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Houël E, Ginouves M, Azas N, Bourreau E, Eparvier V, Hutter S, Knittel-Obrecht A, Jahn-Oyac A, Prévot G, Villa P, Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Odonne G. Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia, part 2: Multi-target evaluation of widely used plants to understand medicinal practices. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 289:115054. [PMID: 35131338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leishmaniasis are widely distributed among tropical and subtropical countries, and remains a crucial health issue in Amazonia. Indigenous groups across Amazonia have developed abundant knowledge about medicinal plants related to this pathology. AIM OF THE STUDY We intent to explore the weight of different pharmacological activities driving taxa selection for medicinal use in Amazonian communities. Our hypothesis is that specific activity against Leishmania parasites is only one factor along other (anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immunomodulating, antimicrobial) activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The twelve most widespread plant species used against leishmaniasis in Amazonia, according to their cultural and biogeographical importance determined through a wide bibliographical survey (475 use reports), were selected for this study. Plant extracts were prepared to mimic their traditional preparations. Antiparasitic activity was evaluated against promastigotes of reference and clinical New-World strains of Leishmania (L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis) and L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes. We concurrently assessed the extracts immunomodulatory properties on PHA-stimulated human PBMCs and RAW264.7 cells, and on L. guyanensis antigens-stimulated PBMCs obtained from Leishmania-infected patients, as well as antifungal activity and wound healing properties (human keratinocyte migration assay) of the selected extracts. The cytotoxicity of the extracts against various cell lines (HFF1, THP-1, HepG2, PBMCs, RAW264.7 and HaCaT cells) was also considered. The biological activity pattern of the extracts was represented through PCA analysis, and a correlation matrix was calculated. RESULTS Spondias mombin L. bark and Anacardium occidentale L. stem and leaves extracts displayed high anti-promatigotes activity, with IC50 ≤ 32 μg/mL against L. guyanensis promastigotes for S. mombin and IC50 of 67 and 47 μg/mL against L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis promastigotes, respectively, for A. occidentale. In addition to the antiparasitic effect, antifungal activity measured against C. albicans and T. rubrum (MIC in the 16-64 μg/mL range) was observed. However, in the case of Leishmania amastigotes, the most active species were Bixa orellana L. (seeds), Chelonantus alatus (Aubl.) Pulle (leaves), Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don. (leaves) and Plantago major L. (leaves) with IC50 < 20 μg/mL and infection rates of 14-25% compared to the control. Concerning immunomodulatory activity, P. major and B. orellana were highlighted as the most potent species for the wider range of cytokines in all tested conditions despite overall contrasting results depending on the model. Most of the species led to moderate to low cytotoxic extracts except for C. alatus, which exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in almost all models. None of the tested extracts displayed wound healing properties. CONCLUSIONS We highlighted pharmacologically active extracts either on the parasite or on associated pathophysiological aspects, thus supporting the hypothesis that antiparasitic activities are not the only biological factor useful for antileishmanial evaluation. This result should however be supplemented by in vivo studies, and attracts once again the attention on the importance of the choice of biological models for an ethnophamacologically consistent study. Moreover, plant cultural importance, ecological status and availability were discussed in relation with biological results, thus contributing to link ethnobotany, medical anthropology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97300, Cayenne, France.
| | - Marine Ginouves
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nadine Azas
- Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR VITROME, Tropical Eukaryotic Pathogens, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Eliane Bourreau
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- CNRS - Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Hutter
- Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR VITROME, Tropical Eukaryotic Pathogens, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Adeline Knittel-Obrecht
- Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg UAR 3286 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, ESBS Pôle API, Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Jahn-Oyac
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97300, Cayenne, France
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg UAR 3286 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, ESBS Pôle API, Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Vonthron-Sénécheau
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR 7200 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Christine D, Warrick E, Bourreau E, Nouveau S, Bastien P, Rousset F, Bernerd F. 1228 Actinic lentigines from European and Japanese volunteers are characterized by a molecular and cellular inflammatory micro-environment. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tirera S, Ginouves M, Donato D, Caballero IS, Bouchier C, Lavergne A, Bourreau E, Mosnier E, Vantilcke V, Couppié P, Prevot G, Lacoste V. Unraveling the genetic diversity and phylogeny of Leishmania RNA virus 1 strains of infected Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005764. [PMID: 28715422 PMCID: PMC5531682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leishmania RNA virus type 1 (LRV1) is an endosymbiont of some Leishmania (Vianna) species in South America. Presence of LRV1 in parasites exacerbates disease severity in animal models and humans, related to a disproportioned innate immune response, and is correlated with drug treatment failures in humans. Although the virus was identified decades ago, its genomic diversity has been overlooked until now. Methodology/Principles findings We subjected LRV1 strains from 19 L. (V.) guyanensis and one L. (V.) braziliensis isolates obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis samples identified throughout French Guiana with next-generation sequencing and de novo sequence assembly. We generated and analyzed 24 unique LRV1 sequences over their full-length coding regions. Multiple alignment of these new sequences revealed variability (0.5%–23.5%) across the entire sequence except for highly conserved motifs within the 5’ untranslated region. Phylogenetic analyses showed that viral genomes of L. (V.) guyanensis grouped into five distinct clusters. They further showed a species-dependent clustering between viral genomes of L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, confirming a long-term co-evolutionary history. Noteworthy, we identified cases of multiple LRV1 infections in three of the 20 Leishmania isolates. Conclusions/Significance Here, we present the first-ever estimate of LRV1 genomic diversity that exists in Leishmania (V.) guyanensis parasites. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses of these viruses has shed light on their evolutionary relationships. To our knowledge, this study is also the first to report cases of multiple LRV1 infections in some parasites. Finally, this work has made it possible to develop molecular tools for adequate identification and genotyping of LRV1 strains for diagnostic purposes. Given the suspected worsening role of LRV1 infection in the pathogenesis of human leishmaniasis, these data have a major impact from a clinical viewpoint and for the management of Leishmania-infected patients. Leishmaniasis is a well-known parasitosis due to an infection by the protozoan Leishmania parasites firmly established in South America. In French Guiana, where leishmaniasis is a public health problem, having an annual incidence of 5.6 cases/10,000 inhabitants, 80% of Leishmania spp. parasites are infected by an endosymbiotic virus, Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1). The purpose of this study was to gain insights on the genetic variability and evolution of LRV1 at the genomic level. We subjected 20 Leishmania isolates obtained from cutaneous lesions with next generation sequencing and de novo sequence assembly. This allowed generating 24 LRV1 full-length coding sequences presenting among themselves a significant genetic diversity. The inferred phylogenetic relationships enabled to identify distinct well-supported genotypes and support the hypothesis of co-evolution between LRV1 strains and their parasite hosts. In addition, we identified multiple LRV1 infections in three parasite isolates. Based on these data, future characterization of new strains from other geographic areas and other parasite species should extend knowledge of LRV1 diversification processes. Finally, these results allowed us to identify genomic regions where best to allocate resources for subsequent analyses of LRV1 viral diversity and genotyping that could serve for accurate routine molecular diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourakhata Tirera
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Marine Ginouves
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
- National Reference Center for Leishmania, associated laboratory, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Damien Donato
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ignacio S. Caballero
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Eliane Bourreau
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emilie Mosnier
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centres Délocalisés de Préventions et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Vincent Vantilcke
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
- National Reference Center for Leishmania, associated laboratory, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Dermatology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ghislaine Prevot
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Hartley MA, Bourreau E, Rossi M, Castiglioni P, Eren RO, Prevel F, Couppié P, Hickerson SM, Launois P, Beverley SM, Ronet C, Fasel N. Leishmaniavirus-Dependent Metastatic Leishmaniasis Is Prevented by Blocking IL-17A. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005852. [PMID: 27658195 PMCID: PMC5033371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis has various outcomes, ranging from self-healing reddened papules to extensive open ulcerations that metastasise to secondary sites and are often resistant to standard therapies. In the case of L. guyanensis (L.g), about 5-10% of all infections result in metastatic complications. We recently showed that a cytoplasmic virus within L.g parasites (LRV1) is able to act as a potent innate immunogen, worsening disease outcome in a murine model. In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype of human patients infected by L.g and found a significant association between the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A, the presence of LRV1 and disease chronicity. Further, IL-17A was inversely correlated to the protective cytokine IFN-γ. These findings were experimentally corroborated in our murine model, where IL-17A produced in LRV1+ L.g infection contributed to parasite virulence and dissemination in the absence of IFN-γ. Additionally, IL-17A inhibition in mice using digoxin or SR1001, showed therapeutic promise in limiting parasite virulence. Thus, this murine model of LRV1-dependent infectious metastasis validated markers of disease chronicity in humans and elucidated the immunologic mechanism for the dissemination of Leishmania parasites to secondary sites. Moreover, it confirms the prognostic value of LRV1 and IL-17A detection to prevent metastatic leishmaniasis in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne Hartley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Castiglioni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Remzi Onur Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florence Prevel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Suzanne M. Hickerson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Pascal Launois
- World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training centre (WHO-IRTC), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stephen M. Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Catherine Ronet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Houël E, Nardella F, Jullian V, Valentin A, Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Villa P, Obrecht A, Kaiser M, Bourreau E, Odonne G, Fleury M, Bourdy G, Eparvier V, Deharo E, Stien D. Wayanin and guaijaverin, two active metabolites found in a Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC (syn. P. persoonii McVaugh) (Myrtaceae) antimalarial decoction from the Wayana Amerindians. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 187:241-8. [PMID: 27132714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC is a small tree used by the Wayana Amerindians from the Upper-Maroni in French Guiana for the treatment of malaria. AIM OF THE STUDY In a previous study, we highlighted the in vitro antiplasmodial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the traditional decoction of P. acutangulum aerial parts. Our goal was then to investigate on the origin of the biological activity of the traditional remedy, and eventually characterize active constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid-liquid extractions were performed on the decoction, and the antiplasmodial activity evaluated against chloroquine-resistant FcB1 ([(3)H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) and 7G8 (pLDH bioassay) P. falciparum strains, and on a chloroquine sensitive NF54 ([(3)H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) P. falciparum strain. The ethyl acetate fraction (D) was active and underwent bioguided fractionation. All the isolated compounds were tested on P. falciparum FcB1 strain. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) of the ethyl acetate fraction and of an anti-Plasmodium active compound, was concurrently assessed on LPS-stimulated human PBMC and NO secretion inhibition was measured on LPS stimulated RAW murine macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the fractions and pure compounds was measured on VERO cells, L6 mammalian cells, PBMCs, and RAW cells. RESULTS Fractionation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction (IC50 ranging from 3.4 to <1µg/mL depending on the parasite strain) led to the isolation of six pure compounds: catechin and five glycosylated quercetin derivatives. These compounds have never been isolated from this plant species. Two of these compounds (wayanin and guaijaverin) were found to be moderately active against P. falciparum FcB1 in vitro (IC50 5.5 and 6.9µM respectively). We proposed the name wayanin during public meetings organized in June 2015 in the Upper-Maroni villages, in homage to the medicinal knowledge of the Wayana population. At 50µg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction (D) significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion (-46%) and NO production (-21%), as previously observed for the decoction. The effects of D and guiajaverin (4) on the secretion of other cytokines or NO production were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The confirmed antiplasmodial activity of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the decoction and of the isolated compounds support the previous results obtained on the P. acutangulum decoction. The antiplasmodial activity might be due to a mixture of moderately active non-toxic flavonoids. The anti-inflammatory activities were less marked for ethyl acetate fraction (D) than for the decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, UA, UG), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
| | - Flore Nardella
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR CNRS 7200, LabEx Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch cedex, France; Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg (IPPTS) - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Jullian
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Alexis Valentin
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Catherine Vonthron-Sénécheau
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique UMR CNRS 7200, LabEx Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg UMS 3286 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis et FMTS, ESBS Pôle API, Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Obrecht
- Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg UMS 3286 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis et FMTS, ESBS Pôle API, Bld Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institution, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Bourreau
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- Laboratoire Ecologie,évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Marie Fleury
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 208 PALoc, MNHN-IRD, BP 165, 97323 Cayenne cedex, French Guiana
| | | | - Véronique Eparvier
- CNRS - Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Didier Stien
- CNRS - Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls/Mer, France.
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Ginouvès M, Simon S, Bourreau E, Lacoste V, Ronet C, Couppié P, Nacher M, Demar M, Prévot G. Prevalence and Distribution of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania Parasites from French Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:102-6. [PMID: 26598572 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In South America, the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus type 1 (LRV1) was described in Leishmania guyanensis and Leishmania braziliensis strains. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence distribution of LRV1 in Leishmania isolates in French Guiana given that, in this French overseas department, most Leishmania infections are due to these parasite species. The presence of the virus was observed in 74% of Leishmania spp. isolates, with a highest presence in the internal areas of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Ginouvès
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Simon
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Eliane Bourreau
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Catherine Ronet
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale-EA 3593-Labex CEBA-Medicine Department, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratoire Associé-Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Immunology Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana; Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
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7
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Bourreau E, Ginouves M, Prévot G, Hartley MA, Gangneux JP, Robert-Gangneux F, Dufour J, Sainte-Marie D, Bertolotti A, Pratlong F, Martin R, Schütz F, Couppié P, Fasel N, Ronet C. Presence ofLeishmaniaRNA Virus 1 inLeishmania guyanensisIncreases the Risk of First-Line Treatment Failure and Symptomatic Relapse. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:105-11. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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8
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Bourreau E, Ronet C, Darsissac E, Lise MC, Marie DS, Clity E, Tacchini-Cottier F, Couppie P, Launois P. In leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis infection, distinct intralesional interleukin-10 and Foxp3 mRNA expression are associated with unresponsiveness to treatment. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:576-9. [PMID: 19125672 DOI: 10.1086/596508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of intralesional natural regulatory T cells, characterized by the expression of Foxp3 mRNA, was analyzed in patients with localized leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis infection that was unresponsive to treatment with pentamidine isethionate. Foxp3 mRNA levels were associated with unresponsiveness to treatment among patients with a lesion duration of 1 month, but this association was not observed among patients with a lesion duration of <1 month. In conclusion, high intralesional expression of Foxp3 might be an indicator of poor response to treatment, depending on the duration of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, EA 2188, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guyana
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9
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Bourreau E, Ronet C, Couppié P, Sainte-Marie D, Tacchini-Cottier F, Launois P. IL-10 producing CD8+ T cells in human infection with Leishmania guyanensis. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:1034-41. [PMID: 17544800 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are increasingly recognized as important components of the cellular immune responses to intracellular pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the production of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IFN-gamma by PBMC of unexposed naïve subjects and LCL patients after stimulation with live Leishmania guyanensis (L.g.). We demonstrated that IFN-gamma is produced in controls and LCL patients, IL-10 only in LCL patients and TGF-beta only in naïve subjects. Furthermore, in naive subjects, neutralization of TGF-beta induced IL-10 production. IL-10 produced in naïve subjects when TGF-beta is neutralized or in LCL patients did not modify the IFN-gamma production but inhibit reactive nitrogen species production. Analysis of the phenotype of IL-10 producing cells in naive subjects when TGF-beta is neutralized clearly showed that they are memory CD45RA- CD8+ T cells. In LCL patients, IL-10 producing cells are both CD45RA- CD4 and CD8+ T cells. The role of these IL-10 producing CD8+ T cells in the development of the diseases should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana
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10
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Kariminia A, Bourreau E, Ronet C, Couppie P, Sainte-Marie D, Tacchini-Cottier F, Launois P. Selective expression of the V beta 14 T cell receptor on Leishmania guyanensis--specific CD8+ T cells during human infection. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:739-47. [PMID: 17262718 DOI: 10.1086/510912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects never exposed to Leishmania were stimulated with Leishmania guyanensis. We demonstrated that L. guyanensis-stimulated CD8(+) T cells produced interferon (IFN)- gamma and preferentially expressed the V beta 14 T cell receptor (TCR) gene family. In addition, these cells expressed cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and CCR4 surface molecules, suggesting that they could migrate to the skin. Results obtained from the lesions of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniaisis (LCL) showed that V beta 14 TCR expression was increased in most lesions (63.5%) and that expression of only a small number of V beta gene families (V beta 1, V beta 6, V beta 9, V beta 14, and V beta 24) was increased. The presence of V beta 14 T cells in tissue confirmed the migration of these cells to the lesion site. Thus, we propose the following sequence of events during infection with L. guyanensis. After initial exposure to L. guyanensis, CD8(+) T cells preferentially expressing the V beta 14 TCR and secreting IFN- gamma develop and circulate in the periphery. During the infection, these cells migrate to the skin at the site of the parasitic infection. The role of these V beta 14 CD8(+) T cells in resistance to infection remains to be determined conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kariminia
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guyana
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11
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Kariminia A, Bourreau E, Pascalis H, Couppié P, Sainte-Marie D, Tacchini-Cottier F, Launois P. Transforming growth factor beta 1 production by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects stimulated with Leishmania guyanensis. Infect Immun 2005; 73:5908-14. [PMID: 16113310 PMCID: PMC1231133 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.9.5908-5914.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to be a central immunomodulator used by leishmaniae to escape effective mechanisms of protection in human and murine infections with these parasites. However, all the information is derived from studies of established infection, while little is known about TGF-beta production in response to Leishmania stimulation in healthy subjects. In this study, TGF-beta1 production was demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects never exposed to leishmaniae in response to live Leishmania guyanensis, and the TGF-beta1-producing cells were described as a distinct subpopulation of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells. The suppressive properties of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells were demonstrated in vitro by their inhibition of production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 by CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells in the presence of either anti-CD3 or L. guyanensis. Although neutralization of TGF-beta1 did not reverse the suppressive activity of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells activated by anti-CD3, it reversed the suppressive activity of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells activated by L. guyanensis. Altogether our data demonstrated that TGF-beta1 is involved in the suppressive activity of L. guyanensis-stimulated CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kariminia
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97306 Cayenne, French Guyana
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12
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Abstract
THE SITUATION: Buruli's ulcer is a severe necrotic cutaneous infection due to Mycobacterium ulcerans. It is a major public health problem in developing countries. FROM A CLINICAL POINT OF VIEW: The early stage of the infection corresponds to a painless cutaneous nodule, whereas the late stage corresponds to ulceration with detachment of the edges. There is currently no other treatment than surgical excision combined with heat therapy. FROM A DIAGNOSTIC POINT OF VIEW: Three methods can be used: direct examination of swabs stained according to Ziehl-Neelsen's method, culture in specific medium at 32 degrees C and the polymerization chain reaction assay (PCR). The latter is the technique of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prévot
- Laboratoire d'immunologie des leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur, Cayenne, Guyane française.
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13
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Contamin H, Loizon S, Bourreau E, Michel JC, Garraud O, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Behr C. Flow cytometry identification and characterization of mononuclear cell subsets in the neotropical primate Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey). J Immunol Methods 2005; 297:61-71. [PMID: 15777931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neotropical primate squirrel monkey is used in many areas of biomedical research including neuroendocrinology, immunology and infectious diseases. However, research has been hampered by the lack of immunological tools for this primate. METHODS A series of 67 commercially available monoclonal antibodies to human CD antigens or cytokines were tested on Saimiri mononuclear cells and the specificity was assessed by double staining using flow cytometry. RESULTS Monoclonal antibodies defining the main mononuclear cells subsets (monocytes, B, T, including CD4 and CD8 T cells) as well as activation markers have been identified. The conditions to specifically identify the various cell subsets using two color flow cytometry and establish their relative proportions have been set-up. We also have established normal values of the main circulating mononuclear cell subsets for adult Saimiri sciureus monkeys from the breeding unit of Institut Pasteur in French Guiana. The distribution between spleen, blood and lymph nodes has been compared. CONCLUSIONS These tools allow documenting the phenotype of most Saimiri mononuclear cell subsets and assessing their activation level. This opens new perspectives for vaccinology and immunopathology research in this experimental non-human primate host, in particular for malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Contamin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
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14
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Prévot G, Bourreau E, Pascalis H, Pradinaud R, Tanghe A, Huygen K, Launois P. Differential production of systemic and intralesional gamma interferon and interleukin-10 in nodular and ulcerative forms of Buruli disease. Infect Immun 2004; 72:958-65. [PMID: 14742541 PMCID: PMC321599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.2.958-965.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 09/08/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is the third most important mycobacterial disease in humans besides tuberculosis and leprosy. We have compared systemic and intralesional cytokine production in patients presenting with a nodular form and a necrotizing, ulcerative form of the disease. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) levels in response to whole M. ulcerans and Mycobacterium bovis BCG bacilli and in response to purified Ag85 protein from BCG were lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures from Buruli disease patients than in PBMC from healthy purified protein derivative-positive contacts. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 content was below the detection threshold in these PBMC cultures. IFN-gamma production after stimulation with M. ulcerans was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in PBMC cultures from patients with ulcers than in those from patients with nodules. On the other hand, PBMC from Buruli disease patients produced significant levels of IL-10 in response to M. ulcerans (but not to M. bovis BCG) and production was highest in patients with the ulcerative form. Third, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated a similar difference in the local, intralesional cytokine profile for the two forms of the disease: high IFN-gamma but low IL-10 mRNA levels in nodular lesions and high IL-10 but low IFN-gamma mRNA levels in ulcerative lesions. Intralesional IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA levels were low and only detected in patients with the ulcerative form. Our results indicate, although they do not formally prove, that production of IL-10 rather than production of IL-4 or IL-13 by Th2-type T cells may be involved in the low M. ulcerans-specific IFN-gamma response in Buruli disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Prévot
- Immunologie des Leishmanies, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guyana
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15
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Bourreau E, Pascalis H, Prévot G, Kariminia A, Jolly N, Milon G, Buffet P, Michel R, Meynard JB, Boutin JP, Aschimoff D, Launois P. Increased production of interferon-gamma by Leishmania homologue of the mammalian receptor for activated C kinase-reactive CD4+ T cells among human blood mononuclear cells: an early marker of exposure to Leishmania? Scand J Immunol 2003; 58:201-10. [PMID: 12869142 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A prospective study was undertaken to define early predictive immunological marker(s) of exposure to Leishmania in naïve subjects who have never been exposed to any Leishmania and who were also free of any cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions. These naïve subjects could have been exposed to Leishmania in a rain forest where Leishmania guyanensis and their natural vectors and mammalian host are cocirculating. The production of interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to the Leishmania homologue of the mammalian receptor for activated c kinase (LACK), a candidate for vaccine against leishmaniasis was analysed. At the end of their stay in the rain forest, LACK-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in subjects whose peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) produced IFN-gamma in response to soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) and in those whose PBMC remained unresponsive to SLA. However, LACK-specific CD4+ T cells were detected only in PBMCs from individuals who became IFN-gamma responders to SLA. In subjects whose PBMC became positive to SLA, LACK-reactive CD4+ T cells producing high level of IFN-gamma were detectable before the SLA-reactive IFN-gamma producing CD4+ T cells, suggesting that the former readout assay could be used as an early predictive immunological marker of exposure to Leishmania in subjects who remained disease free.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
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16
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Pascalis H, Lavergne A, Bourreau E, Prévot-Linguet G, Kariminia A, Pradinaud R, Rafati S, Launois P. Th1 cell development induced by cysteine proteinases A and B in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2924-6. [PMID: 12704171 PMCID: PMC153268 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.5.2924-2926.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteine proteinases CPA and CPB from Leishmania major induced Th1 responses in patients with leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases induced neither interleukin 4 (IL-4) nor IL-13 and low levels of IL-10 in controls and patients. The results suggest that CPs would be quite good candidates for a vaccine against different Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Pascalis
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de le Guyane Française, Institut d'Etudes Supérieures de la Guyane, Université Antilles-Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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17
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Bourreau E, Gardon J, Pradinaud R, Pascalis H, Prévot-Linguet G, Kariminia A, Pascal L. Th2 responses predominate during the early phases of infection in patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and precede the development of Th1 responses. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2244-6. [PMID: 12654849 PMCID: PMC152072 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.4.2244-2246.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intralesional Th2 responses preceded the development of Th1 responses in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Although the number of parasites increased in Th2 lesions, no correlation was found between the levels of cytokine expression and the number of parasites. In contrast, the decreased number of parasites in Th1 lesions is negatively correlated to gamma interferon expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmaniose, Institut Pasteur, Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, E.A. 2188, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
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18
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Bourreau E, Prévot G, Gardon J, Pradinaud R, Hasagewa H, Milon G, Launois P. LACK-specific CD4(+) T cells that induce gamma interferon production in patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis during an early stage of infection. Infect Immun 2002; 70:3122-9. [PMID: 12011006 PMCID: PMC128026 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.6.3122-3129.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The profile of cytokines induced by soluble leishmania antigen (SLA) and the Leishmania homologue of the mammalian receptor for activated C kinase (LACK), a candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis, and the cellular source of the cytokines produced in response to these antigens were analyzed in patients infected with Leishmania guyanensis. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were produced in response to LACK. Although LACK-specific CD4(+) cells producing IFN-gamma were isolated only during the early phase of infection (less than 30 days following the onset of infection), cells producing IL-10 in response to LACK were detected in all patients. CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-13 were produced in response to SLA in all patients. SLA- and LACK-specific T cells are effector memory cells, as they are CD45RA(-) CCR7(-) CD4(+) T cells. CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma are CD62L(-), and CD4(+) T cells producing IL-10 are CD62L(+), indicating that these cells have different tissue-homing capacities. These findings show that SLA and LACK induce both type 1 (IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-10 or IL-13) cell responses.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Biomarkers
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/biosynthesis
- L-Selectin
- Leishmania guyanensis/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/blood
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/pathology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/immunology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses. Service d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Cayenne, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, France
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19
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Bourreau E, Collet M, Prévot G, Milon G, Ashimoff D, Hasagewa H, Parra-Lopez C, Launois P. IFN-gamma-producing CD45RA+CD8+ and IL-10-producing CD45RA-CD4+ T cells generated in response to LACK in naive subjects never exposed to Leishmania. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:510-20. [PMID: 11828368 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200202)32:2<510::aid-immu510>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania guyanensis (L.g.)-specific CD8+ T cells can be isolated from PBMC of subjects who have never been previously exposed to Leishmania. Cells that produce IFN-gamma in response to live L.g. are generated from naive CD45RA+CD8+ T cells. The generation of L.g.-specific CD8+ T cells requires the presence of whole L.g. or UV-irradiated parasite but not the soluble antigens from L.g. promastigotes. The IFN-gamma-producing T cells recognize a specific antigen, the Leishmania homologue of receptors of activated C kinases (LACK) and this antigen but not live L.g. can produce a strong IL-10 response in CD45RA-CD4+ memory T cells from naive subjects. A single epitope (amino acid 156-173) is found to induce the IL-10 synthesis. While the IFN-gamma-producing cells are present among CD45RA+CD8+ T cells that are CD62L-CDR7- and CLA-, the LACK-reactive IL-10-producing cells are CD4+ T cells that are CD62L+CCR7- and CLA-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Française, BP 6010, 97304 Cayenne, French Guiana
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20
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Bourreau E, Prévot G, Gardon J, Pradinaud R, Launois P. High intralesional interleukin-10 messenger RNA expression in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with unresponsiveness to treatment. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:1628-30. [PMID: 11740743 DOI: 10.1086/324665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2001] [Revised: 08/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intralesional expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-13, IL-10, and interferon-gamma) was analyzed in 65 patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis before specific treatment with pentamidine isethionate. The local expression of IL-10 was significantly higher in patients who responded poorly to treatment than in patients whose lesions were regressing. When an IL-10 level >10 (ratio of the concentration of IL-10 [pg/microL] to that of beta-actin [pg/microL]) was used as an indicator of treatment failure, the sensitivity of this test was 78.6, and the specificity was 72.5. Thus, high intralesional expression of IL-10 might predict a poor response to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institute Pasteur, Cayenne, French Guiana.
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Bourreau E, Prévot G, Pradinaud R, Launois P. Unresponsiveness of specific T cells to IL-12 is associated with active cutaneous leishmaniasis owing to Leishmania guyanensis. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:335-9. [PMID: 11555399 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The production of interleukin (IL)-13 and unresponsiveness to IL-12 in T cells were analyzed in patients with active localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (untreated or not responsive to treatment) and in patients who had been treated successfully for the disease. More IL-13 was produced by specific T cells in response to Leishmania guyanensis (L. guyanensis) antigens in active compared to in inactive leishmaniasis. Furthermore, unresponsiveness of specific T cells to IL-12 was detected only in patients with active leishmaniasis, i.e. in patients with detectable parasites such as untreated patients and patients unresponsive to treatment. These results support that IL-12 unresponsiveness of Leishmania-specific T cells is responsible for the persistence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanies, Institut Pasteur, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne, French Guyana
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22
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Bourreau E, Prévot G, Pradinaud R, Launois P. Interleukin (IL)-13 is the predominant Th2 cytokine in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and renders specific CD4+ T cells unresponsive to IL-12. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:953-9. [PMID: 11237813 DOI: 10.1086/319249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2000] [Revised: 12/01/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of leishmania lesion cytokine profile showed a Th2 cytokine expression pattern, as reflected by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression. There was a predominance of IL-13 in most lesions from patients with American localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania guyanensis. IL-13 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to specific leishmania antigens was confirmed in these patients. The absence of the second chain of the IL-12 receptor (IL-12Rbeta2) mRNA expression in lesions and the presence of specific IgE and IgG4 in some serum samples demonstrated the functional role of these Th2 cytokines. IL-13, unlike IL-4, rendered specific T cells unresponsive to IL-12 by inhibiting the expression of the IL-12Rbeta2 chain. These data establish the crucial role of IL-13 in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-13/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-13/genetics
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Leishmania guyanensis/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-12
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bourreau
- Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Perraut R, Morales-Betoulle S, Le Scanf C, Bourreau E, Guillotte M, Bonnefoy S, Michel J, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of carrier-free Plasmodium falciparum R23 antigen in pre-exposed saimiri sciureus monkeys. Vaccine 2000; 19:59-67. [PMID: 10924787 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that the recombinant Glutathione S-transferase GTR23, induced protection after immunisation of naive or previously exposed Saimiri monkeys. We investigated the immunogenicity of carrier-free R23 repeats in pre-exposed animals in two adjuvant formulations. Three of five monkeys immunised with alum-formulated repeats and one of two animals immunised with the Polyalphaolefine formulation produced high titres of cytophilic antibodies with a primary type kinetics, indicating that the anti-P. falciparum antibodies present on the day of challenge were R23-specific. The four responders in R23-specific antibodies were protected against a challenge infection with the virulent FUP/SP strain. The other three animals failed to respond to immunisation and experienced an infection that required drug treatment. Unlike the other three animals that experienced an infection requiring drug treatment. These experiments support further development of the R23 repeats as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perraut
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
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Talarmin A, Chandler LJ, Kazanji M, de Thoisy B, Debon P, Lelarge J, Labeau B, Bourreau E, Vié JC, Shope RE, Sarthou JL. Mayaro virus fever in French Guiana: isolation, identification, and seroprevalence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998; 59:452-6. [PMID: 9749643 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the first isolation of Mayaro (MAY) virus from a patient infected in French Guiana. The identification was initially performed using immunofluorescent antibody testing with specific mouse antibody, and confirmed by plaque-reduction neutralization testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. To determine if MAY virus infection is widespread in French Guiana, a serosurvey was performed to determine the prevalence of antibody to this virus in various ethnic groups and areas of French Guiana. Human sera (n = 1,962) were screened using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. To determine whether MAY virus circulates in the rain forest, a serosurvey in monkey populations was performed. Monkey sera (n = 150) were also screened for antibody to MAY virus using HI testing. Of the human sera tested, 6.3% were positive for anti-MAY virus antibodies. Significant differences in MAY virus seroprevalence between different age groups were observed. Seroprevalence rates increased with age, with a large increase in people 10-19 years of age in comparison with those less than 10 years of age. After adjustment for age, significant differences were also found between places of residence. The prevalence of anti-MAY virus antibody was higher in people living in contact with the forest, especially in the Haut Oyapock area (odds ratio [OR] = 97.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 48.2-197.9) and along the Maroni River (OR = 39.7, 95% CI = 20.6-76.6). The ethnic differences observed in this study were probably due to differences in residence. Among monkeys, higher seroprevalence rates were found in Alouatta seniculus (66.0%) than in Saguinus midas (18.2%). Among Alouatta, the seroprevalence increased significantly with weight (and therefore with age). This study indicates that MAY virus is present in French Guiana, and human infections occur in areas where people live near the tropical rain forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talarmin
- Centre National de Référence pour la Surveillance des Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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25
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Perraut R, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Mattei D, Bourreau E, Bonnefoy S, Bonnemains B, Gysin J, Michel JC, da Silva LP. Immunogenicity and efficacy trials with Plasmodium falciparum recombinant antigens identified as targets of opsonizing antibodies in the naive squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997; 56:343-50. [PMID: 9129541 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Plasmodium falciparum recombinant antigens PfEB200, R23, and Pfi72 consistently inhibit opsonization of infected red blood cells by protective hyperimmune Saimiri sera, indicating that they present target epitopes involved in the phagocytosis of infected red blood cells. We report here an analysis of the immune response elicited in naive squirrel monkeys injected with the individual recombinant antigens or with a mixture of the three antigens combined with a synthetic peptide. In the three administration protocols investigated, there was no evidence for the production of antibody contributing to the phagocytosis of infected red blood cells, contrasting with the increase of opsonizing antibodies elicited by these antigens in monkeys with a prior (> or = 500 days) experience with malaria infection. However, the recombinant antigens were highly immunogenic, inducing specific antibody responses to P. falciparum and to the recombinant antigens. When the monkeys immunized with the antigen combination were challenged with blood-stage parasites, there was substantial protection: three of seven immunized animals self-cured and two others experienced a delayed peak of parasitemia. Taken together with our previous findings, these results suggest that PfEB200, R23, and Pfi72 constitute interesting vaccine candidates, and show that the presence of antibodies promoting phagocytosis of infected red blood cells is not a prerequisite for protection after immunization with these antigens in the Saimiri model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Francaise, Cayenne, French Guiana
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26
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Perraut R, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Mattei D, Bourreau E, Garraud O, Bonnemains B, Pereia de Silva L, Michel JC. Induction of opsonizing antibodies after injection of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens in preimmune Saimiri sciureus monkeys. Infect Immun 1995; 63:554-62. [PMID: 7822021 PMCID: PMC173031 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.2.554-562.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Plasmodium falciparum recombinant antigens PfEB200, R23, and Pfi72 inhibit opsonization of infected erythrocytes by hyperimmune Saimiri sera, indicating that they contain target epitopes involved in the phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes. We have investigated in this study the immune response of Saimiri monkeys with previous experience of malaria infections (preimmune monkeys) after injection of these recombinant antigens, administered alone or simultaneously. The humoral response to the recombinant antigens was monitored by radioimmunoassay, and the response to P. falciparum blood stages was assayed by immunofluorescence. The relative proportion of protective versus nonprotective immunoglobulin subtypes was investigated by using 3A2/G6 and 3E4/H8 monoclonal antibodies, and the capacity of the antisera to promote in vitro phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes was evaluated. The antigens evoked in most cases a secondary-type antibody response, resulting in important increases in antigen-specific antibody titers and concomitantly in anti-P. falciparum titers. The ratio of 3A2/G6 to 3E4/H8 immunoglobulin subtypes varied with the immunogen used. Opsonizing antibodies were boosted in several animals, the most promising combination being the mixture of PfEB200 and R23 that induced long-lasting production in five of five animals. The detectable opsonizing activity appearing after immunization of the animals was antigen specific, as it was lost after adsorption of the recombinant antigens. The challenge of the animals with blood stage parasites confirmed previous findings showing a correlation between the presence of detectable opsonizing antibodies in serum and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perraut
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Française, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Perraut R, Chouteau P, Bourreau E, Bonnemains B, Garraud O. Assays for adjuvanticity of new formulations and of carrier proteins for inducing antibody responses to selected immunogens in the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. Immunol Cell Biol 1994; 72:169-75. [PMID: 8200692 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1994.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Different ways to improve antibody (Ab) responses following immunizations with selected antigens (TT and HSVgD) were investigated, and thus new adjuvant formulations and carrier molecules in a non-human primate experimental host, the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus, were assayed. Both quantitative and qualitative humoral responses were determined by means of radio-immunoassays using monoclonal Ab directed at Saimiri IgG. First, the adjuvanticity of the Syntex (SAF-1) adjuvant and of five new adjuvant formulations were assessed towards the selected Ag. This indicated that all the adjuvants induced similar antigen-specific Ab responses, although the adjuvants could modify to some extent the pattern of the qualitative Ab response. Second, we evaluated an adjuvant-free vaccine approach using a synthetic Ag from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum as immunogen, this Ag being coupled to purified protein derivative (PPD) or to a recombinant heat shock protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These constructs led to good antibody responses as well as an excellent memory effect. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) priming was required in conjunction with PPD as a carrier molecule to allow homogeneous Ab responses, whereas the heat shock protein construct gave a less homogeneous Ab response regardless of whether a BCG priming was done. We, in addition, discuss the relevance of Saimiri monkeys as experimental models for studies directed at evaluating the immunogenicity of further vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perraut
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Francaise, Cayenne, France
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28
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Garraud O, Perraut R, Blanchard D, Chouteau P, Bourreau E, Le Scanf C, Bonnemains B, Michel JC. Squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) B lymphocytes: secretion of IgG directed to Plasmodium falciparum antigens, by primed blood B lymphocytes restimulated in vitro with parasitized red blood cells. Res Immunol 1993; 144:407-18. [PMID: 8303060 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2494(93)80124-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Blood B lymphocytes obtained from Plasmodium falciparum-immune Saimiri monkeys were assayed for their in vitro differentiation in immunoglobulin-secreting cells upon restimulation with P. falciparum-parasitized Saimiri red blood cells. Selected culture conditions enabled appropriately stimulated blood B cells to secrete 3F11/G10+ IgG, detected in the supernatants by means of a dot immunobinding assay. Primed blood B lymphocytes from P. falciparum-immune Saimiri monkeys were thus able to secrete IgG when restimulated by parasitized red blood cells in the presence of T cell- and monocyte-derived cytokines (recombinant human cytokines). These primed blood B cells, which were able to differentiate, were shown to secrete antibodies reactive with P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, as detected by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and reactive with P. falciparum-infected red blood cell extracts, as detected by means of Western blot analysis. Furthermore, due to the possibility of discriminating between IgG subtypes in the squirrel monkey (3F11/G10+::3A2/G6+ IgG [associated with protection against the blood stages of P. falciparum] vs. 3F11/G10+::3E4/H8+ IgG [usually not functionally associated with protection]), we have attempted to estimate the respective proportions of each IgG subtype. In defined culture conditions, Saimiri monkey blood B cells preferentially secrete 3F11/G10+::3E4/H8+ IgG in response to parasitized red blood cells. We therefore discuss the conditions that would render this assay suitable for the selection, among P. falciparum blood stage antigens, of those that have major B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Garraud
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie parasitaire, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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29
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Parinaud J, Beaur A, Bourreau E, Vieitez G, Pontonnier G. Effect of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (Buserelin) on steroidogenesis of cultured human preovulatory granulosa cells. Fertil Steril 1988; 50:597-602. [PMID: 3139465 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to ascertain whether there is a direct effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonists on ovarian steroidogenesis, human preovulatory granulosa cells were cultured in the presence of an LH-RH agonist (Buserelin, Hoechst Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Paris, France). Cultures were performed without serum but with precursors of estrogens and progestins. In basal conditions, Buserelin, at 1 ng/ml, increased estradiol and progesterone (P) secretion, while at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/ml, no effect was observed. In the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or LH, Buserelin at 1 and 10 ng/ml did not modify the cell's steroidogenesis. However, at a concentration of 100 ng/ml, Buserelin decreased LH stimulation of P secretion. These results suggest that LH-RH agonists, at concentrations in the range of those obtained in clinical use, can modulate ovarian steroidogenesis by direct action.
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Hu ZY, Bourreau E, Jung-Testas I, Robel P, Baulieu EE. Neurosteroids: oligodendrocyte mitochondria convert cholesterol to pregnenolone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:8215-9. [PMID: 3479785 PMCID: PMC299512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte mitochondria from 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were incubated with 100 nM [3H]cholesterol. It yielded [3H]pregnenolone at a rate of 2.5 +/- 0.7 and 5-[3H]pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol at a rate of 2.5 +/- 1.1 pmol per mg of protein per hr. Cultures of glial cells from 19- to 21-day-old fetuses (a mixed population of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) were incubated for 24 hr with [3H]mevalonolactone. [3H]Cholesterol, [3H]pregnenolone, and 5-[3H]pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol were characterized in cellular extracts. The formation of the 3H-labeled steroids was increased by dibutyryl cAMP (0.2 mM) added to the culture medium. The active cholesterol side-chain cleavage mechanism, recently suggested immunohistochemically and already observed in cultures of C6 glioma cells, reinforces the concept of "neurosteroids" applied to delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids previously isolated from brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Hu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 33, Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
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31
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Robel P, Bourreau E, Corpéchot C, Dang DC, Halberg F, Clarke C, Haug M, Schlegel ML, Synguelakis M, Vourch C. Neuro-steroids: 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-derivatives in rat and monkey brain. J Steroid Biochem 1987; 27:649-55. [PMID: 2961940 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(87)90133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The rat brain accumulates pregnenolone (P) as the unconjugated steroid, the sulfate ester (S) and fatty acid esters (L). P + PS do not disappear from rat brain after combined adrenalectomy (adx) and castration (orx). PL does not serve a source of P after adx + orx. P is metabolized by several rat brain regions to progesterone and to PL. Brain microsomes contain the acyl-transferase which converts P to PL using endogenous substrates. Brain P and dehydroepiandrosterone (D) undergo a prominent circadian variation with their acrophases at the beginning of the dark span. The circadian variation of brain D persists after adx + orx. The monkey brain (Macaca fascicularis) also accumulates P and D. Adrenal suppression with dexamethasone for 4 days does not decrease the concentrations of brain P and 3rd ventricle CSFP and D. The concentrations of brain D are decreased to a much smaller extent than plasma D. D inhibits the aggressive behavior of castrated male mice exposed to lactating female intruders. This is not the case for DS or androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. The D analog 3 beta-methyl-androst-5-en-17-one, which is not estrogenic and cannot be metabolized to testosterone or estradiol, is as active as D in inhibiting the aggressive behavior of castrated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Robel
- Lab Hormones, Bicêtre, France
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