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Yuan Y, Li P, Li J, Zhao Q, Chang Y, He X. Protein lipidation in health and disease: molecular basis, physiological function and pathological implication. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:60. [PMID: 38485938 PMCID: PMC10940682 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications increase the complexity and functional diversity of proteins in response to complex external stimuli and internal changes. Among these, protein lipidations which refer to lipid attachment to proteins are prominent, which primarily encompassing five types including S-palmitoylation, N-myristoylation, S-prenylation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and cholesterylation. Lipid attachment to proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of protein trafficking, localisation, stability, conformation, interactions and signal transduction by enhancing hydrophobicity. Accumulating evidence from genetic, structural, and biomedical studies has consistently shown that protein lipidation is pivotal in the regulation of broad physiological functions and is inextricably linked to a variety of diseases. Decades of dedicated research have driven the development of a wide range of drugs targeting protein lipidation, and several agents have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies, some of which, such as asciminib and lonafarnib are FDA-approved for therapeutic use, indicating that targeting protein lipidations represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we comprehensively review the known regulatory enzymes and catalytic mechanisms of various protein lipidation types, outline the impact of protein lipidations on physiology and disease, and highlight potential therapeutic targets and clinical research progress, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for future protein lipidation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xingxing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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Mitra Ghosh T, Mazumder S, Davis J, Yadav J, Akinpelu A, Alnaim A, Kumar H, Waliagha R, Church Bird AE, Rais-Bahrami S, Bird RC, Mistriotis P, Mishra A, Yates CC, Mitra AK, Arnold RD. Metronomic Administration of Topotecan Alone and in Combination with Docetaxel Inhibits Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1286-1311. [PMID: 37476073 PMCID: PMC10355222 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of noncutaneous cancer-related deaths in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radical prostatectomy, and radiotherapy remain the primary treatment for patients with early-stage prostate cancer (castration-sensitive prostate cancer). Following ADT, many patients ultimately develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Standard chemotherapy options for CRPC are docetaxel (DTX) and cabazitaxel, which increase median survival, although the development of resistance is common. Cancer stem-like cells possess mesenchymal phenotypes [epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)] and play crucial roles in tumor initiation and progression of mCRPC. We have shown that low-dose continuous administration of topotecan (METRO-TOPO) inhibits prostate cancer growth by interfering with key cancer pathway genes. This study utilized bulk and single-cell or whole-transcriptome analysis [(RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)], and we observed greater expression of several EMT markers, including Vimentin, hyaluronan synthase-3, S100 calcium binding protein A6, TGFB1, CD44, CD55, and CD109 in European American and African American aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) subtypes-mCRPC, neuroendocrine variant (NEPC), and taxane-resistant. The taxane-resistant gene FSCN1 was also expressed highly in single-cell subclonal populations in mCRPC. Furthermore, metronomic-topotecan single agent and combinations with DTX downregulated these EMT markers as well as CD44+ and CD44+/CD133+ "stem-like" cell populations. A microfluidic chip-based cell invasion assay revealed that METRO-TOPO treatment as a single agent or in combination with DTX was potentially effective against invasive prostate cancer spread. Our RNA-seq and scRNA-seq analysis were supported by in silico and in vitro studies, suggesting METRO-TOPO combined with DTX may inhibit oncogenic progression by reducing cancer stemness in AVPC through the inhibition of EMT markers and multiple oncogenic factors/pathways. Significance The utilization of metronomic-like dosing regimens of topotecan alone and in combination with DTX resulted in the suppression of makers associated with EMT and stem-like cell populations in AVPC models. The identification of molecular signatures and their potential to serve as novel biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy and disease progression response to treatment efficacy and disease progression were achieved using bulk RNA-seq and single-cell-omics methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraswi Mitra Ghosh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mass General Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suman Mazumder
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Joshua Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ahmed Alnaim
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Biology and Canter for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Razan Waliagha
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Allison E. Church Bird
- Flow Cytometry and High-Speed Cell Sorting Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R. Curtis Bird
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Clayton C. Yates
- Department of Biology and Canter for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
- UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amit K. Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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Mori N, Esaki N, Shimoyama Y, Shiraki Y, Asai N, Sakai T, Nishida Y, Takahashi M, Enomoto A, Mii S. Significance of expression of CD109 in osteosarcoma and its involvement in tumor progression via BMP signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154443. [PMID: 37030166 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, is defined by the formation of neoplastic osteoid and/or bone. This sarcoma is a highly heterogeneous disease with a wide range of patient outcomes. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various types of malignant tumors. We previously reported that CD109 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in normal human tissues and plays a role in bone metabolism in vivo. While CD109 has been shown to promote various carcinomas through the downregulation of TGF-β signaling, the role and mechanism of CD109 in sarcomas remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of CD109 in sarcomas using osteosarcoma cell lines and tissue. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis using human osteosarcoma tissue revealed a significantly worse prognosis in the CD109-high group compared with the CD109-low group. We found no association between CD109 expression and TGF-β signaling in osteosarcoma cells. However, enhancement of SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation was observed in CD109 knockdown cells under bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) stimulation. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis for phospho-SMAD1/5/9 using human osteosarcoma tissue and found a negative correlation between CD109 expression and SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. In vitro wound healing assay showed that osteosarcoma cell migration was significantly attenuated in CD109-knockdown cells compared with control cells in the presence of BMP. These results suggest that CD109 is a poor prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and affects tumor cell migration via BMP signaling.
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Ye F, Zhang G, E. W, Chen H, Yu C, Yang L, Fu Y, Li J, Fu S, Sun Z, Fei L, Guo Q, Wang J, Xiao Y, Wang X, Zhang P, Ma L, Ge D, Xu S, Caballero-Pérez J, Cruz-Ramírez A, Zhou Y, Chen M, Fei JF, Han X, Guo G. Construction of the axolotl cell landscape using combinatorial hybridization sequencing at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4228. [PMID: 35869072 PMCID: PMC9307617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a well-established tetrapod model for regeneration and developmental studies. Remarkably, neotenic axolotls may undergo metamorphosis, a process that triggers many dramatic changes in diverse organs, accompanied by gradually decline of their regeneration capacity and lifespan. However, the molecular regulation and cellular changes in neotenic and metamorphosed axolotls are still poorly investigated. Here, we develop a single-cell sequencing method based on combinatorial hybridization to generate a tissue-based transcriptomic landscape of the neotenic and metamorphosed axolotls. We perform gene expression profiling of over 1 million single cells across 19 tissues to construct the first adult axolotl cell landscape. Comparison of single-cell transcriptomes between the tissues of neotenic and metamorphosed axolotls reveal the heterogeneity of non-immune parenchymal cells in different tissues and established their regulatory network. Furthermore, we describe dynamic gene expression patterns during limb development in neotenic axolotls. This system-level single-cell analysis of molecular characteristics in neotenic and metamorphosed axolotls, serves as a resource to explore the molecular identity of the axolotl and facilitates better understanding of metamorphosis. The Mexican axolotl is a well-established tetrapod model for regeneration and development. Here the authors report a scRNA-seq method to profile neotenic, metamorphic and limb development stages, highlighting unique perturbation patterns of cell type-related gene expression throughout metamorphosis.
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Kuroishi A, Takihara Y, Hirayama F. Current understanding and future perspectives for anti-human platelet antigen-15 antibodies in patients with alloimmune thrombocytopenia: History, laboratory testing, and clinical impact. Transfusion 2022; 62:1128-1141. [PMID: 35266549 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Kuroishi
- Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Fumiya Hirayama
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, Japan
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Mo XT, Leung THY, Tang HWM, Siu MKY, Wan PKT, Chan KKL, Cheung ANY, Ngan HYS. CD109 mediates tumorigenicity and cancer aggressiveness via regulation of EGFR and STAT3 signalling in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:833-843. [PMID: 32507856 PMCID: PMC7463003 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD109 was involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers via TGF-β1 signalling and STAT3 activation. As CD109 is strongly expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, this study was conducted to investigate its functional characteristics in cervical cancer. Methods CD109 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with cervical tissue microarray. The effects of CD109 expression were examined on migration, cell proliferation, spheroid formation and soft-agar colony-formation assay. Meanwhile, cervical cancer cell lines with high CD109 expression were chosen for the functional study using siRNA knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. Results IHC demonstrated an upregulation of CD109 in the cell membrane of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. CD109( + ) cells isolated by flow-cytometric sorting displayed enhanced migration, cell proliferation, sphere-forming and anchorage-independent cell growth ability. In contrast, silencing of CD109 expression could reverse the in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic and aggressive properties. Furthermore, CD109 induced EGFR-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation known to be responsible for cell migration, proliferation and maintenance of CSC phenotype. Conclusion Abundant CD109( + ) populations in cervical cancer cells potentially contributed to carcinogenesis and aggressiveness, whereas silencing of CD109 expression could reverse those properties. CD109 mediates cervical tumorigenicity and aggressiveness via CD109/EGFR/STAT3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tang Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Thomas Ho-Yin Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hermit Wai-Man Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Michelle Kwan-Yee Siu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Peter Kok-Ting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Karen Kar-Loen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Annie Nga-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hextan Yuen-Sheung Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
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Bing T, Zhang N, Shangguan D. Cell-SELEX, an Effective Way to the Discovery of Biomarkers and Unexpected Molecular Events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900193. [PMID: 32648677 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-SELEX can not only generate aptamers for specific cell isolation/detection, diagnosis, and therapy, but also lead to the discovery of biomarkers and unexpected molecular events. However, most cell-SELEX research is concentrated on aptamer generation and applications. In this progress report, recent research progress with cell-SELEX in terms of the discovery of biomarkers and unexpected molecular events is highlighted. In particular, the key technical challenges for cell-SELEX-based biomarker discovery, namely, the methods for identification and validation of target proteins of aptamers, are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of the applications of cell-SELEX in this field now and in the near future are described. It is expected that this report will attract attention to the benefit of cell-SELEX and provide a practical reference for biomedical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Mii S, Enomoto A, Shiraki Y, Taki T, Murakumo Y, Takahashi M. CD109: a multifunctional GPI‐anchored protein with key roles in tumor progression and physiological homeostasis. Pathol Int 2019; 69:249-259. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Mii
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and CancerNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Tetsuro Taki
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and CancerNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
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Kim SY, Choi KU, Hwang C, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Shin DH, Kim JY, Sol MY, Kim JH, Kim KH, Suh DS, Kwon BS. Prognostic Significance of CD109 Expression in Patients with Ovarian Epithelial Cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:244-252. [PMID: 31316041 PMCID: PMC6639710 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC) is the second-most common gynecologic malignancy. CD109 expression is elevated in human tumor cell lines and carcinomas. A previous study showed that CD109 expression is elevated in human tumor cell lines and CD109 plays a role in cancer progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether CD109 is expressed in OEC and can be useful in predicting the prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for CD109 and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. Then we compared CD109 expression and chemoresistance, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival of OEC patients. Chemoresistance was evaluated by dividing into good-response group and poor-response group by the time to recurrence after chemotherapy. Results CD109 expression was associated with overall survival (p = .020), but not recurrence-free survival (p = .290). CD109 expression was not an independent risk factor for overall survival due to its reliability (hazard ratio, 1.58; p = .160; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 3.05), although we found that CD109 positivity was related to chemoresistance. The poor-response group showed higher rates of CD109 expression than the good-response group (93.8% vs 66.7%, p = .047). Also, the CD109 mRNA expression level was 2.88 times higher in the poor-response group as compared to the good-response group (p = .001). Conclusions Examining the CD109 expression in patients with OEC may be helpful in predicting survival and chemotherapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chungsu Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Mee Young Sol
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Suppression of skin tumorigenesis in CD109-deficient mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82836-82850. [PMID: 27756876 PMCID: PMC5347736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is highly expressed in several types of human cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinomas. We previously reported that CD109-deficient mice exhibit epidermal hyperplasia and chronic skin inflammation. Although we found that CD109 regulates differentiation of keratinocytes in vivo, the function of CD109 in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of CD109 in skin tumorigenesis using a two-stage carcinogenesis model in CD109-deficient mice with chronic skin inflammation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a higher level of TGF-β protein expression in the dermis of CD109-deficient mice than in that of wild-type mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis showed that Smad2 phosphorylation and Nrf2 expression were enhanced in primary keratinocytes from CD109-deficient mice compared with in those from wild-type mice. Although no significant difference was found in conversion rates from papilloma to carcinoma between wild-type and CD109-deficient mice in the carcinogenesis model, we observed fewer and smaller papillomas in CD109-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Apoptosis and DNA damage marker levels were significantly reduced in CD109-deficient skin compared with in wild-type skin at 24 h after 7, 12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene treatment. Furthermore, mutation-specific PCR revealed that the mutation frequency of the H-ras gene was less in CD109-deficient skin than in wild-type skin in this model. These results suggest that CD109 deficiency suppresses skin tumorigenesis by enhancing TGF-β/Smad/Nrf2 pathway activity and decreasing the mutation frequency of the H-ras gene.
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Jia W, Ren C, Wang L, Zhu B, Jia W, Gao M, Zeng F, Zeng L, Xia X, Zhang X, Fu T, Li S, Du C, Jiang X, Chen Y, Tan W, Zhao Z, Liu W. CD109 is identified as a potential nasopharyngeal carcinoma biomarker using aptamer selected by cell-SELEX. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55328-55342. [PMID: 27419372 PMCID: PMC5342420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most prevailing cancers in southern China and southern Asia. Because of the nonspecific symptoms and lack of effective biomarker, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor 5-year survival rate. To identify a novel NPC biomarker facilitating early detection and effective therapy of NPC, a two-step strategy consisting of cancer cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (cell-SELEX) procedure and aptamer-based purification approach was developed. Using cell-SELEX procedure, four aptamers (S3, S5, S12 and S27) differentiating the molecular differences between NPC cells and NP cells were successfully screened. Then, using aptamer-based protein purification, membrane protein CD109 was identified as the target of aptamer S3. CD109 protein was further identified to be over-expressed in NPC cell lines and clinic tissues, but not or low in NP cell line and clinic NP tissues, detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments. Our study demonstrated that CD109 identified by cell-SELEX and aptamer-based purification strategy might be used as a potential NPC biomarker for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Menghui Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Can Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Hepatobiliary & Enteric Surgery Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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Shiraki Y, Mii S, Enomoto A, Momota H, Han YP, Kato T, Ushida K, Kato A, Asai N, Murakumo Y, Aoki K, Suzuki H, Ohka F, Wakabayashi T, Todo T, Ogawa S, Natsume A, Takahashi M. Significance of perivascular tumour cells defined by CD109 expression in progression of glioma. J Pathol 2017; 243:468-480. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momota
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Fumiharu Ohka
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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13
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Soluble CD109 binds TGF-β and antagonizes TGF-β signalling and responses. Biochem J 2015; 473:537-47. [PMID: 26621871 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine implicated in many diseases, including tissue fibrosis and cancer. TGF-β mediates diverse biological responses by signalling through type I and II TGF-β receptors (TβRI and TβRII). We have previously identified CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, as a novel TGF-β co-receptor that negatively regulates TGF-β signalling and responses and demonstrated that membrane-anchored CD109 promotes TGF-β receptor degradation via a SMAD7/Smurf2-mediated mechanism. To determine whether CD109 released from the cell surface (soluble CD109 or sCD109) also acts as a TGF-β antagonist, we determined the efficacy of recombinant sCD109 to interact with TGF-β and inhibit TGF-β signalling and responses. Our results demonstrate that sCD109 binds TGF-β with high affinity as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and cell-based radioligand binding and affinity labelling competition assays. SPR detected slow dissociation kinetics between sCD109 and TGF-β at low concentrations, indicating a stable and effective interaction. In addition, sCD109 antagonizes TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, transcription and cell migration. Together, our results suggest that sCD109 can bind TGF-β, inhibit TGF-β binding to its receptors and decrease TGF-β signalling and TGF-β-induced cellular responses.
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14
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Makarenkova HP, Dartt DA. Myoepithelial Cells: Their Origin and Function in Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis, Homeostasis, and Repair. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 1:115-123. [PMID: 26688786 PMCID: PMC4683023 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-015-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine tubuloacinar gland that secretes the aqueous layer of the tear film. LG epithelium is composed of ductal, acinar, and myoepithelial cells (MECs) bordering the basal lamina and separating the epithelial layer from the extracellular matrix. Mature MECs have contractile ability and morphologically resemble smooth muscle cells; however, they exhibit features typical for epithelial cells, such as the presence of specific cytokeratin filaments. Increasing evidence supports the assertion that myoepithelial cells (MECs) play key roles in the lacrimal gland development, homeostasis, and stabilizing the normal structure and polarity of LG secretory acini. MECs take part in the formation of extracellular matrix gland and participate in signal exchange between epithelium and stroma. MECs have a high level of plasticity and are able to differentiate into several cell lineages. Here, we provide a review on some of the MEC characteristics and their role in LG morphogenesis, maintenance, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P. Makarenkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Yazzie N, Salazar KA, Castillo MG. Identification, molecular characterization, and gene expression analysis of a CD109 molecule in the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:342-55. [PMID: 25742727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
All organisms have unique immune systems that help them identify and eliminate invading microorganisms. A group of evolutionary ancient molecules, the thioester-containing proteins (TEP) superfamily, are known to play an important immune role by aiding animal hosts in the recognition, destruction, and elimination of hazardous microorganisms and their products. Our laboratory focuses on studying the role of the immune system in the mutualistic relationship between the sepiolid squid, Euprymna scolopes and its bioluminescent symbiont Vibrio fischeri. In the present study, we report the identification of a novel TEP-like transcript expressed in the light organ of squid. Characterization of the full-length coding sequence showed a molecule of 4218 nucleotides, corresponding to 1406 amino acids. Further sequence analysis revealed it contained structural characteristics of A2M molecules, including the thioester and receptor-binding domains. Analysis using the predicted amino acid sequence suggested this transcript was a homologue of CD109 molecules, thus we named it E. scolopes-CD109 (Es-CD109). In addition to the light organ, we were able to detect and amplify Es-CD109 in 12 out of 14 adult squid tissues tested. Quantification experiments showed that Es-CD109 expression levels were significantly lower in the light organ of symbiotic compared to aposymbiotic juveniles, suggesting a possible down-regulation of the host immune response in the presence of the bacterial symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yazzie
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, MSC 3AF, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Karla A Salazar
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, MSC 3AF, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Maria G Castillo
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, MSC 3AF, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
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16
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Bätz T, Förster D, Luschnig S. The transmembrane protein Macroglobulin complement-related is essential for septate junction formation and epithelial barrier function in Drosophila. Development 2014; 141:899-908. [PMID: 24496626 DOI: 10.1242/dev.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Occluding cell-cell junctions in epithelia form physical barriers that separate different membrane domains, restrict paracellular diffusion and prevent pathogens from spreading across tissues. In invertebrates, these functions are provided by septate junctions (SJs), the functional equivalent of vertebrate tight junctions. How the diverse functions of SJs are integrated and modulated in a multiprotein complex is not clear, and many SJ components are still unknown. Here we report the identification of Macroglobulin complement-related (Mcr), a member of the conserved α-2-macroglobulin (α2M) complement protein family, as a novel SJ-associated protein in Drosophila. Whereas α2M complement proteins are generally known as secreted factors that bind to surfaces of pathogens and target them for phagocytic uptake, Mcr represents an unusual α2M protein with a predicted transmembrane domain. We show that Mcr protein localizes to lateral membranes of epithelial cells, where its distribution overlaps with SJs. Several SJ components are required for the correct localization of Mcr. Conversely, Mcr is required in a cell-autonomous fashion for the correct membrane localization of SJ components, indicating that membrane-bound rather than secreted Mcr isoforms are involved in SJ formation. Finally, we show that loss of Mcr function leads to morphological, ultrastructural and epithelial barrier defects resembling mutants lacking SJ components. Our results, along with previous findings on the role of Mcr in phagocytosis, suggest that Mcr plays dual roles in epithelial barrier formation and innate immunity. Thus, Mcr represents a novel paradigm for investigating functional links between occluding junction formation and pathogen defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Bätz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and PhD Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Sakakura H, Murakumo Y, Mii S, Hagiwara S, Kato T, Asai M, Hoshino A, Yamamoto N, Sobue S, Ichihara M, Ueda M, Takahashi M. Detection of a soluble form of CD109 in serum of CD109 transgenic and tumor xenografted mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83385. [PMID: 24400073 PMCID: PMC3882221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein, is expressed at high levels in some human tumors including squamous cell carcinomas. As CD109 is reportedly cleaved by furin and its soluble form is secreted into culture medium in vitro, we hypothesized that CD109 could serve as a tumor marker in vivo. In this study, we investigated CD109 as a novel serum tumor marker using transgenic mice that overexpress mouse CD109 (mCD109-TG mice) and tumor xenografted mice inoculated with human CD109 (hCD109)-overexpressing HEK293 cells. In sera and urine of mCD109-TG mice, mCD109 was detected using western blotting. In xenografted mice, hCD109 secreted from inoculated tumors was detected in sera, using western blotting and CD109 ELISA. Concentrations of tumor-secreted CD109 increased proportionally as tumors enlarged. Concentrations of secreted CD109 decreased notably by 17 h after tumor resection, and became undetectable 48 h after resection. The half-life of tumor-secreted CD109 was about 5.86±0.17 h. These results indicate that CD109 is present in serum as a soluble form, and suggest its potential as a novel tumor marker in patients with cancers that express CD109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sakakura
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hagiwara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sobue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Argyris PP, Gopalakrishnan R, Pambuccian SE, Tosios KI, Koutlas IG. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the upper lip with metachronous myoepithelioma of the buccal mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 117:e441-8. [PMID: 24268388 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Examples of multiple minor salivary gland tumors, synchronous or metachronous, are uncommon. We report a patient who initially presented with polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and subsequently with myoepithelioma. A 91-year-old white woman presented in 2009 with a 1-cm, firm, nontender, well-circumscribed nodule of the left side of the upper lip extending to the anterior buccal mucosa. Excisional biopsy revealed PLGA. While the margins were positive, further treatment was not recommended due to the patient's age. In 2011, the patient returned with a 1.5-cm, asymptomatic mass of the left buccal vestibule. Excision of the lesion revealed a circumscribed proliferation of epithelioid and plasmacytoid cells arranged in spherical or whorl-like islands and immersed in a mucinous stroma, consistent with myoepithelioma. The PLGA recurred 3 years after initial diagnosis. Excision was again associated with positive margins, and again no further treatment was recommended. A few months later, at a scheduled follow-up appointment, she presented with a painless nodule of the left upper lip, consistent with recurrent PLGA. One month later, the patient died of unrelated causes. We also present a literature review of multiple minor salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios P Argyris
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stefan E Pambuccian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Fairview-University Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Koutlas
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Sailer V, Stephan C, Wernert N, Perner S, Jung K, Dietel M, Kristiansen G. Comparison of p40 (ΔNp63) and p63 expression in prostate tissues--which one is the superior diagnostic marker for basal cells? Histopathology 2013; 63:50-6. [PMID: 23668398 DOI: 10.1111/his.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS p63 is one of the standard markers for basal cells of the prostate gland. Recently, it has been suggested that the p63 isoform p40 might be more specific as a basal cell marker. In this study we compare the staining characteristics of p63 and p40 in normal and malignant prostate tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS A prostatectomy cohort (n = 640) in tissue microarray format was evaluated for p63 (clone 4A4) and for p40 (rabbit polyclonal) immunoreactivity in malignant and normal tissues. Immunoreactivity of basal and secretory cells was evaluated in a semiquantitative manner and compared case-wise. In normal tissues, p40 showed highly similar immunoreactivity compared to p63. The staining patterns were absolutely identical in 88% of cases. Additional cytoplasmic p40 staining in tumour cells occurred in 59.6% of cancer cases. Differences were seen in nuclear staining of carcinomas: 1.4% of carcinomas were p63-positive, whereas 0.6% were p40-positive. CONCLUSIONS In most cases, p40 stains prostatic basal cells as reliably as p63, with only minor differences. Aberrant staining of tumour cells is seen more rarely than with p63 (clone 4A4), establishing its higher specificity. However, additional cytoplasmic immunoreactivity narrows its eligibility for antibody cocktails (e.g. with alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sailer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Wang Y, Inger M, Jiang H, Tenenbaum H, Glogauer M. CD109 plays a role in osteoclastogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61213. [PMID: 23593435 PMCID: PMC3625217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that arise from the fusion of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Osteoclastogenesis is mediated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and involves a complex multistep process that requires numerous other elements, many of which remain undefined. The primary aim of this project was to identify novel factors which regulate osteoclastogenesis. To carry out this investigation, microarray analysis was performed comparing two pre-osteoclast cell lines generated from RAW264.7 macrophages: one that has the capacity to fuse forming large multinucleated cells and one that does not fuse. It was found that CD109 was up-regulated by>17-fold in the osteoclast forming cell line when compared to the cell line that does not fuse, at day 2 of the differentiation process. Results obtained with microarray were confirmed by RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses in the two cell lines, in the parental RAW264.7 cell line, as well as primary murine monocytes from bone marrow. A significant increase of CD109 mRNA and protein expression during osteoclastogenesis occurred in all tested cell types. In order to characterize the role of CD109 in osteoclastogenesis, CD109 stable knockdown cell lines were established and fusion of osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts was assessed. It was found that CD109 knockdown cell lines were less capable of forming large multinucleated osteoclasts. It has been shown here that CD109 is expressed in monocytes undergoing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, when CD109 expression is suppressed in vitro, osteoclast formation decreases. This suggests that CD109 might be an important regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Further research is needed in order to characterize the role played by CD109 in regulation of osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maayan Inger
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Tenenbaum
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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21
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Human platelet antigen genotyping and expression of CD109 (human platelet antigen 15) mRNA in various human cell types. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:946403. [PMID: 23509816 PMCID: PMC3583088 DOI: 10.1155/2013/946403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CD109 gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein found in a subset of platelets and endothelial cell, and human platelet antigen (HPA) 15 is found on CD109. We evaluated the HPA genotype and/or the CD109 mRNA expression on two peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), two peripheral bloods (PB), 12 granulocyte products, natural killer (NK)-92, B-lymphocyte (CO88BV59-1), K-562 leukemia cell line, human embryonic stem cell (hESC), and human fibroblasts (HF). HPA genotyping was performed by SNaPshot assay and CD109 mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR with SYBR green and melting curve analysis. Genotype HPA-15a/-15a was found in PBSC#1 and two granulocyte products, and HPA-15a/-15b was found in PBSC#2, eight granulocyte products, NK-92, K-562, hESC, and HF, and HPA-15b/-15b was found in two granulocyte products. CD109 mRNA expression was highly increased in HF and increased in CD34+ and CD34- PBSCs and some granulocyte products, compared to the PB. However, the increase of expression level varied among the PBSC and granulocyte products. The CD109 mRNA expression of NK-92, K-562, hESC, and CO 88BV59-1 was not detected. HPA genotype was evaluated in various cells and the expression of CD109, which contains HPA 15, was different among cell lines and high in HF and PBSCs.
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22
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Jakobiec FA, Zakka FR, Perry LP. The cytologic composition of dacryops: an immunohistochemical investigation of 15 lesions compared to the normal lacrimal gland. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155:380-396.e1. [PMID: 23114708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the cytologic composition of the double-layered epithelial lining of dacryops (lacrimal duct cyst), improve histopathologic diagnosis, and better understand pathogenesis. DESIGN Clinicopathologic retrospective study with immunohistochemical studies of 15 lesions compared with normal lacrimal gland. METHODS Clinical data from 14 patients were reviewed and microscopy was performed with routine stains and immunohistochemical probes for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and smooth muscle actin (SMA). RESULTS The major lacrimal gland was involved in 13 lesions; 2 lesions arose in an accessory gland of Krause. One case was bilateral; the average age of the patients was 50.7 years. Neither visual acuity nor motility was disturbed. No lesion was discovered to have recurred after excision. Microscopically, in all dacryops specimens goblet cells and luminal pseudoapocrine apical cytoplasmic projections were identified. Lacrimal acinar cells immunoreacted with GCDFP-15 and CK7, whereas the normal ducts and the epithelium of the dacryops lesions reacted diffusely only with CK7. SMA-positive myoepithelial cells were found in the acini but not in the normal ducts or dacryops epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Negative GCDFP-15 staining ruled out apocrine metaplasia in dacryops. Normal ducts and dacryops showed no immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of myoepithelial cells. Pathogenetic theories of dacryops that implicate a failure of ductular "neuromuscular" contractility must therefore be revised. A dysfunction of the rich neural plexus around the ductules may play a role in the development of dacryops in conjunction with periductular inflammation and induced scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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23
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Mii S, Murakumo Y, Asai N, Jijiwa M, Hagiwara S, Kato T, Asai M, Enomoto A, Ushida K, Sobue S, Ichihara M, Takahashi M. Epidermal hyperplasia and appendage abnormalities in mice lacking CD109. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1180-9. [PMID: 22846721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein, is highly expressed in several types of human cancer tissues, in particular, squamous cell carcinomas. In normal human tissues, human CD109 expression is limited to certain cell types including myoepithelial cells of the mammary, lacrimal, salivary, and bronchial glands and basal cells of the prostate and bronchial epithelium. Although CD109 has been reported to negatively regulate transforming growth factor-β signaling in keratinocytes in vitro, its physiologic role in vivo remains largely unknown. To investigate the function of CD109 in vivo, we generated CD109-deficient (CD109(-/-)) mice. Although CD109(-/-) mice were born normally, transient impairment of hair growth was observed. At histologic analysis, kinked hair shafts, ectatic hair follicles with an accumulation of sebum, and persistent hyperplasia of the epidermis and sebaceous glands were observed in CD109(-/-) mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed thickening of the basal and suprabasal layers in the epidermis of CD109(-/-) mice, which is where endogenous CD109 is expressed in wild-type mice. Although CD109 was reported to negatively regulate transforming growth factor-β signaling, no significant difference in levels of Smad2 phosphorylation was observed in the epidermis between wild-type and CD109(-/-) mice. Instead, Stat3 phosphorylation levels were significantly elevated in the epidermis of CD109(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that CD109 regulates differentiation of keratinocytes via a signaling pathway involving Stat3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Bizet AA, Tran-Khanh N, Saksena A, Liu K, Buschmann MD, Philip A. CD109-mediated degradation of TGF-β receptors and inhibition of TGF-β responses involve regulation of SMAD7 and Smurf2 localization and function. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:238-46. [PMID: 21898545 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with several diseases such as cancer and tissue fibrosis. TGF-β signals through two transmembrane proteins known as the type I (TGFBR1) and type II (TGFBR2) receptors. The levels of these receptors at the cell surface are tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including degradation following recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor (Smurf) 2 by SMAD7. In addition, TGF-β co-receptors can modulate TGF-β signaling receptor activity in a cell-specific manner. We have previously identified a novel TGF-β co-receptor, CD109, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that negatively regulates TGF-β signaling. Despite CD109's potential relevance as a regulator of TGF-β action in vivo, the mechanisms by which CD109 regulates TGF-β signaling are still incompletely understood. Previously, we have shown that CD109 downregulates TGF-β signaling by promoting TGF-β receptor localization into the lipid raft/caveolae compartment and by enhancing TGF-β receptor degradation. Here, we demonstrate that CD109 enhances SMAD7/Smurf2-mediated degradation of TGFBR1 in a ligand-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that CD109 regulates the localization and the association of SMAD7/Smurf2 with TGFBR1. Finally, we demonstrate that CD109's inhibitory effect on TGF-β signaling and responses require SMAD7 expression and Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that CD109 is an important regulator of SMAD7/Smurf2-mediated degradation of TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane A Bizet
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Man XY, Finnson KW, Baron M, Philip A. CD109, a TGF-β co-receptor, attenuates extracellular matrix production in scleroderma skin fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R144. [PMID: 22694813 PMCID: PMC3446527 DOI: 10.1186/ar3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SSc fibrosis. We have previously identified CD109 as a novel TGF-β co-receptor that inhibits TGF-β signaling. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of CD109 in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) production in human SSc skin fibroblasts. Methods CD109 expression was determined in skin tissue and cultured skin fibroblasts of SSc patients and normal healthy subjects, using immunofluorescence, western blot and RT-PCR. The effect of CD109 on ECM synthesis was determined by blocking CD109 expression using CD109-specific siRNA or addition of recombinant CD109 protein, and analyzing the expression of ECM components by western blot. Results The expression of CD109 proteinis markedly increased in SSc skin tissue in vivo and in SSc skin fibroblasts in vitro as compared to their normal counterparts. Importantly, both SSc and normal skin fibroblasts transfected with CD109-specific siRNA display increased fibronectin, collagen type I and CCN2 protein levels and enhanced Smad2/3 phosphorylation compared with control siRNA transfectants. Furthermore, addition of recombinant CD109 protein decreases TGF-β1-induced fibronectin, collagen type I and CCN2 levels in SSc and normal fibroblasts. Conclusion The upregulation of CD109 protein in SSc may represent an adaptation or consequence of aberrant TGF-β signaling in SSc. Our finding that CD109 is able to decrease excessive ECM production in SSc fibroblasts suggest that this molecule has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Man
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, H3G 1A4,Canada
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Dewar R, Fadare O, Gilmore H, Gown AM. Best practices in diagnostic immunohistochemistry: myoepithelial markers in breast pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135:422-9. [PMID: 21466356 DOI: 10.5858/2010-0336-cp.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Numerous immunohistochemical stains have been shown to exhibit exclusive or preferential positivity in breast myoepithelial cells relative to their luminal/epithelial counterparts. These myoepithelial markers provide invaluable assistance in accurately classifying breast proliferations, especially in core biopsies. Although numerous myoepithelial markers are available, they differ in their sensitivity, specificity, and ease of interpretation, which may be attributed, to a large extent, to the variable immunoreactivity of these markers in stromal cells including myofibroblasts, vessels, luminal/epithelial cells, and tumor cells. OBJECTIVE To review commonly used myoepithelial markers in breast pathology and a selection of diagnostic scenarios where they may be useful. DATA SOURCES The information outlined in this review article is based on our experiences with routine cases and a review of English-language articles published between 1987 and 2008. CONCLUSIONS To demonstrate the presence or absence of myoepithelial cells, a panel-based approach of 2 or more markers is recommended. Markers that most effectively combine sensitivity, specificity, and ease of interpretation include smooth muscle myosin heavy chains, calponin, p75, p63, P-cadherin, basal cytokeratins, maspin, and CD10. These markers, however, display varying cross-reactivity patterns and variably reduced expression in the myoepithelial cells bordering in situ carcinomas. The choice of a myoepithelial marker should be dependent on a combination of factors, including published evidence on its diagnostic utility, its availability, performance characteristics that have been achieved in a given laboratory, and the specific diagnostic scenario. When its use is deemed necessary, immunohistochemistry for myoepithelial cells in breast pathology is most effective when conceptualized as supplemental, rather than central to routine morphologic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Dewar
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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The TGF-β co-receptor, CD109, promotes internalization and degradation of TGF-β receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:742-53. [PMID: 21295082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is implicated in numerous pathological disorders, including cancer and mediates a broad range of biological responses by signaling through the type I and II TGF-β receptors. Internalization of these receptors via the clathrin-coated pits pathway facilitates SMAD-mediated signaling, whereas internalization via the caveolae pathway is associated with receptor degradation. Thus, molecules that modulate receptor endocytosis are likely to play a critical role in regulating TGF-β action. We previously identified CD109, a GPI-anchored protein, as a TGF-β co-receptor and a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Here, we demonstrate that CD109 associates with caveolin-1, a major component of the caveolae. Moreover, CD109 increases binding of TGF-β to its receptors and enhances their internalization via the caveolae. In addition, CD109 promotes localization of the TGF-β receptors into the caveolar compartment in the presence of ligand and facilitates TGF-β-receptor degradation. Thus, CD109 regulates TGF-β receptor endocytosis and degradation to inhibit TGF-β signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:157-67. [PMID: 21076464 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a variety of entities with distinct morphological features and clinical behaviors. Although morphology is often associated with the pattern of molecular aberrations in breast cancers, it is also clear that tumors of the same histological type show remarkably different clinical behavior. This is particularly true for 'basal-like cancer', which is an entity defined using gene expression analysis. The purpose of this article was to review the current state of knowledge of basal-like breast cancers, to discuss the relationship between basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers, and to clarify practical implications of these diagnoses for pathologists and oncologists.
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Hagikura M, Murakumo Y, Hasegawa M, Jijiwa M, Hagiwara S, Mii S, Hagikura S, Matsukawa Y, Yoshino Y, Hattori R, Wakai K, Nakamura S, Gotoh M, Takahashi M. Correlation of pathological grade and tumor stage of urothelial carcinomas with CD109 expression. Pathol Int 2010; 60:735-43. [PMID: 20946523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases. Since a high-rate of recurrence is a serious problem for early stage urothelial carcinomas, new strategies for the management of recurrent urothelial carcinomas have been explored. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein and is expressed in various cancer tissues, mainly squamous cell carcinomas. CD109 negatively controls transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the clinical significance of CD109 expression in bladder cancer using immunohistochemistry. Of 156 urothelial carcinoma tissues, 69.9% were positive for CD109, whereas CD109 was not expressed in seven normal bladder epithelia. CD109 expression was significantly higher in non-muscle-invasive (pTa+pT1) or low-grade (G1+G2) tumors than in muscle-invasive (pT2-4) or high-grade (G3) tumors, and was associated with cancer-specific survival. Simultaneous immunostaining of CD109 and phosphorylated Smad2 showed an inverse immunoreactivity relationship between the two, suggesting that CD109 inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling in tumor tissues. Interestingly, CD109 was found to be highly expressed in the basal layer of non-invasive urothelial carcinomas, and the expression pattern was similar to that of CD44, a marker of cancer stem cells. These findings suggest that CD109 is involved in bladder tumorigenesis and is a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Hagikura
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Lee J, Lee E, Kwon D, Lim Y, Oh S, Oh M, Hong E. Up-regulation of cancer-related genes in HepG2 cells by TCDD requires PRMT I and IV. Mol Cell Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-010-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hagiwara S, Murakumo Y, Mii S, Shigetomi T, Yamamoto N, Furue H, Ueda M, Takahashi M. Processing of CD109 by furin and its role in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling. Oncogene 2010; 29:2181-91. [PMID: 20101215 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein, whose expression is upregulated in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, esophagus, uterus and oral cavity. CD109 negatively regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling in keratinocytes by directly modulating receptor activity. In this study, we further characterized CD109 regulation of TGF-beta signaling and cell proliferation. We found that CD109 is produced as a 205 kDa glycoprotein, which is then processed in the Golgi apparatus into 180 kDa and 25 kDa proteins by furin (furinase). 180 kDa CD109 associated with GPI-anchored 25 kDa CD109 on the cell surface and was also secreted into the culture medium. To investigate whether furinase cleavage of CD109 is necessary for its biological activity, we mutated arginine 1273 in the CD109 furinase cleavage motif (amino acid 1270-RRRR-1273) to serine (R1273S). Interestingly, CD109 R1273S neither significantly impaired TGF-beta signaling nor affected TGF-beta-mediated suppression of cell growth, although it was expressed on the cell surface as a 205 kDa protein. Consistent with this finding, the 180 kDa and 25 kDa CD109 complex, but not CD109 R1273S, associated with the type I TGF-beta receptor. These findings indicate that processing of CD109 into 180 kDa and 25 kDa proteins by furin, followed by complex formation with the type I TGF-beta receptor is required for the regulation of TGF-beta signaling in cancer cells and keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hagiwara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Moriya T, Kozuka Y, Kanomata N, Tse GM, Tan PH. The role of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Pathology 2009; 41:68-76. [DOI: 10.1080/00313020802563544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hagiwara S, Murakumo Y, Sato T, Shigetomi T, Mitsudo K, Tohnai I, Ueda M, Takahashi M. Up-regulation of CD109 expression is associated with carcinogenesis of the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1916-23. [PMID: 19016750 PMCID: PMC11158220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein whose expression is up-regulated in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the lung, esophagus, and uterus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CD109 expression in oral tumors, including premalignant lesions, and to assess the clinical application of CD109 in oral cancer. CD109 expression in oral normal and tumor tissues from 124 patients was examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD109 antibody, and significant relations between clinical features and CD109 expression were statistically assessed. We found that high levels of CD109 expression were frequently detected in SCCs and premalignant lesions of the oral cavity, but not in normal squamous epithelia. The CD109 expression level was higher in well-differentiated SCCs than in poorly differentiated SCCs. Furthermore, premalignant lesions highly expressing CD109 showed higher risk to progress to SCCs. Oral SCC cell lines overexpressing CD109 exhibited accelerated cell growth in vitro compared with control cell lines. In addition, overexpression of CD109 impaired the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-mediated suppression of cell growth. These findings suggest that CD109 plays a role in the development of oral cancers, and is a useful prognostic marker to predict malignant transformation of premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Hagiwara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Hasegawa M, Moritani S, Murakumo Y, Sato T, Hagiwara S, Suzuki C, Mii S, Jijiwa M, Enomoto A, Asai N, Ichihara S, Takahashi M. CD109 expression in basal-like breast carcinoma. Pathol Int 2008; 58:288-94. [PMID: 18429827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer can be classified into several subtypes based on gene expression profiling. Basal-like breast carcinoma (BLC) has a triple negative phenotype, that is, the subtype lacks the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It has been recently reported that CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein, is a new breast myoepithelial marker. In the present study CD109 expression was investigated in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast on immunohistochemistry. Eighty-eight formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma sections were immunostained with anti-CD109, anti-cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), anti-calponin, anti-vimentin and anti-p63 antibodies. CD109 expression was detected in 18 of 30 basal-like breast carcinomas (BLC) but not in other types of 53 IDC (non-BLC) that were positive for ER, PgR and/or HER2. The percentage of CD109-positive tissues (60%) in BLC was similar to that of CK5/6 (63%) and higher than that of other myoepithelial markers including p63 (23%), calponin (33%) and vimentin (33%). Statistical analysis indicated that the CD109-positive group in BLC, but not the CK5/6-positive group in BLC, was associated with reduced fat invasion (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that CD109 is a useful diagnostic marker for BLC and that CD109 expression may affect biological properties of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sato T, Murakumo Y, Hagiwara S, Jijiwa M, Suzuki C, Yatabe Y, Takahashi M. High-level expression of CD109 is frequently detected in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Pathol Int 2007; 57:719-24. [PMID: 17922683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein, which is a member of the alpha2-macroglobulin/C3, C4, C5 family of thioester-containing proteins. It has been reported that CD109 is expressed in a subset of hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells and several kinds of human tumors. Herein it is reported that the CD109 protein is preferentially expressed in lung squamous cell carcinomas compared with other types of lung carcinoma including adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected lung specimens using an anti-CD109 antibody detected CD109 expression in basal cells of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia and myoepithelial cells of bronchial secretary glands, but not in bronchial and bronchiolar apical epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, the CD109 immunoreactivity was observed in squamous cell carcinomas at a high frequency compared with other types of lung carcinoma. Although the detailed function of CD109 protein is unclear, these results suggest that CD109 expression may play a role in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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