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Cameron EC, Ries N, Waller A, Johnston B, Anderson J, Bryant J. Advance personal planning knowledge, attitudes, and participation amongst community-dwelling older people living in regional New South Wales, Australia: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309152. [PMID: 39163286 PMCID: PMC11335115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advance personal planning (APP) involves planning for future periods of incapacity, including making legal decisions and documents. APP ensures that a person's values and preferences are known and respected. This study aimed to examine knowledge of APP, attitudes and confidence towards APP, and participation in APP activities among older people residing in regional and rural areas. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with people aged over 65 years residing in and around regional towns in New South Wales, Australia. Participants responded to a social media advertisement or information provided through a community organisation. Data was collected via pen and paper survey or an online survey. The survey was developed for the study and included questions about the participant and their experiences with APP. Poisson regression modelling was conducted to explore the relationship between APP participation and APP knowledge, confidence and attitudes as well as the participant characteristics associated with APP participation. RESULTS Overall, 216 people completed the survey. Most participants had a will (90%) but only a third (32%) had documented an advance care directive. Knowledge of APP was low with only 2.8% of participants correctly answering all 6 knowledge questions. Participants had a positive attitude towards APP and high level of confidence that they could discuss APP issues with important people in their life. Those with increased knowledge, confidence and attitude towards APP were significantly more likely to participate in APP activities. Older age and having private health insurance were significantly associated with engaging in APP activities. Increased frailty and the presence of health conditions were not associated with increased APP participation. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to increase engagement with APP particularly among those who may be considered frail or have chronic health conditions. Increasing knowledge of, confidence and attitudes towards, APP could help to increase engagement in APP activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie C. Cameron
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Equity in Health and Wellbeing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nola Ries
- Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Waller
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Briony Johnston
- Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Anderson
- School of Law and Justice, College of Human & Social Futures, University of Newcastle, City Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie Bryant
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Equity in Health and Wellbeing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Kong D, Lu P, Wu B, Silverstein M. Parent-Child Relationship Typologies and Associated Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States and China: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae050. [PMID: 38912424 PMCID: PMC11192862 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Cultural differences in intergenerational relationships have been well established in prior research. However, cross-national comparison evidence on the parent-child relationship and its health implications remains limited. Research Design and Methods Data from the 2014 U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the 2015 Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in China were used (N US, non-Hispanic Whites only = 3,918; N China = 4,058). Relationship indicators included coresidence, living nearby, having weekly contact, receiving assistance with daily activities, providing grandchild care, and financial transfer to/from children. Latent class and regression analyses were conducted. Results Four classes were identified for non-Hispanic White older Americans: (1) distant and uninvolved (6.58%), (2) geographically proximate with frequent contact and downward support (47.04%), (3) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (13.1%), and (4) geographically proximate with frequent contact (33.28%). Three classes were identified among older Chinese: (1) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (37.46%), (2) coresident/interdependent (25.65%), and (3) geographically proximate with frequent contact and upward financial support (36.89%). For non-Hispanic White older Americans, providing downward support was associated with fewer functional limitations and better cognition. Receiving instrumental support from children was associated with more depressive symptoms, more functional limitations, and poorer cognition among older Chinese. Discussion and Implications Cultural contrasts were evident in parent-child relationship typologies and their health implications. Compared to the U.S. non-Hispanic Whites, parent-child relationships in China tended to be closer and associated with poorer health status. The findings call for culturally relevant strategies to improve parent-child relationships and ultimately promote the health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexia Kong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyi Lu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Merril Silverstein
- Departments of Sociology, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Clark WAV, Ong ViforJ R, Phelps C. Place Attachment and Aging in Place: Preferences and Disruptions. Res Aging 2024; 46:179-196. [PMID: 37909287 PMCID: PMC10868147 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231209683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the links between place attachment and older persons' preferences to age in place, and factors that disrupt these preferences. We use data from the 2001-2021 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and panel-data modelling to confirm strong associations between several place attachment dimensions and aging-in-place preferences. Strong ties to children, strong social capital, residence in social housing, homeownership status, housing wealth, and home and neighborhood satisfaction are all positively linked to a stronger preference to age in place. Our findings reveal important differences between older homeowners and older non-owners. For owners, closeness to children is a strong predictor of aging-in-place preferences, although mortgage debt can trigger involuntary moves. For non-owners, tenure security achieved through longer durations at one's address of residence is linked to stronger aging-in-place preferences. However, private renters are more often exposed to involuntary moves. We discuss the policy implications of these disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Ong ViforJ
- School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Phelps
- School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Thiemann P, Street AN, Heath SE, Quince T, Kuhn I, Barclay S. Prolonged grief disorder prevalence in adults 65 years and over: a systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023; 13:e30-e42. [PMID: 33707297 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a recently recognised mental health disorder with an estimated prevalence of 10% in the bereaved adult population. This review aims to appraise and summarise evidence relating to PGD in older adults (≥65 years), a growing population group, most likely to experience bereavement and often assumed to cope well. METHOD Literature from Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was searched. Epidemiological and non-epidemiological studies including data on frequency of PGD in older adults bereaved by mainly natural causes were included and a descriptive analysis undertaken. RESULTS From 2059 records, three epidemiological and six non-epidemiological studies were included. Most studies had good internal but not external validity. Conditional prevalence for PGD ranged between 3.2% and 48.8%. Heterogeneity in sample characteristics and study methodology contributed to this variability resulting in a descriptive analysis. The prevalence rate of 9.1% by Kersting et al was the best available estimate for PGD in older adults for western countries. The small number of epidemiological studies and the use of varying PGD-constructs which did not match International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria were the main limiting factors. CONCLUSION This first review on PGD prevalence in older adults suggests that, despite studies' methodological short comings, a similar proportion of older adults experience PGD as the general bereaved adult population (1:10). With older adults forming the largest subgroup among the bereaved, health and social care systems need to adapt their provision of care to address the specific needs of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Thiemann
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Naomi Street
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Eleanor Heath
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thelma Quince
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isla Kuhn
- Medical Library, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Barclay
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Hwang W, Fu X, Brown MT, Silverstein M. Intergenerational solidarity with digital communication and psychological well-being among older parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. FAMILY PROCESS 2023:10.1111/famp.12910. [PMID: 37345490 PMCID: PMC10741250 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify intergenerational solidarity (emotional closeness, in-person contact, phone contact, geographic proximity, consensus, and conflict) with digital communication (texting, video call, and social media interaction) with adult children among older parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we aimed to investigate whether intergenerational solidarity with digital communication latent classes were associated with older parents' psychological well-being. We used the 2022 survey of the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG). The sample consisted of 519 older parents who reported about 1245 adult children. Two-level latent class analysis identified six classes at the child level (Level 1: distant but digitally connected, tight-knit and digitally connected, tight-knit traditional, detached, intimate but distant, and sociable). In addition, the analysis identified three classes at the parent level (Level 2: digitally connected, mixed, and intimate but distant). Results of multivariate regression showed that older parents in the digitally connected latent class had better psychological well-being than those in the mixed latent class. Consequently, our finding indicates that digital solidarity with adult children can be beneficial for older parents' psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosang Hwang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, USA
| | - Maria T. Brown
- School of Social Work & Aging Studies Institute, Syracuse University, USA
| | - Merril Silverstein
- Department of Sociology, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, & Aging Studies Institute, Syracuse University, USA
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Hou Y, Suitor JJ, Gilligan M. Intergenerational Transmission of Relationship Quality in Later-Life Families. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2023; 85:539-555. [PMID: 36936541 PMCID: PMC10022701 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective This article examines the transmission of older women's relationship quality with their mothers and fathers to their relationship quality with their own adult children in midlife. We also investigate how the transmission is moderated by the dimension of relationship quality (closeness vs. strain) and the gender of both the older women's parents and their adult children. Background Prior research has primarily examined parents' transmission of relationship quality to young children with little attention to whether and when this pattern occurs in later-life families. Method We conducted multilevel analyses using data collected from 249 older women and 643 of their adult children as part of the Within-Family Differences Study-I. Results We found evidence for transmission of older women's reported closeness and tension with their mothers and fathers to their reported closeness and tension with their adult children. Adult children's reports also revealed that older women's closeness with their own mothers was transmitted to their adult children's reported closeness with the older women themselves. Mother-child closeness was transmitted more strongly than mother-child tension, and mother-child closeness was transmitted more strongly to daughters than sons, based on adult children's reports. Conclusion This study demonstrates the continuity of intergenerational influence in later-life families and highlights the essential roles that selective social learning and social structural position (i.e., gender) play in conditioning the socialization process.
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Das Gupta D, Wong DWS. Age-Dependent Differences in Frequent Mental Distress (FMD) of US Older Adults Living in Multigenerational Families versus Living Alone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3747. [PMID: 36834440 PMCID: PMC9964232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequent mental distress (FMD) is prevalent among older Americans, but less is known about disparities in FMD of older adults living in multigenerational families versus living alone. We pooled cross-sectional data (unweighted, n = 126,144) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) between 2016 and 2020 and compared FMD (≥14 poor mental health days in the past 30 days = 1; 0 otherwise) of older adults (≥65 years) living in multigenerational families versus living alone in 36 states. After controlling for covariates, findings indicate 23% lower odds of FMD among older adults living in multigenerational households compared to counterparts living alone (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 0.99). Findings also show that the reduction in the odds of FMD with each 5 year increase in age was larger among older adults living in multigenerational families by 18% (AOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.70) compared to older adults living alone (AOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.77), and this difference was significant at the 5% significance level. Multigenerational living may have a protective association with FMD among older adults. Further research is needed to identify multigenerational family and non-kin factors that translate into mental health advantages for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Das Gupta
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - David W. S. Wong
- Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Patterson SE. Cohabiting Adult Children's Transfers to Parents in the United States. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2023; 85:321-336. [PMID: 36816473 PMCID: PMC9937010 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective This brief report presents national estimates of transfers of time and money from cohabiting adult children (ages 18 to 65) to their parents (own and in-laws) to test whether cohabiting adults give differently from their counterparts. Background Previous U.S. studies use data collected in the late 1980s and mid-1990s, when cohabitation was an emerging family form; they find mixed results. Rising rates of cohabitation and an aging population of parents who may rely on transfers from adult children necessitate updated estimates that can help develop the theory of institutionalization of cohabitation. Method This study used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Rosters and Transfers Module, a sample of U.S. households (N=6,340), and logistic and negative binomial models to estimate the likelihood of giving any time or any money to parents by the respondent's union status, the amounts given, and parent type (own, in-laws). Results Cohabitors were less likely to give time to their own parents than their never married counterparts, and gave fewer hours, but were more likely to give time and gave more hours than married adults. For financial transfers to own parents, cohabitors and married respondents gave similarly, but both were less likely to give any money than are single respondents. Cohabitators gave more hours to their in-laws than married respondents. Conclusion Cohabitors behave somewhere in-between marital "greedy institution" norms and broader norms of solidarity with parents. More work should be done to understand how union status affects transfers to parents.
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Krasnov VN, Kryukov VV, Trushchelev SA. [Psychosocial pathomorphosis of depressions]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:30-37. [PMID: 38127698 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312311230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to determine the changes in phenomenology of depressions (mostly of melancholic type with pronounced affect of sadness, chronobiological shift, neurovegetative changes and typical affect-congruent depressive ideas) over the past decades. MATERIAL AND METHODS We've compared the archival data of one of the authors (V.N.K.) obtained in the study of depression within 1980-1086 years (1st group, 103 patients, 47 with recurrent depression and 56 with bipolar depression) and the data of the study of depression during 2015-2021 years with registration of symptoms with the same psychopathological scale at the same clinic for affective disorders (2nd group, 109 patients, 52 with recurrent depression and 57 with bipolar depression). The groups are age-comparable (21-59 y.o.). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) has been used to assess the severity of depression (score of 21-32 in both groups). Statistics included frequency analysis with use of χ2 criterion. RESULTS Biologically mediated symptoms (shortened sleep with early awakening, typical diurnal variations with vitalization of depressive affect and loss of energy mostly first half of day, decreased appetite, libido and motivation for any activity) were not statistically different in the study groups. Whereas symptoms associated with emotional reactivity and congruent depressive ideations like worthlessness, guilt, suicidal thoughts, as well as anaesthesia psychica dolorosa - were statistically rare in 2nd group, except anhedonia. The same time the facts which have been obvious amongst patients of 2nd group were the difficulties to verbalize their feelings, shortage of vocabular for reflections about their suffering, especially amongst young patients. CONCLUSION The results of the study can indicate some changes in the phenomenology of depression over the past decades. Basically, the same underlying disorders can produce different clinical presentation, particularly concerning an awareness and verbalization of moral feelings and other emotions. One of the possible psycholinguistic assumption may be limited vocabulary for feelings because of spreading social networks with very poor and formal language instead of live direct communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Krasnov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology - Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Kryukov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology - Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Trushchelev
- Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia
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Michałek-Kwiecień J. Grandparent-grandchild Relationships and the Psychological and Health Outcomes of Early Adult Grandchildren: An Integrative Review. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2022.2150738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Patterson SE. Educational Attainment Differences in Attitudes toward Provisions of IADL Care for Older Adults in the U.S. J Aging Soc Policy 2022; 34:903-922. [PMID: 32008480 PMCID: PMC7433851 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1722898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Educational attainment is increasingly associated with family inequality in the U.S., but there is little understanding about whether and how education stratifies attitudes toward eldercare. Using the General Social Survey 2012 Eldercare Module, I test the association between educational attainment and attitudes toward eldercare provisions of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) including different combinations of help and payment for help. IADLs are the most common care received by older adults and needs are projected to grow, so understanding attitudes toward this type of care is timely and relevant. Results show that adults with a bachelor's degree or graduate/professional degree, compared to adults with less than a high school degree, are more likely to support complete family IADL eldercare, where families provide the care and any payment necessary for care, compared to complete outside IADL eldercare, where outside institutions provide both care and payment. Educational attainment is an important axis of stratification in the U.S. and may explain potentially bifurcated policy solutions desired among different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Patterson
- The University of Western Ontario, Sociology Department, Social Science
Centre, Room 5306, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C2
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Roberto KA, Savla J. Extended Family Caregivers for Persons Living With Dementia. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2022; 28:396-407. [PMID: 35960005 PMCID: PMC10112257 DOI: 10.1177/10748407221115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite changes in the structure of contemporary families, little is known about extended family members-siblings, grandchildren, nieces/nephews, stepkin-who are primary caregivers for a relative living with dementia. Information about these caregivers is needed to help ensure their needs are understood by providers in health care and social service settings. The focus of this research was on the care situations of extended family caregivers and the impact of caregiving on their health and well-being. In Study 1, data from the National Study of Caregiving were used to describe the experiences of 107 extended family caregivers. In Study 2, case study techniques elicited additional information about the experiences of 10 extended family caregivers. Collectively, these caregivers provide care with little or no formal support and occasional help from a small informal network. Caregiving affected their physical and emotional health, depending on the strength of the relationship between the caregiver and the person living with dementia and the type of care provided. Findings contribute new knowledge about extended family caregivers and highlight the important role extended family dementia caregivers play and the challenges they face.
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Shah AR, Ni L, Bay AA, Hart AR, Perkins MM, Hackney ME. Remote versus In-Person Health Education: Feasibility, Satisfaction, and Health Literacy for Diverse Older Adults. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 50:369-381. [PMID: 36124443 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health education may improve health in geriatric patients. To evaluate differences between remote and in-person education, the DREAMS (Developing a Research Participation Enhancement and Advocacy Training Program for Diverse Seniors) health seminar series compared in-person and remote learning groups to assess feasibility, satisfaction, adherence, health literacy, and cognitive outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN Nonrandomized two-arm interventions occurred remotely or in-person. About 130 diverse, older adults (M age: 70.8 ± 9.2 years; in-person n = 95; remote, n = 35) enrolled. Data from 115 completers (In-person n = 80; Remote n = 35) were analyzed for performance outcomes. Feasibility, adherence, and satisfaction benchmarks were evaluated at baseline, immediately post intervention, and 8 weeks post intervention. Adjusting for baseline performances, outcomes on health literacy and cognitive measures were compared between groups after intervention (at posttest and at 8-week follow-up) using adjusted mean differences (β coefficients). RESULTS Eighty in-person and all remote participants completed at least six modules. Both programs had high satisfaction, feasibility, and strong adherence. After adjusting for demographic covariates and baseline values, cognitive and motor cognitive measures between groups were domain specific (e.g., global cognition, executive function, spatial memory, mental tracking capacity, and cognitive integration). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This work explores feasible measures of knowledge acquisition and its link to health literacy and cognitive outcomes. Identifying effective delivery methods may increase involvement in clinical research. Future studies may encourage remote learning for increased accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali R Shah
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liang Ni
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison A Bay
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Molly M Perkins
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madeleine E Hackney
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Keating N. A research framework for the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030). Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:775-787. [PMID: 35035341 PMCID: PMC8753942 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mission of UN Decade of Healthy Ageing (2020-2030) is to improve the lives of older people, their families and their communities. In this paper, we create a conceptual framework and research agenda for researchers to knowledge to address the Decade action items. The framework builds on the main components of healthy ageing: Environments (highlighting society and community) across life courses (of work and family) toward wellbeing (of individuals, family members and communities). Knowledge gaps are identified within each area as priority research actions. Within societal environments, interrogating beliefs about ageism and about familism are proposed as a way to illustrate how macro approaches to older people influence their experiences. We need to interrogate the extent to which communities are good places to grow old; and whether they have sufficient resources to be supportive to older residents. Further articulation of trajectories and turning points across the full span of work and of family life courses is proposed to better understand their diversities and the extent to which they lead to adequate financial and social resources in later life. Components of wellbeing are proposed to monitor improvement in the lives of older people, their families and communities. Researcher priorities can be informed by regional and national strategies reflecting Decade actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Keating
- Global Social Issues on Ageing (GSIA), International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Research on Ageing, Policies and Practice (RAPP), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Casado-Ramirez E, Moreno-Casbas MT, Campos M, Madrid JA, Rol MA. Living at the Wrong Time: Effects of Unmatching Official Time in Portugal and Western Spain. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1130. [PMID: 36009758 PMCID: PMC9404853 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human circadian rhythmicity is subjected to the internal circadian clock, the sun and social clocks (official time, social/work schedules). The discrepancy among these clocks, as occurs when official time does not match its geographical time zone, may produce circadian disruption. Western Spain (GMT+1/+2) and Portugal (GMT0/+1) share similar longitudes (sun time) but have different official times. This provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of official time on circadian rhythmicity and sleep in elderly and retired populations (with no remunerated duties presumed, although other social commitments may be present) at both locations. Although both populations slept enough for their age (7-8 h), circadian robustness (e.g., interdaily stability, relative amplitude) was greater in Portugal, especially during weekdays, while greater desynchronization (both body temperature vs. motor activity and body temperature vs. light exposure) tended to occur in the Spaniards. Once corrected by GMT0, meals took place later in Spain than in Portugal, especially as the day progresses, and a possible interplay between bed/meal timings and internal desynchronization was found. Our results point to the possible deleterious effect on circadian system robustness when official time is misaligned with its geographical time zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
| | - Elvira Casado-Ramirez
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Cuidados y Servicios de Salud (Investén-Isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Cuidados y Servicios de Salud (Investén-Isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, INTICO, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
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16
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Torabian M, Fadayevatan R, Zanjari N, Foroughan M, Harouni GG. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the "Intergenerational relationship quality scale for aging parents and their children". JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:199. [PMID: 36003237 PMCID: PMC9393917 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_870_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the status of intergenerational relationships of elderly parents with their adult childen is very important in examining issues related to the status of the elderly such as well being and quality of life and other aspects of elderly life. Giveeen the significance of the topic, the current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of "Intergenerational Relationship Quality Scale for Aging Parents and Their Children" (IRQS-AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 463 community-dwelling elders (aged 60 years or older) in Tehran participated in this study through multistage cluster sampling method. To investigate reliability, the construct and convergent validity of the IRQS-AP, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and interclass correlation coefficient were done. RESULTS The content validity index was 0.84 for the entire tool. In the CFA, we found the instrument had a four-factor structure and adequate internal consistency. The scale had a significant and positive correlation with the two measures of loneliness and depression. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha was estimated at 0.77, and the high value of the interclass correlation was 0.82. CONCLUSION The IRQS-AP is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to examine the status of intergenerational relationship quality in Iranian elder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Torabian
- Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fadayevatan
- Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Zanjari
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Foroughan
- Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jørgensen TSH, Meyer AC, Hedström M, Fors S, Modig K. The importance of close next of kin for independent living and readmissions among older Swedish hip fracture patients. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e727-e738. [PMID: 34032333 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the importance of adult children and/or cohabitation with a partner for older hip fracture patients' probability of independent living, public home care use and hospital readmission. Data from 35,066 Swedish hip fracture patients between 2012 and 2017, aged 65 years, and living at home at the time of the fracture in the Swedish Registry for Hip Fracture Patients and Treatment were linked with national registers. We applied adjusted logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. In total, 959 (4.0%) women and 817 (7.3%) men had no adult children, 13,384 (56.0%) women and 3,623 (32.5%) men had no cohabiting partner and 2,780 (11.6%) women and 1,389 (12.5%) men neither had a cohabiting partner nor adult children. In comparison with women and men who had both a cohabiting partner and adult children, those without a cohabiting partner (i.e. only adult children) and those who neither had a cohabiting partner nor adult children had significantly lower probabilities of returning home (at discharge and after 4 months). They also had a greater probability of both receiving home care and having an increase in the amount of home care they receive. Having a close next of kin and hospital readmission were not associated. In conclusion, absence of a close next of kin, specifically a cohabiting partner, reduces the chance of return to independent living and increases the use of home care after a hip fracture hospitalisation. The findings highlight the importance of family support for older adults living situation after a hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna C Meyer
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hedström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Fors
- Aging Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Modig
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Heflin C, Patnaik H. Material Hardship and the Living Arrangements of Older Americans. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES 2022; 44:267-284. [PMID: 35400987 PMCID: PMC8979481 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-022-09838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which the household living arrangements of older adults influences their experiences of material hardship. Using data from the 2014 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we run linear probability models with individual fixed effects to estimate the likelihood that a change in living arrangements predicts a change in food insecurity, housing hardship and utility hardship. Although household living arrangements are associated with reports of material hardship for older adults, individual fixed effect models point to a reduced role for the change in living arrangements on the change in the probability of experiencing material hardship. For older adults, we find that moving into a non-family household increases the risk of housing hardship. This study illustrates how the risk of material hardship related to family living arrangements changes over the life course. We call for increased attention to the risk of material hardship for older adults living alone, those in multigenerational living arrangements, and non-family households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Heflin
- Maxwell School of Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Hannah Patnaik
- Maxwell School of Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY USA
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Shorey S, Ng ED. A Social-Ecological Model of Grandparenting Experiences: A Systematic Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:e193-e205. [PMID: 33146711 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Grandparenting trends have been increasing due to rises in female employment, economic stressors, and single-parent families. Because the level of grandparental involvement could either result in beneficial or adverse physical and mental health outcomes, this review aims to use a social-ecological model to compare the childcare experiences of primary and nonprimary grandparent caregivers and the effects of childcare on their physical and emotional health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a systematic review. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for qualitative papers. A thematic analysis was conducted, and data were framed using the social-ecological model. RESULTS Seventy-four qualitative studies were included. Four themes were generated: intrapersonal: attitudes and motivations (obligation and sense of responsibility, limited physical health, and emotional resources), interpersonal: relationships with grandchildren and adult children (grandparental roles and gendered differences, forging bonds with grandchildren, role ambiguities, conflicts and drawing boundaries, and support and relationships with others), organizational: social services and educational needs, and policy: financial and legal issues. Grandparental well-being is likely to be dependent on the context of the childcare provided, relational bonds with adult children and grandchildren, and the availability of a community and institutional, legal, and financial support. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The act of grandparenting is laden with cost and reward. To ensure a better quality of life in grandparents' later years, joint efforts between policymakers, educators, and organizations are required to meet their childcare support needs such that they can fulfill their grandparenting roles with ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esperanza Debby Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lichter DT, Qian Z, Song H. Gender, union formation, and assortative mating among older women. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2022; 103:102656. [PMID: 35183313 PMCID: PMC8861446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a search-theoretic model of union formation among women, aged 55 and older. Specifically, it provides new estimates of gender differentials in cohabitation and marriage at older ages, and documents recent patterns of assortative mating using data from the 2008-2017 American Community Survey. Our analyses reveal that cohabitation represents a much smaller share of all older unmarried women, all partnered women, and all women in comparison to patterns observed among their male counterparts. The results also reveal highly uneven patterns of union formation by age, race and marital history, which reflect demographically uneven constraints and preferences. Our analyses also document, for the first time, patterns of assortative mating at older ages. Shortages of similarly-aged men, especially among older African American women, seemingly heighten the likelihood of demographically mismatched unions. Older women are less likely to form unions with same-race or economically attractive partners, defined as men having a college-degree. This study shows that older single women, in general, are at a comparative disadvantage in the marriage market, both in forming co-residential unions and in finding partners who match their own social, demographic, and economic profiles. This paper highlights considerable heterogeneity in the experiences of America's older women. It calls for new theoretical approaches that acknowledge the unequal resources and bargaining power among older women in the marriage market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Lichter
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy and Cornell Population Center, Cornell University, United States.
| | - Zhenchao Qian
- Department of Sociology and Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, United States.
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Sociology and Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, United States.
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21
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Hoffmann S, Sander L, Wachtler B, Blume M, Schneider S, Herke M, Pischke CR, Fialho PMM, Schuettig W, Tallarek M, Lampert T, Spallek J. Moderating or mediating effects of family characteristics on socioeconomic inequalities in child health in high-income countries - a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:338. [PMID: 35177014 PMCID: PMC8851861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By explaining the development of health inequalities, eco-social theories highlight the importance of social environments that children are embedded in. The most important environment during early childhood is the family, as it profoundly influences children's health through various characteristics. These include family processes, family structure/size, and living conditions, and are closely linked to the socioeconomic position (SEP) of the family. Although it is known that the SEP contributes to health inequalities in early childhood, the effects of family characteristics on health inequalities remain unclear. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise existing research on the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on socioeconomic health inequalities (HI) during early childhood in high-income countries. METHODS This review followed the methodology of "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews". To identify German and English scientific peer-reviewed literature published from January 1st, 2000, to December 19th, 2019, the following search term blocks were linked with the logical operator "AND": (1) family structure/size, processes, living conditions, (2) inequalities, disparities, diversities, (3) income, education, occupation, (4) health and (5) young children. The search covered the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. RESULTS The search yielded 7,089 records. After title/abstract and full-text screening, only ten peer-reviewed articles were included in the synthesis, which analysed the effects of family characteristics on HI in early childhood. Family processes (i.e., rules /descriptive norms, stress, parental screen time, parent-child conflicts) are identified to have mediating or moderating effects. While families' living conditions (i.e., TVs in children's bedrooms) are suggested as mediating factors, family structure/size (i.e., single parenthood, number of children in the household) appear to moderate health inequalities. CONCLUSION Family characteristics contribute to health inequalities in early childhood. The results provide overall support of models of family stress and family investment. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of family health literacy, regarding a wide range of children's health outcomes (e.g., oral health, inflammation parameters, weight, and height), and the development of health inequalities over the life course starting at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Lydia Sander
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPD-BW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max Herke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Paula Mayara Matos Fialho
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schuettig
- Chair of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Tallarek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitaetsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
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O’Neill M, Ryan A, Tracey A, Laird L. 'The Primacy of 'Home': An exploration of how older adults' transition to life in a care home towards the end of the first year. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e478-e492. [PMID: 33242367 PMCID: PMC9292794 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This grounded theory study sought to explore how older adults' experience the transition from living at home to a care home with a specific focus on the latter part of the first year of the move. The study was carried out within a large Health Trust in the UK between August 2017 and May 2019. Purposive sampling was used in the initial stages of data collection. Thereafter and consistent with grounded theory methodology, theoretical sampling was employed to undertake semi-structured interviews with 17 individuals from eight care homes between 5 and 12 months after the move. This paper reports five key categories which were: (a) The lasting effect of first Impressions 'They helped me make my mind up' (b) On a Journey 'I just take it one day at a time', (c) Staying connected and feeling 'at home' 'You get something good out of it you know…you get hope'. (d) Managing loss and grief 'It was important for me to say cheerio to the house' and (e) Caring relationships 'I didn't realise that I was lonely until I had company'. Together these five categories formed the basis of the core category 'The Primacy of 'Home' which participants identified as a place they would like to feel valued, nurtured and have a sense of belonging. This study identifies that it is important for individual preferences and expectations to be managed from the outset of the move. Individuals and families need to be supported to have honest and caring conversations to promote acceptance and adaptation to living in a care home while continuing to embrace the heart of 'home'. Key recommendations from this study include the need to raise awareness of the significance of the ongoing psychological and emotional well-being needs of older people which should be considered in policy directives and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie O’Neill
- School of Nursing and Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUlster UniversityCo LondonderryNorthern Ireland
| | - Assumpta Ryan
- School of Nursing and Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUlster UniversityCo LondonderryNorthern Ireland
| | - Anne Tracey
- School of PsychologyUlster UniversityColeraine, Co LondonderryNorthern Ireland
| | - Liz Laird
- School of Nursing and Institute of Nursing and Health ResearchUlster UniversityCo LondonderryNorthern Ireland
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Michalopoulou E, Bornstein MM, Schimmel M, Kossioni A, Kalberer N, Marchini L, Srinivasan M. Translation and validation of an ageism scale for dental students in Switzerland. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:74-79. [PMID: 34980824 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to validate an ageism scale for dental students in Switzerland. METHODS The original scale was first translated to German and then evaluated by 14 experts for relevance; four items were eliminated. Validation of the resulting questionnaire was performed at three Swiss dental schools. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed; Cronbach's alpha (α) was used to assess the internal consistency reliability, and Pearson's coefficient to identify any correlations with demographic parameters (P < 0.05). RESULTS PCA revealed 11 items among 4 factors (Overall: 11 items, α = 0.63, variance = 56.6%; Factor #1 (F1): items = 3, α = 0.64; Factor #2 (F2): items = 3, α = 0.42; Factor #3 (F3): items = 3, α = 0.35; Factor #4 (F4): items = 2, α = 0.37). F1 and F4 were correlated with clinical experience (F1: P = 0.042; F4: P = 0.006) and participation in a gerodontology course (F1: P = 0.021; F4: P = 0.004). F1 was correlated with experience of dealing with the elderly (P = 0.031), while residence locality was correlated with F3 (P = 0.047) and F4 (P = 0.043). F2 was correlated with the presence of elderly in the family (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION The translated dental ageism questionnaire for Switzerland resulted in an 11-item scale with acceptable reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Michalopoulou
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern.,Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva
| | - Anastassia Kossioni
- Division of Gerodontology, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Nicole Kalberer
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
| | - Leonardo Marchini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics
| | - Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
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Nieszporska S. Grey systems in the management of demand for palliative care services in Poland. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 34988747 PMCID: PMC8734292 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-021-00349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of care for people in a critical or even terminal health condition, who are in the last stage of their life, has become the mission of palliative care facilities. Therefore, the life of a sick patient poses a number of challenges for health care services to make sure that medical services are tailored to the trajectory of the disease, as well as the various needs, preferences and resources of patients and their families. METHODS Health systems financed from public funds need to adopt new methods of management to meet the high and arising demand for a long-term care. There are several ways of assessing the demand for long-term care services. The method recommended by the author and presented in more detail in this paper is the one relying on grey systems, which enables the estimation of forecasting models and, finally, actual forecasts of the number of potential future patients. RESULTS GST can be used to make predictions about the future behaviour of the system, which is why this article aims to present the possibility of using the first-order grey model GM (1,1) in predicting the number of patients of palliative care facilities in Poland. The analysis covers the data from 2014 to 2019, whereas the prediction of the number of patients has been additionally formulated for 2020. CONCLUSIONS Health systems, particularly publicly funded ones, are characterised by a certain kind of incompleteness and uncertainty of data on the structure and behaviour of its individual components (e.g. potential patients or payers). The present study aims to prove how simple and effective grey systems models are in the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Nieszporska
- Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, ul. Armii Krajowej 19B, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland.
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Peña-Longobardo LM, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Oliva-Moreno J. The impact of widowhood on wellbeing, health, and care use: A longitudinal analysis across Europe. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 43:101049. [PMID: 34371339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate whether becoming widowed had a significant effect on individual's health status as well as on healthcare and non-healthcare resources use, compared to people who remained in a couple in Europe. DATA AND METHOD It was used the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe from 2004 to 2015. The statistical technique used was genetic matching which analysed the differences in wellbeing, mental health, health status, risk of death, health care resources and long-term care utilization of people who have become widowed, comparing with people who remained married or with a partner. We considered shortterm and medium-term effects. RESULTS In the short term, those who became widowed had a worse wellbeing and mental health, in addition to a greater probability of receiving formal care and informal care from outside the household. There seems to be a significant effect in the use of formal and informal care from outside the household in the medium term. CONCLUSIONS The results might help to concentrate a major effort of any policy or strategy, not only in the field of health but also in the provision of long-term care, immediately after the negative shock occurs.
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Choi SWE, Zhang Z. Caring as curing: Grandparenting and depressive symptoms in China. Soc Sci Med 2021; 289:114452. [PMID: 34624620 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on grandparenting (i.e., caring for grandchildren) and mental health in Asian contexts has been limited, despite the rapid growth of older adults who take care of grandchildren. This study aims to investigate how grandparenting influences depressive symptoms in China. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015, N = 4354), we conducted fixed effects regression models to examine the association between various types of grandparenting and depressive symptoms among older adults between the ages of 45 and 80. The results show that for grandparents, providing care to their grandchildren in skipped-generation households (i.e., grandparent-grandchildren families without adult children) is associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms compared to providing no care, after controlling for socioeconomic status, health behaviors, social support, and basic demographic characteristics. Other types of care (i.e., multigenerational household grandparenting, and part-time and full-time noncoresident grandparenting) are not significantly linked to caregiving grandparents' depressive symptoms. Overall, our findings suggest that sociocultural contexts need to be considered in explaining the different mental health implications of grandparenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Emily Choi
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University, USA.
| | - Zhenmei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, USA
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Park D, Morano C, Savage A. Understanding the role of social support and social support network for depression among informal dementia caregivers: a pilot clinical project on caregivers in NYC. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2021; 60:599-613. [PMID: 34651558 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1987374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the association of depressive symptoms with the informal social support network reported by dementia caregivers participating in a community-based caregiver support program. Caregivers in a community-based dementia caregiver program completed an intake assessment, including the social support network instrument. Measures were completed for caregivers' social support network, using the social support network instrument (SSNI). Measures also included depression, caregiver strain, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and demographics. Findings suggest the effects of social supports and social network on caregivers' depressive symptoms. Caregivers who had financial supports were less likely to have depressive symptoms. Also, the frequency of contact among social network variables predicted the decrease of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejun Park
- Department of Social Work, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Carmen Morano
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Savage
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Oh YS, Lim J. Patient-Provider Communication and Online Health Information Seeking among a Sample of US Older Adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:708-716. [PMID: 34743676 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1998846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Negative communications with health professionals are a stressor to older adults in healthcare settings. In this situation, older adults seek health information on the Internet as alternative information sources and may consider this as having the equivalent value of communicating with a health professional. This study examines the relationship between communications with health professionals and online health information seeking in older adults. This study used the Health Information National Trends Survey, Cycle 3, and included participants (N = 743) aged 65 or older who used the Internet. A multiple logistic regression was employed to examine the association of health professional communication with online health information seeking. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between health communications and three types of online health information seeking in older adults. Online health information seeking was significantly associated with negative communications with health professionals. Health communications only predicted online health information seeking by oneself, and females were more likely to search for health information on the Internet than males. The results of this study show that older adults' online health information seeking is an active coping strategy to reduce health risks and improve health promotion in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Oh
- Department of Public Administration and Social Work, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jinseop Lim
- Department of Gerontal Health & Welfare, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, South Korea
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“Be Their Advocate”: Families’ Experience with a Relative in LTC during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Can J Aging 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980821000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractShortly after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, strict visitor restrictions were issued for long-term care facilities (LTCFs). A year later, restrictions are still in place and they continue to impact family members who have limited or no in-person contact with their relative in LTCFs. The goal of this qualitative longitudinal focused ethnography was to understand the experience of family members who have a relative in a LTCF where visiting has been restricted during the pandemic. Seventeen family members participated in two interviews that were 6 months apart. Data analysis highlighted five key drivers, defined as the workforce, communication deficits, characteristics of care, public health directives, and autonomy of relative which in turn resulted in three main themes: psychological distress, surveillance, and visiting challenges. This study provides a glimpse into the difficult experiences of families with a relative residing in a LTCF in the province of New Brunswick.
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Kim YK, Kim K, Boerner K, Han G. Like Parent, Like Child? Aging Anxiety Among Married Korean Baby Boomers. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1292-1301. [PMID: 32310295 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES How intergenerational relationships influence individuals' views on aging remains understudied. This study investigated how multiple older family members' health and financial challenges may shape middle-aged adults' aging anxiety. METHOD Married Korean baby boomers (N = 1,389) from the Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study reported on their own aging anxiety and rated each of their living parents' and in-laws' health and financial conditions. Using structural equation modeling, we examined how parents' and in-laws' health and financial challenges are associated with one's aging anxiety, and whether gender and frequency of intergenerational contact moderate the link. We expected worse health or financial conditions to be associated with higher levels of aging anxiety, and the effect to be more pronounced for women and those with more contact. RESULTS A worse financial condition of the poorest parent/in-law was associated with higher levels of aging anxiety, while worse health condition of the unhealthiest parent/in-law was associated with lower levels of aging anxiety. The same results were found when we considered the sum of all living parents' and in-laws' financial and health conditions. Frequency of contact moderated the effect of the financial condition of the poorest parent/in-law, such that individuals reporting more contact with the poorest parent/in-law showed higher levels of aging anxiety than those with less contact. There was no moderating effect of gender. DISCUSSION The findings highlight the role family ties play in shaping one's aging anxiety. Interventions aimed at improving views on aging through intergenerational interactions should target the quality of the intergenerational experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijung K Kim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Kathrin Boerner
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Gyounghae Han
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Seoul National University, South Korea
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31
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Thomas MJ, Dommermuth L. Interrelationships Among Fertility, Internal Migration,and Proximity to Nonresident Family: A Multilevel Multiprocess Analysis. Demography 2021; 58:1817-1841. [PMID: 34379118 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9424636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Past research has found that relations to nonresident family can influence individual fertility and migration behaviors separately. However, fertility and migration outcomes may also be interrelated, suggesting potential links across all three demographic processes. With this in mind, we track a cohort of women in Norway from age 18 to 31, recording the emergence of birth and migration events as well as their proximity to nonresident family networks (siblings and parents). Using a multilevel multiprocess statistical framework, with observations nested within women and equations for births, migrations, and proximity to nonresident family estimated simultaneously, our results support the notion that linked lives matter. Even in early adulthood, proximity to nonresident family has a positive effect on transitions to motherhood, whereas the presence of children (itself an outcome of past fertility) is associated with lower propensities to migrate. Mothers also have higher propensities to be living near family than women without children. The presence of local nonresident family reduces propensities for second and third migrations. However, after accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and selection, we observe a small positive effect of proximity to family on first migrations undertaken after age 18. Significant cross-process residual correlations exist across all three outcomes, suggesting that separately estimated model estimates may be vulnerable to bias emerging from unobserved sources of heterogeneity and selection. Our analysis therefore suggests that decisions about fertility, migration, and proximity to family are jointly determined and endogenous, and they should be analyzed simultaneously when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Thomas
- Statistics Norway, Research Department, Oslo, Norway.,Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rafael A, Sousa L, Martins S, Fernandes L. Cognitive Impairment in Grandparents: A Systematic Review. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:593-602. [PMID: 34340272 PMCID: PMC8328831 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between grandparenting and the cognitive impairment in older persons. METHODS The protocol was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42018105849. Authors conducted a systematic review, following "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) recommendations. Electronic databases were accessed through august 2018: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Selection of records and quality appraisal were made by two reviewers, independently. RESULTS A total of 178 records was found, after removing duplicates. From those, 17 were considered eligible for integral text reading and eight were included: five original studies, one classic review and two editorials. From the five original studies included, four suggested a positive effect on cognition resulting from grandparenting and one suggested that there was no evidence for a causal effect. Though the boundary was not consensual, some studies suggested that a higher frequency of grandparenting has a negative impact on cognition. CONCLUSION Overall, studies suggested a trend towards a positive effect of grandchild care on grandparents' cognition. However, there was a significant heterogeneity between methodologies and a significant risk of bias which can hamper conclusions, indicating the need for further and more robust research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rafael
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Saúde Familar Arco do Prado, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Lídia Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim, Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Martins
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- GeriMHealth of Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Psychiatry Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Bandari R, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Khankeh H, Ebadi A, Montazeri A. Development and psychometric evaluation of the loneliness inventory for older adults (Lonely): A mixed-methods study. Nurs Open 2021; 9:2804-2813. [PMID: 34198367 PMCID: PMC9584472 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop and initially validate the Loneliness Inventory for Older Adults. Design Scale development and evaluation. Methods This was a two‐phase study. In phase 1, the initial items pool (126 items) was generated based on the concept analysis and literature review. Moreover, content validity was established by geriatric and psychometric experts. Phase 2 evaluated structural validity by performing item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. Reliability was evaluated by examining internal consistency, stability (ICC) and absolute reliability. Results Following the development process, 94 items were removed and a provisional version of the questionnaire with 32 items was subjected to psychometric evaluation. Three hundred and seventy older adults completed the questionnaire. After performing factor analysis, overall 3 items were removed due to low loading, and the questionnaire was reduced to 29 items tapping into five factors. The Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.94, and the ICC value was 0.97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Bandari
- Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khankeh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolina Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Park NS, Chiriboga DA, Chung S. The Effect of Social Capital and Family Support on Loneliness among Korean Adults: Intergenerational Differences. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2021.1868239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- University of South Florida, Tampa, South Florida, USA
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Woods SB, Bridges K, Carpenter EN. The Critical Need to Recognize That Families Matter for Adult Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1608-1626. [PMID: 31747478 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A systemic approach to researching families and health should capture the complex network within which family members are embedded, including multiple family relationships and larger systems of health care. However, much of the families and health research focused on adult family members has focused solely on intimate partnerships, usually the marital relationship. This neglects the remainder of the powerfully influencing family relationships adults retain, and may increasingly focus on as they age. We conducted a systematic review of the families and adult health literature, retaining 72 articles which were subsequently thematically coded to highlight main foci of this area of research. Results highlight six themes, which include family relationship quality, family composition, behavioral factors in health and health care, psychophysiological mediators, caregiving, and aging health. Findings support an underrepresentation of family members, other than the intimate partner, in research on adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Woods
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kate Bridges
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment of depression and other psychiatric conditions. There are few comprehensive data on how many patients receive ECT in the United States or about the demographics of ECT recipients. This study characterizes the demographics of those receiving ECT and how these demographics may have changed with time. METHODS Freedom of information requests for all data from record keeping inception to January 2019 were sent to the Department of Health or equivalent agency of states that mandate reporting of ECT. Information on demographics and the number of treating facilities was extracted. RESULTS Data on 62,602 patients receiving treatment in 3 states (California, Illinois, Vermont) were obtained. Overall, 62.3% were women. Fewer than 1% of patients treated were younger than 18 years, whereas 30.3% were 65 years or older. White patients received a disproportionate proportion of treatments, with all other races underrepresented. The total number of facilities offering ECT in the 3 states declined over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Recipients of ECT are more likely to be female, more likely to be elderly, and more likely to be white than the average person in their state.
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Eldercare in Japan: Cluster Analysis of Daily Time-Use Patterns of Elder Caregivers. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-020-09313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUsing the data of the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities, we perform cluster analysis and identify seven unique patterns of daily time-use patterns of co-resident family elder caregivers: (1) ‘Overworkers’, (2) ‘Full-time Workers’, (3) ‘Part-time Workers’, (4) ‘Intensive Caregivers’, (5) ‘Houseworkers’, (6) ‘Leisurely’, and (7) caregivers, who needed medical attention on the diary day (‘Emergency Diaries’). Our results show that the ‘Houseworkers’ and ‘Intensive Caregivers’ spend the most time on adult caregiving activities. Care activities for ‘Houseworkers’ are more likely to coincide with longer housework hours, increasing the total unpaid work volume. The analysis of demographic profiles suggests that similar daily patterns on weekdays and weekends do not belong to people with the same demographic characteristics. For instance, although on weekdays, ‘Leisurely Caregivers’ are mostly represented by the elderly taking care of other elderly, people of any age can belong to this category on weekends. Among all types of caregivers, only 'Intensive Caregivers' are as likely to be men as they can be women, suggesting that when the need for eldercare increases, family caregivers of any gender will step in.
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Phulkerd S, Gray RS, Chamratrithirong A. The influence of co-residential and non-co-residential living arrangements on sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption in the aging population in Thailand. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:476. [PMID: 33198625 PMCID: PMC7670708 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Living arrangements have an impact on a family’s health-related behaviors, especially its eating behaviors. However, studies that have examined the association between living arrangements and food intake, especially fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption of older adults, are rare. This study aimed to investigate the association between living arrangements and FV consumption in a population of older adults in Thailand from a national sample of households. Methods This study extracted data on 2048 persons age 60 years or older from a study of a nationally-representative sample of Thai households. The survey asked respondents about FV intake, living arrangements, household size, and socio-demographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the variables and FV intake. Results The mean age of the respondents was 68.2 ± 6.5 years. Of the total sample, only 31.9% had sufficient FV intake. The group with the lowest possibility of sufficient FV intake was persons who lived alone. Those who lived with at least one child or lived in a skipped-generation household were 2.7 and 2.2 times as likely to have sufficient FV intake as those who lived alone (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Older adults living only with their spouse were 2.1 times as likely to have sufficient FV intake as those who lived alone. FV intake also differed significantly by socio-demographic characteristics (sex, place of residence, educational attainment, occupation and income), self-rated health, FV knowledge, and exposure to a FV promotion campaign in the community. Conclusions The findings from this study suggest that a different approach is required to improve FV consumption in the older population by taking into account their living arrangements, community context, level of FV knowledge, and socio-demographic characteristics. The older adults who live alone, as well as those living in a large household, are at particular risk of inadequate FV intake, and require special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinya Phulkerd
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Rossarin Soottipong Gray
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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Li S. The Relevance of Gender in the Care of Elders: Assumptions and Realities. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0971521520938980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An examination of the common belief that gender determines a closer emotional bond between adult daughters and elderly parents than adult sons results in five paradoxes. By employing sociological and psychological theories, this paper looks at discriminatory socialisation that sets sons and daughters apart in childhood and argues that the performance of daily routine chores, rather than gender, lies at the core of how intergenerational bonds are shaped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Arts and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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40
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Roystonn K, Abdin E, Shahwan S, Zhang Y, Sambasivam R, Vaingankar JA, Mahendran R, Chua HC, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Living arrangements and cognitive abilities of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:625-635. [PMID: 32141156 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dementia is a growing public health concern. It is necessary to focus on factors that may help preserve cognitive function in late life. Limited research has examined how living arrangements are associated with cognitive function in older adults. This study aims to further our understanding of this association in community-dwelling older adults in a multi-ethnic Asian population. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional population survey of 2548 adults aged 60 and older with standardized instruments. Living arrangements were classified as living with adult children and grandchildren, living with adult children only, living with a spouse/partner only, living alone, living with other relatives, and living with non-relatives. RESULTS Cognitive function was significantly predicted by living arrangements among community-dwelling older adults. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that older adults in multigenerational family households had significantly poorer cognitive function than those living with a spouse/partner (β = 0.54, P < 0.02) and those living with non-relatives (β = 1.08, P < 0.02). This association was independent of the influence of age, gender, ethnicity, education, employment status, marital status, depression, disability, chronic health conditions, and self-reported health. CONCLUSION Older adults living in multigenerational households seem to be disadvantaged in their cognitive function. However, we cannot conclude this based on the evidence because of the cross-sectional nature of the data. Further research is needed to reasonably determine the relationship between living arrangements and cognitive function. Regardless, these findings add to the growing understanding of the complex relationship between living arrangements and cognition in older adults and could provide a basis to design effective strategies to delay cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunjue Zhang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Borraccino A, Campagna S, Politano G, Dalmasso M, Dimonte V, Gianino MM. Predictors and trajectories of ED visits among patients receiving palliative home care services: findings from a time series analysis (2013-2017). BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:126. [PMID: 32799860 PMCID: PMC7429889 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current policies recommend integrating home care and palliative care to enable patients to remain at home and avoid unnecessary hospital admission and emergency department (ED) visits. The Italian health care system had implemented integrated palliative home care (IHPC) services to guarantee a comprehensive, coordinated approach across different actors and to reduce potentially avoidable ED visits. This study aimed to analyze the trajectories of ED visit rates among patients receiving IHPC in the Italian healthcare system, as well as the association between socio-demographic, health supply, and clinical factors. METHODS A pooled, cross-sectional, time series analysis was performed in a large Italian region in the period 2013-2017. Data were taken from two databases of the official Italian National Information System: Home Care Services and ED use. A clinical record is opened at the time a patient is enrolled in IHPC and closed after the last service is provided. Every such clinical record was considered as an IHPC event, and only ED visits that occurred during IHPC events were considered. RESULTS The 20,611 patients enrolled in IHPC during the study period contributed 23,085 IHPC events; ≥1 ED visit occurred during 6046 of these events. Neoplasms accounted for 89% of IHPC events and for 91% of ED visits. Although there were different variations in ED visit rates during the study period, a slight decline was observed for all diseases, and this decline accelerated over time (b = - 0.18, p = 0.796, 95% confidence interval [CI] = - 1.59;1.22, b-squared = - 1.25, p < 0.001, 95% CI = -1.63;-0.86). There were no significant predictors among the socio-demographic factors (sex, age, presence of a non-family caregiver, cohabitant family members, distance from ED), health supply factors (proponent of IHPC) and clinical factors (prevalent disorder at IHPC entry, clinical symptoms). CONCLUSION Our results show that use of ED continues after enrollment in IHPC, but the trend of this use declines over time. As no significant predictive factors were identified, no specific interventions can be recommended on which the avoidable ED visits depend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Campagna
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Politano
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico of Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Dalmasso
- Regional Public Health Observatory (SEPI), Local Health Unit TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco (To), Italy
| | - Valerio Dimonte
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Gianino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
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Mitchell BA, Wister AV, Li G, Wu Z. Linking Lives in Ethnically Diverse Families: The Interconnectedness of Home Leaving and Retirement Transitions. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 93:986-1011. [PMID: 32757618 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020943318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from a sociocultural life course perspective, this study examines the linkages between two age-related family transitions: young adult children leaving home and parental retirement. A sample of 580 ethnically diverse parents aged 50+ with at least one adult child aged 19-35 living in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, was used in this study based on four cultural groups: British-, Chinese-, Persian/Iranian-, or South Asian-Canadian. Separate survival analyses are used to predict the timing of, and associations between children's leaving home and parents' retirement. Later timing of adult children's leaving home is associated with delays in retirement of parents and is influenced by a number of predictors. Main and interaction effects were supported for ethnicity, where belonging to the Persian/Iranian ethnic group (compared to British) delays home leaving, and belonging to Persian/Iranian and South Asian ethnic groups (compared to British) delays retirement timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Mitchell
- 1763 Department of Sociology/Anthropology & Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew V Wister
- 125118 Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Grace Li
- 8205 Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Zheng Wu
- 125118 Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mitchell HR, Kim Y, Carver CS, Llabre MM, Ting A, Mendez AJ. Roles of age and sources of cancer caregiving stress in self-reported health and neuroendocrine biomarkers. Psychol Health 2020; 36:952-966. [PMID: 32744869 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent to which age and specific sources of caregiving stress are associated with cancer caregivers' health. Methods: New colorectal cancer caregivers (n = 88; age M = 49) reported caregiving stress (i.e., disrupted schedule, lacking family support, financial strain) and mental and physical health, and collected saliva samples assayed for neuroendocrine biomarkers (cortisol and α-amylase). Results: Disrupted daily schedule due to caregiving was associated with poorer self-reported mental health across all ages (B= -4.19, 95% CI: -6.59--1.80, p <.01), and associated with dysregulated cortisol patterns among older caregivers, but with more regulated cortisol patterns among younger caregivers, ps ≤ .01. Across all ages, lacking family support was associated with poorer self-reported physical health (B= -2.13, 95% CI: -4.33--0.07, p <.05), but more regulated α-amylase patterns (B = 2.51, 95% CI: 0.83-4.19, p <.01). Financial strain related to regulated cortisol levels only among older caregivers (B = 5.07, 95% CI: 0.58-9.57, p = .03) and more regulated α-amylase patterns across all ages (B= -25.81, 95% CI: -48.72--2.90, p <.05). Conclusion: Findings suggest that specific sources of caregiver stress manifest in health outcomes distinctly by age, and support the need for targeted psychosocial interventions for cancer caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Maria M Llabre
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Amanda Ting
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Mao W, Silverstein M, Prindle JJ, Chi I. The Reciprocal Relationship between Instrumental Support from Children and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults over Time in Rural China. J Aging Health 2020; 32:1528-1537. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264320943759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the dynamic interplay between instrumental support from children and self-rated health (SRH) among older adults over time in rural China. Methods: Data came from a regional representative, longitudinal study The Well-Being of Older People in Anhui Province collected in 2001, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. At baseline, 1636 respondents reported having at least one child. Bivariate latent change score modeling was conducted, and sequential model comparison was used to assess the directionality of the reciprocal association. Results: Older adults who received higher levels of help with household chores from children tended to experience improvement in subsequent SRH, irrespective of gender. There is no evidence to support the influence of SRH on subsequent changes in instrumental support. Discussion: This study sheds light on the sequence of changes between support and health processes using population-based data within a specific sociocultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iris Chi
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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45
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Bay AA, Prizer L, Orusa A, Hart AR, Perkins MM, Hackney ME. Effects of a Health Education and Research Participation Enhancement Program on Participation and Autonomy in Diverse Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2020; 6:2333721420924952. [PMID: 32587881 PMCID: PMC7294373 DOI: 10.1177/2333721420924952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social engagement and autonomy are vital for life satisfaction among older adults. We measured multiple domains of social participation and autonomy in 120 adults over age 55 years that were part of an educational program at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed for differences between Black and White participants. White participants reported worse engagement in the family role domain and a lower Total Participation Score at posttest than pretest; however, scores returned to baseline levels by follow-up. Black participants reported better levels of participation in the social relationship domain at follow-up than at pretest. We found no evidence of qualitative differences between racial groups. Barriers to social participation and autonomy included challenges related to health, ageism, transportation, and mobility. Adequate housing, social support, socialization, and perception of individual utility contributed to feeling independent. Educational programs for older adults may provide an opportunity for increased social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Bay
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay Prizer
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahauve Orusa
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ariel R Hart
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Molly M Perkins
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Madeleine E Hackney
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Development is a cumulative, lifelong process, but strikingly little is known about development in midlife. As a consequence, many misconceptions exist about the nature of midlife and the developmental milestones and challenges faced by middle-aged adults. We first review dominant views and empirical research that has debunked false narratives. Next, we discuss major opportunities and challenges of midlife. This includes the unique constellation of roles and life transitions that are distinct from earlier and later life phases as well as shifting trends in mental and physical health and in family composition. We additionally highlight the importance of (historical shifts in) intergenerational dynamics of middle-aged adults with their aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren; financial vulnerabilities that emerge and often accrue from economic failures and labor market volatility; the shrinking social and health care safety net; and the rising costs of raising children. In doing so, we discuss issues of diversity and note similarities and differences in midlife experiences across race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. We consider midlife as a pivotal period that includes a focus on balancing gains and losses, linking earlier and later life periods, and bridging generations. Finally, we propose possibilities for promoting reversibility and resilience with interventions and policy changes. The suggested agenda for future research promises to reconceptualize midlife as a key period of life, with a concerted effort to focus on the diversity of midlife experiences in order to meet the unprecedented challenges and opportunities in the 2020s and beyond. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
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47
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Lee JE, Kim K, Cichy KE, Fingerman KL. Middle-Aged Children's Support for Parents-In-Law and Marital Satisfaction. Gerontology 2020; 66:340-350. [PMID: 32241016 PMCID: PMC10871550 DOI: 10.1159/000505589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dissimilarity in midlife adults' reports of support they and their spouse provide to their parents-in-law, gender differences in these dissimilarity patterns, and implications of this dissimilarity for marital quality. Middle-aged married participants (n = 164, mean age = 53.96 years) from Wave 2 of the Family Exchanges Study reported on the support they and their spouse provided to at least 1 living parent-in-law. Regression models examined associations of marital satisfaction with support for parents-in-law, evaluations of support for parents-in-law, and spousal dissimilarity in support. Gender differences in own and spousal support for parents-in-law revealed matrilineal focused support among married adults. Spousal dissimilarity in support was negatively associated with marital satisfaction for middle-aged adults. This pattern suggests the importance of a perceived balance in supporting one's spouse's parents for marital quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA,
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly E Cichy
- School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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48
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Zelalem A, Gebremariam Kotecho M, Adamek ME. "The Ugly Face of Old Age": Elders' Unmet Expectations for Care and Support in Rural Ethiopia. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 92:215-239. [PMID: 32223564 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020911900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As migration, urbanization, and aging accelerate in developing nations, traditional family supports for elders are diminishing. With these trends in mind, hermeneutic phenomenology was used to examine the experiences of 10 rural Ethiopian elders of age 70 and older. Narrative data from in-depth interviews revealed three prominent themes: the "good old days," drained happiness, worry and pessimism. Elders felt devalued by their children, grandchildren, and youth in general. Compared to how they treated their own parents, elders believed that their children's sense of filial obligation was weak and unreliable. Interactions were described as undermining, embarrassing, and abusive. Elders were pessimistic about the prospect of reliable caregivers, even expressing a wish to die before they become dependent on others for care. Despite such challenges, participants viewed aging as a privilege. New cooperative models of community-based care are needed to ensure that elders in developing nations can expect adequate care throughout their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Messay Gebremariam Kotecho
- 37602 School of Social Work, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.,Department of Social Work, University of Johannesburg University, SA
| | - Margaret E Adamek
- 10668 School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Huo M, Napolitano L, Furstenberg FF, Fingerman KL. Who Initiates the Help Older Parents Give to Midlife Children. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:907-918. [PMID: 31412361 PMCID: PMC8205638 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older parents continue to help children after these children have been adults for decades. We utilize a typology approach to assess who initiates the help. We ask whether profiles of help initiation are associated with how often older parents help and how they evaluate their helping behaviors. METHODS Older parents (N = 241; Mage = 80.12) indicated the extent to which they volunteered to help children and helped per child's request. Parents reported their resources and obligation to help, child problems, frequency, and evaluation (rewards/stresses) of helping. RESULTS Latent profile analysis reveals four profiles representing parents who are initiators (n = 65), responders (n = 56), initiators/responders (n = 50), and uninvolved (n = 69). Resources, needs, and individual beliefs differentiate profiles. Parents offer the same amount of help regardless of who initiates such help. Parents who are initiators/responders view helping as more rewarding than parents who are initiators and more stressful than uninvolved parents. DISCUSSION This study reveals variation in the initiation of older parents' help and refines our understanding of family help in late life. Findings may suggest a parental expectation for children to be competent in adulthood regardless of their resources and willingness to help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Laura Napolitano
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
| | | | - Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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50
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Choi SWE. Grandparenting and Mortality: How Does Race-Ethnicity Matter? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 61:96-112. [PMID: 32054335 DOI: 10.1177/0022146520903282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about whether and how intergenerational relationships influence older adult mortality. This study examines the association between caring for grandchildren (i.e., grandparenting) and mortality and how the link differs by race-ethnicity. Drawing from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014, N = 13,705), I found different racial-ethnic patterns in the effects of grandparenting on mortality risk. White grandparents who provide intensive noncoresident grandparenting (i.e., over 500 hours of babysitting per two years) and multigenerational household grandparenting have a lower risk of mortality compared to noncaregiving grandparents. In contrast, black grandparents have a higher mortality risk than their noncaregiving counterparts when providing intensive noncoresident, multigenerational household, and skipped-generation household (i.e., grandparent-headed family) grandparenting. Caregiving Hispanic grandparents are not significantly different from their noncaregiving counterparts in mortality risk. These findings suggest that important variations in social and cultural contexts for racial-ethnic groups shape the consequences of grandparenting for older adult mortality.
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