1
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Zhang Z, Xu X, Zhang D, Zhao S, Wang C, Zhang G, Chen W, Liu J, Gong H, Rixiati Y, Li S, Shen T, Li J. Targeting Erbin-mitochondria axis in platelets/megakaryocytes promotes B cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Cell Metab 2024; 36:541-556.e9. [PMID: 38232736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The roles of platelets/megakaryocytes (MKs), the key components in the blood system, in the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity are unclear. In patients with colorectal cancer, the number of platelets was significantly increased in patients with metastasis, and Erbin expression was highly expressed in platelets from patients with metastases. Moreover, Erbin knockout in platelets/MKs suppressed lung metastasis in mice and promoted aggregations of platelets. Mechanistically, Erbin-deficient platelets have increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and secrete lipid metabolites like acyl-carnitine (Acar) by abolishing interaction with prothrombotic protein ESAM. Notably, Acar enhanced the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in B cells by acetylation of H3K27 epigenetically. Targeting Erbin in platelets/MKs by a nanovesicle system dramatically attenuated lung metastasis in mice in vivo. Our study identifies an Erbin-mitochondria axis in platelets/MKs, which suppresses B cell-mediated antitumor immunity, suggesting a new way for the treatment of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songsong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenshu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinglin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Shi Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China.
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2
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Falcione S, Spronk E, Munsterman D, Joy T, Boghozian R, Jickling GC. Sex Differences in Thrombin Generation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01200-1. [PMID: 37987986 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in stroke exist, including variation in stroke risk and outcome. Differences in thrombin generation may contribute to this variation between females and males. To examine this, we assessed sex differences in thrombin generation between females and males with acute ischemic stroke and the relationship to blood cell gene expression. In 97 patients with acute ischemic stroke, thrombin generation was measured by thrombin generation assay. Blood cell gene expression was measured by microarray. Differences in thrombin generation between sexes were identified and the relationship to blood cell gene expression examined. Genes associated with sex differences in thrombin generation were analyzed by functional pathway analysis. Females and males had similar overall capacity to generate thrombin. The peak thrombin generated in females was 468.8 nM (SD 91.6), comparable to males (479.3nM;SD 90.8; p = 0.58). Lag time, time to peak thrombin, and endogenous thrombin potential were also similar between females and males. While overall thrombin generation was comparable between females and males with stroke, differences in genes that promote this thrombin generation exist. Females with high peak thrombin had an increase in genes that promote thrombosis, and platelet activation. In contrast, males with high peak thrombin had a decrease in genes involved in thrombus degradation. Females and males with acute ischemic stroke have similar capacity to generate thrombin, however, differences may exist in how this thrombin generation is achieved, with females having increased thrombin signaling, and platelet activation, and males having decreased thrombus degradation. This suggests regulatory differences in thrombosis may exist between females and males that may contribute to sex differences in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Falcione
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada.
| | - Elena Spronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Danielle Munsterman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Twinkle Joy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Roobina Boghozian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 11315 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, T6G 2H5, Canada
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3
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Hansmeier NR, Büschlen IS, Behncke RY, Ulferts S, Bisoendial R, Hägerling R. 3D Visualization of Human Blood Vascular Networks Using Single-Domain Antibodies Directed against Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule (ESAM). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084369. [PMID: 35457187 PMCID: PMC9028812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality three-dimensional (3D) microscopy allows detailed, unrestricted and non-destructive imaging of entire volumetric tissue specimens and can therefore increase the diagnostic accuracy of histopathological tissue analysis. However, commonly used IgG antibodies are oftentimes not applicable to 3D imaging, due to their relatively large size and consequently inadequate tissue penetration and penetration speed. The lack of suitable reagents for 3D histopathology can be overcome by an emerging class of single-domain antibodies, referred to as nanobodies (Nbs), which can facilitate rapid and superior 2D and 3D histological stainings. Here, we report the generation and experimental validation of Nbs directed against the human endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (hESAM), which enables spatial visualization of blood vascular networks in whole-mount 3D imaging. After analysis of Nb binding properties and quality, selected Nb clones were validated in 2D and 3D imaging approaches, demonstrating comparable staining qualities to commercially available hESAM antibodies in 2D, as well as rapid and complete staining of entire specimens in 3D. We propose that the presented hESAM-Nbs can serve as novel blood vessel markers in academic research and can potentially improve 3D histopathological diagnostics of entire human tissue specimens, leading to improved treatment and superior patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rouven Hansmeier
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Sophie Büschlen
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rose Yinghan Behncke
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Ulferts
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radjesh Bisoendial
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Maasstad Hospital, Maasstadweg 21, 3079 DZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Hägerling
- Research Group ‘Lymphovascular Medicine and Translational 3D-Histopathology’, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (N.R.H.); (I.S.B.); (R.Y.B.); (S.U.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Research Group ‘Development and Disease’, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Zhang Y, Diamond SL. Src family kinases inhibition by dasatinib blocks initial and subsequent platelet deposition on collagen under flow, but lacks efficacy with thrombin generation. Thromb Res 2020; 192:141-151. [PMID: 32480168 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors can pose bleeding risks as platelet signaling evolves during clotting. Using microfluidics (200 s-1 wall shear rate) to perfuse Factor XIIa-inhibited or thrombin-inhibited whole blood (WB) over collagen ± tissue factor (TF), we explored the potency of the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor dasatinib or the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor GS-9973 present at clot initiation or added after 90 s (via rapid switch to inhibitor-pretreated WB). When initially present, dasatinib potently inhibited platelet deposition on collagen (no TF). Furthermore, dasatinib immediately inhibited subsequent platelet deposition when introduced 90 s after clot initiation. However, when thrombin was generated, dasatinib was markedly less potent against platelet deposition on collagen/TF (but blocked fibrin deposition) and had no effect when added 90 s after clot initiation. Similarly, dasatinib added at 90 s had no effect on clotting on collagen/TF when fibrin was also blocked with Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, indicating that strong thrombin-induced signaling (but not fibrin-induced signaling) can bypass the SFK inhibition at later times. The Syk inhibitor GS-9973 was less potent than dasatinib when present initially, but inhibited clot growth when added at 90 s, even in the presence of thrombin (±fibrin). Interestingly, the active form (R-406) of fostamatinib inhibits platelet function in only 2 0f 5 healthy blood samples. SFK-inhibitors may have reduced antithrombotic activity and reduced bleeding risks in settings of high TF and local thrombin generation. For oncology patients, SFK-inhibitors like dasatinib may have reduced antithrombotic activity and reduced bleeding risk in settings of local thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Duong CN, Nottebaum AF, Butz S, Volkery S, Zeuschner D, Stehling M, Vestweber D. Interference With ESAM (Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule) Plus Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin Causes Immediate Lethality and Lung-Specific Blood Coagulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:378-393. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is of dominant importance for the formation and stability of endothelial junctions, yet induced gene inactivation enhances vascular permeability in the lung but does not cause junction rupture. This study aims at identifying the junctional adhesion molecule, which is responsible for preventing endothelial junction rupture in the pulmonary vasculature in the absence of VE-cadherin.
Approach and Results:
We have compared the relevance of ESAM (endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule), JAM (junctional adhesion molecule)-A, PECAM (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule)-1, and VE-cadherin for vascular barrier integrity in various mouse tissues. Gene inactivation of ESAM enhanced vascular permeability in the lung but not in the heart, skin, and brain. In contrast, deletion of JAM-A or PECAM-1 did not affect barrier integrity in any of these organs. Blocking VE-cadherin with antibodies caused lethality in ESAM
−/−
mice within 30 minutes but had no such effect in JAM-A
−/−
, PECAM-1
−/−
or wild-type mice. Likewise, induced gene inactivation of VE-cadherin caused rapid lethality only in the absence of ESAM. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that only combined interference with VE-cadherin and ESAM disrupted endothelial junctions and caused massive blood coagulation in the lung. Mechanistically, we could exclude a role of platelet ESAM in coagulation, changes in the expression of other junctional proteins or a contribution of cytoplasmic signaling domains of ESAM.
Conclusions:
Despite well-documented roles of JAM-A and PECAM-1 for the regulation of endothelial junctions, only for ESAM, we detected an essential role for endothelial barrier integrity in a tissue-specific way. In addition, we found that it is ESAM which prevents endothelial junction rupture in the lung when VE-cadherin is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Nguyen Duong
- From the Department of Vascular Cell Biology (C.N.D., A.F.N., S.B., S.V., D.V.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid F. Nottebaum
- From the Department of Vascular Cell Biology (C.N.D., A.F.N., S.B., S.V., D.V.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Butz
- From the Department of Vascular Cell Biology (C.N.D., A.F.N., S.B., S.V., D.V.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Volkery
- From the Department of Vascular Cell Biology (C.N.D., A.F.N., S.B., S.V., D.V.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy and Flow Cytometry Unit (D.Z., M.S.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Electron Microscopy and Flow Cytometry Unit (D.Z., M.S.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- From the Department of Vascular Cell Biology (C.N.D., A.F.N., S.B., S.V., D.V.), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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6
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Vermeersch E, Nuyttens BP, Tersteeg C, Broos K, De Meyer SF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Functional Genomics for the Identification of Modulators of Platelet-Dependent Thrombus Formation. TH OPEN 2019; 2:e272-e279. [PMID: 31249951 PMCID: PMC6524883 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the absence of the genome in platelets, transcription profiling provides important insights into platelet function and can help clarify abnormalities in platelet disorders. The Bloodomics Consortium performed whole-genome expression analysis comparing in vitro–differentiated megakaryocytes (MKs) with in vitro–differentiated erythroblasts and different blood cell types. This allowed the identification of genes with upregulated expression in MKs compared with all other cell lineages, among the receptors BAMBI, LRRC32, ESAM, and DCBLD2. In a later correlative analysis of genome-wide platelet RNA expression with interindividual human platelet reactivity, LLRFIP and COMMD7 were additionally identified. A functional genomics approach using morpholino-based silencing in zebrafish identified various roles for all of these selected genes in thrombus formation. In this review, we summarize the role of the six identified genes in zebrafish and discuss how they correlate with subsequently performed mouse experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vermeersch
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Broos
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Simon F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
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7
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Huang J, Li X, Shi X, Zhu M, Wang J, Huang S, Huang X, Wang H, Li L, Deng H, Zhou Y, Mao J, Long Z, Ma Z, Ye W, Pan J, Xi X, Jin J. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3: signal transduction, regulation, and its therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30845955 PMCID: PMC6407232 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoprotein signaling receptors that can transmit bioinformation bidirectionally across the plasma membrane. Integrin αIIbβ3 is expressed at a high level in platelets and their progenitors, where it plays a central role in platelet functions, hemostasis, and arterial thrombosis. Integrin αIIbβ3 also participates in cancer progression, such as tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In resting platelets, integrin αIIbβ3 adopts an inactive conformation. Upon agonist stimulation, the transduction of inside-out signals leads integrin αIIbβ3 to switch from a low- to high-affinity state for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding causes integrin clustering and subsequently promotes outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events to drive essential platelet functions such as spreading, aggregation, clot retraction, and thrombus consolidation. Regulation of the bidirectional signaling of integrin αIIbβ3 requires the involvement of numerous interacting proteins, which associate with the cytoplasmic tails of αIIbβ3 in particular. Integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways are considered promising targets for antithrombotic therapy. This review describes the bidirectional signal transduction of integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets, as well as the proteins responsible for its regulation and therapeutic agents that target integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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9
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Simonian M, Shirasaki D, Lee VS, Bervini D, Grace M, Loo RRO, Loo JA, Molloy MP, Stoodley MA. Proteomics identification of radiation-induced changes of membrane proteins in the rat model of arteriovenous malformation in pursuit of targets for brain AVM molecular therapy. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:43. [PMID: 30602943 PMCID: PMC6305998 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid identification of novel targets and advancement of a vascular targeting strategy requires a comprehensive assessment of AVM endothelial membrane protein changes in response to irradiation. The aim of this study is to provide additional potential target protein molecules for evaluation in animal trials to promote intravascular thrombosis in AVM vessels post radiosurgery. Methods We employed in vivo biotinylation methodology that we developed, to label membrane proteins in the rat model of AVM post radiosurgery. Mass spectrometry expression (MSE) analysis was used to identify and quantify surface protein expression between irradiated and non irradiated rats, which mimics a radiosurgical treatment approach. Results Our proteomics data revealed differentially expressed membrane proteins between irradiated and non irradiated rats, e.g. profilin-1, ESM-1, ion channel proteins, annexin A2 and lumican. Conclusion This work provides additional potential target protein molecules for evaluation in animal trials to promote intravascular thrombosis in AVM vessels post radiosurgery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12014-018-9217-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Simonian
- 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia.,2Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dyna Shirasaki
- 2Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Vivienne S Lee
- 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - David Bervini
- 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia.,3Neurosurgery Department, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grace
- 4Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo
- 2Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Joseph A Loo
- 2Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mark P Molloy
- 5Department of Chemistry and Bimolecular Sciences, Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia.,Lawrence Penn Chair of Bowel Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcus A Stoodley
- 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
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10
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Heterocellular molecular contacts in the mammalian stem cell niche. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:442-461. [PMID: 30025618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis and repair relies on prompt and appropriate intervention by tissue-specific adult stem cells (SCs). SCs have the ability to self-renew; upon appropriate stimulation, they proliferate and give rise to specialized cells. An array of environmental signals is important for maintenance of the SC pool and SC survival, behavior, and fate. Within this special microenvironment, commonly known as the stem cell niche (SCN), SC behavior and fate are regulated by soluble molecules and direct molecular contacts via adhesion molecules providing connections to local supporting cells and the extracellular matrix. Besides the extensively discussed array of soluble molecules, the expression of adhesion molecules and molecular contacts is another fundamental mechanism regulating niche occupancy and SC mobilization upon activation. Some adhesion molecules are differentially expressed and have tissue-specific consequences, likely reflecting the structural differences in niche composition and design, especially the presence or absence of a stromal counterpart. However, the distribution and identity of intercellular molecular contacts for adhesion and adhesion-mediated signaling within stromal and non-stromal SCN have not been thoroughly studied. This review highlights common details or significant differences in cell-to-cell contacts within representative stromal and non-stromal niches that could unveil new standpoints for stem cell biology and therapy.
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Stefanini L, Bergmeier W. Negative regulators of platelet activation and adhesion. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:220-230. [PMID: 29193689 PMCID: PMC5809258 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleated cells that constantly patrol the cardiovascular system to preserve its integrity and prevent excessive blood loss where the vessel lining is breached. Their key challenge is to form a hemostatic plug under conditions of high shear forces. To do so, platelets have evolved a molecular machinery that enables them to sense trace amounts of signals at the site of damage and to rapidly shift from a non-adhesive to a pro-adhesive state. However, this highly efficient molecular machinery can also lead to unintended platelet activation and cause clinical complications such as thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Thus, several checkpoints are in place to tightly control platelet activation and adhesiveness in space and time. In this review, we will discuss select negative regulators of platelet activation, which are critical to maintain patrolling platelets in a quiescent, non-adhesive state and/or to limit platelet adhesion to sites of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - W Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Vermeersch E, Denorme F, Maes W, De Meyer SF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Edwards J, Shevach EM, Unutmaz D, Fujii H, Deckmyn H, Tersteeg C. The role of platelet and endothelial GARP in thrombosis and hemostasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173329. [PMID: 28278197 PMCID: PMC5344406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoprotein-A Repetitions Predominant protein (GARP or LRRC32) is present on among others human platelets and endothelial cells. Evidence for its involvement in thrombus formation was suggested by full knockout of GARP in zebrafish. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of GARP in platelet physiology and in thrombus formation using platelet and endothelial conditional GARP knock out mice. METHODS Platelet and endothelial specific GARP knockout mice were generated using the Cre-loxP recombination system. The function of platelets without GARP was measured by flow cytometry, spreading analysis and aggregometry using PAR4-activating peptide and collagen related peptide. Additionally, clot retraction and collagen-induced platelet adhesion and aggregation under flow were analyzed. Finally, in vivo tail bleeding time, occlusion time of the mesenteric and carotid artery after FeCl3-induced thrombosis were determined in platelet and endothelial specific GARP knock out mice. RESULTS Platelet specific GARP knockout mice had normal surface GPIb, GPVI and integrin αIIb glycoprotein expression. Although GARP expression was increased upon platelet activation, platelets without GARP displayed normal agonist induced activation, spreading on fibrinogen and aggregation responses. Furthermore, absence of GARP on platelets did not influence clot retraction and had no impact on thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under flow. In line with this, neither the tail bleeding time nor the occlusion time in the carotid- and mesenteric artery after FeCl3-induced thrombus formation in platelet or endothelial specific GARP knock out mice were affected. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is provided that platelet and endothelial GARP are not important in hemostasis and thrombosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vermeersch
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Frederik Denorme
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Maes
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Simon F. De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Justin Edwards
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Hodaka Fujii
- Chromatin Biochemistry Research Group, Combined Program on Microbiology and Immunology Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Vaquero J, Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires TH, Clapéron A, Fouassier L. Role of the PDZ-scaffold protein NHERF1/EBP50 in cancer biology: from signaling regulation to clinical relevance. Oncogene 2017; 36:3067-3079. [PMID: 28068322 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of cellular information requires fine and subtle regulation of proteins that need to interact in a coordinated and specific way to form efficient signaling networks. The spatial and temporal coordination relies on scaffold proteins. Thanks to protein interaction domains such as PDZ domains, scaffold proteins organize multiprotein complexes enabling the proper transmission of cellular information through intracellular networks. NHERF1/EBP50 is a PDZ-scaffold protein that was initially identified as an organizer and regulator of transporters and channels at the apical side of epithelia through actin-binding ezrin-moesin-radixin proteins. Since, NHERF1/EBP50 has emerged as a major regulator of cancer signaling network by assembling cancer-related proteins. The PDZ-scaffold EBP50 carries either anti-tumor or pro-tumor functions, two antinomic functions dictated by EBP50 expression or subcellular localization. The dual function of NHERF1/EBP50 encompasses the regulation of several major signaling pathways engaged in cancer, including the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR and EGFR, PI3K/PTEN/AKT and Wnt-β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vaquero
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,FONDATION ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - T H Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,FONDATION ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - A Clapéron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - L Fouassier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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14
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Unsworth AJ, Bye AP, Gibbins JM. Platelet-Derived Inhibitors of Platelet Activation. PLATELETS IN THROMBOTIC AND NON-THROMBOTIC DISORDERS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123044 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Bye AP, Unsworth AJ, Gibbins JM. Platelet signaling: a complex interplay between inhibitory and activatory networks. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:918-30. [PMID: 26929147 PMCID: PMC4879507 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis is dependent on a complex balance of activatory and inhibitory signaling pathways. Inhibitory signals released from the healthy vasculature suppress platelet activation in the absence of platelet receptor agonists. Activatory signals present at a site of injury initiate platelet activation and thrombus formation; subsequently, endogenous negative signaling regulators dampen activatory signals to control thrombus growth. Understanding the complex interplay between activatory and inhibitory signaling networks is an emerging challenge in the study of platelet biology, and necessitates a systematic approach to utilize experimental data effectively. In this review, we will explore the key points of platelet regulation and signaling that maintain platelets in a resting state, mediate activation to elicit thrombus formation, or provide negative feedback. Platelet signaling will be described in terms of key signaling molecules that are common to the pathways activated by platelet agonists and can be described as regulatory nodes for both positive and negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Bye
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - A J Unsworth
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J M Gibbins
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Ishibashi T, Yokota T, Tanaka H, Ichii M, Sudo T, Satoh Y, Doi Y, Ueda T, Tanimura A, Hamanaka Y, Ezoe S, Shibayama H, Oritani K, Kanakura Y. ESAM is a novel human hematopoietic stem cell marker associated with a subset of human leukemias. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:269-81.e1. [PMID: 26774386 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reliable markers are essential to increase our understanding of the biological features of human hematopoietic stem cells and to facilitate the application of hematopoietic stem cells in the field of transplantation and regenerative medicine. We previously identified endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) as a novel functional marker of hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Here, we found that ESAM can also be used to purify human hematopoietic stem cells from all the currently available sources (adult bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and cord blood). Multipotent colony-forming units and long-term hematopoietic-reconstituting cells in immunodeficient mice were found exclusively in the ESAM(High) fraction of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells. The CD34(+)CD38(-) fraction of cord blood and collagenase-treated bone marrow contained cells exhibiting extremely high expression of ESAM; these cells are likely to be related to the endothelial lineage. Leukemia cell lines of erythroid and megakaryocyte origin, but not those of myeloid or lymphoid descent, were ESAM positive. However, high ESAM expression was observed in some primary acute myeloid leukemia cells. Furthermore, KG-1a myeloid leukemia cells switched from ESAM negative to ESAM positive with repeated leukemia reconstitution in vivo. Thus, ESAM is a useful marker for studying both human hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ishibashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Sudo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Lifestyle Studies, Kobe Shoin Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukiko Doi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Hamanaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ezoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Soluble endothelial cell selective adhesion molecule and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary disease: A report from the Heart and Soul Study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:546-52. [PMID: 26523992 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) is selectively expressed on vascular endothelium and is postulated to play a role in atherogenesis. We investigated the association of serum soluble ESAM (sESAM) levels with subsequent cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. METHODS We measured sESAM levels in 981 patients with stable coronary disease enrolled between September 2000 and December 2002 in a prospective cohort study. Poisson regression models were used to define the relationship between baseline sESAM levels and cardiovascular outcomes, including myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality. RESULTS There were 293 occurrences of the composite endpoint over a median follow-up of 8.9 years. After adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors, participants in the highest sESAM quartile (compared to the lower three sESAM quartiles) had a higher rate of the composite endpoint (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.52 (95% CI 1.16-1.99) as well as of its individual components: myocardial infarction (IRR 1.64 (1.06-2.55)), heart failure hospitalizations (IRR 1.96 (1.32-2.81)), and death (IRR 1.5 (1.2-1.89)). These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS sESAM levels associate with myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death after adjustment for demographic and clinical risk factors, but not after adjustment for kidney function. sESAM may be involved in the pathogenesis of concurrent kidney and cardiovascular disease.
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Kacso IM, Potra AR, Bondor CI, Moldovan D, Rusu C, Patiu IM, Racasan S, Orasan R, Moldovan R, Ghigolea B, Vladutiu D, Spanu C, Nita C, Rusu A. ESAM predicts cardiovascular mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Biomarkers 2015; 20:323-7. [PMID: 26329529 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1068866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess endothelial cell selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in diabetic dialysis patients (DDPs). METHODS ESAM, clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed in 73 DDP. Cardiovascular mortality was recorded in a 2 years' prospective observational study. RESULTS Baseline ESAM was 17.1 (10.05-24.8) ng/ml and was correlated to phosphate (r = -0.42, p = 0.008), parathormone (r = -0.36, p = 0.048), albumin (r = -0.24, p = 0.048). ESAM significantly predicted cardiovascular death in univariate [HR = 1.03, 95% CI (1.006-1.054), p = 0.01] and multivariate [HR = 1.034, 95% CI (1.003-1.066), p = 0.03] Cox analysis. Time to cardiovascular death was shorter for patients with ESAM >12.44 ng/ml, p = 0.0045. CONCLUSION ESAM is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in DDP.
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19
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Karshovska E, Zhao Z, Blanchet X, Schmitt MMN, Bidzhekov K, Soehnlein O, von Hundelshausen P, Mattheij NJ, Cosemans JMEM, Megens RTA, Koeppel TA, Schober A, Hackeng TM, Weber C, Koenen RR. Hyperreactivity of junctional adhesion molecule A-deficient platelets accelerates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. Circ Res 2014; 116:587-99. [PMID: 25472975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Besides their essential role in hemostasis, platelets also have functions in inflammation. In platelets, junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A was previously identified as an inhibitor of integrin αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling and its genetic knockdown resulted in hyperreactivity. OBJECTIVE This gain-of-function was specifically exploited to investigate the role of platelet hyperreactivity in plaque development. METHODS AND RESULTS JAM-A-deficient platelets showed increased aggregation and cellular and sarcoma tyrosine-protein kinase activation. On αIIbβ3 ligation, JAM-A was shown to be dephosphorylated, which could be prevented by protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1 inhibition. Mice with or without platelet-specific (tr)JAM-A-deficiency in an apolipoprotein e (apoe(-/-)) background were fed a high-fat diet. After ≤12 weeks of diet, trJAM-A(-/-)apoe-/- mice showed increased aortic plaque formation when compared with trJAM-A(+/+) apoe(-/-) controls, and these differences were most evident at early time points. At 2 weeks, the plaques of the trJAM-A(-/-) apoe(-/-) animals revealed increased macrophage, T cell, and smooth muscle cell content. Interestingly, plasma levels of chemokines CC chemokine ligand 5 and CXC-chemokine ligand 4 were increased in the trJAM-A(-/-) apoe(-/-)mice, and JAM-A-deficient platelets showed increased binding to monocytes and neutrophils. Whole-blood perfusion experiments and intravital microscopy revealed increased recruitment of platelets and monocytes to the inflamed endothelium in blood of trJAM-A(-/-) apoe(-/-)mice. Notably, these proinflammatory effects of JAM-A-deficient platelets could be abolished by the inhibition of αIIbβ3 signaling in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of JAM-A causes a gain-of-function in platelets, with lower activation thresholds and increased inflammatory activities. This leads to an increase of plaque formation, particularly in early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Karshovska
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Zhen Zhao
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Martin M N Schmitt
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Kiril Bidzhekov
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Nadine J Mattheij
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Remco T A Megens
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Thomas A Koeppel
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.)
| | - Rory R Koenen
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK) (E.K., Z.Z., X.B., M.M.N.S., K.B., O.S., P.v.H., R.T.A.M., A.S., C.W., R.R.K.) and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Z.Z., T.A.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands (O.S.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (O.S., P.v.H., A.S., C.W.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (N.J.M., J.M.E.M.C., R.T.A.M., T.M.H., C.W., R.R.K.).
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EphB2 regulates contact-dependent and contact-independent signaling to control platelet function. Blood 2014; 125:720-30. [PMID: 25370417 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-585083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph kinases, EphA4 and EphB1, and their ligand, ephrinB1, have been previously reported to be present in platelets where they contribute to thrombus stability. Although thrombus formation allows for Eph-ephrin engagement and bidirectional signaling, the importance specifically of Eph kinase or ephrin signaling in regulating platelet function remained unidentified. In the present study, a genetic approach was used in mice to establish the contribution of signaling orchestrated by the cytoplasmic domain of EphB2 (a newly discovered Eph kinase in platelets) in platelet activation and thrombus formation. We conclude that EphB2 signaling is involved in the regulation of thrombus formation and clot retraction. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic tail of this Eph kinase regulates initial platelet activation in a contact-independent manner in the absence of Eph-ephrin ligation between platelets. Together, these data demonstrate that EphB2 signaling not only modulates platelet function within a thrombus but is also involved in the regulation of the function of isolated platelets in a contact-independent manner.
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de Witt SM, Verdoold R, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Insights into platelet-based control of coagulation. Thromb Res 2014; 133 Suppl 2:S139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a transmembrane protein related to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and is highly expressed in platelets and endothelial cells. We previously demonstrated its positive role in thrombus formation using a zebrafish thrombosis model. In the present study, we used Bambi-deficient mice and radiation chimeras to evaluate the function of this receptor in the regulation of both hemostasis and thrombosis. We show that Bambi(-/-) and Bambi(+/-) mice exhibit mildly prolonged bleeding times compared with Bambi(+/+) littermates. In addition, using 2 in vivo thrombosis models in mesenterium or cremaster muscle arterioles, we demonstrate that Bambi-deficient mice form unstable thrombi compared with Bambi(+/+) mice. No defects in thrombin generation in Bambi(-/-) mouse plasma could be detected ex vivo. Moreover, the absence of BAMBI had no effect on platelet counts, platelet activation, aggregation, or platelet procoagulant function. Similar to Bambi(-/-) mice, Bambi(-/-) transplanted with Bambi(+/+) bone marrow formed unstable thrombi in the laser-induced thrombosis model that receded more rapidly than thrombi that formed in Bambi(+/+) mice receiving Bambi(-/-) bone marrow transplants. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence for an important role of endothelium rather than platelet BAMBI as a positive regulator of both thrombus formation and stability.
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Garrido-Urbani S, Bradfield PF, Imhof BA. Tight junction dynamics: the role of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:701-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Involvement of neutrophils in thrombus formation in living mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:1-9. [PMID: 24485849 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the major causes of human death worldwide. Identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to thrombus formation is thus crucial for the understanding of the thrombotic process. To examine thrombus formation in a living mouse, new technologies have been developed. Digital intravital microscopy allows to visualize the development of thrombosis and generation of fibrin in real-time within living animal in a physiological context. This specific system allowed the identification of new cellular partners involved in platelet adhesion and activation. Furthermore, it improved, especially, the knowledge of the early phase of thrombus formation and fibrin generation in vivo. Until now, platelets used to be considered the sole central player in thrombus generation. However, recently, it has been demonstrated that leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, play a crucial role in the activation of the blood coagulation cascade leading to thrombosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms leading to thrombus formation in the microcirculation according to the method of injury in mice with a special focus on the new identified roles of neutrophils in this process.
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Kacso IM, Potra AR, Rusu A, Moldovan D, Rusu CC, Kacso G, Hancu ND, Muresan A, Bondor CI. Relationship of endothelial cell selective adhesion molecule to markers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:170-6. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.869700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Junctional adhesion molecule-A suppresses platelet integrin αIIbβ3 signaling by recruiting Csk to the integrin-c-Src complex. Blood 2013; 123:1393-402. [PMID: 24300854 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-496232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen binding to activated integrin induces outside-in signaling that results in stable platelet aggregates and clot retraction. How integrin αIIbβ3 is discouraged from spontaneous activation is not known. We have recently shown that junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) renders protection from thrombosis by suppressing integrin outside-in signaling. In this study, we show that JAM-A associates with integrin αIIbβ3 in resting platelets and dissociates upon platelet activation by agonists. We also show that integrin-associated JAM-A is tyrosine phosphorylated and is rapidly dephosphorylated upon platelet activation. C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) binds to tyrosine phosphorylated JAM-A through its Src homology 2 domain. Thus, JAM-A recruits Csk to the integrin-c-Src complex in resting platelets. Csk, in turn, keeps integrin-associated c-Src in an inactive state by phosphorylating Y(529) in its regulatory domain. Absence of JAM-A results in impaired c-SrcY(529) phosphorylation and augmentation of outside-in signaling-dependent c-Src activation. Our results strongly suggest that tyrosine-phosphorylated JAM-A is a Csk-binding protein and functions as an endogenous inhibitor of integrin signaling. JAM-A recruits Csk to the integrin-c-Src complex, where Csk negatively regulates c-Src activation, thereby suppressing the initiation of outside-in signaling. Upon agonist stimulation, JAM-A is dephosphorylated on the tyrosine, allowing the dissociation of Csk from the integrin complex, and thus facilitating outside-in signaling.
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Cosemans JMEM, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Mattheij NJA, Heemskerk JWM. The effects of arterial flow on platelet activation, thrombus growth, and stabilization. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:342-52. [PMID: 23667186 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury of an arterial vessel wall acutely triggers a multifaceted process of thrombus formation, which is dictated by the high-shear flow conditions in the artery. In this overview, we describe how the classical concept of arterial thrombus formation and vascular occlusion, driven by platelet activation and fibrin formation, can be extended and fine-tuned. This has become possible because of recent insight into the mechanisms of: (i) platelet-vessel wall and platelet-platelet communication, (ii) autocrine platelet activation, and (iii) platelet-coagulation interactions, in relation to blood flow dynamics. We list over 40 studies with genetically modified mice showing a role of platelet and plasma proteins in the control of thrombus stability after vascular injury. These include multiple platelet adhesive receptors and other junctional molecules, components of the ADP receptor signalling cascade to integrin activation, proteins controlling platelet shape, and autocrine activation processes, as well as multiple plasma proteins binding to platelets and proteins of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. Regulatory roles herein of the endothelium and other blood cells are recapitulated as well. Patient studies support the contribution of platelet- and coagulation activation in the regulation of thrombus stability. Analysis of the factors determining flow-dependent thrombus stabilization and embolus formation in mice will help to understand the regulation of this process in human arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht , Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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Brass LF, Tomaiuolo M, Stalker TJ. Harnessing the platelet signaling network to produce an optimal hemostatic response. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:381-409. [PMID: 23714305 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Once released into the circulation by megakaryocytes, circulating platelets can undergo rapid activation at sites of vascular injury and resist unwarranted activation, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Historically, the signaling mechanisms underlying the regulation of platelet activation have been approached as a collection of individual pathways unique to agonist. This review takes a different approach, casting platelet activation as the product of a signaling network, in which activating and restraining mechanisms interact in a flexible network that regulates platelet adhesiveness, cohesion between platelets, granule secretion, and the formation of a stable hemostatic thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence F Brass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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29
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Kacso IM, Bondor CI, Kacso G. Low serum endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule predicts increase in albuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45:1319-26. [PMID: 23292509 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The newly discovered endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) stabilizes the interendothelial tight junction; it circulates in serum as a soluble fraction. In experimental diabetes, reduced ESAM expression in the kidney is associated with albuminuria. We investigated, for the first time, serum ESAM as a predictor of progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS T2D non-nephrotic patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > 30 ml/min were included. History, medication and laboratory evaluation were assessed at inclusion and the end of study; ESAM was determined at baseline. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients--mean age 63 ± 10.84 years, 49 (55.68 %) males--were prospectively followed up for 20 months. Baseline GFR was 76.37 ± 29.56 ml/min, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) 21.63(7.08-94.52) mg/g; ESAM was 12.85(6.13-19.83) ng/ml. Difference (Δ) in UACR between end of study and baseline was inversely related to serum albumin (r = -0.27, p = 0.017) and ESAM (r = -0.21, p = 0.047); ΔGFR correlated to glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.22, p = 0.05). In multiple regression, introducing variables susceptible to influence progression of kidney disease, ΔUACR was significantly related to log ESAM (p = 0.005) and ΔGFR to glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Serum ESAM is a predictor of worsening of albuminuria in T2D patients without advanced kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Maria Kacso
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj Napoca, Dornei 47 street, 400171, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Relationship between biomarkers and subsequent bleeding risk in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents: a HORIZONS-AMI substudy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 35:200-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Welsh JD, Colace TV, Muthard RW, Stalker TJ, Brass LF, Diamond SL. Platelet-targeting sensor reveals thrombin gradients within blood clots forming in microfluidic assays and in mouse. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2344-53. [PMID: 22978514 PMCID: PMC4082909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin undergoes convective and diffusive transport, making it difficult to visualize during thrombosis. We developed the first sensor capable of revealing inner clot thrombin dynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS An N-terminal-azido thrombin-sensitive fluorescent peptide (ThS-P) with a thrombin-releasable quencher was linked to anti-CD41 using click chemistry to generate a thrombin-sensitive platelet binding sensor (ThS-Ab). Rapid thrombin cleavage of ThS-P (K(m) = 40.3 μm, k(cat) = 1.5 s(-1) ) allowed thrombin monitoring by ThS-P or ThS-Ab in blood treated with 2-25 pm tissue factor (TF). Individual platelets had > 20-fold more ThS-Ab fluorescence after clotting. In a microfluidic assay of whole blood perfusion over collagen ± linked TF (wall shear rate = 100 s(-1) ), ThS-Ab fluorescence increased between 90 and 450 s for 0.1-1 molecule-TF μm(-2) and co-localized with platelets near fibrin. Without TF, neither thrombin nor fibrin was detected on the platelet deposits by 450 s. Using a microfluidic device to control the pressure drop across a thrombus forming on a porous collagen/TF plug (521 s(-1) ), thrombin and fibrin were detected at the thrombus-collagen interface at a zero pressure drop, whereas 80% less thrombin was detected at 3200 Pa in concert with fibrin polymerizing within the collagen. With anti-mouse CD41 ThS-Ab deployed in a mouse laser injury model, the highest levels of thrombin arose between 40 and 160 s nearest the injury site where fibrin co-localized and where the thrombus was most mechanically stable. CONCLUSION ThS-Ab reveals thrombin locality, which depends on surface TF, flow and intrathrombus pressure gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Welsh
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) contributes to the integrity of tight junctions and modulates endothelial function. ESAM has been linked to experimental diabetic nephropathy; its soluble fraction is related to atherosclerosis in humans. In this cross-sectional observational study, we describe for the first time serum ESAM in type 2 diabetic patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its relationship to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Materials and methods We included diabetic patients with different stages of CKD and controls. History, laboratory evaluation, serum ESAM and VEGF-A and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were obtained. RESULTS Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule was higher in non-CKD diabetic patients 13.80 (6.15-18.70) ng/mL (n=45) than controls 7.30 (4.60-9.40) ng/mL (n=48), P=0.001. VEGF-A had a similar pattern: 71.3 (54.75-120.70) vs. 43.20 (30.1-65.90) pg/mL, P<0.0001. ESAM was 10.4 (5.6-17.4) ng/mL in predialysis CKD patients (n=59) and 22.35 (8.55-29.95) ng/mL in dialysis patients (n=36), P<0.001. Patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<15 mL/min had the highest ESAM (P=0.003). ESAM was similar in normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and proteinuric patients. ESAM was directly correlated with the duration of diabetes (r(2)=0.048, P=0.009), C-reactive protein (r(2)=0.028, P=0.05), VEGF-A (r(2)=0.040, P=0.01) and inversely with HbA1C (r(2)=0.036, P=0.03), haemoglobin (r(2)=0.062, P=0.005) and albumin (r(2)=0.0·40, P=0.026). In multiple regression diabetes duration, HbA1C and VEGF-A were significant predictors of ESAM. In controls, ESAM was inversely related to VEGF (r(2)=037, P=0.01). CONCLUSION Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule and VEGF-A are higher in patients with diabetes than in controls. The highest ESAM is found in dialysis patients. ESAM correlates with diabetes duration and control, inflammation and VEGF-A in patients with diabetes, but not in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Kacso
- Departments of Nephrology Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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JAMming the signals. Blood 2012; 119:3197-8. [PMID: 22493215 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-409060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Naik and colleagues have identified a new mechanism used by platelets to inhibit the signals that drive their activation through integrin αIIbβ3,which serves to prevent inappropriate or premature thrombus formation.
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Sudo T, Yokota T, Oritani K, Satoh Y, Sugiyama T, Ishida T, Shibayama H, Ezoe S, Fujita N, Tanaka H, Maeda T, Nagasawa T, Kanakura Y. The Endothelial Antigen ESAM Monitors Hematopoietic Stem Cell Status between Quiescence and Self-Renewal. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:200-10. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nisar SP, Cunningham M, Saxena K, Pope RJ, Kelly E, Mundell SJ. Arrestin scaffolds NHERF1 to the P2Y12 receptor to regulate receptor internalization. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24505-15. [PMID: 22610101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown in a patient with mild bleeding that the PDZ-binding motif of the platelet G protein-coupled P2Y(12) receptor (P2Y(12)R) is required for effective receptor traffic in human platelets. In this study we show for the first time that the PDZ motif-binding protein NHERF1 exerts a major role in potentiating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization. NHERF1 interacts with the C-tail of the P2Y(12)R and unlike many other GPCRs, NHERF1 interaction is required for effective P2Y(12)R internalization. In vitro and prior to agonist stimulation P2Y(12)R/NHERF1 interaction requires the intact PDZ binding motif of this receptor. Interestingly on receptor stimulation NHERF1 no longer interacts directly with the receptor but instead binds to the receptor via the endocytic scaffolding protein arrestin. These findings suggest a novel model by which arrestin can serve as an adaptor to promote NHERF1 interaction with a GPCR to facilitate effective NHERF1-dependent receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista P Nisar
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Briston BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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Song WL, Stubbe J, Ricciotti E, Alamuddin N, Ibrahim S, Crichton I, Prempeh M, Lawson JA, Wilensky RL, Rasmussen LM, Puré E, FitzGerald GA. Niacin and biosynthesis of PGD₂by platelet COX-1 in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1459-68. [PMID: 22406532 DOI: 10.1172/jci59262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of niacin to treat dyslipidemic conditions is limited by noxious side effects, most commonly facial flushing. In mice, niacin-induced flushing results from COX-1-dependent formation of PGD₂ and PGE₂ followed by COX-2-dependent production of PGE₂. Consistent with this, niacin-induced flushing in humans is attenuated when niacin is combined with an antagonist of the PGD₂ receptor DP1. NSAID-mediated suppression of COX-2-derived PGI₂ has negative cardiovascular consequences, yet little is known about the cardiovascular biology of PGD₂. Here, we show that PGD₂ biosynthesis is augmented during platelet activation in humans and, although vascular expression of DP1 is conserved between humans and mice, platelet DP1 is not present in mice. Despite this, DP1 deletion in mice augmented aneurysm formation and the hypertensive response to Ang II and accelerated atherogenesis and thrombogenesis. Furthermore, COX inhibitors in humans, as well as platelet depletion, COX-1 knockdown, and COX-2 deletion in mice, revealed that niacin evoked platelet COX-1-derived PGD₂ biosynthesis. Finally, ADP-induced spreading on fibrinogen was augmented by niacin in washed human platelets, coincident with increased thromboxane (Tx) formation. However, in platelet-rich plasma, where formation of both Tx and PGD₂ was increased, spreading was not as pronounced and was inhibited by DP1 activation. Thus, PGD₂, like PGI₂, may function as a homeostatic response to thrombogenic and hypertensive stimuli and may have particular relevance as a constraint on platelets during niacin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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JAM-A protects from thrombosis by suppressing integrin αIIbβ3-dependent outside-in signaling in platelets. Blood 2012; 119:3352-60. [PMID: 22271446 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-397398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that agonist-initiated signaling in platelets is closely regulated to avoid excessive responses to injury. A variety of physiologic agonists induce a cascade of signaling events termed as inside-out signaling that culminate in exposure of high-affinity binding sites on integrin α(IIb)β(3). Once platelet activation has occurred, integrin α(IIb)β(3) stabilizes thrombus formation by providing agonist-independent "outside-in" signals mediated in part by contractile signaling. Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), a member of the cortical thymocyte marker of the Xenopus (CTX) family, was initially identified as a receptor for a platelet stimulatory mAb. Here we show that JAM-A in resting platelets functions as an endogenous inhibitor of platelet function. Genetic ablation of Jam-A in mice enhances thrombotic function of platelets in vivo. The absence of Jam-A results in increase in platelet aggregation ex vivo. This gain of function is not because of enhanced inside-out signaling because granular secretion, Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) generation, as well as fibrinogen receptor activation, are normal in the absence of Jam-A. Interestingly, integrin outside-in signaling such as platelet spreading and clot retraction is augmented in Jam-A-deficient platelets. We conclude that JAM-A normally limits platelet accumulation by inhibiting integrin outside-in signaling thus preventing premature platelet activation.
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40
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Jones CI, Barrett NE, Moraes LA, Gibbins JM, Jackson DE. Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms and the regulation of platelet function. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 788:341-66. [PMID: 22130718 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-307-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The response of platelets to changes in the immediate environment is always a balance between activatory and inhibitory signals, the cumulative effect of which is either activation or quiescence. This is true of platelets in free flowing blood and of their regulation of haemostasis and thrombosis. In this review, we consider the endogenous inhibitory mechanisms that combine to regulate platelet activation. These include those derived from the endothelium (nitric oxide, prostacyclin, CD39), inhibitory receptors on the surface of platelets (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1, G6b-B - including evidence for the role of Ig-ITIM superfamily members in the negative regulation of ITAM-associated GPVI platelet-collagen interactions and GPCR-mediated signalling and in positive regulation of "outside-in" integrin α(IIb)β(3)-mediated signalling), intracellular inhibitory receptors (retinoic X receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptor), and emerging inhibitory pathways (canonical Wnt signalling, Semaphorin 3A, endothelial cell specific adhesion molecule, and junctional adhesion molecule-A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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41
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Xu Z, Christley S, Lioi J, Kim O, Harvey C, Sun W, Rosen ED, Alber M. Multiscale model of fibrin accumulation on the blood clot surface and platelet dynamics. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 110:367-88. [PMID: 22482956 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-388403-9.00014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A multiscale computational model of thrombus (blood clot) development is extended by incorporating a submodel describing formation of fibrin network through "fibrin elements" representing regions occupied by polymerized fibrin. Simulations demonstrate that fibrin accumulates on the surface of the thrombus and that fibrin network limits growth by reducing thrombin concentrations on the thrombus surface and decreasing adhesivity of resting platelets in blood near thrombus surface. These results suggest that fibrin accumulation may not only increase the structural integrity of the thrombus but also considerably contribute toward limiting its growth. Also, a fast Graphics Processing Unit implementation is described for a multiscale computational model of the platelet-blood flow interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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42
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Abstract
Platelets have attracted a growing interest among basic scientists and clinicians, as they have been shown to play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Beyond hemostasis, platelets participate in wound healing, inflammation, infectious diseases, maintenance of the endothelial barrier function, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Over the last 50 years enormous progress has been made in our understanding of the role of platelets in hemostasis. Platelets circulate in blood in a resting state, but they are able to react immediately upon a vessel wall injury by adhering to the exposed collagen, followed by platelet-platelet interaction to form a plug that effectively seals the injured vessel wall to prevent excessive blood loss. Comparable events will take place on a rupturing atherosclerotic plaque, which may result in a platelet-rich thrombus. This chapter will address the molecular basis of platelet adhesion and aggregation, the regulation of platelet function and the interaction of primary and secondary hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology (G03.550), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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43
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Abstract
Although platelets are the smallest cells in the blood, they are implied in various processes ranging from immunology and oncology to thrombosis and hemostasis. Many large-scale screening programs, genome-wide association, and "omics" studies have generated lists of genes and loci that are probably involved in the formation or physiology of platelets under normal and pathologic conditions. This creates an increasing demand for new and improved model systems that allow functional assessment of the corresponding gene products in vivo. Such animal models not only render invaluable insight in the platelet biology, but in addition, provide improved test systems for the validation of newly developed anti-thrombotics. This review summarizes the most important models to generate transgenic platelets and to study their influence on platelet physiology in vivo. Here we focus on the zebrafish morpholino oligonucleotide technology, the (platelet-specific) knockout mouse, and the transplantation of genetically modified human or murine platelet progenitor cells in myelo-conditioned mice. The various strengths and pitfalls of these animal models are illustrated by recent examples from the platelet field. Finally, we highlight the latest developments in genetic engineering techniques and their possible application in platelet research.
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44
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Lehner C, Gehwolf R, Tempfer H, Krizbai I, Hennig B, Bauer HC, Bauer H. Oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier dysfunction under particular consideration of matrix metalloproteinases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1305-23. [PMID: 21294658 PMCID: PMC6464004 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A cell's "redox" (oxidation and reduction) state is determined by the sum of all redox processes yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other reactive intermediates. Low amounts of ROS/RNS are generated by different mechanisms in every cell and are important regulatory mediators in many signaling processes (redox signaling). When the physiological balance between the generation and elimination of ROS/RNS is disrupted, oxidative/nitrosative stress with persistent oxidative damage of the organism occurs. Oxidative stress has been suggested to act as initiator and/or mediator of many human diseases. The cerebral vasculature is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which is critical since cerebral endothelial cells play a major role in the creation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This article will only contain a focused introduction on the biochemical background of redox signaling, since this has been reported already in a series of excellent recent reviews. The goal of this work is to increase the understanding of basic mechanisms underlying ROS/RNS-induced BBB disruption, with a focus on the role of matrix metalloproteinases, which, after all, appear to be a key mediator in the initiation and progression of BBB damage elicited by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Department of Organismic Biology, Development Biology Group, University Hospital of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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45
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Angelillo-Scherrer A, Fontana P, Burnier L, Roth I, Sugamele R, Brisset A, Morel S, Nolli S, Sutter E, Chassot A, Capron C, Borgel D, Saller F, Chanson M, Kwak BR. Connexin 37 limits thrombus propensity by downregulating platelet reactivity. Circulation 2011; 124:930-9. [PMID: 21810657 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.015479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of platelet plug initiates hemostasis after vascular injury and triggers thrombosis in ischemic disease. However, the mechanisms leading to the formation of a stable thrombus are poorly understood. Connexins comprise a family of proteins that form gap junctions enabling intercellular coordination of tissue activity, a process termed gap junctional intercellular communication. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we show that megakaryocytes and platelets express connexin 37 (Cx37). Deletion of the Cx37 gene in mice shortens bleeding time and increases thrombus propensity. Aggregation is increased in murine Cx37(-/-) platelets or in murine Cx37(+/+) and human platelets treated with gap junction blockers. Intracellular microinjection of neurobiotin, a Cx37-permeant tracer, revealed gap junctional intercellular communication in platelet aggregates, which was impaired in Cx37(-/-) platelets and in human platelets exposed to gap junction blockers. Finally, healthy subjects homozygous for Cx37-1019C, a prognostic marker for atherosclerosis, display increased platelet responses compared with subjects carrying the Cx37-1019T allele. Expression of these polymorphic channels in communication-deficient cells revealed a decreased permeability of Cx37-1019C channels for neurobiotin. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the establishment of gap junctional communication between Cx37-expressing platelets provides a mechanism to limit thrombus propensity. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence incriminating gap junctions in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute,
Lexington, Kentucky 40511
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute,
Lexington, Kentucky 40511
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
40511
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47
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Nieswandt B, Pleines I, Bender M. Platelet adhesion and activation mechanisms in arterial thrombosis and ischaemic stroke. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9 Suppl 1:92-104. [PMID: 21781245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation on the exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for haemostasis, but may also lead to occlusion of diseased vessels. Binding of the glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX complex to immobilised von Willebrand factor (VWF) initiates adhesion of flowing platelets to the ECM, and thereby enables the collagen receptor GPVI to interact with its ligand and to mediate platelet activation. This process is reinforced by locally produced thrombin and platelet-derived secondary mediators, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)). Together, these events promote a shift of β1 and β3 integrins from a low to a high affinity state for their ligands through 'inside-out' signalling allowing firm platelet adhesion and aggregation. Formed platelet aggregates are stabilised by fibrin formation and signalling events between adjacent platelets involving multiple platelet receptors, such as the newly discovered C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). While occlusive thrombus formation is the principal pathogenic event in myocardial infarction, the situation is more complex in ischaemic stroke where infarct development often progresses despite sustained early reperfusion of previously occluded major intracranial arteries, a process referred to as 'reperfusion injury'. Increasing experimental evidence now suggests that early platelet adhesion and activation events, orchestrate a 'thrombo-inflammatory' cascade in this setting, whereas platelet aggregation and thrombus formation are not required. This review summarises recent developments in understanding the principal platelet adhesion receptor systems with a focus on their involvement in arterial thrombosis and ischaemic stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nieswandt
- Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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48
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Brass LF, Wannemacher KM, Ma P, Stalker TJ. Regulating thrombus growth and stability to achieve an optimal response to injury. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9 Suppl 1:66-75. [PMID: 21781243 PMCID: PMC3422128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An optimal platelet response to injury can be defined as one in which blood loss is restrained and haemostasis is achieved without the penalty of further tissue damage caused by unwarranted vascular occlusion. This brief review considers some of the ways in which thrombus growth and stability can be regulated so that an optimal platelet response can be achieved in vivo. Three related topics are considered. The first focuses on intracellular mechanisms that regulate the early events of platelet activation downstream of G protein coupled receptors for agonists such as thrombin, thromboxane A(2) and ADP. The second considers the ways in which signalling events that are dependent on stable contacts between platelets can influence the state of platelet activation and thus affect thrombus growth and stability. The third focuses on the changes that are experienced by platelets as they move from their normal environment in freely-flowing plasma to a very different environment within the growing haemostatic plug, an environment in which the narrowing gaps and junctions between platelets not only facilitate communication, but also increasingly limit both the penetration of plasma and the exodus of platelet-derived bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Brass
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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Hecker M, Goertsches RH, Fatum C, Koczan D, Thiesen HJ, Guthke R, Zettl UK. Network analysis of transcriptional regulation in response to intramuscular interferon-β-1a multiple sclerosis treatment. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 12:134-46. [PMID: 20956993 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-β (IFN-β) is one of the major drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. The purpose of this study was to characterize the transcriptional effects induced by intramuscular IFN-β-1a therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting form of MS. By using Affymetrix DNA microarrays, we obtained genome-wide expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 24 MS patients within the first 4 weeks of IFN-β administration. We identified 121 genes that were significantly up- or downregulated compared with baseline, with stronger changed expression at 1 week after start of therapy. Eleven transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS) are overrepresented in the regulatory regions of these genes, including those of IFN regulatory factors and NF-κB. We then applied TFBS-integrating least angle regression, a novel integrative algorithm for deriving gene regulatory networks from gene expression data and TFBS information, to reconstruct the underlying network of molecular interactions. An NF-κB-centered sub-network of genes was highly expressed in patients with IFN-β-related side effects. Expression alterations were confirmed by real-time PCR and literature mining was applied to evaluate network inference accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hecker
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany.
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50
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RGS/Gi2alpha interactions modulate platelet accumulation and thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. Blood 2010; 116:6092-100. [PMID: 20852125 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-283846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about extrinsic regulators of platelet function such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)), considerably less is known about intrinsic mechanisms that prevent overly robust platelet activation after vascular injury. Here we provide the first evidence that regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins serve this role in platelets, using mice with a G184S substitution in G(i2α) that blocks RGS/G(i2) interactions to examine the consequences of lifting constraints on G(i2)-dependent signaling without altering receptor:effector coupling. The results show that the G(i2α)(G184S) allele enhances platelet aggregation in vitro and increases platelet accumulation after vascular injury when expressed either as a global knock-in or limited to hematopoietic cells. Biochemical studies show that these changes occur in concert with an attenuated rise in cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in response to prostacyclin and a substantial increase in basal Akt activation. In contrast, basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, agonist-stimulated increases in [Ca(++)](i), Rap1 activation, and α-granule secretion were unaffected. Collectively, these observations (1) demonstrate an active role for RGS proteins in regulating platelet responsiveness, (2) show that this occurs in a pathway-selective manner, and (3) suggest that RGS proteins help to prevent unwarranted platelet activation as well as limiting the magnitude of the normal hemostatic response.
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