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Bissinger R, Qadri SM, Artunc F. Eryptosis: a driver of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:220-225. [PMID: 37987655 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anemia, characterized by a reduction in red blood cell (RBC) count or hemoglobin concentration, commonly accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD), significantly impacting patients' quality of life. This review delves into the multifaceted nature of anemia in CKD, with a focus on novel mechanisms, particularly the dysregulation of eryptosis or programmed cell death of RBCs, leading to shortened RBC lifespan. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in CKD patients and mouse models revealed that eryptosis, driven by factors such as uremic toxins, inflammation, and imbalances in calcium homeostasis, plays a pivotal role in the development of renal anemia. Dysregulated eryptosis results in premature RBC destruction, exacerbating the hypoproliferative character of anemia in CKD. SUMMARY Recognizing the intricate relationship between eryptosis and anemia in CKD opens promising prospects for improving patient outcomes and enhancing our understanding of this complex condition. Future research and therapeutic development in this area hold the potential to improve anemia treatment of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen
- German Center for Diabetes Research at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kennedy B, Mirza S, Mandiangu T, Bissinger R, Stotesbury TE, Jones-Taggart H, Green-Johnson J, Qadri SM. Examination of Bovine Red Blood Cell Death in Vitro in Response to Pathophysiologic Proapoptotic Stimuli. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:331. [PMID: 38179772 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2812331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecies variations in mammalian red blood cells (RBCs) are observed in circulating RBC lifespan, cell size, fluidity, aggregation, water permeability, metabolism, lipid composition, and the overall proteome. Bovine RBC cell membrane is deficient in phosphatidylcholine and exhibits anomalies in the arrangement of phosphatidylethanolamine within the lipid bilayer. However, like human RBCs, virtually all the aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is found within the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane of intact circulating bovine RBCs. During apoptotic cell death of human and murine RBCs, PS translocates to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane via Ca2+-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms. However, little is known about this process in bovine RBCs. METHODS Using cytofluorometry analyses, we characterized and compared the cell death responses in bovine and human RBCs in vitro exposed to various pathophysiologic cell stressors. RESULTS Ionic stress, by ionophore treatment, and oxidative stress enhanced cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and cell membrane PS expression in both bovine and human RBCs. Fever-grade hyperthermia and energy starvation promoted Ca2+ influx and elevated reactive oxygen species levels in both human and bovine RBCs. However, bovine RBCs displayed minimal increases in PS expression elicited by hyperthermia, energy starvation, and extracellular hypertonicity as compared to human RBCs. In response to decreased extracellular osmolality, bovine RBCs exhibited significantly enhanced fragility as compared to human RBCs. CONCLUSIONS Bovine RBCs display differential cell death patterns as compared to human RBCs, only partly explained by increased Ca2+ influx and oxidative stress. Premature removal of circulating RBCs could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia in cattle caused by a wide range of factors such as systemic diseases, parasitic infections, and nutritional deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Kennedy
- Applied Bioscience Program, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Sonia Mirza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Tania Mandiangu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresa E Stotesbury
- Applied Bioscience Program, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Holly Jones-Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Program, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Julia Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Program, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Applied Bioscience Program, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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Williams A, Bissinger R, Shamaa H, Patel S, Bourne L, Artunc F, Qadri SM. Pathophysiology of Red Blood Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes and Its Complications. Pathophysiology 2023; 30:327-345. [PMID: 37606388 PMCID: PMC10443300 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with multiple microvascular complications leading to nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Mounting evidence suggests that red blood cell (RBC) alterations are both a cause and consequence of disturbances related to DM-associated complications. Importantly, a significant proportion of DM patients develop varying degrees of anemia of confounding etiology, leading to increased morbidity. In chronic hyperglycemia, RBCs display morphological, enzymatic, and biophysical changes, which in turn prime them for swift phagocytic clearance from circulation. A multitude of endogenous factors, such as oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, uremic toxins, extracellular hypertonicity, sorbitol accumulation, and deranged nitric oxide metabolism, have been implicated in pathological RBC changes in DM. This review collates clinical laboratory findings of changes in hematology indices in DM patients and discusses recent reports on the putative mechanisms underpinning shortened RBC survival and disturbed cell membrane architecture within the diabetic milieu. Specifically, RBC cell death signaling, RBC metabolism, procoagulant RBC phenotype, RBC-triggered endothelial cell dysfunction, and changes in RBC deformability and aggregation in the context of DM are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of RBC alterations in DM provides valuable insights into the clinical significance of the crosstalk between RBCs and microangiopathy in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Williams
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hala Shamaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Shivani Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Lavern Bourne
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M. Qadri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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4
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Berezhnoy G, Bissinger R, Liu A, Cannet C, Schäfer H, Kienzle K, Bitzer M, Häberle H, Göpel S, Trautwein C, Singh Y. Maintained imbalance of triglycerides, apolipoproteins, energy metabolites and cytokines in long-term COVID-19 syndrome patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144224. [PMID: 37228606 PMCID: PMC10203989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deep metabolomic, proteomic and immunologic phenotyping of patients suffering from an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have matched a wide diversity of clinical symptoms with potential biomarkers for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have described the role of small as well as complex molecules such as metabolites, cytokines, chemokines and lipoproteins during infection and in recovered patients. In fact, after an acute SARS-CoV-2 viral infection almost 10-20% of patients experience persistent symptoms post 12 weeks of recovery defined as long-term COVID-19 syndrome (LTCS) or long post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Emerging evidence revealed that a dysregulated immune system and persisting inflammation could be one of the key drivers of LTCS. However, how these biomolecules altogether govern pathophysiology is largely underexplored. Thus, a clear understanding of how these parameters within an integrated fashion could predict the disease course would help to stratify LTCS patients from acute COVID-19 or recovered patients. This could even allow to elucidation of a potential mechanistic role of these biomolecules during the disease course. Methods This study comprised subjects with acute COVID-19 (n=7; longitudinal), LTCS (n=33), Recov (n=12), and no history of positive testing (n=73). 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with IVDr standard operating procedures verified and phenotyped all blood samples by quantifying 38 metabolites and 112 lipoprotein properties. Univariate and multivariate statistics identified NMR-based and cytokine changes. Results Here, we report on an integrated analysis of serum/plasma by NMR spectroscopy and flow cytometry-based cytokines/chemokines quantification in LTCS patients. We identified that in LTCS patients lactate and pyruvate were significantly different from either healthy controls (HC) or acute COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, correlation analysis in LTCS group only among cytokines and amino acids revealed that histidine and glutamine were uniquely attributed mainly with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Of note, triglycerides and several lipoproteins (apolipoproteins Apo-A1 and A2) in LTCS patients demonstrate COVID-19-like alterations compared with HC. Interestingly, LTCS and acute COVID-19 samples were distinguished mostly by their phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) and glucose concentrations, illustrating an imbalanced energy metabolism. Most of the cytokines and chemokines were present at low levels in LTCS patients compared with HC except for IL-18 chemokine, which tended to be higher in LTCS patients. Conclusion The identification of these persisting plasma metabolites, lipoprotein and inflammation alterations will help to better stratify LTCS patients from other diseases and could help to predict ongoing severity of LTCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Liu
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire Cannet
- Bruker BioSpin, Applied Industrial and Clinical Division, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schäfer
- Bruker BioSpin, Applied Industrial and Clinical Division, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kienzle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Helene Häberle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siri Göpel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Bissinger R, Bohnert BN, Nemkov T, Artunc F. The authors reply. Kidney Int 2022; 101:649-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Bissinger R, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Grau M, Dietz T, Bohnert BN, Essigke D, Wörn M, Schaefer L, Xiao M, Beirne JM, Kalo MZ, Schork A, Bakchoul T, Omage K, Kong L, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Dhariwal A, Birkenfeld AL, Grahammer F, Qadri SM, Artunc F. Proteinuric chronic kidney disease is associated with altered red blood cell lifespan, deformability and metabolism. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1227-1239. [PMID: 34537228 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, affecting the quality of life of patients. Among various factors, such as iron and erythropoietin deficiency, reduced red blood cell (RBC) lifespan has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anemia. However, mechanistic data on in vivo RBC dysfunction in kidney disease are lacking. Herein, we describe the development of chronic kidney disease-associated anemia in mice with proteinuric kidney disease resulting from either administration of doxorubicin or an inducible podocin deficiency. In both experimental models, anemia manifested at day 10 and progressed at day 30 despite increased circulating erythropoietin levels and erythropoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen. Circulating RBCs in both mouse models displayed altered morphology and diminished osmotic-sensitive deformability together with increased phosphatidylserine externalization on the outer plasma membrane, a hallmark of RBC death. Fluorescence-labelling of RBCs at day 20 of mice with doxorubicin-induced kidney disease revealed premature clearance from the circulation. Metabolomic analyses of RBCs from both mouse models demonstrated temporal changes in redox recycling pathways and Lands' cycle, a membrane lipid remodeling process. Anemic patients with proteinuric kidney disease had an increased proportion of circulating phosphatidylserine-positive RBCs. Thus, our observations suggest that reduced RBC lifespan, mediated by altered RBC metabolism, reduced RBC deformability, and enhanced cell death contribute to the development of anemia in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marijke Grau
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Dietz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Bernhard N Bohnert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Essigke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wörn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lina Schaefer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mengyun Xiao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Beirne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M Zaher Kalo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schork
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lingsi Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achal Dhariwal
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Sharma A, Müller J, Schuetze K, Rolfes V, Bissinger R, Rosero N, Ahmad A, Franklin BS, Zur B, Fröhlich H, Lang F, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B, Wüllner U. Comprehensive Profiling of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Marker Reveals Elevated Plasmin-Antiplasmin Complexes in Parkinson's Disease. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:716. [PMID: 34439949 PMCID: PMC8389253 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), an apparently predominant neuronal protein, is a major contributor to PD pathology. As α-Syn is also highly abundant in blood, particularly in red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets, this in turn raises the question on the function of presumably dysfunctional α-Syn in "peripheral" cells and its putative effect on the other enclosed constituents. Herein, we detected the internal variance in erythrocytes of PD patients by Raman spectroscopy, but no measurable amount of erythrocytic behavioural change (eryptosis) or any haemoglobin variation was noticed. An elevated level of plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (PAP) was observed in the plasma of PD patients, indicating activation of the fibrinolytic system, but platelet activation after thrombin stimulation was not altered. Sex-specific patterns were noticed for blood coagulation factor XIII and factor XII activity in PD patients. Additionally, the alterations in homocysteine levels which have often been observed in PD patients were found to be independent from L-DOPA usage and PAP levels. Furthermore, a selective gene expression analysis identified subsets of genes related to different blood-associated compartments (RBCs, platelets, coagulation-fibrinolysis) also involved in PD-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (J.M.); (J.O.); (B.P.)
| | | | - Verena Rolfes
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.R.); (N.R.); (B.S.F.)
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Eberhard Karl University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Nathalia Rosero
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.R.); (N.R.); (B.S.F.)
| | - Ashar Ahmad
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT (B-IT), University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (A.A.); (H.F.)
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.R.); (N.R.); (B.S.F.)
| | - Berndt Zur
- Central Laboratory of the Rheinland Klinikum Neuss, 41464 Neuss, Germany;
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT (B-IT), University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (A.A.); (H.F.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (J.M.); (J.O.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (J.M.); (J.O.); (B.P.)
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Singh Y, Trautwein C, Fendel R, Krickeberg N, Berezhnoy G, Bissinger R, Ossowski S, Salker MS, Casadei N, Riess O. SARS-CoV-2 infection paralyzes cytotoxic and metabolic functions of the immune cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07147. [PMID: 34075347 PMCID: PMC8159709 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of the global COVID-19 infectious disease outbreak, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, it is still unclear how the virus interferes with immune cell and metabolic functions in the human body. In this study, we investigated the immune response in acute or convalescent COVID-19 patients. We characterized the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using flow cytometry and found that CD8+ T cells were significantly subsided in moderate COVID-19 and convalescent patients. Furthermore, characterization of CD8+ T cells suggested that convalescent patients have significantly diminished expression of both perforin and granzyme A. Using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, we characterized the metabolic status of their autologous PBMCs. We found that fructose, lactate and taurine levels were elevated in infected (mild and moderate) patients compared with control and convalescent patients. Glucose, glutamate, formate and acetate levels were attenuated in COVID-19 (mild and moderate) patients. In summary, our report suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to disrupted CD8+ T cytotoxic functions and changes the overall metabolic functions of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Naomi Krickeberg
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Bissinger R, Petkova-Kirova P, Mykhailova O, Oldenborg PA, Novikova E, Donkor DA, Dietz T, Bhuyan AAM, Sheffield WP, Grau M, Artunc F, Kaestner L, Acker JP, Qadri SM. Thrombospondin-1/CD47 signaling modulates transmembrane cation conductance, survival, and deformability of human red blood cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:155. [PMID: 32948210 PMCID: PMC7502024 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a Ca2+-binding trimeric glycoprotein secreted by multiple cell types, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several clinical conditions. Signaling involving TSP-1, through its cognate receptor CD47, orchestrates a wide array of cellular functions including cytoskeletal organization, migration, cell-cell interaction, cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the impact of TSP-1/CD47 signaling on Ca2+ dynamics, survival, and deformability of human red blood cells (RBCs). METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp was employed to examine transmembrane cation conductance. RBC intracellular Ca2+ levels and multiple indices of RBC cell death were determined using cytofluorometry analysis. RBC morphology and microvesiculation were examined using imaging flow cytometry. RBC deformability was measured using laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer. RESULTS Exposure of RBCs to recombinant human TSP-1 significantly increased RBC intracellular Ca2+ levels. As judged by electrophysiology experiments, TSP-1 treatment elicited an amiloride-sensitive inward current alluding to a possible Ca2+ influx via non-selective cation channels. Exogenous TSP-1 promoted microparticle shedding as well as enhancing Ca2+- and nitric oxide-mediated RBC cell death. Monoclonal (mouse IgG1) antibody-mediated CD47 ligation using 1F7 recapitulated the cell death-inducing effects of TSP-1. Furthermore, TSP-1 treatment altered RBC cell shape and stiffness (maximum elongation index). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data unravel a new role for TSP-1/CD47 signaling in mediating Ca2+ influx into RBCs, a mechanism potentially contributing to their dysfunction in a variety of systemic diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Olga Mykhailova
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Per-Arne Oldenborg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David A Donkor
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Dietz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | - William P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marijke Grau
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jason P Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
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10
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Bissinger R, Lang E, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ghashghaeinia M, Pelzl L, Sukkar B, Bhuyan AAM, Salker MS, Singh Y, Fehrenbacher B, Fakhri H, Umbach AT, Schaller M, Qadri SM, Lang F. Genetic deficiency of the tumor suppressor protein p53 influences erythrocyte survival. Apoptosis 2019; 23:641-650. [PMID: 30238335 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 suppresses tumor growth by inducing nucleated cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. Because of its influence on primitive erythroid cell differentiation and survival, p53 is an important determinant of erythropoiesis. However, the impact of p53 on the fate of erythrocytes, cells lacking nucleus and mitochondria, during their post-maturation phase in the circulation remained elusive. Erythrocyte survival may be compromised by suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is hallmarked by phosphatidylserine translocation and stimulated by increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Here, we comparatively examined erythrocyte homeostasis in p53-mutant mice (Trp53tm1Tyj/J) and in corresponding WT mice (C57BL/6J) by analyzing eryptosis and erythropoiesis. To this end, spontaneous cell membrane phosphatidylserine exposure and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were higher in erythrocytes drawn from Trp53tm1Tyj/J mice than from WT mice. Eryptosis induced by glucose deprivation, a pathophysiological cell stressor, was slightly, but significantly more prominent in erythrocytes drawn from Trp53tm1Tyj/J mice as compared to WT mice. The loss of erythrocytes by eryptosis was fully compensated by enhanced erythropoiesis in Trp53tm1Tyj/J mice, as reflected by increased reticulocytosis and abundance of erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow. Accordingly, erythrocyte number, packed cell volume and hemoglobin were similar in Trp53tm1Tyj/J and WT mice. Taken together, functional p53 deficiency enhances the turnover of circulating erythrocytes by parallel increase of eryptosis and stimulated compensatory erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute for Women's Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hajar Fakhri
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja T Umbach
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. .,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Kempe-Teufel DS, Bissinger R, Qadri SM, Wagner R, Peter A, Lang F. Cellular markers of eryptosis are altered in type 2 diabetes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:e177-e180. [PMID: 29397023 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Kempe-Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Physiologisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Cao H, Qadri SM, Lang E, Pelzl L, Umbach AT, Leiss V, Birnbaumer L, Nürnberg B, Pieske B, Voelkl J, Gawaz M, Bissinger R, Lang F. Heterotrimeric G-protein subunit Gα i2 contributes to agonist-sensitive apoptosis and degranulation in murine platelets. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13841. [PMID: 30187671 PMCID: PMC6125243 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gαi2 , a heterotrimeric G-protein subunit, regulates various cell functions including ion channel activity, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Platelet-expressed Gαi2 is decisive for the extent of tissue injury following ischemia/reperfusion. However, it is not known whether Gαi2 plays a role in the regulation of platelet apoptosis, which is characterized by caspase activation, cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation to the platelet surface. Stimulators of platelet apoptosis include thrombin and collagen-related peptide (CoRP), which are further known to enhance degranulation and activation of αIIb β3-integrin and caspases. Using FACS analysis, we examined the impact of agonist treatment on activation and apoptosis in platelets drawn from mice lacking Gαi2 and their wild-type (WT) littermates. As a result, treatment with either thrombin (0.01 U/mL) or CoRP (2 μg/mL or 5 μg/mL) significantly upregulated PS-exposure and significantly decreased forward scatter, reflecting cell size, in both genotypes. Exposure to CoRP triggered a significant increase in active caspase 3, ceramide formation, surface P-selectin, and αIIb β3-integrin activation. These molecular alterations were significantly less pronounced in Gαi2 -deficient platelets as compared to WT platelets. In conclusion, our data highlight a previously unreported role of Gαi2 signaling in governing platelet activation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical PhysiologyEberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Syed M. Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Centre for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine IIHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical PhysiologyEberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Anja T. Umbach
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical PhysiologyEberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapyInterfaculty Center of Pharmacology and Drug Research (ICePhA)Eberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthDurhamNorth Carolina
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED)Catholic University of ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapyInterfaculty Center of Pharmacology and Drug Research (ICePhA)Eberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and German Heart InstituteBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner siteBerlinGermany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and German Heart InstituteBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner siteBerlinGermany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIEberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIEberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical PhysiologyEberhard‐Karls UniversityTübingenGermany
- Department of Molecular Medicine IIHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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13
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Bissinger R, Bhuyan AAM, Qadri SM, Lang F. Oxidative stress, eryptosis and anemia: a pivotal mechanistic nexus in systemic diseases. FEBS J 2018; 286:826-854. [PMID: 30028073 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The average lifespan of circulating erythrocytes usually exceeds hundred days. Prior to that, however, erythrocytes may be exposed to oxidative stress in the circulation which could cause injury and trigger their suicidal death or eryptosis. Oxidative stress activates Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channels in the cell membrane, thus, stimulating Ca2+ entry and subsequent cell membrane scrambling resulting in phosphatidylserine exposure and activation of Ca2+ -sensitive K+ channels leading to K+ exit, hyperpolarization, Cl- exit, and ultimately cell shrinkage due to loss of KCl and osmotically driven water. While the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and anemia remains ill-defined, several diseases such as diabetes, hepatic failure, malignancy, chronic kidney disease and inflammation have been identified to display both increased oxidative stress as well as eryptosis. Recent compelling evidence suggests that oxidative stress is an important perpetrator in accelerating erythrocyte loss in different systemic conditions and an underlying mechanism for anemia associated with these pathological states. In the present review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in reducing erythrocyte survival and provide novel insights into the possible use of antioxidants as putative antieryptotic and antianemic agents in a variety of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative & Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Cao H, Umbach AT, Bissinger R, Gawaz M, Lang F. Inhibition of Collagen Related Peptide Induced Platelet Activation and Apoptosis by Ceritinib. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 45:1707-1716. [PMID: 29490295 DOI: 10.1159/000487778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The anaplastic lymphoma (tyrosine) kinase (ALK) inhibitor ceritinib triggers apoptosis of tumor cells and eryptosis of erythrocytes. Blood platelets may similarly enter a state resembling apoptosis, which could be triggered by activation with collagen related peptide (CRP). CRP-induced platelet apoptosis is characterized by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure to the platelet surface and cell shrinkage, preceded by externalization of Ca2+ channel Orai1, increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase activation. The present study explored whether ceritinib triggers platelet apoptosis and/or modifies the CRP induced apoptosis. METHODS Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to ceritinib (1.5 µg/ml) without or with 2.5 - 15 min pretreatment with CRP (2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to estimate cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, ROS abundance from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, caspase activity utilizing an Active Caspase-3 Staining kit, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, platelet volume from forward scatter and aggregation utilizing staining with CD9-APC and CD9-PE. RESULTS In the absence of CRP, ceritinib slightly, but significantly decreased [Ca2+]i without significantly modifying the other measured parameters. CRP significantly increased [Ca2+]i, ROS abundance, P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, caspase activity as well as aggregation and decreased cell volume, all effects significantly blunted in the presence of ceritinib. CONCLUSIONS The present observations uncover a novel, unexpected effect of ceritinib, i.e. inhibition of CRP-induced platelet activation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja T Umbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Bissinger R, Schumacher C, Qadri SM, Honisch S, Malik A, Götz F, Kopp HG, Lang F. Enhanced eryptosis contributes to anemia in lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14002-14. [PMID: 26872376 PMCID: PMC4924694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anemia is a common complication of malignancy, which could result from either compromised erythropoiesis or decreased lifespan of circulating erythrocytes. Premature suicidal erythrocyte death, characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, decreases erythrocyte lifespan and could thus cause anemia. Here, we explored whether accelerated eryptosis participates in the pathophysiology of anemia associated with lung cancer (LC) and its treatment. Methods Erythrocytes were drawn from healthy volunteers and LC patients with and without cytostatic treatment. PS exposure (annexin V-binding), cell volume (forward scatter), cytosolic Ca2+ (Fluo3 fluorescence), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (DCFDA fluorescence) and ceramide formation (anti-ceramide antibody) were determined by flow cytometry. Results Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were significantly lower in LC patients as compared to healthy controls, even though reticulocyte number was higher in LC (3.0±0.6%) than in controls (1.4±0.2%). The percentage of PS-exposing erythrocytes was significantly higher in LC patients with (1.4±0.1%) and without (1.2±0.3%) cytostatic treatment as compared to healthy controls (0.6±0.1%). Erythrocyte ROS production and ceramide abundance, but not Fluo3 fluorescence, were significantly higher in freshly drawn erythrocytes from LC patients than in freshly drawn erythrocytes from healthy controls. PS exposure of erythrocytes drawn from healthy volunteers was significantly more pronounced following incubation in plasma from LC patients than following incubation in plasma from healthy controls. Conclusion Anemia in LC patients with and without cytostatic treatment is paralleled by increased eryptosis, which is triggered, at least in part, by increased oxidative stress and ceramide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carla Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sabina Honisch
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abaid Malik
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Department of Microbial Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Cao H, Bhuyan AAM, Umbach AT, Bissinger R, Gawaz M, Lang F. Inhibitory Effect of Afatinib on Platelet Activation and Apoptosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:2264-2276. [PMID: 29073606 DOI: 10.1159/000484377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib is used for the treatment of several malignancies. Afatinib is at least partially effective by triggering apoptosis of tumor cells. Platelets may similarly undergo apoptosis, which is characterized by caspase 3 activation, cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine translocation. However, an effect of afatinib on platelets has never been reported. The present study explored whether treatment of platelets with afatinib modifies platelet activation and apoptosis in the absence and presence of platelet activators thrombin or collagen related peptide (CRP). METHODS Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to afatinib (18 µg/ml) without or with subsequent treatment with thrombin (0.005 U/ml or 0.01 U/ml) or CRP (2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to estimate Orai1 abundance at the platelet surface with specific antibodies, cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, caspase activity utilizing an Active Caspase-3 Staining kit, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, platelet volume from forward scatter and aggregation utilizing staining with CD9-APC and CD9-PE. RESULTS In the absence of thrombin and CRP, the administration of afatinib (18 µg/ml) slightly, but significantly, increased [Ca2+]i and annexin-V-binding, but did not significantly modify Orai1 abundance, P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, cell volume, caspase activity and aggregation. Exposure of platelets to 0.005 U/ml or 0.01 U/ml thrombin or 2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ ml CRP was followed by a significant increase of Orai1 abundance, increase of [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, αIIbβ3 integrin activity, annexin-V-binding, caspase activity, and aggregation, as well as a significant decrease of forward scatter, all effects significantly blunted (thrombin) or virtually abolished (CRP) by afatinib. CONCLUSIONS Afatinib is a powerful inhibitor of platelet activation, platelet apoptosis and platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Anja T Umbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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17
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Lang F, Bissinger R, Abed M, Artunc F. Eryptosis - the Neglected Cause of Anemia in End Stage Renal Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:749-760. [PMID: 29151105 DOI: 10.1159/000484215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
End stage renal disease (ESRD) invariably leads to anemia which has been mainly attributed to compromised release of erythropoietin from the defective kidneys with subsequent impairment of erythropoiesis. However, erythropoietin replacement only partially reverses anemia pointing to the involvement of additional mechanisms. As shown more recently, anemia of ESRD is indeed in large part a result of accelerated erythrocyte loss due to suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the cell surface. Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes are bound to and engulfed by macrophages and are thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. If the loss of erythrocytes cannot be fully compensated by enhanced erythropoiesis, stimulation of eryptosis leads to anemia. Eryptotic erythrocytes may further adhere to the vascular wall and thus impair microcirculation. Stimulators of eryptosis include complement, hyperosmotic shock, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and a wide variety of xenobiotics. Signaling involved in the stimulation of eryptosis includes increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity, ceramide, caspases, calpain, p38 kinase, protein kinase C, Janus-activated kinase 3, casein kinase 1α, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Eryptosis is inhibited by AMP-activated kinase, p21-activated kinase 2, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2, and some illdefined tyrosine kinases. In ESRD eryptosis is stimulated at least in part by a plasma component, as it is triggered by exposure of erythrocytes from healthy individuals to plasma from ESRD patients. Several eryptosis-stimulating uremic toxins have been identified, such as vanadate, acrolein, methylglyoxal, indoxyl sulfate, indole-3-acetic acid and phosphate. Attempts to fully reverse anemia in ESRD with excessive stimulation of erythropoiesis enhances the number of circulating suicidal erythrocytes and bears the risk of interference with micocirculation, At least in theory, anemia in ESRD could preferably be treated with replacement of erythropoietin and additional inhibition of eryptosis thus avoiding eryptosis-induced impairment of microcirculation. A variety of eryptosis inhibitors have been identified, their efficacy in ESRD remains, however, to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Majed Abed
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Bhuyan A, Bissinger R, Cao H, Lang F. Inhibition of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling by ASP3026. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:507-517. [DOI: 10.1159/000480477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor ASP3026 is in clinical development for the treatment of ALK expressing non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). ASP3026 is in part effective by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria and nuclei, key organelles in the execution of apoptosis, but are nevertheless able to enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the cell surface and by cell shrinkage. Eryptosis is triggered by cell stress, such as energy depletion, hyperosmotic shock, oxidative stress and excessive increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). The present study explored, whether ASP3026 impacts on eryptosis. Methods: Human erythrocytes have been exposed to energy depletion (glucose withdrawal for 48 hours), oxidative stress (addition of 0.3 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide [tBOOH] for 50 min) or Ca2+ loading with Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 µM for 60 min) in absence and presence of ASP3026 (1-4 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, and cell volume from forward scatter. Results: Treatment with ASP3026 alone did not significantly modify annexin-V-binding or forward scatter. Energy depletion, oxidative stress and ionomycin, all markedly and significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding erythrocytes, and decreased the forward scatter. ASP3026 significantly blunted the effect of energy depletion and oxidative stress, but not of ionomycin on annexin-V-binding. ASP3026 did not significantly influence the effect of any maneuver on forward scatter. Conclusions: ASP3026 is a novel inhibitor of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling following energy depletion and oxidative stress.
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Jemaà M, Fezai M, Bissinger R, Lang F. Methods Employed in Cytofluorometric Assessment of Eryptosis, the Suicidal Erythrocyte Death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:431-444. [DOI: 10.1159/000480469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis contributes to or even accounts for anemia in a wide variety of clinical conditions, such as iron deficiency, dehydration, hyperphosphatemia, vitamin D excess, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hemolytic-uremic syndrome, diabetes, hepatic failure, malignancy, arteriitis, sepsis, fever, malaria, sickle-cell disease, beta-thalassemia, Hb-C and G6PD-deficiency, Wilsons disease, as well as advanced age. Moreover, eryptosis is triggered by a myriad of xenobiotics and endogenous substances including cytotoxic drugs and uremic toxins. Eryptosis is characterized by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include oxidative stress, hyperosmotic shock, and energy depletion. Signalling involved in the regulation of eryptosis includes Ca2+ entry, ceramide, caspases, calpain, p38 kinase, protein kinase C, Janus-activated kinase 3, casein kinase 1α, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, AMP-activated kinase, p21-activated kinase 2, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2, and ill-defined tyrosine kinases. Inhibitors of eryptosis may prevent anaemia in clinical conditions associated with enhanced eryptosis and stimulators of eryptosis may favourably influence the clinical course of malaria. Additional experimentation is required to uncover further clinical conditions with enhanced eryptosis, as well as further signalling pathways, further stimulators, and further inhibitors of eryptosis. Thus, a detailed description of the methods employed in the analysis of eryptosis may help those, who enter this exciting research area. The present synopsis describes the experimental procedures required for the analysis of phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface with annexin-V, cell volume with forward scatter, cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) with Fluo3, oxidative stress with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofuorescein diacetate (DCFDA), glutathione (GSH) with mercury orange 1(4-chloromercuryphenyl-azo-2-naphthol), lipid peroxidation with BODIPY 581/591 C11 fluorescence, and ceramide abundance with specific antibodies. The contribution of kinases and caspases is defined with the use of the respective inhibitors. It is hoped that the present detailed description of materials and methods required for the analysis of eryptosis encourages further scientists to enter this highly relevant research area.
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Pelzl L, Elsir B, Sahu I, Bissinger R, Singh Y, Sukkar B, Honisch S, Schoels L, Jemaà M, Lang E, Storch A, Hermann A, Stournaras C, Lang F. Lithium Sensitivity of Store Operated Ca2+ Entry and Survival of Fibroblasts Isolated from Chorea-Acanthocytosis Patients. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:2066-2077. [PMID: 28803243 DOI: 10.1159/000479901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widely expressed protein chorein fosters activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway thus supporting cell survival. Loss of function mutations of the chorein encoding gene VPS13A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A) causes chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a neurodegenerative disorder paralleled by deformations of erythrocytes. In mice, genetic knockout of chorein leads to enhanced neuronal apoptosis. PI3K dependent signalling upregulates Orai1, a pore forming channel protein accomplishing store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Increased Orai1 expression and SOCE have been shown to confer survival of tumor cells. SOCE could be up-regulated by lithium. The present study explored, whether SOCE and/or apoptosis are altered in ChAc fibroblasts and could be modified by lithium treatment. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from ChAc patients and age-matched healthy volunteers. Cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) was estimated from Fura-2-fluorescence, SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following Ca2+ re-addition after Ca2+-store depletion with sarcoendoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin (1 µM), and apoptosis from annexin-V/propidium iodide staining quantified in flow cytometry. RESULTS SOCE was significantly smaller in ChAc fibroblasts than in control fibroblasts. Lithium (2 mM, 24 hours) significantly increased and Orai1 blocker 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate (2-APB, 50 µM, 24 hours) significantly decreased SOCE. Annexin-V-binding and propidium iodide staining were significantly higher in ChAc fibroblasts than in control fibroblasts. In ChAc fibroblasts annexin-V-binding and propidium iodide staining were significantly decreased by lithium treatment, significantly increased by 2-APB and virtually lithium insensitive in the presence of 2-APB. CONCLUSIONS In ChAc fibroblasts, downregulation of SOCE contributes to enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis. Both, decreased SOCE and enhanced apoptosis of ChAc fibroblasts can be reversed by lithium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ludger Schoels
- Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Jemaà
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Physiology I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Ghashghaeinia M, Wesseling M, Ramos E, Petkova-Kirova P, Waibel S, Lang E, Bissinger R, Alzoubi K, Edelmann B, Hosseinzadeh Z, Dreischer P, Shahvaroughi-Farahani A, Mrowietz U, Köberle M, Kaestner L, Bernhardt I, Martínez-Ruiz A, Wieder T, Lang F. Trifluoperazine-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death and S-Nitrosylation Inhibition, Reversed by the Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:1985-1998. [DOI: 10.1159/000479838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The high potency antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine (10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-propyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)-(10)H-phenothiazine dihydrochloride; TFP) may either counteract or promote suicidal cell death or apoptosis. Similar to apoptosis, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis can be stimulated by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inhibited by nitric oxide (NO). We explored whether TFP treatment of erythrocytes induces phosphatidylserine exposure, cell shrinkage, and calcium influx, whether it impairs S-nitrosylation and whether these effects are inhibited by NO. Methods: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, and protein nitrosylation from fluorescence switch of the Bodipy-TMR/Sypro Ruby signal. Results: Exposure of human erythrocytes to TFP significantly enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, raised [Ca2+]i, and decreased S-nitrosylation. The effect of TFP on annexin-V-binding was not affected by removal of extracellular Ca2+ alone, but was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an effect significantly augmented by additional removal of extracellular Ca2+. A 3 hours treatment with 0.1 µM Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin triggered annexin-V-binding and cell shrinkage, effects fully reversed by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Conclusions: TFP induces eryptosis and decreases protein S-nitrosylation, effects blunted by nitroprusside. The effect of nitroprusside is attenuated in the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
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Cao H, Bissinger R, Umbach AT, Gawaz M, Lang F. Temsirolimus Sensitive Stimulation of Platelet Activity, Apoptosis and Aggregation by Collagen Related Peptide. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:1252-1263. [PMID: 28693022 DOI: 10.1159/000478954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus stimulates apoptosis of tumor cells and is thus therapeutically used for the treatment of diverse malignancies. On the other hand, temsirolimus has been shown to protect against apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Similar to nucleated cells, blood platelets may enter suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling. Platelet apoptosis is frequently preceded by Ca2+ entry, degranulation, integrin activation and stimulation of caspases. Those events could be triggered by collagen related peptide (CRP). The present study explored whether treatment of platelets with temsirolimus modifies platelet activation, caspase activity, platelet shrinkage, and phosphatidylserine abundance. METHODS Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to temsirolimus (40 µg/ml) without or with additional CRP (2 µg/ ml or 5 µg/ml) treatment. Flow cytometry was employed to estimate cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fuorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, caspase activity utilizing an Active Caspase-3 Staining kit, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding and relative platelet volume from forward scatter. RESULTS In the absence of CRP, the administration of temsirolimus (40 µg/ml) significantly decreased [Ca2+]i, but did not significantly modify P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, cell volume, caspase activity and aggregation. Exposure of platelets to CRP was followed by significant increase of [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, αIIbβ3 integrin activity, annexin-V-binding, ROS, caspase activity and aggregation, effects significantly blunted in the presence of temsirolimus. CRP further decreased forward scatter, an effect again significantly blunted by temsirolimus. CONCLUSIONS Temsirolimus is a powerful inhibitor of platelet activation and suicidal platelet death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
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23
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Pelzl L, Hosseinzadeh Z, al-Maghout T, Singh Y, Sahu I, Bissinger R, Schmidt S, Alkahtani S, Stournaras C, Toulany M, Lang F. Role of Na+/Ca2+ Exchangers in Therapy Resistance of Medulloblastoma Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:1240-1251. [DOI: 10.1159/000478953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Alterations of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) are decisive in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival. Transport processes participating in the regulation of [Ca2+]i include Ca2+ extrusion through K+-independent (NCX) and/or K+-dependent (NCKX) Na+/Ca2+-exchangers. The present study thus explored whether medulloblastoma cells express Na+/Ca2+-exchangers, whether expression differs between therapy sensitive D283 and therapy resistant UW228-3 medulloblastoma cells, and whether Na+/Ca2+-exchangers participate in the regulation of cell survival. Methods: In therapy sensitive D283 and therapy resistant UW228-3 medulloblastoma cells transcript levels were estimated by RT-PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting, cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fura-2-fluorescence, Na+/ Ca2+-exchanger activity from the increase of [Ca2+]i (Δ[Ca2+]i) and from whole cell current (Ica) following abrupt replacement of Na+ containing (130 mM) and Ca2+ free by Na+ free and Ca2+ containing (2 mM) extracellular perfusate as well as cell death from PI -staining and annexin-V binding in flow cytometry. Results: The transcript levels of NCX3, NCKX2, and NCKX5, protein abundance of NCX3, slope and peak of Δ[Ca2+]i as well as Ica were significantly lower in therapy sensitive D283 than in therapy resistant UW228-3 medulloblastoma cells. The Na+/Ca2+-exchanger inhibitor KB-R7943 (10 µM) significantly blunted Δ[Ca2+]i, and augmented the ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis but did not significantly modify clonogenicity of medulloblastoma cells. Apoptosis was further enhanced by NCX3 silencing. Conclusions: Na+/Ca2+-exchanger activity significantly counteracts apoptosis but does not significantly affect clonogenicity after radiation of medulloblastoma cells.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The retinoid X receptor (RXRs) stimulator Bexarotene ((4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl] benzoic acid) is used for the treatment of several malignancies. Bexarotene is at least in part effective by stimulation of apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, Bexarotene triggers eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes. Similar to erythrocytes, blood platelets lack nuclei but are nevertheless able to enter an apoptosis-like phenotype, characterized by caspase activation, cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phospha-tidylserine translocation to the cell surface. Platelet apoptosis is triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), which further leads to degranulation and integrin activation. Platelet activation and apoptosis could be elicited by thrombin or collagen related peptide (CRP). The present study explored whether treatment of platelets with bexarotene modifies platelet activation and apoptosis following exposure to thrombin or CRP. METHODS Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to bexarotene (6 µg/ml) without or with an additional treatment with thrombin (0.01 U/ml) or CRP (2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to estimate cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, caspase activity utilizing an Active Caspase-3 Staining kit, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, and relative platelet volume from forward scatter. RESULTS In the absence of thrombin or CRP, the administration of bexarotene slightly but significantly increased [Ca2+]i, but did not significantly modify P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, cell volume, or caspase activity. Exposure of platelets to thrombin or CRP was followed by significant increase of [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, active αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, and caspase activity. The effects of thrombin on [Ca2+]i, annexin-V-binding, cell volume, and caspase activity as well as the effects of CRP on [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, cell volume, and caspase activity were significantly augmented in the presence of bexarotene. CONCLUSIONS Bexarotene sensitizes blood platelets for thrombin and/or CRP induced activation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Anja T Umbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Qadri SM, Lang F. Suicidal death of erythrocytes in cancer and its chemotherapy: A potential target in the treatment of tumor-associated anemia. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1522-1528. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II; Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Syed M. Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Qadri SM, Bissinger R, Solh Z, Oldenborg PA. Eryptosis in health and disease: A paradigm shift towards understanding the (patho)physiological implications of programmed cell death of erythrocytes. Blood Rev 2017; 31:349-361. [PMID: 28669393 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the course of their natural ageing and upon injury, anucleate erythrocytes can undergo an unconventional apoptosis-like cell death, termed eryptosis. Eryptotic erythrocytes display a plethora of morphological alterations including volume reduction, membrane blebbing and breakdown of the membrane phospholipid asymmetry resulting in phosphatidylserine externalization which, in turn, mediates their phagocytic recognition and clearance from the circulation. Overall, the eryptosis machinery is tightly orchestrated by a wide array of endogenous mediators, ion channels, membrane receptors, and a host of intracellular signaling proteins. Enhanced eryptosis shortens the lifespan of circulating erythrocytes and confers a procoagulant phenotype; this phenomenon has been tangibly implicated in the pathogenesis of anemia, deranged microcirculation, and increased prothrombotic risk associated with a multitude of clinical conditions. Herein, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms dictating eryptosis and erythrophagocytosis and critically analyzed the current evidence leading to the pathophysiological ramifications of eryptotic cell death in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziad Solh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Medical Services and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Per-Arne Oldenborg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Bissinger R, Cao H, Lang F. Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Exemestane. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:1-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000477224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The steroidal aromatase inactivator exemestane blocks estrogen biosynthesis and is thus employed for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Exemestane is in part effective by stimulation of suicidal cell death or apoptosis. Side effects of exemestane treatment include anemia. At least in theory, exemestane induced anemia could be secondary to stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in the stimulation of eryptosis includes increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, several kinases and caspases. The present study explored, whether exemestane is able to trigger eryptosis and, if so, to shed some light on the signaling involved. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from DCF fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to exemestane (≥ 10 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells without significantly modifying forward scatter. Exemestane significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence (10 and 20, but not 40 µg/ml), DCF fluorescence (40 µg/ml), and ceramide abundance (40 µg/ml). The effect of exemestane (40 µg/ml) on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (1mM), but was not significantly modified by removal or increase of extracellular Ca2+, by p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM), casein kinase inhibitor D4476 (10 µM) and caspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Exemestane triggers phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect paralleled by enhanced [Ca2+]i, oxidative stress, and increased ceramide abundance.
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Cao H, Bissinger R, Umbach AT, Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Lang F, Gawaz M. Effects of Antimalarial Tafenoquine on Blood Platelet Activity and Survival. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:369-380. [PMID: 28214869 DOI: 10.1159/000456319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The 8-aminoquinoline tafenoquine has been shown to be effective against Plasmodia, Leishmania and Trypanosoma. The substance is at least in part effective by triggering apoptosis of the parasites. Moreover, tafenoquine has been shown to trigger eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. The effect of tafenoquine on eryptosis is in part due to stimulation of Ca2+ entry and oxidative stress. Ca2+ entry is a critical event in the activation of blood platelets by thrombin and collagen related peptide (CRP). The present study explored, whether tafenoquine influences Ca2+ entry, activation and apoptosis of blood platelets. METHODS Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to tafenoquine (2.5 µg/ml) without or with an additional treatment with thrombin (0.01 U/ml) or CRP (2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to estimate cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, relative platelet volume from forward scatter, reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCF fluorescence, caspase 3 activity with an active caspase-3 Staining kit, and aggregation utilizing staining with CD9-APC and CD9-PE. RESULTS Both, thrombin (0.01 U/ml) and CRP (2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml), significantly increased [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, active αIIbβ3 integrin, and annexin-V-binding, and both significantly decreased platelet volume, activated caspase 3 and stimulated aggregation. Administration of tafenoquine (2.5 µg/ml, 30 min) significantly decreased [Ca2+]i both, in the absence and presence of thrombin and CRP. Tafenoquine significantly blunted the effect of thrombin and CRP on [Ca2+]i, P-selectin abundance, and active αIIbβ3 integrin, but significantly increased ROS and annexin-V-binding, significantly augmented the effect of thrombin on caspase 3 activity and platelet volume and significantly enhanced platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Tafenoquine counteracts thrombin and CRP induced increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity and platelet activation, but enhances platelet apoptosis and platelet aggregation.
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Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Nguyen MT, Bissinger R, Götz F, Lang F. Lipopeptide-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death Correlates with the Degree of Acylation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:296-309. [PMID: 28214849 DOI: 10.1159/000456147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Consequences of bacterial infection include anemia, which could result from stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Bacterial components known to stimulate eryptosis include lipopeptides. Signaling mediating the triggering of eryptosis include increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]<Sub>i</Sub>), oxidative stress and cellular accumulation of ceramide. The present study aimed to define the molecular requirements for lipopeptide-induced cell membrane scrambling. METHODS Human erythrocytes were incubated for 48 hours in the absence and presence of 1 or 5 µg/ml of the synthetic lipopeptides Pam1 (lipopeptide with one fatty acid), Pam2 (lipopeptide with two fatty acids), or Pam3 (lipopeptide with three fatty acids). In the following phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]<Sub>i</Sub> from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCF dependent fuorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. RESULTS Pam1 (5 µg/ml), Pam2 (5 µg/ml) and Pam3 (1 and 5 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding to erythrocytes in a dose dependent manner, which was largely independent of Ca2+. Pam1-3 increased the percentage of both, swollen and shrunken erythrocytes without significantly modifying the average forward scatter. They also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ceramide abundance. In all assays the effect on eryptosis increased with increasing number of fatty acids, with Pam3 showing always the strongest effect. In contrast, a comparison of the effect of Pam1-3 on TLR2 dependent immune stimulation showed that not Pam3 but Pam2 displayed the strongest activity, and that immune stimulation was triggered at much lower concentrations than eryptosis. CONCLUSIONS Lipopeptides are not only important activators of the immune system; at higher concentrations they also drive host cells into apoptosis thus aggravating a bacterial infection.
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Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Bissinger R, Cao H, Lang F. Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Bexarotene. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 40:1239-1251. [DOI: 10.1159/000453178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene is utilized for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and is effective in several further malignancies. The substance counteracts tumor growth in part by triggering suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Side effects of bexarotene treatment include anemia. Theoretically, bexarotene induced anemia could be secondary to stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling potentially stimulating eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), induction of oxidative stress, increase of ceramide abundance, as well as activation of staurosporine sensitive protein kinase C, SB203580 sensitive p38 kinase, D4476 sensitive casein kinase 1, and zVAD sensitive caspases. The present study explored, whether bexarotene induces eryptosis and, if so, whether its effect involves Ca2+ entry, oxidative stress, ceramide, kinases and/or caspases. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was estimated from hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to bexarotene (≥ 0.4 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells without significantly modifying forward scatter. Bexarotene significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence and DCFDA fluorescence. Bexarotene tended to increase ceramide abundance, an effect, however, not reaching statistical significance. The effect of bexarotene on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and by addition of D4476 (10 µM), but not by addition of staurosporine (1 µM), SB203580 (2 µM), or zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Bexarotene triggers phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to Ca2+ entry, oxidative stress, and activation of D4476 sensitive casein kinase.
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Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Signoretto E, Bissinger R, Lang F. Stimulation of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Ceritinib-Treatment of Human Erythrocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 40:1129-1140. [DOI: 10.1159/000453167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor ceritinib is utilized for the treatment of ALK positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. Side effects of the drug include decrease of blood hemoglobin concentration. Possible causes of anemia include stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling of eryptosis includes increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, staurosporine sensitive protein kinase C, SB203580 sensitive p38 kinase, D4476 sensitive casein kinase 1, and zVAD sensitive caspases. The present study explored, whether ceritinib induces eryptosis and, if so, to shed light on the cellular mechanisms involved. Methods: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to ceritinib (1 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter, significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, but did not significantly modify DCFDA fluorescence or ceramide abundance. The effect of ceritinib on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+, by the kinase inhibitors staurosporine (1 µM), SB203580 (2 µM) and D4476 (10 µM), as well as by caspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Ceritinib triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to Ca2+ entry, as well as activation of kinases and Caspases.
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Bissinger R, Artunc F, Qadri SM, Lang F. Reduced Erythrocyte Survival in Uremic Patients Under Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2016; 41:966-977. [DOI: 10.1159/000452600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Bissinger R, Stockinger K, Lang F. Stimulation of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Tafenoquine. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:2464-2476. [PMID: 27855400 DOI: 10.1159/000452514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The 8-aminoquinoline tafenoquine has been shown to be effective against Plasmodia, Leishmania and Trypanosoma. The substance is at least in part effective by triggering apoptosis of the parasites. Similar to apoptosis, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in the regulation of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, zVAD sensitive caspases, SB203580 sensitive p38 kinase, staurosporine sensitive protein kinase C as well as D4476 sensitive casein kinase. The present study explored, whether tafenoquine induces eryptosis and aimed to possibly identify cellular mechanisms involved. METHODS Flow cytometry was employed to estimate phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to tafenoquine (500 ng/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter, significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, and significantly increased DCFDA fluorescence. Tafenoquine did not significantly modify ceramide abundance. The effect of tafenoquine on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. The effect of tafenoquine on annexin-V-binding was not significantly blunted by zVAD (10 µM), SB203580 (2 µM) or staurosporine (1 µM). The effect of tafenoquine on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted but not abolished by D4476 (10 µM). CONCLUSIONS Tafenoquine triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to stimulation of Ca2+ entry, oxidative stress and possibly activation of casein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Zierle J, Bissinger R, Lang F. Inhibition by Teriflunomide of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling Following Energy Depletion, Oxidative Stress and Ionomycin. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:1877-1890. [DOI: 10.1159/000447886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Teriflunomide, an inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis and thus proliferation of activated T and B lymphocytes, is successfully used for treatment of inflammatory disease. Teriflunomide has further been shown to trigger apoptosis of tumor cells and has thus been considered for the treatment of malignancy. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane with translocation of phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of cell membrane scrambling include energy depletion, oxidative stress and increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). The present study explored whether teriflunomide modifies eryptosis. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to estimate phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, and [Ca2+]i from Fluo3 fluorescence. Results: Oxidative stress (60 min exposure to 0.3 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide), energy depletion (removal of glucose for 48 hours), and exposure to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 µM, 60 min) all increased annexin-V-binding, decreased forward scatter and enhanced Fluo3 fluorescence. Teriflunomide (5 µg/ml) did not significantly influence Fluo3 fluorescence, forward scatter and annexin-V-binding under control conditions but significantly blunted the increase of annexin-V-binding following oxidative stress, energy depletion and ionomycin exposure. Teriflunomide further blunted the increase of Fluo3 fluorescence following energy depletion, but did not significantly interfere with increase of Fluo3 fluorescence following oxidative stress and ionomycin exposure. Conclusion: Teriflunomide is a novel inhibitor of suicidal erythrocyte death.
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Zhang S, Al-Maghout T, Zhou Y, Bissinger R, Abousaab A, Salker MS, Pelzl L, Cobb BS, Cheng A, Singh Y, Lang F. Role of Dicer Enzyme in the Regulation of Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) in CD4+ T Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:1360-8. [PMID: 27607422 DOI: 10.1159/000447840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Activation of T cell receptors (TCRs) in CD4+ T cells leads to a cascade of signalling reactions including increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels with subsequent Ca2+ dependent stimulation of gene expression, proliferation, cell motility and cytokine release. The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ results from intracellular Ca2+ release with subsequent activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Previous studies suggested miRNAs are required for the development and functions of CD4+ T cells. An enzyme called Dicer is required during the process of manufacturing mature miRNAs from the precursor miRNAs. In this study, we explored whether loss of Dicer in CD4+ T cells affects SOCE and thus Ca2+ dependent regulation of cellular functions. METHODS We tested the expression of Orai1 by q-RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Further, we measured SOCE by an inverted phase-contrast microscope with the Incident-light fluorescence illumination system using Fura-2. Intracellular Ca2+ was also measured by flow cytometry using Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-4. RESULTS We found that in Dicer deficient (DicerΔ/Δ) mice Orai1 was downregulated at mRNA and protein level in CD4+ T cells. Further, SOCE was significantly smaller in DicerΔ/Δ CD4+ T cells than in CD4+ T cells isolated from wild-type (Dicerfl/fl) mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miRNAs are required for adequate Ca2+ entry into CD4+ T cells and thus triggering of Ca2+ sensitive immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu city, China
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Bissinger R, Kempe-Teufel DS, Honisch S, Qadri SM, Randrianarisoa E, Häring HU, Henes J, Lang F. Stimulated Suicidal Erythrocyte Death in Arteritis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:1068-77. [DOI: 10.1159/000447814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Arteritis is an inflammatory disease of the vascular wall leading to ischemia and vascular occlusion. Complications of arteritis include anemia, which could, at least in theory, result from suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Cellular mechanisms involved in the stimulation of eryptosis include increased cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress and ceramide formation. The present study explored whether and how arteritis influences eryptosis. Methods: Blood was drawn from patients suffering from arteritis (n=17) and from healthy volunteers (n=21). PS exposure was estimated from annexin V-binding, erythrocyte volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCFDA fluorescence and ceramide abundance from FITC-conjugated antibody binding in flow cytometry. The patients suffered from anemia despite 2.8±0.4% reticulocytes. Results: The percentage of PS-exposing erythrocytes was significantly higher in patients (1.1±0.1%) than in healthy volunteers (0.3±0.1%). The increase in PS exposure was paralleled by increase in oxidative stress and [Ca2+]i but not by significant changes of ceramide abundance. Erythrocyte PS exposure and ROS production were significantly enhanced in erythrocytes exposed to patient plasma as compared to exposure to plasma from healthy volunteers. Conclusion: Arteritis is associated with enhanced eryptosis due to increased [Ca2+]i and oxidative stress. The eryptosis contributes to or even accounts for the anemia in those patients. As eryptotic erythrocytes adhere to endothelial cells of the vascular wall, they could impede microcirculation and thus contribute to vascular occlusion.
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Abstract
Background/Aims: The echinocandin antifungal agent caspofungin has been shown to trigger apoptosis of fungal cells. Beyond that, caspofungin is toxic for host mitochondria. Even though lacking mitochondria, erythrocytes may enter apoptosis-like suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in triggering of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, caspase activation and/or activation of p38 kinase, protein kinase C, and casein kinase. The present study explored, whether caspofungin induces eryptosis and, if so, to shed some light on the cellular mechanisms involved. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to determine phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was quantified from hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to caspofungin (≥ 30 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter, significantly enhanced hemolysis, but did not significantly increase Fluo3-fluorescence, DCFDA fluorescence or ceramide abundance. The effect of caspofungin on annexin-V-binding was not significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, by inhibition of caspases with pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM), or by addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (1 mM), p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM) or protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine (1 µM). The effect of caspofungin on annexin-V-binding was, however, significantly blunted in the presence of casein kinase inhibitor D4476 (10 µM). Conclusions: Caspofungin triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect possibly involving activation of casein kinase.
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Bissinger R, Lang E, Ghashghaeinia M, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Fehrenbacher B, Honisch S, Chen H, Fakhri H, Umbach AT, Liu G, Rexhepaj R, Liu G, Schaller M, Mack AF, Lupescu A, Birnbaumer L, Lang F, Qadri SM. Blunted apoptosis of erythrocytes in mice deficient in the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit Gαi2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30925. [PMID: 27499046 PMCID: PMC4976336 DOI: 10.1038/srep30925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Putative functions of the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit Gαi2-dependent signaling include ion channel regulation, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Erythrocytes may, similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, undergo eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Eryptosis may be triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity and ceramide. In the present study, we show that Gαi2 is expressed in both murine and human erythrocytes and further examined the survival of erythrocytes drawn from Gαi2-deficient mice (Gαi2−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (Gαi2+/+). Our data show that plasma erythropoietin levels, erythrocyte maturation markers, erythrocyte counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were similar in Gαi2−/− and Gαi2+/+ mice but the mean corpuscular volume was significantly larger in Gαi2−/− mice. Spontaneous PS exposure of circulating Gαi2−/− erythrocytes was significantly lower than that of circulating Gαi2+/+ erythrocytes. PS exposure was significantly lower in Gαi2−/− than in Gαi2+/+ erythrocytes following ex vivo exposure to hyperosmotic shock, bacterial sphingomyelinase or C6 ceramide. Erythrocyte Gαi2 deficiency further attenuated hyperosmotic shock-induced increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity and cell shrinkage. Moreover, Gαi2−/− erythrocytes were more resistant to osmosensitive hemolysis as compared to Gαi2+/+ erythrocytes. In conclusion, Gαi2 deficiency in erythrocytes confers partial protection against suicidal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabina Honisch
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hajar Fakhri
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja T Umbach
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Guilai Liu
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rexhep Rexhepaj
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Adrian Lupescu
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Signoretto E, Bissinger R, Lang F. Enhanced Eryptosis Following Exposure to Dolutegravir. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:639-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000445655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The viral integrase enzyme inhibitor dolutegravir is utilized for the treatment of immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Knowledge on cytotoxicity of dolutegravir is limited. The present study thus explored, whether dolutegravir is able to trigger suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Cellular mechanisms involved in the triggering of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, and activation of protein kinase C, p38 kinase, casein kinase, and caspases. The present study explored, whether Dolutegravir induces eryptosis and, if so, to gain insight into cellular mechanisms involved. Methods: Utilizing flow cytometry, phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was quantified from haemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to dolutegravir significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥ 4.8 µM), significantly increased hemolysis (19.1 µM), but did not significantly modify forward scatter. Dolutegravir significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence (≥ 4.8 µM), DCFDA fluorescence (19.1 µM) and ceramide abundance (19.1 µM). The effect of dolutegravir on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, but was not significantly modified by protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine (1 µM), p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM), casein kinase inhibitor D4476 (10 µM) or pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Dolutegravir triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to Ca2+ entry, ceramide formation and oxidative stress.
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Peter T, Bissinger R, Signoretto E, Mack AF, Lang F. Micafungin-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:584-95. [DOI: 10.1159/000445650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The antifungal drug Micafungin is used for the treatment of diverse fungal infections including candidiasis and aspergillosis. Side effects of Micafungin treatment include microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia with microvascular thrombosis. The development of thrombosis may be fostered by stimulation of eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, activated protein kinase C (PKC), casein kinase 1α or p38 kinase and activated caspases. The present study explored, whether Micafungin induces eryptosis. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to estimate phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was quantified by measuring haemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to Micafungin (10 - 25 µg/ml) significantly increased hemolysis and the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, and significantly decreased forward scatter. Micafungin (25 µg/ml) did not significantly modify Fluo3-fluorescence, DCFDA fluorescence, or ceramide abundance. The effect of Micafungin on annexin-V-binding was not significantly modified by removal of extracellular Ca2+, by PKC inhibitor staurosporine (1 µM), p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM), casein kinase 1α inhibitor D4476 (10 µM) or pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Micafungin triggers hemolysis and eryptosis with cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane.
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Ghashghaeinia M, Giustarini D, Koralkova P, Köberle M, Alzoubi K, Bissinger R, Hosseinzadeh Z, Dreischer P, Bernhardt I, Lang F, Toulany M, Wieder T, Mojzikova R, Rossi R, Mrowietz U. Pharmacological targeting of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human erythrocytes by Bay 11-7082, parthenolide and dimethyl fumarate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28754. [PMID: 27353740 PMCID: PMC4926109 DOI: 10.1038/srep28754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mature erythrocytes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) yield NADPH, a crucial cofactor of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) converting glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into its reduced state (GSH). GSH is essential for detoxification processes in and survival of erythrocytes. We explored whether the anti-inflammatory compounds Bay 11–7082, parthenolide and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) were able to completely deplete a common target (GSH), and to impair the function of upstream enzymes of GSH recycling and replenishment. Treatment of erythrocytes with Bay 11–7082, parthenolide or DMF led to concentration-dependent eryptosis resulting from complete depletion of GSH. GSH depletion was due to strong inhibition of G6PDH activity. Bay 11–7082 and DMF, but not parthenolide, were able to inhibit the GR activity. This approach “Inhibitors, Detection of their common target that is completely depleted or inactivated when pharmacologically relevant concentrations of each single inhibitor are applied, Subsequent functional analysis of upstream enzymes for this target” (IDS), can be applied to a broad range of inhibitors and cell types according to the selected target. The specific G6PDH inhibitory effect of these compounds may be exploited for the treatment of human diseases with high NADPH and GSH consumption rates, including malaria, trypanosomiasis, cancer or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Psoriasis-Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Pavla Koralkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Biedersteinerstr. 29, Technische Universität München, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Hosseinzadeh
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Frondsbergstr. 23, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dreischer
- Institute of Physiology II, Keplerstr. 15, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingolf Bernhardt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Roentgenweg 11, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Dermatology; Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renata Mojzikova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, Kiel, 24105, Germany
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Peter T, Bissinger R, Liu G, Lang F. Anidulafungin-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:2272-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000445582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The novel antifungal drug Anidulafungin is used for the treatment of diverse fungal infections including candidiasis and aspergillosis. The traditional antifungal drug amphotericin B has previously been shown to trigger eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, activated protein kinase C (PKC), casein kinase 1α or p38 kinase and activated caspases. Inhibitors of eryptosis include nitric oxide (NO). The present study explored, whether Anidulafungin induces eryptosis. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to estimate phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface utilizing specific antibodies. Hemolysis was quantified by measuring haemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to Anidulafungin (1.5 - 6 µg/ml) significantly increased hemolysis and the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, and significantly decreased forward scatter. Anidulafungin (6 µg/ml) slightly, but significantly inceased Fluo3-fluorescence and the effect of Anidulafungin on annexin-V-binding was slightly, but significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+. The effect of Anidulafungin on annexin-V-binding was further significantly blunted by the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM) and NO donor nitroprusside (1 µM). An increase of extracellular K+ concentration significantly blunted the effect of Anidulafungin on cell volume but not on annexin-V-binding. Anidulafungin rather decreased DCFDA fluorescence and the effect of Anidulafungin on annexin-V-binding was not significantly blunted by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (1 mM). Moreover, the effect of Anidulafungin on annexin-V-binding was not paralleled by significant increase of ceramide abundance and was not significantly blunted by PKC inhibitor staurosporine (1 µM), casein kinase 1α inhibitor D4476 (10 µM) or pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Anidulafungin triggers hemolysis and eryptosis with cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect in part due to Ca2+ entry and activation of p38 kinase.
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Bissinger R, Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Signoretto E, Lang F. Stimulating Effect of Elvitegravir on Suicidal Erythrocyte Death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:1111-20. [PMID: 26963694 DOI: 10.1159/000443061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The antiviral drug Elvitegravir is used for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections. The present study explored whether the drug is able to trigger eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, activated p38 kinase and activated caspases. The present study explored, whether Elvitegravir induces eryptosis and, if so, to shed light on the mechanisms involved. METHODS Phosphatidylserine abundance at the erythrocyte surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface utilizing specific antibodies. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to Elvitegravir (≥ 1.5 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, and significantly decreased forward scatter. Elvitegravir (2.5 µg/ml) significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence, but did not significantly modify DCFDA fluorescence or ceramide abundance. The effect of Elvitegravir on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+, but not in the presence of p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM) or in the presence of pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). CONCLUSIONS Elvitegravir triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect in part due to entry of extracellular Ca2+.
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Signoretto E, Bissinger R, Castagna M, Lang F. Stimulation of Eryptosis by Combretastatin A4 Phosphate Disodium (CA4P). Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:969-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000443049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Combretastatin A4 phosphate disodium (CA4P) is utilized for the treatment of malignancy. The substance has previously been shown to trigger suicidal cell death or apoptosis. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), ceramide, oxidative stress and ATP depletion. The present study explored, whether CA4P induces eryptosis and, if so, to gain insight into mechanisms involved. Methods: Flow cytometry has been employed to estimate phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from DCF fluorescence, glutathione (GSH) abundance from CMF fluorescence and ceramide abundance from fluorescent antibodies. In addition cytosolic ATP levels were quantified utilizing a luciferin-luciferase-based assay and hemolysis was estimated from hemoglobin concentration in the supernatant. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to CA4P (≥ 50 µM) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells and significantly decreased forward scatter. CA4P did not appreciably increase hemolysis. Hundred µM CA4P significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence. The effect of CA4P (100 µM) on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished, by removal of extracellular Ca2+. CA4P (≥ 50 µM) significantly decreased GSH abundance and ATP levels but did not significantly increase ROS or ceramide. Conclusions: CA4P triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part due to entry of extracellular Ca2+ and energy depletion.
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Signoretto E, Zierle J, Bissinger R, Castagna M, Bossi E, Lang F. Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Pazopanib. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:926-38. [DOI: 10.1159/000443045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The multi-targeted kinase inhibitor pazopanib, a drug employed for the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies, has previously been shown to trigger apoptosis. Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Mechanisms involved in the triggering of eryptosis include Ca2+ entry, oxidative stress and ceramide. The present study explored, whether pazopanib induces eryptosis and, if so, whether it is effective by Ca2+ entry, oxidative stress and/or ceramide. Methods: Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation from DCF dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to pazopanib significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding (≥ 25 µg/ml) and of shrunken erythrocytes (≥ 50 µg/ml). Pazopanib treatment further resulted in significant hemolysis (≥ 25 µg/ml). The effect of pazopanib on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Pazopanib significantly increased DCF fluorescence (50 µg/ml) and ceramide abundance (50 µg/ml). Conclusions: Pazopanib triggers eryptosis, an effect involving Ca2+ entry, oxidative stress and ceramide.
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Waibel S, Bissinger R, Bouguerra G, Abbès S, Lang F. Ritonavir-Induced Suicidal Death of Human Erythrocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:51-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Waibel
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Ghada Bouguerra
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Molecular & Cellular Hematology Laboratory; Pasteur Institute of Tunis; University of Tunis-El Manar; El Manar Tunisia
| | - Salem Abbès
- Molecular & Cellular Hematology Laboratory; Pasteur Institute of Tunis; University of Tunis-El Manar; El Manar Tunisia
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Zierle J, Bissinger R, Bouguerra G, Abbès S, Lang F. Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Regorafenib. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:160-172. [DOI: 10.1159/000438618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The multikinase inhibitor regorafenib is utilized for the treatment of malignancy. The substance is effective in part by triggering suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Side effects of regorafenib include anemia. At least in theory, regorafenib induced anemia could result from stimulated suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress and ceramide. The present study explored, whether regorafenib induces eryptosis and, if so, whether it is effective up- and/or downstream of Ca2+. Methods: To this end, phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to regorafenib (≥ 0.5 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter (≥ 1.25 µg/ml), but did not significantly increase Fluo3-fluorescence, DCFDA fluorescence or ceramide abundance. The effect of regorafenib on annexin-V-binding and forward scatter was not significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Regorafenib (5 µg/ml) significantly augmented the increase of annexin-V-binding, but significantly blunted the decrease of forward scatter following treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. Conclusions: Regorafenib triggers cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least in part downstream of Ca2+.
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Umbach AT, El-Attar O, Luo D, Fakhri H, Bissinger R, Lang F. Impact of Annexin A 7 Deficiency on FGF23 Plasma Concentrations. Kidney Blood Press Res 2016; 41:828-836. [DOI: 10.1159/000452586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background/Aims: </i></b>The release of fibroblast growth factor FGF23, a powerful regulator of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> formation and mineral metabolism, is stimulated by store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE), which is accomplished by the pore forming Ca<sup>2+</sup> release activated channel protein Orai1. Regulators of Orai1 and thus FGF23 release include serum & glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1, a kinase up-regulated by glucocorticosteroids. Some effects of glucocorticoids require the presence of annexin A7, such as suppression of prostaglandin E2 in gastric glands. The present study thus explored whether annexin A7 impacts on FGF23 plasma levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Comparisons were made between gene targeted mice lacking functional annexin A7 (<i>Anx7</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup>) and their wild type littermates (<i>Anx7</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup>). Serum C-terminal-FGF23, intact FGF23, 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and PTH concentrations were measured by ELISA or EIA. The serum and urinary phosphate concentrations were measured by colorimetry, the serum Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and the urinary Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration by flame photometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Serum C-terminal FGF23 levels and corticosterone levels were significantly higher and serum 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub> D<sub>3</sub> and PTH levels were significantly lower in <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> than in <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup> mice. Water intake was slightly but significantly higher in <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice than in <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup> mice. No significant difference was observed between <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> and <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup> mice in urinary fluid excretion, plasma Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, plasma phosphate concentration and urinary Ca<sup>2+</sup> output. The urinary phosphate output was significantly lower in <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice than in <i>Anx7</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup> mice. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Annexin A7 deficiency upregulates FGF23 plasma levels, an effect paralleled by increased corticosterone plasma levels, as well as decreased 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub> D<sub>3</sub> and PTH plasma levels.
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Bissinger R, Bouguerra G, Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Waibel S, Abbès S, Lang F. Efavirenz Induced Suicidal Death of Human Erythrocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 37:2496-507. [PMID: 26699137 DOI: 10.1159/000438602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz utilized for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, triggers suicidal cell death or apoptosis, an effect in part due to interference with mitochondrial potential. Side effects of efavirenz include anemia. Causes of anemia include accelerated clearance of circulating erythrocytes. Even though lacking mitochondria, erythrocytes may enter suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include Ca2+ entry and increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, as well as activation of p38 kinase, casein kinase 1α and/or cyclooxygenase. The present study explored, whether and how efavirenz induces eryptosis. METHODS Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCFDA dependent fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing selective antibodies. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to efavirenz (≥ 2 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, significantly decreased forward scatter (2 µg/ml), significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence (≥ 2 µg/ml), but did not significantly modify DCFDA fluorescence or ceramide abundance. The effect of efavirenz on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. The effect of efavirenz on annexin-V-binding was further significantly blunted by p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM) and casein kinase 1α inhibitor D4476 (10 µM), but not by cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin (50 µM). CONCLUSIONS Efavirenz triggers cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface, an effect in part due to stimulation of Ca2+ entry as well as activation of p38 kinase and casein kinase 1α.
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Bissinger R, Waibel S, Bouguerra G, Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Abbès S, Lang F. Enhanced Eryptosis Following Exposure to Lopinavir. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 37:2486-95. [PMID: 26681533 DOI: 10.1159/000438601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The protease inhibitor lopinavir, used for the treatment of HIV infections, triggers suicidal death or apoptosis of nucleated cells. Side effects of lopinavir include anemia, which could in theory result from stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and by phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane leading to phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include oxidative stress, increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), and ceramide. The present study explored, whether lopinavir induces eryptosis. METHODS Flow cytometry was employed to estimate phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, reduced glutathione (GSH) from mercury orange fluorescence and ceramide abundance utilizing labelled specific antibodies. Hemolysis was estimated from haemoglobin concentration of the supernatant. RESULTS A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to lopinavir significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (≥ 10 µg/ml), significantly decreased forward scatter (≥15 µg/ml), significantly increased hemolysis (≥ 15 µg/ml), significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence (20 µg/ml), and significantly increased DCFDA fluorescence (20 µg/ml) but did not significantly modify ceramide abundance. The effect of lopinavir on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION Lopinavir treatment of erythrocytes from healthy volunteers is followed by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect in part due to stimulation of ROS formation and Ca2+ entry.
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