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Selmi MA, Ceylan HI, Hammami R, Sassi RH, González-Fernández FT, Morgans R, Bragazzi NL. Repeated-sprint sets test: a new method for evaluating and forecasting fitness in elite young male soccer players. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8542. [PMID: 38609417 PMCID: PMC11014943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore the correlation between repeated sprint sets (RSS) ability and several physical attributes, including maximum sprint speed, maximal aerobic speed, maximal anaerobic speed, aerobic capacity, and explosive strength. Moreover, the aim was to assess the suitability of RSS as a comprehensive evaluation tool for physical qualities and to determine which physical field tests most accurately predict RSS in elite young male soccer players. A total of thirty-two young elite male soccer players (mean age 14.6 ± 0.3 years; predicted years from peak height velocity (PHV): - 0.4 ± 0.3; years in training: 3.7 ± 0.5) voluntarily participated in the study. The players participated in eight consecutive specific physical tests, with a minimum 72-h recovery between each session to minimize the impact of fatigue during the second trial. The participants completed the tests in the following order: RSS test, Vam-Eval test, a constant velocity test performed until exhaustion at 100% of vVO2max (tlim100), 20-m Multi-Stage Shuttle Run test (VMSRT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), Maximal Anaerobic Shuttle Running Test (VMASRT), Maximal Sprinting Speed Test (20-m flying sprint), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and Standing Long Jump test (SLJ). The results of the study showed that there were very large negative correlations between tlim100 and SST (sum of sprint times), and large negative correlations between Yo-Yo IR1, Vam-Eval, and SST during RSS in young elite male soccer players (p < 0.05). Additionally, VMASRT and SLJ demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with SST (p < 0.05). In contrast, significant positive correlations were found between 20-m flying sprint and the SST (p < 0.05). According to the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the primary predictors of SST, ranked by importance, were tlim100 and Yo-Yo IR1. These two predictors collectively accounted for 72% of the variance in players' SST (p < 0.0001). Due to the importance of aerobic capacity and short repeated accelerations/sprint sets for overall competitive performance in soccer, in conclusion, our results suggest that elite young male soccer players should perform both high intensity interval training and aeorobic capactity exercises as part of soccer training if the primary outcome is to improve repeated sprint ability performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amin Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Haj Sassi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ryland Morgans
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada.
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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Foresti YF, Higino WP, de Carvalho CD, Esequiel GH, Costa GP, Bertuzzi R, Papoti M. Can Hypoxia Alter the Anaerobic Capacity Measured by a Single Exhaustive Exercise? Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:961-968. [PMID: 35973782 DOI: 10.1055/a-1925-6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the MAODALT in situations of hypoxia and normoxia to confirm the method validity. Seventeen healthy and physically active men participated in this study, aged 25.2±3.2 years. All participants underwent four days of evaluation. The first day was performed a body composition test, an incremental test to exhaustion to determine the maximum oxygen uptake, familiarizing the hypoxia (H) and normoxia (N) situation and the equipment used. On the second, third and fourth days, supramaximal efforts were performed until exhaustion at 110% of maximum oxygen uptake, in a situation of hypoxia (FIO2=14.0%) and normoxia (FIO2=20.9%). The anaerobic capacity was considered the sum of energy supply of the alactic and lactic systens. The absolute or relative anaerobic capacity values were not different (H=3.9±1.1 L, N=3.8±0.9 L, p=0.69), similarly no differences were found for the alactic contribution (H=1.7±0.5 L, N=1.5±0.5 L, p=0.30) and lactic contribution (H=2.3±0.9 L, N=2.3±0.7 L, p=0.85). It can be concluded that the anaerobic capacity measured by a single exhaustive effort is not altered by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wonder Passoni Higino
- CeCAES, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, Brazil
- Physical Education, USP EEFERP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Zubac D, Obad A, Šupe-Domić D, Zec M, Bošnjak A, Ivančev V, Valić Z. Larger splenic emptying correlate with slower EPOC kinetics in healthy men and women during supine cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2271-2281. [PMID: 37270751 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated whether larger splenic emptying augments faster excess post-exercise O2 consumption (EPOC) following aerobic exercise cessation. METHODS Fifteen healthy participants (age 24 ± 4, 47% women) completed 3 laboratory visits at least 48-h apart. After obtaining medical clearance and familiarizing themselves with the test, they performed a ramp-incremental test in the supine position until task failure. At their final visit, they completed three step-transition tests from 20 W to a moderate-intensity power output (PO), equivalent to [Formula: see text]O2 at 90% gas exchange threshold, where data on metabolic, cardiovascular, and splenic responses were recorded simultaneously. After step-transition test cessation, EPOCfast was recorded, and the first 10 min of the recovery period was used for further analysis. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the end of exercise. RESULTS In response to moderate-intensity supine cycling ([Formula: see text]O2 = ~ 2.1 L·min-1), a decrease in spleen volume of ~ 35% (p = 0.001) was observed, resulting in a transient increase in red cell count of ~ 3-4% (p = 0.001) in mixed venous blood. In parallel, mean blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume increased by 30-100%, respectively. During recovery, mean τ[Formula: see text]O2 was 45 ± 18 s, the amplitude was 2.4 ± 0.5 L·min-1, and EPOCfast was 1.69 L·O2. Significant correlations were observed between the percent change in spleen volume and (i) EPOCfast (r = - 0.657, p = 0.008) and (ii) τ[Formula: see text]O2 (r = - 0.619, p = 0.008), but not between the change in spleen volume and (iii) [Formula: see text]O2 peak (r = 0.435, p = 0.105). CONCLUSION Apparently, during supine cycling, individuals with larger spleen emptying tend to have slower [Formula: see text] O2 recovery kinetics and a greater EPOCfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Zubac
- Department 1 of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ante Obad
- University Department for Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Daniela Šupe-Domić
- University Department for Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirela Zec
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Zoran Valić
- School of Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Campos EZ, Kalva-Filho CA, Silva MS, Arruda TB, Gobbi RB, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Papoti M. Anaerobic Contribution Determined in Free-Swimming: Sensitivity to Maturation Stages and Validity. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:760296. [PMID: 35655527 PMCID: PMC9152434 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.760296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of anaerobic contribution is important under swimming settings (training and modification through ages), therefore, it is expected to change during maturation. The accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method can be used to determine the contribution of nonoxidative energy during swimming; however, it requires several days of evaluation. An alternative method to estimate anaerobic contribution evaluation (ACALT), which can also be evaluated without snorkel (i.e., free-swimming, ACFS), has been proposed; however, these methods have never been compared. Thus, this study (i) analyzed the effect of maturation stage on ACFS during maximal 400 m swimming (Part I), and (ii) compared AOD with ACALT and ACFS, determined in a maximal 400 m effort (Part II). In Part I, 34 swimmers were divided into three groups, according to maturation stages (early-pubertal, middle-pubertal, and pubertal), and subjected to a maximal 400 m free-swimming to determine ACFS. In Part II, six swimmers were subjected to one 400 m maximal effort, and four submaximal constant efforts. The AOD was determined by the difference between the estimated demand and accumulated oxygen during the entire effort. The ACALT and ACFS (for Part I as well) was assumed as the sum of lactic and alactic anaerobic contributions. ACFS was higher in pubertal (3.8 ± 1.1 L) than early (2.1 ± 0.9 L) and middle pubertal group (2.4 ± 1.1 L). No difference was observed among absolute AOD (3.2 ± 1.3 L), ACALT (3.2 ± 1.5 L), and ACFS (4.0 ± 0.9 L) (F = 3.6; p = 0.06). Relative AOD (51.8 ± 12.2 mL·kg−1), ACALT (50.5 ± 14.3 mL·kg−1), and ACFS (65.2 ± 8.8 mL·kg−1) presented main effect (F = 4.49; p = 0.04), without posthoc difference. The bias of AOD vs. ACALT was 0.04 L, and AOD vs. ACFS was −0.74 L. The limits of agreement between AOD and ACALT were +0.9 L and −0.8 L, and between AOD and ACFS were +0.7 L and −2.7 L. It can be concluded that ACFS determination is a feasible tool to determine anaerobic contribution in young swimmers, and it changes during maturation stages. Also, ACFS might be useful to measure anaerobic contribution in swimmers, especially because it allows greater speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Zapaterra Campos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sports Performance Research Nucleus (NIDE), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Souza Silva
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarine Botta Arruda
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Bucken Gobbi
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Papoti
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcelo Papoti
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Zagatto AM, Bishop DJ, Antunes BM, Beck WR, Malta ES, de Poli RAB, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Castro A. Impacts of high-intensity exercise on the metabolomics profile of human skeletal muscle tissue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:402-413. [PMID: 34706104 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify and quantify the metabolites profile and metabolic pathways in human muscle tissue engaged during exhaustive high-intensity cycling exercise. Seven healthy physically active men performed a graded exercise test and an exhaustive supramaximal effort at 115% of maximal aerobic power with muscles biopsies performed in rest and immediately after exhaustion for quantifying of muscle metabolites changes by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The time until exhaustion (tlim) recorded was 224.7 ± 35.5 s whereas the muscle pH at exhaustion was 6.48 ± 0.05. A total of 54 metabolites were identified and quantified. The most enriched and impacted pathways included: beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, mitochondrial electron transport chain, alanine aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, propanoate metabolism, threonine and 2-oxobutanoate degradation and pyruvate metabolism. In addition, the muscle concentrations in Post exercise, compared to Pre increased significantly (p < 0.0398) for fumarate (42.0%), succinate (101.2%), glucose (249.7%), lactate (122.8%), O-acetylcarnitine (164.7%), glycerol (79.3%), AMP (288.2%), 2-oxobutyrate (121.0%), and methanol (58.5%), whereas decreased significantly (p < 0.010) for creatine phosphate (-70.2%), ADP (-56.5%), carnitine (-33.5%), and glutamate (-42.3%). Only the succinate was significantly correlated with tlim (r = -0.76; p = 0.0497). Besides the classical expected contribution of glycolytic and phosphagen energetic pathways, it was demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise is also associated with pathways indicatives of amino acid and fatty acid oxidation metabolisms, highlighting the inverse relation between changes in the intramuscular succinate levels and tlim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro M Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Wladimir R Beck
- Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Elvis S Malta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A B de Poli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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ORIISHI M, HAGIWARA M, YAMANAKA R, OHYA T, OHNUMA H, KAWAHARA T, SUZUKI Y. Short-term hypoxic training improves maximal anaerobic power after a week of recovery. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Andrade VL, Kalva-Filho CA, Ribeiro NX, Gobbi RB, de Arruda TB, Papoti M. Determination of Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Using Backward Extrapolation. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:161-168. [PMID: 32920805 DOI: 10.1055/a-1082-1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit determined by the conventional method (MAODC) with that determined by the backward extrapolation technique (MAODEXTR) in runners. Fourteen runners underwent a maximal incremental test for determination of iVO2MAX, ten submaximal efforts (50-95% of iVO2MAX for 7 min). During the submaximal efforts oxygen consumption (VO2) values were obtained conventionally and through the backward extrapolation technique (~ 3 s after the end of each effort). A supramaximal effort (110% of iVO2MAX) (tLimC) and five supramaximal bouts (tLimEXTR) were performed. MAODC and MAODEXTR were determined from the difference between the VO2 accumulated during tLimC and tLimEXTR and the predicted values. The tLimC was lower than tLimEXTR (164.06±36.32 s, 200.23±63.78 s, p<0.05). No significant differences were found between absolute and relative MAODC and MAODEXTR values, however, low intraclass correlations (0.26 and 0.24), high typical errors (2.03 L and 24 mL∙kg-1) were observed, and coefficients of variation (46 and 48%), respectively. The graphical analysis of the differences showed agreement and correlation between the methods (r=0.86 and 0.85). Thus, it can be concluded that the MAODEXTR is not a valid method for estimating the anaerobic capacity of runners, moreover, unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Luiz Andrade
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.,Physical Education, Centro Universitaro UNIFAFIBE, Bebedouro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Norberto MS, Barbieri RA, Bertucci DR, Gobbi RB, Campos EZ, Zagatto AM, De Freitas EC, Papoti M. Beta alanine supplementation effects on metabolic contribution and swimming performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:40. [PMID: 32711541 PMCID: PMC7382077 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations of β-alanine supplementation shows effects on metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic) participation and performance on swimming by a possible blood acidosis buffering. Considering this background, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of β-alanine supplementation on metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m swim. METHODS Thirteen competitive swimmers underwent a 6-week, double-blind placebo-controlled study, ingesting 4.8 g.day- 1 of β-alanine or placebo. Before and after the supplementation period, the total anaerobic contribution (TAn) and 30-s all-out tethered swimming effort (30TS) were assessed. Anaerobic alactic (AnAl) and lactic energy (AnLa) was assumed as the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and net blood lactate accumulation during exercise (∆[La-]), respectively. Aerobic contribution (Aer) was determined by the difference between total energy demand and TAn. In addition to conventional statistical analysis (Repeated measures ANOVA; p > 0.05), a Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA was used to evidence the effect probability (BFincl). RESULTS No differences and effects were found between groups, indicating no supplementation effects. Repeated measures ANOVA, with confirmation of effect, was indicate reduce in ∆Lactate (p: 0.001; BFincl: 25.02); absolute AnLa (p: 0.002; BFincl: 12.61), fatigue index (p > 0.001; BFincl: 63.25) and total anaerobic participation (p: 0.008; BFincl: 4.89). CONCLUSIONS Thus, the results demonstrated that all changes presented were evidenced as a result of exposure to the training period and β-alanine supplementation doesn't affect metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m freestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva Norberto
- University of São Paulo, Medicine University of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Barbieri
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
- Estácio University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Bucken Gobbi
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo Zapaterra Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Ellen Cristini De Freitas
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- University of São Paulo, Medicine University of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
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Padilha CS, Billaut F, Figueiredo C, Panissa VLG, Rossi FE, Lira FS. Capsaicin Supplementation during High-intensity Continuous Exercise: A Double-blind Study. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:1061-1066. [PMID: 32693427 DOI: 10.1055/a-1088-5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of acute capsaicin (CAP) supplementation on time to exhaustion, physiological responses and energy systems contribution during continuous high-intensity exercise session in runners. Fifteen recreationally-trained runners completed two randomized, double-blind continuous high-intensity exercises at the speed eliciting 90% V̇O2peak (90% s V̇O2peak), 45 minutes after consuming capsaicin or an isocaloric placebo. Time to exhaustion, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption during and 20-min post-exercise, energy systems contribution, time to reach V̇O2peak, heart rate and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between conditions for time to reach V̇O2peak (CAP:391.71±221.8 vs. PLA:298.20±174.5 sec, ES:0.58, p=0.872), peak lactate (CAP:7.98±2.11 vs. PLA:8.58±2.15 µmol, ES:-0.28, p=0.257), time to exhaustion (CAP:654.28±195.44 vs. PLA:709.20±208.44 sec, ES:-0.28, p=0.462, end-of-exercise heart rate (CAP:177.6±14.9 vs. PLA:177.5±17.9 bpm, ES:-0.10, p=0.979) and end-of-exercise RPE (CAP: 19±0.8 vs. PLA: 18±2.4, ES: 0.89, p=0.623). In conclusion, acute CAP supplementation did not increase time to exhaustion during high-intensity continuous exercise nor alter physiological responses in runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry. Department of Physical Education. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group. Post-Graduation Program in Moviment Sicences. Department of Physical Education. State University of São Paulo (UNESP). School of Technology and Sciences. Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group. Post-Graduation Program in Physiotherapy. Department of Physical Education. State University of São Paulo (UNESP). School of T-echnology and Sciences. Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group. Post-Graduation Program in Moviment Sicences. Department of Physical Education. State University of São Paulo (UNESP). School of Technology and Sciences. Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Figueiredo C, Lira FS, Rossi FE, Billaut F, Loschi R, Padilha CS. Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplementation changes energy system contribution and improves performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in physically active individuals: a double-blind and placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 32493387 PMCID: PMC7268479 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional ergogenic aids are commonly used to boost physiological adaptations to exercise and promote greater fitness gains. However, there is a paucity of data about multi-ingredient pre-workout supplementation (MIPS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of MIPS on the oxidative, glycolytic and ATP-CP energy systems contribution, time spent above 90% V̇O2max (T90% V̇O2max), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) magnitude, number of efforts and time to exhaustion during a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session. METHODS Twelve physically-active and healthy men completed the HIIE sessions that involved running bouts of 15 s on the treadmill at 120% of the maximum aerobic speed (MAS), interspersed with 15 s of passive recovery. Blood lactate was collected at immediately post, 3, 5, and 7 min post exercise. The contribution of ATP-CP, glycolytic and oxidative systems was analyzed at rest, during the HIIE sessions and for 20 min post. Performance variables (time to exhaustion, number of efforts) and oxygen consumption were also analyzed. RESULTS MIPS significantly increased the number of efforts performed (MIPS: 41 ± 10 vs Placebo: 36 ± 12, p = 0.0220) and time to exhaustion (MIPS: 20.1 ± 6 min vs Placebo: 17 ± 5 min, p = 0.0226). There was no difference between supplements for both T90% V̇O2max (p = 0.9705) and EPOC (p = 0.4930). Consuming MIPS significantly increased the absolute oxidative energy system contribution by 23.8% (p = 0.0163) and the absolute ATP-CP contribution by 28.4% (p = 0.0055) compared to placebo. There was only a non-significant tendency for a higher glycolytic system contribution after MIPS ingestion (p = 0.0683). CONCLUSION Acute MIPS ingestion appears effective at increasing both aerobic and anaerobic alactic energy contribution and time to exhaustion during a HIIE protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Associate Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - François Billaut
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Loschi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,VP Centro de Nutrição funcional, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Freitas MC, Cholewa JM, Gerosa-Neto J, Gonçalves DC, Caperuto EC, Lira FS, Rossi FE. A Single Dose of Oral ATP Supplementation Improves Performance and Physiological Response During Lower Body Resistance Exercise in Recreational Resistance-Trained Males. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 33:3345-3352. [PMID: 29045315 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Freitas, MC, Cholewa, JM, Gerosa-Neto, J, Gonçalves, DC, Caperuto, EC, Lira, FS, and Rossi, FE. A single dose of oral ATP supplementation improves performance and physiological response during lower body resistance exercise in recreational resistance-trained males. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3345-3352, 2019-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) supplementation on performance and physiological responses during resistance exercise in recreationally resistance-trained males. Eleven men (age = 27.5 ± 5.5 years, mass = 83.4 ± 9.8 kg, height = 182 ± 0.04 cm) completed 2 randomized, double-blind trials: ATP supplement condition (ATP = 400 mg) or a placebo condition. Thirty minutes after supplement consumption, subjects performed 4 sets of half-squats until momentary muscular failure at 80% of the 1 repetition maximum with 2 minutes of recovery between sets. The total number of repetitions, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, and oxygen consumption were evaluated. The total weight lifted were higher for the ATP condition compared with placebo (Placebo = 3,995.7 ± 1,137.8, ATP = 4,967.4 ± 1,497.9 kg; p = 0.005). Heart rate was higher at set-4 for ATP compared with placebo (p < 0.001) and oxygen consumption during exercise was greater for ATP (p = 0.021). There were no differences between conditions for lactate and blood pressure. In summary, a single oral dose of ATP supplementation improved lower-body resistance training performance and energy expenditure in recreational resistance-trained males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C Freitas
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Jason M Cholewa
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina
| | - Jose Gerosa-Neto
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Gonçalves
- Biosciences Department, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Erico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, University São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
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12
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Bond SL, Greco-Otto P, MacLeod J, Galezowski A, Bayly W, Léguillette R. Efficacy of dexamethasone, salbutamol, and reduced respirable particulate concentration on aerobic capacity in horses with smoke-induced mild asthma. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:979-985. [PMID: 31953974 PMCID: PMC7096652 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild asthma in horses decreases racing performance and impairs gas exchange. The efficacy of treatment on performance is unknown. Hypothesis Treatment targeting lung inflammation improves V˙O2peak in horses with mild asthma. Animals Thoroughbred polo horses (n = 12) with smoke‐induced mild asthma. Horses were exposed to increased ambient particulate matter (35.51 μg/m3 [PM2.5]; day mean, centrally measured) from day −33 to 0, from bushfire smoke (natural model). Methods Prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial. All horses completed 3 V˙O2peak tests, measuring aerobic and anaerobic variables: day 0 ‐baseline; day 16 ‐after dexamethasone (20 mg IM q24h; DEX, n = 6) or saline treatment (SALINE, n = 6), under improved ambient PM2.5 concentrations (7.04 μg/m3); day 17‐15‐30mins after inhaled salbutamol (1500 μg). Bronchoalveolar lavage and mucus scoring were performed on day −8 and day 20. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the effects of timepoint and treatment group on BAL differential cell counts, mucus scores, aerobic and anaerobic variables. Results Horses’ mucus scores improved significantly from day −8 to 20 by 1.27 ± .38 (P = .01). There was a significant increase in V˙O2peak of 15.5 ± 4.0 mL(min.kg)−1 from day 0 to 17 (P = .002), representing an average (mean) increase in V˙O2peak of 13.2%. There was no difference in V˙O2peak between treatment groups (SALINE versus DEX) at any timepoint. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study highlighted the key role of improved air quality on functionally important airway inflammation. Evidence provided is central to increasing owner compliance regarding improved air quality for the treatment and prevention of mild asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Bond
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline MacLeod
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angelica Galezowski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Warwick Bayly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Renaud Léguillette
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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João GA, Rodriguez D, Tavares LD, Rica RL, Júnior NC, Reis VM, Pontes Junior FL, Baker JS, Bocalini DS, Júnior AF. Energy expenditure estimation of a moderate-intensity strength training session. COGENT MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2020.1794500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Léguillette R, Greco-Otto P, Sides R, Bond S, El Alami S, Bayly W. Relative aerobic and anaerobic energy contribution in race fit endurance and Thoroughbred racehorses during strenuous exercise. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/cep190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare fit Arabian endurance and Thoroughbred racehorses’ responses to a maximal intensity standardised incremental treadmill test (MaxSIT) with respect to: (1) their relative aerobic contributions during maximal exercise; and (2) selected physiological parameters related to performance. Six high-level endurance Arabians and six race-ready Thoroughbreds performed a MaxSIT starting at 8 m/s and increasing by 1 m/s increments 60 s until maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) was reached. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLac), haematocrit (Hct), minute ventilation (V̇E) and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) were measured. V̇O2max, the speeds at which the HR were 200 and 160 bpm, respectively (V200, V160), the speed at which the BLac reached 4 mmol/l (VLa4) and lactate at HR200 (BLa200) were calculated. The relative aerobic energy input was determined using ΔBLacPeak-Resting increase as previously described. Data were expressed as median with interquartile range and analysed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test (P<0.05). Endurance horses had greater V̇O2max (202.5 ml/(kg.min) (190.3-211) vs 152.7 ml/(kg.min) (140.5-158.3); P<0.001) and had a greater aerobic energy contribution to total exercise effort (89.9% (87.0-96) vs 82.8% (81.1-84.1); P=0.009) than Thoroughbreds. Endurance horses reached HR>200 bpm on the treadmill, but had a lower HRmax (210 bpm (205-217) vs 226 bpm (219-228); P=0.008), BLa200 (3.8 mmol/l (2.7-5.5) vs 4.8 mmol/l (3.6-5.2); P<0.001) and Hctmax (56.4% (54.9-57.5) vs 61.5% (59-64); P=0.002). Endurance horses median VLa4 was 11.6 m/s (11.0-13.0); V200=11.9 m/s (10.9-12.3) and V160=8.5 m/s (7.2-8.6). Because of the HR and speed characteristics of modern endurance races, we proposed BLa200 as a new calculated parameter with which to assess endurance horses. Trained endurance horses accumulate less lactate, have a greater V̇O2max and relative aerobic contribution to their energy requirements at maximal intensity exercise despite a lower blood haematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Léguillette
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - P. Greco-Otto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - R. Sides
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - S.L. Bond
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - S. El Alami
- Al Reef Stables, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - W. Bayly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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15
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Bond SL, Greco-Otto P, Sides R, Kwong GPS, Léguillette R, Bayly WM. Assessment of two methods to determine the relative contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems in racehorses. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1390-1398. [PMID: 30763162 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00983.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective, randomized, controlled study was designed to determine relative aerobic and anaerobic (lactic and alactic) contributions at supramaximal exercise intensities using two different methods. Thoroughbred racehorses (n = 5) performed a maximal rate of oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) test and three supramaximal treadmill runs (105, 115, and 125% V̇o2max). Blood lactate concentration (BL) was measured at rest, every 15 s during runs, and 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min postexercise. In method 1, oxygen demand was calculated for each supramaximal intensity based on the V̇o2max test, and relative aerobic and anaerobic contributions were calculated from measured V̇o2 and the accumulated oxygen deficit. In method 2, aerobic contribution was calculated using the trapezoidal method to determine V̇o2 during exercise. A monoexponential model was fitted to the postexercise V̇o2 curve. Alactic contribution was calculated using the coefficients of this model. Lactate anaerobic contribution was calculated by multiplying the peak to resting change in BL by 3. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects of exercise intensity and method (as fixed effects) on measured outcomes (P ≤ 0.05). Relative aerobic and anaerobic contributions were not different between methods (P = 0.20). Horses' mean contributions were 81.4, 77.6, and 72.5% (aerobic), and 18.5, 22.3, and 27.4% (anaerobic) at 105, 115, and 125% V̇o2max, respectively. Individual alactic anaerobic energy was not different between supramaximal exercise intensities (P = 0.43) and was negligible, contributing a mean of 0.11% of the total energy. Relative energy contributions can be calculated using measured V̇o2 and BL in situations where the exercise intensity is unknown. Understanding relative metabolic demands could help develop tailored training programs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Relative energy contributions of horses can be calculated using measured V̇o2 and BL in situations where the exercise intensity is unknown. Horses' mean contributions were 81.4, 77.6, and 72.5% (aerobic), and 18.5, 22.3, and 27.4% (anaerobic) at 105, 115, and 125% of V̇o2max, respectively. Individual alactic capacity was unaltered between supramaximal exercise intensities and accounted for a mean contribution of 0.11% of energy use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Bond
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Persephone Greco-Otto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Raymond Sides
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Grace P S Kwong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Renaud Léguillette
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Warwick M Bayly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
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16
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de Freitas MC, Billaut F, Panissa VLG, Rossi FE, Figueiredo C, Caperuto EC, Lira FS. Capsaicin supplementation increases time to exhaustion in high-intensity intermittent exercise without modifying metabolic responses in physically active men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:971-979. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Alves IDS, Kalva-Filho CA, Aquino R, Travitzki L, Tosim A, Papoti M, Morato MP. Relationships Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters With Game Technical Performance in Elite Goalball Athletes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1636. [PMID: 30524302 PMCID: PMC6256249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to compare physiological parameters from the laboratory environment (LaB) and simulated goalball games (GaM), test relationships between physiological parameters in the laboratory and game technical performance (GTP), and examine the associations between physiological and technical responses during games. Seven elite athletes from the Brazilian National Team performed in LaB environment; (i) an incremental test to determine peak oxygen consumption (O2PEAK), its corresponding speed, and peak blood lactate concentration and (ii) submaximal and supramaximal efforts to estimate maximal anaerobic contribution (AnC). In GaM condition, simulated games were also performed to determine physiological responses throughout the game, and to analyze the GTP (number of throws, defenses, recovery, and density of actions). No correlations (unclear) were found between laboratory and games analyses for O2PEAK [47.3 (17.2) vs. 25.8 (18.2) mL⋅Kg-1⋅min-1], peak blood lactate concentrations [10.2 (5.4) vs. 2.0 (0.7) mM], and total AnC [21.0 (14.0) vs. 4.8 (6.1) mL Kg-1]. O2PEAK in the laboratory condition presented very likely correlations with throw and recovery frequency in games (r = -0.87 and confidence interval [CI] = 0.41; r = -0.90 and CI = 0.35; respectively). Oxygen consumption remained above baseline while blood lactate concentration remained unchanged during the games. The very likely correlation between anaerobic alactic contribution and action density (r = 0.95 and CI = 0.25) highlights the importance of the alactic metabolism. In general, our study demonstrates that goalball can be characterized as a high-intensity intermittent effort, where athlete performance is based on aerobic metabolism predominance while determinant actions are supplied by the anaerobic alactic metabolism. Specifically, higher values of LaB vs. GaM highlighted the need for standardization of specific protocols for goalball evaluation, mainly for the reproduction of ecologically valid values. In addition, O2PEAK correlated with recovery frequency in the LaB condition, demonstrating that passive or low-intensity recovery between actions is fundamental to maintain performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dos Santos Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Travitzki
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Tosim
- National Brazilian Goalball Team, Department of Coaching, Jundiaí, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Pereira Morato
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Milioni F, Leite JVDM, Beneke R, de Poli RAB, Papoti M, Zagatto AM. Table tennis playing styles require specific energy systems demands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199985. [PMID: 30020946 PMCID: PMC6051612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in energy system contributions and temporal variables between offensive and all-round playing styles. Fifteen male table tennis players (Offensive players: N = 7; All-round players: N = 8) participated in the study. Matches were monitored by a portable gas analyzer and the blood lactate responses was also measured. The contributions of the oxidative (WOXID), phosphagen (WPCr), and glycolytic (W[La]) energy systems were assumed as the oxygen consumption measured during the matches above of baseline value, the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOCFAST) measured after the matches, and the net of blood lactate concentration (Δ[La]), respectively. Energy systems contributions were not significantly different between the offensive and all-round playing styles (WOXID: 96.1±2.0 and 97.0±0.6%, P = 0.86; WPCr: 2.7±1.7 and 2.0±0.6%, P = 0.13; W[La]: 1.2±0.5 and 1.0±0.7%, P = 0.95; respectively), however, magnitude-based analysis of WPCr presented Likely higher contribution for offensive compared to all-round players. Regarding temporal variables, only rate of shots presented higher values for offensive when compared to all-round players (P = 0.03), while the magnitude-based analysis presented Very likely lower, Likely lower and Likely higher outcomes of rate of shots, WPCr and maximal oxygen consumption, respectively, for all-round players. Strong negative correlation was verified for offensive players between number of shots and WPCr (r = -0.86, P = 0.01), while all-round players showed strong correlations between rally duration, WOXID (r = 0.76, P = 0.03) and maximal oxygen consumption (r = 0.81, P = 0.03). Therefore, despite no differences in energy system contributions for offensive and all-round players, different playing styles seems to requires specific energy systems demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Milioni
- Sao Paulo State University—UNESP, School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Vieira de Mello Leite
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Post-Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Araújo Bonetti de Poli
- Sao Paulo State University—UNESP, School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Sao Paulo State University—UNESP, School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Panissa VLG, Fukuda DH, Caldeira RS, Gerosa-Neto J, Lira FS, Zagatto AM, Franchini E. Is Oxygen Uptake Measurement Enough to Estimate Energy Expenditure During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise? Quantification of Anaerobic Contribution by Different Methods. Front Physiol 2018; 9:868. [PMID: 30038583 PMCID: PMC6046462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the contributions of the anaerobic pathway as determined by two different methods and energy expenditure during a typical high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) protocol. Methods: A descriptive research design was utilized in which thirteen physically active men performed six experimental sessions consisting of an incremental test (session 1), submaximal tests at 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90% of velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake (vV˙O2max) with two intensities per session (sessions 2–5), and the HIIE protocol (session 6; 10 efforts of 1 min at vV˙O2max interspersed by 1 min of passive recovery). The estimation of anaerobic energy system contribution was calculated by: (a) the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption plus delta lactate method and (b) the accumulated oxygen deficit method using the difference between predicted oxygen demand from the submaximal tests of varying intensities and accumulated oxygen uptake during HIIE. Estimation of aerobic energy system contribution was calculated through the measurement of oxygen consumption during activity. Total EE during the entire HIIE protocol (efforts + recovery) and for the efforts only were calculated from each method. Results: For efforts + recovery and efforts only, anaerobic contribution was similar for both methods, and consequently total EE was also equivalent (p = 0.230 for both comparisons). During efforts + recovery, aerobic:anaerobic energy system contribution was (68 ± 4%: 32 ± 4%), while efforts only was (54 ± 5%: 46 ± 5%) with both situations demonstrating greater aerobic than anaerobic contribution (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Anaerobic contribution seems to be relevant during HIIE and must to be taken into account during total EE estimation; however, the type of method employed did not change the anaerobic contribution or total EE estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria L G Panissa
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - David H Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Renan S Caldeira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Gerosa-Neto
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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20
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De Carvalho FG, Barbieri RA, Carvalho MB, Dato CC, Campos EZ, Gobbi RB, Papoti M, Silva ASR, de Freitas EC. Taurine supplementation can increase lipolysis and affect the contribution of energy systems during front crawl maximal effort. Amino Acids 2017; 50:189-198. [PMID: 29082444 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taurine can affect the energy system metabolism, specifically the lipid metabolism, since an increase in lipid oxidation may promote carbohydrate savings. We hypothesized that taurine supplementation associated with high-intensity exercise could increase levels of lipolysis, benefiting swimmer performance. Nine male competitive swimmers performed two 400-m front crawl maximal efforts with a 1-week washout, and the athletes received 6 g of taurine (TAU) or placebo (PLA) supplementation 120 min before performing the effort. Oxygen consumption and the contribution of the energy systems were analyzed post effort using a Quark CPET gas analyzer. Blood samples were collected before, and 5 min post the effort for taurine and glycerol analysis. Immediately before and 3, 5, and 7 min post the effort, blood samples from the earlobe were collected to determine lactate levels. An increase of 159% was observed in taurine plasma levels 120 min post ingestion. Glycerol levels were higher in both groups post effort; however, the TAU condition promoted an 8% higher increase than the PLA. No changes were observed in swimmer performance or lactate levels; however, the percentage change in lactate levels (∆[La-]) was different (TAU: 9.36 ± 2.78 mmol L-1; PLA: 11.52 ± 2.19 mmol L-1, p = 0.04). Acute taurine supplementation 120 min before performing a maximal effort did not improve swimmer performance; however, it increased glycerol plasma levels and reduced both the ∆[La-] and lactic anaerobic system contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G De Carvalho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), 24 A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Milena B Carvalho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Carla C Dato
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Post Graduate Program in Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 1235 Professor Moraes Rego Street, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Gobbi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), 24 A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-EEFERP/USP, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-EEFERP/USP, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo-FCFAR/UNESP, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil. .,School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-EEFERP/USP, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-030, Brazil.
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Campos EZ, Kalva-Filho CA, Gobbi RB, Barbieri RA, Almeida NP, Papoti M. Anaerobic Contribution Determined in Swimming Distances: Relation with Performance. Front Physiol 2017; 8:755. [PMID: 29066977 PMCID: PMC5641383 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Total anaerobic contribution (TAn) can be assessed by accumulated oxygen deficit, and through sum of glycolytic and phosphagen contribution which enable the evaluation of TAn without influences on mechanical parameters. However, little is known about the difference of TAn within swimming distances. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine and compare the TAn in different performances using the backward extrapolation technique and amount of lactate accumulated during exercise, and relate it with swimming performance. Fourteen competitive swimmers performed five maximal front crawl swims of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 m. The total phosphagen (AnAl) and glycolytic (AnLa) contributions were assumed as the fast component of post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOCFAST) and amount of blood lactate accumulated during exercise, respectively. TAn was the sum of AnAl and AnLa. Significantly lower values of AnLa were observed in the 800 m (p < 0.01) than other distances. For AnAl, the 50 m performance presented the lowest values, followed by 100 and 800 m (p < 0.01). The highest values of AnAl were observed in the 200 and 400 m (p > 0.13). The TAn was significantly higher in the 200 and 400 m performances than observed at 50 and 800 m (p < 0.01). Anaerobic contributions were correlated with 50, 100, 200, and 400 m performances (p < 0.01). The AnAl contribution was not correlated with 400 m performance. Anaerobic parameters were not correlated with 800 m performance. In conclusion, the highest values of anaerobic contribution were observed in the 200 and 400 m distances. Moreover, TAn is important to performances below 400 m, and may be used in training routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Z Campos
- Nucleus of Investigation in Sport Performance, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Motor Science, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Gobbi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Barbieri
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nayara P Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Graduate Program in Motor Science, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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22
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Stöggl TL, Björklund G. High Intensity Interval Training Leads to Greater Improvements in Acute Heart Rate Recovery and Anaerobic Power as High Volume Low Intensity Training. Front Physiol 2017; 8:562. [PMID: 28824457 PMCID: PMC5539186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore if training regimes utilizing diverse training intensity distributions result in different responses on neuromuscular status, anaerobic capacity/power and acute heart rate recovery (HRR) in well-trained endurance athletes. Methods: Thirty-six male (n = 33) and female (n = 3) runners, cyclists, triathletes and cross-country skiers [peak oxygen uptake: (VO2peak): 61.9 ± 8.0 mL·kg−1·min−1] were randomly assigned to one of three groups (blocked high intensity interval training HIIT; polarized training POL; high volume low intensity oriented control group CG/HVLIT applying no HIIT). A maximal anaerobic running/cycling test (MART/MACT) was performed prior to and following a 9-week training period. Results: Only the HIIT group achieved improvements in peak power/velocity (+6.4%, P < 0.001) and peak lactate (P = 0.001) during the MART/MACT, while, unexpectedly, in none of the groups the performance at the established lactate concentrations (4, 6, 10 mmol·L−1) was changed (P > 0.05). Acute HRR was improved in HIIT (11.2%, P = 0.002) and POL (7.9%, P = 0.023) with no change in the HVLIT oriented control group. Conclusion: Only a training regime that includes a significant amount of HIIT improves the neuromuscular status, anaerobic power and the acute HRR in well-trained endurance athletes. A training regime that followed more a low and moderate intensity oriented model (CG/HVLIT) had no effect on any performance or HRR outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Stöggl
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Glenn Björklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Sports Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden.,The Swedish Sports ConfederationStockholm, Sweden
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23
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Sousa FAB, Vasque RE, Gobatto CA. Anaerobic metabolism during short all-out efforts in tethered running: Comparison of energy expenditure and mechanical parameters between different sprint durations for testing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179378. [PMID: 28599009 PMCID: PMC5466345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's aims to verify the energy expenditure, metabolic distress and usefulness to evaluate the anaerobic constructs for different all-out durations in running efforts. Twelve active male underwent four testing sessions, one for familiarization and three performing one all-out (AO) tethered running sprint lasting 30s, 20s or 10s. Oxygen consumption, excess post exercise oxygen consumption, and lactate production were retained to analyse metabolic function, together with mechanical power and work as performance parameters. Paired results were compared via one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (Tukey-HSD post-hoc), effect sizes and ICC for absolute agreement. Statistical significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Despite total and energy expenditure from oxidative pathway being significantly higher for longer durations (p < 0.001; ES > 0.7), glycolytic energy expenditure presented an agreement between AO30s and AO20s (ICC-A = 0.63*), while the paired comparisons to AO10s have presented significant differences (p < 0.01; ES > 1.0). Phosphagen energy expenditure were similar between all-out durations (p = 0.12; ICC-A = 0.62*; ES < 0.5). Maximum mechanical power was higher in AO10s than in AO30s (p = 0.03; ES = 0.6), not being different between AO10s and AO20s (p = 0.67; ICC-A = 0.88*; ES = 0.2) and between AO20s and AO30s (p = 0.18; ICC-A = 0.56*; ES = 0.4). In addition, agreement between work in the first ten seconds was confirmed via ICC only between AO10s and AO20s (p = 0.50; ICC-A = 0.86*; ES = 0.3), but not for the other paired comparisons (p < 0.1; ICC < 0.45; ES > 0.5). AO20s is a better alternative to estimate anaerobic power and capacity in one single test, with similar oxidative demand than AO30s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Antônio Barros Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Einstein Integrated Faculties of Limeira, Limeira, Brazil
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24
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Cabral-Santos C, Gerosa-Neto J, Inoue DS, Rossi FE, Cholewa JM, Campos EZ, Panissa VLG, Lira FS. Physiological Acute Response to High-Intensity Intermittent and Moderate-Intensity Continuous 5 km Running Performance: Implications for Training Prescription. J Hum Kinet 2017; 56:127-137. [PMID: 28469751 PMCID: PMC5384060 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses to moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent exercise. Twelve physically active male subjects were recruited and completed a 5-km run on a treadmill in two experimental sessions in randomized order: continuously (70% sVO2max) and intermittently (1:1 min at sVO2max). Oxygen uptake, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, lactate concentration, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion data were recorded during and after each session. The lactate levels exhibited higher values immediately post-exercise than at rest (High-Intensity: 1.43 ± 0.25 to 7.36 ± 2.78; Moderate-Intensity: 1.64 ± 1.01 to 4.05 ± 1.52 mmol⋅L−1, p = 0.0004), but High-Intensity promoted higher values (p = 0.001) than Moderate-Intensity. There was a difference across time on oxygen uptake at all moments tested in both groups (High-Intensity: 100.19 ± 8.15L; Moderate-Intensity: 88.35 ± 11.46, p < 0.001). Both exercise conditions promoted increases in excess postexercise oxygen consumption (High-Intensity: 6.61 ± 1.85 L; Moderate-Intensity: 5.32 ± 2.39 L, p < 0.005), but higher values were observed in the High-Intensity exercise protocol. High-Intensity was more effective at modifying the heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (High-Intensity: 183 ± 12.54 and 19; Moderate-Intensity: 172 ± 8.5 and 16, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, over the same distance, Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity exercise exhibited different lactate concentrations, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. As expected, the metabolic contribution also differed, and High-Intensity induced higher energy expenditure, however, the total duration of the session may have to be taken into account. Moreover, when following moderate-intensity training, the percentage of sVO2max and the anaerobic threshold might influence exercise and training responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Gerosa-Neto
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E Rossi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jason M Cholewa
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Eduardo Z Campos
- Department of Physical Education - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife - PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria L G Panissa
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Anaerobic Capacityestimated in A Single Supramaximal Test in Cycling: Validity and Reliability Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42485. [PMID: 28211905 PMCID: PMC5304204 DOI: 10.1038/srep42485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to verify the validity (i.e., study A) and reliability (i.e., study B) of the alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit determined using onlya supramaximal effort (MAODALT)to estimate anaerobic capacity [i.e., estimated by the gold standard maximal accumulated oxygen deficit method (MAOD)] during cycling. In study A, the effects of supramaximal intensities on MAODALT and the comparison with the MAOD were investigated in fourteen active subjects (26 ± 6 years). In study B, the test-retest reliability was investigated, where fourteen male amateur cyclists (29 ± 5 years) performed the MAODALT twice at 115% of the intensity associated to maximal oxygen uptake (). MAODALT determined at 130 and 150% of was lower than MAOD (p ≤ 0.048), but no differences between MAODALT determined at 100, 105, 110, 115, 120 and 140% of (3.58 ± 0.53L; 3.58 ± 0.59L; 3.53 ± 0.52L; 3.48 ± 0.72L; 3.52 ± 0.61L and 3.46 ± 0.69L, respectively) with MAOD (3.99 ± 0.64L). The MAODALT determined from the intensities between 110 and 120% of presented the better agreement and concordance with MAOD. In the test-retest, the MAODALT was not different (p > 0.05), showed high reproducibility when expressed in absolute values (ICC = 0.96, p < 0.01), and a good level of agreement in the Bland-Altman plot analysis (mean differences ± CI95%:-0.16 ± 0.53L). Thus, the MAODALT seems to be valid and reliable to assess anaerobic capacity in cycling.
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26
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Zagatto AM, Miyagi WE, Sousa FADB, Gobatto CA. Relationship between anaerobic capacity estimated using a single effort and 30-s tethered running outcomes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172032. [PMID: 28182775 PMCID: PMC5300245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between alternative anaerobic capacity method (MAODALT) and a 30-s all-out tethered running test. Fourteen male recreational endurance runners underwent a graded exercise test, a supramaximal exhaustive effort and a 30-s all-out test on different days, interspaced by 48h. After verification of data normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), the Pearson’s correlation test was used to verify the association between the anaerobic estimates from the MAODALT and the 30-s all-out tethered running outputs. Absolute MAODALT was correlated with mean power (r = 0.58; P = 0.03), total work (r = 0.57; P = 0.03), and mean force (r = 0.79; P = 0.001). In addition, energy from the glycolytic pathway (E[La-]) was correlated with mean power (r = 0.58; P = 0.03). Significant correlations were also found at each 5s interval between absolute MAODALT and force values (r between 0.75 and 0.84), and between force values and E[La-] (r between 0.73 to 0.80). In conclusion, the associations between absolute MAODALT and the mechanical outputs from the 30-s all-out tethered running test evidenced the importance of the anaerobic capacity for maintaining force during the course of time in short efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology and Sports Performance (LAFIDE), Bauru-SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro–SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Willian Eiji Miyagi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology and Sports Performance (LAFIDE), Bauru-SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro–SP, Brazil
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27
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Oriishi M, Matsubayashi T, Kawahara T, Suzuki Y. Short-Term Hypoxic Exposure and Training Improve Maximal Anaerobic Running Test Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 32:181-188. [PMID: 28135217 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oriishi, M, Matsubayashi, T, Kawahara, T, and Suzuki, Y. Short-term hypoxic exposure and training improve maximal anaerobic running test performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 181-188, 2018-The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of short-term hypoxic exposure and training in the performance of competitive 400- or 800-m runners. Fifteen female competitive 400- and 800-m runners volunteered to participate and were assigned to either the hypoxic (n = 7) or normoxic (n = 8) group. The subjects completed 6 days of training. The hypoxic group trained and slept in normobaric hypoxia, with oxygen concentrations of 14.4 and 16.5% for training and sleep, respectively. The normoxic group trained and slept at sea level. The subjects completed 4 sprint and 5 endurance training sessions during the camp. The subjects underwent a maximal anaerobic running test before and 8 days after the training camp. The maximal power determined by the anaerobic running test improved significantly in the hypoxic group (p ≤ 0.05). Blood lactate concentration at submaximal running speed (275, 300, and 375 m·min) in the hypoxic group decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after the training period. No significant changes in these values were found in the normoxic group. These results suggest that 6 days of hypoxic exposure and training enhanced performance and improved lactate metabolism in 400- and 800-m runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Oriishi
- Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsubayashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo Japan
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28
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Tanji F, Shirai Y, Tsuji T, Shimazu W, Nabekura Y. Relation between 1,500-m running performance and running economy during high-intensity running in well-trained distance runners. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.6.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Tanji
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yusuke Shirai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
- Institute of Sports Science and Nutrition, Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Toshiki Tsuji
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Wataru Shimazu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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29
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Tanji F, Tsuji T, Shimazu W, Nabekura Y. Estimation of accumulated oxygen deficit from accumulated blood lactate concentration during supramaximal running in middle-distance runners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.6.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Tanji
- Department of Sport Science, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Toshiki Tsuji
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Wataru Shimazu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
- Nagoya Senior High School
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30
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Milioni F, Malta EDS, Rocha LGSDA, Mesquita CAA, de Freitas EC, Zagatto AM. Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:498-503. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Milioni
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvis de Souza Malta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Kalva-Filho CA, Campos EZ, Andrade VL, Silva A, Zagatto AM, Lima M, Papoti M. Relationship of aerobic and anaerobic parameters with 400 m front crawl swimming performance. Biol Sport 2015; 32:333-337. [PMID: 28479663 PMCID: PMC5394852 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1188611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship of aerobic and anaerobic parameters with 400 m performance, and establish which variable better explains long distance performance in swimming. Twenty-two swimmers (19.1±1.5 years, height 173.9±10.0 cm, body mass 71.2±10.2 kg; 76.6±5.3% of 400 m world record) underwent a lactate minimum test to determine lactate minimum speed (LMS) (i.e., aerobic capacity index). Moreover, the swimmers performed a 400 m maximal effort to determine mean speed (S400m), peak oxygen uptake (V.O2PEAK) and total anaerobic contribution (CANA). The CANA was assumed as the sum of alactic and lactic contributions. Physiological parameters of 400 m were determined using the backward extrapolation technique (V.O2PEAK and alactic contributions of CANA) and blood lactate concentration analysis (lactic anaerobic contributions of CANA). The Pearson correlation test and backward multiple regression analysis were used to verify the possible correlations between the physiological indices (predictor factors) and S400m (independent variable) (p < 0.05). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significant correlations were observed between S400m (1.4±0.1 m·s-1) and LMS (1.3±0.1 m·s-1; r = 0.80), V.O2PEAK (4.5±3.9 L·min-1; r = 0.72) and CANA (4.7±1.5 L·O2; r= 0.44). The best model constructed using multiple regression analysis demonstrated that LMS and V.O2PEAK explained 85% of the 400 m performance variance. When backward multiple regression analysis was performed, CANA lost significance. Thus, the results demonstrated that both aerobic parameters (capacity and power) can be used to predict 400 m swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Kalva-Filho
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - E Z Campos
- Institute of Biosciences, State University of São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - V L Andrade
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Asr Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - A M Zagatto
- Departament of Physical Education, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - McS Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, State University of São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - M Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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32
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Brisola GMP, Miyagi WE, da Silva HS, Zagatto AM. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improved MAOD but is not correlated with 200- and 400-m running performances: a double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:931-7. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute supplementation of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) determined by a single supramaximal effort (MAODALT) in running and the correlation with 200- and 400-m running performances. Fifteen healthy men (age, 23 ± 4 years; maximal oxygen uptake, 50.6 ± 6.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) underwent a maximal incremental exercise test and 2 supramaximal efforts at 110% of the intensity associated with maximal oxygen uptake, which was carried out after ingesting either 0.3 g·kg−1 body weight NaHCO3 or a placebo (dextrose) and completing 200- and 400-m performance tests. The study design was double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled. Significant differences were found between the NaHCO3 and placebo conditions for MAODALT (p = 0.01) and the qualitative inference for substantial changes showed a very likely positive effect (98%). The lactic anaerobic contribution in the NaHCO3 ingestion condition was significantly higher (p < 0.01) and showed a very likely positive effect (99% chance), similar to that verified for peak blood lactate concentration (p < 0.01). No difference was found for time until exhaustion (p = 0.19) or alactic anaerobic contribution (p = 0.81). No significant correlations were observed between MAODALT and 200- and 400-m running performance tests. Therefore, we can conclude that both MAODALT and the anaerobic lactic metabolism are modified after acute NaHCO3 ingestion, but it is not correlated with running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Motta Pinheiro Brisola
- Post-Graduate Program in Motricity Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro – SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru – SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Eiji Miyagi
- Post-Graduate Program in Motricity Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro – SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru – SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Santos da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Motricity Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro – SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru – SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Bauru-SP, Brazil
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33
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Gharbi Z, Dardouri W, Haj-Sassi R, Chamari K, Souissi N. Aerobic and anaerobic determinants of repeated sprint ability in team sports athletes. Biol Sport 2015; 32:207-12. [PMID: 26424923 PMCID: PMC4577558 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1150302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine in team sports athletes the relationship between repeated sprint ability (RSA) indices and both aerobic and anaerobic fitness components. Sixteen team-sport players were included (age, 23.4 ± 2.3 years; weight, 71.2 ± 8.3 kg; height, 178 ± 7 cm; body mass index, 22.4 ± 2 kg · m(-2); estimated VO2max, 54.16 ± 3.5 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1)). Subjects were licensed in various team sports: soccer (n = 8), basketball (n = 5), and handball (n = 3). They performed 4 tests: the 20 m multi-stage shuttle run test (MSRT), the 30-s Wingate test (WingT), the Maximal Anaerobic Shuttle Running Test (MASRT), and the RSA test (10 repetitions of 30 m shuttle sprints (15 + 15 m with 180° change of direction) with 30 s passive recovery in between). Pearson's product moment of correlation among the different physical tests was performed. No significant correlations were found between any RSA test indices and WingT. However, negative correlations were found between MASRT and RSA total sprint time (TT) and fatigue index (FI) (r = -0.53, p < 0.05 and r = -0.65, p < 0.01, respectively). No significant relationship between VO2max and RSA peak sprint time (PT) and total sprint time (TT) was found. Nevertheless, VO2max was significantly correlated with the RSA FI (r = -0.57, p < 0.05). In conclusion, aerobic fitness is an important factor influencing the ability to resist fatigue during RSA exercise. Our results highlighted the usefulness of MASRT, in contrast to WingT, as a specific anaerobic testing procedure to identify the anaerobic energy system contribution during RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gharbi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sport Performance Optimisation'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia ; High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - W Dardouri
- Department of physical Education, University of Hail-College of Education, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Haj-Sassi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - K Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - N Souissi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sport Performance Optimisation'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
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Kalva-Filho CA, Zagatto AM, Araújo MI, Santiago PR, da Silva AS, Gobatto CA, Papoti M. Relationship Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters From 3-Minute All-Out Tethered Swimming and 400-m Maximal Front Crawl Effort. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:238-45. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Beck WR, Zagatto AM, Gobatto CA. Repeated sprint ability tests and intensity–time curvature constant to predict short-distance running performances. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-014-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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