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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Li B, Liang J, Chen Y, Tang B, Yu S, Wang H. KDM5B promotes SMAD4 loss-driven drug resistance through activating DLG1/YAP to induce lipid accumulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:252. [PMID: 38789418 PMCID: PMC11126577 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 4 significantly affects cancer development in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the contribution of smad4 loss to drug resistance in PDAC is largely undetermined. In the present study, we reported that the loss of SMAD4 endows PDAC cells the ability to drug resistance through upregulating histone lysine demethylase, Lysine-Specific Demethylase 5B (KDM5B, also known as JARID1B or PLU1). Upregulated KDM5B was found in PDAC, associated with poor prognosis and recurrence of PDAC patients. Upregulated KDM5B promotes PDAC tumor malignancy, i.e. cancer cells stemness and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo, while KDM5B knockout exerts opposite effects. Mechanistically, loss of Smad4-mediated upregulation of KDM5B promotes drug resistance through inhibiting the discs-large homolog 1 (DLG1), thereby facilitating nuclear translocation of YAP to induce de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, m6A demethylase FTO is involved in the upregulation of KDM5B by maintaining KDM5B mRNA stability. Collectively, the present study suggested FTO-mediated KDM5B stabilization in the context of loss of Smad4 activate DLG1/YAP1 pathway to promote tumorigenesis by reprogramming lipid accumulation in PDAC. Our study confirmed that the KDM5B-DLG1-YAP1 pathway axis plays a crucial role in the genesis and progression of PDAC, and KDM5B was expected to become a target for the treatment of PDAC. The schematic diagram of KDM5B-DLG1-YAP pathway axis in regulating drug resistance of PDAC to gemcitabine (GEM). In the context of SMAD4 loss PDAC cells, FTO-mediated stabilization and upregulation of KDM5B promotes drug resistance through directly targeting DLG1 to promote YAP1 translocation to nucleus to induce de novo lipogenesis (DNL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Pharmaceutical College Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shiqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research & Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Baibei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
- Pharmaceutical College Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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Göttig L, Schreiner S. E4orf1: The triple agent of adenovirus - Unraveling its roles in oncogenesis, infectious obesity and immune responses in virus replication and vector therapy. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200277. [PMID: 38428735 PMCID: PMC10937242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous sub-types that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating cellular pathways such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Ras, the immune response and further HAdV replication stages than previously anticipated. In this review, we aim to explore the structure, molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of E4orf1, shedding light on its potentially multifaceted roles during HAdV infection, including metabolic diseases and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of functional E4orf1 in biotechnological applications such as Adenovirus (AdV) vaccine vectors and oncolytic AdV. By dissecting the intricate relationships between HAdV types and E4orf1 proteins, this review provides valuable insights into viral pathogenesis and points to promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu Z, Fu S, He X, Liu X, Shi C, Dai L, Wang B, Chai Y, Liu Y, Zhang W. Estimates of Genomic Heritability and the Marker-Derived Gene for Re(Production) Traits in Xinggao Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030579. [PMID: 36980850 PMCID: PMC10048694 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xinggao sheep are a breed of Chinese domestic sheep that are adapted to the extremely cold climatic features of the Hinggan League in China. The economically vital reproductive trait of ewes (litter size, LS) and productive traits of lambs (birth weight, BWT; weaning weight, WWT; and average daily gain, ADG) are expressed in females and later in life after most of the selection decisions have been made. This study estimated the genetic parameters for four traits to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation, and we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) tests on a small sample size to identify novel marker trait associations (MTAs) associated with prolificacy and growth. We detected two suggestive significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with LS and eight significant SNPs for BWT, WWT, and ADG. These candidate loci and genes also provide valuable information for further fine-mapping of QTLs and improvement of reproductive and productive traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixia Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shaoyin Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- College of Agronomy, Animal Husbandry and Bioengineering, Xing’an Vocational and Technical College, Ulanhot 137400, China
| | - Caixia Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lingli Dai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, China
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yuan Chai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Genomic Big Data for Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Z.)
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Dizanzo MP, Bugnon Valdano M, Basukala O, Banks L, Gardiol D. Novel effect of the high risk-HPV E7 CKII phospho-acceptor site on polarity protein expression. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1015. [PMID: 36153517 PMCID: PMC9509620 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) base their transforming potential on the action of both E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins, which perform cooperative or antagonistic actions and thus interfere with a variety of relevant cellular targets. Among them, the expression of some PDZ-containing polarity proteins, as DLG1 and hScrib, is altered during the HPV life cycle and the consequent malignant transformation. Together with the well-established interference of E6 with PDZ proteins, we have recently shown that E7 viral oncoprotein is also responsible for the changes in abundance and localization of DLG1 observed in HPV-associated lesions. Given that the mechanisms involved remained only partially understood, we here thoroughly analyse the contribution of a crucial E7 post-translational modification: its CKII-dependent phosphorylation. Moreover, we extended our studies to hScrib, in order to investigate possible conserved regulatory events among diverse PDZ targets of HPV. Methods We have acutely analysed the expression of DLG1 and hScrib in restrictive conditions for E7 phosphorylation by CKII in epithelial culture cells by western blot and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We made use of genome-edited HPV-positive cells, specific inhibitors of CKII activity and transient expression of the viral oncoproteins, including a mutant version of E7. Results We here demonstrate that the functional phosphorylation of E7 oncoprotein by the CKII cellular kinase, a key regulatory event for its activities, is also crucial to counteract the E6-mediated degradation of the PDZ-polarity protein DLG1 and to promote its subcellular redistribution. Moreover, we show that the CKII-dependent phosphorylation of E7 is able to control the expression of another PDZ target of HPV: hScrib. Remarkably, we found this is a shared feature among different oncogenic HPV types, suggesting a common path towards viral pathogenesis. Conclusions The present study sheds light into the mechanisms behind the misexpression of PDZ-polarity proteins during HPV infections. Our findings stress the relevance of the CKII-mediated regulation of E7 activities, providing novel insights into the joint action of HPV oncoproteins and further indicating a conserved and most likely crucial mechanism during the viral life cycle and the associated transformation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10105-5.
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Kundu S, Nandhu MS, Longo SL, Longo JA, Rai S, Chin LS, Richardson TE, Viapiano MS. The scaffolding protein DLG5 promotes glioblastoma growth by controlling Sonic Hedgehog signaling in tumor stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1230-1242. [PMID: 34984467 PMCID: PMC9340653 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor invasion, a hallmark of malignant gliomas, involves reorganization of cell polarity and changes in the expression and distribution of scaffolding proteins associated with polarity complexes. The scaffolding proteins of the DLG family are usually downregulated in invasive tumors and regarded as tumor suppressors. Despite their important role in regulating neurodevelopmental signaling, the expression and functions of DLG proteins have remained almost entirely unexplored in malignant gliomas. METHODS Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and analysis of gene expression were used to quantify DLG members in glioma specimens and cancer datasets. Over-expression and knockdown of DLG5, the highest-expressed DLG member in glioblastoma, were used to investigate its effects on tumor stem cells and tumor growth. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and co-precipitation assays were used to investigate DLG5 signaling mechanisms. RESULTS DLG5 was upregulated in malignant gliomas compared to other solid tumors, being the predominant DLG member in all glioblastoma molecular subtypes. DLG5 promoted glioblastoma stem cell invasion, viability, and self-renewal. Knockdown of this protein in vivo disrupted tumor formation and extended survival. At the molecular level, DLG5 regulated Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling, making DLG5-deficient cells insensitive to Shh ligand. Loss of DLG5 increased the proteasomal degradation of Gli1, underlying the loss of Shh signaling and tumor stem cell sensitization. CONCLUSIONS The high expression and pro-tumoral functions of DLG5 in glioblastoma, including its dominant regulation of Shh signaling in tumor stem cells, reveal a novel role for this protein that is strikingly different from its proposed tumor-suppressor role in other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanath Kundu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mohan S Nandhu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L Longo
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - John A Longo
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Shawn Rai
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence S Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mariano S Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Ghosh S. Breaking the DLG shackles in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1243-1245. [PMID: 35403688 PMCID: PMC9340648 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
Neurexin-3 is primarily localized in the presynaptic membrane and forms complexes with various ligands located in the postsynaptic membrane. Neurexin-3 has important roles in synapse development and synapse functions. Neurexin-3 mediates excitatory presynaptic differentiation by interacting with leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins. Meanwhile, neurexin-3 modulates the expression of presynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors by interacting with neuroligins at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Numerous studies have documented the potential contribution of neurexin-3 to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, addiction behaviors, and other diseases, which raises hopes that understanding the mechanisms of neurexin-3 may hold the key to developing new strategies for related illnesses. This review comprehensively covers the literature to provide current knowledge of the structure, function, and clinical role of neurexin-3.
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Koshino A, Nagano A, Ota A, Hyodo T, Ueki A, Komura M, Sugimura-Nagata A, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Kasai K, Hosokawa Y, Kasugai K, Takahashi S, Inaguma S. PBK Enhances Cellular Proliferation With Histone H3 Phosphorylation and Suppresses Migration and Invasion With CDH1 Stabilization in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772926. [PMID: 35115926 PMCID: PMC8804381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies with high morbidity and mortality rates. Several biological markers for the prognostication of patient outcome of CRCs are available. Recently, our group identified two favorable factors for the survival of CRC patients: PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and phospho-histone H3 (PHH3). Both showed a significant inverse association to pT stage. The aim of this study was to uncover the mechanism through which these cellular proliferation–associated protein expressions lead to favorable clinical outcome in CRC patients. We first confirmed co-expression of PBK and PHH3 in CRC cells. Further investigation showed that aberrantly expressed PBK up-regulated the cellular proliferation of CRC cells with accumulation of PHH3. The PBK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed cellular proliferation of CRC cells through down-regulation of PHH3 and induction of apoptosis. In vitro studies revealed that PBK suppressed the migration and invasion of CRC cells with suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and CDH1 stabilization. Exogeneous PBK up-regulated the phosphorylated CDH1 at S840, S846, and S847 residues in cultured cells. Recombinant PBK directly phosphorylated HH3; however, it failed to phosphorylate CDH1 directly in vitro. The present study demonstrated the association of two markers PBK and PHH3 in CRC. We further identified one of the potential mechanisms by which higher expression of these cellular proliferation–associated proteins leads to the better survival of CRC patients, which likely involves PBK-mediated suppression of the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that PBK-targeting therapeutics may be useful for the treatment of CRC patients with PBK-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Aya Nagano
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akane Ueki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Sugimura-Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Inaguma,
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Machado DA, Ontiveros AE, Behringer RR. Mammalian uterine morphogenesis and variations. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:51-77. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nardella C, Visconti L, Malagrinò F, Pagano L, Bufano M, Nalli M, Coluccia A, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Gianni S, Toto A. Targeting PDZ domains as potential treatment for viral infections, neurodegeneration and cancer. Biol Direct 2021; 16:15. [PMID: 34641953 PMCID: PMC8506081 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between proteins is a fundamental event for cellular life that is generally mediated by specialized protein domains or modules. PDZ domains are the largest class of protein-protein interaction modules, involved in several cellular pathways such as signal transduction, cell-cell junctions, cell polarity and adhesion, and protein trafficking. Because of that, dysregulation of PDZ domain function often causes the onset of pathologies, thus making this family of domains an interesting pharmaceutical target. In this review article we provide an overview of the structural and functional features of PDZ domains and their involvement in the cellular and molecular pathways at the basis of different human pathologies. We also discuss some of the strategies that have been developed with the final goal to hijack or inhibit the interaction of PDZ domains with their ligands. Because of the generally low binding selectivity of PDZ domain and the scarce efficiency of small molecules in inhibiting PDZ binding, this task resulted particularly difficult to pursue and still demands increasing experimental efforts in order to become completely feasible and successful in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Bufano
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Tessier TM, Dodge MJ, MacNeil KM, Evans AM, Prusinkiewicz MA, Mymryk JS. Almost famous: Human adenoviruses (and what they have taught us about cancer). Tumour Virus Res 2021; 12:200225. [PMID: 34500123 PMCID: PMC8449131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses and adenoviruses are collectively categorized as the small DNA tumour viruses. Notably, human adenoviruses were the first human viruses demonstrated to be able to cause cancer, albeit in non-human animal models. Despite their long history, no human adenovirus is a known causative agent of human cancers, unlike a subset of their more famous cousins, including human papillomaviruses and human Merkel cell polyomavirus. Nevertheless, seminal research using human adenoviruses has been highly informative in understanding the basics of cell cycle control, gene expression, apoptosis and cell differentiation. This review highlights the contributions of human adenovirus research in advancing our knowledge of the molecular basis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mackenzie J Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andris M Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A Prusinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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12
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Leiva S, Dizanzo MP, Fabbri C, Bugnon Valdano M, Luppo V, Levis S, Cavatorta AL, Morales MA, Gardiol D. Application of quantitative immunofluorescence assays to analyze the expression of cell contact proteins during Zika virus infections. Virus Res 2021; 304:198544. [PMID: 34400226 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Flavivirus (FV) genus. In the last years, several unique characteristics of ZIKV among FV have been revealed, as the multiple routes of transmission and its ability to reach different human tissues, including the central nervous system. Thus, one of the most intriguing features of ZIKV biology is its ability to cross diverse complex biological barriers. The main aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the still unclear mechanisms behind this viral activity. We investigated an African strain and two South American ZIKV isolates belonging to the Asian lineage, in order to characterize possible differences regarding their ability to disturb intercellular junctions. The Asian isolates correspond to an imported (Venezuelan) and an autochthonous (Argentinian) ZIKV strain for which there is still no data available. We focused on occludin and DLG1 expression as markers of tight and adherent junctions, respectively. For this, we applied a quantitative immunofluorescence assay that can ascertain alterations in the cell junction proteins expression in the infected cells. Our findings indicated that the different ZIKV strains were able to reduce the levels of both polarity proteins without altering their overall cell distribution. Moreover, the grade of this effect was strain-dependent, being the DLG1 reduction higher for the African and Asian Venezuelan isolates and, on the contrary, occludin down-regulation was more noticeable for the Argentinian strain. Interestingly, among both junction proteins the viral infection caused a relative larger reduction in DLG1 expression for all viruses, suggesting DLG1 may be of particular relevance for ZIKV infections. Taken together, this study contributes to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in ZIKV cytopathogenesis, with a special focus on regional isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Leiva
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Paula Dizanzo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Fabbri
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Victoria Luppo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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13
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Wan B, Belghazi M, Lemauf S, Poirié M, Gatti JL. Proteomics of purified lamellocytes from Drosophila melanogaster HopT um-l identifies new membrane proteins and networks involved in their functions. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 134:103584. [PMID: 34033897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In healthy Drosophila melanogaster larvae, plasmatocytes and crystal cells account for 95% and 5% of the hemocytes, respectively. A third type of hemocytes, lamellocytes, are rare, but their number increases after oviposition by parasitoid wasps. The lamellocytes form successive layers around the parasitoid egg, leading to its encapsulation and melanization, and finally the death of this intruder. However, the total number of lamellocytes per larva remains quite low even after parasitoid infestation, making direct biochemical studies difficult. Here, we used the HopTum-l mutant strain that constitutively produces large numbers of lamellocytes to set up a purification method and analyzed their major proteins by 2D gel electrophoresis and their plasma membrane surface proteins by 1D SDS-PAGE after affinity purification. Mass spectrometry identified 430 proteins from 2D spots and 344 affinity-purified proteins from 1D bands, for a total of 639 unique proteins. Known lamellocyte markers such as PPO3 and the myospheroid integrin were among the components identified with specific chaperone proteins. Affinity purification detected other integrins, as well as a wide range of integrin-associated proteins involved in the formation and function of cell-cell junctions. Overall, the newly identified proteins indicate that these cells are highly adapted to the encapsulation process (recognition, motility, adhesion, signaling), but may also have several other physiological functions (such as secretion and internalization of vesicles) under different signaling pathways. These results provide the basis for further in vivo and in vitro studies of lamellocytes, including the development of new markers to identify coexisting populations and their respective origins and functions in Drosophila immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wan
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), UMR7051, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13015, France
| | - Séverine Lemauf
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marylène Poirié
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gatti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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14
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Santoliquido BM, Frenquelli M, Contadini C, Bestetti S, Gaviraghi M, Barbieri E, De Antoni A, Albarello L, Amabile A, Gardini A, Lombardo A, Doglioni C, Provero P, Soddu S, Cittaro D, Tonon G. Deletion of a pseudogene within a fragile site triggers the oncogenic expression of the mitotic CCSER1 gene. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202101019. [PMID: 34187875 PMCID: PMC8321653 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic role of common fragile sites (CFS), focal and pervasive gaps in the cancer genome arising from replicative stress, remains controversial. Exploiting the TCGA dataset, we found that in most CFS the genes residing within the associated focal deletions are down-regulated, including proteins involved in tumour immune recognition. In a subset of CFS, however, the residing genes are surprisingly overexpressed. Within the most frequent CFS in this group, FRA4F, which is deleted in up to 18% of cancer cases and harbours the CCSER1 gene, we identified a region which includes an intronic, antisense pseudogene, TMSB4XP8. TMSB4XP8 focal ablation or transcriptional silencing elicits the overexpression of CCSER1, through a cis-acting mechanism. CCSER1 overexpression increases proliferation and triggers centrosome amplifications, multinuclearity, and aberrant mitoses. Accordingly, FRA4F is associated in patient samples to mitotic genes deregulation and genomic instability. As a result, cells overexpressing CCSER1 become sensitive to the treatment with aurora kinase inhibitors. Our findings point to a novel tumourigenic mechanism where focal deletions increase the expression of a new class of "dormant" oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta M Santoliquido
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Frenquelli
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Contadini
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bestetti
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gaviraghi
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- The Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna De Antoni
- DNA Metabolism Laboratory, IFOM-The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Albarello
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Amabile
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gardini
- The Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy .,Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Mysh M, Poulton JS. The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1409-1424. [PMID: 33795424 PMCID: PMC8259641 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte slit diaphragms (SDs) are intercellular junctions that function as size-selective filters, excluding most proteins from urine. Abnormalities in SDs cause proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Podocytes exhibit apicobasal polarity, which can affect fundamental aspects of cell biology, including morphology, intercellular junction formation, and asymmetric protein distribution along the plasma membrane. Apical polarity protein mutations cause nephrotic syndrome, and data suggest apical polarity proteins regulate SD formation. However, there is no evidence that basolateral polarity proteins regulate SDs. Thus, the role of apicobasal polarity in podocytes remains unclear. METHODS Genetic manipulations and transgenic reporters determined the effects of disrupting apicobasal polarity proteins in Drosophila nephrocytes, which have SDs similar to those of mammalian podocytes. Confocal and electron microscopy were used to characterize SD integrity after loss of basolateral polarity proteins, and genetic-interaction studies illuminated relationships among apicobasal polarity proteins. RESULTS The study identified four novel regulators of nephrocyte SDs: Dlg, Lgl, Scrib, and Par-1. These proteins comprise the basolateral polarity module and its effector kinase. The data suggest these proteins work together, with apical polarity proteins, to regulate SDs by promoting normal endocytosis and trafficking of SD proteins. CONCLUSIONS Given the recognized importance of apical polarity proteins and SD protein trafficking in podocytopathies, the findings connecting basolateral polarity proteins to these processes significantly advance our understanding of SD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mysh
- Department of Biology, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John S. Poulton
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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16
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Siaw JT, Javanmardi N, Van den Eynden J, Lind DE, Fransson S, Martinez-Monleon A, Djos A, Sjöberg RM, Östensson M, Carén H, Trøen G, Beiske K, Berbegall AP, Noguera R, Lai WY, Kogner P, Palmer RH, Hallberg B, Martinsson T. 11q Deletion or ALK Activity Curbs DLG2 Expression to Maintain an Undifferentiated State in Neuroblastoma. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108171. [PMID: 32966799 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastomas typically display an undifferentiated or poorly differentiated morphology. It is therefore vital to understand molecular mechanisms that block the differentiation process. We identify an important role for oncogenic ALK-ERK1/2-SP1 signaling in the maintenance of undifferentiated neural crest-derived progenitors through the repression of DLG2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma. DLG2 is expressed in the murine "bridge signature" that represents the transcriptional transition state when neural crest cells or Schwann cell precursors differentiate to chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland. We show that the restoration of DLG2 expression spontaneously drives neuroblastoma cell differentiation, highlighting the importance of DLG2 in this process. These findings are supported by genetic analyses of high-risk 11q deletion neuroblastomas, which identified genetic lesions in the DLG2 gene. Our data also suggest that further exploration of other bridge genes may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of NC-derived progenitors and their contribution to neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Tetteh Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niloufar Javanmardi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dan Emil Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Martinez-Monleon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Sjöberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunhild Trøen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia/CIBER of Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia/CIBER of Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei-Yun Lai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Keane S, Martinsson T, Kogner P, Ejeskär K. The loss of DLG2 isoform 7/8, but not isoform 2, is critical in advanced staged neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:170. [PMID: 33726762 PMCID: PMC7962242 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a childhood neural crest tumor showing large clinical and genetic heterogeneity, one form displaying 11q-deletion is very aggressive. It has been shown that 11q-deletion results in decreased expression of DLG2, a gene residing in the deleted region. DLG2 has a number of different isoforms with the main difference is the presence or absence of a L27 domain. The L27 domain containing DLG proteins can form complexes with CASK/MPP and LIN7 protein family members, which will control cell polarity and signaling. METHODS We evaluated the DLG gene family and the LIN7 gene family for their expression in differently INSS staged neuroblastoma from publically available data and primary tumors, we included two distinct DLG1 and DLG2 N-terminal transcript isoforms encoding L27 domains for their expression. Functionality of DLG2 isoforms and of LIN7A were evaluated in the 11q-deleted neuroblastoma cell line SKNAS. RESULTS In neuroblastoma only two DLG2 isoforms were expressed: isoform 2 and isoform 7/8. Using the array data we could determine that higher expression of DLG members that contain L27 domains correlated to better survival and prognosis. Whilst DLG1 showed a decrease in both isoforms with increased INSS stage, only the full length L27 containing DLG2 transcripts DLG2-isoform 7/8 showed a decrease in expression in high stage neuroblastoma. We could show that the protein encoded by DLG2-isoform 7 could bind to LIN7A, and increased DLG2-isoform 7 gene expression increased the expression of LIN7A, this reduced neuroblastoma cell proliferation and viability, with increased BAX/BCL2 ratio indicating increased apoptosis. CONCLUSION We have provided evidence that gene expression of the L27 domain containing DLG2-isoform 7/8 but not L27 domain lacking DLG2-isoform 2 is disrupted in neuroblastoma, in particular in the aggressive subsets of tumors. The presence of the complete L27 domain allows for the binding to LIN7A, which will control cell polarity and signaling, thus affecting cancer cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keane
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
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18
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Soh TK, Davies CTR, Muenzner J, Hunter LM, Barrow HG, Connor V, Bouton CR, Smith C, Emmott E, Antrobus R, Graham SC, Weekes MP, Crump CM. Temporal Proteomic Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection Reveals Cell-Surface Remodeling via pUL56-Mediated GOPC Degradation. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108235. [PMID: 33027661 PMCID: PMC7539533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are ubiquitous in the human population and they extensively remodel the cellular environment during infection. Multiplexed quantitative proteomic analysis over the time course of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection was used to characterize changes in the host-cell proteome and the kinetics of viral protein production. Several host-cell proteins are targeted for rapid degradation by HSV-1, including the cellular trafficking factor Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein (GOPC). We show that the poorly characterized HSV-1 pUL56 directly binds GOPC, stimulating its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Plasma membrane profiling reveals that pUL56 mediates specific changes to the cell-surface proteome of infected cells, including loss of interleukin-18 (IL18) receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and that cell-surface expression of TLR2 is GOPC dependent. Our study provides significant resources for future investigation of HSV-host interactions and highlights an efficient mechanism whereby a single virus protein targets a cellular trafficking factor to modify the surface of infected cells. Multiplexed proteomic screens reveal regulation of host protein abundance by HSV-1 HSV-1 pUL56 targets host proteins such as GOPC for proteasomal degradation HSV-1-mediated degradation of GOPC remodels the plasma membrane of infected cells GOPC is important for cell-surface expression of immune receptor TLR2 in keratinocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Soh
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Colin T R Davies
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Julia Muenzner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Leah M Hunter
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Henry G Barrow
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Viv Connor
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Clément R Bouton
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Cameron Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Edward Emmott
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen C Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Colin M Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
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19
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Chen FB, Wu P, Zhou R, Yang QX, Zhang X, Wang RR, Qi SC, Yang X. LINC01315 Impairs microRNA-211-Dependent DLG3 Downregulation to Inhibit the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:556084. [PMID: 33117688 PMCID: PMC7549330 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.556084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involve in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These lncRNAs have emerged as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for OSCC. We here aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA LINC01315 in OSCC and the related mechanisms. LINC01315 and DLG3 were determined to be poorly expressed while microRNA-211 (miR-211) was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Based on the results obtained from dual-luciferase reporter gene, RIP, and FISH assays, LINC01315 was found to upregulate DLG3 expression by competitively binding to miR-211. Upon altering the expression of LINC01315, and/or miR-211 in OSCC cells with shRNA, mimic, or an inhibitor, we assessed their effects on OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. LINC01315 knockdown enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but dampened their apoptosis, all of which could be reversed by miR-211 inhibition. Elevation of DLG3, a target gene of miR-211, activated the Hippo signaling pathway, whereby suppressing OSCC progression in vitro. Finally, their roles in tumor growth were validated in vivo. These findings suggest that LINC01315 elevates DLG3 expression by competitively binding to miR-211, thereby suppressing OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Bo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Othorpaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao-Rao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Keane S, Améen S, Lindlöf A, Ejeskär K. Low DLG2 gene expression, a link between 11q-deleted and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, causes forced cell cycle progression, and predicts poor patient survival. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:65. [PMID: 32312269 PMCID: PMC7171851 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood neural crest tumor. There are two groups of aggressive NBs, one with MYCN amplification, and another with 11q chromosomal deletion; these chromosomal aberrations are generally mutually exclusive. The DLG2 gene resides in the 11q-deleted region, thus makes it an interesting NB candidate tumor suppressor gene. Methods We evaluated the association of DLG2 gene expression in NB with patient outcomes, stage and MYCN status, using online microarray data combining independent NB patient data sets. Functional studies were also conducted using NB cell models and the fruit fly. Results Using the array data we concluded that higher DLG2 expression was positively correlated to patient survival. We could also see that expression of DLG2 was inversely correlated with MYCN status and tumor stage. Cell proliferation was lowered in both 11q-normal and 11q-deleted NB cells after DLG2 over expression, and increased in 11q-normal NB cells after DLG2 silencing. Higher level of DLG2 increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase. We detected increased protein levels of Cyclin A and Cyclin B in fruit fly models either over expressing dMyc or with RNAi-silenced dmDLG, indicating that both events resulted in enhanced cell cycling. Induced MYCN expression in NB cells lowered DLG2 gene expression, which was confirmed in the fly; when dMyc was over expressed, the dmDLG protein level was lowered, indicating a link between Myc over expression and low dmDLG level. Conclusion We conclude that low DLG2 expression level forces cell cycle progression, and that it predicts poor NB patient survival. The low DLG2 expression level could be caused by either MYCN-amplification or 11q-deletion. Graphical abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keane
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, SE-54128, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Sophie Améen
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, SE-54128, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindlöf
- Translational Bioinformatics, School of Biosciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, SE-54128, Skövde, Sweden.
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21
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Dizanzo MP, Marziali F, Brunet Avalos C, Bugnon Valdano M, Leiva S, Cavatorta AL, Gardiol D. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperatively alter the expression of Disc Large 1 polarity protein in epithelial cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:293. [PMID: 32264889 PMCID: PMC7137215 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPVs) is associated with the development of cervical cancer. The transforming capacity of these viruses relies on the cooperative action of the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins. Among the oncogenic activities of E6, the interaction and interference with cell polarity PDZ proteins have been well established. One of the most characterized PDZ targets of HPV E6 is human Disc large 1 (DLG1), a scaffolding protein involved in the control of cell polarity and proliferation. Interestingly, in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions, alterations in DLG1 expression were observed in association to tumour progression. Moreover, the expression of both HPV E6 and E7 proteins may be responsible for the changes in DLG1 abundance and cell localization observed in the HPV-associated lesions. Methods Due to the relevance of DLG1 deregulation in tumour development, we have performed an in-depth investigation of the expression of DLG1 in the presence of the HPV oncoproteins in epithelial cultured cells. The effects of HPV E6 and E7 proteins on DLG1 abundance and subcellular localization were assessed by western blot and confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results We demonstrated that the relative abundance of HPV-18 E6 and DLG1 is a key factor that contributes to defining the expression abundance of both proteins. We also show here that a high expression level of DLG1 may negatively affect HPV-18 E6 nuclear expression. Moreover, the co-expression of HPV-18 E6 and E7 produces a striking effect on DLG1 subcellular localization and a co-distribution in the cytoplasmic region. Interestingly, HPV-18 E7 is also able to increase DLG1 levels, likely by rescuing it from the E6-mediated proteasomal degradation. Conclusions In general, the data suggest that HPV-18 E6 and E7 may have opposing activities in regards to the regulation of DLG1 levels and may cooperatively contribute to its subcellular redistribution in the HPV context. These findings constitute a step forward in understanding the differential expression of DLG1 during tumour progression in an HPV-associated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Dizanzo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Federico Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Clarisse Brunet Avalos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marina Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Santiago Leiva
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Marziali F, Dizanzo MP, Cavatorta AL, Gardiol D. Differential expression of DLG1 as a common trait in different human diseases: an encouraging issue in molecular pathology. Biol Chem 2020; 400:699-710. [PMID: 30517074 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human disc large (DLG1) is a scaffolding protein that through the interaction with diverse cell partners participates in the control of key cellular processes such as polarity, proliferation and migration. Experimental data have mainly identified DLG1 as a tumor suppressor. An outstanding point for DLG1 protein is that altered DLG1 expression and DLG1 gene mutations were observed in different pathologies, including cancer and neurological and immunological disorders. Evident changes in DLG1 abundance and/or cell localization were identified in a number of studies suggesting its participation in molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of such illnesses. In this review, we focus on some of the latest findings regarding DLG1 alterations in different diseases as well as its potential use as a biomarker for pathological progression. We further address the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms regulating DLG1 expression and the posttranslational modifications that may affect DLG1 cell localization and functions. Despite the advances in this field, there are still open questions about the precise molecular link between alterations in DLG1 expression and the development of each specific pathology. The complete understanding of this concern will give us new scenarios for the design of promising diagnosis and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Paula Dizanzo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Li H, Chen Q, Shan C, Guo C, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhu J, Ouyang Q. Characterizing the Binding Sites for GK Domain of DLG1 and DLG4 via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:1. [PMID: 32039235 PMCID: PMC6989407 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discs-large (DLG) is a member that belongs to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. The GK domain of DLGs has evolved into a protein–protein interaction module that could bind with kinds of proteins to regulate diverse cellular functions. Previous reports have demonstrated the GK domain of DLGs functioned as a phosphor-peptide-binding module by resolving the crystal structures. Here we investigated into the interactions of DLG1 and DLG4 with their reported phosphor-peptides by molecular dynamics simulations. Post-dynamics analysis showed that DLG1/4 formed extensive interactions with phosphorylated ligands, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Among them, the highly conserved residues among the DLGs in phosphor-site and β5 sheet were crucial for the binding according to the energy decomposition calculations. Additionally, the binding interactions between DLG4 and reported unphosphorylated peptides including MAP1A and designed GK inhibitory (GKI-QSF) peptides were analyzed. We found the key residues that played important roles in DLG4/unphosphorylated peptide systems were very similar as in DLG4/phosphor-peptide systems. Moreover, the molecular dynamic simulation for the complex of DLG1 and GKI-QSF was carried out and predicted that the GKI-QSF could bind with DLG1 with similar Kd value compared to DLG4/GKI-QSF, which was verified by using ITC assay (Kd = 1.20 ± 0.29 μM). Our study might be helpful for the better understanding of the structural and biological function of DLGs GK domain and encourage the discovery of new binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changyu Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunling Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuming Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Verma S, Bakshi D, Sharma V, Sharma I, Shah R, Bhat A, Bhat GR, Sharma B, Wakhloo A, Kaul S, Heer V, Bhat A, Abrol D, Verma V, Kumar R. Genetic variants of DNAH11 and LRFN2 genes and their association with ovarian and breast cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 148:118-122. [PMID: 31605628 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of newly identified genetic variants G>A (rs2285947) of the DNAH11 gene and G>A (rs2494938) of the LRFN2 gene with ovarian and breast cancers in women belonging to Jammu and Kashmir state, where the prevalence of ovarian and breast cancers is remarkably high in the population. METHODS A candidate gene prospective case-control association study design was adopted, in which 354 cases (219 cases of ovarian cancer and 135 cases of breast cancer) were histopathologically confirmed and 330 healthy controls matched for age and ethnicity were recruited. The details of cases and controls were also recorded in a predesigned pro forma after their written informed consent. Both variants were genotyped by TaqMan allele discrimination assay using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the corrected odds ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI), and level of significance (P value) for potential confounding factors. RESULTS The rs2285947 variant of DNAH11 was found to be significantly associated with both ovarian and breast cancers with adjusted ORs of 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4; P=0.004) and 1.70 (95% CI 1.13-2.54; P=0.0009), respectively. However, no significant association of variant rs2494938 of LRFN2 was observed with ovarian cancer (estimated OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.4; P=0.919) or breast cancer (estimated OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.8-1.9; P=0.216). CONCLUSIONS The collected data proposed that the variant rs2285947 of DNAH11 gene is a potential risk factor for ovarian and breast cancers in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Divya Bakshi
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amrita Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ghulam Rasool Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajay Wakhloo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sandeep Kaul
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vikas Heer
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Abrol
- Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vijeshwar Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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25
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Mills J, Hanada T, Hase Y, Liscum L, Chishti AH. LDL receptor related protein 1 requires the I 3 domain of discs-large homolog 1/DLG1 for interaction with the kinesin motor protein KIF13B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118552. [PMID: 31487503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
KIF13B, a kinesin-3 family motor, was originally identified as GAKIN due to its biochemical interaction with human homolog of Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor (hDLG1). Unlike its homolog KIF13A, KIF13B contains a carboxyl-terminal CAP-Gly domain. To investigate the function of the CAP-Gly domain, we developed a mouse model that expresses a truncated form of KIF13B protein lacking its CAP-Gly domain (KIF13BΔCG), whereas a second mouse model lacks the full-length KIF13A. Here we show that the KIF13BΔCG mice exhibit relatively higher serum cholesterol consistent with the reduced uptake of [3H]CO-LDL in KIF13BΔCG mouse embryo fibroblasts. The plasma level of factor VIII was not significantly elevated in the KIF13BΔCG mice, suggesting that the CAP-Gly domain region of KIF13B selectively regulates LRP1-mediated lipoprotein endocytosis. No elevation of either serum cholesterol or plasma factor VIII was observed in the full length KIF13A null mouse model. The deletion of the CAP-Gly domain region caused subcellular mislocalization of truncated KIF13B concomitant with the mislocalization of LRP1. Mechanistically, the cytoplasmic domain of LRP1 interacts specifically with the alternatively spliced I3 domain of DLG1, which complexes with KIF13B via their GUK-MBS domains, respectively. Importantly, double mutant mice generated by crossing KIF13A null and KIF13BΔCG mice suffer from perinatal lethality showing potential craniofacial defects. Together, this study provides first evidence that the carboxyl-terminal region of KIF13B containing the CAP-Gly domain is important for the LRP1-DLG1-KIF13B complex formation with implications in the regulation of metabolism, cell polarity, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joslyn Mills
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshihiko Hanada
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoichi Hase
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Liscum
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athar H Chishti
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Porter AP, White GRM, Mack NA, Malliri A. The interaction between CASK and the tumour suppressor Dlg1 regulates mitotic spindle orientation in mammalian epithelia. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs230086. [PMID: 31289196 PMCID: PMC6679578 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oriented cell divisions are important for the formation of normal epithelial structures. Dlg1, a tumour suppressor, is required for mitotic spindle orientation in Drosophila epithelia and chick neuroepithelia, but how Dlg1 is localised to the membrane and its importance in mammalian epithelia are unknown. We show that Dlg1 is required in non-transformed mammalian epithelial cells for oriented cell divisions and normal lumen formation. We demonstrate that the MAGUK protein CASK, a membrane-associated scaffold, is the factor responsible for Dlg1 membrane localisation during spindle orientation, thereby identifying a new cellular function for CASK. Depletion of CASK leads to misoriented divisions in 3D, and to the formation of multilumen structures in cultured kidney and breast epithelial cells. Blocking the CASK-Dlg1 interaction with an interfering peptide, or by deletion of the CASK-interaction domain of Dlg1, disrupts spindle orientation and causes multilumen formation. We show that the CASK-Dlg1 interaction is important for localisation of the canonical LGN-NuMA complex known to be required for spindle orientation. These results establish the importance of the CASK-Dlg1 interaction in oriented cell division and epithelial integrity.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Porter
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Gavin R M White
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Natalie A Mack
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
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Christensen NR, Čalyševa J, Fernandes EFA, Lüchow S, Clemmensen LS, Haugaard‐Kedström LM, Strømgaard K. PDZ Domains as Drug Targets. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2:1800143. [PMID: 32313833 PMCID: PMC7161847 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions within protein networks shape the human interactome, which often is promoted by specialized protein interaction modules, such as the postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), discs-large, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) (PDZ) domains. PDZ domains play a role in several cellular functions, from cell-cell communication and polarization, to regulation of protein transport and protein metabolism. PDZ domain proteins are also crucial in the formation and stability of protein complexes, establishing an important bridge between extracellular stimuli detected by transmembrane receptors and intracellular responses. PDZ domains have been suggested as promising drug targets in several diseases, ranging from neurological and oncological disorders to viral infections. In this review, the authors describe structural and genetic aspects of PDZ-containing proteins and discuss the current status of the development of small-molecule and peptide modulators of PDZ domains. An overview of potential new therapeutic interventions in PDZ-mediated protein networks is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj R. Christensen
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jelena Čalyševa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)Structural and Computational Biology UnitMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
- EMBL International PhD ProgrammeFaculty of BiosciencesEMBL–Heidelberg UniversityGermany
| | - Eduardo F. A. Fernandes
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Susanne Lüchow
- Department of Chemistry – BMCUppsala UniversityBox 576SE75123UppsalaSweden
| | - Louise S. Clemmensen
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Linda M. Haugaard‐Kedström
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for BiopharmaceuticalsDepartment of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 22100CopenhagenDenmark
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Casas-Tintó S, Ferrús A. Troponin-I mediates the localization of selected apico-basal cell polarity signaling proteins. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225243. [PMID: 30872455 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role in muscle contraction, Drosophila Troponin I (TnI; also known as Wings up A) is expressed in epithelial cells where it controls proliferation. TnI traffics between nucleus and cytoplasm through a sumoylation-dependent mechanism. We address here the role of TnI in the cytoplasm. TnI accumulates apically in epidermal cells and neuroblasts. TnI co-immunoprecipitates with Bazooka (also known as Par3) and Discs large (Dlg1, hereafter Dlg), two apico-basal polarity components. TnI depletion causes Baz and Dlg mislocalization; by contrast, the basolateral localization of Scribbled is not altered. In neuroblasts, TnI contributes to the polar localization of Miranda, while non-polar Dlg localization is not affected. Vertebrate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) contributes to the apico-basal polarity of epithelia, but we find that Drosophila PI3K depletion alters neither the apical localization of TnI or Bazooka, nor the basal localization of Dlg. Nevertheless, overexpressing PI3K prevents the defects seen upon TnI depletion. TnI loss-of-function disrupts cytoskeletal β-Catenin, E-Cadherin and γ-Tubulin, and causes an increase in DNA damage, as revealed by analyzing γH2Av. We have previously shown that TnI depletion leads to apoptosis that can be suppressed by upregulating Sparc or downregulating Dronc. However, TnI-depleted cells expressing Sparc or downregulating Dronc, as well as those expressing p35 (also known as Cdk5α), that do not undergo apoptosis, still show DNA damage. This indicates that DNA damage is mechanistically independent of apoptosis induction. Thus, TnI binds certain apico-basal polarity signaling proteins in a cell type-dependent context, and this unveils a previously unsuspected diversity of mechanisms to allocate cell polarity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, C.S.I.C., Ave. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Alberto Ferrús
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, C.S.I.C., Ave. Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
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Discs large 1 controls daughter-cell polarity after cytokinesis in vertebrate morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10859-E10868. [PMID: 30377270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713959115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate embryogenesis and organogenesis are driven by cell biological processes, ranging from mitosis and migration to changes in cell size and polarity, but their control and causal relationships are not fully defined. Here, we use the developing limb skeleton to better define the relationships between mitosis and cell polarity. We combine protein-tagging and -perturbation reagents with advanced in vivo imaging to assess the role of Discs large 1 (Dlg1), a membrane-associated scaffolding protein, in mediating the spatiotemporal relationship between cytokinesis and cell polarity. Our results reveal that Dlg1 is enriched at the midbody during cytokinesis and that its multimerization is essential for the normal polarity of daughter cells. Defects in this process alter tissue dimensions without impacting other cellular processes. Our results extend the conventional view that division orientation is established at metaphase and anaphase and suggest that multiple mechanisms act at distinct phases of the cell cycle to transmit cell polarity. The approach employed can be used in other systems, as it offers a robust means to follow and to eliminate protein function and extends the Phasor approach for studying in vivo protein interactions by frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) to organotypic explant culture.
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Papillomaviruses and Endocytic Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092619. [PMID: 30181457 PMCID: PMC6163501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking plays a major role in transport of incoming human papillomavirus (HPVs) from plasma membrane to the trans Golgi network (TGN) and ultimately into the nucleus. During this infectious entry, several cellular sorting factors are recruited by the viral capsid protein L2, which plays a critical role in ensuring successful transport of the L2/viral DNA complex to the nucleus. Later in the infection cycle, two viral oncoproteins, E5 and E6, have also been shown to modulate different aspects of endocytic transport pathways. In this review, we highlight how HPV makes use of and perturbs normal endocytic transport pathways, firstly to achieve infectious virus entry, secondly to produce productive infection and the completion of the viral life cycle and, finally, on rare occasions, to bring about the development of malignancy.
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Mellby LD, Nyberg AP, Johansen JS, Wingren C, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE, Mitchell BL, Sheppard BC, Sears RC, Borrebaeck CAK. Serum Biomarker Signature-Based Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2887-2894. [PMID: 30106639 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.77.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of < 10% because of diffuse symptoms leading to late-stage diagnosis. That survival could increase significantly if localized tumors could be detected early. Therefore, we used multiparametric analysis of blood samples to obtain a novel biomarker signature of early-stage PDAC. The signature was derived from a large patient cohort, including patients with well-defined early-stage (I and II) PDAC. This biomarker signature was validated subsequently in an independent patient cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS The biomarker signature was derived from a case-control study, using a Scandinavian cohort, consisting of 16 patients with stage I, 132 patients with stage II, 65 patients with stage III, and 230 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 888 controls. This signature was validated subsequently in an independent case-control cohort in the United States with 15 patients with stage I, 75 patients with stage II, 15 patients with stage III, and 38 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 219 controls. An antibody microarray platform was used to identify the serum biomarker signature associated with early-stage PDAC. RESULTS Using the Scandinavian case-control study, a biomarker signature was created, discriminating samples derived from patients with stage I and II from those from controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. This signature, consisting of 29 biomarkers, was then validated in an independent case-control study in the United States. The biomarker signature could discriminate patients with stage I and II PDAC from controls in this independent patient cohort with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. CONCLUSION This serum biomarker signature might represent a tenable approach to detecting early-stage, localized PDAC if these findings are supported by a prospective validation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Mellby
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Andreas P Nyberg
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Christer Wingren
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Breeana L Mitchell
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Brett C Sheppard
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Carl A K Borrebaeck
- Linda D. Mellby and Andreas P. Nyberg, Immunovia AB; Christer Wingren and Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Julia S. Johansen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Børge G. Nordestgaard and Stig E. Bojesen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Breeana L. Mitchell, Brett C. Sheppard, and Rosalie C. Sears, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Cross-species genomics identifies DLG2 as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. Oncogene 2018; 38:291-298. [PMID: 30093633 PMCID: PMC6756098 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leveraging the conserved cancer genomes across mammals has the potential to transform driver gene discovery in orphan cancers. Here, we combine cross-species genomics with validation across human–dog–mouse systems to uncover a new bone tumor suppressor gene. Comparative genomics of spontaneous human and dog osteosarcomas (OS) expose Disks Large Homolog 2 (DLG2) as a tumor suppressor candidate. DLG2 copy number loss occurs in 42% of human and 56% of canine OS. Functional validation through pertinent human and canine OS DLG2-deficient cell lines identifies a regulatory role of DLG2 in cell division, migration and tumorigenesis. Moreover, osteoblast-specific deletion of Dlg2 in a clinically relevant genetically engineered mouse model leads to acceleration of OS development, establishing DLG2 as a critical determinant of OS. This widely applicable cross-species approach serves as a platform to expedite the search of cancer drivers in rare human malignancies, offering new targets for cancer therapy.
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Maturi V, Enroth S, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Genome-wide binding of transcription factor ZEB1 in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7113-7127. [PMID: 29744893 PMCID: PMC6055758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a transcriptional regulator involved in embryonic development and cancer progression. ZEB1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Triple-negative human breast cancers express high ZEB1 mRNA levels and exhibit features of EMT. In the human triple-negative breast cancer cell model Hs578T, ZEB1 associates with almost 2,000 genes, representing many cellular functions, including cell polarity regulation (DLG2 and FAT3). By introducing a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated 30 bp deletion into the ZEB1 second exon, we observed reduced migratory and anchorage-independent growth capacity of these tumor cells. Transcriptomic analysis of control and ZEB1 knockout cells, revealed 1,372 differentially expressed genes. The TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 and the teneurin transmembrane protein 2 genes showed increased expression upon loss of ZEB1, possibly mediating pro-tumorigenic actions of ZEB1. This work provides a resource for regulators of cancer progression that function under the transcriptional control of ZEB1. The data confirm that removing a single EMT transcription factor, such as ZEB1, is not sufficient for reverting the triple-negative mesenchymal breast cancer cells into more differentiated, epithelial-like clones, but can reduce tumorigenic potential, suggesting that not all pro-tumorigenic actions of ZEB1 are linked to the EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Maturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ali S, Hoven A, Dress RJ, Schaal H, Alferink J, Scheu S. Identification of a novel Dlg2 isoform differentially expressed in IFNβ-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:194. [PMID: 29703139 PMCID: PMC6389146 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The murine discs large homolog 2 (DLG2; post synaptic density 93 (PSD-93); Chapsyn-110) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family involved in receptor assembly and associated with signaling enzymes on cell membranes. In neurons, DLG2 protein isoforms derived from alternatively spliced transcripts have been described to bind to NMDA (N-methyl-aspartate) receptors and K channels and to mediate clustering of these channels in the postsynaptic membrane. In myeloid cells of the immune system, such as dendritic cells (DCs), a lack of data exists on the expression or function of DLG2. In cDNA microarray transcriptome analyses, we found Dlg2 highly expressed in a subpopulation of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) stimulated to produce type I interferons (IFNs) such as IFNβ. Results Using RACE- and RT-PCR as well as immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting we characterised the differential expression of the Dlg2 splice variants in IFNβ-producing pDCs. Besides Dlg2ɣ this cell population expressed a novel short Dlg2η transcript we termed Dlg2η3. Our expression data were integrated into information from genome databases to obtain a novel and comprehensive overview of the mouse Dlg2 gene architecture. To elucidate the intracellular localisation pattern of protein isoforms, ectopical expression analysis of fluorescently tagged DLG2 splice variants was performed. Here we found an enrichment of the larger isoform DLG2α1 at the plasma membrane while the newly identified shorter (DLG2η) isoform as well as DLG2ɣ were equally distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Additionally, DLG2η was also found in the nucleus. Analysis of Dlg2-knockout mice previously generated by deleting exon 9 surprisingly revealed that the protein for the novel DLG2η isoform was still expressed in the brain and in bone marrow-derived pDCs from mice carrying the homozygous deletion (Dlg2ΔE9/ΔE9). Conclusion We describe a novel splice variant of the mouse Dlg2 gene termed Dlg2η and define the differential expression pattern of DLG2 isoforms in IFNβ-producing pDCs. The presence of DLG2η protein in the CNS of Dlg2ΔE9/ΔE9 mice might influence the phenotype of these mice and has to be taken into account in the interpretation of results regarding the functional role of DLG2 in neuronal postsynaptic membranes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4573-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoven
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regine J Dress
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,BMFZ (Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum), Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Mostowska A, Gaczkowska A, Żukowski K, Ludwig K, Hozyasz K, Wójcicki P, Mangold E, Böhmer A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Knapp M, Zadurska M, Biedziak B, Budner M, Lasota A, Daktera-Micker A, Jagodziński P. Common variants inDLG1locus are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Clin Genet 2018; 93:784-793. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - A. Gaczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - K. Żukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - K.U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - K.K. Hozyasz
- Department of Pediatrics; Institute of Mother and Child; Warsaw Poland
| | - P. Wójcicki
- Plastic Surgery Clinic of Medical University in Wroclaw; Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Plastic Surgery in Specialist Medical Center in Polanica Zdroj; Polanica Zdroj Poland
| | - E. Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - A.C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - S. Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - M. Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - M. Zadurska
- Department of Orthodontics; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - B. Biedziak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Division of Facial Malformation; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - M. Budner
- Eastern Poland Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Center; Leczna Poland
| | - A. Lasota
- Department of Jaw Orthopedics; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - A. Daktera-Micker
- Department of Dental Surgery, Division of Facial Malformation; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - P.P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
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Marziali F, Bugnon Valdano M, Brunet Avalos C, Moriena L, Cavatorta AL, Gardiol D. Interference of HTLV-1 Tax Protein with Cell Polarity Regulators: Defining the Subcellular Localization of the Tax-DLG1 Interaction. Viruses 2017; 9:E355. [PMID: 29168728 PMCID: PMC5744130 DOI: 10.3390/v9120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 Tax (Tax) protein is very important in viral replication and cell transformation. Tax localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm in association with organelles. Some activities of Tax depend on interactions with PDZ (PSD-95/Discs Large/Z0-1) domain-containing proteins such as Discs large protein 1 (DLG1) which is involved in cell polarity and proliferation. The DLG1 interaction results in a cytoplasmic co-localization pattern resembling vesicular aggregates, the nature of which is still unknown. To further explore the role of PDZ proteins in HTLV-1 cell transformation, we deeply investigated the Tax-DLG1 association. By fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we detected, for the first time, the direct binding of Tax to DLG1 within the cell. We showed that the interaction specifically affects the cellular distribution of not only DLG1, but also Tax. After studying different cell structures, we demonstrated that the aggregates distribute into the Golgi apparatus in spatial association with the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). This study contributes to understand the biological significance of Tax-PDZ interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Marina Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Clarisse Brunet Avalos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Lucía Moriena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Gref A, Merid SK, Gruzieva O, Ballereau S, Becker A, Bellander T, Bergström A, Bossé Y, Bottai M, Chan-Yeung M, Fuertes E, Ierodiakonou D, Jiang R, Joly S, Jones M, Kobor MS, Korek M, Kozyrskyj AL, Kumar A, Lemonnier N, MacIntyre E, Ménard C, Nickle D, Obeidat M, Pellet J, Standl M, Sääf A, Söderhäll C, Tiesler CMT, van den Berge M, Vonk JM, Vora H, Xu CJ, Antó JM, Auffray C, Brauer M, Bousquet J, Brunekreef B, Gauderman WJ, Heinrich J, Kere J, Koppelman GH, Postma D, Carlsten C, Pershagen G, Melén E. Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis of Air Pollution Exposure and Childhood Asthma with Functional Follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1373-1383. [PMID: 27901618 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201605-1026oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The evidence supporting an association between traffic-related air pollution exposure and incident childhood asthma is inconsistent and may depend on genetic factors. OBJECTIVES To identify gene-environment interaction effects on childhood asthma using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and air pollution exposure. Identified loci were further analyzed at epigenetic and transcriptomic levels. METHODS We used land use regression models to estimate individual air pollution exposure (represented by outdoor NO2 levels) at the birth address and performed a genome-wide interaction study for doctors' diagnoses of asthma up to 8 years in three European birth cohorts (n = 1,534) with look-up for interaction in two separate North American cohorts, CHS (Children's Health Study) and CAPPS/SAGE (Canadian Asthma Primary Prevention Study/Study of Asthma, Genetics and Environment) (n = 1,602 and 186 subjects, respectively). We assessed expression quantitative trait locus effects in human lung specimens and blood, as well as associations among air pollution exposure, methylation, and transcriptomic patterns. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the European cohorts, 186 SNPs had an interaction P < 1 × 10-4 and a look-up evaluation of these disclosed 8 SNPs in 4 loci, with an interaction P < 0.05 in the large CHS study, but not in CAPPS/SAGE. Three SNPs within adenylate cyclase 2 (ADCY2) showed the same direction of the interaction effect and were found to influence ADCY2 gene expression in peripheral blood (P = 4.50 × 10-4). One other SNP with P < 0.05 for interaction in CHS, rs686237, strongly influenced UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc β-1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5 (B4GALT5) expression in lung tissue (P = 1.18 × 10-17). Air pollution exposure was associated with differential discs, large homolog 2 (DLG2) methylation and expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that gene-environment interactions are important for asthma development and provided supportive evidence for interaction with air pollution for ADCY2, B4GALT5, and DLG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gref
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine
| | | | | | - Stéphane Ballereau
- 2 European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Allan Becker
- 3 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tom Bellander
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,4 Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,4 Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yohan Bossé
- 5 Quebec Heart and Lung Institute and.,6 Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Elaine Fuertes
- 9 School of Population and Public Health.,8 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Despo Ierodiakonou
- 10 Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,11 Department of Epidemiology
| | - Ruiwei Jiang
- 12 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, and
| | - Stéphane Joly
- 2 European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Meaghan Jones
- 12 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, and
| | - Michael S Kobor
- 12 Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, and
| | | | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- 13 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashish Kumar
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,14 Department of Public Health Epidemiology, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathanaël Lemonnier
- 2 European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elaina MacIntyre
- 9 School of Population and Public Health.,8 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,15 Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camille Ménard
- 2 European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ma'en Obeidat
- 17 Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Johann Pellet
- 2 European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Standl
- 8 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Cilla Söderhäll
- 18 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition.,19 Center for Innovative Medicine, and.,20 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla M T Tiesler
- 7 Department of Medicine.,21 Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Judith M Vonk
- 11 Department of Epidemiology.,23 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
| | - Hita Vora
- 24 Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- 22 Department of Pulmonology.,23 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD.,25 Department of Genetics
| | - Josep M Antó
- 26 Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles Auffray
- 2 European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jean Bousquet
- 27 CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- 28 Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - W James Gauderman
- 24 Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- 8 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juha Kere
- 18 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition.,19 Center for Innovative Medicine, and
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- 23 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD.,29 Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allerogology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, and
| | - Dirkje Postma
- 22 Department of Pulmonology.,30 Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Göran Pershagen
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,4 Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,4 Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,31 Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Loss of DLG5 promotes breast cancer malignancy by inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42125. [PMID: 28169360 PMCID: PMC5294562 DOI: 10.1038/srep42125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discs Large Homolog 5 (DLG5) plays an important role in the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. Recent research showed that DLG5 is decreased in Yes-associated protein (YAP)-overexpressing cells. However, the exact relationship between DLG5 and YAP is not clear. In this study, we showed that loss of DLG5 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway and increasing nuclear YAP expression. Furthermore, depletion of DLG5 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and disrupted epithelial cell polarity, which was associated with altered expression of Scribble, ZO1, E-cadherin and N-cadherin and their mislocalization. Interestingly, we first reported that loss of DLG5 inhibited the interaction of Mst1 and Lats1 with Scribble, which was crucial for YAP activation and the transcription of TEA domain (TEAD) family members. In summary, loss of DLG5 expression promoted breast cancer malignancy by inactivating the Hippo signaling pathway and increasing nuclear YAP.
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Wu D, Liu G, Liu Y, Saiyin H, Wang C, Wei Z, Zen W, Liu D, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Zou L, Huang H, Jiang S, Yu L. Zinc finger protein 191 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through discs large 1-mediated yes-associated protein inactivation. Hepatology 2016; 64:1148-62. [PMID: 27358034 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interplay between cell polarity module Scribble-Lethal Giant Larvae-Discs Large 1 (DLG1) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) appears critical in tumor metastasis. We identified zinc finger protein 191 (ZNF191) as a metastasis suppressor acting through DLG-YAP crosstalk in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of ZNF191 in HCC cells impaired cell motility, while ZNF191 depletion promoted cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo through triggering YAP signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that ZNF191 specifically bound to the promoter of DLG1, a cell polarity maintainer and a negative regulator of YAP. The binding sequence of ZNF191 at the DLG1 promoter is a seven-repeat of TCAT motif. Double-knockdown experiments inferred that DLG1 was not only the mediator of the function of ZNF191 to suppress migration but also a link between ZNF191 and YAP signaling. Decreased expression of ZNF191 in human metastatic HCC specimens correlated positively with DLG1 levels but inversely with YAP activation. Our findings illustrate a YAP-targeting, antimetastasis function of ZNF191, thereby representing a possible prognostic marker and a potential target for metastasis therapy. CONCLUSION ZNF191 directly binds to the DLG1 promoter at a typical TCAT repeating motif and activates the expression of DLG1; through up-regulating DLG1, ZNF191 inhibits cell migration and YAP activation in HCC cells and eventually inhibits metastasis. (Hepatology 2016;64:1148-1162).
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenjiao Zen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
| | - Songmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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40
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Ganti K, Massimi P, Manzo-Merino J, Tomaić V, Pim D, Playford MP, Lizano M, Roberts S, Kranjec C, Doorbar J, Banks L. Interaction of the Human Papillomavirus E6 Oncoprotein with Sorting Nexin 27 Modulates Endocytic Cargo Transport Pathways. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005854. [PMID: 27649450 PMCID: PMC5029876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of a large number of human cancers, of which cervical is the most common. Two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, contribute directly towards the development and maintenance of malignancy. A characteristic feature of the E6 oncoproteins from cancer-causing HPV types is the presence of a PDZ binding motif (PBM) at its C-terminus, which confers interaction with cellular proteins harbouring PDZ domains. Here we show that this motif allows E6 interaction with Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27), an essential component of endosomal recycling pathways. This interaction is highly conserved across E6 proteins from multiple high-risk HPV types and is mediated by a classical PBM-PDZ interaction but unlike many E6 targets, SNX27 is not targeted for degradation by E6. Rather, in HPV-18 positive cell lines the association of SNX27 with components of the retromer complex and the endocytic transport machinery is altered in an E6 PBM-dependent manner. Analysis of a SNX27 cargo, the glucose transporter GLUT1, reveals an E6-dependent maintenance of GLUT1 expression and alteration in its association with components of the endocytic transport machinery. Furthermore, knockdown of E6 in HPV-18 positive cervical cancer cells phenocopies the loss of SNX27, both in terms of GLUT1 expression levels and its vesicular localization, with a concomitant marked reduction in glucose uptake, whilst loss of SNX27 results in slower cell proliferation in low nutrient conditions. These results demonstrate that E6 interaction with SNX27 can alter the recycling of cargo molecules, one consequence of which is modulation of nutrient availability in HPV transformed tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki Ganti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Massimi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joaquin Manzo-Merino
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Vjekoslav Tomaić
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Pim
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin P. Playford
- National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kranjec
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Valdano MB, Cavatorta AL, Morale MG, Marziali F, de Souza Lino V, Steenbergen RDM, Boccardo E, Gardiol D. Disc large 1 expression is altered by human papillomavirus E6/E7 proteins in organotypic cultures of human keratinocytes. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:453-462. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A. L. Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M. G. Morale
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F. Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - V. de Souza Lino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. D. M. Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
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42
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James CD, Roberts S. Viral Interactions with PDZ Domain-Containing Proteins-An Oncogenic Trait? Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5010008. [PMID: 26797638 PMCID: PMC4810129 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the human viruses with oncogenic capabilities, either in their natural host or in experimental systems (hepatitis B and C, human T cell leukaemia virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus, high-risk human papillomaviruses and adenovirus type 9), encode in their limited genome the ability to target cellular proteins containing PSD95/ DLG/ZO-1 (PDZ) interaction modules. In many cases (but not always), the viruses have evolved to bind the PDZ domains using the same short linear peptide motifs found in host protein-PDZ interactions, and in some cases regulate the interactions in a similar fashion by phosphorylation. What is striking is that the diverse viruses target a common subset of PDZ proteins that are intimately involved in controlling cell polarity and the structure and function of intercellular junctions, including tight junctions. Cell polarity is fundamental to the control of cell proliferation and cell survival and disruption of polarity and the signal transduction pathways involved is a key event in tumourigenesis. This review focuses on the oncogenic viruses and the role of targeting PDZ proteins in the virus life cycle and the contribution of virus-PDZ protein interactions to virus-mediated oncogenesis. We highlight how many of the viral associations with PDZ proteins lead to deregulation of PI3K/AKT signalling, benefitting virus replication but as a consequence also contributing to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D James
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Present address; Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, W. Baxter Perkinson Jr. Building, 521 North 11th Street, P.O. Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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43
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Oriented cell division: new roles in guiding skin wound repair and regeneration. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150225. [PMID: 26582817 PMCID: PMC4708010 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis depends on precise regulation and timely co-ordination of cell division and also on the control of the direction of cell division. Establishment of polarity division axis, correct alignment of the mitotic spindle, segregation of fate determinants equally or unequally between daughter cells, are essential for the realization of oriented cell division. Furthermore, oriented cell division is regulated by intrinsic cues, extrinsic cues and other cues, such as cell geometry and polarity. However, dysregulation of cell division orientation could lead to abnormal tissue development and function. In the present study, we review recent studies on the molecular mechanism of cell division orientation and explain their new roles in skin repair and regeneration.
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44
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Immunohistochemical study of the membrane skeletal protein, membrane protein palmitoylated 6 (MPP6), in the mouse small intestine. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:81-92. [PMID: 26496923 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein palmitoylated (MPP) family belongs to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. MPP1 interacts with the protein 4.1 family member, 4.1R, as a membrane skeletal protein complex in erythrocytes. We previously described the interaction of another MPP family, MPP6, with 4.1G in the mouse peripheral nervous system. In the present study, the immunolocalization of MPP6 in the mouse small intestine was examined and compared with that of E-cadherin, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and 4.1B, which we previously investigated in intestinal epithelial cells. The immunolocalization of MPP6 was also assessed in the small intestines of 4.1B-deficient (-/-) mice. In the small intestine, Western blotting revealed that the molecular weight of MPP6 was approximately 55-kDa, and MPP6 was immunostained under the cell membranes in the basolateral portions of almost all epithelial cells from the crypts to the villi. The immunostaining pattern of MPP6 in epithelial cells was similar to that of E-cadherin, but differed from that of ZO-1. In intestinal epithelial cells, the immunostained area of MPP6 was slightly different from that of 4.1B, which was restricted to the intestinal villi. The immunolocalization of MPP6 in small intestinal epithelial cells was similar between 4.1B(-/-) mice and 4.1B(+/+) mice. In the immunoprecipitation study, another MAGUK family protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK), was shown to molecularly interact with MPP6. Thus, we herein showed the immunolocalization and interaction proteins of MPP6 in the mouse small intestine, and also that 4.1B in epithelial cells was not essential for the sorting of MPP6.
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45
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Sun P, Dong L, MacDonald AI, Akbari S, Edward M, Hodgins MB, Johnstone SR, Graham SV. HPV16 E6 Controls the Gap Junction Protein Cx43 in Cervical Tumour Cells. Viruses 2015; 7:5243-56. [PMID: 26445057 PMCID: PMC4632379 DOI: 10.3390/v7102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a range of cancers including cervical and head and neck cancers. HPV E6 oncoprotein binds the cell polarity regulator hDlg (human homologue of Drosophila Discs Large). Previously we showed in vitro, and now in vivo, that hDlg also binds Connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of gap junctions that mediate intercellular transfer of small molecules. In HPV16-positive non-tumour cervical epithelial cells (W12G) Cx43 localised to the plasma membrane, while in W12T tumour cells derived from these, it relocated with hDlg into the cytoplasm. We now provide evidence that E6 regulates this cytoplasmic pool of Cx43. E6 siRNA depletion in W12T cells resulted in restoration of Cx43 and hDlg trafficking to the cell membrane. In C33a HPV-negative cervical tumour cells expressing HPV16 or 18 E6, Cx43 was located primarily in the cytoplasm, but mutation of the 18E6 C-terminal hDlg binding motif resulted in redistribution of Cx43 to the membrane. The data indicate for the first time that increased cytoplasmic E6 levels associated with malignant progression alter Cx43 trafficking and recycling to the membrane and the E6/hDlg interaction may be involved. This suggests a novel E6-associated mechanism for changes in Cx43 trafficking in cervical tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Feinberg School of Medicine, North Western University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Li Dong
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Alasdair I MacDonald
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Shahrzad Akbari
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Michael Edward
- Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK.
| | - Malcolm B Hodgins
- Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK.
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sheila V Graham
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
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46
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Mruk DD, Cheng CY. The Mammalian Blood-Testis Barrier: Its Biology and Regulation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:564-91. [PMID: 26357922 PMCID: PMC4591527 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the cellular process by which spermatogonia develop into mature spermatids within seminiferous tubules, the functional unit of the mammalian testis, under the structural and nutritional support of Sertoli cells and the precise regulation of endocrine factors. As germ cells develop, they traverse the seminiferous epithelium, a process that involves restructuring of Sertoli-germ cell junctions, as well as Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions at the blood-testis barrier. The blood-testis barrier, one of the tightest tissue barriers in the mammalian body, divides the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments, basal and adluminal. The blood-testis barrier is different from most other tissue barriers in that it is not only comprised of tight junctions. Instead, tight junctions coexist and cofunction with ectoplasmic specializations, desmosomes, and gap junctions to create a unique microenvironment for the completion of meiosis and the subsequent development of spermatids into spermatozoa via spermiogenesis. Studies from the past decade or so have identified the key structural, scaffolding, and signaling proteins of the blood-testis barrier. More recent studies have defined the regulatory mechanisms that underlie blood-testis barrier function. We review here the biology and regulation of the mammalian blood-testis barrier and highlight research areas that should be expanded in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
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47
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Salim H, Zong D, Hååg P, Novak M, Mörk B, Lewensohn R, Lundholm L, Viktorsson K. DKK1 is a potential novel mediator of cisplatin-refractoriness in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:628. [PMID: 26353782 PMCID: PMC4565013 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum compounds are the mainstay of chemotherapy for lung cancer. Unfortunately treatment failure remains a critical issue since about 60 % of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients display intrinsic platinum resistance. Methods We analyzed global gene expression profiles of NSCLC clones surviving a pulse treatment with cisplatin and mapped deregulated signaling networks in silico by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Further validation was done using siRNA. Results The pooled cisplatin-surviving NSCLC clones from each of the biological replicates demonstrated heterogeneous gene expression patterns both in terms of the number and the identity of the altered genes. Genes involved in Wnt signaling pathway (Dickkopf-1, DKK1), DNA repair machinery (XRCC2) and cell-cell/cell-matrix interaction (FMN1, LGALS9) were among the top deregulated genes by microarray in these replicates and were validated by q-RT-PCR. We focused on DKK1 which previously was reported to be overexpressed in NSCLC patients. IPA network analysis revealed coordinate up-regulation of several DKK1 transcriptional regulators (TCF4, EZH2, DNAJB6 and HDAC2) in cisplatin-surviving clones from that biological replicate. Knockdown of DKK1 by siRNA sensitized for cisplatin in two different NSCLC cell lines and in ovarian A2780 cells, but not in the A2780 cis subline made resistant to cisplatin by chronic exposure, suggesting a role of DKK1 in intrinsic but not acquired platinum refractoriness. Conclusions We identified DKK1 as a possible marker of a cisplatin-refractory phenotype and as a potential novel therapeutic target to improve platinum response of NSCLC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1635-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogir Salim
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dali Zong
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Petra Hååg
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Metka Novak
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgitta Mörk
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Karolinska Biomics Center, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Ganti K, Broniarczyk J, Manoubi W, Massimi P, Mittal S, Pim D, Szalmas A, Thatte J, Thomas M, Tomaić V, Banks L. The Human Papillomavirus E6 PDZ Binding Motif: From Life Cycle to Malignancy. Viruses 2015; 7:3530-51. [PMID: 26147797 PMCID: PMC4517114 DOI: 10.3390/v7072785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-causing HPV E6 oncoproteins are characterized by the presence of a PDZ binding motif (PBM) at their extreme carboxy terminus. It was long thought that this region of E6 had a sole function to confer interaction with a defined set of cellular substrates. However, more recent studies have shown that the E6 PBM has a complex pattern of regulation, whereby phosphorylation within the PBM can regulate interaction with two classes of cellular proteins: those containing PDZ domains and the members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins. In this review, we explore the roles that the PBM and its ligands play in the virus life cycle, and subsequently how these can inadvertently contribute towards the development of malignancy. We also explore how subtle alterations in cellular signal transduction pathways might result in aberrant E6 phosphorylation, which in turn might contribute towards disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki Ganti
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Justyna Broniarczyk
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Wiem Manoubi
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Paola Massimi
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Suruchi Mittal
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - David Pim
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Anita Szalmas
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Jayashree Thatte
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Miranda Thomas
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Vjekoslav Tomaić
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste 34149, Italy.
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49
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Nakagawa T, Nakayama K. Protein monoubiquitylation: targets and diverse functions. Genes Cells 2015; 20:543-62. [PMID: 26085183 PMCID: PMC4744734 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a 76-amino acid protein whose conjugation to protein targets is a form of post-translational modification. Protein ubiquitylation is characterized by the covalent attachment of the COOH-terminal carboxyl group of ubiquitin to an amino group of the substrate protein. Given that the NH2 -terminal amino group is usually masked, internal lysine residues are most often targeted for ubiquitylation. Polyubiquitylation refers to the formation of a polyubiquitin chain on the substrate as a result of the ubiquitylation of conjugated ubiquitin. The structures of such polyubiquitin chains depend on the specific lysine residues of ubiquitin targeted for ubiquitylation. Most of the polyubiquitin chains other than those linked via lysine-63 and methionine-1 of ubiquitin are recognized by the proteasome and serve as a trigger for substrate degradation. In contrast, polyubiquitin chains linked via lysine-63 and methionine-1 serve as a binding platform for proteins that function in immune signal transduction or DNA repair. With the exception of a few targets such as histones, the functions of protein monoubiquitylation have remained less clear. However, recent proteomics analysis has shown that monoubiquitylation occurs more frequently than polyubiquitylation, and studies are beginning to provide insight into its biologically important functions. Here, we summarize recent findings on protein monoubiquitylation to provide an overview of the targets and molecular functions of this modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nakagawa
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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Quantifying domain-ligand affinities and specificities by high-throughput holdup assay. Nat Methods 2015; 12:787-93. [PMID: 26053890 PMCID: PMC4521981 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many protein interactions are mediated by small linear motifs interacting specifically with defined families of globular domains. Quantifying the specificity of a motif requires measuring and comparing its binding affinities to all its putative target domains. To this aim, we developed the high-throughput holdup assay, a chromatographic approach that can measure up to a thousand domain-motif equilibrium binding affinities per day. Extracts of overexpressed domains are incubated with peptide-coated resins and subjected to filtration. Binding affinities are deduced from microfluidic capillary electrophoresis of flow-throughs. After benchmarking the approach on 210 PDZ-peptide pairs with known affinities, we determined the affinities of two viral PDZ-binding motifs derived from Human Papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins for 209 PDZ domains covering 79% of the human PDZome. We obtained exquisite sequence-dependent binding profiles, describing quantitatively the PDZome recognition specificity of each motif. This approach, applicable to many categories of domain-ligand interactions, has a wide potential for quantifying the specificities of interactomes.
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