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Lau P, Zhang G, Zhao S, Liang L, Zhang H, Zhou G, Hung MC, Chen X, Liu H. Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes tumor immune evasion by regulating the MTA3-PD-L1 axis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1153-1167. [PMID: 36050478 PMCID: PMC9508236 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) exhibits considerable benefits in malignancies, but its overall response rate is limited. Previous studies have shown that sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) are critical in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but their role in immunotherapy is unclear. We performed integrative analyses including bioinformatics analysis, functional study, and clinical validation to investigate the role of SPHK1 in tumor immunity. Functionally, we demonstrated that the inhibition of SPHK1 significantly suppressed tumor growth by promoting antitumor immunity in immunocompetent melanoma mouse models and tumor T-cell cocultures. A mechanistic analysis revealed that MTA3 functions as the downstream target of SPHK1 in transcriptionally regulating tumor PD-L1. Preclinically, we found that anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment significantly rescued tumor SPHK1 overexpression or tumor MTA3 overexpression-mediated immune evasion. Significantly, we identified SPHK1 and MTA3 as biological markers for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1 mAb therapy in melanoma patients. Our findings revealed a novel role for SPHK1 in tumor evasion mediated by regulating the MTA3-PD-L1 axis, identified SPHK1 and MTA3 as predictors for assessing the efficacy of PD-1 mAb treatment, and provided a therapeutic possibility for the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyee Lau
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Guanxiong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Hailun Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Beijing GAP Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China.
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China.
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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You KS, Yi YW, Cho J, Park JS, Seong YS. Potentiating Therapeutic Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:589. [PMID: 34207383 PMCID: PMC8233743 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer with aggressive characteristics and few therapeutic options. The lack of an appropriate therapeutic target is a challenging issue in treating TNBC. Although a high level expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis among patients with TNBC, targeted anti-EGFR therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy for TNBC treatment in both clinical and preclinical settings. However, with the advantage of a number of clinically approved EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis), combination strategies have been explored as a promising approach to overcome the intrinsic resistance of TNBC to EGFRis. In this review, we analyzed the literature on the combination of EGFRis with other molecularly targeted therapeutics or conventional chemotherapeutics to understand the current knowledge and to provide potential therapeutic options for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
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Wang X, Sun Y, Peng X, Naqvi SMAS, Yang Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen H, Yan H, Wei G, Hong P, Lu Y. The Tumorigenic Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Its Potential Therapeutic Target. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820976664. [PMID: 33317322 PMCID: PMC8480355 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820976664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) regulates cell proliferation and survival by converting sphingosine to the signaling mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SPHK1 is widely overexpressed in most cancers, promoting tumor progression and is associated with clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have explored SPHK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, due to insufficient knowledge of SPHK1 oncogenic mechanisms, its inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer still needs further investigation. In this review, we summarized the metabolic balance regulated by the SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway and highlighted the oncogenic mechanisms of SPHK1 via the upregulation of autophagy, proliferation, and survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Drug candidates targeting SPHK1 were also discussed at the end. This review provides new insights into the oncogenic effect of SPHK1 and sheds light on the future direction for targeting SPHK1 as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Syed Manzar Abbas Shah Naqvi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Meiwen Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyue Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huizi Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Guangliang Wei
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Hong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Lipid metabolic Reprogramming: Role in Melanoma Progression and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113147. [PMID: 33121001 PMCID: PMC7692067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a devastating skin cancer characterized by an impressive metabolic plasticity. Melanoma cells are able to adapt to the tumor microenvironment by using a variety of fuels that contribute to tumor growth and progression. In this review, the authors summarize the contribution of the lipid metabolic network in melanoma plasticity and aggressiveness, with a particular attention to specific lipid classes such as glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and eicosanoids. They also highlight the role of adipose tissue in tumor progression as well as the potential antitumor role of drugs targeting critical steps of lipid metabolic pathways in the context of melanoma. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of melanoma. It is driven both by oncogenic events and the constraints imposed by a nutrient- and oxygen-scarce microenvironment. Among the most prominent metabolic reprogramming features is an increased rate of lipid synthesis. Lipids serve as a source of energy and form the structural foundation of all membranes, but have also emerged as mediators that not only impact classical oncogenic signaling pathways, but also contribute to melanoma progression. Various alterations in fatty acid metabolism have been reported and can contribute to melanoma cell aggressiveness. Elevated expression of the key lipogenic fatty acid synthase is associated with tumor cell invasion and poor prognosis. Fatty acid uptake from the surrounding microenvironment, fatty acid β-oxidation and storage also appear to play an essential role in tumor cell migration. The aim of this review is (i) to focus on the major alterations affecting lipid storage organelles and lipid metabolism. A particular attention has been paid to glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and eicosanoids, (ii) to discuss how these metabolic dysregulations contribute to the phenotype plasticity of melanoma cells and/or melanoma aggressiveness, and (iii) to highlight therapeutic approaches targeting lipid metabolism that could be applicable for melanoma treatment.
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Carrié L, Virazels M, Dufau C, Montfort A, Levade T, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N. New Insights into the Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E1967. [PMID: 32858889 PMCID: PMC7565650 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a deadly skin cancer whose aggressiveness is directly linked to its metastatic potency. Despite remarkable breakthroughs in term of treatments with the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic patients remains uncertain mainly because of resistances. Better understanding the mechanisms responsible for melanoma progression is therefore essential to uncover new therapeutic targets. Interestingly, the sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in melanoma and is associated with melanoma progression and resistance to treatment. This review summarises the impact of the sphingolipid metabolism on melanoma from the initiation to metastatic dissemination with emphasis on melanoma plasticity, immune responses and resistance to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorry Carrié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Mathieu Virazels
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Carine Dufau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Anne Montfort
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Thierry Levade
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
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Ren X, Su C. Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to doxorubicin resistance and glycolysis in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2183-2190. [PMID: 32705189 PMCID: PMC7411368 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies in children and adolescents worldwide. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) has recently been reported to serve a role in OS progression. The present study aimed to investigate the role of SphK1 in the development of chemoresistance and glycolysis in OS cell lines. SphK1 expression levels in OS cell lines (U2OS, MG63 and SaoS2) were analyzed using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A cell survival assay was conducted to determine doxorubicin-resistance in OS cells, and glycolysis was also evaluated. SphK1 expression was increased in the U2OS and SaoS2 cell lines, and both cell lines were more resistant to doxorubicin when compared with the MG63 cell line. SphK1 knockdown or overexpression altered doxorubicin resistance and the viability of OS cell lines. In addition, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression was positively associated with SphK1 expression, and partly mediated SphK1-induced effects on doxorubicin resistance and glycolysis. The present study suggested that SphK1 participated in the development of doxorubicin resistance and contributed to glycolysis in OS cells by regulating HIF-1α expression. However, further studies investigating the application of SphK1 associated therapies for patients with OS are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Su
- Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Magli E, Corvino A, Fiorino F, Frecentese F, Perissutti E, Saccone I, Santagada V, Caliendo G, Severino B. Design of Sphingosine Kinases Inhibitors: Challenges and Recent Developments. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:956-968. [PMID: 30947653 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190404115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is an important lipid mediator with a wide range of biological functions; it is also involved in a variety of diseases such as inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. METHODS This review reports the recent advancement in the research of SphKs inhibitors. Our purpose is also to provide a complete overview useful for underlining the features needed to select a specific pharmacological profile. DISCUSSION Two distinct mammalian SphK isoforms have been identified, SphK1 and SphK2. These isoforms are encoded by different genes and exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, biochemical properties and functions. SphK1 and SphK2 inhibition can be useful in different pathological conditions. CONCLUSION SphK1 and SphK2 have many common features but different and even opposite biological functions. For this reason, several research groups are interested in understanding the therapeutic usefulness of a selective or non-selective inhibitor of SphKs. Moreover, a compensatory mechanism for the two isoforms has been demonstrated, thus leading to the development of dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Magli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Corvino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Perissutti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Saccone
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Santagada
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Severino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang P, Yuan Y, Lin W, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X. Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31807117 PMCID: PMC6857321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent pleiotropic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in numerous cellular processes, including angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is formed by one of two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. These enzymes largely exert their various biological and pathophysiological actions through one of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), with receptor activation setting in motion various signaling cascades. Considerable evidence has been accumulated on S1P signaling and its pathogenic roles in diseases, as well as on novel modulators of S1P signaling, such as SphK inhibitors and S1P agonists and antagonists. S1P and ceramide, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, are reciprocal cell fate regulators, and S1P signaling plays essential roles in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, targeting of S1P signaling may be one way to block the pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in these conditions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates a role for the S1P signaling pathway in the progression of cancer and its effects. In the present review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of S1P and its related proteins in cancer progression. Also described is the therapeutic potential of S1P receptors and their downstream signaling cascades as targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,2Research and Academic Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning China
| | - Wenda Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ke Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xun Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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Garandeau D, Noujarède J, Leclerc J, Imbert C, Garcia V, Bats ML, Rambow F, Gilhodes J, Filleron T, Meyer N, Brayer S, Arcucci S, Tartare-Deckert S, Ségui B, Marine JC, Levade T, Bertolotto C, Andrieu-Abadie N. Targeting the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis Exerts Potent Antitumor Activity in BRAFi-Resistant Melanomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:289-300. [PMID: 30482853 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) are used to treat patients with melanoma harboring the V600E mutation. However, resistance to BRAFi is inevitable. Here, we identified sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors as regulators of BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma cell-autonomous resistance to BRAFi. Moreover, our results reveal a distinct sphingolipid profile, that is, a tendency for increased very long-chain ceramide species, in the plasma of patients with melanoma who achieve a response to BRAFi therapy as compared with patients with progressive disease. Treatment with BRAFi resulted in a strong decrease in S1PR1/3 expression in sensitive but not in resistant cells. Genetic and pharmacologic interventions, that increase ceramide/S1P ratio, downregulated S1PR expression and blocked BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell growth. This effect was associated with a decreased expression of MITF and Bcl-2. Moreover, the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 improved the antitumor activity of approaches targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that targeting the S1P/S1PR axis could provide effective therapeutic options for patients with melanoma who relapse after BRAFi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garandeau
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Noujarède
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Leclerc
- Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Caroline Imbert
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Lise Bats
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julia Gilhodes
- Bureau des essais cliniques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Bureau des essais cliniques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Service de Dermatologie-Oncologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Brayer
- Service de Dermatologie-Oncologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Arcucci
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thierry Levade
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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10
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Zheng X, Li W, Ren L, Liu J, Pang X, Chen X, Kang D, Wang J, Du G. The sphingosine kinase-1/sphingosine-1-phosphate axis in cancer: Potential target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:85-99. [PMID: 30347210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play many important roles in cellular activities. Ceramide and sphingosine inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis while S1P has the opposite effect. Maintaining a metabolic balance of sphingolipids is essential for growth and development of cells. Sphingosine kinase (SPHK) is an important regulator for keeping this balance. It controls the level of S1P and plays important roles in proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis. There are two isoenzymes of sphingosine kinase, SPHK1 and SPHK2. SPHK1 is ubiquitously expressed in most cancers where it promotes survival and proliferation, while SPHK2 is restricted to only certain tissues and its functions are not well characterized. SPHK1 is currently considered as a novel target for the treatment of cancers. Targeting SPHK1 would provide new strategies for cancer treatment and improve the prognosis of cancer patients. Here we review and summarize the current research findings on the SPHK1-S1P axis in cancer from many aspects including structure, expression, regulation, mechanism, and potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - De Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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11
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Jin J, Lu Z, Li Y, Ru JH, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. LPS and palmitate synergistically stimulate sphingosine kinase 1 and increase sphingosine 1 phosphate in RAW264.7 macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:843-853. [PMID: 29882996 PMCID: PMC6162112 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0517-188rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS) have increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis, an oral infection initiated by bacteria and characterized by tissue inflammation and destruction. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we have shown that saturated fatty acid (SFA), which is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes or MetS, and LPS, an important pathogenic factor for periodontitis, synergistically stimulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by increasing ceramide production. However, the mechanisms by which increased ceramide enhances proinflammatory cytokine expression have not been well understood. Since sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) is a metabolite of ceramide and a bioactive lipid, we tested our hypothesis that stimulation of ceramide production by LPS and SFA facilitates S1P production, which contributes to proinflammatory cytokine expression. Results showed that LPS and palmitate, a major SFA, synergistically increased not only ceramide, but also S1P, and stimulated sphingosine kinase (SK) expression and membrane translocation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Results also showed that SK inhibition attenuated the stimulatory effect of LPS and palmitate on IL-6 secretion. Moreover, results showed that S1P enhanced the stimulatory effect of LPS and palmitate on IL-6 secretion. Finally, results showed that targeting S1P receptors using either S1P receptor antagonists or small interfering RNA attenuated IL-6 upregulation by LPS and palmitate. Taken together, this study demonstrated that LPS and palmitate synergistically stimulated S1P production and S1P in turn contributed to the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages by LPS and palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Jin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Ru
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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12
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Ng ML, Yarla NS, Menschikowski M, Sukocheva OA. Regulatory role of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling in progenitor/stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:119-133. [PMID: 30310531 PMCID: PMC6177561 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i9.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced sphingolipid signaling is important for the maintenance of homeostasis. Sphingolipids were demonstrated to function as structural components, second messengers, and regulators of cell growth and survival in normal and disease-affected tissues. Particularly, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) operate as mediators and facilitators of proliferation-linked signaling. Unlimited proliferation (self-renewal) within the regulated environment is a hallmark of progenitor/stem cells that was recently associated with the S1P signaling network in vasculature, nervous, muscular, and immune systems. S1P was shown to regulate progenitor-related characteristics in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs) via G-protein coupled receptors S1Pn (n = 1 to 5). The SphK/S1P axis is crucially involved in the regulation of embryonic development of vasculature and the nervous system, hematopoietic stem cell migration, regeneration of skeletal muscle, and development of multiple sclerosis. The ratio of the S1P receptor expression, localization, and specific S1P receptor-activated downstream effectors influenced the rate of self-renewal and should be further explored as regeneration-related targets. Considering malignant transformation, it is essential to control the level of self-renewal capacity. Proliferation of the progenitor cell should be synchronized with differentiation to provide healthy lifelong function of blood, immune systems, and replacement of damaged or dead cells. The differentiation-related role of SphK/S1P remains poorly assessed. A few pioneering investigations explored pharmacological tools that target sphingolipid signaling and can potentially confine and direct self-renewal towards normal differentiation. Further investigation is required to test the role of the SphK/S1P axis in regulation of self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nagendra S Yarla
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
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Shi W, Zhai C, Feng W, Wang J, Zhu Y, Li S, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Yan X, Chai L, Liu P, Chen Y, Li M. Resveratrol inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling by suppression of SphK1-mediated NF-κB activation. Life Sci 2018; 210:140-149. [PMID: 30179628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inducing pulmonary vascular remodeling and resveratrol suppressing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS monocrotaline (MCT) was used to induce PAH in rats. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) and histological analyses including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the percentage of medial wall thickness (%MT), α-SMA staining and Ki67 staining were performed to evaluate the development of PAH. Protein levels of SphK1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-p65 and cyclin D1 were determined using immunoblotting. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS SphK1 protein level, S1P production, NF-κB activation and cyclin D1 expression were significantly increased in MCT-induced PAH rats. Inhibition of SphK1 by PF543 suppressed S1P synthesis and NF-κB activation and down-regulated cyclin D1 expression in PAH rats. Suppression of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also reduced cyclin D1 expression in PAH model. Treatment of PAH rats with either PF543 or PDTC dramatically decreased RVSP, RVHI and %MT and reduced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation and pulmonary vessel muscularization. In addition, resveratrol effectively inhibited the development of PAH by suppression of SphK1/S1P-mediated NF-κB activation and subsequent cyclin D1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE SphK1/S1P signaling induces the development of PAH by activation of NF-κB and subsequent up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. Resveratrol inhibits the MCT-induced PAH by targeting on SphK1 and reverses the downstream changes of SphK1, indicating that resveratrol might be a therapeutic agent for the prevention of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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14
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Preclinical study of the antitumor effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 antibody (S1PR1-antibody) against human breast cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:57-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Liu Z, He C, Qu Y, Chen X, Zhu H, Xiang B. MiR-659-3p regulates the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia by targeting SPHK1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2470-2478. [PMID: 31938359 PMCID: PMC6958280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) are significant regulators of multiple cellular processes including chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). However, the mechanism of miR-659-3p in CML remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-659-3p in CML progression. We found that miR-659-3p was down-regulated in CML. The upregulation of miR-659-3p significantly suppressed the proliferation ability, and enhanced the apoptosis capacity of K562 cells. Simultaneously, we found that sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) was up-regulated in CML. MiR-659-3p performed its function through downregulating SPHK1 by binding to its untranslated region (3'-UTR). These results suggested that miR-659-3p, acted as a tumor suppressor, decreased the proliferation ability of K562 cells, and increased the apoptosis capacity of K562 cells. Therefore, our study provided a new theoretical basis of miR-659-3p which may be a promising approach for CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinchuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huanling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
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Gowda R, Dinavahi SS, Iyer S, Banerjee S, Neves RI, Pameijer CR, Robertson. GP. Nanoliposomal delivery of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 inhibitor arachidonyl trimethyl ketone for melanoma treatment. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:863-873. [PMID: 29317343 PMCID: PMC5899023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance and toxicity are major limitations of cancer treatment and frequently occurs during melanoma therapy. Nanotechnology can decrease drug resistance by improving drug delivery, with limited toxicity. This study details the development of nanoparticles containing arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK), a cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor, which can inhibit multiple key pathways responsible for the development of recurrent resistant disease. Free ATK is toxic, limiting its efficacy as a therapeutic agent. Hence, a novel nanoliposomal delivery system called NanoATK was developed, which loads 61.7% of the compound and was stable at 4oC for 12 weeks. The formulation decreased toxicity-enabling administration of higher doses, which was more effective at inhibiting melanoma cell growth compared to free-ATK. Mechanistically, NanoATK decreased cellular proliferation and triggered apoptosis to inhibit melanoma xenograft tumor growth without affecting animal weight. Functionally, it inhibited the cPLA2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. Our results suggest the successful preclinical development of a unique nanoliposomal formulation containing ATK for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Saketh S. Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Rogerio I. Neves
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Dermatology and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Colette R. Pameijer
- Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Gavin P. Robertson.
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Pathology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Dermatology and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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Wang S, Liang Y, Chang W, Hu B, Zhang Y. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Depends on Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1)/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P)/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 3 (S1PR3)/Notch Signaling for Metastasis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1912-1923. [PMID: 29605826 PMCID: PMC5894569 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a more aggressive recurrence. Previous reports have demonstrated that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is a crucial regulator of breast cancer progression. However, the correlation of SphK1 with clinical prognosis has been poorly investigated. Thus, we aimed to elaborate the role of SphK1 in TNBC metastasis. Material/Methods We first determined the level of SphK1 in breast cancer tissue samples and breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of HER2 and phosphor-SphK1 (pSphK1) in human breast cancer tissue samples was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Associations between SphK1 and clinical parameters of tumors were analyzed. The activity of SphK1 was measured by fluorescence analysis. Extracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was detected using an ELISA kit. Associations between SphK1 and metastasis potential were analyzed by Transwell assay. Results Levels of SphK1 in TNBC patients were significantly higher than levels in other patients with other breast tumors. The expression of SphK1 was positively correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as poor response to 5-FU and doxorubicin. The depression of SphK1 thus could repress the Notch signaling pathway, reduce migration, and invasion of TNBC cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, silencing of SphK1 by Ad-SPHK1-siRNA or SphK1 inhibitor PF543 sensitized TNBCs to 5-FU and doxorubicin. Our results also indicated that SphK1 inhibition could effectively counteracts tumors metastasis via Notch signaling pathways, indicating a potentially anti-tumor strategy in TNBC. Conclusions We found that elevated levels of pSphK1 were positive correlation with high expression of S1P, which in turn promoted metastasis of TNBC through S1P/S1PR3/Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Wenxiao Chang
- Outpatient Department of Stomatology, Shan Xi Da Yi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Baoquan Hu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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18
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Gowda R, Inamdar GS, Kuzu O, Dinavahi SS, Krzeminski J, Battu MB, Voleti SR, Amin S, Robertson GP. Identifying the structure-activity relationship of leelamine necessary for inhibiting intracellular cholesterol transport. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28260-28277. [PMID: 28423677 PMCID: PMC5438648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leelamine is an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent inhibiting intracellular cholesterol transport. Cell death mediated by leelamine occurs due to the lysosomotropic property of the compound, its accumulation in the lysosome, and inhibition of cholesterol transport leading to lack of availability for key processes required for functioning of cancer cells. The present study dissects the structure-activity-relationship of leelamine using synthesized derivatives of leelamine and abietic acid, a structurally similar compound, to identify the moiety responsible for anti-cancer activity. Similar to leelamine, all active derivatives had an amino group or a similar moiety that confers a lysosomotropic property to the compound enabling its accumulation in the lysosome. Active derivatives inhibited intracellular cholesterol transport and hindered xenografted melanoma tumor development without obvious systemic toxicity. In silico studies suggested that active derivatives accumulating in lysosomes bound to NPC1, a protein responsible for cholesterol export from the lysosome, to inhibit its activity that then caused accumulation, and lack of cholesterol availability for other key cellular activities. Thus, active derivatives of leelamine or abietic acid maintained lysosomotropic properties, bound to NPC1, and disrupted cellular cholesterol transport as well as availability to retard tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gajanan S Inamdar
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Omer Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Saketh S Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Madhu Babu Battu
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, INDRAS Private Limited, Hyderabad, India 500040
| | - Sreedhara R Voleti
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, INDRAS Private Limited, Hyderabad, India 500040
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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19
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Chen YC, Gowda R, Newswanger RK, Leibich P, Fell B, Rosenberg G, Robertson GP. Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:541-552. [PMID: 28685959 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent breakthroughs in targeted- and immune-based therapies, rapid development of drug resistance remains a hurdle for the long-term treatment of patients with melanoma. Targeting metastatically spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an additional approach to manage melanoma. This study investigates whether targeting cholesterol transport in melanoma CTCs can retard metastasis development. Nanolipolee-007, the liposomal form of leelamine, reduced melanoma metastasis in both a novel in vitro flow system mimicking the circulating system and in experimental as well as spontaneous animal metastasis models, irrespective of the BRAF mutational status of the CTCs. Leelamine led to cholesterol trapping in lysosomes, which subsequently shut down receptor-mediated endocytosis, endosome trafficking, and inhibited the major oncogenic signaling cascades important for survival such as the AKT pathway. As pAKT is important in CTC survival, inhibition by targeting cholesterol metabolism led to apoptosis, suggesting this approach might be particularly effective for those CTCs having high levels of pAKT to aid survival in the circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raymond K Newswanger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Leibich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Barry Fell
- Thermoplastic Products Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | - Gerson Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Hershey Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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20
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Kuzu OF, Gowda R, Sharma A, Noory MA, Dinavahi SS, Kardos G, Drabick JJ, Robertson GP. Improving pharmacological targeting of AKT in melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 404:29-36. [PMID: 28705772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting AKT with pharmacological agents inhibiting this protein in the melanoma clinic is ineffective. This is a major contradiction considering the substantial preclinical data suggesting AKT as an effective target. Various approaches have been undertaken to unravel this contradiction and drug combinations sought that could resolve this concern. We have shown that genetic targeting AKT3 or WEE1 can be effective for inhibiting tumor growth in preclinical animal models. However, no one has examined whether combining pharmacological agents targeting each of these enzymes could be more effective than inhibiting each alone and enhance the efficacy of targeting AKT in melanoma. This report shows that combining the AKT inhibitors (AZD5363 or MK1775) with the WEE1 inhibitor, AZD5363, can synergistically kill cultured melanoma cells and decrease melanoma tumor growth by greater than 90%. Co-targeting AKT and WEE1 led to enhanced deregulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathways by modulating the transcription factors p53 and FOXM1, as well as the proteins whose expression is regulated by these two proteins. Thus, this study identifies a unique combination of pharmacological agents and the ratio needed for efficacy that could be used to potentially improve the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting AKT in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; The Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mohammad A Noory
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Saketh S Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gregory Kardos
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joseph J Drabick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; The Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; The Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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21
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Dany M. Sphingosine metabolism as a therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma. Transl Res 2017; 185:1-12. [PMID: 28528915 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is by far the most aggressive type of skin cancer with a poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Understanding the mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis, response, and resistance to treatment has gained a lot of attention worldwide. Recently, the role of sphingolipid metabolism has been studied in cutaneous melanoma. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipid effector molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways such as inflammation, cancer cell proliferation, death, senescence, and metastasis. Recent studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism impacts melanoma pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target. This review focuses on defining the role of sphingolipid metabolism in melanoma carcinogenesis, discussing sphingolipid-based therapeutic approaches, and highlighting the areas that require more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dany
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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22
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Hatoum D, Haddadi N, Lin Y, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. Mammalian sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes and isoform expression: challenges for SphK as an oncotarget. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36898-36929. [PMID: 28415564 PMCID: PMC5482707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The various sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes (isozymes) and isoforms, key players in normal cellular physiology, are strongly implicated in cancer and other diseases. Mutations in SphKs, that may justify abnormal physiological function, have not been recorded. Nonetheless, there is a large and growing body of evidence demonstrating the contribution of gain or loss of function and the imbalance in the SphK/S1P rheostat to a plethora of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. SphK is expressed as two isozymes SphK1 and SphK2, transcribed from genes located on different chromosomes and both isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Expression of each SphK isozyme produces alternately spliced isoforms. In recent years the importance of the contribution of SpK1 expression to treatment resistance in cancer has been highlighted and, additionally, differences in treatment outcome appear to also be dependent upon SphK isoform expression. This review focuses on an exciting emerging area of research involving SphKs functions, expression and subcellular localization, highlighting the complexity of targeting SphK in cancer and also comorbid diseases. This review also covers the SphK isoenzymes and isoforms from a historical perspective, from their first discovery in murine species and then in humans, their role(s) in normal cellular function and in disease processes, to advancement of SphK as an oncotarget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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23
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Gao M, Chang Y, Wang X, Ban C, Zhang F. Reduction of COX-2 through modulating miR-124/SPHK1 axis contributes to the antimetastatic effect of alpinumisoflavone in melanoma. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:986-998. [PMID: 28386327 PMCID: PMC5375992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alpinumisoflavone (AIF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is a major bioactive component of the medicinal plant Derris eriocarpa. In this study we evaluated the antimetastatic effect of AIF and investigated the underlying mechanism of action using in vitro and in vivo models of melanoma. We found that AIF impaired the metastatic potential of A375 and SK-MEL-1 human melanoma cells by promoting cell differentiation as assessed by melanin content, protoporphyrin IX accumulation, and tissue transglutaminase activity. In addition, AIF inhibited cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in melanoma cells. We found that AIF treatment decreased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and COX-2 overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of AIF on the metastatic behaviors of melanoma cells. AIF dose-dependently increased microRNA-124 (miR-124) levels and decreased levels of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), a target of miR-124. In a mouse model of melanoma, AIF suppressed lung metastasis. Taken together, our findings suggest that AIF inhibits metastasis in melanoma by modulating COX-2 expression, at least in part, through targeting the miR-124/SphK1 axis. Our study provides evidence that AIF may be useful as an antimetastatic agent in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xiuyong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Chao Ban
- Department of Dermatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
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24
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Thieme M, Zillikens D, Sadik CD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators in inflammatory skin diseases - lining up for clinical translation. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:206-210. [PMID: 27574180 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive lysophospholipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is best known for its activity as T-cell-active chemoattractant regulating the egress of T cells from the lymph node and, consequently, the availability of T cells for migration into peripheral tissues. This physiological role of S1P is exploited by the drug fingolimod, a first-line therapy for multiple sclerosis, which "detains" T cells in the lymph nodes. In recent year, it has been elucidated that S1P exerts regulatory functions far beyond T-cell egress from the lymph node. Thus, it additionally regulates, among others, homing of several immune cell populations into peripheral tissues under inflammatory conditions. In addition, evidence, mostly derived from mouse models, has accumulated that S1P may be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin disorder and that S1P receptor modulators applied topically are effective in treating skin diseases. These recent developments highlight the pharmacological modulation of the S1P/S1P receptor system as a potential new therapeutic strategy for a plethora of inflammatory skin diseases. The impact of S1P receptor modulation on inflammatory skin diseases next requires testing in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thieme
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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25
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Madhunapantula SV, Robertson GP. Targeting protein kinase-b3 (akt3) signaling in melanoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:273-290. [PMID: 28064546 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulated Akt activity leading to apoptosis inhibition, enhanced proliferation and drug resistance has been shown to be responsible for 35-70% of advanced metastatic melanomas. Of the three isoforms, the majority of melanomas have elevated Akt3 expression and activity. Hence, potent inhibitors targeting Akt are urgently required, which is possible only if (a) the factors responsible for the failure of Akt inhibitors in clinical trials is known; and (b) the information pertaining to synergistically acting targeted therapeutics is available. Areas covered: This review provides a brief introduction of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and its role in melanoma development. In addition, the functional role of key Akt pathway members such as PRAS40, GSK3 kinases, WEE1 kinase in melanoma development are discussed together with strategies to modulate these targets. Efficacy and safety of Akt inhibitors is also discussed. Finally, the mechanism(s) through which Akt leads to drug resistance is discussed in this expert opinion review. Expert opinion: Even though Akt play key roles in melanoma tumor progression, cell survival and drug resistance, many gaps still exist that require further understanding of Akt functions, especially in the (a) metastatic spread; (b) circulating melanoma cells survival; and
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Affiliation(s)
- SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- a Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry , JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (Accredited 'A' Grade by NAAC and Ranked 35 by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)-2015, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India) , Mysuru , India
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- b Department of Pharmacology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,c Department of Pathology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,d Department of Dermatology , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,e Department of Surgery , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,f The Melanoma Center , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA.,g The Melanoma Therapeutics Program , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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26
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Gowda R, Kardos G, Sharma A, Singh S, Robertson GP. Nanoparticle-Based Celecoxib and Plumbagin for the Synergistic Treatment of Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:440-452. [PMID: 28003325 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using multiple drugs to kill cancer cells can decrease drug resistance development. However, this approach is frequently limited by the bioavailability and toxicity of the combined agents and delivery at ratios to specific locations that synergistically kill cancer cells. Loading the individual agents into a nanoparticle that releases the drugs at synergizing ratios at a single location is one approach to resolve this concern. Celecoxib and plumbagin are two drugs that were identified from a screen to synergistically kill melanoma cells compared with normal cells. Combined use of these agents by traditional approaches was not possible due to poor bioavailability and toxicologic concerns. This study details the development of a nanoliposomal-based agent containing celecoxib and plumbagin, called CelePlum-777, which is stable and releases these drugs at an optimal ratio for maximal synergistic killing efficacy. CelePlum-777 was more effective at killing melanoma than normal cells and inhibited xenograft melanoma tumor growth by up to 72% without apparent toxicity. Mechanistically, the drug combination in CelePlum-777 led to enhanced inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation mediated by decreasing levels of key cyclins important for cancer cell proliferation and survival, which was not observed with the individual agents. Thus, a novel nanoparticle-based drug has been developed containing celecoxib and plumbagin that lacks toxicity and delivers the agents at a synergistically killing drug ratio to kill cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 440-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory Kardos
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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27
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Gowda R, Sharma A, Robertson GP. Synergistic inhibitory effects of Celecoxib and Plumbagin on melanoma tumor growth. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:243-250. [PMID: 27769779 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly drug resistant cancer. To circumvent this problem, a class of synergistically acting drug combinations, which inhibit multiple key pathways in melanoma cells, could be used as one approach for long-term treatment of this deadly disease. A screen has been undertaken on cell lines to identify those that could be combined to synergistically kill melanoma cells. Plumbagin and Celecoxib are two agents that were identified to synergistically kill melanoma cells by inhibiting the COX-2 and STAT3 pathways, which are constitutively activated in up to 70% of melanomas. The combination of these two drugs was more effective at killing melanoma cells than normal cells and decreased cellular proliferation as well as induced apoptosis of cultured cells. The drug combination inhibited development of xenograft melanoma tumors by up to 63% without affecting animal weight or blood biomarkers of organ function, suggesting negligible toxicity. Mechanistically, combination of Celecoxib and Plumbagin decreased melanoma cell proliferation and retarded vascular development of tumors mediated by inhibition of COX-2 and STAT3 leading to decreased levels of key cyclins key on which melanoma cell were dependent for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states.
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28
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Rodriguez YI, Campos LE, Castro MG, Aladhami A, Oskeritzian CA, Alvarez SE. Sphingosine-1 Phosphate: A New Modulator of Immune Plasticity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2016; 6:218. [PMID: 27800303 PMCID: PMC5066089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, increasing evidences demonstrate a strong link between sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and both normal physiology and progression of different diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Indeed, numerous studies show that tissue levels of this sphingolipid metabolite are augmented in many cancers, affecting survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Recent insights into the possible role of S1P as a therapeutic target has attracted enormous attention and opened new opportunities in this evolving field. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in cancer, with particular emphasis in new developments that highlight the many functions of this sphingolipid in the tumor microenvironment. We will discuss how S1P modulates phenotypic plasticity of macrophages and mast cells, tumor-induced immune evasion, differentiation and survival of immune cells in the tumor milieu, interaction between cancer and stromal cells, and hypoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila I Rodriguez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ludmila E Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Melina G Castro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ahmed Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Sergio E Alvarez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET, San Luis, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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29
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Pitman MR, Costabile M, Pitson SM. Recent advances in the development of sphingosine kinase inhibitors. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1349-1363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Barui S, Saha S, Yakati V, Chaudhuri A. Systemic Codelivery of a Homoserine Derived Ceramide Analogue and Curcumin to Tumor Vasculature Inhibits Mouse Tumor Growth. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:404-19. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Barui
- Biomaterials
Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Soumen Saha
- Biomaterials
Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Venu Yakati
- Biomaterials
Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Arabinda Chaudhuri
- Biomaterials
Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
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31
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Dick TE, Hengst JA, Fox TE, Colledge AL, Kale VP, Sung SS, Sharma A, Amin S, Loughran TP, Kester M, Wang HG, Yun JK. The apoptotic mechanism of action of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor SKI-178 in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 352:494-508. [PMID: 25563902 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed SKI-178 (N'-[(1E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-3-(4-methoxxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide) as a novel sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) selective inhibitor and, herein, sought to determine the mechanism-of-action of SKI-178-induced cell death. Using human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines as a model, we present evidence that SKI-178 induces prolonged mitosis followed by apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Further examination of the mechanism of action of SKI-178 implicated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1) as critical factors required for SKI-178-induced apoptosis. In cell cycle synchronized human AML cell lines, we demonstrate that entry into mitosis is required for apoptotic induction by SKI-178 and that CDK1, not JNK, is required for SKI-178-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrate that the sustained activation of CDK1 during prolonged mitosis, mediated by SKI-178, leads to the simultaneous phosphorylation of the prosurvival Bcl-2 family members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, as well as the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of Mcl-1. Moreover, multidrug resistance mediated by multidrug-resistant protein1 and/or prosurvival Bcl-2 family member overexpression did not affect the sensitivity of AML cells to SKI-178. Taken together, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SKI-178 targeting SphK1 as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of AML, including multidrug-resistant/recurrent AML subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Dick
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeremy A Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashley L Colledge
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Vijay P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shen-Shu Sung
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jong K Yun
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Tay KH, Liu X, Chi M, Jin L, Jiang CC, Guo ST, Verrills NM, Tseng HY, Zhang XD. Involvement of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in killing of human melanoma cells by the sphingosine kinase analogue FTY720. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:171-83. [PMID: 25358761 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling axis is emerging as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. However, the effect of such an approach on survival of human melanoma cells remains less understood. Here, we show that the sphingosine analogue FTY720 that functionally antagonises S1PRs kills human melanoma cells through a mechanism involving the vacuolar H(+) -ATPase activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that FTY720-triggered cell death is characterized by features of necrosis and is not dependent on receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 or lysosome cathepsins, nor was it associated with the activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Instead, it is mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen species and is antagonized by activation of autophagy. Collectively, these results suggest that FTY720 and its analogues are promising candidates for further development as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hong Tay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Gowda R, Madhunapantula SV, Sharma A, Kuzu OF, Robertson GP. Nanolipolee-007, a novel nanoparticle-based drug containing leelamine for the treatment of melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2328-40. [PMID: 25082958 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a difficult cancer to treat due to the rapid development of resistance to drugs targeting single proteins. One response to this observation is to identify single pharmacologic agents that, due to a unique mechanism of action, simultaneously target multiple key pathways involved in melanoma development. Leelamine has been identified as functioning in this manner but has poor bioavailability in animals and causes lethality when administered intravenously. Therefore, a nanoliposomal-based delivery system has been developed, called Nanolipolee-007, which stably loads 60% of the compound. The nanoparticle was as effective at killing melanoma cells as leelamine dissolved in DMSO and was more effective at killing cultured melanoma compared with normal cells. Mechanistically, Nanolipolee-007 inhibited PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and MAPK signaling mediated through inhibition of cholesterol transport. Nanolipolee-007 inhibited the growth of preexisting xenografted melanoma tumors by an average of 64% by decreasing cellular proliferation, reducing tumor vascularization, and increasing cellular apoptosis, with negligible toxicity. Thus, a unique clinically viable nanoparticle-based drug has been developed containing leelamine for the treatment of melanoma that acts by inhibiting the activity of major signaling pathways regulating the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Omer F Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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MicroRNA-363-mediated downregulation of S1PR1 suppresses the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1347-54. [PMID: 24631531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
S1PR1 plays a crucial role in promoting proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over expression of S1PR1 is observed in HCC cell lines. The mechanisms underlying the aberrant expression of S1PR1 are not known well. MircroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression and disproportionate microRNAs can result in dysregulation of oncogenes in cancer cells. In this study, we found that miR-363, a potential tumor suppressor microRNA, downregulated the expression of S1PR1 and inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis predicted a putative binding site of miR-363 within the 3'-UTR of S1PR1 mRNA. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-363 directly targeted the 3'-UTR of S1PR1 mRNA. Transfection of miR-363 mimics suppressed S1PR1 expression in HCC cells, followed by the repression of the activation of ERK and STAT3. Moreover, we found that the expression of downstream genes of ERK and STAT3, including PDGF-A, PDGF-B, MCL-1 and Bcl-xL, was suppressed after miR-363 transfection. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that miR-363 was a negative regulator of S1PR1 expression in HCC cells and inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting that the miR-363/S1PR1 pathway might be a novel target for the treatment of HCC.
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Martin JL, de Silva HC, Lin MZ, Scott CD, Baxter RC. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 signaling through sphingosine kinase-1 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to EGF receptor blockade. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:316-28. [PMID: 24337110 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The type I EGF receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a particularly aggressive disease that cannot be treated with conventional therapies targeting the estrogen or progesterone receptors (ER and PR), or HER2. We have shown previously in normal breast epithelial cells that IGFBP-3 potentiates growth-stimulatory signaling transduced by EGFR, and this is mediated by the sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) system. In this study, we investigated whether cotargeting the EGFR and SphK1/S1P pathways in TNBC cells results in greater growth inhibition compared with blocking either alone, and might therefore have novel therapeutic potential in TNBC. In four TNBC cell lines, exogenous IGFBP-3 enhanced ligand-stimulated EGFR activation, associated with increased SphK1 localization to the plasma membrane. The effect of exogenous IGFBP-3 on EGFR activation was blocked by pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA-mediated silencing of SphK1, and silencing of endogenous IGFBP-3 also suppressed EGF-stimulated EGFR activation. Real-time analysis of cell proliferation revealed a combined effect of EGFR inhibition by gefitinib and SphK1 inhibition using SKi-II. Growth of MDA-MB-468 xenograft tumors in mice was significantly inhibited by SKi-II and gefitinib when used in combination, but not as single agents. We conclude that IGFBP-3 promotes growth of TNBC cells by increasing EGFR signaling, that this is mediated by SphK1, and that combined inhibition of EGFR and SphK1 has potential as an anticancer therapy in TNBC in which EGFR and IGFBP-3 expression is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Martin
- Corresponding Author: Janet L. Martin, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Di W. MiR-124 inhibits the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by targeting SphK1. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:84. [PMID: 24279510 PMCID: PMC3879084 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still a major gynecologic problem with poor 5 year survival rate due to distance metastases, despite routine surgery and chemotherapy. The precise underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger EOC migration and invasion are unclear. Recent studies suggest that the expression of microRNAs is widely dysregulated in ovarian cancer; and that they have evolved into tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and motility. METHODS The expression of miR-124 was assessed in clinical ovarian cancer specimens and cell lines using miRNA qRTPCR. The function of miR-124 on cell migration and invasion was confirmed in vitro through wound healing assay and transwell assay. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm target associations. RESULTS We showed that miR-124 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer specimens as well as in cell lines; and that low-level expression of miR-124 is much lower in highly metastatic ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Meantime, overexpression of miR-124 dramatically inhibits the motility of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and substantially suppresses the protein expression of SphK1, reported as an invasion and metastasis-related gene in human cancers, whose expression is markedly increased in both ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical samples, particularly in two highly metastasis cells, SKOV3-ip and HO8910pm as well as metastatic ovarian tumor tissues. Furthermore, SphK1 is identified as a direct target of miR-124, and knock-down of SphK1 in ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3-ip and HO8910pm, could mimic the inhibition of migration and invasion by miR-124, while re-introduction of SphK1 abrogates the suppression of motility and invasiveness induced by miR-124 in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest a protective role of miR-124 in inhibition of migration and invasion in the molecular etiology of ovarian cancer, and a potentially novel application of miR-124 in the regulation of migration and invasion in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Madhunapantula SV, Sharma A, Gowda R, Robertson GP. Identification of glycogen synthase kinase 3α as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:886-99. [PMID: 24034838 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated expression or activity of kinases can lead to melanomas, but often the particular kinase isoform causing the effect is not well established, making identification and validation of different isoforms regulating disease development especially important. To accomplish this objective, an siRNA screen was undertaken that which identified glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK3α) as an important melanoma growth regulator. Melanocytes and melanoma cell lines representing various stages of melanoma tumor progression expressed both GSK3α and GSK3β, but analysis of tumors in patients with melanoma showed elevated expression of GSK3α in 72% of samples, which was not observed for GSK3β. Furthermore, 80% of tumors in patients with melanoma expressed elevated levels of catalytically active phosphorylated GSK3α (pGSK3αY279), but not phosphorylated GSK3β (pGSK3βY216). siRNA-mediated reduction in GSK3α protein levels reduced melanoma cell survival and proliferation, sensitized cells to apoptosis-inducing agents and decreased xenografted tumor development by up to 56%. Mechanistically, inhibiting GSK3α expression using siRNA or the pharmacological agent AR-A014418 arrested melanoma cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced apoptotic death to retard tumorigenesis. Therefore, GSK3α is a key therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Dual role of sphingosine kinase-1 in promoting the differentiation of dermal fibroblasts and the dissemination of melanoma cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:3364-73. [PMID: 23893239 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in the understanding of the biology and genetics of melanoma, no effective treatment against this cancer is available. The adjacent microenvironment has an important role in melanoma progression. Defining the molecular signals that control the bidirectional dialog between malignant cells and the surrounding stroma is crucial for efficient targeted therapy. Our study aimed at defining the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in melanoma-stroma interactions. Transcriptomic analysis of human melanoma cell lines showed increased expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1), the enzyme that produces S1P, as compared with normal melanocytes. Such an increase was also observed by immunohistochemistry in melanoma specimens as compared with nevi, and occurred downstream of ERK activation because of BRAF or NRAS mutations. Importantly, migration of melanoma cells was not affected by changes in SPHK1 activity in tumor cells, but was stimulated by comparable modifications of S1P-metabolizing enzymes in cocultured dermal fibroblasts. Reciprocally, incubation of fibroblasts with the conditioned medium from SPHK1-expressing melanoma cells resulted in their differentiation to myofibroblasts, increased production of matrix metalloproteinases and enhanced SPHK1 expression and activity. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that the lack of S1P in the microenvironment prevented the development of orthotopically injected melanoma cells. Finally, local tumor growth and dissemination were enhanced more efficiently by coinjection of wild-type skin fibroblasts than by fibroblasts from Sphk1(-/-) mice. This report is the first to document that SPHK1/S1P modulates the communication between melanoma cells and dermal fibroblasts. Altogether, our findings highlight SPHK1 as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma progression.
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Sphingolipids: a potential molecular approach to treat allergic inflammation. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:154174. [PMID: 23316248 PMCID: PMC3536436 DOI: 10.1155/2012/154174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is an immune response to foreign antigens, which begins within minutes of exposure to the allergen followed by a late phase leading to chronic inflammation. Prolonged allergic inflammation manifests in diseases such as urticaria and rhino-conjunctivitis, as well as chronic asthma and life-threatening anaphylaxis. The prevalence of allergic diseases is profound with 25% of the worldwide population affected and a rising trend across all ages, gender, and racial groups. The identification and avoidance of allergens can manage this disease, but this is not always possible with triggers being common foods, prevalent air-borne particles and only extremely low levels of allergen exposure required for sensitization. Patients who are sensitive to multiple allergens require prophylactic and symptomatic treatments. Current treatments are often suboptimal and associated with adverse effects, such as the interruption of cognition, sleep cycles, and endocrine homeostasis, all of which affect quality of life and are a financial burden to society. Clearly, a better therapeutic approach for allergic diseases is required. Herein, we review the current knowledge of allergic inflammation and discuss the role of sphingolipids as potential targets to regulate inflammatory development in vivo and in humans. We also discuss the benefits and risks of using sphingolipid inhibitors.
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Gowda R, Madhunapantula SV, Desai D, Amin S, Robertson GP. Simultaneous targeting of COX-2 and AKT using selenocoxib-1-GSH to inhibit melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 12:3-15. [PMID: 23112250 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic and deadly disease. An agent simultaneously targeting the COX-2, PI3K/Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that are deregulated in up to 70% of sporadic melanomas might be an effective treatment, but no agent of this type exists. To develop a single drug inhibiting COX-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling (and increasing MAPK pathway activity to inhibitory levels as a result of Akt inhibition), a selenium-containing glutathione (GSH) analogue of celecoxib, called selenocoxib-1-GSH was synthesized. It killed melanoma cells with an average IC(50) of 7.66 μmol/L compared with control celecoxib at 55.6 μmol/L. The IC(50) range for normal cells was 36.3 to 41.2 μmol/L compared with 7.66 μmol/L for cancer cells. Selenocoxib-1-GSH reduced development of xenografted tumor by approximately 70% with negligible toxicity by targeting COX-2, like celecoxib, and having novel inhibitory properties by acting as a PI3K/Akt inhibitor (and MAPK pathway activator to inhibitory levels due to Akt inhibition). The consequence of this inhibitory activity was an approximately 80% decrease in cultured cell proliferation and an approximately 200% increase in apoptosis following 24-hour treatment with 15.5 μmol/L of drug. Thus, this study details the development of selenocoxib-1-GSH, which is a nontoxic agent that targets the COX-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in melanomas to inhibit tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Yang YL, Ji C, Cheng L, He L, Lu CC, Wang R, Bi ZG. Sphingosine kinase-1 inhibition sensitizes curcumin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1538-45. [PMID: 22594559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent published studies suggest that increasing levels of ceramides enhance the chemo-sensitivity of curcumin. Using in vitro approaches, we analyzed the impact of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1) inhibition on ceramide production, and evaluated SphK1 inhibitor II (SKI-II) as a potential curcumin chemo-sensitizer in ovarian cancer cells. We found that SphK1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer patients' tumor tissues and in cultured ovarian cancer cell lines. Inhibition of SphK1 by SKI-II or by RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown dramatically enhanced curcumin-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cells. SKI-II facilitated curcumin-induced ceramide production, p38 activation and Akt inhibition. Inhibition of p38 by the pharmacological inhibitor (SB 203580), a dominant-negative expression vector, or by RNAi diminished curcumin and SKI-II co-administration-induced ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, restoring Akt activation introducing a constitutively active Akt, or inhibiting ceramide production by fumonisin B1 also inhibited the curcumin plus SKI-II co-administration-induced in vitro anti-ovarian cancer effect, suggesting that ceramide accumulation, p38 activation and Akt inhibition are downstream effectors. Our findings suggest that low, well-tolerated doses of SKI-II may offer significant improvement to the clinical curcumin treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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42
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Gowda R, Madhunapantula SV, Desai D, Amin S, Robertson GP. Selenium-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors for melanoma management. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:756-65. [PMID: 22669577 PMCID: PMC3399702 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma incidence and mortality rates continue to increase each year. Lack of clinically viable agents, drug combinations, effective targeted delivery approaches and success inhibiting targets in tumor tissue have made this disease one of the most difficult to treat, which makes prevention an important option for decreasing disease incidence and mortality rates. Inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC) is an approach currently being explored to more effectively treat melanoma but use for prevention has not been explored. In this study, novel selenium containing derivatives of the FDA approved HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) called 5-phenylcarbamoylpentyl selenocyanide (PCP-SeCN) and Bis{5-phenylcarbamoylpentyl} diselenide (B(PCP)-2Se) were created and efficacy tested for preventing early melanocytic lesion development in skin. Topical application of PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se inhibited melanocytic lesion development in laboratory-generated skin by up to 87% with negligible toxicological effect. Mechanistically, PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se inhibited HDAC activity and had new inhibitory properties by moderating Akt activity to induce cellular apoptosis as demonstrated by an increase in the sub-G₀-G₁ cell population, and cleaved caspase-3 as well as PARP levels. Furthermore, PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se inhibited cell proliferation by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and increasing p21 levels. Thus, PCP-SeCN and B(PCP)-2Se are potential melanoma chemopreventive agents with enhanced efficacy compared with SAHA due to new PI3 kinase pathway inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Penn State Melanoma Center; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Penn State Melanoma Center; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
| | - Gavin P. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Pathology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Deparment of Dermatology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Surgery; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Penn State Melanoma Center; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
- Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
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