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Deng T, Liang M, Du L, Li K, Li J, Qian L, Xue Q, Qiu S, Xu L, Zhang L, Gao X, Li J, Lan X, Gao H. Transcriptome Analysis of Compensatory Growth and Meat Quality Alteration after Varied Restricted Feeding Conditions in Beef Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2704. [PMID: 38473950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG) is a physiological response that accelerates growth following a period of nutrient limitation, with the potential to improve growth efficiency and meat quality in cattle. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, 60 Huaxi cattle were divided into one ad libitum feeding (ALF) group and two restricted feeding groups (75% restricted, RF75; 50% restricted, RF50) undergoing a short-term restriction period followed by evaluation of CG. Detailed comparisons of growth performance during the experimental period, as well as carcass and meat quality traits, were conducted, complemented by a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the longissimus dorsi muscle using differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The results showed that irrespective of the restriction degree, the restricted animals exhibited CG, achieving final body weights comparable to the ALF group. Compensating animals showed differences in meat quality traits, such as pH, cooking loss, and fat content, compared to the ALF group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 57 genes and 31 pathways differentially regulated during CG, covering immune response, acid-lipid metabolism, and protein synthesis. Notably, complement-coagulation-fibrinolytic system synergy was identified as potentially responsible for meat quality optimization in RF75. This study provides novel and valuable genetic insights into the regulatory mechanisms of CG in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Deng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mang Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keanning Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Qian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingqing Xue
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyuan Qiu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Murakami T, Ito Y, Sango K, Watabe K, Sunada Y. Human transthyretin gene expression is markedly increased in repair Schwann cells in an in vitro model of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105507. [PMID: 36796540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTRv) is characterized by TTR amyloid deposition in the peripheral nervous system. It remains unknown why variant TTR preferentially deposits in the peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia. We previously detected low levels of TTR expression in Schwann cells and established an immortalized Schwann cell line, TgS1, derived from a mouse model of ATTRv amyloidosis expressing the variant TTR gene. In the present study, the expression of TTR and Schwann cell marker genes was investigated in TgS1 cells by quantitative RT-PCR. TTR gene expression was markedly upregulated in TgS1 cells incubated in non-growth medium-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The expression levels of c-Jun, Gdnf and Sox2 were increased, while Mpz was downregulated, suggesting that TgS1 cells exhibit a repair Schwann cell-like phenotype in the non-growth medium. Western blot analysis revealed that TTR protein was produced and secreted by the TgS1 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of Hsf1 with siRNA induced TTR aggregates in the TgS1 cells. These findings indicate that TTR expression is markedly increased in repair Schwann cells, likely to promote axonal regeneration. Therefore, aged dysfunctional repair Schwann cells may cause the deposition of variant TTR aggregates in the nerves of patients with ATTRv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsufumi Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan; Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan.
| | - Yuri Ito
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Sunada
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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3
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Pero ME, Chowdhury F, Bartolini F. Role of tubulin post-translational modifications in peripheral neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114274. [PMID: 36379274 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder that results from nerve damage in the periphery. The degeneration of sensory axon terminals leads to changes or loss of sensory functions, often manifesting as debilitating pain, weakness, numbness, tingling, and disability. The pathogenesis of most peripheral neuropathies remains to be fully elucidated. Cumulative evidence from both early and recent studies indicates that tubulin damage may provide a common underlying mechanism of axonal injury in various peripheral neuropathies. In particular, tubulin post-translational modifications have been recently implicated in both toxic and inherited forms of peripheral neuropathy through regulation of axonal transport and mitochondria dynamics. This knowledge forms a new area of investigation with the potential for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay peripheral neuropathy by restoring tubulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Farihah Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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4
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Hirschfeld LR, Risacher SL, Nho K, Saykin AJ. Myelin repair in Alzheimer's disease: a review of biological pathways and potential therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 36284351 PMCID: PMC9598036 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review investigates the significant overlap between myelin-repair signaling pathways and pathways known to contribute to hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discuss previously investigated therapeutic targets of amyloid, tau, and ApoE, as well as other potential therapeutic targets that have been empirically shown to contribute to both remyelination and progression of AD. Current evidence shows that there are multiple AD-relevant pathways which overlap significantly with remyelination and myelin repair through the encouragement of oligodendrocyte proliferation, maturation, and myelin production. There is a present need for a single, cohesive model of myelin homeostasis in AD. While determining a causative pathway is beyond the scope of this review, it may be possible to investigate the pathological overlap of myelin repair and AD through therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rose Hirschfeld
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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5
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Carroll A, Dyck PJ, de Carvalho M, Kennerson M, Reilly MM, Kiernan MC, Vucic S. Novel approaches to diagnosis and management of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:668-678. [PMID: 35256455 PMCID: PMC9148983 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a severe, adult-onset autosomal dominant inherited systemic disease predominantly affecting the peripheral and autonomic nervous system, heart, kidney and the eyes. ATTRv is caused by mutations of the transthyretin (TTR) gene, leading to extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in multiple organs including the peripheral nervous system. Typically, the neuropathy associated with ATTRv is characterised by a rapidly progressive and disabling sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with early small-fibre involvement. Carpal tunnel syndrome and cardiac dysfunction frequently coexist as part of the ATTRv phenotype. Although awareness of ATTRv polyneuropathy among neurologists has increased, the rate of misdiagnosis remains high, resulting in significant diagnostic delays and accrued disability. A timely and definitive diagnosis is important, given the emergence of effective therapies which have revolutionised the management of transthyretin amyloidosis. TTR protein stabilisers diflunisal and tafamidis can delay the progression of the disease, if treated early in the course. Additionally, TTR gene silencing medications, patisiran and inotersen, have resulted in up to 80% reduction in TTR production, leading to stabilisation or slight improvement of peripheral neuropathy and cardiac dysfunction, as well as improvement in quality of life and functional outcomes. The considerable therapeutic advances have raised additional challenges, including optimisation of diagnostic techniques and management approaches in ATTRv neuropathy. This review highlights the key advances in the diagnostic techniques, current and emerging management strategies, and biomarker development for disease progression in ATTRv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Carroll
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Translational Research Collective, University of Sydney and Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P James Dyck
- Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marina Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Molecular Medicine Laboratory Concord Repatriation General Hospital, and Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Bushell Chair of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve Vucic
- Brain and Nerve Research Center, Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Wang S, Wang Y, Zou S. A Glance at the Molecules That Regulate Oligodendrocyte Myelination. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2194-2216. [PMID: 35678678 PMCID: PMC9164040 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) myelination is a critical process for the neuronal axon function in the central nervous system. After demyelination occurs because of pathophysiology, remyelination makes repairs similar to myelination. Proliferation and differentiation are the two main stages in OL myelination, and most factors commonly play converse roles in these two stages, except for a few factors and signaling pathways, such as OLIG2 (Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2). Moreover, some OL maturation gene mutations induce hypomyelination or hypermyelination without an obvious function in proliferation and differentiation. Herein, three types of factors regulating myelination are reviewed in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqi Wang
- Institute of Life Science & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- Institute of Life Science & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Suqi Zou
- Institute of Life Science & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (S.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Predictive Value of Globulin to Prealbumin Ratio for 3-Month Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1120192. [PMID: 35340417 PMCID: PMC8947872 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate and compare the association between globulin to albumin ratio (GAR) and globulin to prealbumin ratio (GPR) and 3-month functional prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis therapy. Methods 234 AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis were retrospectively enrolled with acute ischemic stroke from February 2016 to October 2019. Blood sample was collected within 24 h after admission. Poor outcome was defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥ 3 and a favorable outcome as mRS < 3. Severe stroke was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score > 10 on admission. Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square test, logistics' regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. Results Patients with poor functional outcome had higher GAR and GPR levels compared with favorable functional group (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Severe stroke was also associated with these two increasing variables. After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that GPR was an independent indicator predictor of AIS. Conclusions The 24 h GPR level can predict the 3-month functional outcome in AIS patients accepting recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) intravenous thrombosis.
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8
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Gürer B, Hayri K. Effect of Preoperative Serum Transthyretin Levels on Postoperative Clinical Results and Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery. Asian J Neurosurg 2022; 17:11-16. [PMID: 35873843 PMCID: PMC9298593 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to investigate the effects of preoperative serum transthyretin (TTR) levels on surgical success, pain scores, and postoperative morbidity.
Methods Note that, in our clinic, 188 patients who were operated for spinal pathologies between June 2010 and January 2011 were included in this study. Blood samples were drawn from all patients on the morning of surgery and then serum TTR measurements were made. Demographic data of all patients were collected, and then their preoperative and postoperative neurological examinations, Karnofsky scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, postoperative infection and wound healing status, hospital stay, and morbidity levels were recorded and TTR levels were compared.
Results When preoperative TTR level of patients were low, their Karnofsky scores decreased, ODI scores increased, the early postoperative VAS and late postoperative VAS values increased, and the length of hospital stay was increased. Moreover, in patients with low TTR levels, postoperative Karnofsky scores were lower, postoperative ODI levels were higher, postoperative early and late VAS scores were higher, hospital stays were longer, peroperative complication rates were higher, wound infection rates were higher, the delay in wound site healing was higher, and the morbidity rate was higher.
Conclusion Consequently, preoperative low TTR levels have been reported to be an effective parameter that can be used to predict surgical results, wound infection and wound site healing status, perioperative complications, and morbidity in spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kertmen Hayri
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt SUAM, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Santos Silva C, Oliveira Santos M, Gromicho M, Pronto-Laborinho A, Conceição I, de Carvalho M. Motor neuron disease in three asymptomatic pVal50Met TTR gene carriers. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 23:627-629. [PMID: 35142241 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2029899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We describe three unrelated patients with sporadic motor neuron disease (MND) and hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis family history, who were asymptomatic carriers of the pVal50Met mutation of transthyretin (TTR) gene. Patients 1 and 2 were a 43-year-old man with a spinal-onset of ALS and a 37-year-old woman with a bulbar-onset of ALS, who died due to respiratory complications five and two years after disease onset, respectively. Patient 3 is a 52-year-old woman, with a two-year history of a probable primary lateral sclerosis, and a frontotemporal dysfunction. Imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nerve conduction and small fiber tests were normal in all. Genetic testing for ALS was negative in the two patients tested. Previous studies in MND patients have identified reduced TTR levels in CSF and neuronal gene overexpression, suggesting a neuroprotective role of TTR. The association of MND in patients with TTR gene mutations has not yet been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Santos Silva
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Gromicho
- Faculdade de Medicina- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Pronto-Laborinho
- Faculdade de Medicina- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Conceição
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Durmuş H, Çakar A, Demirci H, Alaylioglu M, Gezen‐Ak D, Dursun E, Gülşen Parman Y. An Exploratory Study of Cognitive Involvement in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 144:640-646. [PMID: 34322872 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations of the transthyretin (TTR) gene. The mutant ATTRv protein causes a systemic accumulation of amyloid fibrils in various organs. TTR is an important protein in the central nervous system physiology for the maintenance of normal cognitive process during aging, amidated neuropeptide processing, and nerve regeneration. The neuroprotective effect of transthyretin has been widely documented in animal models. Cognitive consequences of the mutant TTR in hereditary ATTRv amyloidosis patients remain still to be elucidated. We designed this study to investigate the cognitive involvement in ATTRv amyloidosis. METHODS Detailed neuropsychological tests and cranial MRIs were performed. Biomarkers including amyloid beta 1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau were investigated in the cerebrospinal fluid samples. RESULTS Median age of the cohort was 52 years (ranges 34-72). Neuropsychological assessment results were compatible with impaired executive functions (in all patients except one with only bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, long-term visual and long-term verbal memory (severe in four patients and moderate in one). Visuospatial judgment and perception were impaired in six. Mean cerebrospinal fluid Aβ1-42 (pg/ml) was 878.0 ± 249.5 in patients with cortical atrophyin MRI whereas 1210.0 ± 45.9 in patients without any cortical atrophy. Cranial MRI showed cortical atrophy in six patients (6/10). CONCLUSION Our data showed the significance of the TTR protein in cognitive functions and highlighted the importance of the close follow-up of cognitive functions in ATTRv amyloidosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Durmuş
- Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Arman Çakar
- Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Department of Psychology University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey
| | - Merve Alaylioglu
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Duygu Gezen‐Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdinc Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratories Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience Institute of Neurological Sciences Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yeşim Gülşen Parman
- Department of Neurology Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
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11
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Eira J, Magalhães J, Macedo N, Pero ME, Misgeld T, Sousa MM, Bartolini F, Liz MA. Transthyretin Promotes Axon Growth via Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics and Tubulin Acetylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747699. [PMID: 34820375 PMCID: PMC8606651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein, increases axon growth and organelle transport in sensory neurons. While neurons extend their axons, the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is crucial for the segregation of functional compartments and axonal outgrowth. Herein, we investigated whether TTR promotes axon elongation by modulating MT dynamics. We found that TTR KO mice have an intrinsic increase in dynamic MTs and reduced levels of acetylated α-tubulin in peripheral axons. In addition, they failed to modulate MT dynamics in response to sciatic nerve injury, leading to decreased regenerative capacity. Importantly, restoring acetylated α-tubulin levels of TTR KO dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons using an HDAC6 inhibitor is sufficient to completely revert defective MT dynamics and neurite outgrowth. In summary, our results reveal a new role for TTR in the modulation of MT dynamics by regulating α-tubulin acetylation via modulation of the acetylase ATAT1, and suggest that this activity underlies TTR neuritogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eira
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nídia Macedo
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Márcia A Liz
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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High-resolution ultrasound of peripheral nerves in late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: similarities and differences with CIDP. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:3387-3394. [PMID: 34802089 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) remains a diagnostic challenge due to clinical, neurophysiological, and laboratory findings suggestive of other diagnoses, particularly chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). In this cross-sectional prospective study, we aimed to investigate the utility of high-resolution ultrasonography of peripheral nerves as a diagnostic tool to differentiate ATTRv-PN from CIDP. METHODS In 11 treatment-naive patients with genetically confirmed late-onset ATTRv-PN and 25 patients with CIDP, we collected clinical, electrodiagnostic, and high-resolution ultrasonography data of the peripheral nerves. In each patient, we used high-resolution ultrasonography to assess 26 nerve sites. RESULTS Of the 11 patients with ATTRv-PN, two had electrodiagnostic study data compatible with a CIDP diagnosis. High-resolution ultrasonography showed that the cross-sectional area of the brachial plexus, median nerve at the axilla, arm, and forearm, ulnar nerve at the forearm, and peroneal nerve at the popliteal fossa were significantly smaller in the 11 ATTRv-PN patients than in CIDP patients. However, in the two patients with electrodiagnostic study data compatible with a CIDP diagnosis, high-resolution nerve ultrasonography data were comparable to those in patients with CIDP. CONCLUSION Although high-resolution ultrasonography of peripheral nerves provides reliable information in patients with ATTRv-PN, its usefulness as a standalone diagnostic tool to differentiate ATTRv-PN from CIDP might be limited.
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Dohrn MF, Medina J, Olaciregui Dague KR, Hund E. Are we creating a new phenotype? Physiological barriers and ethical considerations in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-amyloidosis. Neurol Res Pract 2021; 3:57. [PMID: 34719408 PMCID: PMC8559355 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-021-00155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTRv) is an autosomal dominant, systemic disease transmitted by amyloidogenic mutations in the TTR gene. To prevent the otherwise fatal disease course, TTR stabilizers and mRNA silencing antisense drugs are currently approved treatment options. With 90% of the amyloidogenic protein produced by the liver, disease progression including polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy, the two most prominent manifestations, can successfully be halted by hepatic drug targeting or-formerly-liver transplantation. Certain TTR variants, however, favor disease manifestations in the central nervous system (CNS) or eyes, which is mostly associated with TTR production in the choroid plexus and retina. These compartments cannot be sufficiently reached by any of the approved medications. From liver-transplanted patients, we have learned that with longer lifespans, such CNS manifestations become more relevant over time, even if the underlying TTR mutation is not primarily associated with such. Are we therefore creating a new phenotype? Prolonging life will most likely lead to a shift in the phenotypic spectrum, enabling manifestations like blindness, dementia, and cerebral hemorrhage to come out of the disease background. To overcome the first therapeutic limitation, the blood-brain barrier, we might be able to learn from other antisense drugs currently being used in research or even being approved for primary neurodegenerative CNS diseases like spinal muscular atrophy or Alzheimer's disease. But what effects will unselective CNS TTR knock-down have considering its role in neuroprotection? A potential approach to overcome this second limitiation might be allele-specific targeting, which is, however, still far from clinical trials. Ethical standpoints underline the need for seamless data collection to enable more evidence-based decisions and for thoughtful consenting in research and clinical practice. We conclude that the current advances in treating ATTRv amyloidosis have become a meaningful example for mechanism-based treatment. With its great success in improving patient life spans, we will still have to face new challenges including shifts in the phenotype spectrum and the ongoing need for improved treatment precision. Further investigation is needed to address these closed barriers and open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike F Dohrn
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Neuromuscular Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jessica Medina
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Ernst Hund
- Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Magalhães J, Eira J, Liz MA. The role of transthyretin in cell biology: impact on human pathophysiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6105-6117. [PMID: 34297165 PMCID: PMC11073172 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an extracellular protein mainly produced in the liver and choroid plexus, with a well-stablished role in the transport of thyroxin and retinol throughout the body and brain. TTR is prone to aggregation, as both wild-type and mutated forms of the protein can lead to the accumulation of amyloid deposits, resulting in a disease called TTR amyloidosis. Recently, novel activities for TTR in cell biology have emerged, ranging from neuronal health preservation in both central and peripheral nervous systems, to cellular fate determination, regulation of proliferation and metabolism. Here, we review the novel literature regarding TTR new cellular effects. We pinpoint TTR as major player on brain health and nerve biology, activities that might impact on nervous systems pathologies, and assign a new link between TTR and angiogenesis and cancer. We also explore the molecular mechanisms underlying TTR activities at the cellular level, and suggest that these might go beyond its most acknowledged carrier functions and include interaction with receptors and activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Magalhães
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessica Eira
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Almeida Liz
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Gião T, Saavedra J, Vieira JR, Pinto MT, Arsequell G, Cardoso I. Neuroprotection in early stages of Alzheimer's disease is promoted by transthyretin angiogenic properties. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:143. [PMID: 34429155 PMCID: PMC8385857 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background While still controversial, it has been demonstrated that vascular defects can precede the onset of other AD hallmarks features, making it an important therapeutic target. Given that the protein transthyretin (TTR) has been established as neuroprotective in AD, here we investigated the influence of TTR in the vasculature. Methods We evaluated the thickness of the basement membrane and the length of brain microvessels, by immunohistochemistry, in AβPPswe/PS1A246E (AD) transgenic mice and non-transgenic mice (NT) bearing one (TTR+/−) or two (TTR+/+) copies of the TTR gene. The angiogenic potential of TTR was evaluated in vitro using the tube formation assay, and in vivo using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results AD transgenic mice with TTR genetic reduction, AD/TTR+/−, exhibited a thicker BM in brain microvessels and decreased vessel length than animals with normal TTR levels, AD/TTR+/+. Further in vivo investigation, using the CAM assay, revealed that TTR is a pro-angiogenic molecule, and the neovessels formed are functional. Also, TTR increased the expression of key angiogenic molecules such as proteins interleukins 6 and 8, angiopoietin 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, by endothelial cells, in vitro, under tube formation conditions. We showed that while TTR reduction also leads to a thicker BM in NT mice, this effect is more pronounced in AD mice than in NT animals, strengthening the idea that TTR is a neuroprotective protein. We also studied the effect of TTR tetrameric stabilization on BM thickness, showing that AD mice treated with the TTR tetrameric stabilizer iododiflunisal (IDIF) displayed a significant reduction of BM thickness and increased vessel length, when compared to non-treated littermates. Conclusion Our in vivo results demonstrate the involvement of TTR in angiogenesis, particularly as a modulator of vascular alterations occurring in AD. Since TTR is decreased early in AD, its tetrameric stabilization can represent a therapeutic avenue for the early treatment of AD through the maintenance of the vascular structure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00883-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gião
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Saavedra
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Ricardo Vieira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho,45-, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Wieczorek E, Ożyhar A. Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:1768. [PMID: 34359938 PMCID: PMC8307983 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein transporting hormones in the plasma and brain, which has many other activities that have not been fully acknowledged. TTR is a positive indicator of nutrition status and is negatively correlated with inflammation. TTR is a neuroprotective and oxidative-stress-suppressing factor. The TTR structure is destabilized by mutations, oxidative modifications, aging, proteolysis, and metal cations, including Ca2+. Destabilized TTR molecules form amyloid deposits, resulting in senile and familial amyloidopathies. This review links structural stability of TTR with the environmental factors, particularly oxidative stress and Ca2+, and the processes involved in the pathogenesis of TTR-related diseases. The roles of TTR in biomineralization, calcification, and osteoarticular and cardiovascular diseases are broadly discussed. The association of TTR-related diseases and vascular and ligament tissue calcification with TTR levels and TTR structure is presented. It is indicated that unaggregated TTR and TTR amyloid are bound by vicious cycles, and that TTR may have an as yet undetermined role(s) at the crossroads of calcification, blood coagulation, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wieczorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Moreira J, Costelha S, Saraiva M, Saraiva MJ. The Expression of Chemokines Is Downregulated in a Pre-Clinical Model of TTR V30M Amyloidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650269. [PMID: 34093538 PMCID: PMC8170140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders including hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). ATTRv is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular deposition of mutant transthyretin (TTR) aggregates and fibrils, particularly in nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Nerve biopsies from ATTRv patients show increased cytokine production, but interestingly no immune inflammatory cellular infiltrate is observed around TTR aggregates. Here we show that as compared to Wild Type (WT) animals, the expression of several chemokines is highly downregulated in the peripheral nervous system of a mouse model of the disease. Interestingly, we found that stimulation of mouse Schwann cells (SCs) with WT TTR results in the secretion of several chemokines, a process that is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In contrast, the secretion of all tested chemokines is compromised upon stimulation of SCs with mutant TTR (V30M), suggesting that V30M TTR fails to activate TLR4 signaling. Altogether, our data shed light into a previously unappreciated mechanism linking TTR activation of SCs and possibly underlying the lack of inflammatory response observed in the peripheral nervous system of ATTRv patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susete Costelha
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Bianchi L, Sframeli M, Vantaggiato L, Vita GL, Ciranni A, Polito F, Oteri R, Gitto E, Di Giuseppe F, Angelucci S, Versaci A, Messina S, Vita G, Bini L, Aguennouz M. Nusinersen Modulates Proteomics Profiles of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094329. [PMID: 33919289 PMCID: PMC8122268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 is a severe infantile autosomal-recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by a survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) mutation and characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Without supportive care, SMA type 1 is rapidly fatal. The antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen has recently improved the natural course of this disease. Here, we investigated, with a functional proteomic approach, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profiles from SMA type 1 patients who underwent nusinersen administration to clarify the biochemical response to the treatment and to monitor disease progression based on therapy. Six months after starting treatment (12 mg/5 mL × four doses of loading regimen administered at days 0, 14, 28, and 63), we observed a generalized reversion trend of the CSF protein pattern from our patient cohort to that of control donors. Notably, a marked up-regulation of apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein E and a consistent variation in transthyretin proteoform occurrence were detected. Since these multifunctional proteins are critically active in biomolecular processes aberrant in SMA, i.e., synaptogenesis and neurite growth, neuronal survival and plasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress control, their nusinersen induced modulation may support SMN improved-expression effects. Hence, these lipoproteins and transthyretin could represent valuable biomarkers to assess patient responsiveness and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria Sframeli
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Lorenza Vantaggiato
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Gian Luca Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Annamaria Ciranni
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesca Polito
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Rosaria Oteri
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Dentistry and Biotechnology, and Proteomics Unit, Centre of Advanced Studies and Technoloy, Department Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Dentistry and Biotechnology, and Proteomics Unit, Centre of Advanced Studies and Technoloy, Department Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Antonio Versaci
- Intensive Care Unit, AOU Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sonia Messina
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (G.L.V.)
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Bini
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
| | - M’hammed Aguennouz
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
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Yamauchi K. The interaction of zinc with the multi-functional plasma thyroid hormone distributor protein, transthyretin: evolutionary and cross-species comparative aspects. Biometals 2021; 34:423-437. [PMID: 33686575 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence has been accumulated showing the interrelationship between zinc and the plasma thyroid hormone (TH) distributor protein, transthyretin (TTR). TTR is a multi-functional protein, which emerged from 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase (HIUHase) by neo-functionalization after gene duplication during early chordate evolution. HIUHase is also a zinc-binding protein. Most biochemical and molecular biological findings have been obtained from mammalian studies. However, in the past two decades, it has become clear that fish TTR displays zinc-dependent TH binding. After a brief introduction on plasma zinc, THs and their binding proteins, this review will focus on the role of zinc in TTR functions of various vertebrates. In particular primitive fish TTR has an extremely high zinc content, with an increased number of histidine residues which are involved in TH binding. However, zinc-dependent TH binding may have been gradually lost from TTRs during higher vertebrate evolution. Although human TTR has a low zinc content, zinc plays an essential role in TTR functions other than TH binding: the stability of TTR-holo retinol binding protein 4 (holoRBP4) complex, TTR amyloidogenesis, the sequestration of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils and cryptic proteolytic activity. The interaction of TTR with metallothioneins may be a critical step in the exertion of some of these functions. Evolutionary and physiological insights on zinc-dependent functions of TTRs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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20
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Bilinovich SM, Uhl KL, Lewis K, Soehnlen X, Williams M, Vogt D, Prokop JW, Campbell DB. Integrated RNA Sequencing Reveals Epigenetic Impacts of Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure in Human Cerebral Organoids. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:195-207. [PMID: 33657557 DOI: 10.1159/000513536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests early in childhood. While genetic variants increase risk for ASD, a growing body of literature has established that in utero chemical exposures also contribute to ASD risk. These chemicals include air-based pollutants like diesel particulate matter (DPM). A combination of single-cell and direct transcriptomics of DPM-exposed human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids revealed toxicogenomic effects of DPM exposure during fetal brain development. Direct transcriptomics, sequencing RNA bases via Nanopore, revealed that cerebral organoids contain extensive RNA modifications, with DPM-altering cytosine methylation in oxidative mitochondrial transcripts expressed in outer radial glia cells. Single-cell transcriptomics further confirmed an oxidative phosphorylation change in cell groups such as outer radial glia upon DPM exposure. This approach highlights how DPM exposure perturbs normal mitochondrial function and cellular respiration during early brain development, which may contribute to developmental disorders like ASD by altering neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Katie L Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristy Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Xavier Soehnlen
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel B Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, .,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, .,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,
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21
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Mechanisms of Nerve Damage in Neuropathies Associated with Hematological Diseases: Lesson from Nerve Biopsies. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020132. [PMID: 33498362 PMCID: PMC7909400 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of non-invasive techniques in the study of peripheral neuropathies, sural nerve biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of several neuropathies, including vasculitic neuropathy and neurolymphomatosis. Besides its diagnostic role, sural nerve biopsy has helped to shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of different neuropathies. In the present review, we discuss how pathological findings helped understand the mechanisms of polyneuropathies complicating hematological diseases.
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22
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Saponaro F, Kim JH, Chiellini G. Transthyretin Stabilization: An Emerging Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228672. [PMID: 33212973 PMCID: PMC7698513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), previously named prealbumin is a plasma protein secreted mainly by the liver and choroid plexus (CP) that is a carrier for thyroid hormones (THs) and retinol (vitamin A). The structure of TTR, with four monomers rich in β-chains in a globular tetrameric protein, accounts for the predisposition of the protein to aggregate in fibrils, leading to a rare and severe disease, namely transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Much effort has been made and still is required to find new therapeutic compounds that can stabilize TTR ("kinetic stabilization") and prevent the amyloid genetic process. Moreover, TTR is an interesting therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases due to its recognized neuroprotective properties in the cognitive impairment context and interestingly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much evidence has been collected regarding the neuroprotective effects in AD, including through in vitro and in vivo studies as well as a wide range of clinical series. Despite this supported hypothesis of neuroprotection for TTR, the mechanisms are still not completely clear. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant findings on the neuroprotective role of TTR, and to summarize the recent progress on the development of TTR tetramer stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Hae Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Grazia Chiellini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Destabilisation of the structure of transthyretin is driven by Ca 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:409-423. [PMID: 33129902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tetrameric transthyretin (TTR) transports thyroid hormones and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and performs protective functions under stress conditions. Ageing and mutations result in TTR destabilisation and the formation of the amyloid deposits that dysregulate Ca2+ homeostasis. Our aim was to determine whether Ca2+ affects the structural stability of TTR. We show, using multiple techniques, that Ca2+ does not induce prevalent TTR dissociation and/or oligomerisation. However, in the presence of Ca2+, TTR exhibits altered conformational flexibility and different interactions with the solvent molecules. These structural changes lead to the formation of the sub-populations of non-native TTR conformers and to the destabilisation of the structure of TTR. Moreover, the sub-population of TTR molecules undergoes fragmentation that is augmented by Ca2+. We postulate that Ca2+ constitutes the structural and functional switch between the native and non-native forms of TTR, and therefore tip the balance towards age-dependent pathological calcification.
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Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric transport protein highly conserved through vertebrate evolution and synthesized in the liver, choroid plexus, and retinal pigment epithelium. TTR transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol (vitamin A). Mutations in TTR are associated with inherited transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv), a progressive, debilitating disease that is ultimately fatal and is characterized by misfolding of TTR and aggregation as amyloid fibrils, predominantly leading to cardiomyopathy or polyneuropathy depending on the particular TTR mutation. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy can also occur as an age-related disease caused by misfolding of wild-type TTR. Apart from its transport role, little is known about possible additional physiological functions of TTR. Evidence from animal model systems in which TTR has been disrupted via gene knockout is adding to our cumulative understanding of TTR function. There is growing evidence that TTR may have a role in neuroprotection and promotion of neurite outgrowth in response to injury. Here, we review the literature describing potential roles of TTR in neurobiology and in the pathophysiology of diseases other than ATTR amyloidosis. A greater understanding of these processes may also contribute to further clarification of the pathology of ATTR and the effects of potential therapies for TTR-related conditions.
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Salvalaggio A, Coraci D, Cacciavillani M, Obici L, Mazzeo A, Luigetti M, Pastorelli F, Grandis M, Cavallaro T, Bisogni G, Lozza A, Gemelli C, Gentile L, Ermani M, Fabrizi GM, Plasmati R, Campagnolo M, Castellani F, Gasparotti R, Martinoli C, Padua L, Briani C. Nerve ultrasound in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: red flags and possible progression biomarkers. J Neurol 2020; 268:189-198. [PMID: 32749600 PMCID: PMC7815618 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Diagnostic delay of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv, v for variant) prevents timely treatment and, therefore, concurs to the mortality of the disease. The aim of the present study was to explore with nerve ultrasound (US) possible red flags for early diagnosis in ATTRv patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and/or polyneuropathy and in pre-symptomatic carriers. Methods Patients and pre-symptomatic carriers with a TTR gene mutation were enrolled from seven Italian centers. Severity of CTS was assessed with neurophysiology and clinical evaluation. Median nerve cross-section area (CSA) was measured with US in ATTRv carriers with CTS (TTR-CTS). One thousand one hundred ninety-six idiopathic CTS were used as controls. Nerve US was also performed in several nerve trunks (median, ulnar, radial, brachial plexi, tibial, peroneal, sciatic, sural) in ATTRv patients with polyneuropathy and in pre-symptomatic carriers. Results Sixty-two subjects (34 men, 28 women, mean age 59.8 years ± 12) with TTR gene mutation were recruited. With regard to CTS, while in idiopathic CTS there was a direct correlation between CTS severity and median nerve CSA (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), in the subgroup of TTR-CTS subjects (16 subjects, 5 with bilateral CTS) CSA did not significantly correlate with CTS severity (r = − 0.473). ATTRv patients with polyneuropathy showed larger CSA than pre-symptomatic carriers in several nerve sites, more pronounced at brachial plexi (p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study identifies nerve morphological US patterns that may help in the early diagnosis (morpho-functional dissociation of median nerve in CTS) and monitoring of pre-symptomatic TTR carriers (larger nerve CSA at proximal nerve sites, especially at brachial plexi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Salvalaggio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Daniele Coraci
- Neuroriabilitazione Ad Alta Intensità, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cavallaro
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Lozza
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Gemelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Gentile
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Ermani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Plasmati
- IRCSS Istituto Scienze Neurologiche Città Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Castellani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Martinoli
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy.,Department of Scienze Della Salute, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Neuroriabilitazione Ad Alta Intensità, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Ma XP, Liu CD, Cao GM, Zhang ZY. Transthyretin increases migration and invasion of rat placental trophoblast cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1568-1576. [PMID: 32533762 PMCID: PMC7396443 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Early diagnosis of PE is currently contingent on regular prenatal physical examinations and may be facilitated by identification of novel diagnostic markers. Transthyretin (TTR), also known as prealbumin, is primarily responsible for maintaining the normal levels of thyroxine and retinol binding protein. The expression of TTR is lower in patients with severe PE as compared with healthy controls. Here, we examined the suitability of TTR as a diagnostic marker in pregnant hypertensive rats. N'-nitro-l-arginine-methylesterhydrochloride (l-NAME) was used to generate a rat model of hypertension during pregnancy. Rat placental trophoblast cells were divided into control and TTR groups for in vitro experiments. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and urinary protein of hypertensive pregnant rats were higher than those of healthy pregnant rats, but these effects could be reversed by TTR treatment. There were no significant changes in blood pressure and urinary protein in healthy pregnant rats before or after TTR treatment. TTR levels in the serum and placental tissues of pregnant hypertensive rats were significantly reduced compared with those of healthy pregnant rats. Changes in placental and fetal weights in the hypertensive model could also be rescued by TTR treatment. TTR treatment significantly increased the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 in hypertensive rats. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TTR effectively increased the migration and invasion of rat placental trophoblast cells, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 levels in these cells. In conclusion, our data from a rat model suggest that TTR may have potential as a novel marker for PE diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Ma
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Dong Liu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ming Cao
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Undiscovered Roles for Transthyretin: From a Transporter Protein to a New Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062075. [PMID: 32197355 PMCID: PMC7139926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), an homotetrameric protein mainly synthesized by the liver and the choroid plexus, and secreted into the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid, respectively, has been specially acknowledged for its functions as a transporter protein of thyroxine and retinol (the latter through binding to the retinol-binding protein), in these fluids. Still, this protein has managed to stay in the spotlight as it has been assigned new and varied functions. In this review, we cover knowledge on novel TTR functions and the cellular pathways involved, spanning from neuroprotection to vascular events, while emphasizing its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We describe details of TTR as an amyloid binding protein and discuss its interaction with the amyloid Aβ peptides, and the proposed mechanisms underlying TTR neuroprotection in AD. We also present the importance of translating advances in the knowledge of the TTR neuroprotective role into drug discovery strategies focused on TTR as a new target in AD therapeutics.
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Chauhan MZ, Arcuri J, Park KK, Zafar MK, Fatmi R, Hackam AS, Yin Y, Benowitz L, Goldberg JL, Samarah M, Bhattacharya SK. Multi-Omic Analyses of Growth Cones at Different Developmental Stages Provides Insight into Pathways in Adult Neuroregeneration. iScience 2020; 23:100836. [PMID: 32058951 PMCID: PMC6997871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth cones (GCs) are structures associated with growing neurons. GC membrane expansion, which necessitates protein-lipid interactions, is critical to axonal elongation in development and in adult neuritogenesis. We present a multi-omic analysis that integrates proteomics and lipidomics data for the identification of GC pathways, cell phenotypes, and lipid-protein interactions, with an analytic platform to facilitate the visualization of these data. We combine lipidomic data from GC and adult axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush. Our results reveal significant molecular variability in GCs across developmental ages that aligns with the upregulation and downregulation of lipid metabolic processes and correlates with distinct changes in the lipid composition of GC plasmalemma. We find that these processes also define the transition into a growth-permissive state in the adult central nervous system. The insight derived from these analyses will aid in promoting adult regeneration and functional innervation in devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Simultaneous proteomics and lipidomics analyses of developmental growth cones Combined multi-omics analyses of regenerating optic nerves and growth cones Integrating protein-protein with protein-lipid interactions in growth cones
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain Chauhan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer Arcuri
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Rabeet Fatmi
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Larry Benowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad Samarah
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Gender-specific effects of transthyretin on neural stem cell fate in the subventricular zone of the adult mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19689. [PMID: 31873158 PMCID: PMC6927974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus epithelial cells produce and secrete transthyretin (TTR). TTR binds and distributes thyroid hormone (TH) to brain cells via the cerebrospinal fluid. The adult murine subventricular zone (SVZ) is in close proximity to the choroid plexus. In the SVZ, TH determines neural stem cell (NSC) fate towards a neuronal or a glial cell. We investigated whether the loss of TTR also disrupted NSC fate choice. Our results show a decreased neurogenic versus oligodendrogenic balance in the lateroventral SVZ of Ttr knockout mice. This balance was also decreased in the dorsal SVZ, but only in Ttr knockout male mice, concomitant with an increased oligodendrocyte precursor density in the corpus callosum. Quantitative RTqPCR analysis following FACS-dissected SVZs, or marked-coupled microbeads sorting of in vitro neurospheres, showed elevated Ttr mRNA levels in neuronal cells, as compared to uncommitted precursor and glial cells. However, TTR protein was undetectable in vivo using immunostaining, and this despite the presence of Ttr mRNA-expressing SVZ cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate that TTR is an important factor in SVZ neuro- and oligodendrogenesis. They also reveal important gender-specific differences and spatial heterogeneity, providing new avenues for stimulating endogenous repair in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abstract
The unknown role of the carrier protein transthyretin (TTR) in mechanisms of functional recovery in the postischemic brain prompted us to study its expression following experimental stroke. Male C57/B6 mice (age 9 to 10 weeks) were subjected to permanent focal ischemia induced by photothrombosis (PT) and brain tissues were analyzed for ttr expression and TTR levels at 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days and 14 days following the insult by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Fourteen days after PT, non-specific TTR-like immunoreactive globules were found in the ischemic core and surrounding peri-infarct region by immunohistochemistry that could not be allocated to DAPI positive cells. No TTR immunoreactivity was found when stainings were performed with markers for neurons (Neuronal Nuclei, NeuN), reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) or microglia (cluster of differentiation 68, CD68). In addition, we could not find TTR by immunoblotting in protein extracts obtained from the ischemic territory nor ttr expression by RT-PCR at all time points following PT. In all experiments, ttr expression in the choroid plexus and TTR in the mouse serum served as positive controls and recombinant legumain peptide as negative control. Together, our results indicate that TTR is not synthesized in brain resident cells in the ischemic infarct core and adjacent peri-infarct area. Thus, it seems unlikely that in situ synthesized TTR is involved in mechanisms of tissue reorganization during the first 14 days following PT.
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Sharma M, Khan S, Rahman S, Singh LR. The Extracellular Protein, Transthyretin Is an Oxidative Stress Biomarker. Front Physiol 2019; 10:5. [PMID: 30733681 PMCID: PMC6353848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular protein, transthyretin is responsible for the transport of thyroxin and retinol binding protein complex to the various parts of the body. In addition to this transport function, transthyretin has also been involved in cardiovascular malfunctions, polyneuropathy, psychological disorders, obesity and diabetes, etc. Recent developments have evidenced that transthyretin has been associated with many other biological functions that are directly or indirectly associated with the oxidative stress, the common hallmark for many human diseases. In this review, we have attempted to address that transthyretin is associated with oxidative stress and could be an important biomarker. Potential future perspectives have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesha Sharma
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheeza Khan
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Gomes JR, Sárkány Z, Teixeira A, Nogueira R, Cabrito I, Soares H, Wittelsberger A, Stortelers C, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Vanlandschoot P, Saraiva MJ. Anti-TTR Nanobodies Allow the Identification of TTR Neuritogenic Epitope Associated with TTR-Megalin Neurotrophic Activities. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:704-715. [PMID: 30346709 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) has intrinsic neurotrophic physiological activities independent from its thyroxine ligands, which involve activation of signaling pathways through interaction with megalin. Still, the megalin binding motif on TTR is unknown. Nanobodies (Nb) have the ability to bind "hard to reach" epitopes being useful tools for protein/structure function. In this work, we characterize two anti-TTR Nanobodies, with similar mouse TTR binding affinities, although only one is able to block its neuritogenic activity (169F7_Nb). Through epitope mapping, we identified amino acids 14-18, at the entrance of the TTR central channel, to be important for interaction with megalin, and a stable TTR K15N mutant in that region was constructed. The TTR K15N mutant lacks neuritogenic activity, indicating that K15 is critical for TTR neuritogenic activity. Thus, we identify the putative binding site for megalin and describe two Nanobodies that will allow research and clarification of TTR physiological properties, regarding its neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Zsuzsa Sárkány
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Biomolecular Structure & Function, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Anabela Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Renata Nogueira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Biomolecular Structure & Function, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | - Maria J. Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
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Biomarkers mapping of neuropathic pain in a nerve chronic constriction injury mice model. Biochimie 2019; 158:172-179. [PMID: 30639439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and has a considerable impact on the quality of life. Neuropathic pain has a dynamic and complex aetiology and gives heterogeneous symptoms across patients; therefore, it represents an important clinical challenge. Current pharmacological treatment includes tricyclic antidepressant serotonin-noradrenaline uptake inhibitors such as duloxetine, pregabalin, and gabapentin. However, these drugs do not show efficacy in all patients suffering from neuropathic pain. In this work we used a nerve chronic constriction injury mice model based on the ligation of sciatic nerve to analyse, by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, blood proteins significantly altered by neuropathic pain one-week after surgery. A sham-ligated group of mice acting as control and a group of ligated mice treated with gabapentin were also analysed. The results indicated that four haptoglobin isoforms were significantly more expressed, while transthyretin and alpha-2-macroglobulin expression decreased in the serum of the murine neuropathic pain model with respect to the control mice. Interestingly, the treatment with the gabapentin reversed these conditions. The outcomes of this study can provide a further understanding of the pathophysiological meaning of the biomarkers involved in neuropathic pain.
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Wang H, Wang G, Zhu LD, Xu X, Diao B, Zhang HY. Subnetwork identification and chemical modulation for neural regeneration: A study combining network guided forest and heat diffusion model. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-018-0159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cai H, Li M, Sun X, Plath M, Li C, Lan X, Lei C, Huang Y, Bai Y, Qi X, Lin F, Chen H. Global Transcriptome Analysis During Adipogenic Differentiation and Involvement of Transthyretin Gene in Adipogenesis in Cattle. Front Genet 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 30405687 PMCID: PMC6200853 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays central role in determining the gustatory quality of beef, but traditional Chinese beef cattle have low levels of fat content. We applied RNA-seq to study the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation in Qinchuan cattle. A total of 18,283 genes were found to be expressed in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, respectively. 470 of which were significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [false discovery rate (FDR) values < 0.05 and fold change ≥ 2]. In addition, 4534 alternative splicing (AS) events and 5153 AS events were detected in preadipocytes and adipocytes, respectively. We constructed a protein interaction network, which suggested that collagen plays an important role during bovine adipogenic differentiation. We characterized the function of the most down-regulated DEG (P < 0.001) among genes we have detected by qPCR, namely, the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Overexpression of TTR appears to promote the expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (P < 0.05) and fatty acid binding Protein 4 (FABP4) (P < 0.05). Hence, TTR appears to be involved in the regulation of bovine adipogenic differentiation. Our study represents the comprehensive approach to explore bovine adipocyte differentiation using transcriptomic data and reports an involvement of TTR during bovine adipogenic differentiation. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying bovine adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Congjun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinglei Qi
- Biyang Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang County, Biyang, China
| | - Fengpeng Lin
- Biyang Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang County, Biyang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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36
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Farajzadeh A, Bathaie SZ, Arabkheradmand J, Ghodsi SM, Faghihzadeh S. Different Pain States of Trigeminal Neuralgia Make Significant Changes in the Plasma Proteome and Some Biochemical Parameters: a Preliminary Cohort Study. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:524-534. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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37
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Si Y, Song Z, Sun X, Wang J. microRNA and mRNA profiles in nucleus accumbens underlying depression versus resilience in response to chronic stress. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:563-579. [PMID: 30105773 PMCID: PMC6175222 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depression in negative mood is presumably induced by chronic stress with lack of reward. However, most individuals who experience chronic stress demonstrate resilience. Molecular mechanisms underlying stress- induced depression versus resilience remain unknown, which are investigated in brain reward circuits. Mice were treated by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks. The tests of sucrose preference, Y-maze, and forced swimming were used to identify depression-like emotion behavior or resilience. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze mRNA and miRNA quantity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) harvested from the mice in the groups of control, CUMS-induced depression (CUMS-MDD), and CUMS-resistance to identify molecular profiles of CUMS-MDD versus CUMS-resilience. In data analyses and comparison among three groups, 1.5-fold ratio in reads per kilo-base per million reads (RPKM) was set to judge involvements of mRNA and miRNA in CUMS, MDD, or resilience. The downregulations of serotonergic/dopaminergic synapses, MAPK/calcium signaling pathways, and morphine addiction as well as the upregulations of cAMP/PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and amino acid metabolism are associated with CUMS-MDD. The downregulations of chemokine signaling pathway, synaptic vesicle cycle, and nicotine addiction as well as the upregulations of calcium signaling pathway and tyrosine metabolism are associated with CUMS-resilience. The impairments of serotonergic/dopaminergic synapses and PI3K-Akt/MAPK signaling pathways in the NAc are associated with depression. The upregulation of these entities is associated with resilience. Consistent results from analyzing mRNA/miRNA and using different methods validate our finding and conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Si
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jin‐Hui Wang
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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38
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Johnson BA, Coutts M, Vo HM, Hao X, Fatima N, Rivera MJ, Sims RJ, Neel MJ, Kang YJ, Monuki ES. Accurate, strong, and stable reporting of choroid plexus epithelial cells in transgenic mice using a human transthyretin BAC. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:22. [PMID: 30111340 PMCID: PMC6094443 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroid plexus epithelial cells express high levels of transthyretin, produce cerebrospinal fluid and many of its proteins, and make up the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Choroid plexus epithelial cells are vital to brain health and may be involved in neurological diseases. Transgenic mice containing fluorescent and luminescent reporters of these cells would facilitate their study in health and disease, but prior transgenic reporters lost expression over the early postnatal period. METHODS Human bacterial artificial chromosomes in which the transthyretin coding sequence was replaced with DNA for tdTomato or luciferase 2 were used in pronuclear injections to produce transgenic mice. These mice were characterized by visualizing red fluorescence, immunostaining, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase enzyme assay. RESULTS Reporters were faithfully expressed in cells that express transthyretin constitutively, including choroid plexus epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, pancreatic islets, and liver. Expression of tdTomato in choroid plexus began at the appropriate embryonic age, being detectable by E11.5. Relative levels of tdTomato transcript in the liver and choroid plexus paralleled relative levels of transcripts for transthyretin. Expression remained robust over the first postnatal year, although choroid plexus transcripts of tdTomato declined slightly with age whereas transthyretin remained constant. TdTomato expression patterns were consistent across three founder lines, displayed no sex differences, and were stable across several generations. Two of the tdTomato lines were bred to homozygosity, and homozygous mice are healthy and fertile. The usefulness of tdTomato reporters in visualizing and analyzing live Transwell cultures was demonstrated. Luciferase activity was very high in homogenates of choroid plexus and continued to be expressed through adulthood. Luciferase also was detectable in eye and pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Transgenic mice bearing fluorescent and luminescent reporters of transthyretin should prove useful for tracking transplanted choroid plexus epithelial cells, for purifying the cells, and for reporting their derivation from stem cells. They also should prove useful for studying transthyretin synthesis by other cell types, as transthyretin has been implicated in many functions and conditions, including clearance of β-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease, heat shock in neurons, processing of neuropeptides, nerve regeneration, astrocyte metabolism, and transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Margaret Coutts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Hillary M Vo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Xinya Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Nida Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Maria J Rivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Robert J Sims
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Michael J Neel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Young-Jin Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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39
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Gomes JR, Cabrito I, Soares HR, Costelha S, Teixeira A, Wittelsberger A, Stortelers C, Vanlandschoot P, Saraiva MJ. Delivery of an anti-transthyretin Nanobody to the brain through intranasal administration reveals transthyretin expression and secretion by motor neurons. J Neurochem 2018. [PMID: 29527688 PMCID: PMC6001800 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein of retinol and thyroxine in serum and CSF, which is mainly secreted by liver and choroid plexus, and in smaller amounts in other cells throughout the body. The exact role of TTR and its specific expression in Central Nervous System (CNS) remains understudied. We investigated TTR expression and metabolism in CNS, through the intranasal and intracerebroventricular delivery of a specific anti-TTR Nanobody to the brain, unveiling Nanobody pharmacokinetics to the CNS. In TTR deficient mice, we observed that anti-TTR Nanobody was successfully distributed throughout all brain areas, and also reaching the spinal cord. In wild-type mice, a similar distribution pattern was observed. However, in areas known to be rich in TTR, reduced levels of Nanobody were found, suggesting potential target-mediated effects. Indeed, in wild-type mice, the anti-TTR Nanobody was specifically internalized in a receptor-mediated process, by neuronal-like cells, which were identified as motor neurons. Whereas in KO TTR mice Nanobody was internalized by all cells, for late lysosomal degradation. Moreover, we demonstrate that in vivo motor neurons also actively synthesize TTR. Finally, in vitro cultured primary motor neurons were also found to synthesize and secrete TTR into culture media. Thus, through a novel intranasal CNS distribution study with an anti-TTR Nanobody, we disclose a new cell type capable of synthesizing TTR, which might be important for the understanding of the physiological role of TTR, as well as in pathological conditions where TTR levels are altered in CSF, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Susete Costelha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Maria J Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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40
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Neuron-derived transthyretin modulates astrocytic glycolysis in hormone-independent manner. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106625-106638. [PMID: 29290976 PMCID: PMC5739761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that neurons alter the expression of astrocytic metabolic enzymes by secretion of until now unknown molecule(s) into extracellular fluid. Here, we present evidence that neuron-derived transthyretin (TTR) stimulates expression of glycolytic enzymes in astrocytes which is reflected by an increased synthesis of ATP. The action of TTR is restricted to regulatory enzymes of glycolysis: phosphofructokinase P (PFKP) and pyruvate kinase M1/M2 isoforms (PKM1/2). The regulation of PFK and PKM expression by TTR is presumably specific for brain tissue and is independent of the role of TTR as a carrier protein for thyroxine and retinol. TTR induced expression of PKM and PFK is mediated by the cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway and is antagonized by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for action of TTR as a neuron-derived energy metabolism activator in astrocytes and describe the mechanisms of its action. The data presented here suggest that TTR is involved in a mechanism in which neurons stimulate degradation of glycogen-derived glucosyl units without significant modulation of glucose uptake by glial cells.
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41
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Suzuki S, Kasai K, Nishiyama N, Ishihara A, Yamauchi K. Characteristics of the brown hagfish Paramyxine atami transthyretin: Metal ion-dependent thyroid hormone binding. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 249:1-14. [PMID: 28242306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a vertebrate-specific protein involved in thyroid hormone distribution in plasma, and its gene is thought to have emerged by gene duplication from the gene for the ancient TTR-related protein, 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase, at some early stage of chordate evolution. We investigated the molecular and hormone-binding properties of the brown hagfish Paramyxine atami TTR. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cloned hagfish TTR cDNA shared 33-50% identities with those of other vertebrate TTRs but less than 24% identities with those of vertebrate and deuterostome invertebrate 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolases. Hagfish TTR, as well as lamprey and little skate TTRs, had an N-terminal histidine-rich segment, allowing purification by metal-affinity chromatography. The affinity of hagfish TTR for 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) was 190 times higher than that for L-thyroxine, with a dissociation constant of 1.5-3.9nM at 4°C. The high-affinity binding sites were strongly sensitive to metal ions. Zn2+ and Cu2+ decreased the dissociation constant to one-order of magnitude, whereas a chelator, o-phenanthroline, increased it four times. The number of metal ions (mainly Zn2+ and Cu2+) was approximately 12/TTR (mol/mol). TTR was also a major T3-binding protein in adult hagfish sera and its serum concentration was approximately 8μM. These results suggest that metal ions and the acquisition of N-terminal histidine-rich segment may cooperatively contribute to the evolution toward an ancient TTR with high T3 binding activity from either 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase after gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kasai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Norihito Nishiyama
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akinori Ishihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Gimeno A, Santos LM, Alemi M, Rivas J, Blasi D, Cotrina EY, Llop J, Valencia G, Cardoso I, Quintana J, Arsequell G, Jiménez-Barbero J. Insights on the Interaction between Transthyretin and Aβ in Solution. A Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR Analysis of the Role of Iododiflunisal. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5749-5758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
| | - Luis M. Santos
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mobina Alemi
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josep Rivas
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Blasi
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry
and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Finch NA, Wang X, Baker MC, Heckman MG, Gendron TF, Bieniek KF, Wuu J, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Brown PH, Chew J, Jansen-West KR, Daughrity LM, Nicholson AM, Murray ME, Josephs KA, Parisi JE, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Petrucelli L, Boeve BF, Graff-Radford NR, Asmann YW, Dickson DW, Benatar M, Bowser R, Boylan KB, Rademakers R, van Blitterswijk M. Abnormal expression of homeobox genes and transthyretin in C9ORF72 expansion carriers. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e161. [PMID: 28660252 PMCID: PMC5479438 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a genome-wide brain expression study to reveal the underpinnings of diseases linked to a repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72). METHODS The genome-wide expression profile was investigated in brain tissue obtained from C9ORF72 expansion carriers (n = 32), patients without this expansion (n = 30), and controls (n = 20). Using quantitative real-time PCR, findings were confirmed in our entire pathologic cohort of expansion carriers (n = 56) as well as nonexpansion carriers (n = 31) and controls (n = 20). RESULTS Our findings were most profound in the cerebellum, where we identified 40 differentially expressed genes, when comparing expansion carriers to patients without this expansion, including 22 genes that have a homeobox (e.g., HOX genes) and/or are located within the HOX gene cluster (top hit: homeobox A5 [HOXA5]). In addition to the upregulation of multiple homeobox genes that play a vital role in neuronal development, we noticed an upregulation of transthyretin (TTR), an extracellular protein that is thought to be involved in neuroprotection. Pathway analysis aligned with these findings and revealed enrichment for gene ontology processes involved in (anatomic) development (e.g., organ morphogenesis). Additional analyses uncovered that HOXA5 and TTR levels are associated with C9ORF72 variant 2 levels as well as with intron-containing transcript levels, and thus, disease-related changes in those transcripts may have triggered the upregulation of HOXA5 and TTR. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our identification of genes involved in developmental processes and neuroprotection sheds light on potential compensatory mechanisms influencing the occurrence, presentation, and/or progression of C9ORF72-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- NiCole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kevin F Bieniek
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Mariely DeJesus-Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Patricia H Brown
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jeannie Chew
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Karen R Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Lillian M Daughrity
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Alexandra M Nicholson
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Robert Bowser
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kevin B Boylan
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Marka van Blitterswijk
- Department of Neuroscience (N.A.F., M.C.B., T.F.G., K.F.B., M.D.-H., P.H.B., J.C., K.R.J.-W., L.M.D., A.M.N., M.E.M., L.P., D.W.D., R.R., M.v.B.), Department of Health Sciences Research (X.W., Y.W.A.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., K.B.B.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (K.A.J., J.E.P., D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology (R.B.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
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Fong VH, Wong S, Vieira A. Disruption of endocytic transport by transthyretin aggregates. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:102-105. [PMID: 28189844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins such as transthyretin (TTR) has implications for neurodegeneration and other pathologies, but is not well understood. In the current study, potential effects of misfolded, aggregated TTRs (agTTR) upon a major cell membrane function-endocytosis-were assessed. Internalization of transferrin (Tf), a ligand whose receptor-mediated endocytosis is well characterized, was analyzed in different cell types after treatment with agTTR. The results indicate disruption of Tf endocytosis: 20-25% inhibition by agTTR relative to the same concentrations of normal soluble TTR, or relative to another control protein, albumin (p<0.05 for agTTR relative to controls). No statistically significant difference was observed for cell surface Tf binding between agTTR-treated and control cells. This is the first evidence for endocytic disruption by agTTR, and presents a novel cytotoxicity mechanism that may account for previously reported inhibitory effects of amyloidogenic TTR on neuronal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vai Hong Fong
- Biomedical Physiology, BPK9625, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada; Department of Neurology, Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaun Wong
- Biomedical Physiology, BPK9625, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
| | - Amandio Vieira
- Biomedical Physiology, BPK9625, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada.
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Serum protein changes in a rat model of chronic pain show a correlation between animal and humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41723. [PMID: 28145509 PMCID: PMC5286399 DOI: 10.1038/srep41723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous works we showed the overexpression of some proteins in biological fluids from patients suffering chronic pain. In this proteomic study we analysed serum from a rat model of neuropathic pain obtained by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, at two time intervals, 2 and 5 weeks after the insult, to find proteins involved in the expression or mediation of pain. Sham-operated and CCI rats were treated with saline or indomethacin. Two weeks after ligation, we identified three serum proteins overexpressed in CCI rats, two of which, alpha-1-macroglobulin and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), remained increased 5 weeks post-surgery; at this time interval, we found increased levels of further proteins, namely apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), apolipoprotein E (APOE), prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS) and transthyretin (TTR), that overlap the overexpressed proteins found in humans. Indomethacin treatment reversed the effects of ligation. The qPCR analysis showed that transcript levels of APOA1, APOE, PTGDS and VDBP were overexpressed in the lumbar spinal cord (origin of sciatic nerve), but not in the striatum (an unrelated brain region), of CCI rats treated with saline 5 weeks after surgery, demonstrating that the lumbar spinal cord is a possible source of these proteins.
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Panagopoulos GN, Megaloikonomos PD, Mavrogenis AF. The Present and Future for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Orthopedics 2017; 40:e141-e156. [PMID: 27783836 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20161019-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can have a potentially devastating impact on a patient's quality of life, resulting in severe disability with substantial social and personal cost. Refined microsurgical techniques, advances in peripheral nerve topography, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular basis of nerve injury have all led to a decisive leap forward in the field of translational neurophysiology. Nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfers have improved significantly with consistently better functional outcomes. Direct nerve repair with epineural microsutures is still the surgical treatment of choice when a tension-free coaptation in a well-vascularized bed can be achieved. In the presence of a significant gap (>2-3 cm) between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, primary end-to-end nerve repair often is not possible; in these cases, nerve grafting is the treatment of choice. Indications for nerve transfer include brachial plexus injuries, especially avulsion type, with long distance from target motor end plates, delayed presentation, segmental loss of nerve function, and broad zone of injury with dense scarring. Current experimental research in peripheral nerve regeneration aims to accelerate the process of regeneration using pharmacologic agents, bioengineering of sophisticated nerve conduits, pluripotent stem cells, and gene therapy. Several small molecules, peptides, hormones, neurotoxins, and growth factors have been studied to improve and accelerate nerve repair and regeneration by reducing neuronal death and promoting axonal outgrowth. Targeting specific steps in molecular pathways also allows for purposeful pharmacologic intervention, potentially leading to a better functional recovery after nerve injury. This article summarizes the principles of nerve repair and the current concepts of peripheral nerve regeneration research, as well as future perspectives. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e141-e156.].
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Zhang SQ, Peng B, Stary CM, Jian ZH, Xiong XX, Chen QX. Serum prealbumin as an effective prognostic indicator for determining clinical status and prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1097-1102. [PMID: 28852391 PMCID: PMC5558488 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum prealbumin is a recognized marker of malnutrition, but its prognostic role in patients with hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 105 patients with hemorrhagic stroke admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China, from January to December 2015. We collected demographic and radiological data, and recorded serum prealbumin levels at admission and on days 1, 3, 6, 9, and 14–21. The existence of infections and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and clinical condition at discharge were also recorded. Serum prealbumin levels during hospitalization were significantly lower in patients with infections compared with those without infections, and also significantly lower in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage compared with those without. Serum prealbumin levels at discharge were significantly higher in patients with good recovery than in those with poor recovery. We conclude that regular serum prealbumin measurements in patients with hemorrhagic stroke may be a useful indicator for determining clinical status and prognosis, which may therefore help to guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wang L, Xu H, Ren W, Zhu L, Chang Y, Gu Y, Yan M, He J. Low serum prealbumin levels in post-stroke depression. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:149-153. [PMID: 27693925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that prealbumin is associated with depression. However, the association between prealbumin and post-stroke depression remains unelucidated. This observational cohort study determined whether low baseline serum prealbumin could predict post-stroke depression at 1 month in patients admitted with acute stroke. The study, conducted from October 2013 to September 2014, included 307 patients with acute stroke who were followed-up for 1 month. Serum prealbumin was measured within 24h after admission using an immunoturbidimetric method. The17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was used to evaluate depression symptoms. Patients with a depression score of ≥7 were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, for diagnosing post-stroke depression at 1 month. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate possible predictors of post-stroke depression. Overall, 93 (30.3%) patients were diagnosed with post-stroke depression. Serum prealbumin was significantly lower in patients with versus those without post-stroke depression, and was a significant predictor of post-stroke depression after adjusting for confounding risk factors. In conclusion, baseline serum prealbumin level was associated with post-stroke depression at 1 month, suggesting that prealbumin might be a useful biomarker for post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaling Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Transthyretin provides trophic support via megalin by promoting neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1749-1764. [PMID: 27518433 PMCID: PMC5071567 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein whose function has been associated to binding and distribution of thyroid hormones in the body and brain. However, little is known regarding the downstream signaling pathways triggered by wild-type TTR in the CNS either in neuroprotection of cerebral ischemia or in physiological conditions. In this study, we investigated how TTR affects hippocampal neurons in physiologic/pathologic conditions. Recombinant TTR significantly boosted neurite outgrowth in mice hippocampal neurons, both in number and length, independently of its ligands. This TTR neuritogenic activity is mediated by the megalin receptor and is lost in megalin-deficient neurons. We also found that TTR activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (ERK1/2) and Akt through Src, leading to the phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB. In addition, TTR promoted a transient rise in intracellular calcium through NMDA receptors, in a Src/megalin-dependent manner. Moreover, under excitotoxic conditions, TTR stimulation rescued cell death and neurite loss in TTR KO hippocampal neurons, which are more sensitive to excitotoxic degeneration than WT neurons, in a megalin-dependent manner. CREB was also activated by TTR under excitotoxic conditions, contributing to changes in the balance between Bcl2 protein family members, toward anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl2/BclXL versus Bax). Finally, we clarify that TTR KO mice subjected to pMCAO have larger infarcts than WT mice, because of TTR and megalin neuronal downregulation. Our results indicate that TTR might be regarded as a neurotrophic factor, because it stimulates neurite outgrowth under physiological conditions, and promotes neuroprotection in ischemic conditions.
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Wieczorek E, Kędracka–Krok S, Sołtys K, Jankowska U, Hołubowicz R, Seliga J, Ożyhar A. Is Transthyretin a Regulator of Ubc9 SUMOylation? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160536. [PMID: 27501389 PMCID: PMC4976990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and mutations of transthyretin (TTR), the thyroid hormones and retinol transporting protein lead to amyloidosis by destabilizing the structure of TTR. Because protein structure is regulated through posttranslational modifications, we investigated the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO)ylation of TTR. We chose the widely used Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation system, which is based on a fusion of the SUMOylation substrate of interest with Ubc9, a sole SUMO conjugating enzyme. Surprisingly, despite our presumptions, we found that Ubc9 fused to TTR was SUMOylated at a unique set of lysine residues. Three unknown SUMOylation sites of Ubc9-K154, K18 and K65-were revealed by mass spectrometry (MS). The previously reported SUMOylation at K49 of Ubc9 was also observed. SUMOylation of the lysine residues of TTR fused to Ubc9 was hardly detectable. However, non-fused TTR was SUMOylated via trans-SUMOylation by Ubc9 fused to TTR. Interestingly, mutating the catalytic residue of Ubc9 fused to TTR did not result in complete loss of the SUMOylation signal, suggesting that Ubc9 linked to TTR is directly cross-SUMOylated by the SUMO-activating enzyme E1. Ubc9, TTR or fusion proteins composed of TTR and Ubc9 specifically affected the global SUMOylation of cellular proteins. TTR or Ubc9 alone increased global SUMOylation, whereas concomitant presence of TTR and Ubc9 did not further increase the amount of high-molecular weight (HMW) SUMO conjugates. Our data suggest that TTR may influence the SUMOylation of Ubc9, thereby altering signalling pathways in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wieczorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylwia Kędracka–Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sołtys
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Department of Structural Biology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Hołubowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Seliga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
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