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Wang P, Zheng L, Yan S, Xuan X, Yang Y, Qi X, Dong H. Understanding the role of red blood cells in venous thromboembolism: A comprehensive review. Am J Med Sci 2024; 367:296-303. [PMID: 38278361 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, red blood cells (RBCs) have been perceived as passive entities within the fibrin network, without any significant role in the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This review explores the involvement of RBCs in the VTE process, summarizing previous study findings and providing a comprehensive review of the latest theories. At first, it explores the influence of abnormal RBC counts (as seen in polycythemia vera and with erythropoietin use) and the exposure of RBCs to phosphatidylserine (Ptd-L-Ser) in the pathophysiology of VTE. The mechanisms of endothelial injury induced by RBCs and their adhesion to the endothelium under different disease models are then demonstrated. We explore the role of physical and chemical interactions between RBCs and platelets, as well as the interactions between RBCs and neutrophils - particularly the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils - in the process of VTE. Additionally, we investigate the effect of RBCs on thrombin activation through two pathways, namely, the FXIIa-FXI-FIX pathway and the prekallikrein-dependent pathway. Lastly, we discuss the impact of RBCs on clot volume. In conclusion, we propose several potential methods aimed at unraveling the role of RBCs and their interaction with other components in the vascular system in the pathogenesis of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xuezhen Xuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yusi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xiaotong Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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2
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Liang P, Zhang Y, Wan YCS, Ma S, Dong P, Lowry AJ, Francis SJ, Khandelwal S, Delahunty M, Telen MJ, Strouse JJ, Arepally GM, Yang H. Deciphering and disrupting PIEZO1-TMEM16F interplay in hereditary xerocytosis. Blood 2024; 143:357-369. [PMID: 38033286 PMCID: PMC10862370 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cell-surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) is essential for phagocytic clearance and blood clotting. Although a calcium-activated phospholipid scramblase (CaPLSase) has long been proposed to mediate PS exposure in red blood cells (RBCs), its identity, activation mechanism, and role in RBC biology and disease remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TMEM16F, the long-sought-after RBC CaPLSase, is activated by calcium influx through the mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1 in RBCs. PIEZO1-TMEM16F functional coupling is enhanced in RBCs from individuals with hereditary xerocytosis (HX), an RBC disorder caused by PIEZO1 gain-of-function channelopathy. Enhanced PIEZO1-TMEM16F coupling leads to an increased propensity to expose PS, which may serve as a key risk factor for HX clinical manifestations including anemia, splenomegaly, and postsplenectomy thrombosis. Spider toxin GsMTx-4 and antigout medication benzbromarone inhibit PIEZO1, preventing force-induced echinocytosis, hemolysis, and PS exposure in HX RBCs. Our study thus reveals an activation mechanism of TMEM16F CaPLSase and its pathophysiological function in HX, providing insights into potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Yui Chun S. Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Shang Ma
- Children’s Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Augustus J. Lowry
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Samuel J. Francis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sanjay Khandelwal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Martha Delahunty
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - John J. Strouse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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3
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Williams A, Bissinger R, Shamaa H, Patel S, Bourne L, Artunc F, Qadri SM. Pathophysiology of Red Blood Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes and Its Complications. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:327-345. [PMID: 37606388 PMCID: PMC10443300 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with multiple microvascular complications leading to nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Mounting evidence suggests that red blood cell (RBC) alterations are both a cause and consequence of disturbances related to DM-associated complications. Importantly, a significant proportion of DM patients develop varying degrees of anemia of confounding etiology, leading to increased morbidity. In chronic hyperglycemia, RBCs display morphological, enzymatic, and biophysical changes, which in turn prime them for swift phagocytic clearance from circulation. A multitude of endogenous factors, such as oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, uremic toxins, extracellular hypertonicity, sorbitol accumulation, and deranged nitric oxide metabolism, have been implicated in pathological RBC changes in DM. This review collates clinical laboratory findings of changes in hematology indices in DM patients and discusses recent reports on the putative mechanisms underpinning shortened RBC survival and disturbed cell membrane architecture within the diabetic milieu. Specifically, RBC cell death signaling, RBC metabolism, procoagulant RBC phenotype, RBC-triggered endothelial cell dysfunction, and changes in RBC deformability and aggregation in the context of DM are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of RBC alterations in DM provides valuable insights into the clinical significance of the crosstalk between RBCs and microangiopathy in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Williams
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hala Shamaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Shivani Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Lavern Bourne
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M. Qadri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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Baum JF, Uzun HD, Pomorski TG. Visualizing Loss of Plasma Membrane Lipid Asymmetry Using Annexin V Staining. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4754. [PMID: 37497452 PMCID: PMC10366992 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry contributes to many cellular functions and responses, including apoptosis, blood coagulation, and cell fusion. In this protocol, we describe the use of fluorescently labeled annexin V to detect loss of lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane of adherent living cells by fluorescence microscopy. The approach provides a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method to detect changes in lipid asymmetry but is limited by low sample throughput. The protocol can also be adapted to other fluorescently labeled lipid-binding proteins or peptide probes. To validate the lipid binding properties of such probes, we additionally describe here the preparation and use of giant unilamellar vesicles as simple model membrane systems that have a size comparable to cells. Key features Monitoring loss of lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane via confocal microscopy. Protocol can be applied to any type of cell that is adherent in culture, including primary cells. Assay can be adapted to other fluorescently labeled lipid-binding proteins or peptide probes. Giant unilamellar vesicles serve as a tool to validate the lipid binding properties of such probes. Graphical overview Imaging the binding of fluorescent annexin V to adherent mammalian cells and giant vesicles by confocal microscopy. Annexin V labeling is a useful method for detecting a loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry in cells (top image, red); DAPI can be used to identify nuclei (top image, blue). Giant vesicles are used as a tool to validate the lipid binding properties of annexin V to anionic lipids (lower image, red).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Baum
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Huriye D. Uzun
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Driban M, Kedia N, Arora S, Chhablani J. Novel pharmaceuticals for the management of retinal vein occlusion and linked disorders. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:1125-1139. [PMID: 37933706 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2277882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second leading cause of blindness from retinal vascular disease behind diabetic retinopathy. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucocorticoid therapy are the cornerstones of pharmaceutical treatment for RVO. There is considerable interest in developing new pharmaceuticals in and out of these two classes to reduce costs, lower injection burden, and treat the occlusion itself, rather than the complications. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss novel pharmaceuticals for the treatment of RVO outside of current standard of care. We performed a comprehensive literature search encompassing pharmaceuticals that have recently been approved or have shown promising results in early clinical trials or animal models. EXPERT OPINION Anti-VEGF therapy remains the most efficacious treatment for RVO with a very favorable side effect profile. New biosimilars reduce costs while maintaining efficacy. Novel glucocorticoids may be a useful therapy in patients for whom anti-VEGF therapy has failed, or as an adjunct. Pharmaceuticals in other drug classes, particularly those with neuroprotective or regenerative properties, as well as those geared toward treating the occlusion itself, represent exciting options for early RVO therapy, but are likely years away from clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Driban
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikita Kedia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Supriya Arora
- Bahamas Vision Center and Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Asaro RJ, Profumo E, Buttari B, Cabrales P. The Double-Edged Sword of Erythrocytes in Health and Disease via Their Adhesiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10382. [PMID: 37373527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Their widespread presence throughout the vasculature, coupled with their reactivity, and thereby to their potential to release reactive oxidative species, or to utilize their anti-oxidative capacities, has promoted much discussion of the role(s) of red blood cells (RBCs) in the progression of health or, alternatively, a wide range of disease states. Moreover, these role(s) have been linked to the development of adhesiveness and, in fact, thereby to the essential pathway to their eventual clearance, e.g., by macrophages in the spleen. These disparate roles coupled with the mechanisms involved are reviewed and given. Following an analysis, novel perspectives are provided; these perspectives can lead to novel assays for identifying the potential for RBC adhesiveness as suggested herein. We describe this paradigm, that involves RBC adhesiveness, hemolysis, and ghost formation, with examples including, inter alia, the progression of atherosclerosis and the suppression of tumor growth along with other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085, USA
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085, USA
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Zhan J, Liu QS, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Silica nanoparticles trigger phosphatidylserine exposure in red blood cells and induce thrombosis risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121591. [PMID: 37031850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have attracted increasing attention for their health effects due to the increased risk of exposure to human bodies via diverse routes. Considering that SiNPs enter the circulatory system and inevitably encounter red blood cells (RBCs), it is necessary to investigate their risk of causing erythrocytotoxicity. In this study, three sizes of SiNPs (SiNP-60, SiNP-120, and SiNP-200) were tested for their effects on mouse RBCs. The results showed that SiNPs could induce hemolysis, morphological changes, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in RBCs in a particulate size-related manner. Further investigations on the underlying mechanism indicated that SiNP-60 exposure increased intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation and subsequently caused the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in RBCs. The addition of antioxidants or inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling significantly attenuated PS exposure in RBCs and ameliorated SiNP-induced erythrocytotoxicity. Moreover, ex vivo assays using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) showed that SiNP-60-induced PS exposure in RBCs could trigger thrombin-dependent platelet activation. The contrary evidence from the assays of PS blockage and thrombin inhibition further confirmed that SiNP-60-induced platelet activation was dependent on PS externalization in RBCs, concomitantly with thrombin formation. These findings revealed the procoagulant and prothrombotic effects of SiNPs through the regulation of PS externalization in RBCs, and may be of great help in bridging the knowledge gap on the potential cardiovascular hazards of particulate silica from both artificial and naturally occurring origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
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Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Significance of Eryptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065079. [PMID: 36982153 PMCID: PMC10049269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite lacking the central apoptotic machinery, senescent or damaged RBCs can undergo an unusual apoptosis-like cell death, termed eryptosis. This premature death can be caused by, or a symptom of, a wide range of diseases. However, various adverse conditions, xenobiotics, and endogenous mediators have also been recognized as triggers and inhibitors of eryptosis. Eukaryotic RBCs are unique among their cell membrane distribution of phospholipids. The change in the RBC membrane composition of the outer leaflet occurs in a variety of diseases, including sickle cell disease, renal diseases, leukemia, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes. Eryptotic erythrocytes exhibit various morphological alterations such as shrinkage, swelling, and increased granulation. Biochemical changes include cytosolic Ca2+ increase, oxidative stress, stimulation of caspases, metabolic exhaustion, and ceramide accumulation. Eryptosis is an effective mechanism for the elimination of dysfunctional erythrocytes due to senescence, infection, or injury to prevent hemolysis. Nevertheless, excessive eryptosis is associated with multiple pathologies, most notably anemia, abnormal microcirculation, and prothrombotic risk; all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms, physiological and pathophysiological relevance of eryptosis, as well as the potential role of natural and synthetic compounds in modulating RBC survival and death.
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Risman RA, Kirby NC, Bannish BE, Hudson NE, Tutwiler V. Fibrinolysis: an illustrated review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100081. [PMID: 36942151 PMCID: PMC10024051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to vessel injury (or other pathological conditions), the hemostatic process is activated, resulting in a fibrous, cellular-rich structure commonly referred to as a blood clot. Succeeding the clot's function in wound healing, it must be resolved. This illustrated review focuses on fibrinolysis-the degradation of blood clots or thrombi. Fibrin is the main mechanical and structural component of a blood clot, which encases the cellular components of the clot, including platelets and red blood cells. Fibrinolysis is the proteolytic degradation of the fibrin network that results in the release of the cellular components into the bloodstream. In the case of thrombosis, fibrinolysis is required for restoration of blood flow, which is accomplished clinically through exogenously delivered lytic factors in a process called external lysis. Fibrinolysis is regulated by plasminogen activators (tissue-type and urokinase-type) that convert plasminogen into plasmin to initiate fiber lysis and lytic inhibitors that impede this lysis (plasminogen activator inhibitors, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor). Furthermore, the network structure has been shown to regulate lysis: thinner fibers and coarser clots lyse faster than thicker fibers and finer clots. Clot contraction, a result of platelets pulling on fibers, results in densely packed red blood cells (polyhedrocytes), reduced permeability to fibrinolytic factors, and increased fiber tension. Extensive research in the field has allowed for critical advancements leading to improved thrombolytic agents. In this review, we summarize the state of the field, highlight gaps in knowledge, and propose future research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas C Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Nathan E Hudson
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Caimi G, Carlisi M. The unpredictable erythrocyte deformability alteration in some hematological disorders: How the classification of primary hyperviscosity syndromes could change. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 83:341-349. [PMID: 36683502 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
According to Wells classification, it is possible to distinguish the primary hyperviscosity syndromes in polycythemic, sclerocythemic and sieric and/or plasmatic. In polycythemia vera, multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, we have observed an unexpected behaviour of the erythrocyte deformability. This data highlights that the hemorheological alteration present in polycythemia vera has not been related to the increase of RBC mass only, as well as that present in plasmacellular dyscrasias has not been attributable to the increase of plasma viscosity only.The aim of this paper is to suggest some starting points for an accurate reflection, emphasizing the need of a revision of the current classification of primary hyperviscosity syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caimi
- Department of Health Promotion and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degliStudi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Carlisi
- Department of Health Promotion and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degliStudi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Laurance S, Marin M, Colin Y. Red Blood Cells: A Newly Described Partner in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Pathophysiology? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021072. [PMID: 36674586 PMCID: PMC9864680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a frequent retinal disorder inducing blindness due to the occlusion of the central vein of the retina. The primary cause of the occlusion remains to be identified leading to the lack of treatment. To date, current treatments mainly target the complications of the disease and do not target the primary dysfunctions. CRVO pathophysiology seems to be a multifactorial disorder; several studies did attempt to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the vessel obstruction, but no consensual mechanism has been found. The aim of the current review is to give an overview of CRVO pathophysiology and more precisely the role of the erythroid lineage. The review presents emerging data on red blood cell (RBC) functions besides their role as an oxygen transporter and how disturbance of RBC function could impact the whole vascular system. We also aim to gather new evidence of RBC involvement in CRVO occurrence.
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12
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Chen X, Wang M, Tang Y, Xie B, Nie X, Cai S. Von Hipple-Lindau disease complicated with central retinal vein occlusion: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:440. [PMID: 36384467 PMCID: PMC9670504 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a rare complication of von Hipple-Lindau (VHL) disease. This report presents the first case of VHL disease complicated with CRVO caused by VHL c.208G > A mutation. Case presentation A 20 s man whose left eye visual acuity gradually declined for half a year. The visual acuity of the left eye is counting fingers. Fundus examination revealed that retinal hemangioblastoma was also found in addition to typical CRVO signs such as tortuous expansion of retinal veins and flame-shaped hemorrhage of the retina. Liver tumor, cerebral infarction and erythrocytosis were found during systemic examination, and the diagnosis of polycythemia was confirmed by bone marrow smear. Furthermore, both family history and genetic analysis indicated that the patient had VHL disease caused by VHL c.208G > A. In this patient, a large number of bone marrow erythrocytes proliferated due to VHL disease, which led to the increase of blood viscosity and erythrocyte vascular adhesion, resulting in the obstruction of central retinal vein blood flow, and finally CRVO. For CRVO and its pathogenic factor polycythemia, patient received laser retinal photocoagulation and phlebotomies. After a 1-year follow-up, the vision in the left eye improved to 0.2 logMAR. Conclusions This is a rare case of polycythemia complicated by CRVO in patient with VHL disease. It reminds us that the systemic disease factors should be fully considered in the diagnosis of young patients with CRVO, and that treatment requires a coordinated effort of physicians.
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Kim EH, Choi S, Kim D, Park HJ, Bian Y, Choi SH, Chung HY, Bae ON. Amine-modified nanoplastics promote the procoagulant activation of isolated human red blood cells and thrombus formation in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36104730 PMCID: PMC9472436 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) formed from decomposed plastic are increasing environmental threats. Although MPs and NPs exposed through various routes enter the systemic circulation, the potential toxicity of those is largely unknown. We investigated whether polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) promote the coagulation activity of red blood cells (RBCs). Results We tested several types of PS-NPs using human RBCs and found that amine-modified 100 nm PS-NPs were the most potent. We measured the uptake of PS-NPs using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed morphological changes of RBCs by PS-NPs. PS-NPs induced the externalization of phosphatidylserine, generation of microvesicles in RBCs, and perturbations in the intracellular microenvironment. PS-NPs increased the activity of scramblases responsible for phospholipid translocation in RBCs. PS-NPs modulated the functional interaction to adjacent tissues and coagulation cascade, enhancing RBC adhesion and thrombin generation. Our observations in human RBCs were consistent with those in isolated rat RBCs, showing no inter-species differences. In rat venous thrombosis models, the intravenous administration of PS-NPs enhanced thrombus formation.
Conclusion Amine-modified PS-NPs induce the prothrombotic activation of RBCs causing thrombus formation. We believe that our study will contribute to understanding the potential toxicity of amine-modified polystyrene particles in blood cells and cardiovascular systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00500-y.
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14
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Chung HY, Bian Y, Lim KM, Kim BS, Choi SH. MARTX toxin of Vibrio vulnificus induces RBC phosphatidylserine exposure that can contribute to thrombosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4846. [PMID: 35978022 PMCID: PMC9385741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
V. vulnificus-infected patients suffer from hemolytic anemia and circulatory lesions, often accompanied by venous thrombosis. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with V. vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, V. vulnificus infection at the sub-hemolytic level induced shape change of human red blood cells (RBCs) accompanied by phosphatidylserine exposure, and microvesicle generation, leading to the procoagulant activation of RBCs and ultimately, acquisition of prothrombotic activity. Of note, V. vulnificus exposed to RBCs substantially upregulated the rtxA gene encoding multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin. Mutant studies showed that V. vulnificus-induced RBC procoagulant activity was due to the pore forming region of the MARTX toxin causing intracellular Ca2+ influx in RBCs. In a rat venous thrombosis model triggered by tissue factor and stasis, the V. vulnificus wild type increased thrombosis while the ΔrtxA mutant failed to increase thrombosis, confirming that V. vulnificus induces thrombosis through the procoagulant activation of RBCs via the mediation of the MARTX toxin. The pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with Vibrio vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. In this work, the authors investigate this association, focusing on effects of the pore-forming MARTX toxin of V. vulnificus on red blood cells, and the utilisation of a rat venous thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Chung
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiying Bian
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Barshtein G, Zelig O, Gural A, Arbell D, Yedgar S. Determination of red blood cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells: A critical role for blood plasma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112226. [PMID: 34836705 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) adhesion to vascular endothelial cells (EC) is considered a potent effector of circulatory disorders, and its enhancement is implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous conditions, mainly hemoglobinopathies. The actual RBC/EC interaction is determined by both cellular and plasmatic factors, and the differentiation between them is essential for understanding its physiological implications. Yet, RBC/EC adhesion has been studied predominantly in protein-free media. To explore the plasma contribution to RBC/EC adhesion, we examined the adhesion of human RBC to human vascular endothelial cells in the presence of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and compared it to that in a protein-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). RBC from blood samples freshly-collected from five healthy donors and from fifteen units of packed RBC units were used. The same FFP sample was used in all measurements. In FFP, the RBC form strongly adherent aggregates, which are dispersed as the shear stress (τ) increases to 3.0 Pa, and even at 5.0 Pa a large portion of the RBC are still adherent. In PBS, the RBC are singly dispersed and their adhesion becomes insignificant already at τ = 0.5 Pa. No cross-correlation was found between the adhesion in PBS vs. that in FFP at the same τ. However, in both media, under conditions that form singly dispersed adherent RBC, an inverse correlation between RBC/EC adhesion in PBS vs. that in FFP was observed. This study clearly implies that for understanding the physiological relevance of RBC/EC adhesion it should be determined in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Barshtein
- Department Biochemistry, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | | - Dan Arbell
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saul Yedgar
- Department Biochemistry, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Wang Q, Zennadi R. The Role of RBC Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: From the Molecular Basis to Pathologic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101608. [PMID: 34679742 PMCID: PMC8533084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disorder and the most common severe hemoglobinopathy in the world. SCD is characterized by a point mutation in the β-globin gene, which results in hemoglobin (Hb) S production, leading to a variety of mechanistic and phenotypic changes within the sickle red blood cell (RBC). In SCD, the sickle RBCs are the root cause of the disease and they are a primary source of oxidative stress since sickle RBC redox state is compromised due to an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. This imbalance in redox state is a result of a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the sickle RBC caused by the constant endogenous Hb autoxidation and NADPH oxidase activation, as well as by a deficiency in the antioxidant defense system. Accumulation of non-neutralized ROS within the sickle RBCs affects RBC membrane structure and function, leading to membrane integrity deficiency, low deformability, phosphatidylserine exposure, and release of micro-vesicles. These oxidative stress-associated RBC phenotypic modifications consequently evoke a myriad of physiological changes involved in multi-system manifestations. Thus, RBC oxidative stress in SCD can ultimately instigate major processes involved in organ damage. The critical role of the sickle RBC ROS production and its regulation in SCD pathophysiology are discussed here.
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17
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Dao M, MacDonald I, Asaro RJ. Erythrocyte flow through the interendothelial slits of the splenic venous sinus. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2227-2245. [PMID: 34535857 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The flow patterns of red blood cells through the spleen are intimately linked to clearance of senescent RBCs, with clearance principally occurring within the open flow through the red pulp and slits of the venous sinus system that exists in humans, rats, and dogs. Passage through interendothelial slits (IESs) of the sinus has been shown by MacDonald et al. (Microvasc Res 33:118-134, 1987) to be mediated by the caliber, i.e., slit opening width, of these slits. IES caliber within a given slit of a given sinus section has been shown to operate in an asynchronous manner. Here, we describe a model and simulation results that demonstrate how the supporting forces exerted on the sinus by the reticular meshwork of the red pulp, combined with asymmetrical contractility of stress fibers within the endothelial cells comprising the sinus, describe this vital and intriguing behavior. These results shed light on the function of the sinus slits in species such as humans, rats, and dogs that possess sinusoidal sinuses. Instead of assuming a passive mechanical filtering mechanism of the IESs, our proposed model provides a mechanically consistent explanation for the dynamically modulated IES opening/filtering mechanism observed in vivo. The overall perspective provided is also consistent with the view that IES passage serves as a self-protective mechanism in RBC vesiculation and inclusion removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ian MacDonald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - R J Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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18
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Hasse S, Duchez AC, Fortin P, Boilard E, Bourgoin SG. Interplay between LPA2 and LPA3 in LPA-mediated phosphatidylserine cell surface exposure and extracellular vesicles release by erythrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114667. [PMID: 34216604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is growing for the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in vascular homeostasis, including thrombogenic events and inflammation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to induce phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and the release of RBC Extracellular Vesicles (REVs). Using high sensitivity flow cytometry, we examined the effects and the mechanisms by which the LPA species commonly found in human plasma could activate RBCs. We report that LPA 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1, but not LPA 20:4, induced PS exposure and the release of small PS- and large PS+ REVs through LPA3 receptor signalling in RBCs. The release of large PS+ REVs required higher concentrations of LPA. RBCs were not activated by LPA 20:4. Interestingly, blockade of LPA2 enhanced LPA-mediated PS- REV release in RBCs. Furthermore, LPA receptor agonists and antagonists highlighted that LPA 20:4 inhibited LPA3-dependent PS exposure and, through the LPA2 receptor, inhibited PS- REV production. Activation of RBCs with LPA 18:1 in normal plasma stimulated the release of PS- and PS+ REVs. REVs released in response to LPA were similar to those found in the plasma of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Our results suggest that LPA species exhibit different biological activities in RBCs through targeting LPA2 and/or LPA3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hasse
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Paul Fortin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Sylvain G Bourgoin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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19
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Asaro RJ, Cabrales P. Red Blood Cells: Tethering, Vesiculation, and Disease in Micro-Vascular Flow. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060971. [PMID: 34072241 PMCID: PMC8228733 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The red blood cell has become implicated in the progression of a range of diseases; mechanisms by which red cells are involved appear to include the transport of inflammatory species via red cell-derived vesicles. We review this role of RBCs in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera, central retinal vein occlusion, Gaucher disease, atherosclerosis, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. We propose a possibly unifying, and novel, paradigm for the inducement of RBC vesiculation during vascular flow of red cells adhered to the vascular endothelium as well as to the red pulp of the spleen. Indeed, we review the evidence for this hypothesis that links physiological conditions favoring both vesiculation and enhanced RBC adhesion and demonstrate the veracity of this hypothesis by way of a specific example occurring in splenic flow which we argue has various renderings in a wide range of vascular flows, in particular microvascular flows. We provide a mechanistic basis for membrane loss and the formation of lysed red blood cells in the spleen that may mediate their turnover. Our detailed explanation for this example also makes clear what features of red cell deformability are involved in the vesiculation process and hence require quantification and a new form of quantitative indexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-619-890-6888; Fax: +1-858-534-6373
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
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20
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Caimi G, Lo Presti R, Carlisi M. Reflections on the unexpected laboratory finding of hemorheological alterations observed in some haematological disorders. Microvasc Res 2021; 136:104171. [PMID: 33862043 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperviscosity syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the slowing of blood flow through the vessels and it may be associated with several diseases. The nosographic classification of primary hyperviscosity conditions (Wells classification 1970) divided the primary hyperviscosity syndromes in polycythaemic, sclerocytemic and sieric. Recent and personal laboratory observations have highlighted an unexpected behaviour of the erythrocyte deformability observed in some haematological disorders such as polycythemia vera, multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The interest of this observation depends on the fact that up to now, according to the Wells classification, the hemorheological alteration present in PV was related to the increase of RBC mass while that present in MM and MGUS was attributable to the abnormality of plasma or serum viscosity only. Through an extensive research among the literature, using MEDLINE/PubMed to identify all published reports on the hyperviscosity syndromes, issues that until now have been dealt with separately will therefore be analyzed in a unique paper, allowing a global view. The aim of this paper is to provide some suggestions for reflection and emphasizing the need of a nosographic framework of hyperviscosity that, probably, deserves to be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Caimi
- Department of Health Promotion and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Lo Presti
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Carlisi
- Department of Health Promotion and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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21
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Abdulmalik O, Darwish NHE, Muralidharan-Chari V, Taleb MA, Mousa SA. Sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin derivative modifies intracellular hemoglobin, inhibits cell sickling in vitro, and prolongs survival of sickle cell mice under hypoxia. Haematologica 2021; 107:532-540. [PMID: 33567814 PMCID: PMC8804574 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.272393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a single point mutation, resulting in abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HbS). During hypoxia or dehydration, HbS polymerizes to form insoluble aggregates and induces sickling of red blood cells, which increases the adhesiveness of the cells, thereby altering the rheological properties of the blood, and triggers inflammatory responses, leading to hemolysis and vaso-occlusive crises. Unfractionated heparin and low-molecular weight heparins have been suggested as treatments to relieve coagulation complications in SCD. However, they are associated with bleeding complications after repeated dosing. An alternative sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin derivative (S-NACH) was previously reported to have no to low systemic anticoagulant activity and no bleeding side effects, and it interfered with P-selectin-dependent binding of sickle cells to endothelial cells, with concomitant decrease in the levels of adhesion biomarkers in SCD mice. S-NACH has been further engineered and structurally enhanced to bind with and modify HbS to inhibit sickling directly, thus employing a multimodal approach. Here, we show that S-NACH can: (i) directly engage in Schiff-base reactions with HbS to decrease red blood cell sickling under both normoxia and hypoxia in vitro, (ii) prolong the survival of SCD mice under hypoxia, and (iii) regulate the altered steady state levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, our proof-of-concept, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies demonstrate that the multimodal S-NACH is a highly promising candidate for development into an improved and optimized alternative to low-molecular weight heparins for the treatment of patients with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Noureldien H E Darwish
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Clinical Pathology (Hematology Section), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura
| | | | - Maii Abu Taleb
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Vascular Vison Pharmaceuticals Co., 7 University Place, Rensselaer, NY.
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22
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Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Kotsalos C, de Sousa DR, Rousseau A, Lelubre C, Sartenaer O, Piagnerelli M, Dohet-Eraly J, Dubois F, Tasiaux N, Chopard B, Van Meerhaeghe A. Spherization of red blood cells and platelet margination in COPD patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1485:71-82. [PMID: 33009705 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) in pathological situations undergo biochemical and conformational changes, leading to alterations in rheology involved in cardiovascular events. The shape of RBCs in volunteers and stable and exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients was analyzed. The effects of RBC spherization on platelet transport (displacement in the flow field caused by their interaction with RBCs) were studied in vitro and by numerical simulations. RBC spherization was observed in COPD patients compared with volunteers. In in vitro experiments at a shear rate of 100 s-1 , treatment of RBCs with neuraminidase induced greater sphericity, which mainly affected platelet aggregates without changing aggregate size. At 400 s-1 , neuraminidase treatment changes both the size of the aggregates and the number of platelet aggregates. Numerical simulations indicated that RBC spherization induces an increase of the platelet mean square displacement, which is traditionally linked to the platelet diffusion coefficient. RBCs of COPD patients are more spherical than healthy volunteers. Experimentally, RBC spherization induces increased platelet transport to the wall. Additional studies are needed to understand the link between the effect of RBCs on platelet transport and the increased cardiovascular events observed in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Christos Kotsalos
- Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ribeiro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Christophe Lelubre
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.,Internal Medicine, CHU de Charleroi - Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Olivier Sartenaer
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Michael Piagnerelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.,Intensive Care, CHU de Charleroi - Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Dohet-Eraly
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.,Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Dubois
- Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Tasiaux
- Clinical Biology, Haematology Department, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Bastien Chopard
- Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Van Meerhaeghe
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
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23
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Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Blood Cell-Endothelium Interactions in Vascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155315. [PMID: 32727002 PMCID: PMC7432596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In physiology and pathophysiology the molecules involved in blood cell–blood cell and blood cell–endothelium interactions have been identified. Platelet aggregation and adhesion to the walls belonging to vessels involve glycoproteins (GP), GP llb and GP llla and the GP Ib–IX–V complex. Red blood cells (RBCs) in normal situations have little interaction with the endothelium. Abnormal adhesion of RBCs was first observed in sickle cell anemia involving vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, α4β1, Lu/BCAM, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-4. More recently RBC adhesion was found to be increased in retinal-vein occlusion (RVO) and in polycythemia vera (PV). The molecules which participate in this process are phosphatidylserine and annexin V in RVO, and phosphorylated Lu/BCAM and α5 laminin chain in PV. The additional adhesion in diabetes mellitus occurs due to the glycated RBC band 3 and the advanced glycation end-product receptors. The multiligand receptor binds advanced glycation end products (AGEs) or S100 calgranulins, or β-amyloid peptide. This receptor for advanced glycation end products is known as RAGE. The binding to RAGE-activated endothelial cells leads to an inflammatory reaction and a prothrombotic state via NADPH activation and altered gene expression. RAGE blockade is a potential target for drugs preventing the deleterious consequences of RAGE activation.
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24
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Asaro RJ, Zhu Q, MacDonald IC. Tethering, evagination, and vesiculation via cell-cell interactions in microvascular flow. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 20:31-53. [PMID: 32656697 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vesiculation is a ubiquitous process undergone by most cell types and serves a variety of vital cell functions; vesiculation from erythrocytes, in particular, is a well-known example and constitutes a self-protection mechanism against premature clearance, inter alia. Herein, we explore a paradigm that red blood cell derived vesicles may form within the microvascular, in intense shear flow, where cells become adhered to either other cells or the extracellular matrix, by forming tethers or an evagination. Adherence may be enhanced, or caused, by diseased states or chemical anomalies as are discussed herein. The mechanisms for such processes are detailed via numerical simulations that are patterned directly from video-recorded cell microflow within the splenic venous sinus (MacDonald et al. 1987), as included, e.g., as Supplementary Material. The mechanisms uncovered highlight the necessity of accounting for remodeling of the erythrocyte's membrane skeleton and, specifically, for the time scales associated with that process that is an integral part of cell deformation. In this way, the analysis provides pointed, and vital, insights into the notion of what the, often used phrase, cell deformability actually entails in a more holistic manner. The analysis also details what data are required to make further quantitative descriptions possible and suggests experimental pathways for acquiring such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ian C MacDonald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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25
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Föller M, Lang F. Ion Transport in Eryptosis, the Suicidal Death of Erythrocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:597. [PMID: 32733893 PMCID: PMC7360839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are among the most abundant cells in mammals and are perfectly adapted to their main functions, i.e., the transport of O2 to peripheral tissues and the contribution to CO2 transport to the lungs. In contrast to other cells, they are fully devoid of organelles. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells erythrocytes may enter suicidal death, eryptosis, which is characterized by the presentation of membrane phosphatidylserine on the cell surface and cell shrinkage, hallmarks that are also typical of apoptosis. Eryptosis may be triggered by an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which may be due to Ca2+ influx via non-selective cation channels of the TRPC family. Eryptosis is further induced by ceramide, which sensitizes erythrocytes to the eryptotic effect of Ca2+. Signaling regulating eryptosis further involves a variety of kinases including AMPK, PAK2, cGKI, JAK3, CK1α, CDK4, MSK1/2 and casein kinase. Eryptosis-dependent shrinkage is induced by K+ efflux through Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1, the Gardos channel. Eryptotic cells are phagocytosed and may adhere to endothelial cells. Eryptosis may help prevent hemolysis since defective erythrocytes usually undergo eryptosis followed by rapid clearance from circulating blood. Excessive eryptosis stimulated by various diseases and xenobiotics may result in anemia and/or impaired microcirculation. This review focuses on the significance and mechanisms of eryptosis as well as on the ion fluxes involved. Moreover, a short summary of further ion transport mechanisms of the erythrocyte membrane is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis during Aging: The Roles of Oxidative Stress in RBCs in Venous Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124259. [PMID: 32549393 PMCID: PMC7352981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-life stage adults are at higher risk of developing venous thrombosis (VT)/thromboembolism (VT/E). Aging is characterized by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could evoke a series of physiological changes involved in thrombosis. Here, we focus on the critical role of ROS within the red blood cell (RBC) in initiating venous thrombosis during aging. Growing evidence has shifted our interest in the role of unjustifiably unvalued RBCs in blood coagulation. RBCs can be a major source of oxidative stress during aging, since RBC redox homeostasis is generally compromised due to the discrepancy between prooxidants and antioxidants. As a result, ROS accumulate within the RBC due to the constant endogenous hemoglobin (Hb) autoxidation and NADPH oxidase activation, and the uptake of extracellular ROS released by other cells in the circulation. The elevated RBC ROS level affects the RBC membrane structure and function, causing loss of membrane integrity, and decreased deformability. These changes impair RBC function in hemostasis and thrombosis, favoring a hypercoagulable state through enhanced RBC aggregation, RBC binding to endothelial cells affecting nitric oxide availability, RBC-induced platelet activation consequently modulating their activity, RBC interaction with and activation of coagulation factors, increased RBC phosphatidylserine exposure and release of microvesicles, accelerated aging and hemolysis. Thus, RBC oxidative stress during aging typifies an ultimate mechanism in system failure, which can affect major processes involved in the development of venous thrombosis in a variety of ways. The reevaluated concept of the critical role of RBC ROS in the activation of thrombotic events during aging will help identify potential targets for novel strategies to prevent/reduce the risk for VT/E or VT/E recurrences in mid-life stage adults.
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Jia W, Burns JM, Villantay B, Tang JC, Vankayala R, Lertsakdadet B, Choi B, Nelson JS, Anvari B. Intravital Vascular Phototheranostics and Real-Time Circulation Dynamics of Micro- and Nanosized Erythrocyte-Derived Carriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:275-287. [PMID: 31820920 PMCID: PMC7028219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocyte-based carriers can serve as theranostic platforms for delivery of imaging and therapeutic payloads. Engineering these carriers at micro- or nanoscales makes them potentially useful for broad clinical applications ranging from vascular diseases to tumor theranostics. Longevity of these carriers in circulation is important in delivering a sufficient amount of their payloads to the target. We have investigated the circulation dynamics of micro (∼4.95 μm diameter) and nano (∼91 nm diameter) erythrocyte-derived carriers in real time using near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and evaluated the effectiveness of such carrier systems in mediating photothermolysis of cutaneous vasculature in mice. Fluorescence emission half-lives of micro- and nanosized carriers in response to a single intravenous injection were ∼49 and ∼15 min, respectively. A single injection of microsized carriers resulted in a 3-fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio that remained nearly persistent over 1 h of imaging time. Our results also suggest that a second injection of the carriers 7 days later can induce a transient inflammatory response, as manifested by the apparent leakage of the carriers into the perivascular tissue. The administration of the carriers into the mice vasculature reduced the threshold laser fluence to induce photothermolysis of blood vessels from >65 to 20 J/cm2. We discuss the importance of membrane physicochemical and mechanical characteristics in engineering erythrocyte-derived carriers and considerations for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangcun Jia
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617
| | - Joshua M. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Betty Villantay
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617
| | - Jack C. Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | | | - Ben Lertsakdadet
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Bernard Choi
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - J. Stuart Nelson
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521
- Corresponding Author
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Facile spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy for the discrimination of α and β thalassemia traits and diseases: A photodiagnosis approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:149-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bestard-Escalas J, Maimó-Barceló A, Pérez-Romero K, Lopez DH, Barceló-Coblijn G. Ins and Outs of Interpreting Lipidomic Results. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:5039-5062. [PMID: 31422112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipids are essential for life; however, research on how cells regulate cell lipid composition has been falling behind for quite some time. One reason was the difficulty in establishing analytical methods able to cope with the cell lipid repertoire. Development of a diversity of mass spectrometry-based technologies, including imaging mass spectrometry, has helped to demonstrate beyond doubt that the cell lipidome is not only greatly cell type dependent but also highly sensitive to any pathophysiological alteration such as differentiation or tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the current popularization of metabolomic studies among numerous disciplines has led many researchers to rediscover lipids. Hence, it is important to underscore the peculiarities of these metabolites and their metabolism, which are both radically different from protein and nucleic acid metabolism. Once differences in lipid composition have been established, researchers face a rather complex scenario, to investigate the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms accounting for their results. Thus, a detail often overlooked, but of crucial relevance, is the complex networks of enzymes involved in controlling the level of each one of the lipid species present in the cell. In most cases, these enzymes are redundant and promiscuous, complicating any study on lipid metabolism, since the modification of one particular lipid enzyme impacts simultaneously on many species. Altogether, this review aims to describe the difficulties in delving into the regulatory mechanisms tailoring the lipidome at the activity, genetic, and epigenetic level, while conveying the numerous, stimulating, and sometimes unexpected research opportunities afforded by this type of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Bestard-Escalas
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Albert Maimó-Barceló
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Karim Pérez-Romero
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel H Lopez
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
- Lipids in Human Pathology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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Depletion interaction forces contribute to erythrocyte-endothelial adhesion in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:144-148. [PMID: 31200959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal adhesion of red blood cells (RBC) to the endothelium has been linked to the pathophysiology of several diseases associated with vascular disorders. Various biochemical changes on the outer membrane of RBC, as well as plasma protein levels, have been identified as possibly playing key roles, but the detailed interplay between plasma factors and cellular factors often remains unclear. In this work, we identified an alternative pathway by demonstrating that non-adsorbing macromolecules can also have a marked impact on the adhesion efficiency of RBC from patients with type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) to endothelial cells (EC). RBC isolated from blood samples of T2DM patients were suspended in isotonic solutions of dextran in order to mimic the impact of non-adsorbing macromolecules. Static and continuous flow adhesion assays were used to determine the adhesion behavior of T2DM RBC with EC and the results compared with those of normal controls. We found that the presence of non-adsorbing molecules promotes an increase in T2DM RBC - EC adhesion and that these RBC exhibit much greater adhesion than normal red cells. Our results thus suggest that the depletion mechanism might be an alternative phenomenon through which plasma proteins could cause enhanced RBC-EC adhesion in diabetes mellitus. These findings contribute towards the comprehensive understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular complications in diabetes and other diseases with similar vascular sequelae.
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Bian Y, An GJ, Kim K, Ngo T, Shin S, Bae ON, Lim KM, Chung JH. Ginsenoside Rg3, a component of ginseng, induces pro-thrombotic activity of erythrocytes via hemolysis-associated phosphatidylserine exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110553. [PMID: 31163221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng and its active gradient, ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), are widely used for a variety of health benefits, but concerns over their misuses are increasing. Previously, it has been reported that Rg3 can cause hemolysis, but its health outcome remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Rg3 could promote the procoagulant activity of erythrocytes through the process of hemolysis, ultimately leading to increased thrombosis. In freshly isolated human erythrocytes, Rg3 caused pore formation and fragmentation of the erythrocyte membrane. Confocal microscopy observation and flow cytometric analysis revealed that remnant erythrocyte fragments after the exposure to Rg3 expressed phosphatidylserine (PS), which can promote blood coagulation through providing assembly sites for coagulation complexes. Rat in vivo experiments further confirmed that intravenous administration of Rg3 produced PS-bearing erythrocyte debris and increased thrombosis. Collectively, we demonstrated that Rg3 could induce the procoagulant activity of erythrocytes by generating PS-bearing erythrocyte debris through hemolysis, which might provoke thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Gwang-Jin An
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Thien Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, 156-707, South Korea.
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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WEISEL JW, LITVINOV RI. Red blood cells: the forgotten player in hemostasis and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:271-282. [PMID: 30618125 PMCID: PMC6932746 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New evidence has stirred up a long-standing but undeservedly forgotten interest in the role of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), in blood clotting and its disorders. This review summarizes the most recent research that describes the involvement of RBCs in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are both quantitative and qualitative changes in RBCs that affect bleeding and thrombosis, as well as interactions of RBCs with cellular and molecular components of the hemostatic system. The changes in RBCs that affect hemostasis and thrombosis include RBC counts or hematocrit (modulating blood rheology through viscosity) and qualitative changes, such as deformability, aggregation, expression of adhesive proteins and phosphatidylserine, release of extracellular microvesicles, and hemolysis. The pathogenic mechanisms implicated in thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk include variable adherence of RBCs to the vessel wall, which depends on the functional state of RBCs and/or endothelium, modulation of platelet reactivity and platelet margination, alterations of fibrin structure and reduced susceptibility to fibrinolysis, modulation of nitric oxide availability, and the levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII in blood related to the ABO blood group system. RBCs are involved in platelet-driven contraction of clots and thrombi that results in formation of a tightly packed array of polyhedral erythrocytes, or polyhedrocytes, which comprises a nearly impermeable barrier that is important for hemostasis and wound healing. The revisited notion of the importance of RBCs is largely based on clinical and experimental associations between RBCs and thrombosis or bleeding, implying that RBCs are a prospective therapeutic target in hemostatic and thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. WEISEL
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R. I. LITVINOV
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Boulet C, Doerig CD, Carvalho TG. Manipulating Eryptosis of Human Red Blood Cells: A Novel Antimalarial Strategy? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:419. [PMID: 30560094 PMCID: PMC6284368 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major global health burden, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Resistance against all currently available antimalarial drugs is a growing threat, and represents a major and long-standing obstacle to malaria eradication. Like many intracellular pathogens, Plasmodium parasites manipulate host cell signaling pathways, in particular programmed cell death pathways. Interference with apoptotic pathways by malaria parasites is documented in the mosquito and human liver stages of infection, but little is known about this phenomenon in the erythrocytic stages. Although mature erythrocytes have lost all organelles, they display a form of programmed cell death termed eryptosis. Numerous features of eryptosis resemble those of nucleated cell apoptosis, including surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, cell shrinkage and membrane ruffling. Upon invasion, Plasmodium parasites induce significant stress to the host erythrocyte, while delaying the onset of eryptosis. Many eryptotic inducers appear to have a beneficial effect on the course of malaria infection in murine models, but major gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. All currently available antimalarial drugs have parasite-encoded targets, which facilitates the emergence of resistance through selection of mutations that prevent drug-target binding. Identifying host cell factors that play a key role in parasite survival will provide new perspectives for host-directed anti-malarial chemotherapy. This review focuses on the interrelationship between Plasmodium falciparum and the eryptosis of its host erythrocyte. We summarize the current knowledge in this area, highlight the different schools of thoughts and existing gaps in knowledge, and discuss future perspectives for host-directed therapies in the context of antimalarial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Boulet
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian D Doerig
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa G Carvalho
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Chang R, Castillo J, Zambon AC, Krasieva TB, Fisher MJ, Sumbria RK. Brain Endothelial Erythrophagocytosis and Hemoglobin Transmigration Across Brain Endothelium: Implications for Pathogenesis of Cerebral Microbleeds. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:279. [PMID: 30237761 PMCID: PMC6135875 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral endothelial cells are capable of erythrophagocytosis, but data on brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis are limited. We studied the relationship between brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis and cerebral microhemorrhage, the pathological substrate of MRI-demonstrable cerebral microbleeds. To demonstrate the erythrophagocytic capability of the brain endothelium, we studied the interactions between brain endothelial cells and red blood cells exposed to oxidative stress in vitro, and developed a new in vitro cerebral microbleeds model to study the subsequent passage of hemoglobin across the brain endothelial monolayer. Using multiple approaches, our results show marked brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis of red blood cells exposed to oxidative stress compared with control red blood cells in vitro. This brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis was accompanied by passage of hemoglobin across the brain endothelial monolayer with unaltered monolayer integrity. In vivo and confocal fluorescence microscopy studies confirmed the extravasation of RBC exposed to oxidative stress across brain endothelium. These findings, demonstrating erythrophagocytosis mediated by the brain endothelial monolayer and the subsequent passage of iron-rich hemoglobin in vitro and RBC in vivo, may have implications for elucidating mechanisms involved in the development of cerebral microbleeds that are not dependent on disruption of the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Chang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Juan Castillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Tatiana B Krasieva
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States.,Departments of Neurology and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Noulsri E, Ardsiri S, Lerdwana S, Pattanapanyasat K. Comparison of Phosphatidylserine-Exposing Red Blood Cells, Fragmented Red Blood Cells and Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles in β-Thalassemia/HbE Patients. Lab Med 2018; 50:47-53. [DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakkarin Ardsiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surada Lerdwana
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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The Exposure of Phosphatidylserine Influences Procoagulant Activity in Retinal Vein Occlusion by Microparticles, Blood Cells, and Endothelium. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3658476. [PMID: 30057675 PMCID: PMC6051034 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3658476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypercoagulability in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is largely unknown. Whether the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and microparticle (MPs) release will affect procoagulant activity (PCA) in RVO needs to be investigated. Objectives. To evaluate PS expression, circulating MPs, and the corresponding PCA in RVO patients. Twenty-five RVO patients were compared with 25 controls. PS-positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. Cell-specific MPs were measured by lactadherin for PS and relevant CD antibody. We explored PCA with coagulation time, purified coagulation complex assays, and fibrin production assays. In RVO, MPs from platelets, erythrocytes, leukocyte, and endothelial cells were increased and the exposure of PS was elevated significantly when compared with controls. In addition, we showed that circulating MPs in RVO patients were mostly derived from platelets, representing about 60-70% of all MPs, followed by erythrocytes and leukocytes. Moreover, PS exposure, ECs, and MPs in RVO lead to shortened clotting time with upregulation of FXa and thrombin formation obviously. Importantly, ECs treated with RVO serum which bounded FVa and FXa explicitly suggested the damage of retinal vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, lactadherin can inhibit the combination between PS and coagulation factors by approximately 70% and then exert an anticoagulant effect. In summary, circulating MPs and exposed PS from different cells may contribute to the increased PCA in patients with RVO. Lactadherin can be used for PS detection and an anticoagulant agent.
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Faes C, Sparkenbaugh EM, Pawlinski R. Hypercoagulable state in sickle cell disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 68:301-318. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-189013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Faes
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Vascular biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Laboratory of Excellence “GR-Ex, ” Paris, France
| | - Erica M. Sparkenbaugh
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Zayed MA, Hsu FF, Patterson BW, Yan Y, Naim U, Darwesh M, De Silva G, Yang C, Semenkovich CF. Diabetes adversely affects phospholipid profiles in human carotid artery endarterectomy plaques. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:730-738. [PMID: 29478028 PMCID: PMC5880490 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m081026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of developing carotid artery stenosis and resultant stroke. Arachidonoyl phospholipids affect plaque inflammation and vulnerability, but whether diabetic patients have unique carotid artery phospholipidomic profiles is unknown. We performed a comprehensive paired analysis of phospholipids in extracranial carotid endarterectomy (CEA) plaques of matched diabetic and nondiabetic patients and analyzed mass spectrometry-derived profiles of three phospholipids, plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (pPE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), in maximally (MAX) and minimally (MIN) diseased CEA segments. We also measured levels of arachidonic acid (AA), produced by pPE hydrolysis, and choline-ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1), responsible for most pPE de novo biosynthesis. In paired analysis, MIN CEA segments had higher levels than MAX segments of pPE (P < 0.001), PS (P < 0.001), and PI (P < 0.03). MIN diabetic plaques contained higher levels than MAX diabetic plaques of arachidonoyl pPE38:4 and pPE38:5 and CEPT1 was upregulated in diabetic versus nondiabetic plaques. AA levels were relatively greater in MIN versus MAX segments of all CEA segments, and were higher in diabetic than nondiabetic plaques. Our findings suggest that arachidonoyl phospholipids are more likely to be abundant in the extracranial carotid artery plaque of diabetic rather than nondiabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Zayed
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Department of Medicine, and Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Uzma Naim
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Malik Darwesh
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gayan De Silva
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chao Yang
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Totino PR, Lopes SC. Insights into the Cytoadherence Phenomenon of Plasmodium vivax: The Putative Role of Phosphatidylserine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1148. [PMID: 28979260 PMCID: PMC5611623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread and the dominant human malaria parasite in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa and, although it was classically recognized to cause benign infection, severe cases and deaths caused by P. vivax have remarkably been reported. In contrast to Plasmodium falciparum, which well-known ability to bind to endothelium and placental tissue and form rosettes is related to severity of the disease, it has been a dogma that P. vivax is unable to undergo cytoadherent phenomena. However, some studies have demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs) infected by P. vivax can cytoadhere to host cells, while the molecules participating in this host–parasite interaction are still a matter of speculation. In the present overview, we address the evidences currently supporting the adhesive profile of P. vivax and, additionally, discuss the putative role of phosphatidylserine—a cell membrane phospholipid with cytoadhesive properties that has been detected on the surface of Plasmodium-parasitized RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Renato Totino
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dosier LBM, Premkumar VJ, Zhu H, Akosman I, Wempe MF, McMahon TJ. Antagonists of the system L neutral amino acid transporter (LAT) promote endothelial adhesivity of human red blood cells. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1402-1411. [PMID: 28382373 PMCID: PMC5755361 DOI: 10.1160/th16-05-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The system L neutral amino acid transporter (LAT; LAT1, LAT2, LAT3, or LAT4) has multiple functions in human biology, including the cellular import of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), biologically active derivatives of nitric oxide (NO). SNO formation by haemoglobin within red blood cells (RBC) has been studied, but the conduit whereby a SNO leaves the RBC remains unidentified. Here we hypothesised that SNO export by RBCs may also depend on LAT activity, and investigated the role of RBC LAT in modulating SNO-sensitive RBC-endothelial cell (EC) adhesion. We used multiple pharmacologic inhibitors of LAT in vitro and in vivo to test the role of LAT in SNO export from RBCs and in thereby modulating RBC-EC adhesion. Inhibition of human RBC LAT by type-1-specific or nonspecific LAT antagonists increased RBC-endothelial adhesivity in vitro, and LAT inhibitors tended to increase post-transfusion RBC sequestration in the lung and decreased oxygenation in vivo. A LAT1-specific inhibitor attenuated SNO export from RBCs, and we demonstrated LAT1 in RBC membranes and LAT1 mRNA in reticulocytes. The proadhesive effects of inhibiting LAT1 could be overcome by supplemental L-CSNO (S-nitroso-L-cysteine), but not D-CSNO or L-Cys, and suggest a basal anti-adhesive role for stereospecific intercellular SNO transport. This study reveals for the first time a novel role of LAT1 in the export of SNOs from RBCs to prevent their adhesion to ECs. The findings have implications for the mechanisms of intercellular SNO signalling, and for thrombosis, sickle cell disease, and post-storage RBC transfusion, when RBC adhesivity is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy J McMahon
- Tim J. McMahon, MD, PhD, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103003, Medical Sciences Research Building 1, 203 Research Dr., Durham, NC 27710, USA, E-mail:
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41
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Lee H, Lee K, Lee BK, Priezzhev AV, Shin S. Effect of shear-induced platelet activation on red blood cell aggregation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 66:97-104. [PMID: 28211801 DOI: 10.3233/ch-16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical shear stress is one of the important factors for platelet activation. Although shear stress has been frequently utilized in many applications of diagnostic bio-equipment, there has been little consideration as to whether shear stress induces platelet activation and consequently alters hemorheological characteristics. Therefore, we investigated the effect of shear-induced platelet activation on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. The hypothesis of the present research is as follows: Platelets activated by high shear stress secrete substances, which can affect hemorheological characteristics to promote RBC aggregation. In our study, an increase in RBC aggregation indices (critical shear stress (CSS) and aggregation index (AI)) by shear-induced platelet activation was observed. Significantly, an increase of 19% in CSS was observed. However, deformability remained unchanged. These phenomena could be a result of the increased cellular adhesion force on RBC membranes due to secreted substances from activated platelets. Therefore, since high shear application results in the unexpected effect on RBC aggregation, conditions for shear application in diagnostic bio-equipment are to be carefully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Lee
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Byoung-Kwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, GangNam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alexander V Priezzhev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics and International Laser Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sehyun Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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42
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White J, Krishnamoorthy S, Gupta D, Lancelot M, Moore N, Sarnaik S, Hobbs WE, Light DR, Hines P. VLA-4 blockade by natalizumab inhibits sickle reticulocyte and leucocyte adhesion during simulated blood flow. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:970-82. [PMID: 27291690 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4, α4β1-integrin, ITGA4) orchestrates cell-cell and cell-endothelium adhesion. Given the proposed role of VLA-4 in sickle cell disease (SCD) pathophysiology, we evaluated the ability of the VLA-4 blocking antibody natalizumab to inhibit SCD blood cell adhesion. Natalizumab recognized surface VLA-4 on leucocytes and reticulocytes in whole blood from SCD subjects. SCD reticulocytes were positive for VLA-4, while VLA-4 staining of non-SCD reticulocytes was undetectable. Titrations with natalizumab revealed the presence of saturable levels of VLA-4 on both SCD reticulocytes and leucocytes similar to healthy subject leucocytes. Under physiological flow conditions, the adhesion of SCD whole blood cells and isolated SCD leucocytes to immobilized vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was blocked by natalizumab in a dose-dependent manner, which correlated with cell surface receptor binding. Natalizumab also inhibited >50% of whole blood cell binding to TNF-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers under physiological flow at clinically relevant concentrations (10 to 100 μg/ml). This indicates that VLA-4 is the dominant receptor that drives SCD reticulocyte and mononuclear cell adhesion to VCAM-1 and that the VLA-4 adhesion to VCAM-1 is a significant contributor to SCD blood cell adhesion to endothelium. Thus, VLA-4 blockade may be beneficial in sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennell White
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Moira Lancelot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sharada Sarnaik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick Hines
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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43
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Michalska-Małecka K, Śpiewak D, Słowińska-Łożyńska L, Sierocka-Stępień J. Influence of hemorheological factors on the development of retinal vein occlusion. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 63:69-76. [PMID: 27163689 DOI: 10.3233/ch-162056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to present the influence of hemorheological factors on appearance of Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO). Article explains which factors predispose to the occurrence of RVO. STUDY SELECTION Data presented in the article were collected from both review articles and research articles as well as other sources concerning hemorheology, pharmacology and ophthalmology. RESULTS Appearance of RVO is connected with blood viscosity and hemorheological parametres like aggregation of red blood cells, deformability of red blood cells, fibrinogen concentrations and haematocrit, and platelet activity. In the pathogenesis of retinal vein occlusion other risk factors were also indicated: age, systemic diseases and smoking. Such correlation has been indicated in numerous researches which were conducted over the last years. RVO is usually accompanied by macular oedema. RVO may successfully be treated using intravitreal dexamethasone implant. CONCLUSION Quick diagnosis and therapy create a possibility for successful treatment. Corticosteroid positive influence on visual acuity improvement has been indicted in two randomized, double-blind controlled studies - CRUISE and BRAVO. In both studies, the improvement of vision has been accompanied by a significant reduction of oedema in the vicinity of macula, reflected in the central retinal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska-Małecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,University Centre of Ophthalmology and Oncology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Śpiewak
- University Centre of Ophthalmology and Oncology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Sierocka-Stępień
- University Centre of Ophthalmology and Oncology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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44
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Agrawal R, Sherwood J, Chhablani J, Ricchariya A, Kim S, Jones PH, Balabani S, Shima D. Red blood cells in retinal vascular disorders. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 56:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kim K, Bae ON, Koh SH, Kang S, Lim KM, Noh JY, Shin S, Kim I, Chung JH. High-Dose Vitamin C Injection to Cancer Patients May Promote Thrombosis Through Procoagulant Activation of Erythrocytes. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:350-9. [PMID: 26139164 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential risk of high-dose vitamin C consumption is often ignored. Recently, gram-dose vitamin C is being intravenously injected for the treatment of cancer, which can expose circulating blood cells to extremely high concentrations of vitamin C. As well as platelets, red blood cells (RBCs) can actively participate in thrombosis through procoagulant activation. Here, we examined the procoagulant and prothrombotic risks associated with the intravenous injection of gram-dose vitamin C. Vitamin C (0.5-5 mM) increased procoagulant activity of freshly isolated human RBCs via the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) to outer cellular membrane and the formation of PS-bearing microvesicles. PS exposure was induced by the dysregulation of key enzymes for the maintenance of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, which was from vitamin C-induced oxidative stress, and resultant disruption of calcium and thiol homeostasis. Indeed, the intravenous injection of vitamin C (0.5-1.0 g/kg) in rats in vivo significantly increased thrombosis. Notably, the prothrombotic effects of vitamin C were more prominent in RBCs isolated from cancer patients, who are at increased risks of thrombotic events. Vitamin C-induced procoagulant and prothrombotic activation of RBCs, and increased thrombosis in vivo. RBCs from cancer patients exhibited increased sensitivity to the prothrombotic effects of vitamin C, reflecting that intravenous gram-dose vitamin C therapy needs to be carefully revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunyoung Kim
- *College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Koh
- *College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seojin Kang
- *College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans Universtiy, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- *College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul 156-707, Korea; and
| | - Inho Kim
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- *College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxygen (O2) delivery, the maintenance of which is fundamental to supporting those with critical illness, is a function of blood O2 content and flow. Here, we review red blood cell (RBC) physiology relevant to disordered O2 delivery in the critically ill. RECENT FINDINGS Flow (rather than content) is the focus of O2 delivery regulation. O2 content is relatively fixed, whereas flow fluctuates by several orders of magnitude. Thus, blood flow volume and distribution vary to maintain coupling between O2 delivery and demand. The trapping, processing and delivery of nitric oxide (NO) by RBCs has emerged as a conserved mechanism through which regional blood flow is linked to biochemical cues of perfusion sufficiency. We will review conventional RBC physiology that influences O2 delivery (O2 affinity & rheology) and introduce a new paradigm for O2 delivery homeostasis based on coordinated gas transport and vascular signaling by RBCs. SUMMARY By coordinating vascular signaling in a fashion that links O2 and NO flux, RBCs couple vessel caliber (and thus blood flow) to O2 need in tissue. Malfunction of this signaling system is implicated in a wide array of pathophysiologies and may be explanatory for the dysoxia frequently encountered in the critical care setting.
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Abstract
Fibrinolysis appears in many diverse physiological situations, and the components of the system are well established, along with mechanistic details for the individual reactions and some high-resolution structures. Key questions in understanding the regulation of fibrinolysis surround mechanisms of initiation and propagation, the localization of fibrinolysis reactions to the fibrin clot, and the influence of fibrin structure and clot composition on thrombolysis. This review covers these key areas with a focus on recent developments on fibrin structure and binding, the effects of a variety of cell types, the consequences of histones and DNA released by neutrophils, and the influence of flow. A complete understanding of the regulation of fibrinolysis will come from the building of detailed mathematical models. Suitable models are at an early stage of development, but may improve as model clots increase in complexity to incorporate the components and interactions listed above.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Longstaff
- Biotherapeutics, Haemostasis Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, UK
| | - K Kolev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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48
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Marquardt D, Geier B, Pabst G. Asymmetric lipid membranes: towards more realistic model systems. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:180-96. [PMID: 25955841 PMCID: PMC4496639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of transbilayer asymmetry in natural cell membranes, the vast majority of existing research has utilized chemically well-defined symmetric liposomes, where the inner and outer bilayer leaflets have the same composition. Here, we review various aspects of asymmetry in nature and in model systems in anticipation for the next phase of model membrane studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Marquardt
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstr 50/III, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria.
| | - Barbara Geier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstr 50/III, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria.
| | - Georg Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstr 50/III, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria.
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the unexpected role of red blood cell (RBC) adhesiveness in the pathophysiology of two red cell diseases, hereditary spherocytosis and polycythemia vera, and two 'nonerythroid' disorders, central retinal vein occlusion and Gaucher disease. These pathologies share common clinical manifestations, that is vaso-occlusion and/or thrombotic events. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, the direct involvement of RBC adhesion to the vascular endothelium has been demonstrated in the occurrence of vaso-occlusive events, in particular in sickle cell disease (SCD). Several erythroid adhesion molecules and their ligands have been identified that belong to different molecular classes (integrins, Ig-like molecules, lipids...) and are activated by a variety of signaling pathways. Among these, the laminin receptor, Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule, which is activated by phosphorylation, appears to play a central role in several pathologies. SUMMARY RBC adhesiveness might be involved in complications such as the vaso-occlusive crisis in SCD, thrombosis in polycythemia vera, splenic sequestration in hereditary spherocytosis, occlusions in central retinal vein occlusion and bone infarcts in Gaucher disease. Characterization of this pathological process at the cellular and molecular levels should prove useful to develop new therapeutic approaches based on the blockade of RBC abnormal interactions with vascular endothelium and/or circulating blood cells.
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50
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Totino PRR, Magalhães ADD, Alves EB, Costa MRF, de Lacerda MVG, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Plasmodium falciparum, but not P. vivax, can induce erythrocytic apoptosis. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:484. [PMID: 25325923 PMCID: PMC4206708 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis can occur in red blood cells (RBC) and seems to be involved in hematologic disorders related to many diseases. In malaria it is known that parasitized RBC (pRBC) is involved in the development of anemia and thrombosis; however, non-parasitized RBC (nRBC) apoptosis could amplify these malaria-associated hematologic events. In fact, in experimental malaria, increased levels of apoptosis were observed in nRBC during lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection, but in human malaria erythrocytic apoptosis has never been studied. The present study was performed to investigate if nRBC apoptosis also occurs in P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. Findings Apoptosis of nRBC was evaluated in blood samples of P. vivax malaria patients and clinically healthly individuals living in Manaus, Brazil, both ex vivo and after incubation of RBC for 24 h. Additionally, the capacity of plasma from P. vivax or P. falciparum patients was tested for induction of in vitro apoptosis of normal RBC from a clinically healthy individual living in a non-endemic malaria region. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using annexin V staining. In contrast to experimental malaria that significantly increased the levels of apoptotic nRBC both ex-vivo and after 24 h of incubation, no significant alteration on apoptotic nRBC rates was detected in P. vivax infected patients when compared with non-infected control individuals. Similar results were observed when plasma of these P. vivax patients was incubated with normal RBC. Conversely, plasma from P. falciparum-infected subjects induced significant apoptosis of these cells. Conclusions Apoptosis of normal RBC can be induced by plasma from individuals with P. falciparum (but not with P. vivax) malaria. This finding could reflect the existence of erythrocytic apoptosis during infection that could contribute to the pathogenesis of hematological and vascular complications associated with falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Renato Rivas Totino
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
| | - Aline das Dores Magalhães
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
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