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Guimarães VY, Zanoni DS, Alves CEF, Amorim RL, Takahira RK. Immunohematological features of free-living Alouatta belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766) red-handed howler monkeys in the Eastern Amazon. Primates 2022; 63:671-682. [PMID: 35972703 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-01009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) is one of the 35 threatened Brazilian primate species found in two highly endangered Brazilian biomes. Their Amazonian native populations have been declining due to exponential deforestation associated with human activities, especially the construction of dams. The studied population (n = 27) was located in the Belo Monte dam Area of Influence. For the first time, we presented hematological parameters and the basic profile of T (CD3) and B (BSAP PAX5) cells by immunocytochemistry. The results supported the hypothesis that the immuno-hematological profile is influenced by sex, age, and season. Eosinophils were significantly higher in females (p = 0.03), monocytes statistically greater in juveniles (p = 0.04), and total plasma protein increased significantly (p > 0.001) during the dry season. Furthermore, adults showed a statistically higher average absolute number of B lymphocytes than young individuals (p = 0.03), in contrast to T lymphocytes. Even without knowing the full history of antigenic exposure, these results not only contribute to elucidating the boundaries between health and disease but may help lay the groundwork for future research into the effects of anthropogenic stress on immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yunes Guimarães
- Veterinary Clinical Laboratory, Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St., Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Sousa Zanoni
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St., Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | | | - Reneé Laufer Amorim
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St., Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- Veterinary Clinical Laboratory, Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St., Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
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2
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de Souza HADS, Costa-Correa EH, Bianco-Junior C, Andrade MCR, Lima-Junior JDC, Pratt-Riccio LR, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Totino PRR. Detection of Signal Regulatory Protein α in Saimiri sciureus (Squirrel Monkey) by Anti-Human Monoclonal Antibody. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1814. [PMID: 29312325 PMCID: PMC5735064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) are suitable models for studying different aspects of the human system, including pathogenesis and protective immunity to many diseases. However, the lack of specific immunological reagents for neo-tropical monkeys, such as Saimiri sciureus, is still a major factor limiting studies in these models. An alternative strategy to circumvent this obstacle has been the selection of immunological reagents directed to humans, which present cross-reactivity with NHP molecules. In this context and considering the key role of inhibitory immunoreceptors—such as the signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα)—in the regulation of immune responses, in the present study, we attempted to evaluate the ability of anti-human SIRPα monoclonal antibodies to recognize SIRPα in antigen-presenting S. sciureus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). As shown by flow cytometry analysis, the profile of anti-SIRPα staining as well as the levels of SIRPα-positive cells in PBMC from S. sciureus were similar to those observed in human PBMC. Furthermore, using anti-SIRPα monoclonal antibody, it was possible to detect a decrease of the SIRPα levels on surface of S. sciureus cells after in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. Finally, using computed-based analysis, we observed a high degree of conservation of SIRPα across six species of primates and the presence of shared epitopes in the extracellular domain between humans and Saimiri genus that could be targeted by antibodies. In conclusion, we have identified a commercially available anti-human monoclonal antibody that is able to detect SIRPα of S. sciureus monkeys and that, therefore, can facilitate the study of the immunomodulatory role of SIRPα when S. sciureus is used as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmar Henrique Costa-Correa
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesare Bianco-Junior
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Renato Rivas Totino
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Burbacher TM, Grant KS. Nonhuman primates as animal models for toxicology research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 1:Unit1.1. [PMID: 23045019 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0101s00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is a long history for the use of nonhuman primates in toxicological research. This unit reviews applications in reproductive toxicology and teratology, neural toxicology and neurobehavioral toxicology, immunotoxicology, respiratory (lung) toxicology, and chemical carcinogenesis.
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Tougan T, Aoshi T, Coban C, Katakai Y, Kai C, Yasutomi Y, Ishii KJ, Horii T. TLR9 adjuvants enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the SE36/AHG malaria vaccine in nonhuman primate models. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:283-90. [PMID: 23291928 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SE36 antigen, derived from serine repeat antigen 5 (SERA5) of Plasmodium falciparum, is a promising blood stage malaria vaccine candidate. Ongoing clinical trials suggest the efficacy of the SE36 vaccine could be increased by the incorporation of more effective adjuvants into the vaccine formulation. In this study, we assessed the safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SE36/AHG formulated with TLR9 ligand adjuvants K3 CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides (CpG ODNs) (K3 ODN), D3 ODN or synthetic hemozoin, in two non-human primate models. SE36/AHG with or without each adjuvant was administrated to cynomolgus monkeys. A combination of TLR9 ligand adjuvant with SE36/AHG induced higher humoral and cellular immune response compared with SE36/AHG alone. Administration of a crude extract of P. falciparum parasite resulted in the induction of more SE36-specific IgG antibodies in monkeys vaccinated with a combination of SE36/AHG and adjuvant, as opposed to vaccination with SE36/AHG alone. The most effective TLR9 ligand, K3 ODN, was chosen for further vaccine trials in squirrel monkeys, in combination with SE36/AHG. All monkeys immunized with the combined SE36/AHG and K3 ODN formulation effectively suppressed parasitemia and symptoms of malaria following challenge infections. Furthermore, no serious adverse events were observed. Our results show that the novel vaccine formulation of K3 ODN with SE36/AHG demonstrates safety, potent immunogenicity and efficacy in nonhuman primates, and this vaccine formulation may form the basis of a more effective malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tougan
- Department of Molecular Protozoology; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases; Osaka University at Suita; Osaka, Japan
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5
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't Hart BA, Bauer J, Brok HPM, Amor S. Non-human primate models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Variations on a theme. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 168:1-12. [PMID: 16023737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite years of intensive research into multiple sclerosis (MS) scientists have not yet succeeded in developing an absolute therapy for the treatment of this disabling disease of the human central nervous system. The wide immunological gap between inbred rodent strains and the heterogeneous human population is probably the single most important factor that hampers the translation of scientific principles developed in rodents into effective therapies for MS. Because of the closer immunological proximity to humans, non-human primates provide useful experimental models that may help to bridge this gap. Here we review the models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rhesus macaques and common marmosets. We will discuss the salient points of the models and suggest how these may represent the spectrum of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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6
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Contamin H, Loizon S, Bourreau E, Michel JC, Garraud O, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Behr C. Flow cytometry identification and characterization of mononuclear cell subsets in the neotropical primate Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey). J Immunol Methods 2005; 297:61-71. [PMID: 15777931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neotropical primate squirrel monkey is used in many areas of biomedical research including neuroendocrinology, immunology and infectious diseases. However, research has been hampered by the lack of immunological tools for this primate. METHODS A series of 67 commercially available monoclonal antibodies to human CD antigens or cytokines were tested on Saimiri mononuclear cells and the specificity was assessed by double staining using flow cytometry. RESULTS Monoclonal antibodies defining the main mononuclear cells subsets (monocytes, B, T, including CD4 and CD8 T cells) as well as activation markers have been identified. The conditions to specifically identify the various cell subsets using two color flow cytometry and establish their relative proportions have been set-up. We also have established normal values of the main circulating mononuclear cell subsets for adult Saimiri sciureus monkeys from the breeding unit of Institut Pasteur in French Guiana. The distribution between spleen, blood and lymph nodes has been compared. CONCLUSIONS These tools allow documenting the phenotype of most Saimiri mononuclear cell subsets and assessing their activation level. This opens new perspectives for vaccinology and immunopathology research in this experimental non-human primate host, in particular for malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Contamin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
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7
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Ozwara H, Langermans JAM, Kocken CHM, van der Wel A, van der Meide PH, Vervenne RAW, Mwenda JM, Thomas AW. Transfected Plasmodium knowlesi produces bioactive host gamma interferon: a new perspective for modulating immune responses to malaria parasites. Infect Immun 2003; 71:4375-81. [PMID: 12874315 PMCID: PMC166026 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.8.4375-4381.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic pathogenic microorganisms expressing host cytokines such as gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) have been shown to manipulate host-pathogen interaction, leading to immunomodulation and enhanced protection. Expression of host cytokines in malaria parasites offers the opportunity to investigate the potential of an immunomodulatory approach by generating immunopotentiated parasites. Using the primate malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi, we explored the conditions for expressing host cytokines in malaria parasites. P. knowlesi parasites transfected with DNA constructs for expressing rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) IFN-gamma under the control of the heterologous P. berghei apical membrane antigen 1 promoter, produced bioactive IFN-gamma in a developmentally regulated manner. IFN-gamma expression had no marked effect on in vitro parasite development. Bioactivity of the parasite-produced IFN-gamma was shown through inhibition of virus cytopathic effect and confirmed by using M. mulatta peripheral blood cells in vitro. These data indicate for the first time that it is feasible to generate malaria parasites expressing bioactive host immunomodulatory cytokines. Furthermore, cytokine-expressing malaria parasites offer the opportunity to analyze cytokine-mediated modulation of malaria during the blood and liver stages of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hastings Ozwara
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Parasitology, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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8
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Herrera S, Perlaza BL, Bonelo A, Arévalo-Herrera M. Aotus monkeys: their great value for anti-malaria vaccines and drug testing. Int J Parasitol 2002; 32:1625-35. [PMID: 12435447 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates represent a valuable resource for testing potential vaccines candidates and drugs for human use. Malaria remains one of the greatest burdens for the humanity represented by approximately 500 million new clinical cases per year worldwide and at least two million deaths caused annually. Additional control measures such as vaccines and new anti-malarial compounds are therefore urgently needed. Safety and protective efficacy studies in animal models are critical steps for vaccines and drugs development and primate models are probably the most appropriate for this purpose. Although Aotus genus provides several species susceptible to both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, having different susceptibility to malaria, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra represents the best current malaria primate model because of its high susceptibility to infection by blood forms and sporozoites of both species of Plasmodium. Although the ultimate validation of this model depends upon human trials, over the past two decades these monkeys have proved very useful to test multiple malaria vaccine candidates prior to trials in humans. A good correlation between the B- and T-cell epitopes recognised by humans and by immunised monkeys has been documented, and cross reactivity between reagents for human and Aotus cytokines and lymphocyte markers have been identified and are facilitating the selection of vaccine candidates for clinical trials. Aotus also represents a good model for the screening of anti-malarial drugs and the understanding of malaria pathogenesis as well. In view of the decreasing availability of these primates, breeding programs and biomedical research facilities must be improved in countries of primate origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sócrates Herrera
- Instituto de Inmunologia, Universidad del Valle, AA 25574 Cali, Colombia.
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9
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Heppner DG, Cummings JF, Ockenhouse C, Kester KE, Lyon JA, Gordon DM. New World monkey efficacy trials for malaria vaccine development: critical path or detour? Trends Parasitol 2001; 17:419-25. [PMID: 11530353 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4922(01)02012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neither GMP malaria antigens nor GMP vaccines have been compared for efficacy in monkeys and humans. It is too risky to base categorical (go/no go) development decisions on results obtained using partially characterized (non-GMP) antigens, adjuvants that are too toxic for human use or unvalidated primate models. Such practices will lead to serious errors (e.g. failure to identify and stop flawed efforts, rejection of effective vaccine strategies) and unjustifiable delays. Successful malaria vaccine development will emphasize definitive field trials in populations at risk of malaria to define and improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Heppner
- Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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10
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Hanazono Y, Terao K, Ozawa K. Gene transfer into nonhuman primate hematopoietic stem cells: implications for gene therapy. Stem Cells 2001; 19:12-23. [PMID: 11209087 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.19-1-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are desirable targets for gene therapy because of their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities. Retroviral vectors are extensively used for HSC gene therapy. However, the initial human trials of HSC gene marking and therapy showed that the gene transfer efficiency into human HSCs with retroviral vectors was very low in contrast to the much higher efficiency observed in murine experiments. The more quiescent nature of human HSCs and the lower density of retroviral receptors on them hindered the efficient gene transfer with retroviral vectors. Since nonhuman primates have marked similarity to humans in all aspects including the HSC biology, their models are considered to be important to evaluate and improve gene transfer into human HSCs. Using these models, clinically relevant levels (around 10% or even more) of gene-modified cells in peripheral blood have recently been achieved after gene transfer into HSCs and their autologous transplantation. This has been made possible by improving ex vivo transduction conditions such as introduction of Flt-3 ligand and specific fibronectin fragment (CH-296) into ex vivo culture during transduction, and the use of retroviral vectors pseudotyped with the gibbon ape leukemia virus or feline endogenous retrovirus envelope. Other strategies including the use of lentiviral vectors and in vivo selective expansion of gene-modified cells with the drug resistance gene or selective amplifier gene (also designated the molecular growth switch) are now being tested to further increase the fraction of gene-modified cells using nonhuman primate models. In addition to the high gene transfer efficiency, high-level and long-term expression of transgenes in human HSCs and their progeny is also required for effective HSC gene therapy. For this purpose, other backbones of retroviral vectors such as the murine stem cell virus and cis-DNA elements, such as the ss-globin locus control region and the chromatin insulator, also need to be tested in nonhuman primate models. Nonhuman primate studies will continue to provide an important framework for human HSC gene therapy. Well-designed nonhuman primate studies will also offer unique insights into the HSCs, immune system, and transplantation biology characteristic of large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hanazono
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
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11
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Schelegle ES, Gershwin LJ, Miller LA, Fanucchi MV, Van Winkle LS, Gerriets JP, Walby WF, Omlor AM, Buckpitt AR, Tarkington BK, Wong VJ, Joad JP, Pinkerton KB, Wu R, Evans MJ, Hyde DM, Plopper CG. Allergic asthma induced in rhesus monkeys by house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae). THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:333-41. [PMID: 11141508 PMCID: PMC1850255 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To establish whether allergic asthma could be induced experimentally in a nonhuman primate using a common human allergen, three female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were sensitized with house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) allergen (HDMA) by subcutaneous injection, followed by four intranasal sensitizations, and exposure to allergen aerosol 3 hours per day, 3 days per week for up to 13 weeks. Before aerosol challenge, all three monkeys skin-tested positive for HDMA. During aerosol challenge with HDMA, sensitized monkeys exhibited cough and rapid shallow breathing and increased airway resistance, which was reversed by albuterol aerosol treatment. Compared to nonsensitized monkeys, there was a fourfold reduction in the dose of histamine aerosol necessary to produce a 150% increase in airway resistance in sensitized monkeys. After aerosol challenge, serum levels of histamine were elevated in sensitized monkeys. Sensitized monkeys exhibited increased levels of HDMA-specific IgE in serum, numbers of eosinophils and exfoliated cells within lavage, and elevated CD25 expression on circulating CD4(+) lymphocytes. Intrapulmonary bronchi of sensitized monkeys had focal mucus cell hyperplasia, interstitial infiltrates of eosinophils, and thickening of the basement membrane zone. We conclude that a model of allergic asthma can be induced in rhesus monkeys using a protocol consisting of subcutaneous injection, intranasal instillation, and aerosol challenge with HDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa A. Miller
- the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology;†
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan R. Buckpitt
- and the California Regional Primate Research Center Exposure Facility,§
| | | | - Viviana J. Wong
- School of Veterinary Medicine; and the Department of Pediatrics,¶
| | - Jesse P. Joad
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Reen Wu
- the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology;†
| | | | - Dallas M. Hyde
- the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology;†
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12
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Contamin H, Behr C, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Michel J. Plasmodium falciparumin the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus): infection of non-splenectomised animals as a model for exploring clinical manifestations of malaria. Microbes Infect 2000; 2:945-54. [PMID: 10962278 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans leads to a variety of symptoms ranging from an influenza-like syndrome to life-threatening complications. Animal models are useful tools for the detailed analysis of the interaction between both parasite and host factors leading to these various clinical manifestations. In this review, examining the different clinical, parasitological and haematological parameters associated with P. falciparum infection in spleen-intact monkeys, we propose this model as a good alternative for exploring some aspects of the host-parasite relationship in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Contamin
- Laboratoire d'immunologie parasitaire et centre de primatologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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13
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Yoshino N, Ami Y, Terao K, Tashiro F, Honda M. Upgrading of flow cytometric analysis for absolute counts, cytokines and other antigenic molecules of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by using anti-human cross-reactive antibodies. Exp Anim 2000; 49:97-110. [PMID: 10889948 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.49.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to effectively use cynomolgus monkeys as animal models for human diseases, more than 300 anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were studied as to their cross-reaction with various antigens from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Two hundred twenty-nine of 339 (67.55%) anti-human mAbs that react with human antigens of CD-defined molecules, chemokine receptors, and T cell receptors were cross-reactive with the monkey antigens. Using the cross-reactive antibodies and the fluorescenced beads for calibration, the procedure for the absolute count of monkey lymphocyte subsets was developed and the mean values for CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were 718 and 573/mm3, respectively. Moreover, intracellular cytokines, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN gamma, and intracellular apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2, FADD and active form of caspase-3 could be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as various tissue cells. It is therefore practicable to detail the phenotype of leukocytes, assess the production of intracellular cytokines and enumerate T-lymphocyte subsets by using the cross-reactive human antibodies with respective antigens of cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yoshino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Morales-Betoulle ME, de la Salmonière YO, Zwetyenga J, Le Scanf C, Jouin H, Michel JC. Plasmodium falciparum: immune pressure in Saimiri sciureus monkeys can select for a parasite population inducing a protective immunity that is not controlled by antibody. Exp Parasitol 1998; 90:49-57. [PMID: 9709030 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1998.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protective immunity against a Plasmodium falciparum blood infection can be passively transferred by antibodies in humans and in the primate experimental malaria model Saimiri sciureus. We report here the emergence of a novel virulent parasite population after such passive transfer of hyperimmune serum in splenectomized monkeys. These FUP-2 parasites have been partially genotyped and phenotyped. Although no genotypic variation was detected for four polymorphic loci compared to the original FUP-1 parasite population, FUP-2-infected erythrocytes exhibit little or no detectable surface determinants, including those reacting with antibodies raised against FUP-1 surface antigens. In addition, FUP-2-infected erythrocytes exhibit no rosetting or autoagglutination. Interestingly, although Saimiri monkeys control efficiently FUP-2 parasites after repetitive infections, this protection cannot be passively transferred to naive recipients. Our results suggest that antibody-mediated and antibody-independent T-cell-mediated protective responses may cooperate in controlling P. falciparum infection in splenectomized Saimiri monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Morales-Betoulle
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur de Guyane, Cayenne Cédex, BP 6010, 97306, France
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15
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Garraud O, Contamin H, Perraut R, Behr C, Gysin J. Analysis on reactivity of human lymphocyte and monocyte-specific antibodies with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). J Med Primatol 1998; 27:220-2. [PMID: 9879863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1998.tb00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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