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Cheng C, Lin J, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Association between dietary zinc intake and asthma in overweight or obese children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100900. [PMID: 38681980 PMCID: PMC11053303 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma, characterized by recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, is a major health concern among children and adolescents worldwide, currently affecting more than 5 million children. The increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight among the pediatric population has made the issue of childhood respiratory health more complex. Compared with children of healthy weight, the risk of asthma is higher in overweight and obese children. Zinc, a nutrient that regulates the oxidant-antioxidant balance, has been studied for its potential protective effects against asthma in adults and children. However, the results are controversial, with some studies reporting a beneficial effect and others showing no effect. Therefore, our objective was to assess the correlation between zinc intake from diet and asthma occurrence among children and adolescents who are overweight or obese. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2020) provided data on individuals aged ≤20 who were overweight or obese, had asthma, and consumed zinc in their diet. The association between dietary zinc and asthma was evaluated using a variety of statistical methods, including multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results A total of 4597 pediatrics and adolescents were enrolled, with 20.9% (963/4597) suffering from asthma. After adjusting for all covariates in the multivariate logistic regression, compared with the lowest zinc intake group Q1(≤5.68 mg/day), the adjusted OR values for zinc intake and asthma in Q2 (5.69-8.36 mg/day), Q3 (8.37-11.95 mg/day), and Q4 (≥11.96 mg/day) were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.98, p = 0.03), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.6∼0.98, p = 0.032), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53∼0.95, p = 0.022), respectively. Stratified analysis showed no interactive role for dietary zinc intake and asthma in overweight or obese children and adolescents. Conclusions Dietary zinc intake is inversely associated with asthma in overweight or obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Cheng
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Liu X, Ali MK, Dua K, Xu R. The Role of Zinc in the Pathogenesis of Lung Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102115. [PMID: 35631256 PMCID: PMC9143957 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. They contribute to substantial economic burdens on society and individuals. Currently, only a few treatments are available to slow the development and progression of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need to develop effective therapies to improve quality of life and limit healthcare costs. An increasing body of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that altered zinc and its regulatory protein levels in the systemic circulation and in the lungs are associated with these disease’s development and progression. Zinc plays a crucial role in human enzyme activity, making it an essential trace element. As a cofactor in metalloenzymes and metalloproteins, zinc involves a wide range of biological processes, such as gene transcription, translation, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin and cytokine production in both health and disease. Zinc has gained considerable interest in these lung diseases because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune, and metabolic modulatory properties. Here we highlight the role and mechanisms of zinc in the pathogenesis of asthma, COPD, CF, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-189-4025-8514
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3
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Mineral Micronutrients in Asthma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114001. [PMID: 34836256 PMCID: PMC8625329 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.
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Abdo AI, Tran HB, Hodge S, Beltrame JF, Zalewski PD. Zinc Homeostasis Alters Zinc Transporter Protein Expression in Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2158-2171. [PMID: 32776265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zinc is an important essential micronutrient with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in humans. The role of zinc in signalling has been characterized in the nervous, endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal and reproductive systems. Relatively little is known regarding its role in the vascular system, but the role of zinc homeostasis in augmenting vascular health and vasorelaxation is emerging. Zinc transport proteins are integral to the protective function of zinc, but knowledge of their expression in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells is lacking. METHODOLOGY Human coronary artery endothelial cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were assessed for gene expression (RT-PCR) of SLC39A (ZIP), SLC30A (ZnT) and metallothionein (MT) families of Zn transporters and storage proteins. Protein expression (fluorescence confocal microscopy) was then analysed for the proteins of interest that changed mRNA expression: ZIP2, ZIP12, ZnT1, ZnT2 and MT1/2. RESULTS Endothelial and smooth muscle cell mRNA expression of ZnT1, ZnT2 and MT1 was significantly downregulated by low and high Zn conditions, while ZIP2 and ZIP12 expression was induced by Zn depletion with the Zn chelator, TPEN. Changes in gene expression were consistent with protein expression levels for ZIP2, ZIP12 and MT1, where ZIP2 was localized to intracellular bodies and ZIP12 to lamellipodia. CONCLUSION Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells actively regulate specific Zn transport and metallothionein gene and protein expressions to achieve Zn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I Abdo
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Hai Bac Tran
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John F Beltrame
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Peter D Zalewski
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Forte G, Bocca B, Pisano A, Collu C, Farace C, Sabalic A, Senofonte M, Fois AG, Mazzarello VL, Pirina P, Madeddu R. The levels of trace elements in sputum as biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129514. [PMID: 33434828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare lung disease that quickly leads to death. This paper addressed the issue of whether the levels of trace elements in sputum samples are suitable biomarkers for IPF disease. The sputum Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were measured by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in populations sampled in Sardinia Island (Italy) including 31 patients with IPF, 31 patients with other lung-related diseases and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Risk factors in the disease as gender, age, severity and duration of the disease were assessed. Results showed that IPF patients had significantly increased sputum levels of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb respect to controls. In males, but not in females, sputum levels of Cd, Cr and Cu were significantly higher in IPF cases respect to controls. In addition, Cr and Pb were increased in male patients with IPF compared to male patients with other lung diseases. Regarding Zn, it was found higher with the more serious stage of disease. Moreover, the ratios Cu/Zn, Fe/Mn and Cu/Mn were significantly increased in IPF patients and in non-IPF patients than in control subjects. These data showed clear increases in the concentration of some trace elements in sputum from patients with IPF and patients with other lung-related diseases that may contribute to the injury. The non-invasiveness of the sputum analysis is beneficial for its use as biomarker of trace element status in diseased patients for both the researcher and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Collu
- Department of Clinical, Surgical & Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Sabalic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Senofonte
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Clinical, Surgical & Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Suzuki M, Suzuki T, Watanabe M, Hatakeyama S, Kimura S, Nakazono A, Honma A, Nakamaru Y, Vreugde S, Homma A. Role of intracellular zinc in molecular and cellular function in allergic inflammatory diseases. Allergol Int 2021; 70:190-200. [PMID: 33127267 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient in human body and a vital cofactor for the function of numerous proteins encoded by the human genome. Zinc has a critical role in maintaining many biochemical and physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, and multiple organ and systemic levels. The alteration of zinc homeostasis causes dysfunction of many organs and systems. In the immune system, zinc regulates the differentiation, proliferation and function of inflammatory cells, including T cells, eosinophils, and B cells, by modifying several signaling pathways such as NFκB signaling pathways and TCR signals. An adequate zinc level is essential for proper immune responses and decreased zinc levels were reported in many allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Decreased zinc levels often enhance inflammatory activation. On the other hand, the inflammatory conditions alter the intracellular homeostasis of zinc, often decreasing zinc levels. These findings implied that there could be a vicious cycle between zinc deficiency and inflammatory conditions. In this review, we present recent evidence on the involvement of zinc in atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis, with insights into the involvement of zinc in the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms related to these allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shogo Kimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Nakazono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aya Honma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Availability of Zinc Impacts Interactions between Streptococcus sanguinis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Coculture. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00618-19. [PMID: 31685535 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00618-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway infections associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) are polymicrobial. We reported previously that clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa promote the growth of a variety of streptococcal species. To explore the mechanistic basis of this interaction, we performed a genetic screen to identify mutants of Streptococcus sanginuis SK36 whose growth was no longer enhanced by P. aeruginosa PAO1. Mutations in the zinc uptake systems of S. sanguinis SK36 reduced growth of these strains by 1 to 3 logs compared to that of wild-type S. sanguinis SK36 when grown in coculture with P. aeruginosa PAO1, and exogenous zinc (0.1 to 10 μM) rescued the coculture defect of zinc uptake mutants of S. sanguinis SK36. Zinc uptake mutants of S. sanguinis SK36 had no obvious growth defect in monoculture. Consistent with competition for zinc driving coculture dynamics, S. sanguinis SK36 grown in coculture with P. aeruginosa showed increased expression of zinc uptake genes compared to that of S. sanguinis grown alone. Strains of P. aeruginosa PAO1 defective in zinc transport also supported ∼2-fold more growth by S. sanguinis compared to that in coculture with wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1. An analysis of 118 CF sputum samples revealed that total zinc levels varied from ∼5 to 145 μM. At relatively low zinc levels, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus spp. were found in approximately equal abundance; at higher zinc levels, we observed a decline in relative abundance of Streptococcus spp., perhaps as a result of increasing zinc toxicity. Together, our data indicate that the relative abundances of these microbes in the CF airway may be impacted by zinc levels.IMPORTANCE Polymicrobial infections in CF cases likely impact patient health, but the mechanism(s) underlying such interactions is poorly understood. Here, we show using an in vitro model system that interactions between Pseudomonas and Streptococcus are modulated by zinc availability, and clinical data are consistent with this model. Together with previous studies, our work supports a role for metal homeostasis as a key factor driving microbial interactions.
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Stewart AC, Bethel CR, VanPelt J, Bergstrom A, Cheng Z, Miller CG, Williams C, Poth R, Morris M, Lahey O, Nix JC, Tierney DL, Page RC, Crowder MW, Bonomo RA, Fast W. Clinical Variants of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase Are Evolving To Overcome Zinc Scarcity. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:927-940. [PMID: 28965402 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Use and misuse of antibiotics have driven the evolution of serine β-lactamases to better recognize new generations of β-lactam drugs, but the selective pressures driving evolution of metallo-β-lactamases are less clear. Here, we present evidence that New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is evolving to overcome the selective pressure of zinc(II) scarcity. Studies of NDM-1, NDM-4 (M154L), and NDM-12 (M154L, G222D) demonstrate that the point mutant M154L, contained in 50% of clinical NDM variants, selectively enhances resistance to the penam ampicillin at low zinc(II) concentrations relevant to infection sites. Each of the clinical variants is shown to be progressively more thermostable and to bind zinc(II) more tightly than NDM-1, but a selective enhancement of penam turnover at low zinc(II) concentrations indicates that most of the improvement derives from catalysis rather than stability. X-ray crystallography of NDM-4 and NDM-12, as well as bioinorganic spectroscopy of dizinc(II), zinc(II)/cobalt(II), and dicobalt(II) metalloforms probe the mechanism of enhanced resistance and reveal perturbations of the dinuclear metal cluster that underlie improved catalysis. These studies support the proposal that zinc(II) scarcity, rather than changes in antibiotic structure, is driving the evolution of new NDM variants in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesha C. Stewart
- Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and the LaMontagne
Center for Infectious Disease, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher R. Bethel
- Research Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jamie VanPelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Alex Bergstrom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Zishuo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Callie G. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Cameron Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Robert Poth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Matthew Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Olivia Lahey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jay C. Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Beamline 4.2.2, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David L. Tierney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Michael W. Crowder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Research Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Departments
of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry,
Proteomics and Bioinformatics, and the CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center
for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and the LaMontagne
Center for Infectious Disease, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Zinc Supplementation in Children with Asthma Exacerbation. Pediatr Rep 2016; 8:6685. [PMID: 28058103 PMCID: PMC5178847 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2016.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency has demonstrated an association with the risk of asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the severity of childhood asthma exacerbation. A number of 42 children with asthma exacerbation admitted to the hospital were randomized to receive either zinc bis-glycinate (30 mg elemental zinc/day) or a placebo in adjuvant to the standard treatment. The pediatric respiratory assessment measure (PRAM) was used to measure the asthma severity. The primary outcome was a change in asthma severity from the baseline to the end of study. The study found that PRAM score in the zinc group showed a more rapid decrease compared to the control group at the 24-hour (2.2±1.3 vs. 1.2±1.3; P = 0.015) and 48-hour (3.4±2.0 vs. 2.2±1.8; P = 0.042) intervals. At admission, overall mean serum zinc level was 63.8 mg/dL and 57.1% of children had zinc deficiency with no difference in prevalence between groups. PRAM scores did not differ between children with low and normal zinc status. In conclusion, zinc supplementation as the adjuvant therapy to the standard treatment during asthma exacerbation resulted in rapid lessening of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lakkana Rerksuppaphol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University , Thailand
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10
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Yamamoto T, Kida Y, Sakamoto Y, Kuwano K. Mpn491, a secreted nuclease ofMycoplasma pneumoniae, plays a critical role in evading killing by neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kida
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume 830-0011 Japan
| | - Koichi Kuwano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume 830-0011 Japan
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Hamon R, Homan CC, Tran HB, Mukaro VR, Lester SE, Roscioli E, Bosco MD, Murgia CM, Ackland ML, Jersmann HP, Lang C, Zalewski PD, Hodge SJ. Zinc and zinc transporters in macrophages and their roles in efferocytosis in COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110056. [PMID: 25350745 PMCID: PMC4211649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that nutritional zinc restriction exacerbates airway inflammation accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 activation and an accumulation of apoptotic epithelial cells in the bronchioles of the mice. Normally, apoptotic cells are rapidly cleared by macrophage efferocytosis, limiting any secondary necrosis and inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that zinc deficiency is not only pro-apoptotic but also impairs macrophage efferocytosis. Impaired efferocytic clearance of apoptotic epithelial cells by alveolar macrophages occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cigarette-smoking and other lung inflammatory diseases. We now show that zinc is a factor in impaired macrophage efferocytosis in COPD. Concentrations of zinc were significantly reduced in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COPD who were current smokers, compared to healthy controls, smokers or COPD patients not actively smoking. Lavage zinc was positively correlated with AM efferocytosis and there was decreased efferocytosis in macrophages depleted of Zn in vitro by treatment with the membrane-permeable zinc chelator TPEN. Organ and cell Zn homeostasis are mediated by two families of membrane ZIP and ZnT proteins. Macrophages of mice null for ZIP1 had significantly lower intracellular zinc and efferocytosis capability, suggesting ZIP1 may play an important role. We investigated further using the human THP-1 derived macrophage cell line, with and without zinc chelation by TPEN to mimic zinc deficiency. There was no change in ZIP1 mRNA levels by TPEN but a significant 3-fold increase in expression of another influx transporter ZIP2, consistent with a role for ZIP2 in maintaining macrophage Zn levels. Both ZIP1 and ZIP2 proteins were localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in normal human lung alveolar macrophages. We propose that zinc homeostasis in macrophages involves the coordinated action of ZIP1 and ZIP2 transporters responding differently to zinc deficiency signals and that these play important roles in macrophage efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Hamon
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hai B. Tran
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Violet R. Mukaro
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan E. Lester
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mariea D. Bosco
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Leigh Ackland
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hubertus P. Jersmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Lang
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D. Zalewski
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra J. Hodge
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Grieger JA, Wood LG, Clifton VL. Antioxidant-rich dietary intervention for improving asthma control in pregnancies complicated by asthma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:108. [PMID: 24708597 PMCID: PMC3976556 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease to complicate pregnancies worldwide, affecting around 12% of pregnant women in Australia. Oxidative stress and inflammation manifest during pregnancy; however asthma in pregnancies further intensifies oxidative stress. Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has been shown to be beneficial for asthma control in non-pregnant asthmatic adults. It has not been investigated whether antioxidant-rich foods can improve the elevated oxidative stress that occurs with asthma in pregnancy, thereby improving asthma control. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether increased consumption of antioxidant-rich foods for 12 weeks will improve maternal asthma control, compared to standard dietary intake during pregnancy. Methods/design A 12 week, parallel randomized controlled trial will be conducted. One hundred and sixty eight pregnant women with mild, moderate, or severe asthma, currently using inhaled corticosteroids, and with poor diet quality, will be recruited at approximately12 weeks gestation. Following a 4 week run-in period, women will be randomized to either a 12 week antioxidant intervention (increased consumption of antioxidant-rich foods (≥5 servings/day vegetables, ≥2 servings/day fruit, ≥8 ½ servings/day grains (mostly wholegrains), 3–4 serving/week lean meat) or standard pregnancy care. The primary outcome is asthma control score (decrease of 0.5, the minimally clinically significant change). Secondary outcomes include plasma antioxidants, markers of oxidative stress, and time to, and number of, exacerbations. With two-tailed t-tests at 80% power, a sample size of 52 completions per group is required. Allowing for a 78% retention including a 20% removal of women from the analysis due to non-compliance, we will recruit 168 women. Discussion It is expected that this 12 week study will improve asthma control. This is significant because asthma is the most prevalent condition to complicate pregnancies and contributes to poor maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes. Our research will provide the first evidence to show that, in pregnancy, consumption of antioxidant-rich foods is a key modifier of clinical asthma status. This research is crucial for contributing to the evidence base to inform future guidelines given existing clinical and research gaps. Trial registration ACTRN12613000301763
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vicki L Clifton
- Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Adelaide University, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Haydown Road, Elizabeth Vale, SA 5112, Australia.
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Wu W, Bromberg PA, Samet JM. Zinc ions as effectors of environmental oxidative lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:57-69. [PMID: 23747928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The redox-inert transition metal Zn is a micronutrient that plays essential roles in protein structure, catalysis, and regulation of function. Inhalational exposure to ZnO or to soluble Zn salts in occupational and environmental settings leads to adverse health effects, the severity of which appears dependent on the flux of Zn(2+) presented to the airway and alveolar cells. The cellular toxicity of exogenous Zn(2+) exposure is characterized by cellular responses that include mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated production of reactive oxygen species, and loss of signaling quiescence leading to cell death and increased expression of adaptive and inflammatory genes. Central to the molecular effects of Zn(2+) are its interactions with cysteinyl thiols, which alters their functionality by modulating their reactivity and participation in redox reactions. Ongoing studies aimed at elucidating the molecular toxicology of Zn(2+) in the lung are contributing valuable information about its role in redox biology and cellular homeostasis in normal and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health XinXiang Medical University XinXiang, China 453003; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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Shafeeq S, Kuipers OP, Kloosterman TG. The role of zinc in the interplay between pathogenic streptococci and their hosts. Mol Microbiol 2013; 88:1047-57. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7; 9747 AG; Groningen; the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7; 9747 AG; Groningen; the Netherlands
| | - Tomas G. Kloosterman
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7; 9747 AG; Groningen; the Netherlands
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15
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Roscioli E, Hamon R, Lester S, Murgia C, Grant J, Zalewski P. Zinc-rich inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) as regulatory factors in the epithelium of normal and inflamed airways. Biometals 2013; 26:205-27. [PMID: 23460081 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Integrity of the airway epithelium (AE) is important in the context of inhaled allergens and noxious substances, particularly during asthma-related airway inflammation where there is increased vulnerability of the AE to cell death. Apoptosis involves a number of signaling pathways which activate procaspases leading to cleavage of critical substrates. Understanding the factors which regulate AE caspases is important for development of strategies to minimize AE damage and airway inflammation, and therefore to better control asthma. One such factor is the essential dietary metal zinc. Zinc deficiency results in enhanced AE apoptosis, and worsened airway inflammation. This has implications for asthma, where abnormalities in zinc homeostasis have been observed. Zinc is thought to suppress the steps involved in caspase-3 activation. One target of zinc is the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) which are endogenous regulators of caspases. More studies are needed to identify the roles of IAPs in regulating apoptosis in normal and inflamed airways and to study their interaction with labile zinc ions. This new information will provide a framework for future clinical studies aimed at monitoring and management of airway zinc levels as well as minimising airway damage and inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Medicine, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia.
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Knight DA, Yang IA, Ko FWS, Lim TK. Year in review 2011: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and airway biology. Respirology 2012; 17:563-72. [PMID: 22248232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Knight
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Morgan CI, Ledford JR, Zhou P, Page K. Zinc supplementation alters airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to a common allergen. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2011; 8:36. [PMID: 22151973 PMCID: PMC3250936 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Zinc supplementation can modulate immunity through inhibition of NF-κB, a transcription factor that controls many immune response genes. Thus, we sought to examine the mechanism by which zinc supplementation tempers the response to a common allergen and determine its effect on allergic airway inflammation. Methods Mice were injected with zinc gluconate prior to German cockroach (GC) feces (frass) exposure and airway inflammation was assessed. Primary bone marrow-derived neutrophils and DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells were used to assess the role of zinc gluconate on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α expression. NF-κB:DNA binding and IKK activity were assessed by EMSA and in vitro kinase assay. Protein levels of A20, RIP1 and TRAF6 were assessed by Western blot analysis. Establishment of allergic airway inflammation with GC frass was followed by administration of zinc gluconate. Airway hyperresponsiveness, serum IgE levels, eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production were assessed. Results Administration of zinc gluconate prior to allergen exposure resulted in significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration and TNFα cytokine release into the airways. This correlated with decreased NF-κB activity in the whole lung. Treatment with zinc gluconate significantly decreased GC frass-mediated TNFα production from bone-marrow derived neutrophils and HL-60 cells. We confirmed zinc-mediated decreases in NF-κB:DNA binding and IKK activity in HL-60 cells. A20, a natural inhibitor of NF-κB and a zinc-fingered protein, is a potential target of zinc. Zinc treatment did not alter A20 levels in the short term, but resulted in the degradation of RIP1, an important upstream activator of IKK. TRAF6 protein levels were unaffected. To determine the application for zinc as a therapeutic for asthma, we administered zinc following the establishment of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model. Zinc supplementation decreased airway hyperresponsiveness and serum IgE levels, but had no effect on Th2 cytokine expression. Conclusions This report suggests that the mechanism by which zinc supplementation alters NF-κB activity is via the alteration of A20 activity. In addition, this study provides evidence that supplementation of zinc to asthmatics may alter airway reactivity and serum IgE levels, suggesting zinc supplementation as a potential treatment for asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie I Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Murgia C, Grosser D, Truong-Tran AQ, Roscioli E, Michalczyk A, Ackland ML, Stoltenberg M, Danscher G, Lang C, Knight D, Perozzi G, Ruffin RE, Zalewski P. Apical localization of zinc transporter ZnT4 in human airway epithelial cells and its loss in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Nutrients 2011; 3:910-28. [PMID: 22254085 PMCID: PMC3257720 DOI: 10.3390/nu3110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The apical cytoplasm of airway epithelium (AE) contains abundant labile zinc (Zn) ions that are involved in the protection of AE from oxidants and inhaled noxious substances. A major question is how dietary Zn traffics to this compartment. In rat airways, in vivo selenite autometallographic (Se-AMG)-electron microscopy revealed labile Zn-selenium nanocrystals in structures resembling secretory vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. This observation was consistent with the starry-sky Zinquin fluorescence staining of labile Zn ions confined to the same region. The vesicular Zn transporter ZnT4 was likewise prominent in both the apical and basal parts of the epithelium both in rodent and human AE, although the apical pools were more obvious. Expression of ZnT4 mRNA was unaffected by changes in the extracellular Zn concentration. However, levels increased 3-fold during growth of cells in air liquid interface cultures and decreased sharply in the presence of retinoic acid. When comparing nasal versus bronchial human AE cells, there were significant positive correlations between levels of ZnT4 from the same subject, suggesting that nasal brushings may allow monitoring of airway Zn transporter expression. Finally, there were marked losses of both basally-located ZnT4 protein and labile Zn in the bronchial epithelium of mice with allergic airway inflammation. This study is the first to describe co-localization of zinc vesicles with the specific zinc transporter ZnT4 in airway epithelium and loss of ZnT4 protein in inflamed airways. Direct evidence that ZnT4 regulates Zn levels in the epithelium still needs to be provided. We speculate that ZnT4 is an important regulator of zinc ion accumulation in secretory apical vesicles and that the loss of labile Zn and ZnT4 in airway inflammation contributes to AE vulnerability in diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Murgia
- INRAN-National Research Institute on Food & Nutrition, Roma 00178, Italy; (C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Dion Grosser
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia; (D.G.); (A.Q.T.-T.); (E.R.); (C.L.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Ai Q. Truong-Tran
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia; (D.G.); (A.Q.T.-T.); (E.R.); (C.L.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia; (D.G.); (A.Q.T.-T.); (E.R.); (C.L.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Agnes Michalczyk
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (A.M.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Margaret Leigh Ackland
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (A.M.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Meredin Stoltenberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Neurobiology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gorm Danscher
- Institute of Biomedicine, Neurobiology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Carol Lang
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia; (D.G.); (A.Q.T.-T.); (E.R.); (C.L.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Darryl Knight
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, St Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Giuditta Perozzi
- INRAN-National Research Institute on Food & Nutrition, Roma 00178, Italy; (C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Richard E. Ruffin
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia; (D.G.); (A.Q.T.-T.); (E.R.); (C.L.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Peter Zalewski
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia; (D.G.); (A.Q.T.-T.); (E.R.); (C.L.); (R.E.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +61-8-8222-7344; Fax: +61-8-8222-6042
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Bayle L, Chimalapati S, Schoehn G, Brown J, Vernet T, Durmort C. Zinc uptake by Streptococcus pneumoniae depends on both AdcA and AdcAII and is essential for normal bacterial morphology and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2011; 82:904-16. [PMID: 22023106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace metal for living cells. The ABC transporter AdcABC was previously shown to be required for zinc uptake by Streptococcus pneumoniae. As we have recently described AdcAII as another zinc-binding lipoprotein, we have investigated the role of both AdcA and AdcAII in S. pneumoniae zinc metabolism. Deletion of either adcA or adcAII but not phtD reduced S. pneumoniae zinc uptake, with dual mutation of both adcA and adcAII further decreasing zinc import. For the Δ(adcA/adcAII) mutant, growth and intracellular concentrations of zinc were both greatly reduced in low zinc concentration. When grown in zinc-deficient medium, the Δ(adcA/adcAII) mutant displayed morphological defects related to aberrant septation. Growth and morphology of the Δ(adcA/adcAII) mutant recovered after supplementation with zinc. Dual deletion of adcA and adcAII strongly impaired growth of the pneumococcus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and human serum, and prevented S. pneumoniae establishing infection in mouse models of nasopharyngeal colonization, pneumonia and sepsis without altering the capsule. Taken together, our results show that AdcA and AdcAII play an essential and redundant role in specifically importing zinc into the pneumococcus, and that both zinc transporters are required for proper cell division and for S. pneumoniae survival during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bayle
- CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Grenoble, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble cedex 1, France
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