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Schäfer L, Jehle JA, Kleespies RG, Wennmann JT. Pathogens of the oak processionary moth Thaumetopoea processionea: Developing a user-friendly bioassay system and metagenome analyses for microorganisms. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 205:108121. [PMID: 38705355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The oak processionary moth (OPM) Thaumetopoea processionea is a pest of oak trees and poses health risks to humans due to the urticating setae of later instar larvae. For this reason, it is difficult to rear OPM under laboratory conditions, carry out bioassays or examine larvae for pathogens. Biological control targets the early larval instars and is based primarily on commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (Btk). To test the entomopathogenic potential of other spore-forming bacteria, a user-friendly bioassay system was developed that (i) applies bacterial spore suspensions by oak bud dipping, (ii) targets first instar larvae through feeding exposure and (iii) takes into account their group-feeding behavior. A negligible mortality in the untreated control proved the functionality of the newly established bioassay system. Whereas the commercial Btk HD-1 strain was used as a bioassay standard and confirmed as being highly efficient, a Bacillus wiedmannii strain was ineffective in killing OPM larvae. Larvae, which died during the infection experiment, were further subjected to Nanopore sequencing for a metagenomic approach for entomopathogen detection. It further corroborated that B.wiedmannii was not able to infect and establish in OPM, but identified potential insect pathogenic species from the genera Serratia and Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schäfer
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Johannes A Jehle
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Regina G Kleespies
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Jörg T Wennmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
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2
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Brejová B, Hodorová V, Mutalová S, Cillingová A, Tomáška Ľ, Vinař T, Nosek J. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the yeast Lodderomyces beijingensis reveals the genetic nature of metabolic adaptations and identifies subtelomeres as hotspots for amplification of mating type loci. DNA Res 2024; 31:dsae014. [PMID: 38686638 PMCID: PMC11100356 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lodderomyces beijingensis is an ascosporic ascomycetous yeast. In contrast to related species Lodderomyces elongisporus, which is a recently emerging human pathogen, L. beijingensis is associated with insects. To provide an insight into its genetic makeup, we investigated the genome of its type strain, CBS 14171. We demonstrate that this yeast is diploid and describe the high contiguity nuclear genome assembly consisting of eight chromosome-sized contigs with a total size of about 15.1 Mbp. We find that the genome sequence contains multiple copies of the mating type loci and codes for essential components of the mating pheromone response pathway, however, the missing orthologs of several genes involved in the meiotic program raise questions about the mode of sexual reproduction. We also show that L. beijingensis genome codes for the 3-oxoadipate pathway enzymes, which allow the assimilation of protocatechuate. In contrast, the GAL gene cluster underwent a decay resulting in an inability of L. beijingensis to utilize galactose. Moreover, we find that the 56.5 kbp long mitochondrial DNA is structurally similar to known linear mitochondrial genomes terminating on both sides with covalently closed single-stranded hairpins. Finally, we discovered a new double-stranded RNA mycovirus from the Totiviridae family and characterized its genome sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Broňa Brejová
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Viktória Hodorová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sofia Mutalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Cillingová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Vinař
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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3
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Makopa TP, Ncube T, Alwasel S, Boekhout T, Zhou N. Yeast-insect interactions in southern Africa: Tapping the diversity of yeasts for modern bioprocessing. Yeast 2024; 41:330-348. [PMID: 38450792 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are one of the most interesting long-standing relationships whose research has contributed to our understanding of yeast biodiversity and their industrial applications. Although insect-derived yeast strains are exploited for industrial fermentations, only a limited number of such applications has been documented. The search for novel yeasts from insects is attractive to augment the currently domesticated and commercialized production strains. More specifically, there is potential in tapping the insects native to southern Africa. Southern Africa is home to a disproportionately high fraction of global biodiversity with a cluster of biomes and a broad climate range. This review presents arguments on the roles of the mutualistic relationship between yeasts and insects, the presence of diverse pristine environments and a long history of spontaneous food and beverage fermentations as the potential source of novelty. The review further discusses the recent advances in novelty of industrial strains of insect origin, as well as various ancient and modern-day industries that could be improved by use yeasts from insect origin. The major focus of the review is on the relationship between insects and yeasts in southern African ecosystems as a potential source of novel industrial yeast strains for modern bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda P Makopa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Thembekile Ncube
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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4
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Galaz V, Franco W. Lachancea quebecensis a Novel Isolate for the Production of Craft Beer. Foods 2023; 12:3347. [PMID: 37761056 PMCID: PMC10529567 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are ubiquitously present in different natural sources. Some of these yeasts have interesting characteristics for the production of fermented food products. This study characterized Lachancea thermotolerans and L. quebecensis isolated from insects to determine their brewing potential. The yeasts were evaluated according to their fermentative potential in glucose and maltose-defined media and their resistance to ethanol and hop. Finally, craft beer was elaborated at a laboratory scale (10 L). The yeasts utilized glucose as the only carbon source and produced 3.25 ± 1.77, and 4.25 ± 1.06% (v/v), of ethanol for L. thermotolerans and quebecensis, respectively. While in the maltose-defined medium, ethanol content reached 3.25 ± 0.45, and 3.92 ± 0.36, respectively. The presence of alpha acids and ethanol affected the growth of L. quebecensis, which showed lower growth at 90 IBU and 8 ethanol% (v/v) mixtures. The craft beer brewed with L. quebecensis in monoculture experiments showed fruity flavors associated with ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. The ethanol content reached 3.50 ± 0.46% (v/v). The beer pH was 4.06 ± 0.20, with a lactic acid concentration of 1.21 ± 0.05 g/L. The sensory panel identified the beer as "fruity", "floral", "hoppy", "sweet", and "sour". To our knowledge, this is the first time L. quebecensis was reported as a potential candidate for sour beer production with reduced ethanol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Galaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Wendy Franco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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6
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Wang Y, Xu J. Lodderomyces elongisporus: An emerging human fungal pathogen. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011613. [PMID: 37676851 PMCID: PMC10484426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Lin WR, Chang YP, Wu HL, Hsu IC, Wang PH. A symbiosis between Euploea butterflies and yeasts. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Evaluation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/tetraphenylethylene/amphotericin B-based visualized antimicrobial nanofiber wound dressing for whole skin wound healing in rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12063. [PMID: 36561676 PMCID: PMC9764202 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a novel nanofiber wound dressing with multiple functional properties that combines suitable mechanical properties, slow and controlled drug release, antifungal activity, and visual drug monitoring to accelerate wound healing while reducing systemic circulation of the drug, achieving reduced dose and side effects, and achieving patient satisfaction and compliance. In this paper, visualized nanofiber films were prepared using electrostatic spinning technology. This nanofiber wound dressing has soft tissue-like mechanical and antifungal properties and is biocompatible. In particular, the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)/tetraphenylethylene (TPE)/amphotericin B (AMB) nanofiber films showed good performance in terms of antifungal activity and cytocompatibility compared with medical gauze, and significantly accelerated the wound healing process in a mouse total wound defect model with PCL+PVP+TPE+AMB+PNIPAAm. The wound healing rate of nanofibrous membrane group was 100% at 14 days. In addition, histological analysis, collagen deposition and immunohistochemistry showed, for example, fewer inflammatory cells, more fibroblasts around the damaged area, increased wound epithelial atrophy, reduced granulation tissue, connective tissue reconstruction, epithelial tissue formation, and abundant small angiogenesis in the dermis near the epidermis; a higher level of collagen deposition fraction of 49.97%; and a simultaneous reduction in HIF-1α production and upregulated the expression of CD31. In conclusion, this antifungal nanofiber film showed promising applications throughout the skin wound healing process.
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9
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Gouka L, Raaijmakers JM, Cordovez V. Ecology and functional potential of phyllosphere yeasts. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1109-1123. [PMID: 35842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere (i.e., the aerial parts of plants) harbors a rich microbial life, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and yeasts. Current knowledge of yeasts stems primarily from industrial and medical research on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, both of which can be found on plant tissues. For most other yeasts found in the phyllosphere, little is known about their ecology and functions. Here, we explore the diversity, dynamics, interactions, and genomics of yeasts associated with plant leaves and how tools and approaches developed for model yeasts can be adopted to disentangle the ecology and natural functions of phyllosphere yeasts. A first genomic survey exemplifies that we have only scratched the surface of the largely unexplored functional potential of phyllosphere yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gouka
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Viviane Cordovez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Bizarria R, de Castro Pietrobon T, Rodrigues A. Uncovering the Yeast Communities in Fungus-Growing Ant Colonies. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02099-1. [PMID: 35962280 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are compelling models to study the evolution, ecology, and diversification of yeasts. Fungus-growing (attine) ants are prominent insects in the Neotropics that evolved an ancient fungiculture of basidiomycete fungi over 55-65 million years, supplying an environment for a hidden yeast diversity. Here we assessed the yeast diversity in the attine ant environment by thoroughly sampling fungus gardens across four out of five ant fungiculture systems: Acromyrmex coronatus and Mycetomoellerius tucumanus standing for leaf-cutting and higher-attine fungicultures, respectively; Apterostigma sp., Mycetophylax sp., and Mycocepurus goeldii as ants from the lower-attine fungiculture. Among the fungus gardens of all fungus-growing ants examined, we found taxonomically unique and diverse microbial yeast communities across the different fungicultures. Ascomycete yeasts were the core taxa in fungus garden samples, with Saccharomycetales as the most frequent order. The genera Aureobasidium, Candida, Papiliotrema, Starmerella, and Sugiyamaella had the highest incidence in fungus gardens. Despite the expected similarity within the same fungiculture system, colonies of the same ant species differed in community structure. Among Saccharomycotina yeasts, few were distinguishable as killer yeasts, with a classical inhibition pattern for the killer phenotype, differing from earlier observations in this environment, which should be further investigated. Yeast mycobiome in fungus gardens is distinct between colonies of the same fungiculture and each ant colony harbors a distinguished and unique yeast community. Fungus gardens of attine ants are emergent environments to study the diversity and ecology of yeasts associated with insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Bizarria
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane de Castro Pietrobon
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bela Vista, Avenida 24-A, n. 1515SP 13.506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil.
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Giraldo C, Chaves-López C, Tofalo R, Angrisani R, Rodrigues A, Montoya-Lerma J. Yeasts associated with the worker caste of the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes under experimental conditions in Colombia. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:284. [PMID: 35476294 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts isolated from the worker caste of the Colombian leaf-cutting ant, Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) were cultured and identified by molecular methods. Abundant, persistent, and omnipresent species were classified as "prevalent". Experimental data were compared with information gathered from published reports on the yeast species composition in other leaf-cutting ant species. Diversity analysis was conducted using diversity values (q0, q1, and q2) to compare the richness and abundance of yeasts present in different leaf-cutting ant species. Clustering analysis was carried out to assess the similarity of yeast community according to ant species. The yeast species composition was highly variable among the ant species. A. laevigata and A. capiguara showed the highest degree of similarity and differed from the group composed by A. cephalotes, A. sexdens, A. sexdens rubropilosa, and A. texana. The isolation of dominant yeasts in different ant castes within the different compartments of a colony strongly suggests that the identified microorganisms are not transient but are native to the soil surrounding ant colonies and the substrates used by the ants to grow their fungal cultivars. It is apparent that the ant-fungus mutualism does not operate in an environment devoid of other microbes, but rather that the association must be seen within the context of a background of other microorganisms, particularly the dominant yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Giraldo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Facoltá di BioScience e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari e Ambientali, Universitá Degli Studi di Teramo, Via R. Balzarini, 164100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Facoltá di BioScience e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari e Ambientali, Universitá Degli Studi di Teramo, Via R. Balzarini, 164100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Angrisani
- NutriPlant S.R.L. Impianto Chimico per la Produzione Di Specialità Fertilizzanti per Agricoltura in Gestione Biologica e Convenzionale, S. S. 93 Km 46,400, 85024, Lavello, PZ, Italy
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Green SJ, Nesvorna M, Hubert J. The Negative Effects of Feces-Associated Microorganisms on the Fitness of the Stored Product Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:756286. [PMID: 35359745 PMCID: PMC8961420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.756286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feces have been suggested as a major source of microorganisms for recolonization of the gut of stored product mites via coprophagy. The mites can host microorganisms that decrease their fitness, but their transmission is not known. To address the role of fecal microbiota on mite fitness, we performed an experimental study in which the surfaces of mite (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) eggs were sterilized. Mites eggs (15 per experimental box) were then hatched and grown on feedstock with and without feces. These experiments were conducted with four distinct T. putrescentiae populations (5L, 5K, 5N, and 5P), and mite population density after 21 day of cultivation was used to assess mite fitness and the impact of fecal microbiota on fitness. Population density was not affected by the presence of feces in two of the cultures (5L and 5K), while significant effects of feces were observed in the other cultures (5N and 5P). Mite culture microbial communities were analyzed using cultivation-independent next-generation amplicon sequencing of microbial 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in the fitness influenced populations (5N and 5P). Several microbial taxa were associated with fecal treatments and reduced mite fitness, including Staphylococcus and Bartonella-like bacteria, and the fungal genera Yamadazyma, Candida, and Aspergillus. Although coprophagy is the transmission route mites used to obtain beneficial gut bacteria such as Bartonella-like organisms, the results of this study demonstrate that fecal-associated microorganisms can have negative effects on some populations of T. putrescentiae fitness, and this may counteract the positive effects of gut symbiont acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Jan Hubert
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Hubert, ;
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13
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Malassigné S, Minard G, Vallon L, Martin E, Valiente Moro C, Luis P. Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081552. [PMID: 34442634 PMCID: PMC8399037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the concept of the holobiont, insect-microbiota interactions play an important role in insect biology. Many examples of host-associated microorganisms have been reported to drastically influence insect biological processes such as development, physiology, nutrition, survival, immunity, or even vector competence. While a huge number of studies on insect-associated microbiota have focused on bacteria, other microbial partners including fungi have been comparatively neglected. Yeasts, which establish mostly commensal or symbiotic relationships with their host, can dominate the mycobiota of certain insects. This review presents key advances and progress in the research field highlighting the diversity of yeast communities associated with insects, as well as their impact on insect life-history traits, immunity, and behavior.
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14
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Nwaefuna AE, Rumbold K, Boekhout T, Zhou N. Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:86. [PMID: 33827664 PMCID: PMC8028181 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Karl Rumbold
- Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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15
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A conserved regulator controls asexual sporulation in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6224. [PMID: 33277479 PMCID: PMC7718266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Rme1 is conserved among ascomycetes and regulates meiosis and pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genome of the meiosis-defective pathogen Candida albicans encodes an Rme1 homolog that is part of a transcriptional circuitry controlling hyphal growth. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome-wide expression analyses to study a possible role of Rme1 in C. albicans morphogenesis. We find that Rme1 binds upstream and activates the expression of genes that are upregulated during chlamydosporulation, an asexual process leading to formation of large, spherical, thick-walled cells during nutrient starvation. RME1 deletion abolishes chlamydosporulation in three Candida species, whereas its overexpression bypasses the requirement for chlamydosporulation cues and regulators. RME1 expression levels correlate with chlamydosporulation efficiency across clinical isolates. Interestingly, RME1 displays a biphasic pattern of expression, with a first phase independent of Rme1 function and dependent on chlamydospore-inducing cues, and a second phase dependent on Rme1 function and independent of chlamydospore-inducing cues. Our results indicate that Rme1 plays a central role in chlamydospore development in Candida species.
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16
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Větrovský T, Soukup P, Stiblik P, Votýpková K, Chakraborty A, Larrañaga IO, Sillam-Dussès D, Lo N, Bourguignon T, Baldrian P, Šobotník J, Kolařík M. Termites host specific fungal communities that differ from those in their ambient environments. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Meriggi N, Di Paola M, Cavalieri D, Stefanini I. Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Insects Association: Impacts, Biogeography, and Extent. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1629. [PMID: 32760380 PMCID: PMC7372139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, an increasing number of studies have reported the existence of an association between the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and insects. The discovery of this relationship has called into question the hypothesis that S. cerevisiae is unable to survive in nature and that the presence of S. cerevisiae strains in natural specimens is the result of contamination from human-related environments. S. cerevisiae cells benefit from this association as they find in the insect intestine a shelter, but also a place where they can reproduce themselves through mating, the latter being an event otherwise rarely observed in natural environments. On the other hand, insects also take advantage in hosting S. cerevisiae as they rely on yeasts as nutriment to properly develop, to localize suitable food, and to enhance their immune system. Despite the relevance of this relationship on both yeast and insect ecology, we are still far from completely appreciating its extent and effects. It has been shown that other yeasts are able to colonize only one or a few insect species. Is it the same for S. cerevisiae cells or is this yeast able to associate with any insect? Similarly, is this association geographically or topographically limited in areas characterized by specific physical features? With this review, we recapitulate the nature of the S. cerevisiae-insect association, disclose its extent in terms of geographical distribution and species involved, and present YeastFinder, a cured online database providing a collection of information on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Irene Stefanini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Jacques N, Casaregola S. Large biodiversity of yeasts in French Guiana and the description of Suhomyces coccinellae f.a. sp. nov. and Suhomyces faveliae f.a. sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1634-1649. [PMID: 31033433 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of the diversity of yeasts in tropical rain forest and different environments from French Guiana was investigated. A total of 365 samples were collected from various substrates, such as plants, fruits and insects, at 13 locations, yielding 276 pure yeast isolates. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene indicated that 210 isolates out of 276 belonged to 82 described species (67 Saccharomycotina, 14 Basidiomycota and 1 Pezizomycotina). In addition to these, a total of 54 Saccharomycotina isolates could not be assigned to a known species. These belonged to 14 genera and should be studied further from a taxonomic point of view. In addition, among the 43 Basidiomycotina isolates found, 12 could not be assigned to a known species. This report shows an unexpected biodiversity and indicates that oversea territories, such as French Guiana, constitute a largely unexplored reservoir for yeast diversity. Two Saccharomycotina strains, CLIB 1706 and CLIB 1725, isolated from an insect and from a fern respectively, were characterized further and were shown to belong to the Suhomyces clade on the basis of the rDNA sequence comparison. CLIB 1706TrDNA sequences showed nine substitutions and three indels out of 556 bp (D1/D2 domains) and 32 substitutions and 12 indels out of 380 bp [internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] with that of the most closely related species Suhomyces guaymorum CBS 9823T. CLIB 1725T rDNA sequences presented 18 substitutions and one indel out of 549 bp (D1/D2 domains) and 48 substitutions and 11 indels out of 398 bp (ITS) with that of its closest relative Suhomyces vadensis CBS 9454T. Two novel species of the genus Suhomyces were described to accommodate these two strains: Suhomyces coccinellae f.a. sp. nov. (CLIB 1706T=CBS 14298T) and Suhomyces faveliae f.a. sp. nov. (CLIB 1725T=CBS 14299T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Jacques
- CIRM-Levures, INRA, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,†Present address: Bioger, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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19
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Saucedo-Carabez JR, Ploetz RC, Konkol JL, Carrillo D, Gazis R. Partnerships Between Ambrosia Beetles and Fungi: Lineage-Specific Promiscuity Among Vectors of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:925-940. [PMID: 29675704 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional mutualisms that ambrosia beetles have with fungi are poorly understood. Although these interactions were initially thought to be specific associations with a primary symbiont, there is increasing evidence that some of these fungi are associated with, and move among, multiple beetle partners. We examined culturable fungi recovered from mycangia of ambrosia beetles associated with trees of Persea humilis (silk bay, one site) and P. americana (avocado, six commercial orchards) that were affected by laurel wilt, an invasive disease caused by a symbiont, Raffaelea lauricola, of an Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Fungi were isolated from 20 adult females of X. glabratus from silk bay and 70 each of Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, Xyleborus volvulus, Xyleborinus saxesenii, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus from avocado. With partial sequences of ribosomal (LSU and SSU) and nuclear (β-tubulin) genes, one to several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of fungi were identified in assayed individuals. Distinct populations of fungi were recovered from each of the examined beetle species. Raffaelea lauricola was present in all beetles except X. saxesenii and X. crassiusculus, and Raffaelea spp. predominated in Xyleborus spp. Raffaelea arxii, R. subalba, and R. subfusca were present in more than a single species of Xyleborus, and R. arxii was the most abundant symbiont in both X. affinis and X. volvulus. Raffaelea aguacate was detected for the first time in an ambrosia beetle (X. bispinatus). Yeasts (Ascomycota, Saccharomycotina) were found consistently in the mycangia of the examined beetles, and distinct, putatively co-adapted populations of these fungi were associated with each beetle species. Greater understandings are needed for how mycangia in ambrosia beetles interact with fungi, including yeasts which play currently underresearched roles in these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Saucedo-Carabez
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - Randy C Ploetz
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA.
| | - J L Konkol
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - D Carrillo
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
| | - R Gazis
- Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031-3314, USA
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20
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The digestive tract of Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) harbours different yeast taxa in Cerrado streams, Brazil. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Dögen A, Sav H, Gonca S, Kaplan E, Ilkit M, Novak Babic M, Gunde-Cimerman N, de Hoog GS. Candida parapsilosis in domestic laundry machines. Med Mycol 2018; 55:813-819. [PMID: 28204594 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis, although a human commensal, acts as an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections, with a rising incidence worldwide. Its ecological characteristics are poorly understood. Human-made environments within dwellings, such as dishwashers and water distribution systems, represent major sources of fungi such as C. parapsilosis. Here, we investigated the presence of members of the C. parapsilosis complex in 99 washing machines in various dwellings in the city of Mersin, Turkey. We sampled three sites in each washing machine: (i) the washing powder drawers, (ii) fabric softener drawers, and (iii) rubber seals around the washing machine doors. Additionally, we recorded the type of cleanser used by each customer. Of note, 25.3% of sampled washing machines harbored C. parapsilosis strains, later identified as the members of the C. parapsilosis sensu stricto via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Out of the 29 isolates obtained, biofilm-forming ability and proteinase and esterase activities were recorded in 14, 11, and 4 of the isolates, respectively. Our results suggest that the washing machines investigated abundantly harbored C. parapsilosis sensu stricto; however, no single preferred isolation site or association with cleanser type was observed (P > .05). Furthermore, C. parapsilosis isolates grew at temperatures ranging from 10°C to 37°C, at pH values ranging from 4 to 10, and were found to tolerate 5-10% NaCl. Domestic laundry appliances as a potential source of C. parapsilosis infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Dögen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hafize Sav
- Division of Mycology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Advanced Technology Education, Research, and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaplan
- Advanced Technology Education, Research, and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.,Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Monika Novak Babic
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre of Excellence of Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Mohammed WS, Ziganshina EE, Shagimardanova EI, Gogoleva NE, Ziganshin AM. Comparison of intestinal bacterial and fungal communities across various xylophagous beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:10073. [PMID: 29968731 PMCID: PMC6030058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial gut communities associated with various xylophagous beetles offer great potential for different biotechnologies and elaboration of novel pest management strategies. In this research, the intestinal bacterial and fungal communities of various cerambycid larvae, including Acmaeops septentrionis, Acanthocinus aedilis, Callidium coriaceum, Trichoferus campestris and Chlorophorus herbstii, were investigated. The intestinal microbial communities of these Cerambycidae species were mostly represented by members of the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and the fungal phylum Ascomycota. However, the bacterial and fungal communities varied by beetle species and between individual organisms. Furthermore, bacterial communities' metagenomes reconstruction indicated the genes that encode enzymes involved in the lignocellulose degradation (such as peroxidases, alpha-L-fucosidases, beta-xylosidases, beta-mannosidases, endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases and others) and nitrogen fixation (nitrogenases). Most of the predicted genes potentially related to lignocellulose degradation were enriched in the T. campestris, A. aedilis and A. septentrionis larval gut consortia, whereas predicted genes affiliated with the nitrogenase component proteins were enriched in the T. campestris, A. septentrionis and C. herbstii larval gut consortia. Several bacteria and fungi detected in the current work could be involved in the nutrition of beetle larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Elvira E Ziganshina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Elena I Shagimardanova
- Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420021, Russia
| | - Natalia E Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420021, Russia
| | - Ayrat M Ziganshin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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23
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Nitiyon S, Khunnamwong P, Lertwattanasakul N, Limtong S. Candida kantuleensis sp. nov., a d-xylose-fermenting yeast species isolated from peat in a tropical peat swamp forest. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2313-2318. [PMID: 29792588 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains (DMKU-XE11T, DMKU-XE15 and DMKU-XE20) representing a single novel anamorphic and d-xylose-fermenting yeast species were obtained from three peat samples collected from Khan Thulee peat swamp forest in Surat Thani province, Thailand. The strains differed from each other by one to two nucleotide substitutions in the sequences of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and zero to one nucleotide substitution in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of the ITS and the D1/D2 regions showed that the three strains represented a single Candida species that was distinct from the other related species in the Lodderomyces/Candida albicans clade. The three strains form a subclade with the other Candida species including Candida sanyaensis, Candida tropicalis and Candida sojae. C. sanyaensis was the most closely related species, with 2.1-2.4 % nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene, and 3.8-4.0 % nucleotide substitutions in the ITS region. The three strains (DMKU-XE11T, DMKU-XE15 and DMKU-XE20) were assigned as a single novel species, which was named Candida kantuleensis sp. nov. The type strain is DMKU-XE11T (=CBS 15219T=TBRC 7764T). The MycoBank number for C. kantuleensis sp. nov. is MB 824179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Nitiyon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Present address: Postharvest and Processing Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pannida Khunnamwong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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24
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Siavoshi F, Sahraee M, Ebrahimi H, Sarrafnejad A, Saniee P. Natural fruits, flowers, honey, and honeybees harbor Helicobacter pylori-positive yeasts. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12471. [PMID: 29457310 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For controlling Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, its environmental reservoir should be determined. In this study, yeast isolates from an isolated village in Iran were studied for the intracellular occurrence of H. pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, yeasts were isolated from 29 samples, including oral swabs from villagers (n = 7), flowers and fruits (n = 6), honey and honeybees (n = 12) and miscellaneous samples (4). Yeasts were classified into 12 RFLP groups and identified by amplification of 26S rDNA and sequencing. DNA extracted from the yeast cells was examined for the presence of H. pylori using PCR. RESULTS Of the 29 yeasts, 27 were members of different genera of Ascomycete. H. pylori was detected in 5 of 9 Candida (55.5%), 4 of 5 Komagataella (80%), 3 of 4 Pichia (100%), 2 of 2 Cytobasidia (100%), 2 of 2 Hansenia (100%), 1 of 1 Meyerozyma (100%) and 2 of 3 not sequenced (66.6%) yeasts. Distribution of 19 of 29 (65.5%) H. pylori-positive yeasts within 4 groups was as follows: 1 of 7(14.3%) in oral swabs, 5 of 6 (83.3%) in flowers and fruits, 10 of 12 (83.3%) in honey and the bee group and 3 of 4 (75%) in miscellaneous. CONCLUSIONS Different genera of osmotolerant yeasts from flowers, fruits, honey, and honeybees contained H. pylori in their vacuole. High frequency of H. pylori-positive yeasts in these samples might be related to their high sugar content. Insects such as honeybees that facilitate transfer and easy access of these yeasts to nectars serve as the main reservoirs of these yeasts, playing an important role in their protection and dispersal. Accordingly, H. pylori inside these yeasts can be carried by honeybees to different sugar- and nutrient-rich environments. Sugar-rich environments and honeybees play an important role in distribution of H. pylori-positive yeasts in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sahraee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Ebrahimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolfatah Sarrafnejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Saniee
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G. C, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Stefanini I. Yeast-insect associations: It takes guts. Yeast 2018; 35:315-330. [PMID: 29363168 PMCID: PMC5947625 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects interact with microorganisms in several situations, ranging from the accidental interaction to locate attractive food or the acquisition of essential nutrients missing in the main food source. Despite a wealth of studies recently focused on bacteria, the interactions between insects and yeasts have relevant implications for both of the parties involved. The insect intestine shows several structural and physiological differences among species, but it is generally a hostile environment for many microorganisms, selecting against the most sensitive and at the same time guaranteeing a less competitive environment to resistant ones. An intensive characterization of the interactions between yeasts and insects has highlighted their relevance not only for attraction to food but also for the insect's development and behaviour. Conversely, some yeasts have been shown to benefit from interactions with insects, in some cases by being carried among different environments. In addition, the insect intestine may provide a place to reside for prolonged periods and possibly mate or generate sexual forms able to mate once back in the external environments. YEA-May-17-0084.R3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Stefanini
- Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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26
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Kapitan M, Niemiec MJ, Steimle A, Frick JS, Jacobsen ID. Fungi as Part of the Microbiota and Interactions with Intestinal Bacteria. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 422:265-301. [PMID: 30062595 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiota consists of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi that build a highly complex network of interactions between each other and the host. While there are many examples for commensal bacterial influence on host health and immune modulation, little is known about the role of commensal fungi inside the gut community. Up until now, fungal research was concentrating on opportunistic diseases caused by fungal species, leaving the possible role of fungi as part of the microbiota largely unclear. Interestingly, fungal and bacterial abundance in the gut appear to be negatively correlated and disruption of the bacterial microbiota is a prerequisite for fungal overgrowth. The mechanisms behind bacterial colonization resistance are likely diverse, including direct antagonism as well as bacterial stimulation of host defense mechanisms. In this work, we will review the current knowledge of the development of the intestinal bacterial and fungal community, the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease, and the role of the opportunistic yeast C. albicans. We will furthermore discuss the possible benefits of commensal fungal colonization. Finally, we will summarize the recent findings on bacterial-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kapitan
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - M Joanna Niemiec
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Steimle
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia S Frick
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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27
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Cadete RM, Rosa CA. The yeasts of the genus Spathaspora
: potential candidates for second-generation biofuel production. Yeast 2017; 35:191-199. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M. Cadete
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brazil
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28
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Bozic J, Capone A, Pediconi D, Mensah P, Cappelli A, Valzano M, Mancini MV, Scuppa P, Martin E, Epis S, Rossi P, Favia G, Ricci I. Mosquitoes can harbour yeasts of clinical significance and contribute to their environmental dissemination. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:642-648. [PMID: 28714286 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is still a lack of studies on fungal microbiota in mosquitoes, compared with the number available on bacterial microbiota. This study reports the identification of yeasts of clinical significance in laboratory mosquito species: Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Among the yeasts isolated, they focused on the opportunistic pathogen Candida parapsilosis, since there is a need to better understand breakthrough candidaemia with resistance to the usual antifungals, which requires careful consideration in the broad-spectrum therapy, as documented in many clinical reports. C. parapsilosis occurs widely and has been isolated from diverse sources, including insects, which may contribute to its dissemination. In this study, it was isolated from the gut of An. gambiae and its presence in developmental stages and organs of different mosquito species was studied. Our results indicated that there was a stable association between C. parapsilosis and reared mosquitoes during the entire life cycle, and in adult male and female gut and gonads. A wide occurrence of C. parapsilosis was also documented in several populations of wild mosquitoes. Based on these findings, it can be said that mosquitoes might participate in the spreading of this opportunistic pathogen, not only as a carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Bozic
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Aida Capone
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Dario Pediconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Priscilla Mensah
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessia Cappelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Valzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Mancini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scuppa
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Elena Martin
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Guido Favia
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Ricci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile da Varano III 62032, Camerino, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Wolfe
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this article, we review some of the best-studied fungi used as food sources, in particular, the cheese fungi, the truffles, and the fungi used for drink fermentation such as beer, wine, and sake. We discuss their history of consumption by humans and the genomic mechanisms of adaptation during artificial selection.
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Zhang CY, Liu XJ, Yi ZH, Ren YC, Li Y, Hui FL. Starmerella anomalae f.a., sp. nov., Starmerella asiatica f.a., sp. nov., Starmerella henanensis f.a., sp. nov. and Starmerella scarabaei f.a., sp. nov., four yeast species isolated from scarab beetles. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1600-1606. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Ze-Hao Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Yong-Cheng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
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Schlüter O, Rumpold B, Holzhauser T, Roth A, Vogel RF, Quasigroch W, Vogel S, Heinz V, Jäger H, Bandick N, Kulling S, Knorr D, Steinberg P, Engel KH. Safety aspects of the production of foods and food ingredients from insects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27623740 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At present, insects are rarely used by the European food industry, but they are a subject of growing interest as an alternative source of raw materials. The risks associated with the use of insects in the production of foods and food ingredients have not been sufficiently investigated. There is a lack of scientifically based knowledge of insect processing to ensure food safety, especially when these processes are carried out on an industrial scale. This review focuses on the safety aspects that need to be considered regarding the fractionation of insects for the production of foods and food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Birgit Rumpold
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Roth
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Vogel
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nils Bandick
- Unit Food Technologies, Supply Chains and Food Defense Department Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Chair of General Food Technology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Liu XJ, Yi ZH, Ren YC, Li Y, Hui FL. Five novel species in the Lodderomyces clade associated with insects. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4881-4889. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Ze-Hao Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Yong-Cheng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
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Carrillo D, Cruz LF, Kendra PE, Narvaez TI, Montgomery WS, Monterroso A, De Grave C, Cooperband MF. Distribution, Pest Status and Fungal Associates of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus in Florida Avocado Groves. INSECTS 2016; 7:E55. [PMID: 27754408 PMCID: PMC5198203 DOI: 10.3390/insects7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of a complex of cryptic species, that correspond morphologically to the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), were recently found attacking avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Israel and California. In early 2016, an outbreak of another member of this species complex was detected infesting approximately 1500 avocado trees in an avocado orchard at Homestead, Florida. An area-wide survey was conducted in commercial avocado groves of Miami-Dade County, Florida to determine the distribution and abundance of E. nr. fornicatus, to identify different populations of E. nr. fornicatus and their fungal associates, and to assess the extent of damage to avocado trees. Ewallacea nr. fornicatus were captured in 31 of the 33 sampled sites. A sample of 35 beetles from six different locations was identified as E. nr. fornicatus sp. #2, which is genetically distinct from the species causing damage in California and Israel. Eleven fungal associates were identified: an unknown Fusarium sp., AF-8, AF-6, Graphium euwallaceae, Acremonium sp. Acremonium morum, Acremonium masseei, Elaphocordyceps sp. and three yeast species. The unknown Fusarium isolates were the most abundant and frequently found fungus species associated with adult beetles and lesions surrounding the beetle galleries. In addition to fungal associates, three bacteria species were found associated with adult E. nr. fornicatus. Visual inspections detected significant damage in only two orchards. A large number of beetles were captured in locations with no apparent damage on the avocado trees suggesting that E. nr. fornicatus are associated with other host(s) outside the groves or with dead trees or branches inside the groves. More research is needed to determine the potential threat E. nr. fornicatus and its fungal associates pose to the avocado industry and agricultural and natural ecosystems in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carrillo
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Luisa F Cruz
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Paul E Kendra
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Teresa I Narvaez
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
| | - Wayne S Montgomery
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | | | - Charlotte De Grave
- IFAS-Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium.
| | - Miriam F Cooperband
- Otis Laboratory, Plant Protection and Quarantine's Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA.
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35
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Ren YC, Liu XJ, Yi ZH, Hui FL. Nematodospora anomalae sp. nov., a novel and D-xylose-fermenting yeast species in the Lodderomyces clade. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4046-4050. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Ze-Hao Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
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36
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Taxonomy and physiological characterisation of Scheffersomyces titanus sp. nov., a new D-xylose-fermenting yeast species from China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32181. [PMID: 27558134 PMCID: PMC4997322 DOI: 10.1038/srep32181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of a d-xylose-fermenting yeast species were isolated from the host beetle Dorcus titanus collected from two different localities in Henan Province, Central China. These strains formed two hat-shaped ascospores in conjugated and deliquescent asci. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis that included the nearly complete small subunit (SSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rDNAs, as well as RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) gene demonstrated that these strains represent a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Scheffersomyces. The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the xylose reductase (XYL1) gene supported the view that the new strains could be grouped as a unique species. Although this new species is highly similar to Scheffersomyces stipitis-like yeasts in terms of nrDNA sequences and morphological and physiological characteristics, the species can be clearly differentiated from its close relatives on the basis of the sequences of XYL1 and RPB1. Therefore, a novel yeast species, Scheffersomyces titanus sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain is NYNU 14712(T) (CICC 33061(T) = CBS 13926(T)).
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Franzini PZN, Ramond JB, Scholtz CH, Sole CL, Ronca S, Cowan DA. The Gut Microbiomes of Two Pachysoma MacLeay Desert Dung Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Feeding on Different Diets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161118. [PMID: 27532606 PMCID: PMC4988786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-organisms inhabiting animal guts benefit from a protected and nutrient-rich environment while assisting the host with digestion and nutrition. In this study we compare, for the first time, the bacterial and fungal gut communities of two species of the small desert dung beetle genus Pachysoma feeding on different diets: the detritivorous P. endroedyi and the dry-dung-feeding P. striatum. Whole-gut microbial communities from 5 individuals of each species were assessed using 454 pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS gene regions. The two bacterial communities were significantly different, with only 3.7% of operational taxonomic units shared, and displayed intra-specific variation. The number of bacterial phyla present within the guts of P. endroedyi and P. striatum individuals ranged from 6-11 and 4-7, respectively. Fungal phylotypes could only be detected within the gut of P. striatum. Although the role of host phylogeny in Pachysoma microbiome assembly remains unknown, evidence presented in this study suggests that host diet may be a deterministic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Z. N. Franzini
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Genomic Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ramond
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Genomic Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clarke H. Scholtz
- Scarab Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Catherine L. Sole
- Scarab Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sandra Ronca
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Genomic Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Don A. Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Genomic Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Vera-Ponce de León A, Sanchez-Flores A, Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero E. Fungal Community Associated with Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) and Its Role in Uric Acid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:954. [PMID: 27446001 PMCID: PMC4917543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied fungal species associated with the carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus and other non-domesticated Dactylopius species using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Thirty seven fungi were isolated in various culture media from insect males and females from different developmental stages and Dactylopius species. 26S rRNA genes and ITS sequences, from cultured fungal isolates revealed different species of Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces, Trametes, and Penicillium, which are genera newly associated with Dactylopius. Uric acid (UA) and uricase activity were detected in tissues extracts from different insect developmental stages. However, accumulation of high UA levels and low uricase activities were found only after antifungal treatments, suggesting an important role of fungal species in its metabolism. Additionally, uricolytic fungal isolates were identified and characterized that presumably are involved in nitrogen recycling metabolism. After metagenomic analyses from D. coccus gut and hemolymph DNA and from two published data sets, we confirmed the presence of fungal genes involved in UA catabolism, suggesting that fungi help in the nitrogen recycling process in Dactylopius by uricolysis. All these results show the importance of fungal communities in scale insects such as Dactylopius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Vera-Ponce de León
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
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Gouliamova DE, Dimitrov RA, Smith MT, Groenewald M, Stoilova-Disheva MM, Guéorguiev BV, Boekhout T. DNA barcoding revealed Nematodospora valgi gen. nov., sp. nov. and Candida cetoniae sp. nov. in the Lodderomyces clade. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:179-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Ren YC, Xu LL, Zhang L, Hui FL. Candida baotianmanensis sp. nov. and Candida pseudoviswanathii sp. nov., two ascosporic yeast species isolated from the gut of beetles. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:3580-3585. [PMID: 26297152 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four yeast strains were isolated from the gut of beetles collected on Baotianman Mountain and People's Park of Nanyang in Henan Province, China. These strains produced unconjugated asci with one or two ellipsoidal to elongate ascospores in a persistent ascus. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates represent two novel sexual species in the Candida/Lodderomyces clade. Candida baotianmanensis sp. nov. was located in a statistically well-supported branch together with Candida maltosa. Candida pseudoviswanathii sp. nov. formed a subclade with its closest relative Candida viswanathii supported by a strong bootstrap value. The two novel species were distinguished from their most closely related described species, Candida maltosa and Candida viswanathii, in the D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and in phenotypic traits. The type strain of Candida baotianmanensis sp. nov. is NYNU 14719T ( = CBS 13915T = CICC 33052T), and the type strain of Candida pseudoviswanathii sp. nov. is NYNU 14772T ( = CBS 13916T = CICC 33053T). The MycoBank numbers for Candida baotianmanensis sp. nov. and Candida pseudoviswanathii sp. nov. are MB 812621 and MB 812622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Long-Long Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Feng-Li Hui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
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Isolation and Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Yeast Strains from Petroleum Contaminated Industrial Wastewater. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:929424. [PMID: 26339653 PMCID: PMC4538589 DOI: 10.1155/2015/929424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two yeast strains are enriched and isolated from industrial refinery wastewater. These strains were observed for their ability to utilize several classes of petroleum hydrocarbons substrates, such as n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 variable domain and the ITS-region sequences indicated that strains HC1 and HC4 were members of the genera Candida and Trichosporon, respectively. The mechanism of hydrocarbon uptaking by yeast, Candida, and Trichosporon has been studied by means of the kinetic analysis of hydrocarbons-degrading yeasts growth and substrate assimilation. Biodegradation capacity and biomass quantity were daily measured during twelve days by gravimetric analysis and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques. Removal of n-alkanes indicated a strong ability of hydrocarbon biodegradation by the isolated yeast strains. These two strains grew on long-chain n-alkane, diesel oil, and crude oil but failed to grow on short-chain n-alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons. Growth measurement attributes of the isolates, using n-hexadecane, diesel oil, and crude oil as substrates, showed that strain HC1 had better degradation for hydrocarbon substrates than strain HC4. In conclusion, these yeast strains can be useful for the bioremediation process and decreasing petroleum pollution in wastewater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Niu LH, Song XF, He SM, Zhang P, Wang NX, Li Y, Huang DW. New insights into the fungal community from the raw genomic sequence data of fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:27. [PMID: 25885565 PMCID: PMC4329198 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, biologists have discovered a large amount of valuable information from assembled genomes, but the abundant microbial data that is hidden in the raw genomic sequence data of plants and animals is usually ignored. In this study, the richness and composition of fungal community were determined in the raw genomic sequence data of Ceratosolen solmsi (RGSD-CS). Results To avoid the interference from sequences of C. solmsi, the unmapped raw data (about 17.1%) was obtained by excluding the assembled genome of C. solmsi from RGSD-CS. Comparing two fungal reference datasets, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) of rRNA, the ITS dataset discovered a more diverse fungal community and was therefore selected as the reference dataset for evaluating the fungal community based on the unmapped raw data. The threshold of 95% sequence identity revealed many more matched fungal reads and fungal richness in the unmapped raw data than those by identities above 95%. Based on the threshold of 95% sequence identity, the fungal community of RGSD-CS was primarily composed of Saccharomycetes (88.4%) and two other classes (Agaricomycetes and Sordariomycetes, 8.3% in total). Compared with the fungal community of other reported fig wasps, Agaricomycetes and Eurotiomycetes were found to be unique to C. solmsi. In addition, the ratio of total fungal reads to RGSD-CS was estimated to be at least 4.8 × 10−3, which indicated that a large amount of fungal data was contained in RGSD-CS. However, rarefaction measure indicated that a deeper sequencing coverage with RGSD-CS was required to discover the entire fungal community of C. solmsi. Conclusion This study investigated the richness and composition of fungal community in RGSD-CS and provided new insights into the efficient study of microbial diversity using raw genomic sequence data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0370-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Niu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiu-Feng Song
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Shun-Min He
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning-Xin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Yi Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Suh DY, Kim SH, Son SY, Seo ST, Kim KH. A New Record of Candida kashinagacola (Synonym Ambrosiozyma kashinagacola) from Galleries of Platypus koryoensis, the Oak Wilt Disease Vector, in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2013; 41:245-247. [PMID: 24493947 PMCID: PMC3905130 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2013.41.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is an economically important pest affecting oak trees in Korea. Candida kashinagacola was isolated from galleries of the beetle in oak wood and identified by analyses of morphology, physiological properties, and nucleotide sequence of the large subunit ribosomal DNA. This is the first report on Candida species associated with oak wilt disease vectored by the ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeon Suh
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Son
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Sang Tae Seo
- Department of Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea
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Carvalho C, Yang J, Vogan A, Maganti H, Yamamura D, Xu J. Clinical and tree hollow populations of human pathogenic yeast in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada are different. Mycoses 2013; 57:271-83. [PMID: 24283796 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yeast are among the most frequent pathogens in humans. The dominant yeast causing human infections belong to the genus Candida and Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species. However, several non-C. albicans species are becoming increasingly common in patients worldwide. The relationships between yeast in humans and the natural environments remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it is often difficult to identify or exclude the origins of disease-causing yeast from specific environmental reservoirs. In this study, we compared the yeast isolates from tree hollows and from clinics in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Our surveys and analyses showed significant differences in yeast species composition, in their temporal dynamics, and in yeast genotypes between isolates from tree hollows and hospitals. Our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that yeast from trees constitute a significant source of pathogenic yeast in humans in this region. Similarly, the yeast in humans and clinics do not appear to contribute to yeast in tree hollows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carvalho
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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The gut of Guatemalan passalid beetles: a habitat colonized by cellobiose- and xylose-fermenting yeasts. FUNGAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Postma F, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz W, Stone W, Mouton M, Botha A. Symbiotic interactions of culturable microbes with the nickel hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii and the herbivorous insect Chrysolina clathrata. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Calderón-Cortés N, Quesada M, Watanabe H, Cano-Camacho H, Oyama K. Endogenous Plant Cell Wall Digestion: A Key Mechanism in Insect Evolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing view that insects lack endogenous enzymes for plant cell wall (PCW) digestion had led to the hypothesis that PCW digestion evolved independently in different insect taxa through the establishment of symbiotic relationships with microorganisms. However, recent studies reporting endogenous PCW-degrading genes and enzymes for several insects, including phylogenetically basal insects and closely related arthropod groups, challenge this hypothesis. Here, we summarize the molecular and biochemical evidence on the mechanisms of PCW digestion in insects to analyze its evolutionary pathways. The evidence reveals that the symbiotic-independent mechanism may be the ancestral mechanism for PCW digestion. We discuss the implications of this alternative hypothesis in the evolution of plant-insect interactions and suggest that changes in the composition of lignocellulolytic complexes were involved in the evolution of feeding habits and diet specializations in insects, playing important roles in the evolution of plant-insect interactions and in the diversification of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Calderón-Cortés
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 58190, Michoacán, México;, ,
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 58190, Michoacán, México;, ,
| | - Hirofumi Watanabe
- Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Horacio Cano-Camacho
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58262, Michoacán, México
| | - Ken Oyama
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 58190, Michoacán, México;, ,
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48
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Sipiczki M. Detection of yeast species also occurring in substrates associated with animals and identification of a novel dimorphic species in Verbascum flowers from Georgia. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:567-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Cryptococcus nanyangensis sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast isolated from the gut of wood-boring larvae. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:617-21. [PMID: 22886400 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two strains of a novel basidiomycetous yeast species were isolated from the gut of wood-boring larvae collected in the Baotianman Nature Reserve, the central China. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions showed that these yeasts belong to the Bulleromyces clade and formed a cluster together with eleven undescribed Cryptococcus species. The novel species differed from its closest known species, Cryptococcus rajasthanensis, by 3.3 % divergence (15 substitutions and 6 gaps over 630 bases) in the D1/D2 domains, and by 13.4 % divergence (41 substitutions and 27 gaps over 508 bases) in the ITS regions. Physiologically, the fermentation of glucose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose, and raffinose in Durham tubes was observed for the strains of this new yeast. Based on the phenotypical and molecular characteristics presented, the two strains are proposed as a new species, Cryptococcus nanyangensis sp. nov., with the type strain KCY-1(T) (=CICC 1976(T) = CBS 12474(T)).
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Limtong S, Koowadjanakul N, Jindamorakot S, Yongmanitchai W, Nakase T. Candida sirachaensis sp. nov. and Candida sakaeoensis sp. nov. two anamorphic yeast species from phylloplane in Thailand. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:221-9. [PMID: 22456793 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three strains (LM008(T), LM068 and LM078(T)), representing two novel yeast species were isolated from the phylloplane of three plant species by an enrichment technique. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene and the internal spacer region, the three strains were assigned as two novel Candida species. Strain LM008(T) was assigned to be Candida sirachaensis sp. nov. (type strain LM008(T) = BCC 47628(T) = NBRC 108605(T) CBS 12094(T)) in the Starmerella clade. Two strains (LM068 and LM078(T)) represent a single species in the Lodderomyces-Spathaspora clade for which the name Candida sakaeoensis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain LM078(T) = BCC 47632(T) = NBRC 108895(T) = CBS 12318(T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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