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Sárkány B, Dávid C, Hortobágyi T, Gombás P, Somogyi P, Acsády L, Viney TJ. Early and selective localization of tau filaments to glutamatergic subcellular domains within the human anterodorsal thalamus. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:98. [PMID: 38861157 PMCID: PMC11166832 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Widespread cortical accumulation of misfolded pathological tau proteins (ptau) in the form of paired helical filaments is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Subcellular localization of ptau at various stages of disease progression is likely to be informative of the cellular mechanisms involving its spread. Here, we found that the density of ptau within several distinct rostral thalamic nuclei in post-mortem human tissue (n = 25 cases) increased with the disease stage, with the anterodorsal nucleus (ADn) consistently being the most affected. In the ADn, ptau-positive elements were present already in the pre-cortical (Braak 0) stage. Tau pathology preferentially affected the calretinin-expressing subpopulation of glutamatergic neurons in the ADn. At the subcellular level, we detected ptau immunoreactivity in ADn cell bodies, dendrites, and in a specialized type of presynaptic terminal that expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2) and likely originates from the mammillary body. The ptau-containing terminals displayed signs of degeneration, including endosomal/lysosomal organelles. In contrast, corticothalamic axon terminals lacked ptau. The data demonstrate the involvement of a specific cell population in ADn at the onset of the disease. The presence of ptau in subcortical glutamatergic presynaptic terminals supports hypotheses about the transsynaptic spread of tau selectively affecting specialized axonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sárkány
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Csaba Dávid
- Lendület Laboratory of Thalamus Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Gombás
- Department of Pathology, Szt. Borbála Hospital, Tatabánya, 2800, Hungary
| | - Peter Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - László Acsády
- Lendület Laboratory of Thalamus Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
| | - Tim J Viney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Gu X, Qi L, Qi Q, Zhou J, Chen S, Wang L. Monoclonal antibody therapy for Alzheimer's disease focusing on intracerebral targets. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:49-65. [PMID: 38382942 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the complexity of the disorder and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its drug discovery and development are facing enormous challenges, especially after several failures of monoclonal antibody (mAb) trials. Nevertheless, the Food and Drug Administration's approval of the mAb aducanumab has ushered in a new day. As we better understand the disease's pathogenesis and identify novel intracerebral therapeutic targets, antibody-based therapies have advanced over the past few years. The mAb drugs targeting β-amyloid or hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the focus of the current research. Massive neuronal loss and glial cell-mediated inflammation are also the vital pathological hallmarks of AD, signaling a new direction for research on mAb drugs. We have elucidated the mechanisms by which AD-specific mAbs cross the BBB to bind to targets. In order to investigate therapeutic approaches to treat AD, this review focuses on the promising mAbs targeting intracerebral dysfunction and related strategies to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Gu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Qi
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Chen
- Postdoctoral Station of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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3
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Alhadidy MM, Kanaan NM. Biochemical approaches to assess the impact of post-translational modifications on pathogenic tau conformations using recombinant protein. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:301-318. [PMID: 38348781 PMCID: PMC10903483 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Tau protein is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Aggregates of tau are thought of as a main contributor to neurodegeneration in these diseases. Increasingly, evidence points to earlier, soluble conformations of abnormally modified monomers and multimeric tau as toxic forms of tau. The biological processes driving tau from physiological species to pathogenic conformations remain poorly understood, but certain avenues are currently under investigation including the functional consequences of various pathological tau changes (e.g. mutations, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and protein-protein interactions). PTMs can regulate several aspects of tau biology such as proteasomal and autophagic clearance, solubility, and aggregation. Moreover, PTMs can contribute to the transition of tau from normal to pathogenic conformations. However, our understating of how PTMs specifically regulate the transition of tau into pathogenic conformations is partly impeded by the relative lack of structured frameworks to assess and quantify these conformations. In this review, we describe a set of approaches that includes several in vitro assays to determine the contribution of PTMs to tau's transition into known pathogenic conformations. The approaches begin with different methods to create recombinant tau proteins carrying specific PTMs followed by validation of the PTMs status. Then, we describe a set of biochemical and biophysical assays that assess the contribution of a given PTM to different tau conformations, including aggregation, oligomerization, exposure of the phosphatase-activating domain, and seeding. Together, these approaches can facilitate the advancement of our understanding of the relationships between PTMs and tau conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alhadidy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas M. Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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4
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Kimura T, Sato H, Kano M, Tatsumi L, Tomita T. Novel aspects of the phosphorylation and structure of pathological tau: implications for tauopathy biomarkers. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:181-193. [PMID: 37391389 PMCID: PMC10839341 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of highly phosphorylated and aggregated tau is a characteristic of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. It has long been known that different isoforms of tau are aggregated in different cell types and brain regions in each tauopathy. Recent advances in analytical techniques revealed the details of the biochemical and structural biological differences of tau specific to each tauopathy. In this review, we explain recent advances in the analysis of post-translational modifications of tau, particularly phosphorylation, brought about by the development of mass-spectrometry and Phos-tag technology. We then discuss the structure of tau filaments in each tauopathy revealed by the advent of cryo-EM. Finally, we describe the progress in biofluid and imaging biomarkers for tauopathy. This review summarizes current efforts to elucidate the characteristics of pathological tau and the landscape of the use of tau as a biomarker to diagnose and determine the pathological stage of tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kimura
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Haruaki Sato
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Maria Kano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Lisa Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
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5
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Congdon EE, Ji C, Tetlow AM, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Tau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:715-736. [PMID: 37875627 PMCID: PMC10965012 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals. AD is characterized pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, which eventually results in dementia. Many of the early attempts to develop treatments for AD focused on Aβ, but a lack of efficacy of these treatments in terms of slowing disease progression led to a change of strategy towards targeting of tau pathology. Given that tau shows a stronger correlation with symptom severity than does Aβ, targeting of tau is more likely to be efficacious once cognitive decline begins. Anti-tau therapies initially focused on post-translational modifications, inhibition of tau aggregation and stabilization of microtubules. However, trials of many potential drugs were discontinued because of toxicity and/or lack of efficacy. Currently, the majority of tau-targeting agents in clinical trials are immunotherapies. In this Review, we provide an update on the results from the initial immunotherapy trials and an overview of new therapeutic candidates that are in clinical development, as well as considering future directions for tau-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyi Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber M Tetlow
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Zeng Z, Vijayan V, Tsay K, Frost MP, Quddus A, Albert A, Vigers M, Woerman AL, Han S. CBD and PSP cell-passaged Tau Seeds Generate Heterogeneous Fibrils with A sub-population Adopting Disease Folds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549721. [PMID: 37502998 PMCID: PMC10370138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery by cryo-electron microscopy that the neuropatho-logical hallmarks of different tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), are caused by unique misfolded conformations of the protein tau is among the most profound developments in neurodegenerative disease research. To capitalize on these discoveries for therapeutic development, one must achieve in vitro replication of tau fibrils that adopt the rep-resentative tauopathy disease folds - a grand challenge. To understand whether the commonly used, but imperfect, fragment of the tau pro-tein, K18, is capable of inducing specific protein folds, fibril seeds derived from CBD- and PSP-infected biosensor cells expressing K18, were used to achieve cell-free assembly of naïve, recombinant 4R tau into fibrils without the addition of any cofactors. Using Double Electron Electron Resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, we discovered that cell-passaged patho-logical seeds generate heterogeneous fibrils that are distinct between the CBD and PSP lysate-seeded fibrils, and are also unique from heparin-induced tau fibril populations. Moreover, the lysate-seeded fibrils contain a characteristic sub-population that resembles either the CBD or PSP disease fold, corresponding with the respective starting patient sam-ple. These findings indicate that CBD and PSP patient-derived fibrils retain strain properties after passaging through K18 reporter cells.
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7
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Tagai K, Ikoma Y, Endo H, Debnath OB, Seki C, Matsuoka K, Matsumoto H, Oya M, Hirata K, Shinotoh H, Takahata K, Kurose S, Sano Y, Ono M, Shimada H, Kawamura K, Zhang MR, Takado Y, Higuchi M. An optimized reference tissue method for quantification of tau protein depositions in diverse neurodegenerative disorders by PET with 18F-PM-PBB3 ( 18F-APN-1607). Neuroimage 2022; 264:119763. [PMID: 36427751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-PM-PBB3 (18F-APN-1607, 18F-Florzolotau) enables high-contrast detection of tau depositions in various neurodegenerative dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). A simplified method for quantifying radioligand binding in target regions is to employ the cerebellum as a reference (CB-ref) on the assumption that the cerebellum has minimal tau pathologies. This procedure is typically valid in AD, while FTLD disorders exemplified by progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are characterized by occasional tau accumulations in the cerebellum, hampering the application of CB-ref. The present study aimed to establish an optimal method for defining reference tissues on 18F-PM-PBB3-PET images of AD and non-AD tauopathy brains. We developed a new algorithm to extract reference voxels with a low likelihood of containing tau deposits from gray matter (GM-ref) or white matter (WM-ref) by a bimodal fit to an individual, voxel-wise histogram of the radioligand retentions and applied it to 18F-PM-PBB3-PET data obtained from age-matched 40 healthy controls (HCs) and 23 CE, 40 PSP, and five other tau-positive FTLD patients. PET images acquired at 90-110 min after injection were averaged and co-registered to corresponding magnetic resonance imaging space. Subsequently, we generated standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images estimated by CB-ref, GM-ref and WM-ref, respectively, and then compared the diagnostic performances. GM-ref and WM-ref covered a broad area in HCs and were free of voxels located in regions known to bear high tau burdens in AD and PSP patients. However, radioligand retentions in WM-ref exhibited age-related declines. GM-ref was unaffected by aging and provided SUVR images with higher contrast than CB-ref in FTLD patients with suspected and confirmed corticobasal degeneration. The methodology for determining reference tissues as optimized here improves the accuracy of 18F-PM-PBB3-PET measurements of tau burdens in a wide range of neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tagai
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hironobu Endo
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Oiendrila Bhowmik Debnath
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsumoto
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Oya
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirata
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shinotoh
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Shin Kurose
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sano
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Maiko Ono
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Endo H, Tagai K, Ono M, Ikoma Y, Oyama A, Matsuoka K, Kokubo N, Hirata K, Sano Y, Oya M, Matsumoto H, Kurose S, Seki C, Shimizu H, Kakita A, Takahata K, Shinotoh H, Shimada H, Tokuda T, Kawamura K, Zhang M, Oishi K, Mori S, Takado Y, Higuchi M. A Machine Learning-Based Approach to Discrimination of Tauopathies Using [ 18 F]PM-PBB3 PET Images. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2236-2246. [PMID: 36054492 PMCID: PMC9805085 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently developed a positron emission tomography (PET) probe, [18 F]PM-PBB3, to detect tau lesions in diverse tauopathies, including mixed three-repeat and four-repeat (3R + 4R) tau fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 4R tau aggregates in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). For wider availability of this technology for clinical settings, bias-free quantitative evaluation of tau images without a priori disease information is needed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish tau PET pathology indices to characterize PSP and AD using a machine learning approach and test their validity and tracer capabilities. METHODS Data were obtained from 50 healthy control subjects, 46 patients with PSP Richardson syndrome, and 37 patients on the AD continuum. Tau PET data from 114 regions of interest were subjected to Elastic Net cross-validation linear classification analysis with a one-versus-the-rest multiclass strategy to obtain a linear function that discriminates diseases by maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We defined PSP- and AD-tau scores for each participant as values of the functions optimized for differentiating PSP (4R) and AD (3R + 4R), respectively, from others. RESULTS The discriminatory ability of PSP- and AD-tau scores assessed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.98 and 1.00, respectively. PSP-tau scores correlated with the PSP rating scale in patients with PSP, and AD-tau scores correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores in healthy control-AD continuum patients. The globus pallidus and amygdala were highlighted as regions with high weight coefficients for determining PSP- and AD-tau scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight our technology's unbiased capability to identify topologies of 3R + 4R versus 4R tau deposits. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Endo
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Maiko Ono
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Asaka Oyama
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Naomi Kokubo
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kosei Hirata
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Yasunori Sano
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Masaki Oya
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Hideki Matsumoto
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial RadiologyTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Shin Kurose
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Chie Seki
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | | | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Ming‐Rong Zhang
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Susumu Mori
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
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9
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Tarutani A, Adachi T, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hasegawa K, Saito Y, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Yoshida M, Murayama S, Hasegawa M. Ultrastructural and biochemical classification of pathogenic tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:613-640. [PMID: 35513543 PMCID: PMC9107452 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins with conformational changes is the defining neuropathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic proteins that accumulate in patients' brains adopt an amyloid-like fibrous structure and exhibit various ultrastructural features. The biochemical analysis of pathogenic proteins in sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from patients' brains also shows disease-specific features. Intriguingly, these ultrastructural and biochemical features are common within the same disease group. These differences among the pathogenic proteins extracted from patients' brains have important implications for definitive diagnosis of the disease, and also suggest the existence of pathogenic protein strains that contribute to the heterogeneity of pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent experimental evidence has shown that prion-like propagation of these pathogenic proteins from host cells to recipient cells underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The reproduction of the pathological features that characterize each disease in cellular and animal models of prion-like propagation also implies that the structural differences in the pathogenic proteins are inherited in a prion-like manner. In this review, we summarize the ultrastructural and biochemical features of pathogenic proteins extracted from the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that accumulate abnormal forms of tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43, and we discuss how these disease-specific properties are maintained in the brain, based on recent experimental insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tadashi Adachi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David M A Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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10
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Congdon EE, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Targeting tau only extracellularly is likely to be less efficacious than targeting it both intra- and extracellularly. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:125-137. [PMID: 34896021 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the tau protein is thought to be responsible for the neurodegeneration and subsequent functional impairments in diseases that are collectively named tauopathies. Alzheimer's disease is the most common tauopathy, but the group consists of over 20 different diseases, many of which have tau pathology as their primary feature. The development of tau therapies has mainly focused on preventing the formation of and/or clearing these aggregates. Of these, immunotherapies that aim to either elicit endogenous tau antibodies or deliver exogenous ones are the most common approach in clinical trials. While their mechanism of action can involve several pathways, both extra- and intracellular, pharmaceutical companies have primarily focused on antibody-mediated clearance of extracellular tau. As we have pointed out over the years, this is rather surprising because it is well known that most of pathological tau protein is found intracellularly. It has been repeatedly shown by several groups over the past decades that antibodies can enter neurons and that their cellular uptake can be enhanced by various means, particularly by altering their charge. Here, we will briefly describe the potential extra- and intracellular mechanisms involved in antibody-mediated clearance of tau pathology, discuss these in the context of recent failures of some of the tau antibody trials, and finally provide a brief overview of how the intracellular efficacy of tau antibodies can potentially be further improved by certain modifications that aim to enhance tau clearance via specific intracellular degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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11
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Limorenko G, Lashuel HA. To target Tau pathologies, we must embrace and reconstruct their complexities. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105536. [PMID: 34718129 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated fibrillar Tau aggregates in the brain is one of the defining hallmarks of Tauopathy diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, the primary events or molecules responsible for initiation of the pathological Tau aggregation and spreading remain unknown. The discovery of heparin as an effective inducer of Tau aggregation in vitro was instrumental to enabling different lines of research into the role of Tau aggregation in the pathogenesis of Tauopathies. However, recent proteomics and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies have revealed that heparin-induced Tau fibrils generated in vitro do not reproduce the biochemical and ultrastructural properties of disease-associated brain-derived Tau fibrils. These observations demand that we reassess our current approaches for investigating the mechanisms underpinning Tau aggregation and pathology formation. Our review article presents an up-to-date survey and analyses of 1) the evolution of our understanding of the interactions between Tau and heparin, 2) the various structural and mechanistic models of the heparin-induced Tau aggregation, 3) the similarities and differences between brain-derived and heparin-induced Tau fibrils; and 4) emerging concepts on the biochemical and structural determinants underpinning Tau pathological heterogeneity in Tauopathies. Our analyses identify specific knowledge gaps and call for 1) embracing the complexities of Tau pathologies; 2) reassessment of current approaches to investigate, model and reproduce pathological Tau aggregation as it occurs in the brain; 3) more research towards a better understanding of the naturally-occurring cofactor molecules that are associated with Tau brain pathology initiation and propagation; and 4) developing improved approaches for in vitro production of the Tau aggregates and fibrils that recapitulate and/or amplify the biochemical and structural complexity and diversity of pathological Tau in Tauopathies. This will result in better and more relevant tools, assays, and mechanistic models, which could significantly improve translational research and the development of drugs and antibodies that have higher chances for success in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Tezuka T, Takahata K, Seki M, Tabuchi H, Momota Y, Shiraiwa M, Suzuki N, Morimoto A, Nakahara T, Iwabuchi Y, Miura E, Yamamoto Y, Sano Y, Funaki K, Yamagata B, Ueda R, Yoshizaki T, Mashima K, Shibata M, Oyama M, Okada K, Kubota M, Okita H, Takao M, Jinzaki M, Nakahara J, Mimura M, Ito D. Evaluation of [ 18F]PI-2620, a second-generation selective tau tracer, for assessing four-repeat tauopathies. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab190. [PMID: 34632382 PMCID: PMC8495135 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau aggregates represent a key pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, PET probes have been developed for in vivo detection of tau accumulation; however, they are limited because of off-target binding and a reduced ability to detect tau in non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies. The novel tau PET tracer, [18F]PI-2620, has a high binding affinity and specificity for aggregated tau; therefore, it was hypothesized to have desirable properties for the visualization of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies. To assess the ability of [18F]PI-2620 to detect regional tau burden in non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies compared with Alzheimer's disease, patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 3), corticobasal syndrome (n = 2), corticobasal degeneration (n = 1) or Alzheimer's disease (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 7) were recruited. All participants underwent MRI, amyloid β assessment and [18F]PI-2620 PET (Image acquisition at 60-90 min post-injection). Cortical and subcortical tau accumulations were assessed by calculating standardized uptake value ratios using [18F]PI-2620 PET. For pathologic validation, tau pathology was assessed using tau immunohistochemistry and compared with [18F]PI-2620 retention in an autopsied case of corticobasal degeneration. In Alzheimer's disease, focal retention of [18F]PI-2620 was evident in the temporal and parietal lobes, precuneus, and cingulate cortex. Standardized uptake value ratio analyses revealed that patients with non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies had elevated [18F]PI-2620 uptake only in the globus pallidus, as compared to patients with Alzheimer's disease, but not healthy controls. A head-to-head comparison of [18F]PI-2620 and [18F]PM-PBB3, another tau PET probe for possibly visualizing the four-repeat tau pathogenesis in non-Alzheimer's disease, revealed different retention patterns in one subject with progressive supranuclear palsy. Imaging-pathology correlation analysis of the autopsied patient with corticobasal degeneration revealed no significant correlation between [18F]PI-2620 retention in vivo. High [18F]PI-2620 uptake at 60-90 min post-injection in the globus pallidus may be a sign of neurodegeneration in four-repeat tauopathy, but not necessarily practical for diagnosis of non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies. Collectively, this tracer is a promising tool to detect Alzheimer's disease-tau aggregation. However, late acquisition PET images of [18F]PI-2620 may have limited utility for reliable detection of four-repeat tauopathy because of lack of correlation between post-mortem tau pathology and different retention pattern than the non-Alzheimer's disease-detectable tau radiotracer, [18F]PM-PBB3. A recent study reported that [18F]PI-2620 tracer kinetics curves in four-repeat tauopathies peak earlier (within 30 min) than Alzheimer's disease; therefore, further studies are needed to determine appropriate PET acquisition times that depend on the respective interest regions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tabuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Momota
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Shiraiwa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Morimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Nakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Iwabuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eisuke Miura
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Funaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bun Yamagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ueda
- Office of Radiation Technology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahito Yoshizaki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mashima
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan
| | - Mamoru Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo 272-8513, Japan
| | - Munenori Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Kubota
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Okita
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Center Hospital, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.,Brain Bank, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Gunma 372-0006, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Camacho J, Rábano A, Marazuela P, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Serna G, Moliné T, Ramón Y Cajal S, Martínez-Sáez E, Hernández-Guillamon M. Association of CD2AP neuronal deposits with Braak neurofibrillary stage in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13016. [PMID: 34514662 PMCID: PMC8713526 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have described several genes as genetic susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, CD2AP encodes CD2-associated protein, a scaffold protein implicated in dynamic actin remodeling and membrane trafficking during endocytosis and cytokinesis. Although a clear link between CD2AP defects and glomerular pathology has been described, little is known about the function of CD2AP in the brain. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of CD2AP in the AD brain and its potential associations with tau aggregation and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. First, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of CD2AP expression in brain tissue from AD patients and controls (N = 60). Our results showed granular CD2AP immunoreactivity in the human brain endothelium in all samples. In AD cases, no CD2AP was found to be associated with Aβ deposits in vessels or parenchymal plaques. CD2AP neuronal inclusions similar to neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuropil thread-like deposits were found only in AD samples. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CD2AP colocalized with pTau. Regarding CD2AP neuronal distribution, a hierarchical progression from the entorhinal to the temporal and occipital cortex was detected. We found that CD2AP immunodetection in neurons was strongly and positively associated with Braak neurofibrillary stage, independent of age and other pathological hallmarks. To further investigate the association between pTau and CD2AP, we included samples from cases of primary tauopathies (corticobasal degeneration [CBD], progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], and Pick's disease [PiD]) in our study. Among these cases, CD2AP positivity was only found in PiD samples as neurofibrillary tangle-like and Pick body-like deposits, whereas no neuronal CD2AP deposits were detected in PSP or CBD samples, which suggested an association of CD2AP neuronal expression with 3R-Tau-diseases. In conclusion, our findings open a new road to investigate the complex cellular mechanism underlying the tangle conformation and tau pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Camacho
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Neuropathology Department, CIEN Foundation, Alzheimer's Centre Queen Sofía Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Garazi Serna
- Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Morphological Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Confinement fluorescence effect (CFE): Lighting up life by enhancing the absorbed photon energy utilization efficiency of fluorophores. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Tarutani A, Miyata H, Nonaka T, Hasegawa K, Yoshida M, Saito Y, Murayama S, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Tomita T, Hasegawa M. Human tauopathy-derived tau strains determine the substrates recruited for templated amplification. Brain 2021; 144:2333-2348. [PMID: 33693528 PMCID: PMC8418341 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a subset of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal tau inclusions. Specifically, three-repeat tau and four-repeat tau in Alzheimer’s disease, three-repeat tau in Pick’s disease (PiD) and four-repeat tau in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) form amyloid-like fibrous structures that accumulate in neurons and/or glial cells. Amplification and cell-to-cell transmission of abnormal tau based on the prion hypothesis are believed to explain the onset and progression of tauopathies. Recent studies support not only the self-propagation of abnormal tau, but also the presence of conformationally distinct tau aggregates, namely tau strains. Cryogenic electron microscopy analyses of patient-derived tau filaments have revealed disease-specific ordered tau structures. However, it remains unclear whether the ultrastructural and biochemical properties of tau strains are inherited during the amplification of abnormal tau in the brain. In this study, we investigated template-dependent amplification of tau aggregates using a cellular model of seeded aggregation. Tau strains extracted from human tauopathies caused strain-dependent accumulation of insoluble filamentous tau in SH-SY5Y cells. The seeding activity towards full-length four-repeat tau substrate was highest in CBD-tau seeds, followed by PSP-tau and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-tau seeds, while AD-tau seeds showed higher seeding activity than PiD-tau seeds towards three-repeat tau substrate. Abnormal tau amplified in cells inherited the ultrastructural and biochemical properties of the original seeds. These results strongly suggest that the structural differences of patient-derived tau strains underlie the diversity of tauopathies, and that seeded aggregation and filament formation mimicking the pathogenesis of sporadic tauopathy can be reproduced in cultured cells. Our results indicate that the disease-specific conformation of tau aggregates determines the tau isoform substrate that is recruited for templated amplification, and also influences the prion-like seeding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.,Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David M A Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
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16
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Uddin MN, Elahi M, Shimonaka S, Kakuta S, Ishiguro K, Motoi Y, Hattori N. Strain-specific clearance of seed-dependent tau aggregation by lithium-induced autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 543:65-71. [PMID: 33517128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Different conformational strains of tau have been implicated in the clinicopathological heterogeneity of tauopathies. In this study, we hypothesized that distinct strains are degraded in a different manner. Lithium, a drug for bipolar disorder, had previously been reported to reduce aggregation-prone protein content by promoting autophagy. Here, we assessed the effects of lithium on tau aggregates using different tauopathy brain seeds. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with C-terminal tau fragment Tau-CTF24 (residues 243-441), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) brain seeds were introduced. After 48-h lithium treatment, sarkosyl-insoluble fractions were prepared. Lithium treatment was found to reduce the amount of insoluble tau and p62, and increase LC3-II levels along with the number of autophagic vacuoles in AD-seeded cells. The effects were lower in case of CBD seeds, and comparable between PSP and AD seeds. An inhibitor of myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) also demonstrated similar effects. Overall, the study suggested that aggregated tau protein is degraded by lithium-induced autophagy, influencing IMPase in a strain-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasir Uddin
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Montasir Elahi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Shimonaka
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Canepa E, Fossati S. Impact of Tau on Neurovascular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 11:573324. [PMID: 33488493 PMCID: PMC7817626 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.573324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent cause of dementia. The main cerebral histological hallmarks are represented by parenchymal insoluble deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), intracellular filamentous inclusions of tau, a microtubule-associated protein. It is well-established that cerebrovascular dysfunction is an early feature of AD pathology, but the detrimental mechanisms leading to blood vessel impairment and the associated neurovascular deregulation are not fully understood. In 90% of AD cases, Aβ deposition around the brain vasculature, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), alters blood brain barrier (BBB) essential functions. While the effects of vascular Aβ accumulation are better documented, the scientific community has only recently started to consider the impact of tau on neurovascular pathology in AD. Emerging compelling evidence points to transmission of neuronal tau to different brain cells, including astrocytes, as well as to the release of tau into brain interstitial fluids, which may lead to perivascular neurofibrillar tau accumulation and toxicity, affecting vessel architecture, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and vascular permeability. BBB integrity and functionality may therefore be impacted by pathological tau, consequentially accelerating the progression of the disease. Tau aggregates have also been shown to induce mitochondrial damage: it is known that tau impairs mitochondrial localization, distribution and dynamics, alters ATP and reactive oxygen species production, and compromises oxidative phosphorylation systems. In light of this previous knowledge, we postulate that tau can initiate neurovascular pathology in AD through mitochondrial dysregulation. In this review, we will explore the literature investigating tau pathology contribution to the malfunction of the brain vasculature and neurovascular unit, and its association with mitochondrial alterations and caspase activation, in cellular, animal, and human studies of AD and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Canepa
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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Soleimani-Meigooni DN, Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Baker S, Bourakova V, Boxer AL, Edwards L, Eser R, Gorno-Tempini ML, Jagust WJ, Janabi M, Kramer JH, Lesman-Segev OH, Mellinger T, Miller BL, Pham J, Rosen HJ, Spina S, Seeley WW, Strom A, Grinberg LT, Rabinovici GD. 18F-flortaucipir PET to autopsy comparisons in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain 2020; 143:3477-3494. [PMID: 33141172 PMCID: PMC7719031 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the relationship between in vivo18F-flortaucipir PET and post-mortem pathology. We sought to compare antemortem 18F-flortaucipir PET to neuropathology in a consecutive series of patients with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions. Twenty patients were included [mean age at PET 61 years (range 34-76); eight female; median PET-to-autopsy interval of 30 months (range 4-59 months)]. Eight patients had primary Alzheimer's disease pathology, nine had non-Alzheimer tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with MAPT mutations), and three had non-tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Using an inferior cerebellar grey matter reference, 80-100-min 18F-flortaucipir PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were created. Mean SUVRs were calculated for progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangle Braak stage regions of interest, and these values were compared to SUVRs derived from young, non-autopsy, cognitively normal controls used as a standard for tau negativity. W-score maps were generated to highlight areas of increased tracer retention compared to cognitively normal controls, adjusting for age as a covariate. Autopsies were performed blinded to PET results. There was excellent correspondence between areas of 18F-flortaucipir retention, on both SUVR images and W-score maps, and neurofibrillary tangle distribution in patients with primary Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Patients with non-Alzheimer tauopathies and non-tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration showed a range of tracer retention that was less than Alzheimer's disease, though higher than age-matched, cognitively normal controls. Overall, binding across both tau-positive and tau-negative non-Alzheimer disorders did not reliably correspond with post-mortem tau pathology. 18F-flortaucipir SUVRs in subcortical regions were higher in autopsy-confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration than in controls, but were similar to values measured in Alzheimer's disease and tau-negative neurodegenerative pathologies. Quantification of 18F-flortaucipir SUVR images at Braak stage regions of interest reliably detected advanced Alzheimer's (Braak VI) pathology. However, patients with earlier Braak stages (Braak I-IV) did not show elevated tracer uptake in these regions compared to young, tau-negative controls. In summary, PET-to-autopsy comparisons confirm that 18F-flortaucipir PET is a reliable biomarker of advanced Braak tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. The tracer cannot reliably differentiate non-Alzheimer tauopathies and may not detect early Braak stages of neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Soleimani-Meigooni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Viktoriya Bourakova
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rana Eser
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - William J Jagust
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mustafa Janabi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Orit H Lesman-Segev
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Taylor Mellinger
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Pham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Lin L, Petralia RS, Lake R, Wang YX, Hoffman DA. A novel structure associated with aging is augmented in the DPP6-KO mouse brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:197. [PMID: 33225987 PMCID: PMC7682109 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role as an auxiliary subunit of A-type voltage-gated K+ channels, we have previously reported that the single transmembrane protein Dipeptidyl Peptidase Like 6 (DPP6) impacts neuronal and synaptic development. DPP6-KO mice are impaired in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and exhibit smaller brain size. Using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, we report here a novel structure in hippocampal area CA1 that was significantly more prevalent in aging DPP6-KO mice compared to WT mice of the same age and that these structures were observed earlier in development in DPP6-KO mice. These novel structures appeared as clusters of large puncta that colocalized NeuN, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A. They also partially labeled for MAP2, and with synapsin-1 and VGluT1 labeling on their periphery. Electron microscopy revealed that these structures are abnormal, enlarged presynaptic swellings filled with mainly fibrous material with occasional peripheral, presynaptic active zones forming synapses. Immunofluorescence imaging then showed that a number of markers for aging and especially Alzheimer’s disease were found as higher levels in these novel structures in aging DPP6-KO mice compared to WT. Together these results indicate that aging DPP6-KO mice have increased numbers of novel, abnormal presynaptic structures associated with several markers of Alzheimer’s disease.
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20
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Oakley SS, Maina MB, Marshall KE, Al-Hilaly YK, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Serpell LC. Tau Filament Self-Assembly and Structure: Tau as a Therapeutic Target. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590754. [PMID: 33281730 PMCID: PMC7688747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau plays an important pathological role in a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and corticobasal degeneration. In each disease, tau self-assembles abnormally to form filaments that deposit in the brain. Tau is a natively unfolded protein that can adopt distinct structures in different pathological disorders. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently provided a series of structures for the core of the filaments purified from brain tissue from patients with different tauopathies and revealed that they share a common core region, while differing in their specific conformation. This structurally resolvable part of the core is contained within a proteolytically stable core region from the repeat domain initially isolated from AD tau filaments. Tau has recently become an important target for therapy. Recent work has suggested that the prevention of tau self-assembly may be effective in slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Here we review the work that explores the importance of tau filament structures and tau self-assembly mechanisms, as well as examining model systems that permit the exploration of the mode of action of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian S Oakley
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud B Maina
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Karen E Marshall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Youssra K Al-Hilaly
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Charlie R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Claude M Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Serpell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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21
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Nakano M, Riku Y, Nishioka K, Hasegawa M, Washimi Y, Arahata Y, Takeda A, Horibe K, Yamaoka A, Suzuki K, Tsujimoto M, Li Y, Yoshino H, Hattori N, Akagi A, Miyahara H, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida M. Unclassified four-repeat tauopathy associated with familial parkinsonism and progressive respiratory failure. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:148. [PMID: 32854784 PMCID: PMC7450700 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe an autopsied patient with familial parkinsonism and unclassified four repeat-tau (4R-tau) aggregation. She presented with bradykinesia, truncal dystonia, and mild amnesia at the age of 61 and then exhibited body weight loss (15 kg over 8 months), sleep disturbances, and progressive respiratory failure with CO2 narcosis. She died of respiratory failure at the age of 62, 14 months after disease onset. Her brother also showed parkinsonism at the age of 58 and suddenly died 6 months later. Postmortem examination revealed 4R-tau aggregation, which was characterized by neuronal globose-type tangles or pretangles, bush-like or miscellaneous astrocytic inclusions, and coiled bodies. The temporal tip, the striatum, the substantia nigra, the tegmentum of the midbrain, the medullary reticular formation, and the spinal cord were severely involved with tau aggregation. Argyrophilic grains and ballooned neurons were also found in the medial temporal structures, however, extensions of the 4R-aggregations in the case were clearly broader than those of the argyrophilic grains. Western blot analysis of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions from brain lysates revealed prominent bands of tau at both 33 kDa and 37 kDa. Genetic examinations did not reveal any known pathogenic mutations in MAPT, DCTN-1, PSEN-1, or familial or young-onset parkinsonism-related genes. The clinical manifestations, pathologic findings, and biochemical properties of aggregated tau in our patient cannot be explained by argyrophilic grain disease or other known 4R-tauopathies alone. Our results further extend the clinical and neuropathologic spectra of 4R-tauopathy.
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22
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Shimonaka S, Matsumoto SE, Elahi M, Ishiguro K, Hasegawa M, Hattori N, Motoi Y. Asparagine residue 368 is involved in Alzheimer's disease tau strain-specific aggregation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13996-14014. [PMID: 32759167 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In tauopathies, tau forms pathogenic fibrils with distinct conformations (termed "tau strains") and acts as an aggregation "seed" templating the conversion of normal tau into isomorphic fibrils. Previous research showed that the aggregation core of tau fibril covers the C-terminal region (243-406 amino acids (aa)) and differs among the diseases. However, the mechanisms by which distinct fibrous structures are formed and inherited via templated aggregation are still unknown. Here, we sought to identify the key sequences of seed-dependent aggregation. To identify sequences for which deletion reduces tau aggregation, SH-SY5Y cells expressing a series of 10 partial deletion (Del 1-10, covering 244-400 aa) mutants of tau-CTF24 (243-441 aa) were treated with tau seeds prepared from a different tauopathy patient's brain (Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration) or recombinant tau, and then seed-dependent tau aggregation was assessed biochemically. We found that the Del 8 mutant lacking 353-368 aa showed significantly decreased aggregation in both cellular and in vitro models. Furthermore, to identify the minimum sequence responsible for tau aggregation, we systematically repeated cellular tau aggregation assays for the delineation of shorter deletion sites and revealed that Asn-368 mutation suppressed tau aggregation triggered by an AD tau seed, but not using other tauopathy seeds. Our study suggested that 353-368 aa is a novel aggregation-responsible sequence other than PHF6 and PHF6*, and within this sequence, the Asn-368 residue plays a role in strain-specific tau aggregation in different tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Shimonaka
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ei Matsumoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Montasir Elahi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Xia Y, Prokop S, Gorion KMM, Kim JD, Sorrentino ZA, Bell BM, Manaois AN, Chakrabarty P, Davies P, Giasson BI. Tau Ser208 phosphorylation promotes aggregation and reveals neuropathologic diversity in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:88. [PMID: 32571418 PMCID: PMC7310041 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein abnormally aggregates in tauopathies, a diverse group of neurologic diseases that includes Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In early stages of disease, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and mislocalized, which can contribute to its aggregation and toxicity. We demonstrate that tau phosphorylation at Ser208 (pSer208) promotes microtubule dysfunction and tau aggregation in cultured cells. Comparative assessment of the epitopes recognized by antibodies AT8, CP13, and 7F2 demonstrates that CP13 and 7F2 are specific for tau phosphorylation at Ser202 and Thr205, respectively, independently of the phosphorylation state of adjacent phosphorylation sites. Supporting the involvement of pSer208 in tau pathology, a novel monoclonal antibody 3G12 specific for tau phosphorylation at Ser208 revealed strong reactivity of tau inclusions in the brains of PS19 and rTg4510 transgenic mouse models of tauopathy. 3G12 also labelled neurofibrillary tangles in brains of patients with AD but revealed differential staining compared to CP13 and 7F2 for other types of tau pathologies such as in neuropil threads and neuritic plaques in AD, tufted astrocytes in progressive supranuclear palsy and astrocytic plaques in corticobasal degeneration. These results support the hypothesis that tau phosphorylation at Ser208 strongly contributes to unique types of tau aggregation and may be a reliable marker for the presence of mature neurofibrillary tangles.
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24
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Puangmalai N, Bhatt N, Montalbano M, Sengupta U, Gaikwad S, Ventura F, McAllen S, Ellsworth A, Garcia S, Kayed R. Internalization mechanisms of brain-derived tau oligomers from patients with Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:314. [PMID: 32366836 PMCID: PMC7198578 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tau aggregates propagate in brain cells and transmit to neighboring cells as well as anatomically connected brain regions by prion-like mechanisms. Soluble tau aggregates (tau oligomers) are the most toxic species that initiate neurodegeneration in tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Exogenous tau aggregates have been shown to be internalized by brain cells; however, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the internalization of tau oligomers (TauO) remain elusive. Using brain-derived tau oligomers (BDTOs) from AD, PSP, and DLB patients, we investigated neuronal internalization mechanisms of BDTOs, including the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-mediated pathway, clathrin-mediated pathway, and caveolae-mediated pathway. Here, we demonstrated that the HSPG-mediated pathway regulates internalization of BDTOs from AD and DLB, while HSPG-mediated and other alternative pathways are involved in the internalization of PSP-derived tau oligomers. HSPG antagonism significantly reduced the internalization of TauO, prevented tau translocation to the endosomal-lysosomal system, and decreased levels of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons, the well-known contributor for neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) accumulation, degeneration of neurons, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of heparan sulfate (HS)-synthesizing enzyme, exostosin-2, leads to decreased internalization of BDTOs, prevented tau-induced autophagy-lysosomal pathway impairment, and decreased hyperphosphorylated tau levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that HSPG-mediated endocytosis and exostsin-2 are involved in neuronal internalization of TauO and subsequent tau-dependent neuropathology in AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mauro Montalbano
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Sagar Gaikwad
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Frank Ventura
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Salome McAllen
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Anna Ellsworth
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Stephanie Garcia
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative proteinopathies as influencing neuronal degeneration or neuroprotection, and also act as potential mediators of the propagation or elimination of disease-associated proteins. Protein astrogliopathies can be observed in different forms of neurodegenerative conditions. Morphological characterization of astrogliopathy is used only for the classification of tauopathies. Currently, at least six types of astrocytic tau pathologies are distinguished. Astrocytic plaques (AP), tufted astrocytes (TAs), ramified astrocytes (RA), and globular astroglial inclusions are seen predominantly in primary tauopathies, while thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSA) and granular/fuzzy astrocytes (GFA) are evaluated in aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). ARTAG can be seen in the white and gray matter and subpial, subependymal, and perivascular locations. Some of these overlap with the features of tau pathology seen in Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Furthermore, gray matter ARTAG shares features with primary tauopathy-related astrocytic tau pathology. Sequential distribution patterns have been described for tau astrogliopathies. Importantly, astrocytic tau pathology in primary tauopathies can be observed in brain areas without neuronal tau deposition. The various morphologies of tau astrogliopathy might reflect a role in the propagation of pathological tau protein, an early response to a yet unidentified neurodegeneration-inducing event, or, particularly for ARTAG, a response to a repeated or prolonged pathogenic process such as blood-brain barrier dysfunction or local mechanical impact. The concept of tau astrogliopathies and ARTAG facilitated communication among research disciplines and triggered the investigation of the significance of astrocytic lesions in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Breuza L, Arighi CN, Argoud-Puy G, Casals-Casas C, Estreicher A, Famiglietti ML, Georghiou G, Gos A, Gruaz-Gumowski N, Hinz U, Hyka-Nouspikel N, Kramarz B, Lovering RC, Lussi Y, Magrane M, Masson P, Perfetto L, Poux S, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Stoeckert C, Sundaram S, Wang LS, Wu E, Orchard S. A Coordinated Approach by Public Domain Bioinformatics Resources to Aid the Fight Against Alzheimer's Disease Through Expert Curation of Key Protein Targets. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:257-273. [PMID: 32716361 PMCID: PMC7592670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis and interpretation of data generated from patient-derived clinical samples relies on access to high-quality bioinformatics resources. These are maintained and updated by expert curators extracting knowledge from unstructured biological data described in free-text journal articles and converting this into more structured, computationally-accessible forms. This enables analyses such as functional enrichment of sets of genes/proteins using the Gene Ontology, and makes the searching of data more productive by managing issues such as gene/protein name synonyms, identifier mapping, and data quality. OBJECTIVE To undertake a coordinated annotation update of key public-domain resources to better support Alzheimer's disease research. METHODS We have systematically identified target proteins critical to disease process, in part by accessing informed input from the clinical research community. RESULTS Data from 954 papers have been added to the UniProtKB, Gene Ontology, and the International Molecular Exchange Consortium (IMEx) databases, with 299 human proteins and 279 orthologs updated in UniProtKB. 745 binary interactions were added to the IMEx human molecular interaction dataset. CONCLUSION This represents a significant enhancement in the expert curated data pertinent to Alzheimer's disease available in a number of biomedical databases. Relevant protein entries have been updated in UniProtKB and concomitantly in the Gene Ontology. Molecular interaction networks have been significantly extended in the IMEx Consortium dataset and a set of reference protein complexes created. All the resources described are open-source and freely available to the research community and we provide examples of how these data could be exploited by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Breuza
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia N. Arighi
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ghislaine Argoud-Puy
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Casals-Casas
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Estreicher
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Livia Famiglietti
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George Georghiou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnaud Gos
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Gruaz-Gumowski
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Hinz
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nevila Hyka-Nouspikel
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kramarz
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Ruth C. Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Yvonne Lussi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Magrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Masson
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Livia Perfetto
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sylvain Poux
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Milagros Rodriguez-Lopez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Stoeckert
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamala Sundaram
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Li-San Wang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Orchard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - IMEx Consortium, UniProt Consortium
- Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzforum, Cambridge, MA, USA
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27
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Saranza GM, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Lang AE. Corticobasal degeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:87-136. [PMID: 31779825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the predominance of pathological 4 repeat tau deposition in various cell types and anatomical regions. Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is one of the clinical phenotypes associated with CBD pathology, manifesting as a progressive asymmetric akinetic-rigid, poorly levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, with cerebral cortical dysfunction. CBD can manifest as several clinical phenotypes, and similarly, CBS can also have a pathologic diagnosis other than CBD. This chapter discusses the clinical manifestations of pathologically confirmed CBD cases, the current diagnostic criteria, as well as the pathologic and neuroimaging findings of CBD/CBS. At present, therapeutic options for CBD remain symptomatic. Further research is needed to improve the clinical diagnosis of CBD, as well as studies on disease-modifying therapies for this relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Saranza
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Forrest SL, Kril JJ, Halliday GM. Cellular and regional vulnerability in frontotemporal tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:705-727. [PMID: 31203391 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The frontotemporal tauopathies all deposit abnormal tau protein aggregates, but often of only certain isoforms and in distinguishing pathologies of five main types (neuronal Pick bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytic plaques, tufted astrocytes, globular glial inclusions and argyrophilic grains). In those with isoform specific tau aggregates glial pathologies are substantial, even though there is limited evidence that these cells normally produce tau protein. This review will assess the differentiating features and clinicopathological correlations of the frontotemporal tauopathies, the genetic predisposition for these different pathologies, their neuroanatomical selectivity, current observations on how they spread through the brain, and any potential contributing cellular and molecular changes. The findings show that diverse clinical phenotypes relate most to the brain region degenerating rather than the type of pathology involved, that different regions on the MAPT gene and novel risk genes are associated with specific tau pathologies, that the 4-repeat glial tauopathies do not follow individual patterns of spreading as identified for neuronal pathologies, and that genetic and pathological data indicate that neuroinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Each pathological frontotemporal tauopathy subtype with their distinct pathological features differ substantially in the cell type affected, morphology, biochemical and anatomical distribution of inclusions, a fundamental concept central to future success in understanding the disease mechanisms required for developing therapeutic interventions. Tau directed therapies targeting genetic mechanisms, tau aggregation and pathological spread are being trialled, although biomarkers that differentiate these diseases are required. Suggested areas of future research to address the regional and cellular vulnerabilities in frontotemporal tauopathies are discussed.
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29
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Shoeibi A, Olfati N, Litvan I. Frontrunner in Translation: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1125. [PMID: 31695675 PMCID: PMC6817677 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a four-repeat tau proteinopathy. Abnormal tau deposition is not unique for PSP and is the basic pathologic finding in some other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), age-related tauopathy, frontotemporal degeneration, corticobasal degeneration, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. While AD research has mostly been focused on amyloid beta pathology until recently, PSP as a prototype of a primary tauopathy with high clinical-pathologic correlation and a rapid course is a crucial candidate for tau therapeutic research. Several novel approaches to slow disease progression are being developed. It is expected that the benefits of translational research in this disease will extend beyond the PSP population. This article reviews advances in the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathology, hypothesized etiopathogenesis, and biomarkers and disease-modifying therapeutic approaches of PSP that is leading it to become a frontrunner in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shoeibi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Olfati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Irene Litvan
- UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
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30
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Mimuro M, Yoshida M. Chameleons and mimics: Progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Neuropathology 2019; 40:57-67. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mimuro
- Institute for Medical Science of AgingAichi Medical University Nagakute Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Institute for Medical Science of AgingAichi Medical University Nagakute Japan
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31
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Gibbons GS, Banks RA, Kim B, Changolkar L, Riddle DM, Leight SN, Irwin DJ, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Detection of Alzheimer Disease (AD)-Specific Tau Pathology in AD and NonAD Tauopathies by Immunohistochemistry With Novel Conformation-Selective Tau Antibodies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:216-228. [PMID: 29415231 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of tau into fibrillar structures within the CNS is a pathological hallmark of a clinically heterogeneous set of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies. Unique misfolded conformations of tau, referred to as strains, are hypothesized to underlie the distinct neuroanatomical and cellular distribution of pathological tau aggregates. Here, we report the identification of novel tau monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively bind to an Alzheimer disease (AD)-specific conformation of pathological tau. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue from various AD and nonAD tauopathies demonstrate selective binding of mAbs GT-7 and GT-38 to AD tau pathologies and absence of immunoreactivity for tau aggregates that are diagnostic of corticobasal degenerations (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Pick's disease (PiD). In cases with co-occurring AD tauopathy, GT-7 and GT-38 distinguish comorbid AD tau from pathological tau in frontotemporal lobar degeneration characterized by tau inclusions (FTLD-Tau), as confirmed by the presence of both 3 versus 4 microtubule-binding repeat isoforms (3R and 4R tau isoforms, respectively), in AD neurofibrillary tangles but not in the tau aggregates of CBD, PSP, or PiD. These findings support the concept of an AD-specific tau strain. The mAbs described here enable the selective detection of AD tau pathology in nonAD tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S Gibbons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel A Banks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bumjin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lakshmi Changolkar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dawn M Riddle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan N Leight
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update-I. Hypokinetic-rigid movement disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:933-995. [PMID: 31214855 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extrapyramidal movement disorders include hypokinetic rigid and hyperkinetic or mixed forms, most of them originating from dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) and their information circuits. The functional anatomy of the BG, the cortico-BG-thalamocortical, and BG-cerebellar circuit connections are briefly reviewed. Pathophysiologic classification of extrapyramidal movement disorder mechanisms distinguish (1) parkinsonian syndromes, (2) chorea and related syndromes, (3) dystonias, (4) myoclonic syndromes, (5) ballism, (6) tics, and (7) tremor syndromes. Recent genetic and molecular-biologic classifications distinguish (1) synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease-dementia, and multiple system atrophy); (2) tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, FTLD-17; Guamian Parkinson-dementia; Pick's disease, and others); (3) polyglutamine disorders (Huntington's disease and related disorders); (4) pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration; (5) Wilson's disease; and (6) other hereditary neurodegenerations without hitherto detected genetic or specific markers. The diversity of phenotypes is related to the deposition of pathologic proteins in distinct cell populations, causing neurodegeneration due to genetic and environmental factors, but there is frequent overlap between various disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but is suggested to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Multiple etiologies and noxious factors (protein mishandling, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, energy failure, and chronic neuroinflammation) are more likely than a single factor. Current clinical consensus criteria have increased the diagnostic accuracy of most neurodegenerative movement disorders, but for their definite diagnosis, histopathological confirmation is required. We present a timely overview of the neuropathology and pathogenesis of the major extrapyramidal movement disorders in two parts, the first one dedicated to hypokinetic-rigid forms and the second to hyperkinetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Tanaka H, Kawakatsu S, Toyoshima Y, Miura T, Mezaki N, Mano A, Sanpei K, Kobayashi R, Hayashi H, Otani K, Ikeuchi T, Onodera O, Kakita A, Takahashi H. Globular glial tauopathy Type II: Clinicopathological study of two autopsy cases. Neuropathology 2019; 39:111-119. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Tanaka
- Department of PathologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Shinobu Kawakatsu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aizu Medical CenterFukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Yasuko Toyoshima
- Department of PathologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Department of Molecular GeneticsBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
- Department of NeurologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
- Department of NeurologySado General Hospital Niigata Japan
| | - Naomi Mezaki
- Department of Molecular GeneticsBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
- Department of NeurologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
- Department of NeurologySado General Hospital Niigata Japan
| | - Atsushi Mano
- Department of NeurologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
- Department of NeurologySado General Hospital Niigata Japan
| | | | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of Medicine Yamagata Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of Medicine Yamagata Japan
| | - Koichi Otani
- Department of PsychiatryYamagata University School of Medicine Yamagata Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular GeneticsBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of NeurologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of PathologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of PathologyBrain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
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34
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Leuzy A, Chiotis K, Lemoine L, Gillberg PG, Almkvist O, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Nordberg A. Tau PET imaging in neurodegenerative tauopathies-still a challenge. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1112-1134. [PMID: 30635637 PMCID: PMC6756230 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of pathological misfolded tau is a feature common to a collective of neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies, of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common. Related tauopathies include progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), Down's syndrome (DS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Investigation of the role of tau pathology in the onset and progression of these disorders is now possible due the recent advent of tau-specific ligands for use with positron emission tomography (PET), including first- (e.g., [18F]THK5317, [18F]THK5351, [18F]AV1451, and [11C]PBB3) and second-generation compounds [namely [18F]MK-6240, [18F]RO-948 (previously referred to as [18F]RO69558948), [18F]PI-2620, [18F]GTP1, [18F]PM-PBB3, and [18F]JNJ64349311 ([18F]JNJ311) and its derivative [18F]JNJ-067)]. In this review we describe and discuss findings from in vitro and in vivo studies using both initial and new tau ligands, including their relation to biomarkers for amyloid-β and neurodegeneration, and cognitive findings. Lastly, methodological considerations for the quantification of in vivo ligand binding are addressed, along with potential future applications of tau PET, including therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leuzy
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cTheme Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laetitia Lemoine
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Göran Gillberg
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ove Almkvist
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Hasegawa M. Structure of NFT: Biochemical Approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:23-34. [PMID: 32096025 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT), bundle of paired helical filaments in neurons is one of the defining features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their spreads well correlate with disease symptoms and progression of AD. Using the unusual insolubility, NFTs were partially purified and the antibodies were produced. Characterization of these antibodies and biochemical studies of tau in AD revealed that a hyperphosphorylated tau protein is the major component of NFTs. In 1998, mutations in the tau gene were discovered in FTDP-17, demonstrating that abnormalities of tau cause accumulation of tau and neurodegeneration. Abnormal tau pathology occurs not only in AD, but also in other neurodegenerative dementing disorders, such as Pick's disease (PiD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The tau isoforms accumulated in these inclusions are different among the diseases. Biochemical and proteinchemical analyses of these pathological tau proteins in these tauopathies demonstrated that the protease-resistant cores of the tau aggregates are composed of different microtubule binding regions and distinct between the diseases. Recent Cryo-EM analyses revealed the core structures of tau filaments in AD and PiD, confirming our biochemical observations. Further studies of tau and other abnormal proteins will provide important insights into molecular mechanisms of protein aggregation and prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Tardiolo G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Overview on the Effects of N-Acetylcysteine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123305. [PMID: 30551603 PMCID: PMC6320789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is an acetylated cysteine compound, has aroused scientific interest for decades due to its important medical applications. It also represents a nutritional supplement in the human diet. NAC is a glutathione precursor and shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition to the uses quoted in the literature, NAC may be considered helpful in therapies to counteract neurodegenerative and mental health diseases. Furthermore, this compound has been evaluated for its neuroprotective potential in the prevention of cognitive aging dementia. NAC is inexpensive, commercially available and no relevant side effects were observed after its administration. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the effects and applications of NAC in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disorders and in neuropathic pain and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tardiolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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37
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Ferrer I. Oligodendrogliopathy in neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates: The forgotten partner. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:24-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Kovacs GG, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ. Protein astrogliopathies in human neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Brain Pathol 2018; 27:675-690. [PMID: 28805003 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons associated with depositions of pathologically altered proteins showing hierarchical involvement of brain regions. The role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is explored as contributors to neuronal degeneration or neuroprotection pathways, and also as potential mediators of the transcellular spreading of disease-associated proteins. Protein astrogliopathy (PAG), including deposition of amyloid-β, prion protein, tau, α-synuclein, and very rarely transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is not unprecedented or unusual in neurodegenerative diseases. Morphological characterization of PAG is considered, however, only for the neuropathological diagnosis and classification of tauopathies. Astrocytic tau pathology is seen in primary frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with tau pathologies (FTLD-Tau), and also in the form of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). Importantly, ARTAG shares common features with primary FTLD-Tau as well as with the astroglial tau pathologies that are thought to be hallmarks of a brain injury-related tauopathy known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Supported by experimental observations, the morphological variability of PAG might reflect distinct pathogenic involvement of different astrocytic populations. PAG might indicate astrocytic contribution to spreading or clearance of disease-associated proteins, however, this might lead to astrocytic dysfunction and eventually contribute to the degeneration of neurons. Here, we review recent advances in understanding ARTAG and other related forms of PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Virginia M Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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39
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LoPresti P. Tau in Oligodendrocytes Takes Neurons in Sickness and in Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082408. [PMID: 30111714 PMCID: PMC6121290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are lifelong partners of neurons. They adjust to the functional demands of neurons over the course of a lifetime to meet the functional needs of a healthy CNS. When this functional interplay breaks down, CNS degeneration follows. OLG processes are essential features for OLGs being able to connect with the neurons. As many as fifty cellular processes from a single OLG reach and wrap an equal number of axonal segments. The cellular processes extend to meet and wrap axonal segments with myelin. Further, transport regulation, which is critical for myelination, takes place within the cellular processes. Because the microtubule-associated protein tau plays a crucial role in cellular process extension and myelination, alterations of tau in OLGs have deleterious effects, resulting in neuronal malfunction and CNS degeneration. Here, we review current concepts on the lifelong role of OLGs and myelin for brain health and plasticity. We present key studies of tau in OLGs and select important studies of tau in neurons. The extensive work on tau in neurons has considerably advanced our understanding of how tau promotes either health or disease. Because OLGs are crucial to neuronal health at any age, an understanding of the functions and regulation of tau in OLGs could uncover new therapeutics for selective CNS neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia LoPresti
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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40
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Murugan NA, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Different Positron Emission Tomography Tau Tracers Bind to Multiple Binding Sites on the Tau Fibril: Insight from Computational Modeling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1757-1767. [PMID: 29630333 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the recently reported cryo-EM structure for the tau fibril [ Fitzpatrick et al. (2017) Nature 547, 185-190 ], which is a potential target concerning Alzheimer's disease, we present the first molecular modeling studies on its interaction with various positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Experimentally, based on the binding assay studies, at least three different high-affinity binding sites have been reported for tracers in the tau fibril. Herein, through integrated modeling using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and binding free energy calculations, we provide insight into the binding patterns of various tracers to the tau fibril. We suggest that there are four different high-affinity binding sites available for many of the studied tracers showing varying binding affinity to different binding sites. Thus, PBB3 binds most strongly to site 4, and interestingly, this site is not a preferable site for any other tracers. For THK5351, our data show that it strongly binds to sites 3 and 1, the former one being more preferable. We also find that MK6240 and T807 bind to site 1 specifically. The modeling data also give some insight into whether a tracer bound to a specific site can be replaced by others or not. For example, the displacement of T807 by PBB3 as reported experimentally can also be explained and attributed to the larger binding affinity of the latter compound in all binding sites. The binding free energy results explain very well the small binding affinity of THK523 compared to all the aryl quinoline moieties containing THK tracers. The ability of certain tau tracers, like FDDNP and THK523, to bind to amyloid fibrils has also been investigated. Furthermore, such off-target interaction of tau tracers with amyloid beta fibrils has been validated using a quantum mechanical fragmentation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Arul Murugan
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center of Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatric, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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Abstract
Astrocytes are involved in many diseases of the central nervous system, not only as reactive cells to neuronal damage but also as primary actors in the pathological process. Astrogliopathy is a term used to designate the involvement of astrocytes as key elements in the pathogenesis and pathology of diseases and injuries of the central nervous system. Astrocytopathy is utilized to name non-reactive astrogliosis covering hypertrophy, atrophy and astroglial degeneration with loss of function in astrocytes and pathological remodeling, as well as senescent changes. Astrogliopathy and astrocytopathy are hallmarks of tauopathies—neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal hyper-phosphorylated tau aggregates in neurons and glial cells. The involvement of astrocytes covers different disease-specific types such as tufted astrocytes, astrocytic plaques, thorn-shaped astrocytes, granular/fuzzy astrocytes, ramified astrocytes and astrocytes with globular inclusions, as well as others which are unnamed but not uncommon in familial frontotemporal degeneration linked to mutations in the tau gene. Knowledge of molecular differences among tau-containing astrocytes is only beginning, and their distinct functional implications remain rather poorly understood. However, tau-containing astrocytes in certain conditions have deleterious effects on neuronal function and nervous system integrity. Moreover, recent studies have shown that tau-containing astrocytes obtained from human brain tauopathies have a capacity for abnormal tau seeding and spreading in wild type mice. Inclusive conceptions include a complex scenario involving neurons, glial cells and local environmental factors that potentiate each other and promote disease progression in tauopathies.
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Pathologically, AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, resulting in cognitive deficits and eventually dementia. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein are the primary components of the plaques and tangles, respectively. In the decades since Aβ and tau were identified, development of therapies for AD has primarily focused on Aβ, but tau has received more attention in recent years, in part because of the failure of various Aβ-targeting treatments in clinical trials. In this article, we review the current status of tau-targeting therapies for AD. Initially, potential anti-tau therapies were based mainly on inhibition of kinases or tau aggregation, or on stabilization of microtubules, but most of these approaches have been discontinued because of toxicity and/or lack of efficacy. Currently, the majority of tau-targeting therapies in clinical trials are immunotherapies, which have shown promise in numerous preclinical studies. Given that tau pathology correlates better with cognitive impairments than do Aβ lesions, targeting of tau is expected to be more effective than Aβ clearance once the clinical symptoms are evident. With future improvements in diagnostics, these two hallmarks of the disease might be targeted prophylactically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Höglinger GU. Is it Useful to Classify Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration as Different Disorders? No. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:141-144. [PMID: 30363409 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2330-1619/homepage/mdc312582-sup-v001.htm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology Technische Universität München Munich Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
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44
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Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain. The spectrum of tau pathologies expands beyond the traditionally discussed disease forms like Pick disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and argyrophilic grain disease. Emerging entities and pathologies include globular glial tauopathies, primary age-related tauopathy, which includes neurofibrillary tangle dementia, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and aging-related tau astrogliopathy. Clinical symptoms include frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal syndrome, Richardson syndrome, parkinsonism, pure akinesia with gait freezing and, rarely, motor neuron symptoms or cerebellar ataxia. Some disorders show specific neuroimaging features, while examination of the cerebrospinal fluid awaits markers for in vivo stratification of cases. The possibility of cell-to-cell propagation is a novel aspect of the pathogenesis of tauopathies, which is partly reflected by the hierarchic involvement of anatomic regions. This concept might have relevance for the development of therapies. For cost-effective screening for tau pathologies in neuropathologic practice, examination of the hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia is recommended. Uncommon morphologies or unusually extensive forms of tau pathologies should raise the suspicion of a genetic background. Ongoing multidisciplinary studies are needed to understand the whole spectrum and significance of tau pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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45
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Štrafela P, Pleško J, Magdič J, Koritnik B, Zupan A, Glavač D, Bresjanac M, Popović M. Familial tauopathy with P364S MAPT mutation: clinical course, neuropathology and ultrastructure of neuronal tau inclusions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:550-562. [PMID: 29215752 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This report presents the clinical course, neuropathology and ultrastructure of neuronal tau inclusions of four Slovene relatives with P364S MAPT mutation. METHODS The clinical history of three out of four P364S MAPT mutation carriers was taken. After formalin fixation, thorough sampling of the central nervous system was followed by paraffin embedding, H&E, Gallyas, Bielschowsky and immunostaining with AT8, anti-3R, anti-4R tau, anti-amyloid-β, anti-TDP43 and anti-alpha-synuclein antibodies. The distribution and density of different types of neuronal tau inclusions were semiquantitatively assessed. In addition, the ultrastructure of neuronal tau inclusions was analysed. RESULTS Macroscopic examination of the brains was unremarkable. Microscopically, neuronal tau inclusions of almost all known types were widespread and distributed fairly uniformly in all cases. Pick bodies and swollen neurones were found in only one family member. Mutant tau was composed of 3R and 4R isoforms, with a slight predominance of 3R tau. Composite neuronal tau inclusion (CNTI), found in all four relatives, was a hallmark of the P364S MAPT mutation. CNTI showed compartmental differences in H&E and Gallyas staining, tau isoforms immunolabelling and ultrastructure, displaying fuzzy fibrils in the core and paired twisted tubules at the periphery. CONCLUSIONS P364S MAPT mutation is characterized clinically by a variable combination of frontotemporal dementia, parkinsonism and motor neurone disease of short duration, and neuropathologically by a widespread uniform distribution of all known neuronal tau inclusions in one family member. Two-compartment CNTI is a unique characteristic of the P364S MAPT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Štrafela
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - J Pleško
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Magdič
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - B Koritnik
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Zupan
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Glavač
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Bresjanac
- LNPR, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Popović
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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46
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Rejc L, Šmid L, Kepe V, Podlipnik Č, Golobič A, Bresjanac M, Barrio JR, Petrič A, Košmrlj J. Design, Syntheses, and in Vitro Evaluation of New Fluorine-18 Radiolabeled Tau-Labeling Molecular Probes. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8741-8757. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Rejc
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lojze Šmid
- Faculty
of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Kepe
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amalija Golobič
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mara Bresjanac
- Faculty
of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jorge R. Barrio
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrej Petrič
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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47
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Leyns CEG, Holtzman DM. Glial contributions to neurodegeneration in tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:50. [PMID: 28662669 PMCID: PMC5492997 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a broad set of neurodegenerative dementias characterized by aggregation of the tau protein into filamentous inclusions that can be found in neurons and glial cells. Activated microglia, astrocytes and elevated levels of proinflammatory molecules are also pathological hallmarks that are found in brain regions affected by tau pathology. There has been abundant research in recent years to understand the role of gliosis and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common form of dementia. AD is a tauopathy characterized by both extracellular amyloid-β plaques in addition to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads containing aggregated tau protein. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation offers a possible mechanistic link between these pathologies. Additionally, there appears to be a role for neuroinflammation in aggravating tau pathology and neurodegeneration in tauopathies featuring tau deposits as the predominant pathological signature. In this review, we survey the literature regarding inflammatory mechanisms that may impact neurodegeneration in AD and related tauopathies. We consider a physical role for microglia in the spread of tau pathology as well as the non-cell autonomous effects of secreted proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and complement proteins. These molecules appear to have direct effects on tau pathophysiology and overall neuronal health. They also indirectly impact neuronal homeostasis by altering glial function. We conclude by proposing a complex role for gliosis and neuroinflammation in accelerating the progression of AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E. G. Leyns
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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48
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Saito M, Hara M, Ebashi M, Morita A, Okada K, Homma T, Sugitani M, Endo K, Uchihara T, Kamei S. Perirhinal accumulation of neuronal alpha-synuclein in a multiple system atrophy patient with dementia. Neuropathology 2017; 37:431-440. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Saito
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makoto Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Momoko Ebashi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiko Morita
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyoko Okada
- Division of Morphological and Functional Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Taku Homma
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Division of Morphological and Functional Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Histology Center; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamei
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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49
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Anti-MAG autoantibodies are increased in Parkinson's disease but not in atypical parkinsonism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 124:209-216. [PMID: 27766424 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that glial cells are involved in the neuropathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD) in addition to degeneration of neuronal structures. Recently, we confirmed the presence of an adaptive immune response against different glial-derived antigens in PD, with a possible role of anti-MAG, anti-MBP and anti-PLP antibodies in the disease progression. The aim of the present study was to assess humoral response against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in patients with parkinsonism (both idiopathic and atypical) to check whether these antibodies could serve as biomarkers of PD, its severity and progression. Anti-MAG autoantibodies were measured by an ELISA system in 99 PD patients, 33 atypical parkinsonism patients, and 36 control subjects. In PD patients, anti-MAG IgM autoantibodies were significantly higher in comparison to healthy control subjects (p = 0.038). IgM anti-MAG autoantibodies titers were also significantly higher in the whole group of patients with parkinsonism (either idiopathic or atypical) in comparison to healthy control subjects (1.88 ± 0.84 vs 1.70 ± 1.19, p = 0.017). This difference was mainly driven by the PD group, as the atypical parkinsonism group did not differ significantly from the control group in anti-MAG antibody levels (p = 0.51). A negative correlation between anti-MAG levels and disease duration was found in PD patients. Our study provides evidence for an increased production of autoantibodies against a protein of glial origin in PD. The negative correlation between anti-MAG antibodies and disease duration may suggest possible involvement of the immune system in disease progression. Increasing evidence that glia are involved in the neurodegenerative process to a greater extent than previously thought may turn out be useful in the search for biomarkers of the neurodegenerative process in PD.
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50
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Arendt T, Stieler JT, Holzer M. Tau and tauopathies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:238-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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