1
|
Baidamshina DR, Trizna EY, Goncharova SS, Sorokin AV, Lavlinskaya MS, Melnik AP, Gafarova LF, Kharitonova MA, Ostolopovskaya OV, Artyukhov VG, Sokolova EA, Holyavka MG, Bogachev MI, Kayumov AR, Zelenikhin PV. The Effect of Ficin Immobilized on Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Biofilms of Oral Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16090. [PMID: 38003281 PMCID: PMC10671066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Ficin, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the latex sap of the wild fig tree, has been widely investigated as a promising tool for the treatment of microbial biofilms, wound healing, and oral care. Here we report the antibiofilm properties of the enzyme immobilized on soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and CMCh itself. Ficin was immobilized on CMCh with molecular weights of either 200, 350 or 600 kDa. Among them, the carrier with a molecular weight of 200 kDa bound the maximum amount of enzyme, binding up to 49% of the total protein compared to 19-32% of the total protein bound to other CMChs. Treatment with pure CMCh led to the destruction of biofilms formed by Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans, while no apparent effect on Staphylococcus aureus was observed. A soluble Ficin was less efficient in the destruction of the biofilms formed by Streptococcus sobrinus and S. gordonii. By contrast, treatment with CMCh200-immobilized Ficin led to a significant reduction of the biofilms of the primary colonizers S. gordonii and S. mutans. In model biofilms obtained by the inoculation of swabs from teeth of healthy volunteers, the destruction of the biofilm by both soluble and immobilized Ficin was observed, although the degree of the destruction varied between artificial plaque samples. Nevertheless, combined treatment of oral Streptococci biofilm by enzyme and chlorhexidine for 3 h led to a significant decrease in the viability of biofilm-embedded cells, compared to solely chlorhexidine application. This suggests that the use of either soluble or immobilized Ficin would allow decreasing the amount and/or concentration of the antiseptics required for oral care or improving the efficiency of oral cavity sanitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Baidamshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Trizna
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Svetlana S. Goncharova
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Andrey V. Sorokin
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Maria S. Lavlinskaya
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Anastasia P. Melnik
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Leysan F. Gafarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Maya A. Kharitonova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Olga V. Ostolopovskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Valeriy G. Artyukhov
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Evgenia A. Sokolova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Marina G. Holyavka
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
- Interdepartment Research Laboratory, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named after N. E. Bauman, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Zelenikhin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salim NA, Sawair FA, Abusidu Z, Sharaireh AM, Satterthwaite JD, Hassona Y. Pattern, frequency and causes of tooth extraction among adult Syrian refugees. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:588-596. [PMID: 36414414 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS OR OBJECTIVES The Syrian crisis has resulted in a significant impact on refugee oral health status, but the scientific literature lacks information characterizing the pattern of tooth extraction in refugees. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study analyzed the pattern of tooth extraction and the associated sociodemographic factors among 626 (53.4% females, 46.6% males) Syrian refugees who were treated in dental clinics in the Zaatari camp. All adult Syrian refugees attending the dental unit at Zaatari camp were eligible to participate. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from the study sample using a validated semi-structured survey over a period of 4 months. Descriptive statistics were generated and Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, ANOVA test and Bonferroni Post Hoc test were used to examine associations between the different variables. RESULTS More than one third of the attendees (33.9%) were young adults (18-29 years), and nearly two thirds (69.8%) had no or very basic education. The mean number of teeth that needed extraction was (1.46 ± 0.84) and was significantly higher in males, smokers, older patients, and those with no or basic education. The most common cause for tooth extraction was dental caries (54.8%), followed by tooth fracture/un-restorability (38.5%), and periodontitis (3.4%); while the least common reason was tooth extraction for orthodontic treatment (0.20%). CONCLUSIONS Dental caries and its sequelae were the leading cause of tooth extraction in this refugee population. Molar teeth were found to be the most frequently extracted and lower anteriors were the least. Older age, smoking, patients with lower educational level, poor oral hygiene and male gender all predispose to a higher incidence of tooth extractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen A Salim
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Faleh A Sawair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ziad Abusidu
- Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aseel M Sharaireh
- Conservative Dpartment, School of Dentistry, The University Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Julian D Satterthwaite
- Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yazan Hassona
- Oral Medicine and Special Care Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tabaa M, Adatowovor R, Shabila A, Morford L, Dawson D, Harrison P, Aukhil I, Huang H, Stromberg A, Goncalves J, Shaddox LM. Pattern of grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis in families. J Periodontol 2023; 94:811-822. [PMID: 36370032 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and inflammatory response patterns for individual siblings diagnosed with grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) and between the related siblings within families. METHODS Sixty-nine siblings within 28 families with moderate-to-severe C-MIP were included. Clinical parameters were evaluated for symmetry regarding the affected type of teeth, side and/or arch, and bone loss pattern. The protein concentrations from in vitro whole blood cultures for 14 different lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory markers were correlated with the extent and severity of disease, within an individual sibling and among siblings within a family. RESULTS A similar disease pattern was observed among all siblings and within families. The most common teeth affected were first molars and incisors or first molars only within the permanent dentition and only molars within the primary dentition (p < 0.001). Symmetry involving molars was higher than in incisors in siblings, regardless of arch or side affected (p = 0.020). Arc-shape/vertical bone defects were the most common (p = 0.006) and higher symmetry was found for these defects in the permanent dentition (p = 0.005). Positive correlations were found between age, clinical attachment loss, and percent affected sites with several inflammatory markers. The inflammatory responses for several inflammatory markers were correlated within and among families (p < 0.050). Specifically, the intraclass correlation coefficient within families was highest (>0.5) for interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Families with C-MIP presented similar patterns of disease. The level of an inflammatory response to bacteria seemed to play a role in the extent and severity of this disease, exemplified by the high degree of correlation in these families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Tabaa
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Reuben Adatowovor
- Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Avesta Shabila
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lorri Morford
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dolph Dawson
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, Dublin School of Dentistry, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jussara Goncalves
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gil EG, Åstrøm AN, Lie SA, Rygg M, Fischer J, Rosén A, Bletsa A, Luukko K, Shi XQ, Halbig J, Frid P, Cetrelli L, Tylleskär K, Rosendahl K, Skeie MS. Dental plaque and gingival bleeding in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and controls: a multilevel analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:50-65. [PMID: 35635806 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2078505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether plaque and gingival bleeding are more frequently experienced by adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to matched controls without JIA; explore whether surface- and site-specific periodontal outcomes vary between the two groups; and for participants with JIA, investigate associations between disease-specific features and periodontal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this comparative cross-sectional study, selected surfaces, and sites of index teeth in 10-16-year-olds with JIA and matched controls were examined by modified versions of Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI). Mixed-effects logistic regressions, reporting odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), were applied. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to quantify the degree of dependency of measures within the same individual. RESULTS 144 and 159 adolescents with JIA were evaluated according to OHI-S and GBI; corresponding numbers of controls were 154 and 161. Plaque and gingival bleeding were more frequent in individuals with JIA than controls. Adjusted analyses showed association between JIA status and OHI-S > 0 (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.47 - 3.67, ICC = 0.45) and GBI > 0 (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10 - 2.16, ICC = 0.41 and 0.30). Surface-specific distribution of plaque varied among the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of increased awareness of oral health care in patients with JIA and that surface- and site-specific differences in periodontal outcomes exist between individuals with JIA and controls. Few JIA disease-specific variables associated with plaque or gingival bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stein Atle Lie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annika Rosén
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Athanasia Bletsa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Vestland, Norway
| | - Keijo Luukko
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xie-Qi Shi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Josefine Halbig
- Public Dental Health Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN), Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paula Frid
- Public Dental Health Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN), Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lena Cetrelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Tylleskär
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit Slåttelid Skeie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Strategies to Combat Caries by Maintaining the Integrity of Biofilm and Homeostasis during the Rapid Phase of Supragingival Plaque Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070880. [PMID: 35884135 PMCID: PMC9312143 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the oral cavity, including commensals and opportunistic pathogens, are organized into highly specialized sessile communities, coexisting in homeostasis with the host under healthy conditions. A dysbiotic environment during biofilm evolution, however, allows opportunistic pathogens to become the dominant species at caries-affected sites at the expense of health-associated taxa. Combining tooth brushing with dentifrices or rinses combat the onset of caries by partially removes plaque, but resulting in the biofilm remaining in an immature state with undesirables’ consequences on homeostasis and oral ecosystem. This leads to the need for therapeutic pathways that focus on preserving balance in the oral microbiota and applying strategies to combat caries by maintaining biofilm integrity and homeostasis during the rapid phase of supragingival plaque formation. Adhesion, nutrition, and communication are fundamental in this phase in which the bacteria that have survived these adverse conditions rebuild and reorganize the biofilm, and are considered targets for designing preventive strategies to guide the biofilm towards a composition compatible with health. The present review summarizes the most important advances and future prospects for therapies based on the maintenance of biofilm integrity and homeostasis as a preventive measure of dysbiosis focused on these three key factors during the rapid phase of plaque formation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Benn AML, Heng NCK, Thomson WM, Sissons CH, Gellen LS, Gray AR, Broadbent JM. Associations of sex, oral hygiene and smoking with oral species in distinct habitats at age 32 years. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12829. [PMID: 34874583 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome is ecologically diverse, complex, dynamic, and little understood. We describe the microbiota of four oral habitats in a birth cohort at age 32 and examine differences by sex, oral hygiene, and current smoking status, dental caries, and periodontal health. Oral biofilm samples collected from anterior labial supragingival, posterior lingual supragingival, subgingival, and tongue sites of 841 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study members were analysed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization; focusing on 30 ecologically important bacterial species. The four habitats exhibited distinct microbial profiles that differed by sex. Streptococcus gordonii was more dominant in supragingival and tongue biofilms of males; Porphyromonas gingivalis exhibited higher relative abundance in subgingival biofilm of females. Males had higher scores than females for periodontal pathogens at supragingival sites. The relative abundance of several putative caries and periodontal pathogens differed in smokers and non-smokers. With poor oral hygiene significantly higher proportions of Gram-negative facultative anaerobes were present in subgingival biofilm and there were higher scores for the principal components characterised by putative cariogenic and periodontal pathogens at each site. Distinctive microenvironments shape oral biofilms and systematic differences exist by sex, oral hygiene, and smoking status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M L Benn
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Oral Health Services, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas C K Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W Murray Thomson
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chris H Sissons
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lisa S Gellen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Broadbent
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marchesan J, Moss K, Morelli T, Teles F, Divaris K, Styner M, Ribeiro A, Webster-Cyriaque J, Beck J. Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1405-1413. [PMID: 33906500 PMCID: PMC8529299 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211009767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)-derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians (P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens (P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.T. Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K. Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T. Morelli
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F.R. Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K. Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A.A. Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. Webster-Cyriaque
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Measuring Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Murine Oral Microbiome with Enrichment of 16S rDNA Prior to Amplicon Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34410651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1518-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity houses a diverse consortium of microorganisms corresponding to specific microbial niches within the oral cavity. The complicated nature of sample collection limits the accuracy, reproducibility, and completeness of sample collection of the dentogingival microbiome. Moreover, large variability among human oral samples introduces inexorable confounds. Here, we introduce a method to study the dentogingival microbiome using a murine model that allows for greater control over experimental variability and permits collection of the dentogingival microbiome in an intact state and in its entirety.As an example of this approach, this chapter provides a workflow to explore the effect of dietary fiber consumption on the murine dentogingival microbiome . Mice are fed diets corresponding to Fiber, Sugar, Fiber + Sugar, and Control groups for 7 weeks. A whole-mandible extraction technique is described to isolate the mandibular dentogingival surfaces. 16S rRNA gene analysis is coupled with removal of unwanted host DNA amplification products to allow an investigation of the dental microbiome in the presence of increased fiber in terms of microbial taxonomic abundance and diversity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakamura Y, Uemura T, Kawata Y, Hirose B, Yamauchi R, Shimohama S. Streptococcus oralis Meningitis with Gingival Bleeding in a Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Intern Med 2021; 60:789-793. [PMID: 32999235 PMCID: PMC7990632 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5628-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An 81-year-old man with a history of gingival bleeding presented with a fever, headache, and drowsiness. His mouth and full dentures were unsanitary. Laboratory tests revealed Streptococcus oralis meningitis caused by odontogenic bacteremia. We reviewed eight reported cases, including the present case, because S. oralis meningitis is rare. Our review indicated that S. oralis meningitis needs to be considered when encountering cases of a fever, disturbance of consciousness, and headache with episodes of possible odontogenic bacteremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawata
- Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Japan
| | - Bungo Hirose
- Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Japan
| | - Rika Yamauchi
- Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
An YZ, Ko KA, Kim CS, Gruber R, Wang X, Lee JS. Do periodontal defects affect periodontal inflammation and destruction? Histological/microbiological changes and gene expression profiles of a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1007-1017. [PMID: 33128228 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focused on the inflammatory disease progress after periodontal defect induction and aimed to specifically determine periodontal tissue responses following dental plaque accumulation by ligatures on a site with/without standardized periodontal defect induction. METHODS After 1 month from extraction of the adjacent teeth, semi-circumferential defects were surgically created in the unilateral second and fourth premolars (test group), whereas no defects were being induced at the contralateral sites (control group). One week later, silk was used to ligate the tooth cervix at both sites to encourage the accumulation of dental plaque. Four weeks later, the tissue samples were collected for histological/histomorphometric and microarray analysis. Microbiological analysis was performed before defect induction and at ligatures, and after 4 weeks of dental plaque accumulation. RESULTS Remarkable inflammation was clinically and histologically observed in both groups after plaque accumulation, and the intrabony type of periodontal defect exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration into the connective tissue layer. Expression of genes related to inflammation such as IL-1 was highly up-regulated in test sites. However, these inflammatory infiltrations did not invade to a boundary of periodontal ligament and connective tissue attachment in both groups, and histomorphometric results corresponds to these observational results. Bacterial findings also showed no significant differences in detected microbiome compositions between control and test groups at three-time points. CONCLUSION Intrabony defect might exaggerate the plaque-induced inflammation in the aspect of inflammatory cell infiltration and the related gene expression, but both dental plaque and the pre-existing periodontal defect negligibly disrupt periodontal attachment and the underlying alveolar bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhe An
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kyung-A Ko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Bacteria within the oral cavity live primarily as complex, polymicrobial biofilms. Dental biofilms are necessary etiological factors for dental caries and periodontal diseases but have also been implicated in diseases outside the oral cavity. Biofilm is the preferred lifestyle for bacteria, and biofilms are found on almost any surface in nature. Bacteria growing within a biofilm exhibit an altered phenotype. Substantial changes in gene expression occur when bacteria are in close proximity or physical contact with one another or with the host. This may facilitate nutritional co-operation, cell-cell signaling, and gene transfer, including transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes, thus rendering biofilm bacteria with properties other than those found in free-floating, planktonic bacteria. We will discuss biofilm properties and possible consequences for future prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, NIOM, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne A Scheie
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Correlation between plaque control and gingival health using short and extended oral hygiene intervals. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2593-2597. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Proctor DM, Fukuyama JA, Loomer PM, Armitage GC, Lee SA, Davis NM, Ryder MI, Holmes SP, Relman DA. A spatial gradient of bacterial diversity in the human oral cavity shaped by salivary flow. Nat Commun 2018; 9:681. [PMID: 29445174 PMCID: PMC5813034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal patterns in microbial communities provide insights into the forces that shape them, their functions and roles in health and disease. Here, we used spatial and ecological statistics to analyze the role that saliva plays in structuring bacterial communities of the human mouth using >9000 dental and mucosal samples. We show that regardless of tissue type (teeth, alveolar mucosa, keratinized gingiva, or buccal mucosa), surface-associated bacterial communities vary along an ecological gradient from the front to the back of the mouth, and that on exposed tooth surfaces, the gradient is pronounced on lingual compared to buccal surfaces. Furthermore, our data suggest that this gradient is attenuated in individuals with low salivary flow due to Sjögren's syndrome. Taken together, our findings imply that salivary flow influences the spatial organization of microbial communities and that biogeographical patterns may be useful for understanding host physiological processes and for predicting disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Proctor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Julia A Fukuyama
- Department of Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Peter M Loomer
- Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Ashman's Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stacey A Lee
- Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nicole M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark I Ryder
- Division of Periodontology, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susan P Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Byrne SJ, Butler CA, Reynolds EC, Dashper SG. Taxonomy of Oral Bacteria. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Li J, Li Y, Qian B, Niu L, Zhang W, Cai W, Wu H, Wang P, Wang C. Development and validation of a bacteria-based index of biotic integrity for assessing the ecological status of urban rivers: A case study of Qinhuai River basin in Nanjing, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 196:161-167. [PMID: 28284134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing human disturbance to urban rivers, the extinction and biodiversity losses of some macroorganism species decreased the accuracy of bioassessment. In this study, a novel index of biotic integrity based on bacteria (Ba-IBI) was first developed for Qinhuai River in Nanjing city, China. Thirty-two biofilm samples were collected along the river bank and the bacterial communities were identified by high-throughput sequencing. By the range, responsive, and redundancy tests, four core metrics were selected from the dataset of 78 candidate metrics, including Pielou's evenness index, proportion of Paenibacillus, proportion of OTUs tolerant to organic pollution and proportion of Nitrosomonas. The results showed that the Ba-IBI was able to effectively discriminate different impaired site groups, and had a good correlation with the index of water quality (r = 0.79, p < 0.01) and the qualitative habitat evaluation index (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). Moreover, the Ba-IBI was negatively correlated with the number of population within a 1 km buffer (r = -0.71, p < 0.01). Application of the index showed that most of the sites were in the poor or bad class in the river. Our study revealed that the Ba-IBI is an effective and reliable approach for assessing the ecological status of Qinhuai River basin, which can complement the existing ecological assessment approaches for urban rivers. Meanwhile, repeted surveys and field validations are still needed to further improve the applicability of the index in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Bao Qian
- Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Hainan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biochemical and Clinical Assessments of Segmental Maxillary Posterior Tooth Intrusion. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:2689642. [PMID: 28321256 PMCID: PMC5340957 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2689642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To compare chondroitin sulphate (CS) levels around maxillary second premolars, first molars, and second molars between the unloaded and the loaded periods and to measure the rates of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth during segmental posterior tooth intrusion. Materials and Methods. In this prospective clinical study, 105 teeth (from 15 patients exhibiting anterior open bite and requiring maxillary posterior tooth intrusion) were studied. Competitive ELISA was used to detect CS levels. Dental casts (during the unloaded and loaded periods) were scanned, and posterior tooth intrusion distances were measured. Results. During the unloaded period, the median CS levels around maxillary second premolars, first molars, second molars (experimental teeth), and mandibular first molars (negative control) were 0.006, 0.055, 0.056, and 0.012 and during the loaded period were 2.592, 5.738, 4.727, and 0.163 ng/μg of total protein, respectively. The median CS levels around experimental teeth were significantly elevated during the loaded period. The mean rates of maxillary second premolar and first and second molar intrusion were 0.72, 0.58, and 0.40 mm/12 weeks, respectively. Conclusions. Biochemical and clinical assessments suggested that the segmental posterior tooth intrusion treatment modality with 50 g of vertical force per side was sufficient. Trial Registration. The study is registered as TCTR20170206006.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shaw L, Harjunmaa U, Doyle R, Mulewa S, Charlie D, Maleta K, Callard R, Walker AS, Balloux F, Ashorn P, Klein N. Distinguishing the Signals of Gingivitis and Periodontitis in Supragingival Plaque: a Cross-Sectional Cohort Study in Malawi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6057-67. [PMID: 27520811 PMCID: PMC5038043 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01756-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Periodontal disease ranges from gingival inflammation (gingivitis) to the inflammation and loss of tooth-supporting tissues (periodontitis). Previous research has focused mainly on subgingival plaque, but supragingival plaque composition is also known to be associated with disease. Quantitative modeling of bacterial abundances across the natural range of periodontal severities can distinguish which features of disease are associated with particular changes in composition. We assessed a cross-sectional cohort of 962 Malawian women for periodontal disease and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V5 to V7 region) to characterize the bacterial compositions of supragingival plaque samples. Associations between bacterial relative abundances and gingivitis/periodontitis were investigated by using negative binomial models, adjusting for epidemiological factors. We also examined bacterial cooccurrence networks to assess community structure. The main differences in supragingival plaque compositions were associated more with gingivitis than periodontitis, including higher bacterial diversity and a greater abundance of particular species. However, even after controlling for gingivitis, the presence of subgingival periodontitis was associated with an altered supragingival plaque. A small number of species were associated with periodontitis but not gingivitis, including members of Prevotella, Treponema, and Selenomonas, supporting a more complex disease model than a linear progression following gingivitis. Cooccurrence networks of periodontitis-associated taxa clustered according to periodontitis across all gingivitis severities. Species including Filifactor alocis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were central to this network, which supports their role in the coaggregation of periodontal biofilms during disease progression. Our findings confirm that periodontitis cannot be considered simply an advanced stage of gingivitis even when only considering supragingival plaque. IMPORTANCE Periodontal disease is a major public health problem associated with oral bacteria. While earlier studies focused on a small number of periodontal pathogens, it is now accepted that the whole bacterial community may be important. However, previous high-throughput marker gene sequencing studies of supragingival plaque have largely focused on high-income populations with good oral hygiene without including a range of periodontal disease severities. Our study includes a large number of low-income participants with poor oral hygiene and a wide range of severities, and we were therefore able to quantitatively model bacterial abundances as functions of both gingivitis and periodontitis. A signal associated with periodontitis remains after controlling for gingivitis severity, which supports the concept that, even when only considering supragingival plaque, periodontitis is not simply an advanced stage of gingivitis. This suggests the future possibility of diagnosing periodontitis based on bacterial occurrences in supragingival plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Shaw
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Harjunmaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ronan Doyle
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simeon Mulewa
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Davie Charlie
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ken Maleta
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robin Callard
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nigel Klein
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mengatto CM, Marchini L, Bernardes LADS, Gomes SC, Silva AM, Rizzatti-Barbosa CM. Partial denture metal framework may harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria. J Adv Prosthodont 2016; 7:468-74. [PMID: 26816577 PMCID: PMC4722151 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.6.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize and compare bacterial diversity on the removable partial denture (RPD) framework over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive pilot study included five women who were rehabilitated with free-end mandibular RPD. The biofilm on T-bar clasps were collected 1 week (t1) and 4 months (t2) after the RPD was inserted (t0). Bacterial 16S rDNA was extracted and PCR amplified. Amplicons were cloned; clones were submitted to cycle sequencing, and sequences were compared with GenBank (98% similarity). RESULTS A total of 180 sequences with more than 499 bp were obtained. Two phylogenetic trees with 84 (t1) and 96 (t2) clones represented the bacteria biofilm at the RPD. About 93% of the obtained phylotypes fell into 25 known species for t1 and 17 for t2, which were grouped in 5 phyla: Firmicutes (t1=82%; t2=60%), Actinobacteria (t1=5%; t2=10%), Bacteroidetes (t1=2%; t2=6%), Proteobacteria (t1=10%; t2=15%) and Fusobacteria (t1=1%; t2=8%). The libraries also include 3 novel phylotypes for t1 and 11 for t2. Library t2 differs from t1 (P=.004); t1 is a subset of the t2 (P=.052). Periodontal pathogens, such as F. nucleatum, were more prevalent in t2. CONCLUSION The biofilm composition of the RPD metal clasps changed along time after RPD wearing. The RPD framework may act as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic bacteria and the RPD wearers may benefit from regular follow-up visits and strategies on prosthesis-related oral health instructions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Machado Mengatto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alecsandro Moura Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, School of Dentistry, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Marisa Rizzatti-Barbosa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Microbial Diversity in the Early In Vivo-Formed Dental Biofilm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1881-8. [PMID: 26746720 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03984-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mature dental biofilm composition is well studied, there is very little information on the earliest phase of in vivo tooth colonization. Progress in dental biofilm collection methodologies and techniques of large-scale microbial identification have made new studies in this field of oral biology feasible. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal changes and diversity of the cultivable and noncultivable microbes in the early dental biofilm. Samples of early dental biofilm were collected from 11 healthy subjects at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after removal of plaque and pellicle from tooth surfaces. With the semiquantitative Human Oral Microbiome Identification Microarray (HOMIM) technique, which is based on 16S rRNA sequence hybridizations, plaque samples were analyzed with the currently available 407 HOMIM microbial probes. This led to the identification of at least 92 species, with streptococci being the most abundant bacteria across all time points in all subjects. High-frequency detection was also made with Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Gemella haemolysans, Slackia exigua, and Rothia species. Abundance changes over time were noted for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus intermedius (P = 0.02), Streptococcus mitis bv. 2 (P = 0.0002), Streptococcus oralis (P = 0.0002), Streptococcus cluster I (P = 0.003), G. haemolysans (P = 0.0005), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (P = 0.02). Among the currently uncultivable microbiota, eight phylotypes were detected in the early stages of biofilm formation, one belonging to the candidate bacterial division TM7, which has attracted attention due to its potential association with periodontal disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Molina CA, Ojeda LF, Jiménez MS, Portillo CM, Olmedo IS, Hernández TM, Moreno GG. Diabetes and Periodontal Diseases: An Established Two-Way Relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2016.64024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
CALLAHAN BENJAMIN, PROCTOR DIANA, RELMAN DAVID, FUKUYAMA JULIA, HOLMES SUSAN. REPRODUCIBLE RESEARCH WORKFLOW IN R FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PERSONALIZED HUMAN MICROBIOME DATA. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2016; 21:183-94. [PMID: 26776185 PMCID: PMC4873301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a reproducible research workflow for amplicon-based microbiome studies in personalized medicine created using Bioconductor packages and the knitr markdown interface.We show that sometimes a multiplicity of choices and lack of consistent documentation at each stage of the sequential processing pipeline used for the analysis of microbiome data can lead to spurious results. We propose its replacement with reproducible and documented analysis using R packages dada2, knitr, and phyloseq. This workflow implements both key stages of amplicon analysis: the initial filtering and denoising steps needed to construct taxonomic feature tables from error-containing sequencing reads (dada2), and the exploratory and inferential analysis of those feature tables and associated sample metadata (phyloseq). This workow facilitates reproducible interrogation of the full set of choices required in microbiome studies. We present several examples in which we leverage existing packages for analysis in a way that allows easy sharing and modification by others, and give pointers to articles that depend on this reproducible workflow for the study of longitudinal and spatial series analyses of the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy and the oral microbiome in humans with healthy dentition and intra-oral tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - DIANA PROCTOR
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 and VA, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - DAVID RELMAN
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, and Medicine Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 and VA, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - JULIA FUKUYAMA
- Statistics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - SUSAN HOLMES
- Statistics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park JB, Lee SH, Kim N, Park S, Jin SH, Choi BK, Kim KK, Ko Y. Instrumentation With Ultrasonic Scalers Facilitates Cleaning of the Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Titanium Implants. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2015; 41:419-28. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical instrumentation is widely used to debride dental implants, but this may alter the surface properties of titanium, which in turn may influence bacterial adhesion and make it more difficult to remove the biofilm. This in vitro study was performed (1) to assess the amount of biofilm formation on a sand-blasted and acid-etched titanium fixture treated with ultrasonic scalers with metal, plastic, and carbon tips and (2) to evaluate how this treatment of titanium surfaces affects implant cleaning by brushing with dentifrice. The titanium fixtures were treated with various ultrasonic scaler tips, and surface roughness parameters were measured by confocal microscopy. Biofilm was formed on the treated fixtures by using pooled saliva from 10 subjects, and the quantity of the adherent bacteria was compared with crystal violet assay. The fixture surfaces with biofilm were brushed for total of 30 seconds with a toothbrush with dentifrice. The bacteria remaining on the brushed fixture surfaces were quantified by scanning electron microscopy. Surface changes were evident, and the changes of the surfaces were more discernible when metal tips were used. A statistically significant decrease in roughness value (arithmetic mean height of the surface) was seen in the 2 metal-tip groups and the single plastic-tip group. After brushing with dentifrice, the treated surfaces in all the treatment groups showed significantly fewer bacteria compared with the untreated surfaces in the control group, and the parts of the surfaces left untreated in the test groups. Within the limits of this study, treatment of titanium fixture surfaces with ultrasonic metal, plastic, or carbon tips significantly enhanced the bacterial removal efficacy of brushing. Thorough instrumentation that smooths the whole exposed surface may facilitate maintenance of the implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - NamRyang Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jin
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kack-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Investigation of salivary function and oral microbiota of radiation caries-free people with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123137. [PMID: 25860481 PMCID: PMC4393271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation caries have been reported to be correlated with radiotherapy-induced destruction of salivary function and changes in oral microbiota. There have been no published reports detailing patients who have remained radiation caries-free following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between salivary function, oral microbiota and the absence of radiation caries. Twelve radiation caries-free patients and nine patients exhibiting radiation caries following irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected. V40, the dose at which the volume of the contralateral parotid gland receives more than 40 Gy, was recorded. Stimulated saliva flow rate, pH values and buffering capacity were examined to assess salivary function. Stimulated saliva was used for molecular profiling by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. Mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli in saliva were also cultivated. There were no significant differences in V40 between radiation caries-free individuals and those with radiation caries. Compared with normal values, the radiation caries-free group had significantly decreased simulated saliva flow rate, while there were no significant differences in the saliva pH value and buffering capacity. Similar results were observed in the radiation caries group. There was no statistical difference in microbial diversity, composition and log CFU counts in cultivation from the radiation caries-free group and the radiation caries group. Eleven genera were detected in these two groups, among which Streptococcus spp. and Neisseria spp. had the highest distribution. Our results suggest that changes in salivary function and in salivary microbiota do not explain the absence of radiation caries in radiation caries-free individuals.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Oral Biofilms are one of the most complex and diverse ecosystem developed by successive colonization of more than 600 bacterial taxa. Development starts with the attachment of early colonizers such as Actinomyces species and oral streptococci on the acquired pellicle and tooth enamel. These bacteria not only adhere to tooth surface but also interact with each other and lay foundation for attachment of bridging colonizer such as Fusobacterium nucleatum followed by late colonizers including the red complex species: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola-the founders of periodontal disease. As the biofilm progresses from supragingival sites to subgingival sites, the environment changes from aerobic to anaerobic thus favoring the growth of mainly Gram-negative obligate anaerobes while restricting the growth of the early Gram-positive facultative aerobes. Microbes present at supragingival level are mainly related to gingivitis and root-caries whereas subgingival species advance the destruction of teeth supporting tissues and thus causing periodontitis. This review summarizes our present understanding and recent developments on the characteristic features of supra- and subgingival biofilms, interaction between different genera and species of bacteria constituting these biofilms and draws our attention to the role of some of the recently discovered members of the oral community.
Collapse
|
25
|
Noble JM, Scarmeas N, Celenti RS, Elkind MSV, Wright CB, Schupf N, Papapanou PN. Serum IgG antibody levels to periodontal microbiota are associated with incident Alzheimer disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114959. [PMID: 25522313 PMCID: PMC4270775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with systemic inflammation. This research studied serum IgG to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident AD. Methods Using a case-cohort study design, 219 subjects (110 incident AD cases and 109 controls without incident cognitive impairment at last follow-up), matched on race-ethnicity, were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a cohort of longitudinally followed northern Manhattan residents aged >65 years. Mean follow-up was five years (SD 2.6). In baseline sera, serum IgG levels were determined for bacteria known to be positively or negatively associated with periodontitis (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies-2). In all analyses, we used antibody threshold levels shown to correlate with presence of moderate-severe periodontitis. Results Mean age was 72 years (SD 6.9) for controls, and 79 years (SD 4.6) for cases (p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 26%, non-Hispanic Blacks 27%, and Hispanics 48% of the sample. In a model adjusting for baseline age, sex, education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, prior history of stroke, and apolipoprotein E genotype, high anti-A. naeslundii titer (>640 ng/ml, present in 10% of subjects) was associated with increased risk of AD (HR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.8). This association was stronger after adjusting for other significant titers (HR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.5–6.4). In this model, high anti-E. nodatum IgG (>1755 ng/ml; 19% of subjects) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2–0.9). Conclusions Serum IgG levels to common periodontal microbiota are associated with risk for developing incident AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Noble
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry, and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Romanita S. Celenti
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mitchell S. V. Elkind
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology & Public Health Sciences, and the Neuroscience Program, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fernandez y Mostajo M, van der Reijden WA, Buijs MJ, Beertsen W, Van der Weijden F, Crielaard W, Zaura E. Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:95. [PMID: 25101249 PMCID: PMC4107829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria live in symbiosis with the host. Therefore, when mouthwashes are indicated, selective inhibition of taxa contributing to disease is preferred instead of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The potential selectivity of an oxygenating mouthwash, Ardox-X® (AX), has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of AX and the effects of a twice-daily oral rinse on dental plaque composition. Material and methods:In vitro, 16 oral bacterial strains were tested using agar diffusion susceptibility, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. A pilot clinical study was performed with 25 healthy volunteers. Clinical assessments and microbiological sampling of supragingival plaque were performed at 1 month before the experiment (Pre-exp), at the start of the experiment (Baseline) and after the one-week experimental period (Post-exp). During the experiment individuals used AX mouthwash twice daily in absence of other oral hygiene measures. The microbiological composition of plaque was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: AX showed high inter-species variation in microbial growth inhibition. The tested Prevotella strains and Fusobacterium nucleatum showed the highest sensitivity, while streptococci and Lactobacillus acidophilus were most resistant to AX. Plaque scores at Pre-exp and Baseline visits did not differ significantly (p = 0.193), nor did the microbial composition of plaque. During a period of 7-days non-brushing but twice daily rinsing plaque scores increased from 2.21 (0.31) at Baseline to 2.43 (0.39) Post-exp. A significant microbial shift in composition was observed: genus Streptococcus and Veillonella increased while Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium and Capnocytophaga decreased (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: AX has the potential for selective inhibition of oral bacteria. The shift in oral microbiome after 1 week of rinsing deserves further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Fernandez y Mostajo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wil A van der Reijden
- Regional Laboratory for Public Health Haarlem, Department Molecular Biology Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Beertsen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Teles R, Teles F, Frias-Lopez J, Paster B, Haffajee A. Lessons learned and unlearned in periodontal microbiology. Periodontol 2000 2014; 62:95-162. [PMID: 23574465 PMCID: PMC3912758 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are initiated by bacterial species living in polymicrobial biofilms at or below the gingival margin and progress largely as a result of the inflammation elicited by specific subgingival species. In the past few decades, efforts to understand the periodontal microbiota have led to an exponential increase in information about biofilms associated with periodontal health and disease. In fact, the oral microbiota is one of the best-characterized microbiomes that colonize the human body. Despite this increased knowledge, one has to ask if our fundamental concepts of the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases have really changed. In this article we will review how our comprehension of the structure and function of the subgingival microbiota has evolved over the years in search of lessons learned and unlearned in periodontal microbiology. More specifically, this review focuses on: (i) how the data obtained through molecular techniques have impacted our knowledge of the etiology of periodontal infections; (ii) the potential role of viruses in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases; (iii) how concepts of microbial ecology have expanded our understanding of host-microbe interactions that might lead to periodontal diseases; (iv) the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases; and (v) the impact of these evolving concepts on therapeutic and preventive strategies to periodontal infections. We will conclude by reviewing how novel systems-biology approaches promise to unravel new details of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and hopefully lead to a better understanding of their mechanisms.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hope CK, Wang Q, Burnside G, Adeyemi AA, Quenby S, Smith PW, Higham SM, Whitworth M. Assessing the association between oral hygiene and preterm birth by quantitative light-induced fluorescence. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:374694. [PMID: 24511282 PMCID: PMC3913385 DOI: 10.1155/2014/374694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the purported link between oral hygiene and preterm birth by using image analysis tools to quantify dental plaque biofilm. Volunteers (n = 91) attending an antenatal clinic were identified as those considered to be "at high risk" of preterm delivery (i.e., a previous history of idiopathic preterm delivery, case group) or those who were not considered to be at risk (control group). The women had images of their anterior teeth captured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). These images were analysed to calculate the amount of red fluorescent plaque (ΔR%) and percentage of plaque coverage. QLF showed little difference in ΔR% between the two groups, 65.00% case versus 68.70% control, whereas there was 19.29% difference with regard to the mean plaque coverage, 25.50% case versus 20.58% control. A logistic regression model showed a significant association between plaque coverage and case/control status (P = 0.031), controlling for other potential predictor variables, namely, smoking status, maternal age, and body mass index (BMI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Hope
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Girvan Burnside
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Adejumoke A. Adeyemi
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Division of Reproductive Health, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Philip W. Smith
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Susan M. Higham
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Melissa Whitworth
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Centre for Women's Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Piau C, Arvieux C, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Capnocytophaga spp. involvement in bone infections: a review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:509-15. [PMID: 23642766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Capnocytophaga are commensal gliding bacteria that are isolated from human and animal oral flora and are responsible for infections both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Accumulation of microbial plaque, loss of collagen attachment, and alveolar bone resorption around the tooth can lead to local Capnocytophaga spp. bone infections. These capnophilic bacteria, from oral sources or following domestic animal bites, are also causative agents of bacteraemia and systemic infections as well as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and infections on implants and devices. The present literature review describes the main aetiologies of bone infections due to Capnocytophaga spp., the cellular mechanisms involved, methods used for diagnosis, antimicrobial susceptibility, and effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Piau
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Rennes University Hospital, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35043 Rennes, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eberhard J, Grote K, Luchtefeld M, Heuer W, Schuett H, Divchev D, Scherer R, Schmitz-Streit R, Langfeldt D, Stumpp N, Staufenbiel I, Schieffer B, Stiesch M. Experimental gingivitis induces systemic inflammatory markers in young healthy individuals: a single-subject interventional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55265. [PMID: 23408963 PMCID: PMC3567060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We here investigated whether experimental gingivitis enhances systemic markers of inflammation which are also known as surrogate markers of atherosclerotic plaque development. Background Gingivitis is a low-level oral infection induced by bacterial deposits with a high prevalence within Western populations. A potential link between the more severe oral disease periodontitis and cardiovascular disease has already been shown. Methods 37 non-smoking young volunteers with no inflammatory disease or any cardiovascular risk factors participated in this single-subject interventional study with an intra-individual control. Intentionally experimental oral inflammation was induced by the interruption of oral hygiene for 21 days, followed by a 21-days resolving phase after reinitiation of oral hygiene. Primary outcome measures at baseline, day 21 and 42 were concentrations of hsCRP, IL-6, and MCP-1, as well as adhesion capacity and oxLDL uptake of isolated blood monocytes. Results The partial cessation of oral hygiene procedures was followed by the significant increase of gingival bleeding (34.0%, P<0.0001). This local inflammation was associated with a systemic increase in hsCRP (0.24 mg/L, P = 0.038), IL-6 (12.52 ng/L, P = 0.0002) and MCP-1 (9.10 ng/l, P = 0.124) in peripheral blood samples between baseline and day 21, which decreased at day 42. Monocytes showed an enhanced adherence to endothelial cells and increased foam cell formation after oxLDL uptake (P<0.050) at day 21 of gingivitis. Conclusions Bacterial-induced gingival low-level inflammation induced a systemic increase in inflammatory markers. Dental hygiene almost completely reversed this experimental inflammatory process, suggesting that appropriate dental prophylaxis may also limit systemic markers of inflammation in subjects with natural gingivitis. International Clinical Trials Register Platform of the World Health Organization, registry number: DRKS00003366, URL: http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Default.aspx
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Eberhard
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Influence of thermoplastic retainers on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus adhesion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141:598-603. [PMID: 22554754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was designed to test the hypothesis that thermoplastic retainers influence oral microbial flora during the retention period because they prevent the flushing effect of saliva on dental and mucous tissues. METHODS Twenty-four orthodontic patients finished the study. After debonding, the patients were given thermoplastic retainers (Essix ACE 0.040-in plastic, Dentsply International, York, Pa) for both jaws and instructed to wear them all day. Plaque samples from tooth surfaces and saliva samples were collected from each patient just after debonding (T0), and on day 15 (T1), day 30 (T2), and day 60 (T3) of retention. The jaws were divided into 6 regions, and the data for each region were evaluated separately. Total viable Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans colonies were counted, and the numbers of the viable microorganisms were calculated. RESULTS The numbers of Lactobacillus colonies at T3 were higher than at T0, T1, and T2, and the difference between T0 and T3 was statistically significant (P <0.05). The numbers of S mutans colonies at T3 were higher than at T0, T1, and T2, and the differences between T0 and T1, and T1 and T2 were statistically significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Retention with thermoplastic retainers might create oral conditions conducive to S mutans and Lactobacillus colonization on dental surfaces.
Collapse
|
32
|
Teles FR, Teles RP, Sachdeo A, Uzel NG, Song XQ, Torresyap G, Singh M, Papas A, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Comparison of microbial changes in early redeveloping biofilms on natural teeth and dentures. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1139-48. [PMID: 22443543 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfaces and fluids can affect oral bacterial colonization. The aim of this study is to compare redeveloping biofilms on natural teeth and dentures. METHODS Supragingival plaque samples were taken from 55 dentate individuals and the denture teeth of 62 edentulous individuals before and after professional cleaning. Also, samples from seven "teeth" (samples included dentures) in randomly selected quadrants were collected after 1, 2, 4, and 7 days of no oral hygiene. Samples were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Counts and proportions of 41 bacterial taxa were determined at each time point, and significant differences were determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Ecological succession was determined using a modified moving window analysis. RESULTS Mean total DNA probe counts were similar precleaning but were higher in dentate individuals at all post-cleaning visits (P <0.01). Precleaning edentate biofilms had higher counts and proportions of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mutans, whereas dentate individuals had higher proportions of Tannerella forsythia, Selenomonas noxia, and Neisseria mucosa. By day 2, mean counts of all taxa were higher in natural teeth, and most remained higher at day 7 (P <0.01). Succession was more rapid and complex in dentate individuals. Both groups demonstrated increased proportions of S. mitis and S. oralis by day 1. N. mucosa, Veillonella parvula, and Eikenella corrodens increased in both groups, but later in samples from edentate individuals. CONCLUSIONS "Mature" natural and denture teeth biofilms have similar total numbers of bacteria but different species proportions. Post-cleaning biofilm redevelopment is more rapid and more complex on natural teeth than on denture teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R Teles
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Siddiqui H, Nederbragt AJ, Lagesen K, Jeansson SL, Jakobsen KS. Assessing diversity of the female urine microbiota by high throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:244. [PMID: 22047020 PMCID: PMC3228714 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urine within the urinary tract is commonly regarded as "sterile" in cultivation terms. Here, we present a comprehensive in-depth study of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences associated with urine from healthy females by means of culture-independent high-throughput sequencing techniques. Results Sequencing of the V1V2 and V6 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene using the 454 GS FLX system was performed to characterize the possible bacterial composition in 8 culture-negative (<100,000 CFU/ml) healthy female urine specimens. Sequences were compared to 16S rRNA databases and showed significant diversity, with the predominant genera detected being Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Gardnerella. The bacterial profiles in the female urine samples studied were complex; considerable variation between individuals was observed and a common microbial signature was not evident. Notably, a significant amount of sequences belonging to bacteria with a known pathogenic potential was observed. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for individual samples varied substantially and was in the range of 20 - 500. Conclusions Normal female urine displays a noticeable and variable bacterial 16S rDNA sequence richness, which includes fastidious and anaerobic bacteria previously shown to be associated with female urogenital pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Siddiqui
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Teles FR, Teles RP, Uzel NG, Song XQ, Torresyap G, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Early microbial succession in redeveloping dental biofilms in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:95-104. [PMID: 21895662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The development of dental biofilms after professional plaque removal is very rapid. However, it is not clear whether most bacterial species return at similar rates in periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects or if there are differences in bacterial recolonization between supragingival and subgingival biofilms in periodontal health and disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were taken separately from 28 teeth in 38 healthy and 17 periodontitis subjects immediately after professional cleaning. Samples were taken again from seven teeth in randomly selected quadrants after 1, 2, 4 and 7 d of no oral hygiene and analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The percentage of DNA probe counts were averaged within subjects at each time-point. Ecological succession was determined using a modified moving-window analysis. RESULTS Succession in supragingival biofilms from subjects with periodontitis and from healthy individuals was similar. At 1 d, Streptococcus mitis and Neisseria mucosa showed increased proportions, followed by Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus oralis at 1-4 d. At 4-7 d, Campylobacter rectus, Campylobacter showae, Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella nigrescens became elevated. Subgingival plaque redevelopment was slower and very different from supragingival plaque redevelopment. Increased proportions were first observed for S. mitis, followed by V. parvula and C. gingivalis and, at 7 d, by Capnocytophaga sputigena and P. nigrescens. No significant increase in the proportions of periodontal pathogens was observed in any of the clinical groups or locations. CONCLUSION There is a defined order in bacterial species succession in early supragingival and subgingival biofilm redevelopment after professional cleaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R Teles
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim YS, Lee YM, Park JS, Lee SK, Kim EC. SIRT1 modulates high-mobility group box 1-induced osteoclastogenic cytokines in human periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1310-20. [PMID: 20803525 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone resorptive cytokines contribute to bone loss in periodontal disease. However, the involvement of SIRT1 in high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced osteoclastic cytokine production remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the responses of human periodontal ligament cells to HMGB1 and to identify the underlying mechanisms. The effect of HMGB1 on osteoclastic cytokine expression and secretion, and the regulatory mechanisms involved were studied by ELISA, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. HMGB1 upregulated the mRNA expression levels of the osteoclastic cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-11, and IL-17. In addition, HMGB1 upregulated RANKL mRNA expression, and SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression. The upregulation of these cytokines by HMGB1 was attenuated by pretreatment with inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB, as well as neutralizing antibodies against Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Inhibition of SIRT1 by sirtinol or SIRT1 siRNA blocked the HMGB1-stimulated expression of RANKL and cytokines. These results suggest that the inhibition of SIRT1 may attenuate HMGB1-mediated periodontal bone resorption through the modulation of osteoclastogenic cytokine levels in human periodontal ligament cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sreenivasan PK, Vered Y, Zini A, Mann J, Kolog H, Steinberg D, Zambon JJ, Haraszthy VI, da Silva MP, De Vizio W. A 6-month study of the effects of 0.3% triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on dental implants. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 38:33-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Haffajee AD, Teles RP, Patel MR, Song X, Yaskell T, Socransky SS. Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. II. Tooth position. J Periodontal Res 2008; 44:520-8. [PMID: 18973539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Little is known regarding the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that tooth location affects the microbial composition of supragingival plaque beyond the effect due to plaque mass as reflected by total DNA probe count. MATERIAL AND METHODS Supragingival plaque samples were taken from the mesiobuccal aspect of each tooth in 187 subjects (n = 4745 samples). All samples were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Significance of differences in mean species counts and proportions were determined among tooth surfaces and six tooth type categories: molars, bicuspids, incisors/canines in the mandible and maxilla separately using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between species proportions and total DNA probe count, tooth location, periodontal and smoking status, age and sex. RESULTS All species differed significantly among tooth types and among the six tooth categories. Higher plaque levels were seen on molars and lower incisors. Some differences observed between tooth types could be partly explained by the level of plaque. Teeth with high plaque mass exhibited high levels of Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2, Campylobacter rectus and Campylobacter showae. However, certain species, such as Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus sanguinis, differed significantly at different tooth locations despite similarities in plaque mass. Twenty of the test species exhibited a significant association with tooth location after adjusting for total DNA probe count and subject level factors. CONCLUSION While plaque mass was associated with differences in proportions of many species in supragingival biofilms, tooth location also was strongly associated with species proportions in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Haffajee
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|