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Slabšinskienė E, Radlinskaitė K, Kavaliauskienė A, Vasiliauskienė I, Zūbienė J, Saldūnaitė-Mikučionienė K, Zaborskis A. Do Subjects from Different Occupational Groups Experience Dental Fear and Anxiety Equally? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:674. [PMID: 38674320 PMCID: PMC11051849 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Research into the relationship between occupation and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is scarce. This exploratory study aimed to compare the level of DFA and its association with its predictors amongst adults from different occupational groups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 422 respondents from four occupational groups (physicians, teachers, industry workers, and artists) was carried out. A questionnaire on previous dental experience using the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and Self-Esteem Scale was self-administered electronically. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The DFA levels differed significantly across the occupational groups, with the lowest mean scores among physicians (DAS = 9.29 (SE 0.39); DFS-1 = 14.67 (0.63); DFS-2 = 33.94 (1.69)) and the highest mean scores among artists (DAS = 10.74 (0.38); DFS-1 = 17.19 (0.71); DFS-2 = 41.34 (1.92)). A significant impact of self-esteem on DFA was observed among physicians, teachers, and artists, but not among industry workers. Multi-group analysis with SEM revealed differences in the variable association (Chi-squared = 53.75; df = 21; p < 0.001), thus rejecting the hypothesis of the same mechanism underlying DFA across occupational groups. Conclusions: Individuals from various occupations experience DFA at different levels, and there are different mechanisms underlying their DFA. These findings can provide valuable insights for dental practitioners in developing tailored approaches to reduce the feeling of DFA of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Slabšinskienė
- Department of Oral Health and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (I.V.); (J.Z.); (K.S.-M.)
| | - Karolina Radlinskaitė
- Department of Oral Health and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (I.V.); (J.Z.); (K.S.-M.)
| | - Aistė Kavaliauskienė
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ingrida Vasiliauskienė
- Department of Oral Health and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (I.V.); (J.Z.); (K.S.-M.)
| | - Jūratė Zūbienė
- Department of Oral Health and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (I.V.); (J.Z.); (K.S.-M.)
| | - Kristina Saldūnaitė-Mikučionienė
- Department of Oral Health and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (I.V.); (J.Z.); (K.S.-M.)
| | - Apolinaras Zaborskis
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Aardal V, Willumsen T, Evensen KB. Differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life among dental anxiety patients with and without reported abuse experience. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12976. [PMID: 38305706 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life between people with dental anxiety who reported abuse experience (n = 60) and people with dental anxiety who did not report abuse experience (n = 97). Both groups attended a dental service focused on the treatment of dental anxiety intended for people with a history of physiological or psychological trauma, or odontophobia. The participants responded to a questionnaire that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP), and the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+ ). The differences between groups were tested for statistical significance using Welch's T-tests, and linear regression was used to adjust for gender. The participants with reported abuse experience expressed greater psychological symptoms of anxiety and poorer oral health-related quality of life. The participants with reported abuse experience also expressed a higher fear of losing control, as well as feeling shame and disgust. This study shows that individuals with dental anxiety and a history of abuse may face more complex challenges than those with dental anxiety and no history of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Aardal
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Lahti S, Kataja EL, Suominen A, Palo K, Ogawa M, Kallio A, Räikkönen O, Pohjola V, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Two-Year Trajectories of Dental Anxiety in Parents and Their Association with Parents' and Children's Oral Healthcare Procedures in FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:72. [PMID: 38534296 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify parents' dental anxiety trajectories and the association of the trajectories with the number of parents' and their children's oral healthcare procedures in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale at gestational weeks (gw) 14 and 34, as well as 3 and 24 months (mo) after childbirth. Oral healthcare procedures from gw14 to 24 mo were obtained from the national patient data register and categorized as preventive and treatment. Trajectories were identified with latent growth mixture modelling for 2068 fathers and 3201 mothers. Associations between trajectories and procedures adjusted for education were analyzed using unordered multinomial logit models. Fathers' trajectories were stable low (80.1%), stable high (3.4%), stable moderate (11.0%), moderate increasing (3.9%) and high decreasing (1.6%). Mothers' trajectories were stable low (80.7%), stable high (11.2%), moderate increasing (5.3%) and high decreasing (2.8%). Mothers with decreasing dental anxiety had a higher number of preventive and treatment procedures. Fathers with decreasing dental anxiety had a higher number of preventive and treatment procedures, while fathers with increasing dental anxiety had fewer procedures. Children of mothers with stable low dental anxiety had higher number of preventive procedures. There seems to be a two-way association between dental anxiety trajectories and oral healthcare procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Palo
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ogawa
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kallio
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Oral Health Services, Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Räikkönen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Oral Health Services, Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Pohjola
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
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Sadjadpour F, Hosseinichimeh N, Pahel BT, Metcalf SS. Systems mapping of multilevel factors contributing to dental caries in adolescents. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 4:1285347. [PMID: 38356905 PMCID: PMC10864617 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease among adolescents. Caries activity increases significantly during adolescence due to an increase in susceptible tooth surfaces, immature permanent tooth enamel, independence in pursuing self-care, and a tendency toward poor diet and oral hygiene. Dental caries in permanent teeth is more prevalent among adolescents in low-income families and racial/ethnic minority groups, and these disparities in adolescent dental caries experience have persisted for decades. Several conceptual and data-driven models have proposed unidirectional mechanisms that contribute to the extant disparities in adolescent dental caries experience. Our objective, using a literature review, is to provide an overview of risk factors contributing to adolescent dental caries. Specifically, we map the interactive relationships of multilevel factors that influence dental caries among adolescents. Such interactive multilevel relationships more closely reflect the complex nature of dental caries experience among the adolescent population. The methods that we use are two-fold: (1) a literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases to find contributing factors; and (2) the system dynamics approach for mapping feedback mechanisms underlying adolescent dental caries through causal loop diagramming. The results of this study, based on the review of 138 articles, identified individual, family and community-level factors and their interactions contributing to dental caries experience in adolescents. Our results also provide hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying persistence of dental caries among adolescents. Conclusions Our findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the multilevel and interconnected factors that shape the persistence of dental caries experience among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Sadjadpour
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Niyousha Hosseinichimeh
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Bhavna T. Pahel
- Private Practice of Pediatric Dentistry in Easley and Anderson, Easley, SC, United States
| | - Sara S. Metcalf
- Department of Geography, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Godois LDS, Knorst JK, Noronha TG, Emmanuelli B, Ardenghi TM, Tomazoni F. Pathways to dental fear from childhood to adolescence: A 10-year cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33:553-562. [PMID: 36939652 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fear affects children's oral health; there is, however, no evidence regarding the pathways linking possible predictors for its occurrence. AIM This study aimed at exploring the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural and psychosocial factors on the development of dental fear in schoolchildren over time. DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study, with 10 years of follow-up. The first assessment started in 2010 (T1) with a sample of 639 children aged 1-5 years from Southern Brazil. For this study, the follow-up (T2) of these individuals was performed in 2020. Dental fear was assessed at T2 using the Brazilian version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Socio-economic, demographic, psychosocial and oral health measures were collected in both assessments. A structural equation model was performed to assess the direct and indirect pathways among variables at T1 and T2 to predict the CFSS-DS scores at T2. RESULTS Of the 639 children, 429 were re-evaluated at T2. Higher levels of untreated dental caries, younger individuals, dental visits for nonroutine reasons and low sense of coherence at T2 directly impacted dental fear at T2. Considering the indirect effects, the presence of dental caries and low household income at T1 indirectly impacted higher levels of dental fear over 10 years via dental caries at follow-up. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that socio-economic, demographic, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural conditions can influence dental fear from childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo da Silva Godois
- Post Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gioda Noronha
- Post Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bruno Emmanuelli
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomazoni
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Tiwari T, Randall CL, Rai N, Carey C, Shaffer JR, Finlayson TL, Kaste LM, Laniado N, Singer R. Acculturation and Dental Care-Related Anxiety: An Exploratory Assessment from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:616-623. [PMID: 36303084 PMCID: PMC10409522 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the associations between acculturation, dental anxiety, and dental utilization among Hispanics/Latinos living in the US. A proxy measure of dental anxiety was available for 7539 adults who had not visited a dentist within the last year. All completed the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH). Bivariate logistic regression and adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted. Approximately 22% of the sample was dentally anxious. Dental anxiety was significantly associated with SASH language scale score (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02, 1.18, p = 0.04), years in US (OR 1.53, 95%CI 1.23, 1.91, p < 0.0001), and preferred Spanish language (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.05, 1.63, p = 0.0192); lower acculturation corresponded to higher dental anxiety. Adjusting for sex, age, education, income, insurance, and oral health status, level of acculturation was associated with dental anxiety (AOR 0.87, 95%CI 0.75, 0.91, p = 0.009), but neither were associated with utilization. Acculturation may be an important predictor of dental anxiety for Hispanics/Latinos living in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tiwari
- Department of Community Dentistry and Population Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13056 E 7th Ave., Mail Stop F843, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - C L Randall
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357475, Seattle, WA, 98195-7475, USA.
| | - N Rai
- Department of Community Dentistry and Population Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13056 E 7th Ave., Mail Stop F843, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - C Carey
- Department of Community Dentistry and Population Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13056 E 7th Ave., Mail Stop F843, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T L Finlayson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L M Kaste
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N Laniado
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - R Singer
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Hadler-Olsen S, Steinnes J, Nermo H, Sjögren A, Hadler-Olsen E. Pain, discomfort, and functional impairment after extraction of primary teeth in children with palatally displaced canines - a randomized control trial comparing extraction of the primary canine versus extraction of the primary canine and the primary first molar. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:158-163. [PMID: 35943761 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Primary canines and first molars can be extracted in a way that is associated with relatively low levels of pain and discomfort during and after the procedures. Double extractions induced more pain and discomfort than single extractions, which should be accounted for in the treatment planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight children, aged 9.5-14 years with displaced permanent maxillary canines were randomly assigned for extraction of the primary canine only or the primary canine and the primary first molar. Pain and discomfort were rated on visual analogue scales, and influence on daily activities was assessed by a questionnaire that has been previously tested for reliability and validity. Differences between groups were assessed by independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests or the Fisher's exact test. OBJECTIVE To assess pain, discomfort, and functional impairment in children experiencing extraction of primary canine or primary canine and primary first molar as an interceptive treatment for palatally displaced permanent canines. RESULTS Tooth extraction was associated with low levels of pain and discomfort on a group level. Extraction of both the canine and the first molar was associated with significantly more pain and discomfort than was the extraction of the canine only. Extractions were associated with chewing problems among one-third to half of the children, otherwise, few children reported any jaw impairment after extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Hadler-Olsen
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanett Steinnes
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hege Nermo
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Norway
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Zhou Y, McNeil D, Haworth S, Dudding T, Chernus J, Liu C, Liu D, Wright C, Brumbaugh J, Randall C, Weyant R, Crout R, Foxman B, Reis S, Timpson N, Marazita M, Shaffer J. Genome-wide Scan of Dental Fear and Anxiety Nominates Novel Genes. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1526-1536. [PMID: 35771046 PMCID: PMC9608092 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental care-related fear and anxiety (DFA) is prevalent, affects oral health care utilization, and is related to poor oral health and decreased quality of life. In addition to learned and cultural factors, genetics is hypothesized to contribute to DFA. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants contributing to DFA. Adult and adolescent participants were from 4 cohorts (3 from the US-based Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, n = 1,144, 1,164, and 535, and the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 2,078). Two self-report instruments were used to assess DFA: the Dental Fear Survey (US cohorts) and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (ALSPAC). Genome-wide scans were performed for the DFA total scores and subscale scores (avoidance, physiological arousal, fear of dental treatment-specific stimuli), adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, recruitment site, and genetic ancestry. Results across cohorts were combined using meta-analysis. Heritability estimates for DFA total and subscale scores were similar across cohorts and ranged from 23% to 59%. The meta-analysis revealed 3 significant (P < 5E-8) associations between genetic loci and 2 DFA subscales: physiological arousal and avoidance. Nearby genes included NTSR1 (P = 3.05E-8), DMRTA1 (P = 4.40E-8), and FAM84A (P = 7.72E-9). Of these, NTSR1, which was associated with the avoidance subscale, mediates neurotensin function, and its deficiency may lead to altered fear memory in mice. Gene enrichment analyses indicated that loci associated with the DFA total score and physiological arousal subscale score were enriched for genes associated with severe and persistent mental health (e.g., schizophrenia) and neurocognitive (e.g., autism) disorders. Heritability analysis indicated that DFA is partly explained by genetic factors, and our association results suggested shared genetic underpinnings with other psychological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D.W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - S. Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T. Dudding
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J.M. Chernus
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C. Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D. Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C.D. Wright
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J. Brumbaugh
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - C.L. Randall
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R.J. Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R.J. Crout
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - B. Foxman
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S. Reis
- The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N.J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J.R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Poulton R, Guiney H, Ramrakha S, Moffitt TE. The Dunedin study after half a century: reflections on the past, and course for the future. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Guiney
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- SGDP Centre, Kings College London, London, UK
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10
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Boyd DH, Moffat SM, Foster Page LA, Lacey (Te Arawa iwi, Ngāti Whakaue hapū and Ngāruahine iwi, JK, Fuge KN, Natarajan AK, Misa (Tule fanakava Misa of Te'ekiu, Kanokupolu, Tonga Islan TF, Thomson WM. Oral health of children in Aotearoa New Zealand–time for change. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2069826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy H. Boyd
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Susan M. Moffat
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lyndie A. Foster Page
- Defence Health Directorate, Te Ope Kātua o Aotearoa–New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Kathryn N. Fuge
- Bee Healthy Regional Dental Service, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Arun K. Natarajan
- Specialist Paediatric Dentist, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - W. Murray Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mutluay M, Mutluay AT. Caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students: A cross-sectional study. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:262-272. [PMID: 35007395 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine students' oral hygiene practices/behaviours. The students were subjected to oral examinations to determine their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores according to the WHO criteria. In addition, the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used to measure the students' dental anxiety levels. RESULTS A total of 280 students (mean age: 20.8 years) participated in this study. Amongst the students, 52.8% brush their teeth twice a day, and 17.48% and 15.17% use floss and mouthwash daily, respectively. Moreover, the defined smoking rate was 22.85%. The mean DMFT scores of the preclinical and clinical students were 3.39 ± 3.22 and 3.55 ± 3.19, respectively. Most of the students (82.6%) preferred fluoride toothpaste, and the DMFT scores of those who use and do not use fluoride toothpaste significantly differed (p = 0.031). Furthermore, junk-food consumption affected the scores for decayed teeth (p = 0.048) and missing teeth (p = 0.039). Most students had low or moderate CDAS scores (CDAS <13), and anxiety scores were lower amongst the clinical students than amongst the preclinical students. CONCLUSIONS Although the students demonstrated favourable oral health behaviours/practices and low caries prevalence, their adherence to oral hygiene instructions and to healthy dietary and lifestyle habits should improve. The importance of this topic should be strongly emphasized in the undergraduate curriculum. For this purpose, professional behavioural control methods that suit students' individual capacities, motivations and therapeutic needs may be employed. The principal findings of similar studies should be evaluated by lecturers to help students adopt optimal oral health practices/behaviours, reducing their dental anxiety levels and improving their professional competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Mutluay
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Vocational School of Health Services, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Abidin Talha Mutluay
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Vocational School of Health Services, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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12
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Heima M, Stehli K. Reliability and Validity of the Dental Anxiety Question Used With Children. Anesth Prog 2022; 69:13-19. [PMID: 36223195 PMCID: PMC9552619 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-01-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental fear screening is an important part of providing a positive pediatric dental experience. To improve efficiency, the development of a single-item dental fear assessment tool for children has been desired. In this psychometric analysis, the reliability and validity of the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ) is studied when used in children aged 7 to 18 years. METHODS Participants completed the DAQ (pre-tx-DAQ), the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and a demographic information questionnaire before treatment. Participants repeated the DAQ after treatment (post-tx-DAQ) and once more at least 2 weeks later (follow-up-DAQ). Stability reliability within the DAQ scores and criterion validity with the CFSS-DS were evaluated. RESULTS Stability reliability analyses between pre-tx-DAQ/post-tx-DAQ and post-tx-DAQ/follow-up-DAQ demonstrated significant positive correlations: Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.420, rs2 = 0.18, P < .001, and rs = 0.563, rs2 = 0.32, P < .001, respectively. Criterion validity analysis between the pre-tx-DAQ and CFSS-DS also demonstrated a significant correlation: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.584, r2 = 0.34, P < .001. CONCLUSION The stability reliability and criterion validity of the DAQ was proved among children.
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13
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Wang X, Bernabe E, Pitts N, Zheng S, Gallagher JE. Dental Caries Clusters among adolescents in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland in 2013: implications for proportionate universalism. Caries Res 2021; 55:563-576. [PMID: 34380143 DOI: 10.1159/000518964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Pitts
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang X, Bernabe E, Pitts N, Zheng S, Gallagher JE. Dental caries thresholds among adolescents in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, 2013 at 12, and 15 years: implications for epidemiology and clinical care. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:137. [PMID: 33740952 PMCID: PMC7980596 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is the most prevalent condition globally. Despite improvements over the past few decades, there remains a significant disease burden in childhood. Epidemiological surveys provide insight to disease patterns and trends, and have traditionally focused on obvious decay which are inconsistent with contemporary clinical criteria. This study examined the distribution of dental caries in 12- and 15-year-olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, by severity threshold, at surface, tooth and child level and explored its association with socioeconomic, psychological and behavioural factors. METHODS Data from 12- and 15-year-olds in the 2013 Children's Dental Health Survey (CDHS 2013) were analysed at three levels, taking account of dental caries thresholds which involved recording both clinical decay [visual enamel caries (AV) and above] and obvious decay [non-cavitated dentine lesions (2V) and above]. Negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with dental caries experience at both thresholds. RESULTS The prevalence and severity of dental caries experience was higher among 15-year-olds at all levels. Visual change in enamel (AV) was by far the most common stage of caries recorded in both ages. The average number of surfaces with obvious decay experience, which has been the traditional epidemiological threshold, in 12- and 15-year-olds was 2.3 and 3.9 respectively. The corresponding values under the clinical decay threshold were higher, at 3.9 and 5.9 respectively. Visualisation of the distribution of dental caries at surface/tooth-level exhibited horizontal symmetry and to a lesser extent vertical symetry. In the adjusted models for both ages, country/region, school type, area deprivation, high frequency sugar consumption and irregular dental attendance were associated with greater caries experience in both groups. Dental anxiety was inversely associated with caries experience among 15-year-olds. CONCLUSION This research highlights the importance of recognising dental caries patterns by surface, tooth and child-level amongst adolescents and the value of reporting dental caries distribution by threshold in epidemiological surveys, including its relevance for clinical care. Inclusion of enamel caries reveals the extent of caries management required at a point when non-invasive care is possible, emphasising the importance of prevention through contemporary primary care, which includes supporting self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Nigel Pitts
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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15
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Silveira ER, Cademartori MG, Schuch HS, Armfield JA, Demarco FF. Estimated prevalence of dental fear in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2021; 108:103632. [PMID: 33711405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature about: 'What is the global estimated prevalence of dental fear in adults?'. DATA/SOURCES Inclusion criteria were observational population-based studies reporting the prevalence or raw data of dental fear in adults (>18 years). Five electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science) were searched without language restrictions up to March 2020. Two researchers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies. Risk of bias was performed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence and Incidence studies. The prevalence pooled estimates of dental fear were calculated using fixed- and random-effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed. STUDY SELECTION The search strategy identified 4,486 studies. After removal of duplicates (1,722), title and abstract screening (2,764) and full-text reading (108), 31 publications were deemed eligible for this systematic review. Three studies presented low risk of bias and 28 studies presented high risk of bias. A total of 72,577 individuals 18 years of age or older composed the sample of this systematic review. The global estimated prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA), high DFA and severe DFA in adults were 15.3 % (95 %CI 10.2-21.2), 12.4 % (95 %CI 9.5-15.6) and 3.3 % (95 %CI 0.9-7.1), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed a higher prevalence of DFA, high DFA and severe DFA among women and younger adults. The instruments used to measure dental fear also affected its prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Dental fear and high dental fear are prevalent in adults worldwide, being more prevalent among women. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Evidence suggests fear negatively impacts dental care pattern, clinical and subjective oral health conditions. A better knowledge of the global prevalence and the factors associated with this problem will allow that prevention or even behavior modulation strategies of the fearful individual's in dental setting being carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethieli Rodrigues Silveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Gonzalez Cademartori
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Helena Silveira Schuch
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Jason A Armfield
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 101 Currie St, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, 96015-560, Brazil; Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 1160, Marechal Deodoro Street, 96020-220, Brazil.
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16
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Silveira ER, Cademartori MG, Schuch HS, Corrêa MB, Ardenghi TM, Armfield J, Horta BL, Demarco FF. The vicious cycle of dental fear at age 31 in a birth cohort in Southern Brazil. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:354-361. [PMID: 33283921 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study assessed the prevalence of dental fear in adulthood and the association with socio-economic, behavioural and clinical variables. Also, the existence of a vicious cycle of dental fear was tested. METHODS A random sample of adults (n = 535) from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil, was selected. Socio-economic data, behavioural characteristics and clinical variables were collected during different cohort waves. Oral health data were collected at ages 15, 24 and 31 years old, using questionnaires and oral examination. Dental fear (the outcome) was assessed by the question: 'Are you afraid of going to the dentist?', with possible responses: dichotomized into 'No' or 'A little/Yes/A lot'. Exposure variables were as follows: dental visit in the last years (at the ages 15 and 31); caries experience (DMFT ≥ mean) at the ages 15 and 31; the trajectory of caries prevalence from 15 to 31 years old; dental pain in the last six months in the two ages evaluated; and self-rated oral health at age 31. Several multivariable Poisson regression models were used to investigate the association between each of the exposure variables and dental fear. RESULTS Dental fear prevalence was 22.1%, and it was more prevalent among non-white individuals and females. After controlling for potential confounders, dental fear was more likely to be reported by those individuals who had dental pain or a higher prevalence of dental caries at the age 15. Dental fear was also associated with a worse trajectory of dental caries, negative self-rated oral health at age 31 and with not having visited the dentist in the last year (at the age 31). Results supported the proposed vicious cycle of dental fear. CONCLUSIONS Dental fear in adulthood was related to exposures occurring across the lifecourse. Also, it was possible to observe the occurrence of the vicious cycle of dental fear in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Therefore, preventive measures during different periods of the life course are required to prevent dental fear and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethieli R Silveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Helena S Schuch
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jason Armfield
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flavio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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17
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Esa R, Jamaludin M, Yusof ZYM. Impact of maternal and child dental anxiety on oral health-related quality of life of 5-6-year-old preschool children. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:319. [PMID: 32993663 PMCID: PMC7526362 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of evidence with regards to the association between both maternal and child dental anxiety and the mother's perception of her child's oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal and child dental anxiety with COHRQoL and the effect of demographic factors as moderators in this relationship. In addition, the association between child's dental caries experience and the COHRQoL was also assessed. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1150, 5-6 year-old preschool children in Selangor, Malaysia. Mothers answered a questionnaire on socio-economic status, the Malay-Modified Dental Anxiety Scale to assess maternal dental anxiety, and the Malay-Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale to assess COHRQoL. Child's dental anxiety was assessed using the Malay-Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale via a face-to-face interview prior to oral examination to assess dental caries. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling to assess the relationship between maternal and child dental anxiety and COHRQoL. RESULTS Overall, complete data on 842 mother-child dyads were analysed. The mean scores of total ECOHIS, the child impacts section (CIS), and the family impacts section (FIS) were 17.7 (SD = 4.9), 12.6 (SD = 3.7), and 5.1 (SD = 1.9), respectively. The mean dental anxiety scores for mothers and children were 11.8 (SD = 4.5) and 16.9 (SD = 4.3), respectively. Maternal dental anxiety was associated with the CIS (b = 0.08, p < 0.001), the FIS (b = 0.01, p = 0.001), and the total ECOHIS (b = 0.14, p < 0.001). Maternal education level, income, urban/rural location, and kindergarten type were moderators to the relationship. In addition, there was also a significant relationship between child's dental caries experience and COHRQoL (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Maternal dental anxiety and child's dental caries experience have significantly impacted the COHRQoL, the CIS, and the FIS domains. Demographic factors such as maternal education, income, urban/rural location, and kindergarten type acted as moderators that can strengthen or weaken the relationship between maternal dental anxiety and COHRQoL of 5-6-year-old preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidah Esa
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Community Oral Health Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marhazlinda Jamaludin
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Community Oral Health Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Community Oral Health Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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18
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Use of Virtual Reality for the Management of Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatments: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103086. [PMID: 32987885 PMCID: PMC7600113 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dental treatments often cause pain and anxiety in patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel procedure that can provide distraction during dental procedures or prepare patients to receive such type of treatments. This meta-analysis is the first to gather evidence on the effectiveness of VR on the reduction of pain (P) and dental anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing dental treatment, regardless of age. (2) Methods: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Library and Web of Science were searched for scientific articles in November 2019. The keywords used were: “virtual reality”, “distraction systems”, “dental anxiety” and “pain”. Studies where VR was used for children and adults as a measure against anxiety and pain during dental treatments were included. VR was defined as a three-dimensional environment that provides patients with a sense of immersion, transporting them to appealing and interactive settings. Anxiety and pain results were assessed during dental treatments where VR was used and in standard care situations. (3) Results: 32 studies were identified, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria. The effect of VR in children was significant, both for anxiety (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −1.75) and pain (SMD = −1.46). (4) Conclusions: The findings of the meta-analysis show that VR is an effective distraction method to reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a variety of dental treatments; however, further research on VR as a tool to prepare patients for dental treatment is required because of the scarcity of studies in this area.
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19
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Sukumaran I, Taylor S, Thomson WM. The prevalence and impact of dental anxiety among adult New Zealanders. Int Dent J 2020; 71:122-126. [PMID: 32929752 PMCID: PMC9275063 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and impact of dental anxiety in the New Zealand adult population. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from the 2009 New Zealand national oral health survey. Dental anxiety was measured using the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). RESULTS The prevalence of dental anxiety was 13.3% (95% CI = 11.4, 15.6). On average, DAS scores were higher by 14% among females, lower among those in the oldest age group (55+), higher by 10% among those in the European/Other ethnic category, and higher by 10% among those residing in the most deprived neighbourhoods. Those who were dentally anxious had greater oral disease experience and were less likely to have visited a dentist within the previous 12 months. They also had poorer oral health-related quality of life, with the highest prevalence of OHIP-14 impacts observed in dentally anxious 35- to 54-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Dental anxiety is a dental public health problem. It is an important contributor to poor oral health and care avoidance among New Zealanders. There is a need to develop both clinical and population-level interventions aimed at reducing the condition's prevalence and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Sukumaran
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shay Taylor
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W. Murray Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Hagqvist O, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Changes in dental fear and its relations to anxiety and depression in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:429-435. [PMID: 32875623 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to: (i) evaluate short-term changes in dental fear during a 9-month period among women and men, and (ii) evaluate whether the course and magnitude of changes in dental fear were associated with changes in depression and anxiety. The longitudinal data of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were used. Out of 3808 women and 2623 men, 1984 women and 1082 men filled in the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) at gestational weeks 14 and 34, and 3 months after childbirth. Other questionnaires used were the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90. All scales were analyzed as sum scores. The MDAS was also trichotomized to assess the stability of dental fear. Statistical significances of the changes in dental fear, depression, and general anxiety were evaluated using repeated-measures Friedman tests. Correlation coefficients were used to describe the associations between measures (Spearman) and their changes (Pearson). Dental fear more often increased than decreased, but for the majority it was stable. On average, dental fear, depression, and anxiety symptoms correlated throughout the study. The correlations tended to be stronger with depressive symptoms. However, the relationships between changes in dental fear, depression, and anxiety were not systematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Hagqvist
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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21
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Wong HM, Peng SM, Perfecto A, McGrath CPJ. Dental anxiety and caries experience from late childhood through adolescence to early adulthood. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:513-521. [PMID: 32683779 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between dental anxiety and caries experience from late childhood through adolescence and into early adulthood (12, 15 and 18 years old, respectively). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among a population-representative sample of Chinese in Hong Kong. A baseline survey was conducted at age 12 and follow-up assessments were completed at ages 15 and 18. Caries experience was assessed as the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Dental anxiety was assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Participants' socio-economic status and oral health-related behaviours were ascertained using a self-complete questionnaire. Negative binomial regression was used to explore the association between dental anxiety and subsequent caries status, controlling for other factors. RESULTS At baseline, 668 children participated; 279 (41.8%, comprising 57.0% females) completed all three phases of data collection. MDAS scores at age 18 were lower than at age 12. Caries experience increased as participants aged. At age 15 and 18, females had higher MDAS and DMFT scores than males. Reported frequency of snacking between meals was associated with MDAS scores at age 18. In regression analyses, dental anxiety at age 12 was not significantly associated with dental caries experience at age 15, controlling for socio-demographic and oral-health behaviour factors at age 12. Likewise, dental anxiety at age 15 was not significantly associated with dental caries experience at age 18, controlling for the same factors at age 15. CONCLUSION Dental anxiety assessed by MDAS in late childhood and adolescence appears not to predict dental caries experience later in life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Philip Dental Hospital, 2/F Prince, Hong Kong
| | - Si-Min Peng
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Philip Dental Hospital, 2/F Prince, Hong Kong
| | - Antonio Perfecto
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Philip Dental Hospital, 2/F Prince, Hong Kong
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Philip Dental Hospital, 2/F Prince, Hong Kong
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22
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Peres KG, Thomson WM, Chaffee BW, Peres MA, Birungi N, Do LG, Feldens CA, Fontana M, Marshall TA, Pitiphat W, Seow WK, Wagner Y, Wong HM, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1321-1331. [PMID: 32680439 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520942208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth cohorts are those among observational studies that provide understanding of the natural history and causality of diseases since early in life. Discussions during an International Association for Dental Research symposium in London, United Kingdom, in 2018, followed by a workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, in 2019, concluded that there are few birth cohort studies that consider oral health and that a broader discussion on similarities and differences among those studies would be valuable. This article aims to 1) bring together available long-term data of oral health birth cohort studies from the low, middle, and high-income countries worldwide and 2) describe similarities and differences among these studies. This work comprises 15 studies from all 5 continents. The most studied dental conditions and exposures are identified; findings are summarized; and methodological differences and similarities among studies are presented. Methodological strengths and weaknesses are also highlighted. Findings are summarized in 1) the negative impact of detrimental socioeconomic status on oral health changes over time, 2) the role of unfavorable patterns of dental visiting on oral health, 3) associations between general and oral health, 4) nutritional and dietary effects on oral health, and 5) intergenerational influences on oral health. Dental caries and dental visiting patterns have been recorded in all studies. Sources of fluoride exposure have been documented in most of the more recent studies. Despite some methodological differences in the way that the exposures and outcomes were measured, some findings are consistent. Predictive models have been used with caries risk tools, periodontitis occurrence, and permanent dentition orthodontic treatment need. The next steps of the group's work are as follows: 1) establishing a consortium of oral health birth cohort studies, 2) conducting a scoping review, 3) exploring opportunities for pooled data analyses to answer pressing research questions, and 4) promoting and enabling the development of the next generation of oral health researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - W M Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B W Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - N Birungi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L G Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C A Feldens
- Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - M Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Pitiphat
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group, and Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - W K Seow
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Y Wagner
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - H M Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A J Rugg-Gunn
- The Borrow Foundation, Waterlooville, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hong C, Broadbent J, Thomson W, Poulton R. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study: Oral health findings and their implications. J R Soc N Z 2020; 50:35-46. [PMID: 32226196 PMCID: PMC7100605 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2020.1716816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal research is needed to better understand the natural history of oral conditions and long-term health and social outcomes. Oral health data has been collected periodically in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study for over 40 years. To date, 70+ peer-review articles on the Study's oral health-related findings have been published, providing insight into the natural history of oral conditions, risk factors, impacts on quality of life, and disparities in oral health. Some of these report new findings, while others build upon the existing body of evidence. This paper provides an overview of these findings and reflects on their public health implications and policy utility in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Hong
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago
| | | | - W.M. Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago
| | - R. Poulton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago
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24
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Lahti S, Suominen A, Freeman R, Lähteenoja T, Humphris G. Virtual Reality Relaxation to Decrease Dental Anxiety: Immediate Effect Randomized Clinical Trial. JDR Clin Trans Res 2020; 5:312-318. [PMID: 31962052 PMCID: PMC7495687 DOI: 10.1177/2380084420901679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dental anxiety is common and causes symptomatic use of oral health services. Objectives: The aim was to study if a short-term virtual reality intervention reduced preoperative dental anxiety. Methods: A randomized controlled single-center trial was conducted with 2 parallel arms in a public oral health care unit: virtual reality relaxation (VRR) and treatment as usual (TAU). The VRR group received a 1- to 3.5-min 360° immersion video of a peaceful virtual landscape with audio features and sound supporting the experience. TAU groups remained seated for 3 min. Of the powered sample of 280 participants, 255 consented and had complete data. Total and secondary sex-specific mixed effects linear regression models were completed for posttest dental anxiety (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale [MDAS] total score) and its 2 factors (anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety) adjusted for baseline (pretest) MDAS total and factor scores and age, taking into account the effect of blocking. Results: Total and anticipatory dental anxiety decreased more in the VRR group than the TAU group (β = −0.75, P < .001, for MDAS total score; β = −0.43, P < .001, for anticipatory anxiety score) in patients of a primary dental care clinic. In women, dental anxiety decreased more in VRR than TAU for total MDAS score (β = −1.08, P < .001) and treatment-related dental anxiety (β = −0.597, P = .011). Anticipatory dental anxiety decreased more in VRR than TAU in both men (β = −0.217, P < .026) and women (β = −0.498, P < .001). Conclusion: Short application of VRR is both feasible and effective to reduce preoperative dental anxiety in public dental care settings (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03993080). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Dental anxiety, which is a common problem, can be reduced with short application of virtual reality relaxation applied preoperatively in the waiting room. Findings of this study indicate that it is a feasible and effective procedure to help patients with dental anxiety in normal public dental care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- S. Lahti, Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland.
| | - A. Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R. Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - T. Lähteenoja
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - G. Humphris
- Division of Populations and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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25
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Bernabé E, Lie SA, Mastrovito B, Sannevik J, Astrom AN. Childhood negative dental experiences and tooth loss in later life: A 25-year longitudinal study in Sweden. J Dent 2019; 89:103198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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26
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Ladewig NM, Tedesco TK, Gimenez T, Braga MM, Raggio DP. Patient-reported outcomes associated with different restorative techniques in pediatric dentistry: A systematic review and MTC meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208437. [PMID: 30521577 PMCID: PMC6283634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing number of studies evaluating patient reported outcome measures (PROs), there is no clearness regarding which restorative treatment offers major benefits based on the pediatric patient perspective. AIM To compare different restorative techniques in pediatric dentistry regarding patient-reported outcomes. DESIGN Literature searching was carried out on prospective studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus and OpenGrey. A Mixed Treatment Comparisons (MTC) meta-analysis was undertaken considering the results from reviewed studies. Anxiety, pain and quality of life were extracted as mean with standard deviation, percentage of pain, and mean difference of scores with standard deviation, respectively. For direct comparisons, data were combined using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic. For indirect comparisons, fixed and random effects were chosen through comparison of competing models based on the Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). The expected efficacy ranking based on the posterior probabilities of all treatment rankings was also calculated. RESULTS An initial search resulted in 4,322 articles, of which 17 were finally selected. Due to unavailability of data, only pain, anxiety and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) were statistically analyzed. The difference in means (95% CI) of anxiety between treatments using only hand instruments with or without chemomechanical agents were -5.35 (-6.42 to -4.20) and -5.79 (-7.77 to -3.79) respectively when compared to conventional treatment using rotary instruments and/or local anesthesia. Regarding pain, there was a trend for treatments without rotary instruments and local anesthesia to be less frequently reported as painful. No statistical difference was found intragroup nor among treatments for OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety and pain are directly related with more invasive restorative treatments. On the other hand, quality of life is not improved regardless of the restorative technique used. Further well-designed prospective studies regarding PROs in children are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Miranda Ladewig
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Kerber Tedesco
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gimenez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Minatel Braga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Hagqvist O, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Short‐term longitudinal changes in adult dental fear. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:300-306. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Hagqvist
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study Turku Brain and Mind Center Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Community Dentistry Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study Turku Brain and Mind Center Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Community Dentistry Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Orthodontics Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study Turku Brain and Mind Center Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study Turku Brain and Mind Center Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Psychiatry Turku University Hospital University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study Turku Brain and Mind Center Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Community Dentistry Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
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28
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Quantitative evaluation of dental anxiety indicators in the serum and saliva samples of children treated under general anesthesia. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2373-2380. [PMID: 29354884 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental anxiety level has been previously associated with oral health status. Since general anesthesia (GA) allows dental treatments to be performed in anxious children with a high number of caries, we aimed to evaluate the dental anxiety levels of these children before and after dental treatments performed under GA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight children with high anxiety aged between 35 and 72 months who required multiple dental treatments to be performed under GA were included in the study. Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale, sitting patterns, Facial Image Scale, and Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (completed by the children's parents) were recorded before and after the dental treatments performed under GA. Pre-treatment and post-treatment biochemical parameters, including cortisol, alpha-amylase, and chromogranin A levels, in saliva and serum samples were also evaluated. RESULTS The psychometric scales showed a statistically significant reduction in the post-treatment dental anxiety levels of the children compared with the pre-treatment anxiety levels. Additionally, the biochemical parameters measured in the serum and whole saliva samples showed a decrease after treatments performed under GA. CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that performing dental treatments under GA can reduce the dental anxiety levels of children with a high number of caries.
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29
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Evaluation of Salivary Alpha Amylase as a Biomarker for Dental Anxiety. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.9350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Luoto A, Tolvanen M, Pohjola V, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Lahti S. A longitudinal study of changes and associations in dental fear in parent/adolescent dyads. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:506-513. [PMID: 28130962 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fear seems to fluctuate, but concordance of changes in dental fears between parent/adolescent dyads has not been reported. AIM To study longitudinally the associations between adolescent and parental dental fears and their changes. DESIGN Adolescents and parents reported their dental fear independently of each other when adolescents were between 11-12 and 15-16-year-olds. Eight hundred and seventeen eligible parent/adolescent dyads were included in the analyses. Dental fear was measured with a single question using five response alternatives. Associations between adolescent and parental dental fears and their changes were analysed using χ2 tests and correlation coefficients. RESULTS Prevalence of dental fear remained rather similar during the study. There was a positive association between adolescent and parental dental fears in early adolescence (P < 0.001) but at middle adolescence only among parent/girl dyads (P = 0.007 for girls, P = 0.341 for boys). Changes in dental fear among parent/adolescent dyads did not correlate statistically significantly. Difference between girls' and boys' change in dental fear was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Dental fear increased more often among girls than among boys. Boys had stable low/no dental fear more often than girls did. CONCLUSION Adolescents' and parents' dental fears seemingly change independently of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Luoto
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Pohjola
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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31
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Armfield JM, Crego A, Schuch HS, Luzzi L. The role of cognitions in short-term temporal changes in dental fear among Australian adults. J Public Health Dent 2017; 78:32-40. [PMID: 28771737 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if temporal changes in dental fear over a 4-month period are predicted by changed cognitive vulnerability-related perceptions of going to the dentist. METHODS Australian adults (n = 484) completed mailed questionnaires at baseline and follow-up, containing measures of dental fear, cognitive vulnerability-related perceptions, dental services received, and possible aversive experiences during the study period. Change in dental fear was the main outcome measure, categorized as decreased (Fear- ), unchanged (Fear0 ), and increased (Fear+ ). RESULTS Across the study period, 15.5 percent of people had Fear- , 73.4 percent had Fear0 , and 11.1 percent had Fear+ . In a multinomial logistic regression, after controlling for participant gender, income, time since last dental visit at baseline, dental fear at baseline and experiencing an aversive event, increased vulnerability-related perceptions were significantly associated with Fear+ (OR = 2.83, P < 0.001) while decreased vulnerability-related perceptions were associated with Fear- (OR = 0.17, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study found, across a relatively short 4-month period, that increased vulnerability-related perceptions of visiting the dentist predicted increased dental fear while decreased vulnerability-related perceptions predicted decreased dental fear. More appropriate study designs, such as longitudinal designs, and longer follow-up periods are needed to determine the possible causal nature of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Armfield
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Antonio Crego
- Department of Psychology, Madrid Open University, Collado-Villalba, Spain
| | - Helena S Schuch
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Liana Luzzi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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32
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Lin F, He Y, Ni Z, Olive R, Ren M, Yao L, Ye Q. Individualized intervention to reduce anxiety in adult orthodontic patients based on Q methodology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:161-170. [PMID: 28760278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we used Q methodology to assess the concerns of adults seeking orthodontic treatment and to determine individualized interventions to reduce their anxiety. METHODS Statements of concern were derived by in-depth interviews with 70 adult patients. Q sorting methodology was then used to identify the main factors associated with anxiety in a cohort of 40 adults who had not been involved in the first part of the study. The final stage involved a randomized study in which 160 new adult patients were recruited and randomized into intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group sorted the statements, after which individualized interventions were implemented. Participants in the control group received routine treatment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure changes in participants' anxiety levels before and during treatment. RESULTS In total, 41 statements were identified, and participants were classified according to 5 factors. Factor 1 participants were concerned about the lack of treatment information; factor 2 represented concerns about cost and other people's opinions; factor 3 represented concerns about impact on work related to wearing braces; factor 4 encompassed concerns about treatment effects, pain, and dental fears; and factor 5 reflected concerns about side effects and finding a partner. The mean state anxiety inventory scores for both the intervention and control groups were highest 24 hours after bonding (intervention group, 44.63 ± 4.49; control group, 49.43 ± 5.42). The intragroup state anxiety inventory scores differed significantly across the 6 time points (P <0.01), with the state anxiety inventory scores of the intervention group significantly lower than those of the control group (P <0.01) at all time points except baseline. No significant intergroup or intragroup differences were found in relation to trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Adult orthodontic patients expressed diverse concerns. Individualized interventions based on Q methodology may reduce anxiety in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiou Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhenyu Ni
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Richard Olive
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manman Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Yao
- Department of Pedodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Qingsong Ye
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Discipline of Orthodontics, Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ibrahim H, Lyons KM, Armfield JM, Thomson WM. Performance of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear in a population-based sample of adults. Aust Dent J 2017; 62:478-484. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Ibrahim
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - KM Lyons
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - JM Armfield
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - WM Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Silveira ERD, Goettems ML, Demarco FF, Azevedo MS. Clinical and Individual Variables in Children’s Dental Fear: A School-Based Investigation. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:398-404. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of dental fear and associated factors in schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years old, in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Schoolchildren enrolled in 20 public and private schools were selected using a multi-stage sample design. Sociodemographic characteristics, children’s dental visit and oral hygiene habits were assessed by questionnaires. The Dental Anxiety Question was used to measure dental fear prevalence. Children’s clinical examination evaluated presence of dental caries (DMFT/dmft index) and gingival bleeding. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval). One thousand two hundred and two children were included. Dental fear prevalence was 24.6%. After the adjustment, girls [PR=1.71 (CI 95%: 1.31-2.22)], children from poorer families [PR=1.96 (CI 95%: 1.36-2.83)], those who had decayed teeth (D/d index>0)[PR=1.32 (CI 95%: 1.01-1.72), and who had never been at the dentist [PR=1.85 (CI 95%: 1.42-2.41) remained significantly associated with dental fear. The prevalence of dental fear indicates that it is a common problem among schoolchildren. Early dental care and dental caries prevention are important factors to prevent dental fear.
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35
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Bernabé E, Humphris G, Freeman R. The social gradient in oral health: Is there a role for dental anxiety? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45:348-355. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Bernabé
- Division of Population and Patient Health; King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's; King's College and St. Thomas’ Hospitals; London UK
| | - Gerry Humphris
- Health Psychology; School of Medicine; University of St Andrews; St Andrews UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit; School of Dentistry; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
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36
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Morgan AG, Rodd HD, Porritt JM, Baker SR, Creswell C, Newton T, Williams C, Marshman Z. Children's experiences of dental anxiety. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:87-97. [PMID: 27376925 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental anxiety is common among children. Although there is a wealth of research investigating childhood dental anxiety, little consideration has been given to the child's perspective. AIM This qualitative study sought to explore with children their own experiences of dental anxiety using a cognitive behavioural therapy assessment model. DESIGN Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with dentally anxious children aged 11-16 years. The Five Areas model was used to inform the topic guide and analysis. Data were analysed using a framework approach. RESULTS In total, 13 children were interviewed. Participants described their experiences of dental anxiety across multiple dimensions (situational factors and altered thoughts, feelings, physical symptoms, and behaviours). Participants placed considerable value on communication by dental professionals, with poor communication having a negative influence on dental anxiety and the dentist-patient relationship. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the Five Areas model as an applicable theoretical model for the assessment of childhood dental anxiety. Children provided insights about their own dental anxiety experiences that have not previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie G Morgan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen D Rodd
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jenny M Porritt
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah R Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cathy Creswell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Tim Newton
- Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Williams
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zoe Marshman
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Arrow P, Klobas E. Minimal intervention dentistry for early childhood caries and child dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Aust Dent J 2017; 62:200-207. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Arrow
- Western Australian Department of Health and Dental Health Service; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - E Klobas
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Liinavuori A, Tolvanen M, Pohjola V, Lahti S. Changes in dental fear among Finnish adults: a national survey. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 44:128-34. [PMID: 26482701 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in dental fear among adult Finns aged 19 years and over at the beginning of the study in 2000-2011 in a nationally representative sample. METHODS The study was based on Health 2000 and 2011 Surveys by the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland. The Health 2000 Survey used a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design (N = 9 922). Those who participated in 2000 (n = 7 964) were invited to participate in 2011. The number of participants was 3 961. Dental fear was assessed by a single question: 'How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?' (not at all, somewhat, very much). Background variables included were age (categories 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75+ years), gender, marital status (nonsingle, single), and education (basic, secondary, higher). To match the population sizes in different areas and thus forming a nationally representative data, the data were weighted based on age, gender, and area. General linear modeling for repeated measures was used to evaluate changes in dental fear and associations with background variables. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2011, dental fear decreased more often than increased among adults in Finland. Change from being very afraid to not at all afraid of visiting a dentist was most common in the oldest group. For most participants, dental fear remained stable; being very afraid of visiting a dentist was more stable among participants from 35 to 54 years of age than among younger or older participants. CONCLUSIONS Dental fear is still common among adult Finns and it seems to depend on age. As the most obvious consequence of dental fear is avoidance of dental care, reducing dental fear should be taken into account when planning and reorienting oral healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Liinavuori
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Pohjola
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Luoto A, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Pohjola V, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Individual changes in dental fear among children and parents: a longitudinal study. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:942-7. [PMID: 24922091 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.923582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to study longitudinal changes in dental fear among children and one of their parents separately for girls, boys, mothers and fathers over a 3.5-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11-12-year-old children in Pori, Finland (n = 1691) and one of their parents were invited to participate in this longitudinal study. Dental fear was measured in 2001, 2003 and 2005 when the children were 11-12, 13-14 and 15-16-years-old, respectively. The participants were asked if they were afraid of dental care (1 = 'not afraid', 2 = 'slightly afraid', 3 = 'afraid to some degree', 4 = 'quite afraid', 5 = 'very afraid' and 6 = 'I don't know'). The participants' gender was also registered. Mean values of the change scores were studied. Prevalence and incidence of dental fear and changes in dichotomized dental fear (responses 4-5 = high dental fear and responses 1-3 = low dental fear) were studied using cross-tabulations and Cochran's Q test. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of dental fear slightly increased and female preponderance in dental fear became more evident during the follow-up. Of the mothers and children with high dental fear at the baseline, 24% and 56%, respectively, reported not to be fearful at the end of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Dental fear seems to be more stable in adulthood than in childhood. Thus, it might be better to intervene in dental fear during childhood rather than during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Luoto
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Goettems ML, Schuch HS, Demarco FF, Ardenghi TM, Torriani DD. Impact of dental anxiety and fear on dental care use in Brazilian women. J Public Health Dent 2014; 74:310-6. [PMID: 24946683 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Leão Goettems
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Helena Silveira Schuch
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Dione Dias Torriani
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental problems in early childhood can have a very significant effect not only on the oral health of young children but on their quality of life and that of their families. Added to this are the long term risks they carry into the permanent dentition. AIM To review current literature on the management of early childhood caries and its influence on wider oral and general health. RESULTS Recent studies suggest that the risks for dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion and other general health problems including overweight and obesity may be increased in children who have had early childhood caries. Traditional restoration of damaged primary teeth has been shown to have only moderate outcomes depending on the techniques and materials used and the ability of children to cooperate because of age or other factors. CONCLUSIONS More recent interesting approaches that seal enamel caries, only partially remove carious dentine or attempt to entirely seal carious dentine lesions merit not only discussion but also longer term investigation. With increasing demands on health funding, dentistry must look at how the most appropriate care can be provided to allow children to reach adulthood with healthy permanent dentitions - something that less than half the population currently achieve.
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Torriani D, Ferro R, Bonow M, Santos I, Matijasevich A, Barros A, Demarco F, Peres K. Dental Caries Is Associated with Dental Fear in Childhood: Findings from a Birth Cohort Study. Caries Res 2014; 48:263-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000356306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wide S, Boman UW. Explanation and causal reasoning: A contribution to the interpretation of competing explanatory claims. THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0959354313496154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to attain a better understanding of the relationship between competing or complementary scientific explanatory claims. First, six different ways of approaching explanatory claims are briefly described and found, in part, to be unsatisfactory. It is argued that they should be supplemented by an analysis of underlying and sometimes partly unacknowledged causal presuppositions. This approach could be termed a causal analytical investigation, and in order to demonstrate its potential, it is applied to a concrete example: research into dental anxiety. The analysis shows that seemingly competing or complementary explanatory claims here neither compete with nor complement each other; instead, the analysis demonstrates that they explain different things. We then broaden the picture by discussing the relationship between aetiology and treatment. Finally we argue in favour of the general applicability of the approach and its relevance to science in general and to science-based practice.
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Sadi H, Finkelman M, Rosenberg M. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase, and the dental anxiety scale. Anesth Prog 2013; 60:46-53. [PMID: 23763559 DOI: 10.2344/0003-3006-60.2.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between dental anxiety, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) levels. Furthermore, the aim was to look into individual differences such as age, race, gender, any existing pain, or traumatic dental experience and their effect on dental anxiety. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample of 46. Every patient was asked to complete the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a basic demographic/dental history questionnaire. A saliva sample, utilizing the method of passive drooling, was then collected in 2-mL cryovials. Samples were analyzed for salivary cortisol and sAA levels by Salimetrics. Significant associations were observed between DAS scores and presence of pain and history of traumatic dental experience. However, no significant correlations were observed between DAS, cortisol, and sAA levels. Our study reconfirms that dental anxiety is associated with presence of pain and a history of traumatic dental experience. On the other hand, our study was the first to our knowledge to test the correlation between the DAS and sAA; nevertheless, our results failed to show any significant correlation between dental anxiety, cortisol, and sAA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sadi
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Tolvanen M, Hagqvist O, Luoto A, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Changes over time in adult dental fear and correlation to depression and anxiety: a cohort study of pregnant mothers and fathers. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:264-9. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain study group; Department of Psychiatry; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Turku; Turku; Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to test and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Oral Health Locus of Control (OHLoC) instrument and its relation to dental anxiety, self-efficacy and self-perceived oral health among Swedish adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A random sample of 758 (63% of 1208 invited) 19-year-old individuals in three residential areas in western Sweden (two rural, one urban) answered a set of questionnaires prior to a dental examination. RESULTS The face and content validity of the OHLoC was deemed good in pilot interviews with individuals of the target age. Explorative factor analysis verified the dimensions of the OHLoC sub-scales (internal, external, chance locus of control) with loadings from 0.503 - 0.812, explaining 54.6% of the variance. Construct validity was confirmed in relation to two other psychometric scales, on dental anxiety (DAS) and on general self-efficacy (GSE), with correlations in the expected directions. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the internal sub-scale displayed the most consistent statistically significant associations with self-perceived oral health, also when accounting for gender, demography and health behavior. There were no significant differences between genders on the OHLoC, but females scored statistically significantly higher on the DAS (p = 0.005) and lower on the GSE (p = 0.021) than males. CONCLUSIONS The Swedish version of the OHLoC appears to have acceptable psychometric properties for use in an adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Östberg
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental Fear and Concomitant Factors in 3-6 Year-old Children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012; 6:70-4. [PMID: 22991640 PMCID: PMC3445318 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2012.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dental fear/anxiety as a barrier in accessing oral health care is poorly investigated in Iranian children. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of dental fear and behavior management problems, as well as to examine the relationship between dental fear/anxiety and probable concomitant factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mothers of 200 children aged 3-6 were participated in this descriptive-analytic study, and completed the CFSS-DS, SDQ, Chora and Spielberger questionnaires for both child and parents' general and dental anxiety in this descriptive- analytic study. Behavior was evaluated according to Frankl scale. Statistical approaches included T-test, chi-sq, and Pearson Linear correlation. RESULTS The mean score of dental fear was 32.15 ± 10 and the prevalence was 22.2%. Significant correlations were found between child's dental fear, general fear and behavior management problems; however, no relationship was found between child's dental fear and parental dental or general fear. CONCLUSION According to results of this study dental fear/anxiety seems to be more conditional and related to child's temperament than parental impact. Parental evaluation of dental fear can be used as a predictor of child's dental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Salem
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Kousha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Anissian
- Associate Professor, Manager of Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Shahabi
- Associate Professor, Manager of Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Crocombe LA, Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Brennan DS, Poulton R. Impact of dental visiting trajectory patterns on clinical oral health and oral health-related quality of life. J Public Health Dent 2011; 72:36-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pohjola V, Mattila AK, Joukamaa M, Lahti S. Dental fear and alexithymia among adults in Finland. Acta Odontol Scand 2011; 69:243-7. [PMID: 21294672 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.554861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
population sample, controlling for age, gender, education and marital status as well as depressive and anxiety disorders. An additional aim was to evaluate whether gender modified this association. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The two-stage stratified cluster sample (n = 8028) represented the Finnish population aged 30 years and older. Participants (n = 5241) answered the question 'How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?' They also filled out the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), which included three sub-scales, i.e. difficulties in identifying feelings (DIF), difficulties in describing feelings (DDF) and externally oriented thinking (EOT). Anxiety and depressive disorders were assessed with a standardized structured psychiatric interview according to DSM-IV criteria. To evaluate the association between dental fear and alexithymia, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting simultaneously for the effects of possible confounding variables. RESULTS. Gender modified the association between dental fear and alexithymia. Among women, those reporting higher scores for TAS-20, DIF and EOT sub-scale scores were more likely to have high dental fear than were those reporting lower scores. Among men no such association was observed. Those participants who reported high DDF sub-scale scores were more likely to have high dental fear than were those reporting lower scores. CONCLUSIONS. Alexithymics are more likely to have high dental fear than non-alexithymics are. The findings support the suggestion that some people with dental fear may have internal personality vulnerability to anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Pohjola
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Crocombe LA, Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Brennan DS, Slade GD, Poulton R. Dental visiting trajectory patterns and their antecedents. J Public Health Dent 2011; 71:23-31. [PMID: 20880031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2010.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test whether socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood may affect dental visiting patterns between ages 18 and 32 years. METHODS Using data from a complete birth cohort, childhood SES status was measured (using the New Zealand Elley-Irving index) at each study stage between birth and 15 years. Longitudinal dental visiting data were available for 833 study participants from ages 15, 18, 26, and 32, and these were analyzed by trajectory analysis. RESULTS Three separate dental visiting trajectories were identified; these were categorized as opportunists (13.1%), decliners (55.9%), and routine attenders (30.9%). Bivariate analyses showed low SES in childhood, male sex, and dental anxiety to be associated with membership of the "opportunist" dental visiting trajectory. Multinomial logistic regression showed that low childhood SES and dental anxiety were statistically significant predictors for membership in the opportunist or decliner trajectories after accounting for potential confounding variables. CONCLUSION Individuals who grew up experiencing low childhood SES were less likely to adopt a routine dental visiting trajectory in adulthood than those with a high childhood SES. Dental anxiety was also an important predictor of dental visiting patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A Crocombe
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide.
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