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Cheng H, Shi Y, Li X, Jin N, Zhang M, Liu Z, Liang Y, Xie J. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against ferroptosis in acute liver failure through the IGF1-hepcidin-FPN1 axis and inhibiting iron loading. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:280-290. [PMID: 38273781 PMCID: PMC10984864 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a significant global issue with elevated morbidity and mortality rates. There is an urgent and pressing need for secure and effective treatments. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent regulation of cell death, plays a significant role in multiple pathological processes associated with liver diseases, including ALF. Several studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of ALF. This study aims to investigate the positive effects of MSCs against ferroptosis in an ALF model and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic function. Our results show that intravenously injected MSCs protect against ferroptosis in ALF mouse models. MSCs decrease iron deposition in the liver of ALF mice by downregulating hepcidin level and upregulating FPN1 level. MSCs labelled with Dil are mainly observed in the hepatic sinusoid and exhibit colocalization with the macrophage marker CD11b fluorescence. ELISA demonstrates a high level of IGF1 in the CCL 4+MSC group. Suppressing the IGF1 effect by the PPP blocks the therapeutic effect of MSCs against ferroptosis in ALF mice. Furthermore, disruption of IGF1 function results in iron deposition in the liver tissue due to impaired inhibitory effects of MSCs on hepcidin level. Our findings suggest that MSCs alleviate ferroptosis induced by disorders of iron metabolism in ALF mice by elevating IGF1 level. Moreover, MSCs are identified as a promising cell source for ferroptosis treatment in ALF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
- Department of MedicalFenyang Hospital of Shanxi ProvinceLvliang032200China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ning Jin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal ModelsTaiyuan030001China
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030001China
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2
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Petrashen AP, Verdesca AD, Kreiling JA, Sedivy JM. Regulation of the somatotropic axis by MYC-mediated miRNA repression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1269860. [PMID: 37908640 PMCID: PMC10615138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1269860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is overexpressed in many human cancers and has a significant causal role in tumor incidence and progression. In contrast, Myc +/- heterozygous mice, which have decreased MYC expression, exhibit a 10-20% increase in lifespan and a decreased incidence or progression of several age-related diseases. Myc heterozygous mice were also reported to have decreased mTOR and IGF1 signaling, two pathways whose reduced activity is associated with longevity in diverse species. Given MYC's downstream role in these pathways, the downregulation of mTOR and IGF1 signaling in Myc heterozygotes suggests the presence of feedback loops within this regulatory network. In this communication we provide further evidence that the reduction of Myc expression in Myc +/- heterozygous mice provokes a female-specific decrease in circulating IGF1 as well as a reduction of IGF1 protein in the liver. In particular, reduced Myc expression led to upregulation of miRNAs that target the Igf1 transcript, thereby inhibiting its translation and leading to decreased IGF1 protein levels. Using Argonaute (AGO)-CLIP-sequencing we found enrichment of AGO binding in the Igf1 transcript at the target sites of let-7, miR-122, and miR-29 in female, but not male Myc heterozygotes. Upregulation of the liver-specific miR-122 in primary hepatocytes in culture and in vivo in mice resulted in significant downregulation of IGF1 protein, but not mRNA. Reduced levels of IGF1 increased GH production in the pituitary through a well-documented negative-feedback relationship. In line with this, we found that IGF1 levels in bone (where miR-122 is not expressed) were unchanged, consistent with the decreased incidence of osteoporosis in female Myc heterozygotes, despite decreased circulating IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Sedivy
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Wang KW, Ling ZJ, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Yi SJ, Xiong YW, Chang W, Lin ZJ, Zhu HL, Yang L, Wang H. The Long-Term Effect of Maternal Iron Levels in the Second Trimester on Mild Thinness among Preschoolers: The Modifying Effect of Small for Gestational Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:3939. [PMID: 37764723 PMCID: PMC10535896 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of multiple micronutrients throughout pregnancy can reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes and various diseases in children. However, the long-term effect of maternal multiple micronutrient levels in the second trimester on the overall development of preschoolers remains unknown. Therefore, 1017 singleton mother-infant pairs and 6-year-old preschoolers were recruited based on the China-Wuxi Birth Cohort Study. Meanwhile, information on the demographic characteristics of pregnant women and preschoolers, maternal copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc levels in whole blood during the second trimester, and neonatal outcomes, were collected. We aimed to investigate the long-term impact of maternal copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc levels in the second trimester on mild thinness among 6-year-old preschoolers, and the modifying effect of small for gestational age (SGA), within the Chinese population. Multiple logistic regression models revealed that high-level maternal iron in the second trimester reduced the risk of mild thinness [adjusted OR: 0.46 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.80)] among 6-year-old preschoolers. However, no significant association was found for the remaining four maternal essential metal elements. Additionally, the restricted cubic spline function showed that the risk of mild thinness decreased when maternal iron concentration exceeded 7.47 mmol/L in whole blood during the second trimester. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the long-term protective effect of high-level maternal iron on mild thinness was only observed in SGA infants. Summarily, high-level maternal iron in the second trimester distinctly lowers the risk of mild thinness among 6-year-old preschoolers, especially in preschoolers with birth outcomes of SGA. Our findings offer evidence for the implementation of iron supplementation in the second trimester as a preventive measure against mild thinness in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zheng-Jia Ling
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Song-Jia Yi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Lin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, China
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4
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Dixit M, Poudel SB, Yakar S. Effects of GH/IGF axis on bone and cartilage. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111052. [PMID: 33068640 PMCID: PMC7736189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulate somatic growth, metabolism and many aspects of aging. As such, actions of GH/IGF have been studied in many tissues and organs over decades. GH and IGF-1 are part of the hypothalamic/pituitary somatotrophic axis that consists of many other regulatory hormones, receptors, binding proteins, and proteases. In humans, GH/IGF actions peak during pubertal growth and regulate skeletal acquisition through stimulation of extracellular matrix production and increases in bone mineral density. During aging the activity of these hormones declines, a state called somatopaguss, which associates with deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. In this review, we will focus on GH/IGF-1 action in bone and cartilage. We will cover many studies that have utilized congenital ablation or overexpression of members of this axis, as well as cell-specific gene-targeting approaches used to unravel the nature of the GH/IGF-1 actions in the skeleton in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA.
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5
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Biguetti CC, Couto MCR, Silva ACR, Shindo JVTC, Rosa VM, Shinohara AL, Andreo JC, Duarte MAH, Wang Z, Brotto M, Matsumoto MA. New Surgical Model for Bone-Muscle Injury Reveals Age and Gender-Related Healing Patterns in the 5 Lipoxygenase (5LO) Knockout Mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:484. [PMID: 32849277 PMCID: PMC7431610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling lipid mediators released from 5 lipoxygenase (5LO) pathways influence both bone and muscle cells, interfering in their proliferation and differentiation capacities. A major limitation to studying inflammatory signaling pathways in bone and muscle healing is the inadequacy of available animal models. We developed a surgical injury model in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and femur in 129/SvEv littermates mice to study simultaneous musculoskeletal (MSK) healing in male and female, young (3 months) and aged (18 months) WT mice compared to mice lacking 5LO (5LOKO). MSK defects were surgically created using a 1-mm punch device in the VA muscle followed by a 0.5-mm round defect in the femur. After days 7 and 14 post-surgery, the specimens were removed for microtomography (microCT), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses. In addition, non-injured control skeletal muscles along with femur and L5 vertebrae were analyzed. Bones were microCT phenotyped, revealing that aged female WT mice presented reduced BV/TV and trabecular parameters compared to aged males and aged female 5LOKO mice. Skeletal muscles underwent a customized targeted lipidomics investigation for profiling and quantification of lipid signaling mediators (LMs), evidencing age, and gender related-differences in aged female 5LOKO mice compared to matched WT. Histological analysis revealed a suitable bone-healing process with osteoid deposition at day 7 post-surgery, followed by woven bone at day 14 post-surgery, observed in all young mice. Aged WT females displayed increased inflammatory response at day 7 post-surgery, delayed bone matrix maturation, and increased TRAP immunolabeling at day 14 post-surgery compared to 5LOKO females. Skeletal muscles of aged animals showed higher levels of inflammation in comparison to young controls at day 14 post-surgery; however, inflammatory process was attenuated in aged 5LOKO mice compared to aged WT. In conclusion, this new model shows that MSK healing is influenced by age, gender, and the 5LO pathway, which might serve as a potential target to investigate therapeutic interventions and age-related MSK diseases. Our new model is suitable for bone-muscle crosstalk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Maira Cristina Rondina Couto
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, Brazil
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, FOB-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Mateus Rosa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Jesus Carlos Andreo
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, FOB-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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6
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Poudel SB, Dixit M, Neginskaya M, Nagaraj K, Pavlov E, Werner H, Yakar S. Effects of GH/IGF on the Aging Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061384. [PMID: 32498386 PMCID: PMC7349719 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are key organelles regulating vital processes in the eukaryote cell. A decline in mitochondrial function is one of the hallmarks of aging. Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are somatotropic hormones that regulate cellular homeostasis and play significant roles in cell differentiation, function, and survival. In mammals, these hormones peak during puberty and decline gradually during adulthood and aging. Here, we review the evidence that GH and IGF-1 regulate mitochondrial mass and function and contribute to specific processes of cellular aging. Specifically, we discuss the contribution of GH and IGF-1 to mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and ATP production, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis. Particular emphasis was placed on how these pathways intersect during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Karthik Nagaraj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (K.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (K.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-998-9721
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7
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Seesen M, Semmarath W, Yodkeeree S, Sapbamrer R, Ayood P, Malasao R, Ongprasert K, Chittrakul J, Siviroj P, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. Combined Black Rice Germ, Bran Supplement and Exercise Intervention Modulate Aging Biomarkers and Improve Physical Performance and Lower-Body Muscle Strength Parameters in Aging Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2931. [PMID: 32340343 PMCID: PMC7215642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent functional decline in muscle mass and strength, which is reflected in poor physical performances, hormonal imbalance, and development of chronic low-grade inflammation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of black rice germ, bran supplement, and exercise program either alone or in combination for 24 weeks on the aging biomarkers (C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Insulin-like growth factor-1, and CD4:CD8 T cell ratio) physical performance, muscle strength parameters (walking speed, sit-to-stand time, grip strength) among Thai aging population. A total of 120 healthy volunteers aged 65-74 years were assigned to the exercise group (EX), black rice germ, and bran supplement (BR) group or the combination of BR and EX group (BR + EX). Over the course of the 24-week intervention, compared with baseline data (T0), the combined BR + EX intervention significantly decreased the inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels, both p < 0.05 vs. T0) and significantly increased the insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (p < 0.001 vs. T0). Significant improvement in physical performance and muscle strength were also observed in the combined BR + EX group (decrease in sit-to-stand time and gait speed over the 24-week intervention, both p < 0.05 vs. T0, and trend toward grip strength improvement at p = 0.088 vs. T0). Overall, our results indicated a synergistic effect towards the combined intervention with the sustainable improvement in physical performances, lower-body muscle strength, and the modulation of both inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers. This study could encourage older adults to change their lifestyles to improve healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Pisittawoot Ayood
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Krongporn Ongprasert
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiraporn Chittrakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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8
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Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Wang Y, Chen S, Yan Z, Pei M. A prospect of cell immortalization combined with matrix microenvironmental optimization strategy for tissue engineering and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30627420 PMCID: PMC6321683 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major hurdle for primary cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Telomere erosion, oxidative stress, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes all may account for the cellular senescence process with the involvement of various signaling pathways. To establish immortalized cell lines for research and clinical use, strategies have been applied including internal genomic or external matrix microenvironment modification. Considering the potential risks of malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of genetic manipulation, environmental modification methods, especially the decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (dECM)-based preconditioning strategy, appear to be promising for tissue engineering-aimed cell immortalization. Due to few review articles focusing on this topic, this review provides a summary of cell senescence and immortalization and discusses advantages and limitations of tissue engineering and regeneration with the use of immortalized cells as well as a potential rejuvenation strategy through combination with the dECM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Song Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083 Sichuan China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ming Pei
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,4WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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Woraruthai T, Charoenlap C, Hongsaprabhas C, Mutirangura A, Honsawek S. Alu hypermethylation and high oxidative stress in patients with musculoskeletal tumors. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5492. [PMID: 30128216 PMCID: PMC6098941 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alu is one of the non-autonomous element retrotransposons, constituting nearly 11% of the human DNA. Methylation changes of the Alu element can cause genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer development, ultimately leading to the development of cancer. Epigenetic factors may induce the aberrant methylation of Alu and also oxidative stress. However, current knowledge of Alu methylation and oxidative stress is limited. There are few studies that have evaluated Alu methylation and oxidative stress on musculoskeletal tumor progression. Therefore, the present study evaluated the status of Alu methylation in musculoskeletal (MS) tumor, adjacent tissues, and blood leukocytes from MS tumor subjects, as well as unaffected participants. Moreover, we also investigated the oxidative stress status in MS tumor subjects and the control participants and determined the correlation between Alu methylation in MS tumors and that in blood leukocytes. Methods Musculoskeletal tumors from musculoskeletal tumor patients (n = 40) were compared to adjacent tissues (n = 40). The blood leukocytes from musculoskeletal tumor patients were compared to the blood leukocytes from controls (n = 107). Alu methylation status was analyzed using quantitative combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). In addition, 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) values were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Alu methylation values in MS tumors were statistically significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P = 0.035). Similarly, Alu methylation statuses in the blood leukocytes of MS tumor subjects were statistically greater than those of control participants (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a positive association between Alu methylation levels in MS tumors and blood leukocytes (r = 0.765, P < 0.001). In addition, the highest tertile was significantly associated with the risk of MS tumors (OR = 14.17, 95% CI [5.08-39.51]; P < 0.001). The 8-OHdG values in MS tumors were statistically higher than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.001) and circulating 8-OHdG levels were substantially greater in MS tumor subjects than in the control participants (P < 0.001). Discussion These findings suggest that Alu methylation in blood leukocytes and plasma 8-OHdG might represent non-invasive biomarkers to help diagnose MS tumors. Therefore, Alu hypermethylation and high oxidative stress might be involved in the pathogenesis of the musculoskeletal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamonwan Woraruthai
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chris Charoenlap
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chindanai Hongsaprabhas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer & Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Yakar S, Werner H, Rosen CJ. Insulin-like growth factors: actions on the skeleton. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T115-T137. [PMID: 29626053 PMCID: PMC5966339 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the growth hormone (GH)-mediated somatic factors (somatomedins), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II, has elicited an enormous interest primarily among endocrinologists who study growth and metabolism. The advancement of molecular endocrinology over the past four decades enables investigators to re-examine and refine the established somatomedin hypothesis. Specifically, gene deletions, transgene overexpression or more recently, cell-specific gene-ablations, have enabled investigators to study the effects of the Igf1 and Igf2 genes in temporal and spatial manners. The GH/IGF axis, acting in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion, is the major axis controlling skeletal growth. Studies in rodents have clearly shown that IGFs regulate bone length of the appendicular skeleton evidenced by changes in chondrocytes of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. IGFs affect radial bone growth and regulate cortical and trabecular bone properties via their effects on osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast function. Interactions of the IGFs with sex steroid hormones and the parathyroid hormone demonstrate the significance and complexity of the IGF axis in the skeleton. Finally, IGFs have been implicated in skeletal aging. Decreases in serum IGFs during aging have been correlated with reductions in bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. This review highlights many of the most relevant studies in the IGF research landscape, focusing in particular on IGFs effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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Liu Z, Han T, Werner H, Rosen CJ, Schaffler MB, Yakar S. Reduced Serum IGF-1 Associated With Hepatic Osteodystrophy Is a Main Determinant of Low Cortical but Not Trabecular Bone Mass. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:123-136. [PMID: 28902430 PMCID: PMC5771972 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic osteodystrophy is multifactorial in its pathogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that impairments of the hepatic growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis (GH/IGF-1) are common in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and chronic cholestatic liver disease. Moreover, these conditions are also associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and greater fracture risk, particularly in cortical bone sites. Hence, we addressed whether disruptions in the GH/IGF-1 axis were causally related to the low bone mass in states of chronic liver disease using a mouse model of liver-specific GH-receptor (GHR) gene deletion (Li-GHRKO). These mice exhibit chronic hepatic steatosis, local inflammation, and reduced BMD. We then employed a crossing strategy to restore liver production of IGF-1 via hepatic IGF-1 transgene (HIT). The resultant Li-GHRKO-HIT mouse model allowed us to dissect the roles of liver-derived IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of osteodystrophy during liver disease. We found that hepatic IGF-1 restored cortical bone acquisition, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties during growth in Li-GHRKO-HIT mice, which was maintained during aging. However, trabecular bone volume was not restored in the Li-GHRKO-HIT mice. We found increased bone resorption indices in vivo as well as increased basal reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial stress in osteoblast cultures from Li-GHRKO and the Li-GHRKO-HIT compared with control mice. Changes in systemic markers such as inflammatory cytokines, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, or carboxy-terminal collagen cross-links could not fully account for the diminished trabecular bone in the Li-GHRKO-HIT mice. Thus, the reduced serum IGF-1 associated with hepatic osteodystrophy is a main determinant of low cortical but not trabecular bone mass. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianzhen Han
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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Lombardi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Perego S, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism. Endocrine 2016; 54:284-305. [PMID: 26718191 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth cause of death (5.5 % worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved quality of life and decreased risk of several diseases (i.e., stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, malignancies). Bone turnover is profoundly affected from PA both directly (load degree is the key determinant for BMD) and indirectly through the activation of several endocrine axes. Several molecules, secreted by muscle (myokines) and adipose tissues (adipokines) in response to exercise, are involved in the fine regulation of bone metabolism in response to the energy availability. Furthermore, bone regulates energy metabolism by communicating its energetic needs thanks to osteocalcin which acts on pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism depends on the intermittent exposure to myokines (i.e., irisin, IL-6, LIF, IGF-I) which, instead, act as inflammatory/pro-resorptive mediators when chronically elevated; on the other hand, the reduction in the circulating levels of adipokines (i.e., leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin) sustains these effects as well as improves the whole-body metabolic status. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest findings about the exercise-dependent regulation of these molecules and their role in the fine regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Yakar S, Isaksson O. Regulation of skeletal growth and mineral acquisition by the GH/IGF-1 axis: Lessons from mouse models. Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 28:26-42. [PMID: 26432542 PMCID: PMC4809789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) and its downstream mediator, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), construct a pleotropic axis affecting growth, metabolism, and organ function. Serum levels of GH/IGF-1 rise during pubertal growth and associate with peak bone acquisition, while during aging their levels decline and associate with bone loss. The GH/IGF-1 axis was extensively studied in numerous biological systems including rodent models and cell cultures. Both hormones act in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion and understanding their distinct and overlapping contributions to skeletal acquisition is still a matter of debate. GH and IGF-1 exert their effects on osteogenic cells via binding to their cognate receptor, leading to activation of an array of genes that mediate cellular differentiation and function. Both hormones interact with other skeletal regulators, such as sex-steroids, thyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone, to facilitate skeletal growth and metabolism. In this review we summarized several rodent models of the GH/IGF-1 axis and described key experiments that shed new light on the regulation of skeletal growth by the GH/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010-408
| | - Olle Isaksson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Liu Z, Mohan S, Yakar S. Does the GH/IGF-1 axis contribute to skeletal sexual dimorphism? Evidence from mouse studies. Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 27:7-17. [PMID: 26843472 PMCID: PMC5488285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the gonadotropic axis to skeletal sexual dimorphism (SSD) was clarified in recent years. Studies with animal models of estrogen receptor (ER) or androgen receptor (AR) null mice, as well as mice with bone cell-specific ablation of ER or AR, revealed that both hormones play major roles in skeletal acquisition, and that estrogen regulates skeletal accrual in both sexes. The growth hormone (GH) and its downstream effector, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are also major determinants of peak bone mass during puberty and young adulthood, and play important roles in maintaining bone integrity during aging. A few studies in both humans and animal models suggest that in addition to the differences in sex steroid actions on bone, sex-specific effects of GH and IGF-1 play essential roles in SSD. However, the contributions of the somatotropic (GH/IGF-1) axis to SSD are controversial and data is difficult to interpret. GH/IGF-1 are pleotropic hormones that act in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion on multiple tissues, affecting body composition as well as metabolism. Thus, understanding the contribution of the somatotropic axis to SSD requires the use of mouse models that will differentiate between these two modes of action. Elucidation of the relative contribution of GH/IGF-1 axis to SSD is significant because GH is approved for the treatment of normal children with short stature and children with congenital growth disorders. Thus, if the GH/IGF-1 axis determines SSD, treatment with GH may be tailored according to sex. In the following review, we give an overview of the roles of sex steroids in determining SSD and how they may interact with the GH/IGF-1 axis in bone. We summarize several mouse models with impaired somatotropic axis and speculate on the possible contribution of that axis to SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010-408, US
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010-408, US.
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Tagliaferri C, Wittrant Y, Davicco MJ, Walrand S, Coxam V. Muscle and bone, two interconnected tissues. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 21:55-70. [PMID: 25804855 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As bones are levers for skeletal muscle to exert forces, both are complementary and essential for locomotion and individual autonomy. In the past decades, the idea of a bone-muscle unit has emerged. Numerous studies have confirmed this hypothesis from in utero to aging works. Space flight, bed rest as well as osteoporosis and sarcopenia experimentations have allowed to accumulate considerable evidence. Mechanical loading is a key mechanism linking both tissues with a central promoting role of physical activity. Moreover, the skeletal muscle secretome accounts various molecules that affect bone including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-15, myostatin, osteoglycin (OGN), FAM5C, Tmem119 and osteoactivin. Even though studies on the potential effects of bone on muscle metabolism are sparse, few osteokines have been identified. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Wnt3a, which are secreted by osteocytes, osteocalcin (OCN) and IGF-1, which are produced by osteoblasts and sclerostin which is secreted by both cell types, might impact skeletal muscle cells. Cartilage and adipose tissue are also likely to participate to this control loop and should not be set aside. Indeed, chondrocytes are known to secrete Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and adipocytes produce leptin, adiponectin and IL-6, which potentially modulate bone and muscle metabolisms. The understanding of this system will enable to define new levers to prevent/treat sarcopenia and osteoporosis at the same time. These strategies might include nutritional interventions and physical exercise.
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Philippou A, Barton ER. Optimizing IGF-I for skeletal muscle therapeutics. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:157-163. [PMID: 25002025 PMCID: PMC4665094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is virtually undisputed that IGF-I promotes cell growth and survival. However, the presence of several IGF-I isoforms, vast numbers of intracellular signaling components, and multiple receptors results in a complex and highly regulated system by which IGF-I actions are mediated. IGF-I has long been recognized as one of the critical factors for coordinating muscle growth, enhancing muscle repair, and increasing muscle mass and strength. How to optimize this panoply of pathways to drive anabolic processes in muscle as opposed to aberrant growth in other tissues is an area that deserves focus. This review will address how advances in the bioavailability, potency, and tissue response of IGF-I can provide new potential directions for skeletal muscle therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Högler W, Martin DD, Crabtree N, Nightingale P, Tomlinson J, Metherell L, Rosenfeld R, Hwa V, Rose S, Walker J, Shaw N, Barrett T, Frystyk J. IGFALS gene dosage effects on serum IGF-I and glucose metabolism, body composition, bone growth in length and width, and the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human IGF-I administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E703-12. [PMID: 24423360 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acid labile subunit (ALS) deficiency, caused by IGFALS mutations, is a subtype of primary IGF-I deficiency (PIGFD) and has been associated with insulin resistance (IR) and osteopenia. Whether patients respond to recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) is unknown. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This study determined the 14-hour pharmacokinetic response of free and total IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) to a single sc dose of rhIGF-I (120 μg/kg) in four ALS-deficient patients, compared with severe PIGFD, moderate PIGFD, and controls. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests, fasting blood levels, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and metacarpal radiogrammetry were performed in the four patients and 12 heterozygous family members. RESULTS IGF-I and IGFBP-3 increased above baseline (P < .05) for 2.5 hours, returning to baseline 7 hours after rhIGF-I injection. Mean (SD) IGF-I Z-score increased by 2.49 (0.90), whereas IGFBP-3 Z-score increased by 0.57 (0.10) only. IGF-I elimination rates in ALS deficiency were similar, but the IGF-I increment was lower than those for severe PIGFD. Significant gene dosage effects were found for all IGF-I peptides, height, forearm muscle size, and metacarpal width. Bone analysis showed that ALS deficiency creates a phenotype of slender bones with normal size-corrected density. Abnormal glucose handling and IR was found in three of four patients and 6 of 12 carriers. CONCLUSIONS These gene dosage effects demonstrate that one functional IGFALS allele is insufficient to maintain normal ALS levels, endocrine IGF-I action, full growth potential, muscle size, and periosteal expansion. Similar gene dosage effects may exist for parameters of IR. Despite similar IGF-I elimination compared with severe PIGFD, ALS-deficient patients cannot mount a similar response. Alternative ways of rhIGF-I administration should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Högler
- Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes (W.H., N.S., T.B.) and Nuclear Medicine (N.C.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, B4 6NH Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (D.D.M.), University Children's Hospital, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (P.N.), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (J.T., T.B.), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute (L.M.), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (R.R.), Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239; Department of Paediatrics (S.R.), Heartlands Hospital, B9 5SS Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (J.W.), Portsmouth Hospital, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, United Kingdom; and Medical Research Laboratory (J.F.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
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Xu X, Hueckstaedt LK, Ren J. Deficiency of insulin-like growth factor 1 attenuates aging-induced changes in hepatic function: role of autophagy. J Hepatol 2013; 59:308-17. [PMID: 23583271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a pivotal role in mediating the aging process. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of liver IGF-1 deficiency (LID) on aging-induced changes in hepatic function and underlying mechanisms, with a focus on autophagy. METHODS Plasma and liver samples were obtained from young (3-mo) and aged (24-mo) wild type (WT) and LID mice. Levels of AST, ALT, triglyceride, hepatic lipofuscin, steatosis, fibrosis, and nuclear morphology were analyzed. Western blot was employed to evaluate autophagy. Human HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA) to mimic hepatic aging in the absence or presence of IGF-1 siRNA. SA-β-gal activity was detected using flow cytometry and a fluorescence microplate reader. GFP-LC3 was used to assess autophagy activity in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Median survival was longer in LID mice compared with WT mice. Aging was associated with elevated levels of triglyceride, AST and ALT, lipofuscin accumulation, steatosis, fibrosis and nuclear injury, which were significantly attenuated by liver IGF-1 deficiency. Levels of autophagy were suppressed in senescent livers, the effect was reversed in the liver of IGF-1 deficient mice. In HepG2 cells, FFA induced the accumulation of β-gal, which was dramatically suppressed by IGF-1 knockdown. Importantly, inhibiting autophagy using 3-methyladenine mitigated IGF-1 knockdown-induced preservation of autophagic vacuole formation and inhibition of β-gal accumulation in the presence of FFA in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that IGF-1 deficiency ameliorated aging-induced hepatic injury, possibly through preventing a concomitant diminution in autophagy. These data provide new insight into the role of IGF-1 and autophagy in the management of aging-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Bartke A, Sun LY, Longo V. Somatotropic signaling: trade-offs between growth, reproductive development, and longevity. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:571-98. [PMID: 23589828 PMCID: PMC3768106 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a key determinant of postnatal growth and plays an important role in the control of metabolism and body composition. Surprisingly, deficiency in GH signaling delays aging and remarkably extends longevity in laboratory mice. In GH-deficient and GH-resistant animals, the "healthspan" is also extended with delays in cognitive decline and in the onset of age-related disease. The role of hormones homologous to insulin-like growth factor (IGF, an important mediator of GH actions) in the control of aging and lifespan is evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals with some homologies extending to unicellular yeast. The combination of reduced GH, IGF-I, and insulin signaling likely contributes to extended longevity in GH or GH receptor-deficient organisms. Diminutive body size and reduced fecundity of GH-deficient and GH-resistant mice can be viewed as trade-offs for extended longevity. Mechanisms responsible for delayed aging of GH-related mutants include enhanced stress resistance and xenobiotic metabolism, reduced inflammation, improved insulin signaling, and various metabolic adjustments. Pathological excess of GH reduces life expectancy in men as well as in mice, and GH resistance or deficiency provides protection from major age-related diseases, including diabetes and cancer, in both species. However, there is yet no evidence of increased longevity in GH-resistant or GH-deficient humans, possibly due to non-age-related deaths. Results obtained in GH-related mutant mice provide striking examples of mutations of a single gene delaying aging, reducing age-related disease, and extending lifespan in a mammal and providing novel experimental systems for the study of mechanisms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Research, Springfield, Illinois 62703, USA.
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Barton ER, Park S, James JK, Makarewich CA, Philippou A, Eletto D, Lei H, Brisson B, Ostrovsky O, Li Z, Argon Y. Deletion of muscle GRP94 impairs both muscle and body growth by inhibiting local IGF production. FASEB J 2012; 26:3691-702. [PMID: 22649033 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-203026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are critical for development and growth of skeletal muscles, but because several tissues produce IGFs, it is not clear which source is necessary or sufficient for muscle growth. Because it is critical for production of both IGF-I and IGF-II, we ablated glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in murine striated muscle to test the necessity of local IGFs for normal muscle growth. These mice exhibited smaller skeletal muscles with diminished IGF contents but with normal contractile function and no apparent endoplasmic reticulum stress response. This result shows that muscles rely on GRP94 primarily to support local production of IGFs, a pool that is necessary for normal muscle growth. In addition, body weights were ∼30% smaller than those of littermate controls, and circulating IGF-I also decreased significantly, yet glucose homeostasis was maintained with little disruption to the growth hormone pathway. The growth defect was complemented on administration of recombinant IGF-I. Thus, unlike liver production of IGF-I, muscle IGF-I is necessary not only locally but also globally for whole-body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Novosyadlyy R, Leroith D. Insulin-like growth factors and insulin: at the crossroad between tumor development and longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:640-51. [PMID: 22421704 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence indicate that insulin-like growth factor signaling plays an important role in the regulation of life span and tumor development. In the present paper, the role of individual components of insulin-like growth factor signaling in aging and tumor development has been extensively analyzed. The molecular mechanisms underlying aging and tumor development are frequently overlapping. Although the link between reduced insulin-like growth factor signaling and suppressed tumor growth and development is well established, it remains unclear whether extended life span results from direct suppression of insulin-like growth factor signaling or this effect is caused by indirect mechanisms such as improved insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Novosyadlyy
- Department of Cell Biology, Imclone Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co, New York, USA
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Abstract
With an increase in the average life span especially in the Western hemisphere, there is renewed interest in treating maladies of old age including osteoporosis. Age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis substantially increase risk of fractures and morbidity in the geriatric population leading to both a decline in the quality of life for the elderly as well as a substantial burden on the health care system. Herein, we review recent research in murine and rodent models looking at how both extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as hormones, biochemicals, neuromodulators, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, nutrition, and exercise influence the skeleton with age. Recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow, and the fate of the marrow mesenchymal stromal cell population, which can give rise to either bone-forming osteoblasts or fat-forming adipocytic cells as a function of age, have also been highlighted. An appreciable range of studies using aging murine as well as cellular models are discussed, as these studies have broadened our understanding of the pathways and players in the aging bone. Impactful information regarding aging and the bone may then allow the application of better pharmacologic as well as nonpharmacologic regimens to alleviate bone loss due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Syed
- Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01545, USA.
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