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Bi C, Shao Z, Li J, Weng C. Identification of novel epitopes targeting non-structural protein 2 of PRRSV using monoclonal antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2689-2699. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jiang N, Jin H, Li Y, Ge X, Han J, Guo X, Zhou L, Yang H. Identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope in nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that are conserved in both genotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188946. [PMID: 29186182 PMCID: PMC5706702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important pathogens, that hinder the development of global pork industry. Its nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11), with the nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain, is essential for PRRSV genome replication and it also contributes to host innate immunity suppression. However, the immunogenicity and immune structure of PRRSV nsp11 have not been well investigated yet. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated 3F9, that against nsp11 was generated. Subsequently, a series of partially overlapped fragments, covered the nsp1140-223aa, were expressed to test the reactivity with mAb 3F9, and the 111DCREY115 was found to be the core unit of the B-cell epitope recognized by mAb 3F9. Further investigation indicated that both genotype 1 and genotype 2 PRRSV can be recognized by mAb 3F9, due to the 111DCREY115 is conserved in both genotype virus. Meanwhile, this epitope, localized at the surface of nsp11 in 3D structure, is confirmed to be able to induce humoral immune response in PRRSV infected pigs. These findings do not only provide an mAb tool to further investigate the function of nsp11, they also indicate the diagnostic potential for this epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Moutelíková R, Dufková L, Kamler J, Drimaj J, Plhal R, Prodělalová J. Epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the Czech Republic: First evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus A strains. Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:28-35. [PMID: 27599927 PMCID: PMC7117292 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of enteric RNA-viruses in free-living wild boars was studied. Most frequent were teschovirus A, sapelovirus A, RVC; less prevalent RVA and EV-G. No PRRSV or members of family Coronaviridae were detected. We found close relationship between wild boar and domestic pig or human RVA strains.
Population of wild boar is increasing in the whole Europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. The aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the Czech Republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups A and C (RVA and RVC), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and members of family Coronaviridae (transmissible gastroenteritis virus – TGEV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus − PEDV, porcine respiratory coronavirus – PRCV, and porcine hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus – PHEV) and Picornaviridae,(teschovirus A – PTV, sapelovirus A – PSV, and enterovirus G – EV-G). In our study, stool samples from 203 wild boars culled during hunting season 2014–2015 (from October to January) were examined by RT-PCR. RVA was detected in 2.5% of tested samples. Nucleotide analysis of VP7, VP4, and VP6 genes revealed that four RVA strains belong to G4P[25]I1, G4P[6]I5, G11P[13]I5, and G5P[13]I5 genotypes and phylogenetic analysis suggested close relation to porcine and human RVAs. The prevalence of RVC in wild boar population reached 12.8%, PTV was detected in 20.2%, PSV in 8.9%, and EV-G in 2.5% of samples. During our study no PRRSV or coronaviruses were detected. Our study provides the first evidence of RVC prevalence in wild boars and indicates that wild boars might contribute to the genetic variability of RVA and also serve as an important reservoir of other enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Moutelíková
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Dufková
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Kamler
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Drimaj
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Plhal
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Prodělalová
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Perez AM, Davies PR, Goodell CK, Holtkamp DJ, Mondaca-Fernández E, Poljak Z, Tousignant SJ, Valdes-Donoso P, Zimmerman JJ, Morrison RB. Lessons learned and knowledge gaps about the epidemiology and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in North America. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 246:1304-17. [PMID: 26043128 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.12.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Salguero FJ, Frossard JP, Rebel JMJ, Stadejek T, Morgan SB, Graham SP, Steinbach F. Host-pathogen interactions during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 infection of piglets. Virus Res 2015; 202:135-43. [PMID: 25559070 PMCID: PMC7172408 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a major disease affecting pigs worldwide and resulting in considerable economic losses. While PRRS is a global phenomenon, the causative viruses PRRSV-1 (first detected in Europe) and PRRSV-2 (isolated in North America) are genetically and biologically distinct. In addition, the disease outcome is directly linked to co-infections associated with the porcine respiratory disease complex and the host response is variable between different breeds of pigs. It is therefore warranted when studying the pathogenesis of PRRS to consider each viral genotype separately and apply careful consideration to the disease model studied. We here review the respiratory pig model for PRRSV-1, with a focus on a recent set of studies conducted with carefully selected virus strains and pigs, which may serve as both a baseline and benchmark for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salguero
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Frossard
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom.
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life, Poland
| | - Sophie B Morgan
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Graham
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Morgan SB, Frossard JP, Pallares FJ, Gough J, Stadejek T, Graham SP, Steinbach F, Drew TW, Salguero FJ. Pathology and Virus Distribution in the Lung and Lymphoid Tissues of Pigs Experimentally Inoculated with Three Distinct Type 1 PRRS Virus Isolates of Varying Pathogenicity. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:285-95. [PMID: 25382098 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) continues to be the most economically important disease of swine worldwide. The appearance of highly pathogenic PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains in Europe and Asia has raised concerns about this disease and initiated increased efforts to understand the pathogenesis. In this study, we have compared the pathology and the virus distribution in tissues of pigs experimentally inoculated with three different genotype 1 PRRSV isolates. Sixty 5-week-old pigs were inoculated intranasally with a) the Lelystad virus (LV), b) a field strain from the UK causing respiratory clinical signs (UK) or c) a highly pathogenic strain from Belarus (BE). Sixteen animals were mock-infected and used as controls. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7 and 35 days post-infection (dpi), and lung and lymphoid tissues collected for histopathological examination and PRRSV detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Histopathological lesions consisted of interstitial pneumonia with mononuclear cell infiltrates in the lungs, lymphoid depletion, apoptosis and follicular hyperplasia in the spleen, lymph nodes and tonsil and lymphoid depletion in the thymus. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was detected mainly in monocytes-macrophages. BE-infected animals showed the highest pathological scores and the highest presence of virus at 3 and 7 dpi, followed by the UK field strain and then LV. Moderate lesions were observed at 35 dpi with lesser detection of PRRSV by IHC in each infected group. The highly pathogenic BE strain induced more severe pathology in both lungs and lymphoid organs of pigs compared with the classic field isolate and the prototype LV. The increased severity of pathology was in correlation with the presence of a higher number of PRRSV-infected cells in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Morgan
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK.,Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - J P Frossard
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - F J Pallares
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - J Gough
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - T Stadejek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S P Graham
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - F Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - T W Drew
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - F J Salguero
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Wayne SR, Morrison RB, Odland CA, Davies PR. Potential role of noncommercial swine populations in the epidemiology and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:876-82. [PMID: 22443443 DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.7.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of noncommercial pigs in the epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. DESIGN Seroepidemiologic study and survey study. ANIMALS 661 pigs from which blood samples were collected at slaughter and 32 pigs from which blood samples were collected longitudinally. PROCEDURES Spatial databases of commercial farms and 4-H participation were evaluated by use of commercial geographic information systems software. Information on disease knowledge and management methods of 4-H participants was obtained by mail survey and personal interview. Serum samples for antibody testing by PRRS ELISA were obtained from pigs at slaughter or at county fairs and on farms. RESULTS Participation in 4-H swine programs was geographically associated with commercial swine production in Minnesota, and 39% of 4-H participants reared pigs at locations with commercial pigs. High seroprevalence at fairs (49%; range, 29% to 76%) and seroconversion after fairs indicated that PRRS virus exposure was common in pigs shown by 4-H participants and that transmission could occur at fairs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The small swine population shown by 4-H members (estimated 12,000 pigs) relative to the population of commercial swine in Minnesota (estimated 6.5 million pigs) suggested the former overall was likely of minor importance to PRRS virus epidemiology at present. However, the relative frailty of knowledge of biosecurity practices, evidence that PRRS virus exposure was frequent, common intentions to show pigs at multiple events, and often close interactions with commercial herds suggested that the 4-H community should be involved in regional efforts to control PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Wayne
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Gregg K, Xiang T, Arenivas S, Hwang E, Arenivas F, Chen SH, Walker S, Picou A, Polejaeva I. Risk assessment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) transmission via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo production using oocytes from commercial abattoirs. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 125:148-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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