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Mogi M, Liu S. Animal Models of Vasculitis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2766:271-280. [PMID: 38270887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3682-4_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RV) is associated with considerable mortality; therefore, understanding the basic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of vasculitis is very important. Animal models of vasculitis have contributed to elucidating such mechanisms. We here introduce a Candida albicans water-soluble glycoprotein (CAWS)-induced vasculitis model and the methodological approach to evaluate inflammatory vascular change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Motoji Y, Fukazawa R, Matsui R, Abe Y, Uehara I, Watanabe M, Hashimoto Y, Miyagi Y, Nagi-Miura N, Tanaka N, Ishii Y. Statins Show Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects by Improving Endothelial Cell Function in a Kawasaki Disease-like Vasculitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416108. [PMID: 36555746 PMCID: PMC9780952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory syndrome of unknown etiology that is complicated by cardiovascular sequelae. Chronic inflammation (vasculitis) due to KD might cause vascular cellular senescence and vascular endothelial cell damage, and is a potential cause of atherosclerosis in young adults. This study examined the effect of KD and HMG-CoA inhibitors (statins) on vascular cellular senescence and vascular endothelial cells. Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS) was administered intraperitoneally to 5-week-old male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-) mice to induce KD-like vasculitis. The mice were then divided into three groups: control, CAWS, and CAWS+statin groups. Ten weeks after injection, the mice were sacrificed and whole aortic tissue specimens were collected. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the ascending aortic intima epithelium was evaluated using immunostaining. In addition, eNOS expression and levels of cellular senescence markers were measured in RNA and proteins extracted from whole aortic tissue. KD-like vasculitis impaired vascular endothelial cells that produce eNOS, which maintains vascular homeostasis, and promoted macrophage infiltration into the tissue. Statins also restored vascular endothelial cell function by promoting eNOS expression. Statins may be used to prevent secondary cardiovascular events during the chronic phase of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Motoji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3822-2131
| | - Ryosuke Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Abe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Ikuno Uehara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Drummond RA, Desai JV, Hsu AP, Oikonomou V, Vinh DC, Acklin JA, Abers MS, Walkiewicz MA, Anzick SL, Swamydas M, Vautier S, Natarajan M, Oler AJ, Yamanaka D, Mayer-Barber KD, Iwakura Y, Bianchi D, Driscoll B, Hauck K, Kline A, Viall NS, Zerbe CS, Ferré EM, Schmitt MM, DiMaggio T, Pittaluga S, Butman JA, Zelazny AM, Shea YR, Arias CA, Ashbaugh C, Mahmood M, Temesgen Z, Theofiles AG, Nigo M, Moudgal V, Bloch KC, Kelly SG, Whitworth MS, Rao G, Whitener CJ, Mafi N, Gea-Banacloche J, Kenyon LC, Miller WR, Boggian K, Gilbert A, Sincock M, Freeman AF, Bennett JE, Hasbun R, Mikelis CM, Kwon-Chung KJ, Belkaid Y, Brown GD, Lim JK, Kuhns DB, Holland SM, Lionakis MS. Human Dectin-1 deficiency impairs macrophage-mediated defense against phaeohyphomycosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159348. [PMID: 36377664 PMCID: PMC9663159 DOI: 10.1172/jci159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis typically affects immunocompetent individuals following traumatic inoculation. Severe or disseminated infection can occur in CARD9 deficiency or after transplantation, but the mechanisms protecting against phaeohyphomycosis remain unclear. We evaluated a patient with progressive, refractory Corynespora cassiicola phaeohyphomycosis and found that he carried biallelic deleterious mutations in CLEC7A encoding the CARD9-coupled, β-glucan-binding receptor, Dectin-1. The patient's PBMCs failed to produce TNF-α and IL-1β in response to β-glucan and/or C. cassiicola. To confirm the cellular and molecular requirements for immunity against C. cassiicola, we developed a mouse model of this infection. Mouse macrophages required Dectin-1 and CARD9 for IL-1β and TNF-α production, which enhanced fungal killing in an interdependent manner. Deficiency of either Dectin-1 or CARD9 was associated with more severe fungal disease, recapitulating the human observation. Because these data implicated impaired Dectin-1 responses in susceptibility to phaeohyphomycosis, we evaluated 17 additional unrelated patients with severe forms of the infection. We found that 12 out of 17 carried deleterious CLEC7A mutations associated with an altered Dectin-1 extracellular C-terminal domain and impaired Dectin-1-dependent cytokine production. Thus, we show that Dectin-1 and CARD9 promote protective TNF-α- and IL-1β-mediated macrophage defense against C. cassiicola. More broadly, we demonstrate that human Dectin-1 deficiency may contribute to susceptibility to severe phaeohyphomycosis by certain dematiaceous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy P. Hsu
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Donald C. Vinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), and Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program, Research Institute-MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua A. Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah L. Anzick
- Research Technologies Branches, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - David Bianchi
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Driscoll
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken Hauck
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Christa S. Zerbe
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Adrian M. Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne R. Shea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cesar A. Arias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cameron Ashbaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zelalem Temesgen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Masayuki Nigo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Moudgal
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen C. Bloch
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean G. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cindy J. Whitener
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neema Mafi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lawrence C. Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R. Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Infectious Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katia Boggian
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gilbert
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kawasaki Disease-like Vasculitis Facilitates Atherosclerosis, and Statin Shows a Significant Antiatherosclerosis and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in a Kawasaki Disease Model Mouse. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081794. [PMID: 35892695 PMCID: PMC9330289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute form of systemic vasculitis that may promote atherosclerosis in adulthood. This study examined the relationships between KD, atherosclerosis, and the long-term effects of HMG-CoA inhibitors (statins). Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS) was injected intraperitoneally into 5-week-old male apolipoprotein-E-deficient (Apo E-/-) mice to create KD-like vasculitis. Mice were divided into 4 groups: the control, CAWS, CAWS+statin, and late-statin groups. They were sacrificed at 6 or 10 weeks after injection. Statin was started after CAWS injection in all groups except the late-statin group, which was administered statin internally 6 weeks after injection. Lipid plaque lesions on the aorta were evaluated with Oil Red O. The aortic root and abdominal aorta were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining. CAWS vasculitis significantly enhanced aortic atherosclerosis and inflammatory cell invasion into the aortic root and abdominal aorta. Statins significantly inhibited atherosclerosis and inflammatory cell invasion, including macrophages. CAWS vasculitis, a KD-like vasculitis, promoted atherosclerosis in Apo E-/- mice. The long-term oral administration of statin significantly suppressed not only atherosclerosis but also inflammatory cell infiltration. Therefore, statin treatment may be used for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events during the chronic phase of KD.
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Abstract
Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that show complex life cycles, including both anamorph and teleomorph stages. Beta-1,3-1,6-glucans (BGs) are major cell wall components in fungi. BGs are also found in a soluble form and are secreted by fungal cells. Studies of fungal BGs extensively expanded from 1960 to 1990 due to their applications in cancer immunotherapy. However, progress in this field slowed down due to the low efficacy of such therapies. In the early 21st century, the discovery of C-type lectin receptors significantly enhanced the molecular understanding of innate immunity. Moreover, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were also discovered. Soon, dectin-1 was identified as the PRR of BGs, whereas BGs were established as PAMPs. Then, studies on fungal BGs focused on their participation in the development of deep-seated mycoses and on their role as a source of functional foods. Fungal BGs may have numerous and complex linkages, making it difficult to systematize them even at the primary structure level. Moreover, elucidating the structure of BGs is largely hindered by the multiplicity of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including those for BGs, and by fungal diversity. The present review mainly focused on the characteristics of fungal BGs from the viewpoint of structure and immunological activities.
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Kanno T, Kim C, Yamanaka D, Ishibashi KI, Tanaka H, Ohno N, Adachi Y. Possibility of Japanese Cedar Pollen Causing False Positives in the Deep Mycosis Test. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042135. [PMID: 33669963 PMCID: PMC7924878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) contains beta-1,3-d-glucan (BG), there is concern that its lingering presence in the atmosphere, especially during its scattering period, may cause false positives in the factor-G-based Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay used to test for deep mycosis (i.e., G-test). Hence, we examined whether the LAL assay would react positively with substances contained in JCP by using the G-test to measure JCP particles and extracts. BG was purified from the JCP extract on a BG-specific affinity column, and the percentage extractability was measured using three different BG-specific quantitative methods. The G-test detected 0.4 pg BG in a single JCP particle and 10 fg from a single particle in the extract. The percentage extractability of JCP-derived BG was not significantly different among the three quantitative methods. As the JCP particles should technically have been removed during serum separation, they should be less likely to be a direct false-positive factor. However, given that the LAL-assay-positive substances in the JCP extract were not distinguishable by the three BG-specific quantitative methods, we conclude that they may cause the background to rise. Therefore, in Japan false positives arising from JCP contamination should be considered when testing patients for deep mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (T.K.); (C.K.); (D.Y.); (N.O.)
| | - Changmin Kim
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (T.K.); (C.K.); (D.Y.); (N.O.)
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (T.K.); (C.K.); (D.Y.); (N.O.)
| | - Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Department of Host Defense and Responses, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H101, Oookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (T.K.); (C.K.); (D.Y.); (N.O.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (T.K.); (C.K.); (D.Y.); (N.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-5599
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Tanaka H, Yanai C, Miura NN, Ishibashi KI, Yamanaka D, Ohnishi H, Ohno N, Adachi Y. Coronary Vasculitis Induced in Mice by Cell Wall Mannoprotein Fractions of Clinically Isolated Candida Species. Med Mycol J 2020; 61:33-48. [PMID: 32863327 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.20-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory disease that was identified by Professor Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1961. Candida albicans-derived substances (CADS) such as the hot water extract of C. albicans and Candida water-soluble fractions (CAWS) induce coronary vasculitis similar to KD in mice. An increasing proportion of deep-seated candidiasis cases are caused by non-albicans Candida and are often resistant to antifungal drugs. We herein investigated whether the mannoprotein fractions (MN fractions) of clinically isolated Candida species induce vasculitis in mice. We prepared MN fractions from 26 strains of Candida species by conventional hot water extraction and compared vasculitis in DBA/2 mice. The results obtained revealed that the induction of vasculitis and resulting heart failure were significantly dependent on the species; namely, death rates on day 200 were as follows: Candida krusei (100%), Candida albicans (84%), Candida dubliniensis (47%), Candida parapsilosis (44%), Candida glabrata (32%), Candida guilliermondii (20%), and Candida tropicalis (20%). Even for C. albicans, some strains did not induce vasculitis. The present results suggest that MN-induced vasculitis is strongly dependent on the species and strains of Candida, and also that the MN fractions of some non-albicans Candida induce similar toxicity to those of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences.,Department of Pharmacy, Kyorin University Hospital
| | - Chiho Yanai
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Noriko N Miura
- Center for Pharmaceutical Education, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Ken-Ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Yamanaka D, Takatsu K, Kimura M, Swamydas M, Ohnishi H, Umeyama T, Oyama F, Lionakis MS, Ohno N. Development of a novel β-1,6-glucan-specific detection system using functionally-modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5362-5376. [PMID: 32132174 PMCID: PMC7170528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-d-Glucan is a ubiquitous glucose polymer produced by plants, bacteria, and most fungi. It has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with invasive mycoses via a highly-sensitive reagent consisting of the blood coagulation system of horseshoe crab. However, no method is currently available for measuring β-1,6-glucan, another primary β-glucan structure of fungal polysaccharides. Herein, we describe the development of an economical and highly-sensitive and specific assay for β-1,6-glucan using a modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase having diminished glucan hydrolase activity. The purified β-1,6-glucanase derivative bound to the β-1,6-glucan pustulan with a KD of 16.4 nm We validated the specificity of this β-1,6-glucan probe by demonstrating its ability to detect cell wall β-1,6-glucan from both yeast and hyphal forms of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, without any detectable binding to glucan lacking the long β-1,6-glucan branch. We developed a sandwich ELISA-like assay with a low limit of quantification for pustulan (1.5 pg/ml), and we successfully employed this assay in the quantification of extracellular β-1,6-glucan released by >250 patient-derived strains of different Candida species (including Candida auris) in culture supernatant in vitro We also used this assay to measure β-1,6-glucan in vivo in the serum and in several organs in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. Our work describes a reliable method for β-1,6-glucan detection, which may prove useful for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Kazushiro Takatsu
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC2), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Umeyama
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Uchimura R, Ueda T, Fukazawa R, Hayakawa J, Ohashi R, Nagi-Miura N, Ohno N, Migita M, Itoh Y. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells suppress coronary arteritis of Kawasaki disease in vivo. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:14-21. [PMID: 31758839 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic inflammatory disease resulting in an acute febrile syndrome commonly affecting children younger than 5 years. Coronary arteritis in KD is occasionally non-responsive to several treatments. Recently, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and tissue-repair characteristics and are considered a useful treatment for inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the administration of ADSCs can suppress KD-associated vasculitis in vivo. METHODS Candida albicans water-soluble fraction is often used to model KD via the induction of severe coronary arteritis. Kawasaki disease model mice were intravenously administered ADSCs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). On day 29, the mice were sacrificed and hearts from mice in each group were dissected. This was followed by serum collection. Cardiac tissue sections were subjected to histopathological examination to evaluate the inflammatory area. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum were analyzed at days 15 and 29. The survival rates of both groups were compared. RESULTS The mean inflammatory area in coronary arteritis was significantly lower in the ADSC group compared to the PBS group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17, RANTES, INF-γ, and TNF-α, in the ADSC group were significantly lower than those in the PBS group. Moreover, the ADSC group had a significantly higher survival rate than the PBS group. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that ADSCs have anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory functions that could provide novel cell-based therapeutic strategies for severe KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Uchimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Migita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan
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Hashimoto Y, Fukazawa R, Nagi-Miura N, Ohno N, Suzuki N, Katsube Y, Kamisago M, Akao M, Watanabe M, Hashimoto K, Tsuno K, Matsui R, Itoh Y. Interleukin-1beta Inhibition Attenuates Vasculitis in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease. J NIPPON MED SCH 2019; 86:108-116. [PMID: 31130561 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2019_86-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD), a systemic vasculitis, is suspected to be related to abnormalities in innate immunity. Based on the important role of IL-1 signaling in innate immunity, we investigated the effects of an anti-IL-1β antibody using a Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced mouse model of KD. METHODS CAWS (0.5 mg/mouse) was injected intraperitoneally into 5-week-old DBA/2 mice on five consecutive days. An anti-Murine IL-1β antibody (01BSUR) was administered at various doses (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg) and time points (2 days before, same day, and 2, 5, 7, and 14 days after CAWS administration). After 4 weeks, vasculitis in the aortic root was investigated histologically. Cytokines including IL-1β, -6, -10, and TNF-α were also measured. RESULTS Groups administered 01BSUR at all doses showed a significant reduction in the area of vasculitis. In addition, 01BSUR inhibited vasculitis until 7 days after CAWS administration. In the analysis of various time points, the level of IL-6 was lower in all groups compared to the CAWS only group, but the levels of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-10 were lower when 01BSUR was administered before CAWS. On the other hand, TNFα and IL-10 levels were restored when 01BSUR was administered after CAWS, suggesting that 01BSUR may have additional effects beyond blocking IL-1β signaling. CONCLUSIONS The anti-IL-1β antibody significantly attenuated CAWS-induced vasculitis. The mechanism of inhibiting vasculitis is thought to include inhibition of the IL-1β pathway and additional effects beyond blocking IL-1β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Miharu Akao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School
| | | | | | - Kanae Tsuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School
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11
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Miyabe C, Miyabe Y, Nagai J, Miura NN, Ohno N, Chun J, Tsuboi R, Ueda H, Miyasaka M, Miyasaka N, Nanki T. Abrogation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 ameliorates murine vasculitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:191. [PMID: 31429784 PMCID: PMC6702724 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), generated by autotaxin (ATX), is a bioactive lipid mediator that binds to the receptors (LPA1–6), and serves as an important mediator in inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that LPA-LPA1 cascade contributes to arthritis and skin sclerosis. In this study, we examined the role of LPA signals in murine Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced vasculitis. Methods ATX and LPA receptor expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Effects of LPA1 inhibition on CAWS-induced vasculitis were evaluated in LPA1-deficient mice or using an LPA1 antagonist, LA-01. Migration activity was assessed using a chemotaxis chamber. The number of migrated fluorescently labeled neutrophils, which were transferred into the vasculitis mice, was counted in the aortic wall. CXCL1 and IL-8 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results ATX and LPA1 were highly expressed in the inflamed region of CAWS-induced vasculitis. Severity of the vasculitis in LPA1-deficient mice was suppressed. The LPA1 antagonist, LA-01, also ameliorated the CAWS-induced vasculitis. LPA induced neutrophil migration, which was inhibited by LA-01 in vitro. Infiltration of transferred neutrophils from LPA1-deficient mice into the coronary arteries was suppressed. LA-01 also inhibited the infiltration of wild-type neutrophils. Expression of CXCL1 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells was enhanced by LPA, but was inhibited by LA-01. ATX and LPA1 expression levels were higher in the affected skin region of vasculitis patients than in healthy controls. Conclusions These results suggest that LPA-LPA1 signaling contributes to the development of vasculitis via chemoattractant production from endothelial cells followed by neutrophil recruitment. Thus, LPA1 has potential as a novel target for vasculitis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Miyabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Division of Molecular and Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko N Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryoji Tsuboi
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Division of Molecular and Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Research Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
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12
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Miyabe C, Miyabe Y, Bricio-Moreno L, Lian J, Rahimi RA, Miura NN, Ohno N, Iwakura Y, Kawakami T, Luster AD. Dectin-2-induced CCL2 production in tissue-resident macrophages ignites cardiac arteritis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3610-3624. [PMID: 31169521 DOI: 10.1172/jci123778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental triggers, including those from pathogens, are thought to play an important role in triggering autoimmune diseases, such as vasculitis, in genetically susceptible individuals. The mechanism by which activation of the innate immune system contributes to vessel-specific autoimmunity in vasculitis is not known. Systemic administration of Candida albicans water-soluble extract (CAWS) induces vasculitis in the aortic root and coronary arteries of mice that mimics human Kawasaki disease. We found that Dectin-2 signaling in macrophages resident in the aortic root of the heart induced early CCL2 production and the initial recruitment of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes (iMo) into the aortic root and coronary arteries. iMo differentiated into monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) in the vessel wall and were induced to release IL-1β in a Dectin-2-Syk-NLRP3 inflammasome dependent pathway. IL-1β then activated cardiac endothelial cells to express CXCL1 and CCL2 and adhesion molecules that induced neutrophil and further iMo recruitment and accumulation in the aortic root and coronary arteries. Our findings demonstrate that Dectin-2-mediated induction of CCL2 production by macrophages resident in the aortic root and coronary arteries initiates vascular inflammation in a model of Kawasaki disease, suggesting an important role for the innate immune system in initiating vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Bricio-Moreno
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lian
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noriko N Miura
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tamihiro Kawakami
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Katayama M, Ota K, Nagi-Miura N, Ohno N, Yabuta N, Nojima H, Kumanogoh A, Hirano T. Ficolin-1 is a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Int Immunol 2019; 31:23-32. [PMID: 30169661 PMCID: PMC6364620 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that mRNA expression of ficolin-1 (FCN1), a component of the complement lectin pathway, is elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with vasculitis syndrome, and that FCN1-positive cells infiltrate into inflamed regions in patient specimens. In addition, we reported that the serum FCN1 concentration is elevated in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), a pediatric vasculitis, but dramatically decreases after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. Furthermore, we showed that FCN1 binds to IgG1 in a pull-down assay. These results suggested that removal of FCN1 may be a therapeutic mechanism of IVIG. In this study, we prepared anti-FCN1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and examined its therapeutic potential in mice treated with Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS), which induces KD-like vasculitis in the coronary artery. Indeed, treatment with anti-FCN1 mAb decreased the histological score of vasculitis (P = 0.03). To investigate the role of FCN1, we assessed blood samples of patients with various autoimmune diseases and demonstrated that serum levels of FCN1 were elevated not only in patients with vasculitis, but also in those with rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, FCN1-targeted treatment of a mouse model of arthritis [collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA)] revealed that administration of anti-FCN1 mAb ameliorated symptoms of arthritis (P < 0.01). These results suggest that FCN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and that targeting FCN1 represents a promising strategy for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Katayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Ota
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Center for the Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Yabuta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Production of low-molecular weight soluble yeast β-glucan by an acid degradation method. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2269-2278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The diagnosis of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RV) is associated with considerable mortality; therefore, understanding the basic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of vasculitis is very important. Animal models of vasculitis have contributed to elucidating such mechanisms. We here introduce a Candida albicans water-soluble (CAWS) glycoprotein-induced vasculitis model and the methodological approach to evaluate inflammatory vascular change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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16
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Ohashi R, Fukazawa R, Watanabe M, Hashimoto K, Suzuki N, Nagi-Miura N, Ohno N, Shimizu A, Itoh Y. Characterization of a murine model with arteritis induced by Nod1 ligand, FK565: A comparative study with a CAWS-induced model. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:1024-1030. [PMID: 28150515 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2017.1287150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) occurs via activation of the innate immune system. Nucleotide oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) is a pattern recognition receptor regulating the innate immunity. We characterized histopathology of arteritis induced by FK565, a ligand for NOD1, in mice, compared with Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced model. METHODS Vasculitis was induced by injection of FK565 or CAWS into C57BL6/J mice (n = 9 and n = 11, respectively). At 4 weeks, they were sacrificed, and plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured. RESULTS FK565 injection induced vasculitis mainly involving bilateral coronary arteries whereas the aortic root was diffusely affected in CAWS mice. In FK565 animals, the abdominal aorta and its branching arteries also exhibited inflammation with atherosclerosis. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5 and RANTES were increased in FK565 group whereas IL-6, IL-13, G-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were higher in CAWS animals (p < .05 for all variables). The total area of inflammation in FK565 mice appeared to correlate with IL-1β levels (r = 0.71, p = .05). CONCLUSIONS Histopathology of FK565-induced model demonstrated 'site-specific' coronary arteritis mimicking KD. This histopathological difference from CAWS model may be due to different cytokine expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohashi
- a Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Nippon Medical School Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukazawa
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuko Suzuki
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- c Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- c Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- d Department of Analytic Human Pathology , Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Itoh
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
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17
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Bölük G, Kazak E, Özkalemkaş F, Ener B, Akalin H, Ağca H, Okuturlar Y, Keskin K, Burgazlioğlu B, Ali R. Comparison of galactomannan, beta-D-glucan, and Aspergillus DNA in sera of high-risk adult patients with hematological malignancies for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:335-42. [PMID: 27511494 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1408-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a fatal infection that is difficult to diagnose in immunocompromised patients. In this study, Aspergillus-specific DNA was searched using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in serum samples. Galactomannan (GM) and/or beta-D-glucan (BDG) tests were previously performed on these samples for 70 neutropenic patients with hematological malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients were categorized according to the criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). Among the patient serum samples, the first positive GM or BDG test sample and the median sample of GM or BDG test for negative patients were used to detect DNA levels by RT-PCR method (Light Cycler 480, Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Meylan, France) using a commercial kit (Way2Gene Fungi; Genmar, İzmir, Turkey). RESULTS When the proven and probable IA group were considered as real patients, sensitivity of Aspergillus-specific DNA test was 90%, specificity was 73.3%, positive predictive value was 81.8%, and negative predictive value was 84.6%. CONCLUSION This study found that searching for specific DNA by RT-PCR method has a sensitivity as high as the GM test. Although specificity was rather low, it was concluded that it can be used jointly with GM and BDG tests after decreasing contamination by severe laboratory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülçin Bölük
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Kazak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fahir Özkalemkaş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Beyza Ener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Halis Akalin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Harun Ağca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Okuturlar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kürşad Keskin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicabil Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Rıdvan Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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Ishibashi K, Fukazawa R, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ogawa S, Ohno N. Diagnostic potential of antibody titres against Candida cell wall β-glucan in Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:161-7. [PMID: 24635107 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis syndrome of unknown aetiology in children. The administration of Candida cell wall antigens induced KD-like coronary vasculitis in mice. However, the responses of KD patients to Candida cell wall antigen are unknown. In this study, we examined the response of KD patients to β-glucan (BG), one of the major fungal cell wall antigens, by measuring the anti-BG titre. In KD patients, the anti-C. albicans cell wall BG titre was higher than that in normal children. The anti-BG titre was also higher in KD patients compared to children who served as control subjects. The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in KD is well established. We categorized the KD patients into three groups according to the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and compared the anti-BG titre among these groups. Anti-BG titres were similar in the control group and the non-responsive group. In the fully responsive group, the anti-BG titre showed higher values than those in the normal children. This study demonstrated clinically that KD patients have high antibody titres to Candida cell wall BG, and suggested the involvement of Candida cell wall BG in the pathogenesis of KD. The relationship between IVIG therapy and anti-BG titre was also shown. These results provide valuable insights into the therapy and diagnosis of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Hamaoka-Okamoto A, Suzuki C, Yahata T, Ikeda K, Nagi-Miura N, Ohno N, Arai Y, Tanaka H, Takamatsu T, Hamaoka K. The involvement of the vasa vasorum in the development of vasculitis in animal model of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014; 12:12. [PMID: 24678599 PMCID: PMC3986644 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki Disease (KD) involves a diffuse and systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly affects infants and children. Although a considerable number of analyses of the clinical, histopathological and molecular biological details underlying the mechanism responsible for the development of coronary arterial lesions, it is still poorly understood.The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and the distribution of blood vessels using an animal model of KD like vasculitis. We investigated the involvement of the vasa vasorum from the adventitia in the vascular involvement and the development of the disease state by performing sequential histopathology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro computed tomography (CT) studies using a murine model of vasculitis induced by the Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS). METHODS To prepare the animal model of KD like vasculitis, CAWS was intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6N mice for five consecutive days as reported by Ohno et al. We observed the changes of the vasa vasorum at the aorta and the orifices of the coronary arteries by SEM and micro CT, and also compared the neovascularization at the media and adventitia of the aorta by an immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS As previously reported, obvious inflammation was detected two weeks after the injection of CAWS, and also intimal thickening was observed three weeks after the injection. We found that the vasa vasorum in the adventitia of the aorta was increased in the model mice. The vasa vasorum started increasing one week after the injection of CAWS, before any obvious vasculitis was microscopically detected. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that the vasculitis in Kawasaki disease starts as a disorder of the vasa vasorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hamaoka-Okamoto
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural, University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Chinatsu Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural, University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Yahata
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural, University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ikeda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural, University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arai
- Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamaoka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural, University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y, Miura NN, Ohno N, Okawara AI, Murata H, Naoe S, Suzuki K. Administration of human immunoglobulin suppresses development of murine systemic vasculitis induced withCandida albicanswater-soluble fraction: an animal model of Kawasaki disease. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Hirata N, Ishibashi KI, Sato W, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohta S, Ohno N. β-mannosyl linkages inhibit CAWS arteritis by negatively regulating dectin-2-dependent signaling in spleen and dendritic cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:594-604. [PMID: 23981001 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.830124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CAWS, Candida albicans water-soluble fraction, is an extracellular mannoprotein produced by C. albicans NBRC1385. It is a ligand of dectin-2, the C-type lectin receptor for innate immunity, and has strong potency for induction of vasculitis in DBA/2 mice. The structure of this mannoprotein is known to be modulated by the culture conditions. To clarify the structure required for vasculitis, CAWSs were prepared in the two culture conditions with or without pH control, and biological properties were compared. METHODS CAWSs prepared by the standard protocol and pH controlled at 7.0 were designated as CAWS and CAWS727, respectively. The antigenicity was detected by the anti-Candida mannan IgG. These chemical structures were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and the lectin array system. The in vitro activity of CAWSs was tested by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induction using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and spleen cell cultures. RESULTS The antigenicity of CAWS727 was similar to CAWS but the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed a higher ratio of β-mannosyl linkages were detected in CAWS727. The lectin array showed relative affinities of CAWS727 to α-mannosyl specific lectins were weaker than those of CAWS. CAWS induced severe vasculitis in DBA/2 mice while CAWS727 did not. CAWS significantly induced TNF-α but CAWS727 did slightly. In addition, CAWS-induced TNF-α production was inhibited by mixing with CAWS727 in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION The α-mannosyl linkages of Candida mannan is a key molecule for the immunotoxicity. CAWS727, which conatins β-mannosyl linkages, competitively bound to lectin receptors, and resulted in reductions in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hirata
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagano Red Cross Hospital , Nagano , Japan
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22
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Miyabe C, Miyabe Y, Miura NN, Takahashi K, Terashima Y, Toda E, Honda F, Morio T, Yamagata N, Ohno N, Shudo K, Suzuki JI, Isobe M, Matsushima K, Tsuboi R, Miyasaka N, Nanki T. Am80, a retinoic acid receptor agonist, ameliorates murine vasculitis through the suppression of neutrophil migration and activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 23203767 DOI: 10.1002/art.37784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vasculitis is characterized by leukocyte infiltration in the vessel walls, with destructive damage to mural structures. Retinoids are compounds that bind to retinoic acid receptors and exert biologic activities similar to those of vitamin A, including modulatory effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. This study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic effects of a synthetic retinoid, Am80, in a murine model of vasculitis induced by Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS). METHODS Vasculitis was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of CAWS. Neutrophils were depleted by injection of antineutrophil antibody-positive serum. Am80 was administered orally once daily. Vasculitis was evaluated histologically. Migration of labeled adoptively transferred cells was quantified. Chemotaxis was assessed by cell mobility analysis. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of MAPKs were measured by flow cytometry. Concentrations of elastase were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Administration of CAWS induced vasculitis in the coronary arteries and aortic root, with abundant neutrophil infiltration. Depletion of neutrophils reduced CAWS-induced vasculitis. Treatment with Am80 led to a significant attenuation of the vasculitis score and inhibition of the migration of transferred neutrophils into the site of vasculitis. In vitro, Am80 suppressed fMLP-induced chemotaxis of human peripheral blood neutrophils. ROS production and elastase release by stimulated neutrophils were reduced by AM80 treatment, and Am80 also inhibited phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and p38 in neutrophils stimulated with fMLP plus lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION Am80 significantly suppressed CAWS-induced vasculitis. This effect was presumably exerted via inhibition of neutrophil migration and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Miyabe
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University and Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Etanercept suppresses arteritis in a murine model of kawasaki disease: a comparative study involving different biological agents. Int J Vasc Med 2013; 2013:543141. [PMID: 23606968 PMCID: PMC3626397 DOI: 10.1155/2013/543141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary arteritis, a complication of Kawasaki disease (KD), can be refractory to immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. To determine the most effective alternative therapy, we compared the efficacy of different agents in a mouse model of KD. Vasculitis was induced by injection of Candida albicans water-soluble fractions (CAWS) into a DBA/2 mouse, followed by administration of IVIG, etanercept, methylprednisolone (MP), and cyclosporine-A (CsA). At 2 and 4 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured. CAWS injection induced active inflammation in the aortic root and coronary arteries. At 2 weeks, the vasculitis was reduced only by etanercept, and this effect persisted for the subsequent 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, IVIG and CsA also attenuated the inflammation, but the effect of etanercept was more significant. MP exerted no apparent effect at 2 or 4 weeks. The suppressive effect exerted by etanercept on cytokines, such as interleukin- (IL-)6, IL-12, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), was more evident than that of others. The extent of arteritis correlated with the plasma TNF-α levels, suggesting a pivotal role of TNF-α in KD. In conclusion, etanercept was most effective in suppressing CAWS-induced vasculitis and can be a new therapeutic intervention for KD.
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Ueno K, Okawara A, Yamagoe S, Naka T, Umeyama T, Utena-Abe Y, Tarumoto N, Niimi M, Ohno H, Doe M, Fujiwara N, Kinjo Y, Miyazaki Y. The mannan of Candida albicans lacking β-1,2-linked oligomannosides increases the production of inflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells. Med Mycol 2012; 51:385-95. [PMID: 23101887 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.733892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannans are mannose polymers attached to cell wall proteins in all Candida species, including the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Mannans are sensed by pattern recognition receptors expressed on innate immune cells. However, the detailed structural patterns affecting immune sensing are not fully understood because mannans have a complex structure that includes α- and β-mannosyl linkages. In this study, we focused on the β-1,2-mannosides of N-linked mannan in C. albicans because this moiety is not present in the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To investigate the impact of β-1,2-mannosides on immune sensing, we constructed a C. albicans ∆mnn4/∆bmt1 double deletant. Thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that the deletant lacked β-1,2-mannosides in N-linked mannan. Mannans lacking the β-1,2-mannosides induced the production of higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α, in mice dendritic cells compared to wild-type mannan. Our data show that β-1,2-mannosides in N-linked mannan reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ueno
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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A Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Complicated by CAWS Arteritis in DBA/2 Mice. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:570297. [PMID: 22830029 PMCID: PMC3399367 DOI: 10.1155/2012/570297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported previously that a Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS), including a mannoprotein and β-glucan complex, has strong potency in inducing fatal necrotizing arteritis in DBA/2 mice. In this study, histopathological changes and cardiac function were investigated in this system. One mg/day of CAWS was given to DBA/2 mice via peritoneal injection for five days. The CAWS-treated DBA/2 mice were induced aortitis and died at an incidence of 100% within several weeks. Histological findings included stenosis in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and severe inflammatory changes of the aortic valve with fibrinoid necrosis. Cardiomegaly was observed and heart weight increased 1.62 fold (P < 0.01). Echocardiography revealed a severe reduction in contractility and dilatation of the cavity in the left ventricle (LV): LV fractional shortening (LVFS) decreased from 71% to 38% (P < 0.01), and the LV end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) increased from 2.21 mm to 3.26 mm (P < 0.01). The titer of BNP mRNA increased in the CAWS-treated group. Severe inflammatory changes resulting from CAWS brought about lethal LV dysfunction by aortic valve deformation with LVOT stenosis. This system is proposed as an easy and useful experimental model of heart failure because CAWS arteritis can be induced by CAWS injection alone.
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Su HS, Nahrendorf M, Panizzi P, Breckwoldt MO, Rodriguez E, Iwamoto Y, Aikawa E, Weissleder R, Chen JW. Vasculitis: molecular imaging by targeting the inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase. Radiology 2011; 262:181-90. [PMID: 22084204 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if a molecular imaging approach targeting the highly oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) can help noninvasively identify and confirm sites of vascular wall inflammation in a murine model of vasculitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal experiments were approved by the institutional animal care committee. Twenty-six mice were studied, including eight MPO-deficient and six sham-operated mice as controls. Vasculitis was induced with intraperitoneal injection of Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS). Aortic root magnetic resonance imaging was performed after intravenous injection of the activatable MPO sensor (bis-5-hydroxytryptamide-diethylenetriaminepentatacetate gadolinium) (n = 23), referred to as MPO-Gd, or gadopentetate dimeglumine (n = 10). Seven mice were randomly assigned to receive either MPO-Gd or gadopentetate dimeglumine first. Aortic root specimens were collected for biochemical and histopathologic analyses to validate imaging findings. Statistical significance was calculated for contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) by using the paired t test. RESULTS In the aortic root, the mean MPO-Gd CNRs after agent injection (CNR = 28.1) were more than 2.5-fold higher than those of sham-operated mice imaged with MPO-Gd and vasculitis mice imaged with gadopentetate dimeglumine (CNR = 10.6) (P < .05). MPO-Gd MR imaging helped identify areas of vasculitis that were not seen at unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced imaging with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Histopathologic and biochemical analyses for MPO and myeloid cells confirmed imaging findings. In MPO-deficient mice, injection of CAWS did not result in a vasculitis phenotype, implying a key role of the imaging target in disease cause. CONCLUSION Molecular imaging targeting MPO can be a useful biomarker to noninvasively detect and confirm inflammation in vasculitis by using a murine model of Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry S Su
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tada R, Takano Y, Murakami H, Ishibashi KI, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohno N. Vasculitis and anaphylactoid shock in mice induced by the polysaccharide fraction secreted into culture supernatants by the fungus Candida metapsilosis. Microbiol Immunol 2011; 55:357-65. [PMID: 21362025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biological effects of Candida metapsilosis water-soluble fraction (CMWS), prepared using a completely synthesized medium, were examined to determine whether CMWS induces vasculitis similar to that seen in Kawasaki disease, and anaphylactoid shock, in mice. It was found that intraperitoneal injection of CMWS induces coronary arteritis and i.v. injection induces acute anaphylactoid shock in mice, similar to Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced arteritis and anaphylactoid shock. The mannan structure of the polysaccharide fraction was then analyzed by performing antiserum reactivity tests and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The mannan structure was investigated because the present authors have recently found that the mannan moiety within the polysaccharide fraction might be responsible for these pathogenic activities. The structural analysis showed that the mannan structure within CMWS expresses α-mannan residues, but not β-mannan. In addition, the mannan structure of CMWS is quite similar to that of CAWS. The present findings indicate that the polysaccharide fraction from C. metapsilosis, which is mainly composed of mannan, contributes to coronary arteritis and acute shock, and that the mannan structure could be responsible for this pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y, Miura NN, Ohno N, Okawara AI, Murata H, Naoe S, Suzuki K. Administration of human immunoglobulin suppresses development of murine systemic vasculitis induced with Candida albicans water-soluble fraction: an animal model of Kawasaki disease. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 20:160-7. [PMID: 19943075 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effect of human immunoglobulin (h-Ig) on the development of coronary arteritis in a murine model of vasculitis induced with a Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS). CAWS was intraperitoneally injected to C57BL/6 mice for 5 days. Then h-Ig was administered according to various schedules. The animals were sacrificed in week 5, and the status of vasculitis in the coronary arteries and the aortic root was investigated histologically. The groups in which h-Ig was administered for 5 days from day 3 and from day 5 of the experiment showed a significant reduction in the incidence of panvasculitis. In addition, the scope and severity of the inflammation of the aortic root and the coronary arteries were reduced in both groups. In the group administered h-Ig for 5 days from day 1 and the group administered a high dose of h-Ig once on day 1 or day 3, no suppression of development of vasculitis was observed. The h-Ig acted by suppressing the generation and progression of vasculitis in this CAWS-induced murine vasculitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
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Hoshino A, Nagao T, Nagi-Miura N, Ohno N, Yasuhara M, Yamamoto K, Nakayama T, Suzuki K. MPO-ANCA induces IL-17 production by activated neutrophils in vitro via its Fc region- and complement-dependent manner. J Autoimmun 2008; 31:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tada R, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohno N. The influence of culture conditions on vasculitis and anaphylactoid shock induced by fungal pathogen Candida albicans cell wall extract in mice. Microb Pathog 2008; 44:379-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kedzierska A, Kochan P, Pietrzyk A, Kedzierska J. Current status of fungal cell wall components in the immunodiagnostics of invasive fungal infections in humans: galactomannan, mannan and (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan antigens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:755-66. [PMID: 17671803 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of fungal infections and the implementation of appropriate treatment represent major issues for clinicians, nowadays. Histopathological demonstration of microorganisms in tissue specimens or growth of fungal agents in culture media is still considered the "gold standard", but obtaining such specimens may be difficult. Several groups have investigated serological assays for cell wall elements unique to fungal organisms in serum or other body fluids to improve diagnostics in patients with haematological malignancies or undergoing haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. In this review we have concentrated on the currently available assays allowing for detection of highly immunogenic components of fungal cell wall: galactomannan, mannan, and also (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan. Rapid serological tests appear to be useful for screening high-risk haematological patients, since they allow for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections, including infections with the most common pathogens such as Aspergillus and Candida. Based on current literature, factors increasing the probability of obtaining false-positive or false-negative results detected by each test were also analysed and tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kedzierska
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Chair of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Polish-American Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Street, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
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Hirata N, Ishibashi KI, Ohta S, Hata S, Shinohara H, Kitamura M, Miura N, Ohno N. Histopathological Examination and Analysis of Mortality in DBA/2 Mouse Vasculitis Induced with CAWS, a Water-soluble Extracellular Polysaccharide Fraction Obtained from Candida albicans. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:643-50. [PMID: 16880722 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CAWS, a water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide fraction obtained from the culture supernatant of Candida albicans, is one of the fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It has been reported to show potent activity inducing arteritis and coronaritis in mice. Especially, CAWS-induced arteritis has a 100% incidence and severe mortality in the DBA/2 mouse strain. This artificial vasculitis was reported to provide a good murine model of Kawasaki disease and other inflammatory vascular disease. However, severe mortality was observed only in DBA/2 mice, which is a CAWS-sensitive strain. In this study, to clarify the mechanisms of CAWS-induced arteritis and mortality, we investigated microscopic histopathological changes in cardiovascular tissues in DBA/2 mice. Severe inflammatory infiltration was observed from the external elastic lamina in the aorta and proximal coronary arteries within 1 week after CAWS administration. Severe stenosis of the aorta and coronary arteries was observed more than 3 weeks after CAWS administration. Fibrinoid necrosis was observed in these vessel walls. All CAWS-treated mice died between the fifth and twelfth week after administration. Severe inflammatory change with aortic valve transformation suggested that CAWS-treated mice died of valvular endocarditis or cardiac dysfunction. Based on the simple induction method and complete incidence, these data suggest that CAWS-induced arteritis is a good model of not only Kawasaki disease but also other cardiovascular diseases such as valvular endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hirata
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
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Nagi-Miura N, Harada T, Shinohara H, Kurihara K, Adachi Y, Ishida-Okawara A, Oharaseki T, Takahashi K, Naoe S, Suzuki K, Ohno N. Lethal and severe coronary arteritis in DBA/2 mice induced by fungal pathogen, CAWS, Candida albicans water-soluble fraction. Atherosclerosis 2006; 186:310-20. [PMID: 16157343 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 07/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CAWS is a microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by Candida albicans. CAWS is a mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex and secreted into the culture supernatant. CAWS has various biological effects, causing acute shock and disrupting vascular permeability. Intraperitoneal administration of CAWS induces coronary arteritis in various strains of inbred mice. The CAWS-induced coronary arteritis is strain-dependent and most severe in DBA/2 mice with a significant number of these animals expiring with cardiomegaly during the observation period. In vivo and in vitro, splenocytes of DBA/2 mice produced various cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in response to CAWS. GM-CSF was also produced in response to CAWS. The production of cytokines was significantly enhanced in the presence of recombinant GM-CSF. In contrast, anti-GM-CSF significantly reduced the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Augmented production of cytokines in response to CAWS would be a key to the severity of coronary arteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Hida S, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N. Effect of Candida albicans cell wall glucan as adjuvant for induction of autoimmune arthritis in mice. J Autoimmun 2005; 25:93-101. [PMID: 16242302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has aided research into the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. Typically, Type II collagen (CII) emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) is injected into DBA/1 mice. After a booster injection, the mice develop inflammation of the paws. But the fact that the immunization of CII alone does not induce arthritis suggests that activation of the immune system by an adjuvant is necessary for induction of the arthritis. In the present study, we investigated the ability of beta-glucans derived from Candida albicans to act as an adjuvant to induce autoimmune arthritis. DBA/1 mice were injected with CII emulsified with FCA or particulate beta-glucan, OX-CA, on day 0 and given a booster at day 21. Mice immunized with CII plus OX-CA developed arthritis at around 7-10 days after the booster injection. Similarly, mice administered CII emulsified with FCA developed arthritis with the same time course. The mice immunized with CII and OX-CA had a more severe arthritis than those immunized with CII and FCA. Histological changes and production of anti-CII antibody were observed regardless of the type of injection. In addition, components of C. albicans were also tested for their ability to induce arthritis as an adjuvant. The results showed that CSBG, which is a soluble beta-glucan, acted as an adjuvant for CIA but CAWS, which is a mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex, did not. In conclusion, beta-glucan derived from C. albicans acted as an adjuvant and the injection with CII resulted in arthritis with the production of anti-CII autoantibody. The results strongly suggested that fungal metabolites such as beta-glucans have the capacity to induce and exacerbate autoimmune diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hida
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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36
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Nagi-Miura N, Shingo Y, Adachi Y, Ishida-Okawara A, Oharaseki T, Takahashi K, Naoe S, Suzuki K, Ohno N. Induction of coronary arteritis with administration of CAWS (Candida albicans water-soluble fraction) depending on mouse strains. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2005; 26:527-43. [PMID: 15658603 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The intraperitoneal administration of CAWS (water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide fraction obtained from the culture supernatant of Candida albicans) to mice induces coronaritis similar to Kawasaki disease. We analyzed differences in the production of cytokines involved in the occurrence of coronary arteritis among mouse strains, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, DBA/2 and CBA/J that were injected with CAWS at 4 mg/mouse for 5 consecutive days in the first week and the fifth week of administration. The incidence of arteritis was 100% in C57BL/6, C3H/HeN and DBA/2 mice, but only 10% in CBA/J mice. The coronary arteritis observed in DBA/2 mice was the most serious, with several mice expiring during the observation period. The CAWS-sensitive strains revealed increased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma during the course of a specific response to CAWS by spleen cells. In contrast, IL-10 levels were observed to increase markedly in CAWS-resistant CBA/J mice, but not the CAWS-sensitive strains. However, TNF-alpha levels were more elevated only in DBA/2 mice. The difference in disease development and cytokine production strongly suggests that the genetic background of the immune response to CAWS contributes to the occurrence of coronary arteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohno N. Chemistry and biology of angiitis inducer, Candida albicans water-soluble mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex (CAWS). Microbiol Immunol 2003; 47:479-90. [PMID: 12953841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep mycoses have been clearly demonstrated to release beta-glucans into the blood. Structure of the beta-glucan was, at least in part, suggested to be a mannoprotein beta-glucan complex (CAWS) as assessed by biochemical and immunochemical analyses of the extracellular macromolecular fraction of Candida albicans. Half clearance time of i.v. administered CAWS was about 30 min in mice. In addition to the reactivity with limulus G-test, CAWS was found to exhibit various biological activities, such as cytokine synthesis by leukocyte, platelet aggregation, lethal toxicity, enhancement of side effect of indomethacin, induction of coronary arteritis in mice, and so on. In this review, the chemical properties and biological activities of CAWS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Nichterlein T, Buchheidt D, Hein A, Becker KP, Mosbach K, Kretschmar M. Comparison of glucan detection and galactomannan enzyme immunoassay in gastrointestinal and systemic murine candidiasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 46:103-8. [PMID: 12854511 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of systemic and gastrointestinal infection with the yeast Candida albicans were used to investigate the ability of a commercial mannan antigen enzyme immunoassay and a commercial (1-->3) beta-D-glucan limulus assay to detect systemic infection and to differentiate between colonization and infection. Both assays were positive in all i.v. infected mice and negative in all uninfected control mice. In gastrointestinal infection both tests were positive whenever organ cultures were positive. In colonized mice with no detectable dissemination, there were mostly negative results with the glucan assay whereas the mannan assay was positive or intermediate in all colonized mice. Therefore, in the mouse model used, glucan detection appeared to be superior for differentiation between colonization and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nichterlein
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Klinikum Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Tada H, Nemoto E, Shimauchi H, Watanabe T, Mikami T, Matsumoto T, Ohno N, Tamura H, Shibata KI, Akashi S, Miyake K, Sugawara S, Takada H. Saccharomyces cerevisiae- and Candida albicans-derived mannan induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by human monocytes in a CD14- and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Microbiol Immunol 2003; 46:503-12. [PMID: 12222939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-inducing activities of fungal polysaccharides were examined in human monocytes in culture, with special reference to CD14 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production by monocytes was markedly induced in a dose-dependent manner upon stimulation with cell walls from Candida albicans and mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans, although relatively high concentrations (10 to 100 microg/ml) of stimulants were required for activation as compared with the reference lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 to 10 ng/ml). The yeast form C. albicans and its mannan and cell wall fractions exhibited higher TNF-alpha production than respective preparations from the hyphal form. Only slight TNF-alpha production was induced by the S. cerevisiae glucan. The TNF-alpha production triggered by reference LPS and purified fungal mannans required the presence of LPS-binding protein (LBP), and these responses were inhibited by anti-CD14 and anti-TLR4 antibodies, but not by anti-TLR2 antibody. In contrast to the activity of LPS, the activity of purified S. cerevisiae mannan was not inhibited by polymyxin B. These findings suggested that the mannan-LBP complex is recognized by CD14 on monocytes and that signaling through TLR4 leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines in a manner similar to that induced by LPS.
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Ishibashi KI, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ogura N, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Ohno N. Relationship between the physical properties of Candida albicans cell well beta-glucan and activation of leukocytes in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2:1109-22. [PMID: 12349948 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the fungal particle 1,3-beta-D-glucan derived from Candida albicans, a pathogenic fungus, was obtained by oxidation of the cell wall with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). It could be solubilized by treatment with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). In the present study, we prepared Candida 1,3-beta-D-glucan having different physical properties, and examined the relationship between leukocyte activation and the physicochemical properties. Beta-glucan activated leukocytes significantly more effectively in a particulate than solubilized form in terms of TNF-alpha production by RAW 264.7 cells, hydrogen peroxide production by murine PEC and IL-8 production by human PBMC. Furthermore, we compared the biological activity of the glucan particles oxidized under various conditions. Interestingly, inactive and antagonistic particles were obtained under strong oxidation conditions. However, the inactive particles showed significant agonistic activity on dissolution in DMSO and following lyophilization. These facts strongly suggested that the solubility and assembly of the components influence the immunopharmacological activities of 1,3-beta-D-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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Uchiyama M, Ohno N, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Yadomae T. Anti-grifolan antibody reacts with the cell wall β-glucan and the extracellular mannoprotein-β-glucan complex of C. albicans. Carbohydr Polym 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(01)00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kurihara K, Miura NN, Uchiyama M, Ohno N, Adachi Y, Aizawa M, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Yadomae T. Measurement of blood clearance time by Limulus G test of Candida-water soluble polysaccharide fraction, CAWS, in mice. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2000; 29:69-76. [PMID: 10967263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Limulus G test, responsive to beta-1,3-D-glucan, is a well-established method for the detection of invasive fungal infection. We have recently found that Candida albicans released a water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (CAWS) into synthetic medium (Uchiyama et al., FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 24 (1999) 411-420). CAWS was composed of a mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex and activated Limulus factor G, and thus would be similar to the Limulus active substance in patient's blood. In a preliminary investigation, we have found that CAWS is lethal when administered intravenously in a murine system. In this study, we examined the toxicity and then the fate of CAWS in mice. The lethal toxicity was strain-dependent and strain DBA/2 was the most resistant. The toxicity was, at least in part, reduced by salbutamol sulfate and prednisolone treatment in the sensitive strains. On intravenous administration, the half clearance time (t1/2) was approximately 40 min in mice (DBA/2). On intraperitoneal administration, CAWS appeared in the blood with a peak concentration at 1 h. In order to establish a treatment plan, it is important to demonstrate the onset and the termination of deep-seated mycosis. The Limulus G test is suitable for the above purpose; however, it is necessary to fully understand the fate of beta-1,3-D-glucan in patients' blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kurihara
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, School of Pharmacy, Japan
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