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Ramamoorthy K, Sabui S, Manzon KI, Balamurugan AN, Said HM. miR-122-5p is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of the mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter ( SLC25A19) in pancreatic acinar cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G347-G355. [PMID: 37529835 PMCID: PMC10642993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00106.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1) plays a vital role in cellular energy metabolism/ATP production. Pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) obtain thiamin from circulation and convert it to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) in the cytoplasm. TPP is then taken up by the mitochondria via a carrier-mediated process that involves the mitochondrial TPP transporter (MTPPT; encoded by the gene SLC25A19). We have previously characterized different aspects of the mitochondrial carrier-mediated TPP uptake process, but nothing is known about its possible regulation at the posttranscriptional level. We address this issue in the current investigations focusing on the role of miRNAs in this regulation. First, we subjected the human (and rat) 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the SLC25A19 to three in-silico programs, and all have identified putative binding sites for miR-122-5p. Transfecting pmirGLO-hSLC25A19 3'-UTR into rat PAC AR42J resulted in a significant reduction in luciferase activity compared with cells transfected with pmirGLO-empty vector. Mutating as well as truncating the putative miR-122-5p binding sites in the hSLC25A19 3'-UTR led to abrogation of inhibition in luciferase activity in PAC AR42J. Furthermore, transfecting/transducing PAC AR42J and human primary PACs with mimic of miR-122-5p led to a significant inhibition in the level of expression of the MTPPT mRNA and protein as well as in mitochondrial carrier-mediated TPP uptake. Conversely, transfecting PAC AR42J with an inhibitor of miR-122-5p increased MTPPT expression and function. These findings show, for the first time, that expression and function of the MTPPT in PACs are subject to posttranscriptional regulation by miR-122-5p.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the expression and function of mitochondrial TPP transporter (MTPPT) are subject to posttranscriptional regulation by miRNA-122-5p in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidas Ramamoorthy
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Subrata Sabui
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Medical Research, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States
| | - Kameron I Manzon
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Appakalai N Balamurugan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Medical Research, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States
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Ramamoorthy K, Yoshimura R, Al-Juburi S, Anandam KY, Kapadia R, Alachkar A, Abbott GW, Said HM. Alzheimer's disease is associated with disruption in thiamin transport physiology: A potential role for neuroinflammation. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105799. [PMID: 35750148 PMCID: PMC9744268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) containing plaques and cognitive deficits. The pathophysiology of AD also involves neuroinflammation. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is indispensable for normal cellular energy metabolism. Thiamin homeostasis is altered in AD, and its deficiency is known to aggravate AD pathology. Little, however, is known about possible alterations in level of expression of thiamin transporters-1 and -2 (THTR-1 and -2) in the brain of AD, and whether pro-inflammatory cytokines affect thiamin uptake by brain cells. We addressed these issues using brain tissue samples [prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP)] from AD patients and from 5XFAD mouse model of AD, together with cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells as model. Our results revealed a significantly lower expression of both THTR-1 and THTR-2 in the PFC and HIP of AD patients and 5XFAD mouse model of AD compared to appropriate normal controls. Further, we found that exposure of the SH-SY5Y cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) led to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake. Focusing on IL-1β, we found the inhibition in thiamin uptake to be time-dependent and reversible; it was also associated with a substantial reduction in expression of THTR-1 (but not THTR-2) protein and mRNA as well as a decrease in promoter activity of the SLC19A2 gene (which encodes THTR-1). Finally, using transcriptomic analysis, we found that thiamin availability in SH-SY5Y cells caused changes in the expression of genes relevant to AD pathways. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that thiamin transport physiology/molecular biology parameters are negatively impacted in AD brain and that pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit thiamin uptake by neuroblastoma cells. The results also support a possible role for thiamin in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidas Ramamoorthy
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Ryan Yoshimura
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Saleh Al-Juburi
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Kasin Y Anandam
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States of America.
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The role of pancreas to improve hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats by thiamine disulfide. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:32. [PMID: 35725834 PMCID: PMC9209469 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the effect of thiamine disulfide (TD) on the pancreas in terms of hyperglycemia improvement and insulin sensitivity increase in diabetic male rats. We also aimed to study the function of Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) and Glut2 (glucose transporter 2) genes in pancreatic tissue. Methods Type 1 diabetes was induced through injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were divided into four groups, namely diabetic control (DC), diabetic treated with thiamine disulfide (D-TD), diabetic treated with insulin (D-insulin), and diabetic treated with TD and insulin (D-insulin+TD). The non-diabetic (NDC) and diabetic groups received a normal diet (14 weeks). Blood glucose level and body weight were measured weekly; insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucagon tolerance test (GTT) were performed in the last month of the study. The level of serum insulin and glucagon were measured monthly and a hyperglycemic clamp (Insulin Infusion rate (IIR)) was done for all the groups. Pancreas tissue was isolated so that Pdx1and Glut2 genes expression could be measured. Results We observed that TD therapy decreased blood glucose level, ITT, and serum glucagon levels in comparison with those of the DC group; it also increased serum insulin levels, IIR, and expression of Pdx1 and Glut2 genes in comparison with those of the DC group. Conclusion Administration of TD could improve hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic animals through improved pancreas function. Therefore, not only does TD have a significant effect on controlling and reducing hyperglycemia in diabetes, but it also has the potential to decrease the dose of insulin administration.
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Fursultiamine Prevents Drug-Induced Ototoxicity by Reducing Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mouse Cochlea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101526. [PMID: 34679662 PMCID: PMC8533091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hearing loss is a major type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics have been known to cause ototoxicity, and excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are suggested as the common major pathology of cisplatin- and aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced ototoxicity. Fursultiamine, also called thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide, is a thiamine disulfide derivative that may have antioxidant effects. To evaluate whether fursultiamine can prevent cisplatin- and kanamycin-induced ototoxicity, we investigated their preventive potential using mouse cochlear explant culture system. Immunofluorescence staining of mouse cochlear hair cells showed that fursultiamine pretreatment reduced cisplatin- and kanamycin-induced damage to both inner and outer hair cells. Fursultiamine attenuated mitochondrial ROS accumulation as evidenced by MitoSOX Red staining and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in a JC-1 assay. In addition, fursultiamine pretreatment reduced active caspase-3 and TUNEL signals after cisplatin or kanamycin treatment, indicating that fursultiamine decreased apoptotic hair cell death. This study is the first to show a protective effect of fursultiamine against cisplatin- and aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced ototoxicity. Our results suggest that fursultiamine could act as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent against mitochondrial oxidative stress.in cochlear hair cells.
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Pumpkin, Cauliflower and Broccoli as New Carriers of Thiamine Compounds for Food Fortification. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030578. [PMID: 33801931 PMCID: PMC7999783 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the possibility of vegetables being used as carriers of thiamine. The influence of carrier type (thiamine hydrochloride—TCh and thiamine pyrophosphate—TP) for the thiamine stability were investigated. Two varieties of pumpkin, Muscat and Hokkaido, as well as Cauliflower and Broccoli, were used as a matrix for the thiamine applied. The impregnated and freeze-dried vegetables were stored (230 days) with changing access to light (access to and restriction of light) and temperature (21 °C and 40 °C). The analyzed carriers were also used in the production of gnocchi dumplings. The content of thiamine was analyzed using the thiochromium method. In the study, consumer tests (n = 199) and sensory profiling were used to assess the impact of thiamine carriers on the sensory quality of gnocchi dumplings. It was found that the introduction of dried vegetables at the level of 30% allows for high sensory desirability of analyzed products, as well as suggesting the possibility of their frequent consumption. Such a product could potentially become an alternative to pork meat as a good source of thiamine. However, it should be noted that the thiamine losses may occur during the storage of dried vegetables and their culinary preparation.
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Hellal K, Mediani A, Ismail IS, Tan CP, Abas F. 1H NMR-based metabolomics and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the investigation of bioactive compounds from Lupinus albus fractions. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110046. [PMID: 33648271 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lupinus albus or white lupine has recently received increase attention for its medicinal values. Several studies have described the hypoglycemic effect of the white lupine, which is known as a food plant with potential value for treatment of diabetes. This study provides useful information for the identification and quantification of compounds in L. albus fractions by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. In total, 35 metabolites were identified from L. albus fractions.Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a multivariate projection method for visualizing the different composition of four different fractions. The bioactivities of fractions with different polarity obtained from the extract of L. albus seeds are reported. Among the fractions studied, the chloroform fraction (CF) exhibits a high free radical scavenging (DPPH) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 24.08 and 20.08 μg/mL, respectively. A partial least-squares analyses (PLS) model had been successfully performed to correlate the potential active metabolites with the corresponding biological activities. Metabolites containing proline, caprate, asparagine, lupinoisolone C, hydroxyiso lupalbigenin and some unknown compounds show high correlation with the bioactivities studied. Moreover, the structural identification in the active fraction was supported by ultrahigh-performance-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 21 metabolites were tentatively identified from MS/MS data by comparison with previously reported data. Most of these compounds are isoflavonoids without known biological activity. This information may be useful for developing functional food from L. albus with potential application in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Hellal
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Anandam KY, Srinivasan P, Yasujima T, Al-Juburi S, Said HM. Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit thiamin uptake by human and mouse pancreatic acinar cells: involvement of transcriptional mechanism(s). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G108-G116. [PMID: 33146542 PMCID: PMC8112188 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00361.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1) plays critical roles in normal metabolism and function of all mammalian cells. Pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) import thiamin from circulation via specific carrier-mediated uptake that involves thiamin transporter-1 and -2 (THTR-1 and -2; products of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3, respectively). Our aim in this study was to investigate the effect(s) of proinflammatory cytokines on thiamin uptake by PACs. We used human primary (h)PACs, PAC 266-6 cells, and mice in vivo as models in the investigations. First, we examined the level of expression of THTR-1 and -2 mRNA in pancreatic tissues of patients with chronic pancreatitis and observed severe reduction in their expression compared with normal control subjects. Exposing hPACs and PAC 266-6 to proinflammatory cytokines (hyper IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) was found to lead to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake. Focusing on hyper-IL-6 (which also inhibited thiamin uptake by primary mouse PACs), the inhibition in thiamin uptake was found to be associated with significant reduction in THTR-1 and -2 proteins and mRNA expression as well as in activity of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters; it was also associated with reduction in level of expression of the transcription factor Sp1 (which is required for activity of these promoters). Finally, blocking the intracellular Stat3 signaling pathway was found to lead to a significant reversal in the inhibitory effect of hyper IL-6 on thiamin uptake by PAC 266-6. These results show that exposure of PACs to proinflammatory cytokines negatively impacts thiamin uptake via (at least in part) transcriptional mechanism(s).NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings of the current study demonstrate, for the first time, that exposure of pancreatic acinar cells to proinflammatory cytokines (including hyper IL-6) cause significant inhibition in vitamin B1 (thiamin; a micronutrient that is essential for normal cellular energy metabolism) and that this effect is mediated at the level of transcription of the thiamin transporter genes SLC19A2 and SLC19A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasin Yadunandam Anandam
- Departments of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- Departments of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Tomoya Yasujima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Saleh Al-Juburi
- Departments of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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Elrasoul ASA, Mousa AA, Orabi SH, Mohamed MAEG, Gad-Allah SM, Almeer R, Abdel-Daim MM, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR, Eldaim MAA. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101014. [PMID: 33086604 PMCID: PMC7603163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the protective potential of Azolla pinnate ethanolic extract (APE) against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10). The control group was orally administrated with saline. The second group received lead acetate (100 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for 60 days). The third group was fed with APE (10 mg/kg BW orally for 60 days). The fourth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group and APE like the third group, concomitantly, for 60 days. The fifth group was administrated with APE like the third group for 30 days, then orally administrated with the lead acetate like the second group for another 30 days. The sixth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group for 30 days, then with APE like the third group for a further 30 days. Phytochemical analysis of APE indicated the presence of peonidin 3-O-glucoside cation, vitexin, rutin, thiamine, choline, tamarixetin, hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin. The latter has been elucidated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). Lead acetate increased the serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and that of urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1β, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde contents, and caspase 3 protein expression, as well as altering the hepatic tissue architecture. However, it decreased the serum levels of interleukin 10 and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue. In contrast, the administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla’s phytochemical contents. Collectively, A. pinnate extract is a protective and curative agent against lead-induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shaaban Abd Elrasoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; (A.S.A.E.); (A.A.M.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; (A.S.A.E.); (A.A.M.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Sahar Hassan Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; (A.S.A.E.); (A.A.M.); (S.H.O.)
| | | | - Shaban M. Gad-Allah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt;
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (H.R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.E.); Tel.: +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia 32512, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.E.); Tel.: +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.)
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Piechocka J, Szymandera-Buszka K, Kobus-Cisowska J, Gramza-Michałowska A, Jędrusek-Golińska A. The Effect of Thiamine Concentration on the Antioxidative Activity Indices in Tea Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110555. [PMID: 31731638 PMCID: PMC6912681 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine correlations between the concentration of thiamine in systems and indicators of the antioxidative activity of ethanol tea extracts in the presence of soybean oil. Variability of the thiamine form was assumed by comparison of the influence of thiamine hydrochloride or thiamine pyrophosphate and fermentation of ethanol tea extracts. The study provides practical knowledge about the antioxidative activity of ethanol tea extracts in products containing fat and thiamine. The study showed that all tea extracts exhibited higher antioxidative activity in the presence of thiamine amounts of 0.1 and 0.8 mg/100 g. The antioxidative activity of ethanol tea extracts was significantly reduced when the concentrations were higher than the natural level for foods (over 1.0 mg/100 g). The systems containing white tea extract were the most vulnerable, whereas those with black tea were the least vulnerable. The presence of thiamine pyrophosphate in the system was more strongly correlated with reduced activity of the extracts than the presence of thiamine hydrochloride.
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High thiamine dose restores levels of specific astroglial proteins in rat brain astrocytes affected by chronic ethanol consumption. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Srinivasan P, Anandam KY, Ramesh V, Geltz ET, Said HM. Effect of bacterial flagellin on thiamin uptake by human and mouse pancreatic acinar cells: inhibition mediated at the level of transcription of thiamin transporters 1 and 2. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G735-G743. [PMID: 30920302 PMCID: PMC6620585 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1) is essential for normal cellular metabolism and function. Pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) obtain thiamin from the circulation via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the plasma membrane thiamin transporters 1 and 2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2; products of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes, respectively). There is nothing known about the effect of bacterial products/toxins on thiamin uptake by PACs. We addressed this issue in the present investigation by examining the effect of bacterial flagellin on physiological and molecular parameters of thiamin uptake by PACs. We used human primary PACs, mice in vivo, and cultured mouse-derived pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells in our investigation. The results showed that exposure of human primary PACs to flagellin led to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake; this inhibition was associated with a significant decrease in expression of THTR-1 and -2 at the protein and mRNA levels. These findings were confirmed in mice in vivo as well as in cultured 266-6 cells. Subsequent studies showed that flagellin exposure markedly suppressed the activity of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters and that this effect involved the Sp1 regulatory factor. Finally, knocking down Toll-like receptor 5 by use of gene-specific siRNA was found to lead to abrogation in the inhibitory effect of flagellin on PAC thiamin uptake. These results show, for the first time, that exposure of PACs to flagellin negatively impacts the physiological and molecular parameters of thiamin uptake and that this effect is mediated at the level of transcription of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that prolonged exposure of pancreatic acinar cells to flagellin inhibits uptake of vitamin B1, a micronutrient that is essential for energy metabolism and ATP production. This effect is mediated at the level of transcription of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes and involves the Sp1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,2Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Kasin Yadunandam Anandam
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,2Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Vignesh Ramesh
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Erica T. Geltz
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,2Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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Anti-alcoholic effects of honeys from different floral origins and their correlation with honey chemical compositions. Food Chem 2019; 286:608-615. [PMID: 30827653 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of honeys from different floral origins on alcohol metabolism were compared, and the correlation between their chemical compositions and antialcholic effects was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the five types of investigated honeys from different floral origins had different effects on alcohol metabolism, and the blood alcohol removal rate by these honeys ranged from 18.01% to 49.17%. Ziziphus jujuba honey exhibited the best blood alcohol removal effect, and meanwhile significantly enhanced the activity of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Chemical composition analysis also showed that honeys from different floral origins were considerably different in the contents of sugars, minerals, ascorbic acid and phenolics. Ziziphus jujuba honey had the highest fructose/glucose ratio, ascorbic acid and phenolics contents, and higher contents of minerals, especially K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. This chemical composition might contribute to its better anti-alcoholic effect.
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Welch DW, Futia MH, Rinchard J, Teffer AK, Miller KM, Hinch SG, Honeyfield DC. Thiamine Levels in Muscle and Eggs of Adult Pacific Salmon from the Fraser River, British Columbia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:191-200. [PMID: 29799640 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple species and stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. have experienced large declines in the number of returning adults over a wide region of the Pacific Northwest due to poor marine survival (low smolt-to-adult survival rates). One possible explanation for reduced survival is thiamine deficiency. Thiamine (vitamin B1 ) is an essential vitamin with an integral role in many metabolic processes, and thiamine deficiency is an important cause of salmonid mortality in the Baltic Sea and in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To assess this possibility, we (1) compared muscle thiamine content over time in a holding experiment using Fraser River (British Columbia) Sockeye Salmon O. nerka to establish whether adults that died during the holding period had lower thiamine levels than survivors, (2) measured infectious loads of multiple pathogens in held fish, and (3) measured egg thiamine content from four species of Pacific salmon collected on Fraser River spawning grounds. Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha had the lowest egg thiamine, followed by Sockeye Salmon; however, egg thiamine concentrations were above levels known to cause overt fry mortality. Thiamine vitamers in the muscle of Fraser River adult Sockeye Salmon shifted over a 13-d holding period, with a precipitous decline in thiamine pyrophosphate (the active form of thiamine used in enzyme reactions) in surviving fish. Survivors also carried lower loads of Flavobacterium psychrophilum than fish that died during in the holding period. Although there is no evidence of thiamine deficiency in the adults studied, questions remain about possible thiamine metabolism-fish pathogen relationships that influence survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Welch
- Kintama Research Services, Ltd., 4737 Vista View Crescent, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9V 1N8, Canada
| | - Matthew H Futia
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport-State University of New York, Brockport, New York, 14420, USA
| | - Jacques Rinchard
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport-State University of New York, Brockport, New York, 14420, USA
| | - Amy K Teffer
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kristi M Miller
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Molecular Genetics Section, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Scott G Hinch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Sabui S, Subramanian VS, Kapadia R, Said HM. Adaptive regulation of pancreatic acinar mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate uptake process: possible involvement of epigenetic mechanism(s). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G448-G455. [PMID: 28729247 PMCID: PMC5792211 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00192.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The essentiality of thiamin stems from its roles as a cofactor [mainly in the form of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)] in critical metabolic reactions including oxidative energy metabolism and reduction of cellular oxidative stress. Like other mammalian cells, pancreatic acinar cells (PAC) obtain thiamin from their surroundings and convert it to TPP; mitochondria then take up TPP by a carrier-mediated process that involves the mitochondrial TPP (MTPP) transporter (MTPPT; product of SLC25A19 gene). Previous studies have characterized different physiological/biological aspects of the MTPP uptake process, but little is known about its possible adaptive regulation. We addressed this issue using pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells (PAC 266-6) maintained under thiamin-deficient (DEF) and oversupplemented (OS) conditions, as well as thiamin-DEF and -OS transgenic mice carrying the SLC25A19 promoter. We found that maintaining PAC 266-6 under the thiamin-DEF condition leads to a significant induction in mitochondrial [3H]TPP uptake, as well as in the level of expression of the MTPPT protein and mRNA compared with thiamin-OS cells. Similar findings were observed in mitochondria from thiamin-DEF mice compared with thiamin-OS. Subsequently, we demonstrated that adaptive regulation of MTTP protein was partly mediated via transcriptional mechanism(s) via studies with PAC 266-6 transfected with the SLC25A19 promoter and transgenic mice carrying the SLC25A19 promoter. This transcriptional regulation appeared to be, at least in part, mediated via epigenetic mechanism(s) involving histone modifications. These studies report, for the first time, that the PAC mitochondrial TPP uptake process is adaptively regulated by the prevailing thiamin level and that this regulation is transcriptionally mediated and involves epigenetic mechanism(s).NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings show, for the first time, that the mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate (MTPP) uptake process is adaptively regulated by the prevailing thiamin level in pancreatic acinar cells and this regulation is mediated, at least in part, by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanism(s) affecting the SLC25A19 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Veedamali S. Subramanian
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
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Afzal M, Kazmi I, Khan R, Rana P, Kumar V, Al-Abbasi FA, Zamzami MA, Anwar F. Thiamine potentiates chemoprotective effects of ibuprofen in DEN induced hepatic cancer via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 623-624:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Portari GV, Ovidio PP, Deminice R, Jordão AA. Protective effect of treatment with thiamine or benfotiamine on liver oxidative damage in rat model of acute ethanol intoxication. Life Sci 2016; 162:21-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sabui S, Subramanian VS, Kapadia R, Said HM. Structure-function characterization of the human mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter (hMTPPT; SLC25A19): Important roles for Ile(33), Ser(34), Asp(37), His(137) and Lys(291). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1883-90. [PMID: 27188525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism. Mammalian cells obtain the vitamin from their surroundings, converted it to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) in the cytoplasm, followed by uptake of TPP by mitochondria via a carrier-mediated process that involves the MTPPT (product of the SLC25A19 gene). Previous studies have characterized different physiological/biological aspects of the human MTPPT (hMTPPT), but less is known about structural features that are important for its function. Here, we used a protein-docking model ("Phyre2" and "DockingServer") to predict residues that may be important for function (substrate recognition) of the hMTPPT; we also examined the role of conserved positively-charged residues predicted ("PRALINE") to be in the trans-membrane domains (TMDs) in uptake of the negatively-charged TPP. Among the six residues predicted by the docking model (i.e., Thr(29), Arg(30), Ile(33), Ser(34), Asp(37) and Phe(298)), only Ile(33), Ser(34) and Asp(37) were found to be critical for function. While no change in translational efficiency/protein stability of the Ser(34) mutant was observed, both the Ile(33) and Asp(37) mutants showed a decrease in this parameter(s); there was also a decrease in the expression of the latter two mutants in mitochondria. A need for a polar residue at position 34 of the hMTPPT was evident. Our findings with the positively-charged residues (i.e., His(82), His(137), Lys(231) and Lys(291)) predicted in the TMD showed that His(137) and Lys(291) are important for function (via a role in proper delivery of the protein to mitochondria). These investigations provide important information about the structure-function relationship of the hMTPPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Veedamali S Subramanian
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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Nabokina SM, Ramos MB, Said HM. Mechanism(S) Involved in the Colon-Specific Expression of the Thiamine Pyrophosphate (Tpp) Transporter. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149255. [PMID: 26901654 PMCID: PMC4764741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota of the large intestine synthesizes considerable amount of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). We have recently demonstrated the existence of an efficient and specific carrier-mediated uptake process for TPP in human colonocytes, identified the TPP transporter (TPPT) involved (product of the SLC44A4 gene), and shown that expression of TPPT along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is restricted to the colon. Our aim in this study was to determine the molecular basis of the colon-specific expression of TPPT focusing on a possible epigenetic mechanism. Our results showed that the CpG island predicted in the SLC44A4 promoter is non-methylated in the human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells, but is hyper-methylated in the human duodenal epithelial HuTu80 cells (as well as in the human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE19 cells). In the mouse (where TPPT expression in the GI tract is also restricted to the colon), the CpG island predicted in the Slc44a4 promoter is non-methylated in both the jejunum and colon, thus arguing against possible contribution of DNA methylation in the colon-specific expression of TPPT. A role for histone modifications in the tissue-specific pattern of Slc44a4 expression, however, was suggested by the findings that in mouse colon, histone H3 in the 5’-regulatory region of Slc44a4 is tri-methylated at lysine 4 and acetylated at lysine 9, whereas the tri-methylation at lysine 27 modification was negligible. In contrast, in the mouse jejunum, histone H3 is hyper-trimethylated at lysine 27 (repressor mark). Similarly, possible involvement of miRNA(s) in the tissue-specific expression of TPPT was also suggested by the findings that the 3’-UTR of SLC44A4 is targeted by specific miRNAs/RNA binding proteins in non-colonic, but not in colonic, epithelial cells. These studies show, for the first time, epigenetic mechanisms (histone modifications) play a role in determining the tissue-specific pattern of expression of TPPT in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M. Nabokina
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States of America
| | - Mel Brendan Ramos
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States of America
| | - Hamid M. Said
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, 90822, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nabokina SM, Subramanian VS, Said HM. The human colonic thiamine pyrophosphate transporter (hTPPT) is a glycoprotein and N-linked glycosylation is important for its function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:866-71. [PMID: 26828122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified human thiamine pyrophosphate transporter (hTPPT; product of the SLC44A4 gene) is responsible for absorption of the microbiota-generated TPP in the large intestine. The hTPPT is highly expressed in the colon, but not in other regions of the intestinal tract and is localized exclusively at the apical membrane domain of epithelia. The hTPPT protein is predicted to have multiple TM domains with a number of putative N-glycosylation sites, but it is not known if the protein is actually glycosylated, and if so at which site, and their role in the functionality of the transporter. Using several approaches including inhibiting de novo N-glycosylation in human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells with tunicamycin as well as enzymatic de-glycosylation, we show that the hTPPT protein is, indeed, a glycoprotein. Glycosylation of hTPPT was shown, by mean of site-directed mutagenesis, to occur at Asn(69), Asn(155), Asn(197), Asn(393), and Asn(416). However, only N-glycosylation at Asn(69), Asn(155), and Asn(393) appeared to be important for transporter functionality possibly through an effect on protein conformation and/or interaction with its ligand (but not through changes in expression at the cell membrane as determined by live cell confocal imaging). Results of this study showed, for the first time, that the hTPPT is glycosylated and that N-linked glycosylation occurs at multiple sites with some of them being important for function. The results also provide an indirect support for a membrane topology for hTPPT with 10 transmembrane domains as predicted by the TMHMM transmembrane helixes prediction program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Nabokina
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Veedamali S Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States.
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Chronic Nicotine Exposure In Vivo and In Vitro Inhibits Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Uptake by Pancreatic Acinar Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143575. [PMID: 26633299 PMCID: PMC4669105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1), a member of the water-soluble family of vitamins, is essential for normal cellular functions; its deficiency results in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Pancreatic acinar cells (PAC) obtain thiamin from the circulation using a specific carrier-mediated process mediated by both thiamin transporters -1 and -2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2; encoded by the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes, respectively). The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of chronic exposure of mouse PAC in vivo and human PAC in vitro to nicotine (a major component of cigarette smoke that has been implicated in pancreatic diseases) on thiamin uptake and to delineate the mechanism involved. The results showed that chronic exposure of mice to nicotine significantly inhibits thiamin uptake in murine PAC, and that this inhibition is associated with a marked decrease in expression of THTR-1 and THTR-2 at the protein, mRNA and hnRNAs level. Furthermore, expression of the important thiamin-metabolizing enzyme, thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPKase), was significantly reduced in PAC of mice exposed to nicotine. Similarly, chronic exposure of cultured human PAC to nicotine (0.5 μM, 48 h) significantly inhibited thiamin uptake, which was also associated with a decrease in expression of THTR-1 and THTR-2 proteins and mRNAs. This study demonstrates that chronic exposure of PAC to nicotine impairs the physiology and the molecular biology of the thiamin uptake process. Furthermore, the study suggests that the effect is, in part, mediated through transcriptional mechanism(s) affecting the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes.
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Uysal HB, Dağlı B, Yılmaz M, Kahyaoğlu F, Gökçimen A, Ömürlü İK, Demirci B. Biochemical and Histological Effects of Thiamine Pyrophosphate against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:70-6. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Bektas Uysal
- Department of Internal Medicine; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
| | - Bekir Dağlı
- Department of Emergency; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
| | - Fadime Kahyaoğlu
- Department of Histology; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
| | - Alparslan Gökçimen
- Department of Histology; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
| | - İmran Kurt Ömürlü
- Department of Biostatistics; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
| | - Buket Demirci
- Department of Medical Pharmacology; Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine; Aydin Turkey
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Shi P, Chen B, Chen C, Xu J, Shen Z, Miao X, Yao H. Honey reduces blood alcohol concentration but not affects the level of serum MDA and GSH-Px activity in intoxicated male mice models. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:225. [PMID: 26169497 PMCID: PMC4499888 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background For a long time, honey was purportedly helpful to prevent drunkenness and relieve hangover symptoms. However, few of the assertions have experienced scientific assessment. The present study examined the effects of honey on intoxicated male mice. Methods Low or high doses of lychee flower honey (2.19 or 4.39 g/kg body weight, respectively) were single orally administrated 30 min before the ethanol intoxication of mice, followed by recording the locomotor activity by autonomic activity instrument and observing the climbing ability after alcohol. On the other hand, 2.19 g/kg honey was single orally administrated 5 min after the ethanol intoxication of mice, followed by determining the ethanol concentration in mice blood. In addition, subacute alcoholism mice models were developed and after the treatment of 2.19 g/kg honey s.i.d for successive three days, the level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were detected in the models. Results Both of the two doses of honey increased the autonomic activity of alcoholized mice. Furthermore, the treatment of 2.19 g/kg honey could decrease significantly the blood ethanol concentration in intoxicated mice. The anti-intoxication activity of honey could be due to the effect of the fructose contained in the honey. Meanwhile, honey could not affect the serum MDA level and GSH-Px activity in alcoholism mice models. Conclusion Honey indeed possesses anti-intoxication activity.
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Moretto M, Cargnelutt L, Bitencourt P, Bochi G, Duarte T, Boligon A, Pigatto A, Athayde M, Moresco R. Syzygium cumini Leaf Extract Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Acute Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2015.56.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Srinivasan P, Subramanian VS, Said HM. Mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of chronic alcohol exposure on pancreatic acinar thiamin uptake. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G631-9. [PMID: 24525018 PMCID: PMC3962591 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00420.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic acinar cells (PAC) obtain thiamin from the circulation via a carrier-mediated process that involves thiamin transporters 1 and 2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2; products of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3, respectively). Chronic alcohol exposure of PAC inhibits thiamin uptake, and, on the basis of in vitro studies, this inhibition appears to be transcriptionally mediated. The aim of this study was to confirm the involvement of a transcriptional mechanism in mediating the chronic alcohol effect in in vivo settings and to delineate the molecular mechanisms involved. Using transgenic mice carrying full-length SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters, we found that chronic alcohol feeding led to a significant reduction in the activity of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters (as well as in thiamin uptake and expression of THTR-1 and -2). Similar findings were seen in 266-6 cells chronically exposed to alcohol in vitro. In the latter studies, the alcohol inhibitory effect was found to be mediated via the minimal SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters and involved the cis-regulatory elements stimulating protein 1 (SP1)/gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor and SP1-GG-box and SP1/GC, respectively. Chronic alcohol exposure of PAC also led to a significant reduction in the expression of the SP1 transcription factor, which upon correction (via expression) led to the prevention of alcohol inhibitory effects on not only the activity of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters but also on the expression of THTR-1 and -2 mRNA and thiamin uptake. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of chronic alcohol exposure on physiological/molecular parameters of thiamin uptake by PAC is mediated via specific cis-regulatory elements in SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 minimal promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Veedamali S. Subramanian
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach; Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
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Srinivasan P, Subramanian VS, Said HM. Effect of the cigarette smoke component, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), on physiological and molecular parameters of thiamin uptake by pancreatic acinar cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78853. [PMID: 24244374 PMCID: PMC3820693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamin is indispensable for the normal function of pancreatic acinar cells. These cells take up thiamin via specific carrier-mediated process that involves thiamin transporter-1 and -2 (THTR-1 and THTR-2; products of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes, respectively). In this study we examined the effect of chronic exposure of pancreatic acinar cells in vitro (pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells) and in vivo (wild-type and transgenic mice carrying the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters) to the cigarette smoke component 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on physiological and molecular parameters of the thiamin uptake process. The results show that chronic exposure of 266-6 cells to NNK (3 µM, 24 h) leads to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake. The inhibition was associated with a significant decrease in the level of expression of THTR-1 and -2 at the protein and mRNA levels as well as in the activity of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters. Similarly chronic exposure of mice to NNK (IP 10 mg/100 g body weight, three times/week for 2 weeks) leads to a significant inhibition in thiamin uptake by freshly isolated pancreatic acinar cells, as well as in the level of expression of THTR-1 and -2 protein and mRNA. Furthermore, activity of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters expressed in transgenic mice were significantly suppressed by chronic exposure to NNK. The effect of NNK on the activity of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 promoters was not mediated via changes in their methylation profile, rather it appears to be exerted via an SP1/GG and SP1/GC cis-regulatory elements in these promoters, respectively. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that chronic exposure of pancreatic acinar cells to NNK negatively impacts the physiological and molecular parameters of thiamin uptake by pancreatic acinar cells and that this effect is exerted, at least in part, at the level of transcription of the SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Veedamali S. Subramanian
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hamid M. Said
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Said HM. Recent advances in transport of water-soluble vitamins in organs of the digestive system: a focus on the colon and the pancreas. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G601-10. [PMID: 23989008 PMCID: PMC3840235 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00231.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of water-soluble vitamin (WSV) transport in the large intestine and pancreas, two important organs of the digestive system that have only recently received their fair share of attention. WSV, a group of structurally unrelated compounds, are essential for normal cell function and development and, thus, for overall health and survival of the organism. Humans cannot synthesize WSV endogenously; rather, WSV are obtained from exogenous sources via intestinal absorption. The intestine is exposed to two sources of WSV: a dietary source and a bacterial source (i.e., WSV generated by the large intestinal microbiota). Contribution of the latter source to human nutrition/health has been a subject of debate and doubt, mostly based on the absence of specialized systems for efficient uptake of WSV in the large intestine. However, recent studies utilizing a variety of human and animal colon preparations clearly demonstrate that such systems do exist in the large intestine. This has provided strong support for the idea that the microbiota-generated WSV are of nutritional value to the host, and especially to the nutritional needs of the local colonocytes and their health. In the pancreas, WSV are essential for normal metabolic activities of all its cell types and for its exocrine and endocrine functions. Significant progress has also been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in the uptake of WSV and the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on the uptake processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Said
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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Mitochondrial uptake of thiamin pyrophosphate: physiological and cell biological aspects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73503. [PMID: 24023687 PMCID: PMC3758298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells obtain vitamin B1 (thiamin) from their surrounding environment and convert it to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) in the cytoplasm. Most of TPP is then transported into the mitochondria via a carrier-mediated process that involves the mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter (MTPPT). Knowledge about the physiological parameters of the MTPP-mediated uptake process, MTPPT targeting and the impact of clinical mutations in MTPPT in patients with Amish lethal microcephaly and neuropathy and bilateral striatal necrosis are not fully elucidated, and thus, were addressed in this study using custom-made 3H-TPP as a substrate and mitochondria isolated from mouse liver and human-derived liver HepG2 cells. Results showed 3H-TPP uptake by mouse liver mitochondria to be pH-independent, saturable (Km = 6.79±0.53 µM), and specific for TPP. MTPPT protein was expressed in mouse liver and HepG2 cells, and confocal images showed a human (h)MTPPT-GFP construct to be targeted to mitochondria of HepG2 cells. A serial truncation analysis revealed that all three modules of hMTPPT protein cooperated (although at different levels of efficiency) in mitochondrial targeting rather than acting autonomously as independent targeting module. Finally, the hMTPPT clinical mutants (G125S and G177A) showed proper mitochondrial targeting but displayed significant inhibition in 3H-TPP uptake and a decrease in level of expression of the MTPPT protein. These findings advance our knowledge of the physiology and cell biology of the mitochondrial TPP uptake process. The results also show that clinical mutations in the hMTPPT system impair its functionality via affecting its level of expression with no effect on its targeting to mitochondria.
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Nabokina SM, Valle JE, Said HM. Characterization of the human mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transporter SLC25A19 minimal promoter: a role for NF-Y in regulating basal transcription. Gene 2013; 528:248-55. [PMID: 23872534 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of expression of the human mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transporter (the product of the SLC25A19 gene) is unknown. To understand this regulation, we cloned and characterized the 5'-regulatory region of the SLC25A19 gene (1,080 bp). The cloned fragment was found to possess promoter activity in transiently transfected human-derived liver HepG2 cells. 5'- and 3'-deletion analysis has identified the minimal region required for basal SLC25A19 promoter activity to be between -131 and +20 (using the distal transcriptional start site as +1). The minimal promoter lacks typical TATA motif and contains two inverted CCAAT boxes (binding sites for NF-Y transcriptional factor). By means of mutational analysis, the critical role of both the upstream and downstream CCAAT boxes in basal SLC25A19 promoter activity was established; however, each of these boxes alone was found to be unable to support promoter activity. EMSA and supershift EMSA (with the use of specific antibodies against NF-Y subunits) studies, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, demonstrated the binding of NF-Y to both CCAAT boxes in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The requirement for NF-Y in SLC25A19 promoter activity in vivo was directly confirmed by the use of a dominant negative NF-YA mutant in transiently transfected HepG2 cells. These studies report for the first time the characterization of the SLC25A19 promoter and demonstrate an essential role for NF-Y in its basal activity.
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Portari GV, Vannucchi H, Jordao AA. Liver, plasma and erythrocyte levels of thiamine and its phosphate esters in rats with acute ethanol intoxication: A comparison of thiamine and benfotiamine administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:799-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The role of thiamine in HIV infection. Int J Infect Dis 2012; 17:e221-7. [PMID: 23274124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with HIV have a high prevalence of thiamine deficiency. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link thiamine to HIV pathology, i.e., renin-angiotensin system, poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1, Sp1 promoter gene, transcription factor p53, apoptotic factor caspase 3, and glycogen synthetase kinase 3β. Thiamine also affects HIV through non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, heme oxygenase 1, the prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase 2, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. In conclusion, thiamine may benefit HIV patients, but further investigation of the role of thiamine in HIV infection is needed.
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Kang KD, Majid ASA, Kim KA, Kang K, Ahn HR, Nho CW, Jung SH. Sulbutiamine counteracts trophic factor deprivation induced apoptotic cell death in transformed retinal ganglion cells. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1828-39. [PMID: 20809085 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulbutiamine is a highly lipid soluble synthetic analogue of vitamin B(1) and is used clinically for the treatment of asthenia. The aim of our study was to demonstrate whether sulbutiamine is able to attenuate trophic factor deprivation induced cell death to transformed retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5). Cells were subjected to serum deprivation for defined periods and sulbutiamine at different concentrations was added to the cultures. Various procedures (e.g. cell viability assays, apoptosis assay, reactive oxygen species analysis, Western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) measurement) were used to demonstrate the effect of sulbutiamine. Sulbutiamine dose-dependently attenuated apoptotic cell death induced by serum deprivation and stimulated GSH and GST activity. Moreover, sulbutiamine decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and AIF. This study demonstrates for the first time that sulbutiamine is able to attenuate trophic factor deprivation induced apoptotic cell death in neuronal cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Dong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oxford Eye Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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