1
|
Dixon J, Morton B, Nkhata MJ, Silman A, Simiyu IG, Spencer SA, Van Pinxteren M, Bunn C, Calderwood C, Chandler CIR, Chikumbu E, Crampin AC, Hurst JR, Jobe M, Kengne AP, Levitt NS, Moshabela M, Owolabi M, Peer N, Phiri N, Singh SJ, Tamuhla T, Tembo M, Tiffin N, Worrall E, Yongolo NM, Banda GT, Bickton F, Bilungula AMM, Bosire E, Chawani MS, Chinoko B, Chisala M, Chiwanda J, Drew S, Farrant L, Ferrand RA, Gondwe M, Gregson CL, Harding R, Kajungu D, Kasenda S, Katagira W, Kwaitana D, Mendenhall E, Mensah ABB, Mnenula M, Mupaza L, Mwakasungula M, Nakanga W, Ndhlovu C, Nkhoma K, Nkoka O, Opare-Lokko EA, Phulusa J, Price A, Rylance J, Salima C, Salimu S, Sturmberg J, Vale E, Limbani F. Interdisciplinary perspectives on multimorbidity in Africa: Developing an expanded conceptual model. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003434. [PMID: 39078807 PMCID: PMC11288440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Multimorbidity is an emerging challenge for health systems globally. It is commonly defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person, but its meaning remains a lively area of academic debate, and the utility of the concept beyond high-income settings is uncertain. This article presents the findings from an interdisciplinary research initiative that drew together 60 academic and applied partners working in 10 African countries to answer the questions: how useful is the concept of multimorbidity within Africa? Can the concept be adapted to context to optimise its transformative potentials? During a three-day concept-building workshop, we investigated how the definition of multimorbidity was understood across diverse disciplinary and regional perspectives, evaluated the utility and limitations of existing concepts and definitions, and considered how to build a more context-sensitive, cross-cutting description of multimorbidity. This iterative process was guided by the principles of grounded theory and involved focus- and whole-group discussions during the workshop, thematic coding of workshop discussions, and further post-workshop development and refinement. Three thematic domains emerged from workshop discussions: the current focus of multimorbidity on constituent diseases; the potential for revised concepts to centre the priorities, needs, and social context of people living with multimorbidity (PLWMM); and the need for revised concepts to respond to varied conceptual priorities amongst stakeholders. These themes fed into the development of an expanded conceptual model that centres the catastrophic impacts multimorbidity can have for PLWMM, families and support structures, service providers, and health systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Dixon
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Morton
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Misheck J. Nkhata
- SHLS Nursing and Midwifery, Teesside University, Middlesborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Silman
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim G. Simiyu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Spencer
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Myrna Van Pinxteren
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher Bunn
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Calderwood
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare I. R. Chandler
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Chikumbu
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Amelia C. Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Modou Jobe
- MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Durban, South Africa
| | - Naomi S. Levitt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mosa Moshabela
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nozgechi Phiri
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sally J. Singh
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tsaone Tamuhla
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mandikudza Tembo
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicki Tiffin
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eve Worrall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nateiya M. Yongolo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gift T. Banda
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fanuel Bickton
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Edna Bosire
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marlen S. Chawani
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Health Economics and Policy Unit, The Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Mphatso Chisala
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jonathan Chiwanda
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sarah Drew
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Farrant
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rashida A. Ferrand
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mtisunge Gondwe
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Harding
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Kajungu
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Kasenda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Duncan Kwaitana
- Department of Family Medicine, The Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Emily Mendenhall
- Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Adwoa Bemah Boamah Mensah
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Modai Mnenula
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Wisdom Nakanga
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chiratidzo Ndhlovu
- Internal Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kennedy Nkhoma
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Nkoka
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Edwina Addo Opare-Lokko
- Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Faculty of Family Medicine, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jacob Phulusa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Alison Price
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Charity Salima
- Achikondi Women and Community Friendly Health Services, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sangwani Salimu
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Sturmberg
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- International Society of Systems and Complexity Sciences for Health, Waitsfield, VT, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Vale
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felix Limbani
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomson LJM, Waterson H, Chatterjee HJ. Successes and challenges of partnership working to tackle health inequalities using collaborative approaches to community-based research: mixed methods analysis of focus group evidence. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:135. [PMID: 38965627 PMCID: PMC11223342 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of collaborative approaches involves community residents in joint decision-making processes to maintain or enhance their material and social conditions. During COVID-19, public services saw the benefits of actively collaborating with communities and involving residents in decision-making processes. As communities have resources and assets, they are well-placed to contribute to developing local health and wellbeing initiatives. An interdisciplinary and nationally funded three-phase research programme, "Mobilising community assets to tackle health inequalities", was established with the objective of utilising local, cultural, and natural assets to support health and wellbeing. The current study aimed to synthesise evidence collected by research teams awarded funding in phase one of the programme, comprising academic and non-academic, health and social care, voluntary and community partners. METHODS Ten online focus groups were conducted with research teams from across the UK exploring the successes and challenges of partnership working to tackle health inequalities using collaborative approaches to community-based research. Eight focus group questions were split between partnership working and health inequalities. RESULTS Thematic and content analysis produced 185 subthemes from which 12 themes were identified. Major themes representing an above average number of coded responses were research evidence; funding; relationships with partners; health inequalities and deprivation; community involvement; and health service and integrated care systems. Minor themes were link workers and social prescribing; training and support; place-based factors; longevity of programmes; setting up and scaling up programmes; and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Successes included employing practice-based and arts-based methods, being part of a research project for those not normally involved in research, sharing funding democratically, building on established relationships, and the vital role that local assets play in involving communities. Challenges involved a lack of sustainable financial support, the short-term nature of funding, inconsistencies in reaching the poorest people, obtaining the right sort of research evidence, making sufficient research progress, building relationships with already over-burdened health care staff, and redressing the balance of power in favour of communities. Despite the challenges, participants were mainly optimistic that collective approaches and meaningful co-production would create opportunities for future research partnerships with communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J M Thomson
- UCL Arts and Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - H Waterson
- UCL Arts and Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- National Centre for Creative Health, Oxford, UK
| | - H J Chatterjee
- UCL Arts and Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lanzas M, Pou N, Bota G, Pla M, Villero D, Brotons L, Sainz de la Maza P, Bach J, Pont S, Anton M, Herrando S, Hermoso V. Detecting management gaps for biodiversity conservation: An integrated assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120247. [PMID: 38367497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The latest report on the state of nature in Europe (2013-2018) shows that biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate, with most protected species and habitats in poor condition. Despite an increasing volume of collected biodiversity information, urgent action is needed to integrate biodiversity data and knowledge to improve conservation efforts. We conducted a study in Catalonia (NE Spain), where we collected management measures implemented between 2013 and 2018, including allocation, budget, pressures aimed, and habitats/species potentially benefiting. We integrated information on pressures and habitats/species with the measures to identify non-spatial management gaps. Then, we integrated the spatially explicit information to determine the spatial management gap, identifying geographical areas where species/habitats are under pressure without registered measures. We demonstrated the importance of integrating existing information. Our findings revealed that resources were often not distributed adequately across species/habitats, with biases towards certain taxa being a common issue. The non-spatial management gap analysis identified taxonomic groups, especially plants and mollusks with the wider management gaps. We also identified threatened areas, especially in the northeast of the region with the larger spatial management gaps. These results could guide priority objectives to optimize conservation efforts. Integrating different information sources provided a broader view of the challenges that conservation science is facing nowadays. Our study offers a path toward bending the curve of biodiversity loss by providing an integrative framework that could optimize the use of the available information and help narrow the knowing-doing gap. In the context of the EU, this example demonstrates how information can be used to promote some environmental policy instruments, such as the Prioritized Action Frameworks (PAFs). Additionally, our findings highlight the importance of supporting decision-making with systematic assessments to identify deficiencies in the conservation process, reduce the loss of critical ecosystems and species, and avoid biases among taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lanzas
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Pou
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain
| | - Gerard Bota
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain
| | - Magda Pla
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Dani Villero
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Lluis Brotons
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain; CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Pau Sainz de la Maza
- Generalitat de Catalunya, Direcció General de Polítiques Ambientals i Medi Natural, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bach
- Generalitat de Catalunya, Direcció General de Polítiques Ambientals i Medi Natural, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Pont
- Generalitat de Catalunya, Direcció General de Polítiques Ambientals i Medi Natural, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Anton
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Herrando
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stoffels RJ, Booker DJ, Franklin PA, Holmes R. Monitoring for the adaptive management of rivers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119787. [PMID: 38081085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring for adaptive management (AM) involves collection of data with the aim of reducing uncertainty about links between human pressures (e.g. water abstraction from rivers), consequent stressors (e.g. low river flows) and environmental state (e.g. biodiversity). 'Surveillance monitoring' involves documenting trends in state, without the aim of understanding relationships between state, stressors, and pressures. Critics have highlighted that surveillance monitoring dominates monitoring investments but is not supporting AM. Decision-makers continue to be disappointed by monitoring data that are unsuitable for AM, yet designers of monitoring programs tend to make decisions that reinforce rather than reimagine the status quo. We argue that a structured, collaborative approach to objective-setting is required to break the status quo. We collaborated with regional management authorities to develop monitoring objectives and implementation strategies to support AM of New Zealand's rivers. Our collaborative approach discouraged 'failure fearing' and encouraged reimagining 'what could be' as opposed to 'what is.' Seventeen monitoring objectives were identified based on the AM requirements of national policy and regional authorities. Several objectives-particularly those arising from national policy-stretch the limits of what environmental science can currently provide. There were also strong trade-offs among objectives. We offer practical implementation strategies for overcoming the technical challenges of, and reducing trade-offs among, monitoring objectives. These strategies point to a monitoring program that contrasts strongly with one aimed at surveillance. Monitoring for AM is more complex than monitoring for surveillance, so strong leadership is required for successful implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Stoffels
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Doug J Booker
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Franklin
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cano-Barbacil C, Carrete M, Castro-Díez P, Delibes-Mateos M, Jaques JA, López-Darias M, Nogales M, Pino J, Ros M, Traveset A, Turon X, Vilà M, Altamirano M, Álvarez I, Arias A, Boix D, Cabido C, Cacabelos E, Cobo F, Cruz J, Cuesta JA, Dáder B, Del Estal P, Gallardo B, Gómez Laporta M, González-Moreno P, Hernández JC, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Lázaro Lobo A, Leza M, Montserrat M, Oliva-Paterna FJ, Piñeiro L, Ponce C, Pons P, Rotchés-Ribalta R, Roura-Pascual N, Sánchez M, Trillo A, Viñuela E, García-Berthou E. Identification of potential invasive alien species in Spain through horizon scanning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118696. [PMID: 37549639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien species have widespread impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Since the number of introductions worldwide is continuously rising, it is essential to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of new alien species through a systematic examination of future potential threats. Applying a three-step horizon scanning consensus method, we evaluated non-established alien species that could potentially arrive, establish and cause major ecological impact in Spain within the next 10 years. Overall, we identified 47 species with a very high risk (e.g. Oreochromis niloticus, Popillia japonica, Hemidactylus frenatus, Crassula helmsii or Halophila stipulacea), 61 with high risk, 93 with moderate risk, and 732 species with low risk. Many of the species categorized as very high or high risk to Spanish biodiversity are either already present in Europe and neighbouring countries or have a long invasive history elsewhere. This study provides an updated list of potential invasive alien species useful for prioritizing efforts and resources against their introduction. Compared to previous horizon scanning exercises in Spain, the current study screens potential invaders from a wider range of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive risk analyses to improve management and increase the efficiency of the early warning and rapid response framework for invasive alien species. We also stress the usefulness of measuring agreement and consistency as two different properties of the reliability of expert scores, in order to more easily elaborate consensus ranked lists of potential invasive alien species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cano-Barbacil
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Martina Carrete
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Castro-Díez
- Biological Invasions Research Group (BioInv), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Pza. San Diego, s/n, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes-Mateos
- Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC), Plaza Campo Santo de los Mártires, 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marta López-Darias
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Joan Pino
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Edifici C. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Macarena Ros
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Traveset
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA,CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Departamento de Ecología Marina, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Altamirano
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | - Inés Álvarez
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), C/ Claudio Moyano 1, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Arias
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dani Boix
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabido
- Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Departamento de Herpetología, Calle Alto de Zorroaga 11, E-20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eva Cacabelos
- Hydrosphere - Environmental laboratory for the study of aquatic Ecosystems, 36331, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cruz
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - José A Cuesta
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dáder
- Unit of Crop Protection, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Del Estal
- Unit of Crop Protection, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belinda Gallardo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - José Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Biodiversity Research Institute IMIB (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Spain
| | - Adrián Lázaro Lobo
- Biological Invasions Research Group (BioInv), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Pza. San Diego, s/n, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute IMIB (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Spain
| | - Mar Leza
- Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. Valldemossa, km. 7,5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora"-UMA-CSIC, Avda Dr Weinberg s/n, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Oliva-Paterna
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Pere Pons
- Animal Biology Lab & BioLand. Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Rotchés-Ribalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Roura-Pascual
- Animal Biology Lab & BioLand. Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Trillo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Unit of Crop Protection, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dzakaklo TK, Hlovor IK, Dah FK. Unpacking decentralization failures in promoting popular participation in the Ketu South Municipality of Ghana. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18900. [PMID: 37593606 PMCID: PMC10428043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Decentralization of governance across the globe, especially in sub-Saharan Africa was precipitated by the need to ensure the participation of the citizenry in the development planning and implementation at the local level. This is to ensure that local problems are identified by those affected and remedied through policies formulated through the participation of the citizenry at the local level. In line with this, subnational government authorities were created at the local level to ensure effective local government administration. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the challenges hindering the active participation of the citizenry in local governance in the Ketu South Municipality of the Volta Region of Ghana. A qualitative research design was adopted. The study purposively selected thirty-five (35) participants in the study area for the purposes of its primary data collection through interviews. This study investigated the fact that citizens were expected to participate in local governance through community engagement forums, budgeting, and financial planning, medium-term development planning, preparation of annual action plans, and participation in district level elections. The results of the study showed that low participation of the citizenry in local government is attributable to citizens' lack of information and education on the need for local-level participation, inadequate political structures of the Metropolitan Municipal and District Assemblies, and inadequate resources at the local government level. To ensure and promote the active participation of the citizenry at the local level, there is the need to educate the citizenry, and ensure that there are adequate and sufficient resources at the local level.
Collapse
|
7
|
Boguslav MR, Salem NM, White EK, Sullivan KJ, Bada M, Hernandez TL, Leach SM, Hunter LE. Creating an ignorance-base: Exploring known unknowns in the scientific literature. J Biomed Inform 2023; 143:104405. [PMID: 37270143 PMCID: PMC10528083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific discovery progresses by exploring new and uncharted territory. More specifically, it advances by a process of transforming unknown unknowns first into known unknowns, and then into knowns. Over the last few decades, researchers have developed many knowledge bases to capture and connect the knowns, which has enabled topic exploration and contextualization of experimental results. But recognizing the unknowns is also critical for finding the most pertinent questions and their answers. Prior work on known unknowns has sought to understand them, annotate them, and automate their identification. However, no knowledge-bases yet exist to capture these unknowns, and little work has focused on how scientists might use them to trace a given topic or experimental result in search of open questions and new avenues for exploration. We show here that a knowledge base of unknowns can be connected to ontologically grounded biomedical knowledge to accelerate research in the field of prenatal nutrition. RESULTS We present the first ignorance-base, a knowledge-base created by combining classifiers to recognize ignorance statements (statements of missing or incomplete knowledge that imply a goal for knowledge) and biomedical concepts over the prenatal nutrition literature. This knowledge-base places biomedical concepts mentioned in the literature in context with the ignorance statements authors have made about them. Using our system, researchers interested in the topic of vitamin D and prenatal health were able to uncover three new avenues for exploration (immune system, respiratory system, and brain development) by searching for concepts enriched in ignorance statements. These were buried among the many standard enriched concepts. Additionally, we used the ignorance-base to enrich concepts connected to a gene list associated with vitamin D and spontaneous preterm birth and found an emerging topic of study (brain development) in an implied field (neuroscience). The researchers could look to the field of neuroscience for potential answers to the ignorance statements. CONCLUSION Our goal is to help students, researchers, funders, and publishers better understand the state of our collective scientific ignorance (known unknowns) in order to help accelerate research through the continued illumination of and focus on the known unknowns and their respective goals for scientific knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayla R Boguslav
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
| | - Nourah M Salem
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth K White
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA
| | - Katherine J Sullivan
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Michael Bada
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Teri L Hernandez
- College of Nursing, Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA; Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA
| | - Lawrence E Hunter
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, E 17th Avenue, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oficialdegui FJ, Zamora-Marín JM, Guareschi S, Anastácio PM, García-Murillo P, Ribeiro F, Miranda R, Cobo F, Gallardo B, García-Berthou E, Boix D, Arias A, Cuesta JA, Medina L, Almeida D, Banha F, Barca S, Biurrun I, Cabezas MP, Calero S, Campos JA, Capdevila-Argüelles L, Capinha C, Casals F, Clavero M, Encarnação J, Fernández-Delgado C, Franco J, Guillén A, Hermoso V, Machordom A, Martelo J, Mellado-Díaz A, Morcillo F, Oscoz J, Perdices A, Pou-Rovira Q, Rodríguez-Merino A, Ros M, Ruiz-Navarro A, Sánchez MI, Sánchez-Fernández D, Sánchez-González JR, Sánchez-Gullón E, Teodósio MA, Torralva M, Vieira-Lanero R, Oliva-Paterna FJ. A horizon scan exercise for aquatic invasive alien species in Iberian inland waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161798. [PMID: 36702272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the number of introduced species keeps increasing unabatedly, identifying and prioritising current and potential Invasive Alien Species (IAS) has become essential to manage them. Horizon Scanning (HS), defined as an exploration of potential threats, is considered a fundamental component of IAS management. By combining scientific knowledge on taxa with expert opinion, we identified the most relevant aquatic IAS in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e., those with the greatest geographic extent (or probability of introduction), severe ecological, economic and human health impacts, greatest difficulty and acceptability of management. We highlighted the 126 most relevant IAS already present in Iberian inland waters (i.e., Concern list) and 89 with a high probability of being introduced in the near future (i.e., Alert list), of which 24 and 10 IAS, respectively, were considered as a management priority after receiving the highest scores in the expert assessment (i.e., top-ranked IAS). In both lists, aquatic IAS belonging to the four thematic groups (plants, freshwater invertebrates, estuarine invertebrates, and vertebrates) were identified as having been introduced through various pathways from different regions of the world and classified according to their main functional feeding groups. Also, the latest update of the list of IAS of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 includes only 12 top-ranked IAS identified for the Iberian Peninsula, while the national lists incorporate the vast majority of them. This fact underlines the great importance of taxa prioritisation exercises at biogeographical scales as a step prior to risk analyses and their inclusion in national lists. This HS provides a robust assessment and a cost-effective strategy for decision-makers and stakeholders to prioritise the use of limited resources for IAS prevention and management. Although applied at a transnational level in a European biodiversity hotspot, this approach is designed for potential application at any geographical or administrative scale, including the continental one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Oficialdegui
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain.
| | - José M Zamora-Marín
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | - Simone Guareschi
- Geography and Environment Division, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD)-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro M Anastácio
- Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Pablo García-Murillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Filipe Ribeiro
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Belinda Gallardo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE)-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Dani Boix
- GRECO, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Andrés Arias
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose A Cuesta
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Costera, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN)-CSIC, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - David Almeida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Filipe Banha
- Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Sandra Barca
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Idoia Biurrun
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Pilar Cabezas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Calero
- Planificación y Gestión Hídrica, Tragsatec, Grupo Tragsa-SEPI, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Campos
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - César Capinha
- Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederic Casals
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Solsona, Lleida, Spain
| | - Miguel Clavero
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD)-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - João Encarnação
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Javier Franco
- AZTI, Marine Research, Marine and Coastal Environmental Management, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Antonio Guillén
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Annie Machordom
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Martelo
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrés Mellado-Díaz
- Planificación y Gestión Hídrica, Tragsatec, Grupo Tragsa-SEPI, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Morcillo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Oscoz
- Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anabel Perdices
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Macarena Ros
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz-Navarro
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta I Sánchez
- Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD)-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jorge R Sánchez-González
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Sociedad Ibérica de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona/Iruña, Spain
| | - Enrique Sánchez-Gullón
- Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul, Junta de Andalucía, Huelva, Spain
| | - M Alexandra Teodósio
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Mar Torralva
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| | - Rufino Vieira-Lanero
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Oliva-Paterna
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luke SH, Roy HE, Thomas CD, Tilley LAN, Ward S, Watt A, Carnaghi M, Jaworski CC, Tercel MPTG, Woodrow C, Aown S, Banfield‐Zanin JA, Barnsley SL, Berger I, Brown MJF, Bull JC, Campbell H, Carter RAB, Charalambous M, Cole LJ, Ebejer MJ, Farrow RA, Fartyal RS, Grace M, Highet F, Hill JK, Hood ASC, Kent ES, Krell F, Leather SR, Leybourne DJ, Littlewood NA, Lyons A, Matthews G, Mc Namara L, Menéndez R, Merrett P, Mohammed S, Murchie AK, Noble M, Paiva M, Pannell MJ, Phon C, Port G, Powell C, Rosell S, Sconce F, Shortall CR, Slade EM, Sutherland JP, Weir JC, Williams CD, Zielonka NB, Dicks LV. Grand challenges in entomology: Priorities for action in the coming decades. INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY 2023; 16:173-189. [PMID: 38505358 PMCID: PMC10947029 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Entomology is key to understanding terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems at a time of unprecedented anthropogenic environmental change and offers substantial untapped potential to benefit humanity in a variety of ways, from improving agricultural practices to managing vector-borne diseases and inspiring technological advances.We identified high priority challenges for entomology using an inclusive, open, and democratic four-stage prioritisation approach, conducted among the membership and affiliates (hereafter 'members') of the UK-based Royal Entomological Society (RES).A list of 710 challenges was gathered from 189 RES members. Thematic analysis was used to group suggestions, followed by an online vote to determine initial priorities, which were subsequently ranked during an online workshop involving 37 participants.The outcome was a set of 61 priority challenges within four groupings of related themes: (i) 'Fundamental Research' (themes: Taxonomy, 'Blue Skies' [defined as research ideas without immediate practical application], Methods and Techniques); (ii) 'Anthropogenic Impacts and Conservation' (themes: Anthropogenic Impacts, Conservation Options); (iii) 'Uses, Ecosystem Services and Disservices' (themes: Ecosystem Benefits, Technology and Resources [use of insects as a resource, or as inspiration], Pests); (iv) 'Collaboration, Engagement and Training' (themes: Knowledge Access, Training and Collaboration, Societal Engagement).Priority challenges encompass research questions, funding objectives, new technologies, and priorities for outreach and engagement. Examples include training taxonomists, establishing a global network of insect monitoring sites, understanding the extent of insect declines, exploring roles of cultivated insects in food supply chains, and connecting professional with amateur entomologists. Responses to different challenges could be led by amateur and professional entomologists, at all career stages.Overall, the challenges provide a diverse array of options to inspire and initiate entomological activities and reveal the potential of entomology to contribute to addressing global challenges related to human health and well-being, and environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Luke
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington CampusNr LoughboroughUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Helen E. Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean BuildingCrowmarsh Gifford, WallingfordUK
| | - Chris D. Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Simon Ward
- Royal Entomological Society, The Mansion HouseSt AlbansUK
| | - Allan Watt
- UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyBush EstateMidlothianUK
| | - Manuela Carnaghi
- Department of Agriculture Health and Environment, Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayKentUK
| | | | | | - Charlie Woodrow
- University of Lincoln, School of Life and Environmental SciencesJoseph Banks LaboratoriesLincolnUK
| | | | | | | | - Iris Berger
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mark J. F. Brown
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | | | - Heather Campbell
- Agriculture and Environment DepartmentHarper Adams UniversityNewportUK
| | | | - Magda Charalambous
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
| | - Lorna J. Cole
- Integrated Land ManagementSRUC, Auchincruive EstateAyrUK
| | | | | | - Rajendra S. Fartyal
- Department of Zoology, Birla CampusHNB Gahrwal UniveristySrinagar GarhwalUttarakhandIndia
| | - Miriam Grace
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Fiona Highet
- SASA (Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture)EdinburghUK
| | - Jane K. Hill
- University of York, Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity & Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Amelia S. C. Hood
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Eleanor S. Kent
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | | | - Simon R. Leather
- Agriculture and Environment DepartmentHarper Adams UniversityNewportUK
| | - Daniel J. Leybourne
- Zoological Biodiversity, Institute of GeobotanyLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | | | - Ashley Lyons
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceHaweswater, Naddle Farm, BamptonCumbriaUK
| | | | - Louise Mc Namara
- Teagasc, Crop Science Department, Oak Park Crops Research CentreCarlowIreland
| | - Rosa Menéndez
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Sajidha Mohammed
- Department of ZoologyM.E.S Mampad CollegeMampad, MalappuramKeralaIndia
| | - Archie K. Murchie
- Agri‐Food & Biosciences InstituteNewforge LaneBelfast, Northern IrelandUK
| | | | - Maria‐Rosa Paiva
- CENSE ‐ Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonCaparicaPortugal
| | | | - Chooi‐Khim Phon
- Entomology BranchForest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)KepongSelangorMalaysia
| | - Gordon Port
- Newcastle University, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Eleanor M. Slade
- Asian School of the EnvironmentNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | | | - Jamie C. Weir
- Institute for Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Edinburgh Ashworth LaboratoriesEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Lynn V. Dicks
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bisbal GA, Eaton MJ. Considering science needs to deliver actionable science. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14013. [PMID: 36193663 PMCID: PMC10099986 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conservation practitioners, natural resource managers, and environmental stewards often seek out scientific contributions to inform decision-making. This body of science only becomes actionable when motivated by decision makers considering alternative courses of action. Many in the science community equate addressing stakeholder science needs with delivering actionable science. However, not all efforts to address science needs deliver actionable science, suggesting that the synonymous use of these two constructs (delivering actionable science and addressing science needs) is not trivial. This can be the case when such needs are conveyed by people who neglect decision makers responsible for articulating a priority management concern and for specifying how the anticipated scientific information will aid the decision-making process. We argue that the actors responsible for articulating these science needs and the process used to identify them are decisive factors in the ability to deliver actionable science, stressing the importance of examining the provenance and the determination of science needs. Guided by a desire to enhance communication and cross-literacy between scientists and decision makers, we identified categories of actors who may inappropriately declare science needs (e.g., applied scientists with and without regulatory affiliation, external influencers, reluctant decision makers, agents in place of decision makers, and boundary organization representatives). We also emphasize the importance of, and general approach to, undertaking needs assessments or gap analyses as a means to identify priority science needs. We conclude that basic stipulations to legitimize actionable science, such as the declaration of decisions of interest that motivate science needs and using a robust process to identify priority information gaps, are not always satisfied and require verification. To alleviate these shortcomings, we formulated practical suggestions for consideration by applied scientists, decision makers, research funding entities, and boundary organizations to help foster conditions that lead to science output being truly actionable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Bisbal
- United States Geological SurveyNational Climate Adaptation Science CenterRestonVirginiaUSA
| | - Mitchell J. Eaton
- United States Geological SurveySoutheast Climate Adaptation Science CenterRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rowland JA, Walsh JC, Beitzel M, Brawata R, Brown D, Chalmers L, Evans L, Eyles K, Gibbs R, Grover S, Grundy S, Harris RMB, Haywood S, Hilton M, Hope G, Keaney B, Keatley M, Keith DA, Lawrence R, Lutz ML, MacDonald T, MacPhee E, McLean N, Powell S, Robledo‐Ruiz DA, Sato CF, Schroder M, Silvester E, Tolsma A, Western AW, Whinam J, White M, Wild A, Williams RJ, Wright G, Young W, Moore JL. Setting research priorities for effective management of a threatened ecosystem: Australian alpine and subalpine peatland. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Rowland
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica C. Walsh
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew Beitzel
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Renee Brawata
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Daniel Brown
- Eastern Victoria Office Bright Victoria Australia
| | - Linden Chalmers
- Biodiversity Planning and Policy, ACT Government Dickson Australia
| | - Lisa Evans
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Kathryn Eyles
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, and the Environment Canberra Australia
| | - Rob Gibbs
- Australian Alps National Parks Co‐operative Management Program, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Parramatta New South Wales Australia
| | - Samantha Grover
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shane Grundy
- International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) Greifswald Germany
| | - Rebecca M. B. Harris
- School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Shayne Haywood
- West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority Traralgon Victoria Australia
| | - Mairi Hilton
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Geoffrey Hope
- College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Ben Keaney
- College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | | | - David A. Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Hurstville New South Wales Australia
| | - Ruth Lawrence
- Department of Geography The University of Melbourne Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - Maiko L. Lutz
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth MacPhee
- Alpine Flora ‐ High Altitude Rehabilitation Consultant Tumut New South Wales Australia
| | - Nina McLean
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Susan Powell
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, and the Environment Canberra Australia
| | | | - Chloe F. Sato
- ACT Government Canberra Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Mel Schroder
- Southern Ranges Branch, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Jindabyne New South Wales Australia
| | - Ewen Silvester
- Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology (RCAAE), Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution (DEEE) La Trobe University Wodonga Australia
| | - Arn Tolsma
- Arthur Rylah Institute, Biodiversity Division, Environment and Climate Change, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew W. Western
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
| | - Jennie Whinam
- School of Geography, Planning & Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Sandy Bay Tasmania Australia
| | - Matthew White
- Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment Canberra Australia
| | - Anita Wild
- Wild Ecology Pty Ltd. Mount Nelson Tasmania Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- Charles Darwin University Faculty of Engineering Health Science and the Environment, Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Darwin Northwest Territories Australia
| | - Genevieve Wright
- NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Hurstville New South Wales Australia
| | - Wade Young
- Parks and Conservation Service, Environment and Planning Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute, Biodiversity Division, Environment and Climate Change, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Toward a Demand-Driven, Collaborative Data Agenda for Adolescent Mental Health. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:S20-S26. [PMID: 35931647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing datasets and research in the field of adolescent mental health do not always meet the needs of practitioners, policymakers, and program implementers, particularly in the context of vulnerable populations. Here, we introduce a collaborative, demand-driven methodology for the development of a strategic adolescent mental health research agenda. Ultimately, this agenda aims to guide future data sharing and collection efforts that meet the most pressing data needs of key stakeholders. METHODS We conducted a rapid literature search to summarize common themes in adolescent mental health research into a "topic map". We then hosted two virtual workshops with a range of international experts to discuss the topic map and identify shared priorities for future collaboration and research. RESULTS Our topic map identifies 10 major themes in adolescent mental health, organized into system-level, community-level, and individual-level categories. The engagement of cross-sectoral experts resulted in the validation of the mapping exercise, critical insights for refining the topic map, and a collaborative list of priorities for future research. DISCUSSION This innovative agile methodology enables a focused deliberation with diverse stakeholders and can serve as the starting point for data generation and collaboration practices, both in the field of adolescent mental health and other topics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wynne JJ, Titus TN, Agha‐Mohammadi A, Azua‐Bustos A, Boston PJ, de León P, Demirel‐Floyd C, De Waele J, Jones H, Malaska MJ, Miller AZ, Sapers HM, Sauro F, Sonderegger DL, Uckert K, Wong UY, Alexander EC, Chiao L, Cushing GE, DeDecker J, Fairén AG, Frumkin A, Harris GL, Kearney ML, Kerber L, Léveillé RJ, Manyapu K, Massironi M, Mylroie JE, Onac BP, Parazynski SE, Phillips‐Lander CM, Prettyman TH, Schulze‐Makuch D, Wagner RV, Whittaker WL, Williams KE. Fundamental Science and Engineering Questions in Planetary Cave Exploration. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2022; 127:e2022JE007194. [PMID: 36582809 PMCID: PMC9787064 DOI: 10.1029/2022je007194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half a century ago, two papers postulated the likelihood of lunar lava tube caves using mathematical models. Today, armed with an array of orbiting and fly-by satellites and survey instrumentation, we have now acquired cave data across our solar system-including the identification of potential cave entrances on the Moon, Mars, and at least nine other planetary bodies. These discoveries gave rise to the study of planetary caves. To help advance this field, we leveraged the expertise of an interdisciplinary group to identify a strategy to explore caves beyond Earth. Focusing primarily on astrobiology, the cave environment, geology, robotics, instrumentation, and human exploration, our goal was to produce a framework to guide this subdiscipline through at least the next decade. To do this, we first assembled a list of 198 science and engineering questions. Then, through a series of social surveys, 114 scientists and engineers winnowed down the list to the top 53 highest priority questions. This exercise resulted in identifying emerging and crucial research areas that require robust development to ultimately support a robotic mission to a planetary cave-principally the Moon and/or Mars. With the necessary financial investment and institutional support, the research and technological development required to achieve these necessary advancements over the next decade are attainable. Subsequently, we will be positioned to robotically examine lunar caves and search for evidence of life within Martian caves; in turn, this will set the stage for human exploration and potential habitation of both the lunar and Martian subsurface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Judson Wynne
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western LandscapesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | | | | | - Armando Azua‐Bustos
- Centro de AstrobiologíaCSIC‐INTAUnidad María de MaeztuInstituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial Ctra de Torrejón a AjalvirMadridSpain
- Instituto de Ciencias BiomédicasFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Pablo de León
- Human Spaceflight LaboratoryDepartment of Space StudiesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNDUSA
| | | | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Heather Jones
- Robotics InstituteCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Michael J. Malaska
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Ana Z. Miller
- Laboratório HERCULESUniversity of ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y AgrobiologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSevilleSpain
| | - Haley M. Sapers
- Department of Earth and Space Science and EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
| | - Francesco Sauro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Derek L. Sonderegger
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Kyle Uckert
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - E. Calvin Alexander
- Earth and Environmental Sciences DepartmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Leroy Chiao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTXUSA
| | - Glen E. Cushing
- U.S. Geological SurveyAstrogeology Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - John DeDecker
- Center for Mineral Resources ScienceColorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA
| | - Alberto G. Fairén
- Centro de AstrobiologíaCSIC‐INTAUnidad María de MaeztuInstituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial Ctra de Torrejón a AjalvirMadridSpain
- Department of AstronomyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Amos Frumkin
- Institute of Earth SciencesThe Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gary L. Harris
- Human Spaceflight LaboratoryDepartment of Space StudiesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Michelle L. Kearney
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Laura Kerber
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Richard J. Léveillé
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Geosciences DepartmentJohn Abbott CollegeSte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Matteo Massironi
- Dipartimento di GeoscienzeUniversità degli Studi di PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - John E. Mylroie
- Department of GeosciencesMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMSUSA
| | - Bogdan P. Onac
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
- Emil G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | | | | | | | - Dirk Schulze‐Makuch
- Astrobiology GroupCenter of Astronomy and AstrophysicsTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Section GeomicrobiologyGFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Experimental LimnologyLeibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)StechlinGermany
| | - Robert V. Wagner
- School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - William L. Whittaker
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Kaj E. Williams
- U.S. Geological SurveyAstrogeology Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Collaboratively-Derived Research Agenda for E-assessment in Undergraduate Mathematics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN UNDERGRADUATE MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9466348 DOI: 10.1007/s40753-022-00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the collaborative development of an agenda for research on e-assessment in undergraduate mathematics. We built on an established approach to develop the agenda from the contributions of 22 mathematics education researchers, university teachers and learning technologists interested in this topic. The resulting set of 55 research questions are grouped into 5 broad themes: errors and feedback, student interactions with e-assessment, design and implementation choices, affordances offered by e-assessment tools, and mathematical skills. This agenda gives a framework for a programme of research aligned with practical concerns that will contribute to both theoretical and practical development.
Collapse
|
15
|
Burtt JJ, Leblanc J, Randhawa K, Ivanova A, Rudd MA, Wilkins R, Azzam EI, Hecker M, Horemans N, Vandenhove H, Adam-Guillermin C, Armant O, Klokov D, Audouze K, Kaiser JC, Moertl S, Lumniczky K, Tanaka IB, Yamada Y, Hamada N, Al-Nabulsi I, Preston J, Bouffler S, Applegate K, Cool D, Beaton D, Tollefsen KE, Garnier-Laplace J, Laurier D, Chauhan V. Radiation Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are on the Horizon: Advancing Radiation Protection through an International Horizon-Style Exercisewe. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1763-1776. [PMID: 36067511 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, a systematic tool that can link available mechanistic data with phenotypic outcomes of relevance to regulatory decision-making, is being explored in areas related to radiation risk assessment. To examine the challenges including the use of AOPs to support the radiation protection community, an international horizon-style exercise (HSE) was initiated through the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency High-Level Group on Low Dose Research Radiation/Chemical AOP Joint Topical Group (JTG). The objective of the HSE was to facilitate the collection of ideas from a range of experts, to short-list a set of priority research questions that could, if answered, improve the description of the radiation dose-response relationship for low dose/dose-rate exposures, as well as reduce uncertainties in estimating the risk of developing adverse health outcomes following such exposures.Materials and methods: The HSE was guided by an international steering committee (SC) of radiation risk experts. In the first phase, research questions were solicited on areas that can be supported by the AOP framework, or challenges on the use of AOPs in radiation risk assessment. In the second phase, questions received were refined and sorted by the SC using a best-worst scaling (BWS) method. During a virtual 3-day workshop, the list of questions was further narrowed. In the third phase, an international survey of the broader radiation protection community led to an orderly ranking of the top questions.Results: Of the 271 questions solicited, 254 were accepted and categorized into 9 themes. These were further refined to the top 25 prioritized questions. Among these, the higher ranked questions will be considered as 'important' to drive future initiatives in the low dose radiation protection community. These included questions on the ability of AOPs to delineate responses across different levels of biological organization, and how AOPs could be applied to address research questions on radiation quality, doses or dose-rates, exposure time patterns and deliveries, and uncertainties in low dose/dose-rate effects. A better understanding of these concepts is required to support the use of the AOP framework in radiation risk assessment.Conclusion: Through dissemination of these results and considerations on next steps, the JTG will address select priority questions to advance the development and use of AOPs in the radiation protection community. The major themes observed will be discussed in the context of their relevance to areas of research that support the system of radiation protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi Randhawa
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Addie Ivanova
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Isotopes, Radiobiology and Environment Directorate, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Armant
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMRS 1124, Paris, France
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt (GMBH) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Unit of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary
| | - Ignacia B Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isaf Al-Nabulsi
- US Department of Energy, Office of Domestic and International Health Studies, Office of Health and Safety, Office of Environment, Health Safety and Security, Washington, DC. USA
| | - Julian Preston
- Office of Air and Radiation, Radiation Protection Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Simon Bouffler
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kimberly Applegate
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lexington, KY, USA (retired)
| | | | - Danielle Beaton
- Isotopes, Radiobiology and Environment Directorate, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, N-0579, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,On secondment from IRSN to the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health's secretariat, France
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mehrabi Z, Delzeit R, Ignaciuk A, Levers C, Braich G, Bajaj K, Amo-Aidoo A, Anderson W, Balgah RA, Benton TG, Chari MM, Ellis EC, Gahi NZ, Gaupp F, Garibaldi LA, Gerber JS, Godde CM, Grass I, Heimann T, Hirons M, Hoogenboom G, Jain M, James D, Makowski D, Masamha B, Meng S, Monprapussorn S, Müller D, Nelson A, Newlands NK, Noack F, Oronje M, Raymond C, Reichstein M, Rieseberg LH, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Rosenstock T, Rowhani P, Sarhadi A, Seppelt R, Sidhu BS, Snapp S, Soma T, Sparks AH, Teh L, Tigchelaar M, Vogel MM, West PC, Wittman H, You L. Research priorities for global food security under extreme events. ONE EARTH (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 5:756-766. [PMID: 35898653 PMCID: PMC9307291 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extreme events, such as those caused by climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, threaten global food security. The complexity of causation, as well as the myriad ways that an event, or a sequence of events, creates cascading and systemic impacts, poses significant challenges to food systems research and policy alike. To identify priority food security risks and research opportunities, we asked experts from a range of fields and geographies to describe key threats to global food security over the next two decades and to suggest key research questions and gaps on this topic. Here, we present a prioritization of threats to global food security from extreme events, as well as emerging research questions that highlight the conceptual and practical challenges that exist in designing, adopting, and governing resilient food systems. We hope that these findings help in directing research funding and resources toward food system transformations needed to help society tackle major food system risks and food insecurity under extreme events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zia Mehrabi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Mortenson Center in Global Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Adriana Ignaciuk
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Levers
- Department of Environmental Geography, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ginni Braich
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kushank Bajaj
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Araba Amo-Aidoo
- Kassel University, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kassel University, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
- Kumasi Technical University, Department of Automotive and Agricultural Mechanization, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Weston Anderson
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Roland A. Balgah
- College of Technology, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
- Higher Institute of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bamenda University of Science and Technology – BUST, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Tim G. Benton
- Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, 10 St James Sq, London SW1Y 4LE, UK
| | - Martin M. Chari
- Risk & Vulnerability Science Centre, Faculty of Science & Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Erle C. Ellis
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | | | - Franziska Gaupp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - James S. Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Cecile M. Godde
- Agriculture and Food Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Heimann
- Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Hirons
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerrit Hoogenboom
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Meha Jain
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana James
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Makowski
- UMR MIA 518, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Blessing Masamha
- Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA), 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sisi Meng
- Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sathaporn Monprapussorn
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Daniel Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel K. Newlands
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, Canada
| | - Frederik Noack
- Food and Resource Economics Group, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - MaryLucy Oronje
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), 673 Canary Bird, Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Colin Raymond
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Loren H. Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Todd Rosenstock
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedram Rowhani
- Department of Geography, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ali Sarhadi
- Lorenz Center, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralf Seppelt
- Helmholtz Institute for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience and Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Balsher S. Sidhu
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sieglinde Snapp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tammara Soma
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Adam H. Sparks
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Louise Teh
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Martha M. Vogel
- Man and the Biosphere Programme, Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, Natural Sciences Sector, UNESCO, Paris, France
| | - Paul C. West
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Project Drawdown, 3450 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Wittman
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liangzhi You
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Foulds C, Royston S, Berker T, Nakopoulou E, Bharucha ZP, Robison R, Abram S, Ančić B, Arapostathis S, Badescu G, Bull R, Cohen J, Dunlop T, Dunphy N, Dupont C, Fischer C, Gram-Hanssen K, Grandclément C, Heiskanen E, Labanca N, Jeliazkova M, Jörgens H, Keller M, Kern F, Lombardi P, Mourik R, Ornetzeder M, Pearson PJG, Rohracher H, Sahakian M, Sari R, Standal K, Živčič L. An agenda for future Social Sciences and Humanities research on energy efficiency: 100 priority research questions. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:223. [PMID: 35791377 PMCID: PMC9245879 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Decades of techno-economic energy policymaking and research have meant evidence from the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)-including critical reflections on what changing a society's relation to energy (efficiency) even means-have been underutilised. In particular, (i) the SSH have too often been sidelined and/or narrowly pigeonholed by policymakers, funders, and other decision-makers when driving research agendas, and (ii) the setting of SSH-focused research agendas has not historically embedded inclusive and deliberative processes. The aim of this paper is to address these gaps through the production of a research agenda outlining future SSH research priorities for energy efficiency. A Horizon Scanning exercise was run, which sought to identify 100 priority SSH questions for energy efficiency research. This exercise included 152 researchers with prior SSH expertise on energy efficiency, who together spanned 62 (sub-)disciplines of SSH, 23 countries, and a full range of career stages. The resultant questions were inductively clustered into seven themes as follows: (1) Citizenship, engagement and knowledge exchange in relation to energy efficiency; (2) Energy efficiency in relation to equity, justice, poverty and vulnerability; (3) Energy efficiency in relation to everyday life and practices of energy consumption and production; (4) Framing, defining and measuring energy efficiency; (5) Governance, policy and political issues around energy efficiency; (6) Roles of economic systems, supply chains and financial mechanisms in improving energy efficiency; and (7) The interactions, unintended consequences and rebound effects of energy efficiency interventions. Given the consistent centrality of energy efficiency in policy programmes, this paper highlights that well-developed SSH approaches are ready to be mobilised to contribute to the development, and/or to understand the implications, of energy efficiency measures and governance solutions. Implicitly, it also emphasises the heterogeneity of SSH policy evidence that can be produced. The agenda will be of use for both (1) those new to the energy-SSH field (including policyworkers), for learnings on the capabilities and capacities of energy-SSH, and (2) established energy-SSH researchers, for insights on the collectively held futures of energy-SSH research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Foulds
- Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Royston
- Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Berker
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Centre for Technology and Society, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Efi Nakopoulou
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Rosie Robison
- Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simone Abram
- Department of Anthropology, and Durham Energy Institute, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Branko Ančić
- Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stathis Arapostathis
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriel Badescu
- Department of Political Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Richard Bull
- School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jed Cohen
- Salt River Project Integrated System Planning & Support, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Tessa Dunlop
- Unit H1 Knowledge for Policy: Concepts and Methods, European Commission, Directorate-General Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Niall Dunphy
- School of Engineering and Architecture, and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claire Dupont
- Department of Public Governance and Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corinna Fischer
- Sustainable Products and Material Flows Division, Oeko-Institut e.V., Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kirsten Gram-Hanssen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine Grandclément
- Research Group on Energy, Technology and Society, Électricité de France (EDF), Paris, France
| | - Eva Heiskanen
- Centre for Consumer Society Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maria Jeliazkova
- Department of Public Policies and Social Changes, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Helge Jörgens
- Department of Political Science and Public Policy, Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margit Keller
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Florian Kern
- Ecological Economics and Environmental Policy, Institute for Ecological Economy Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lombardi
- Urban & Regional Inter-university Department, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Michael Ornetzeder
- Institute of Technology Assessment, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter J. G. Pearson
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Harald Rohracher
- Department of Thematic Studies—Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marlyne Sahakian
- Department of Sociology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ramazan Sari
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karina Standal
- CICERO—Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lidija Živčič
- Focus Association for Sustainable Development, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mulema J, Day R, Nunda W, Akutse KS, Bruce AY, Gachamba S, Haukeland S, Kahuthia-Gathu R, Kibet S, Koech A, Kosiom T, Miano DW, Momanyi G, Murungi LK, Muthomi JW, Mwangi J, Mwangi M, Mwendo N, Nderitu JH, Nyasani J, Otipa M, Wambugu S, Were E, Makale F, Doughty L, Edgington S, Rwomushana I, Kenis M. Prioritization of invasive alien species with the potential to threaten agriculture and biodiversity in Kenya through horizon scanning. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) rank among the most significant drivers of species extinction and ecosystem degradation resulting in significant impacts on socio-economic development. The recent exponential spread of IAS in most of Africa is attributed to poor border biosecurity due to porous borders that have failed to prevent initial introductions. In addition, countries lack adequate information about potential invasions and have limited capacity to reduce the risk of invasions. Horizon scanning is an approach that prioritises the risks of potential IAS through rapid assessments. A group of 28 subject matter experts used an adapted methodology to assess 1700 potential IAS on a 5-point scale for the likelihood of entry and establishment, potential socio-economic impact, and impact on biodiversity. The individual scores were combined to rank the species according to their overall potential risk for the country. Confidence in individual and overall scores was recorded on a 3-point scale. This resulted in a priority list of 120 potential IAS (70 arthropods, 9 nematodes, 15 bacteria, 19 fungi/chromist, 1 viroid, and 6 viruses). Options for risk mitigation such as full pest risk analysis and detection surveys were suggested for prioritised species while species for which no immediate action was suggested, were added to the plant health risk register and a recommendation was made to regularly monitor the change in risk. By prioritising risks, horizon scanning guides resource allocation to interventions that are most likely to reduce risk and is very useful to National Plant Protection Organisations and other relevant stakeholders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bisbal GA. The researcher's lament: Why do they ignore my science? Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Bisbal
- United States Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center Reston Virginia USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MacLeod CJ, Brandt AJ, Dicks LV. Facilitating the wise use of experts and evidence to inform local environmental decisions. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynn V. Dicks
- University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Robinson JM, Redvers N, Camargo A, Bosch CA, Breed MF, Brenner LA, Carney MA, Chauhan A, Dasari M, Dietz LG, Friedman M, Grieneisen L, Hoisington AJ, Horve PF, Hunter A, Jech S, Jorgensen A, Lowry CA, Man I, Mhuireach G, Navarro-Pérez E, Ritchie EG, Stewart JD, Watkins H, Weinstein P, Ishaq SL. Twenty Important Research Questions in Microbial Exposure and Social Equity. mSystems 2022; 7:e0124021. [PMID: 35089060 PMCID: PMC8725600 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01240-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Social and political policy, human activities, and environmental change affect the ways in which microbial communities assemble and interact with people. These factors determine how different social groups are exposed to beneficial and/or harmful microorganisms, meaning microbial exposure has an important socioecological justice context. Therefore, greater consideration of microbial exposure and social equity in research, planning, and policy is imperative. Here, we identify 20 research questions considered fundamentally important to promoting equitable exposure to beneficial microorganisms, along with safeguarding resilient societies and ecosystems. The 20 research questions we identified span seven broad themes, including the following: (i) sociocultural interactions; (ii) Indigenous community health and well-being; (iii) humans, urban ecosystems, and environmental processes; (iv) human psychology and mental health; (v) microbiomes and infectious diseases; (vi) human health and food security; and (vii) microbiome-related planning, policy, and outreach. Our goal was to summarize this growing field and to stimulate impactful research avenues while providing focus for funders and policymakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Robinson
- University of Sheffield, Department of Landscape Architecture, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Redvers
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | | | - Christina A. Bosch
- Department of Literacy, Early, Bilingual and Special Education, Kremen School of Education and Human Development, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Martin F. Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa A. Brenner
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan A. Carney
- School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ashvini Chauhan
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology and Center for Regional Food Studies, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Leslie G. Dietz
- University of Oregon, Biology and the Built Environment Center, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Friedman
- American International College of Arts and Sciences of Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda, West Indies
| | - Laura Grieneisen
- Department of Genetics, Cell, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Patrick F. Horve
- University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Ally Hunter
- Department of Student Development, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sierra Jech
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Jorgensen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ioana Man
- Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gwynne Mhuireach
- Department of Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Edauri Navarro-Pérez
- Program of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin D. Stewart
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Watkins
- St. Andrews Botanic Garden, Canongate, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- Bio-integrated Design Lab, Bartlett School of Architecture, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Suzanne L. Ishaq
- University of Maine, School of Food and Agriculture, Orono, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kenis M, Agboyi LK, Adu-Acheampong R, Ansong M, Arthur S, Attipoe PT, Baba ASM, Beseh P, Clottey VA, Combey R, Dzomeku I, Eddy-Doh MA, Fening KO, Frimpong-Anin K, Hevi W, Lekete-Lawson E, Nboyine JA, Ohene-Mensah G, Oppong-Mensah B, Nuamah HSA, van der Puije G, Mulema J. Horizon scanning for prioritising invasive alien species with potential to threaten agriculture and biodiversity in Ghana. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.71.72577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) continue to shape the global landscape through their effects on biological diversity and agricultural productivity. The effects are particularly pronounced in Sub-Saharan Africa, which has seen the arrival of many IAS in recent years. This has been attributed to porous borders, weak cross border biosecurity, and inadequate capacity to limit or stop invasions. Prediction and early detection of IAS, as well as mechanisms of containment and eradication, are needed in the fight against this global threat. Horizon scanning is an approach that enables gathering of information on risk and impact that can support IAS management. A study was conducted in Ghana to establish two ranked lists of potential invasive alien plant pest species that could be harmful to agriculture, forestry, and the environment, and to rank them according to their potential threat. The ultimate objective was to enable prioritization of actions including pest risk analysis, prevention, surveillance and contingency plans. Prioritisation was carried out using an adapted version of horizon scanning and consensus methods developed for ranking IAS worldwide. Following a horizon scan of invasive alien species not yet officially present in Ghana, a total of 110 arthropod and 64 pathogenic species were assessed through a simplified pest risk assessment. Sixteen species, of which 14 were arthropods and two pathogens, had not been recorded on the African continent at the time of assessment. The species recorded in Africa included 19 arthropod and 46 pathogenic species which were already recorded in the neighbouring countries of Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo. The majority of arthropod species were likely to arrive as contaminants on commodities, followed by a sizable number which were likely to arrive as stowaways, while some species were capable of long distance dispersal unaided. The main actions suggested for species that scored highly included full pest risk analyses and, for species recorded in neighbouring countries, surveys to determine their presence in Ghana were recommended.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vogel SM, Pasgaard M, Svenning J. Joining forces toward proactive elephant and rhinoceros conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13726. [PMID: 33634491 PMCID: PMC9290625 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Proactive approaches that anticipate the long-term effects of current and future conservation threats could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of biodiversity conservation. However, such approaches can be obstructed by a lack of knowledge of habitat requirements for wildlife. To aggregate and assess the suitability of current information available on habitat requirements needed for proactive conservation, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on elephant and rhinoceros habitat requirements and synthesized data by combining a vote counting assessment with bibliometric and term maps. We contextualized these numeric and terminological results with a narrative review. We mapped current methods, results, terminology, and collaborations of 693 studies. Quantitative evidence for factors that influence the suitability of an area for elephants and rhinoceros was biased toward African savanna elephants and ecological variables. Less than one third of holistic approaches considered equal amounts of ecological and anthropogenic variables in their assessments. There was a general lack of quantitative evidence for direct proxies of anthropogenic variables that were expected to play an important role based on qualitative evidence and policy documents. However, there was evidence for a segregation in conceptual frameworks among countries and species and between science versus policy literature. There was also evidence of unused potential for collaborations among southern hemisphere researchers. Our results indicated that the success of proactive conservation interventions can be increased if ecological and anthropogenic dimensions are integrated into holistic habitat assessments and holistic carrying capacities and quantitative evidence for anthropogenic variables is improved. To avoid wasting limited resources, it is necessary to form inclusive collaborations within and across networks of researchers studying different species across regional and continental borders and in the science-policy realm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Marieke Vogel
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maya Pasgaard
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Section for Geography, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pratchett MS, Caballes CF, Cvitanovic C, Raymundo ML, Babcock RC, Bonin MC, Bozec YM, Burn D, Byrne M, Castro-Sanguino C, Chen CCM, Condie SA, Cowan ZL, Deaker DJ, Desbiens A, Devantier LM, Doherty PJ, Doll PC, Doyle JR, Dworjanyn SA, Fabricius KE, Haywood MDE, Hock K, Hoggett AK, Høj L, Keesing JK, Kenchington RA, Lang BJ, Ling SD, Matthews SA, McCallum HI, Mellin C, Mos B, Motti CA, Mumby PJ, Stump RJW, Uthicke S, Vail L, Wolfe K, Wilson SK. Knowledge Gaps in the Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Pacific Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star Acanthaster sp. on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 241:330-346. [PMID: 35015620 DOI: 10.1086/717026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCrown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster sp.) are among the most studied coral reef organisms, owing to their propensity to undergo major population irruptions, which contribute to significant coral loss and reef degradation throughout the Indo-Pacific. However, there are still important knowledge gaps pertaining to the biology, ecology, and management of Acanthaster sp. Renewed efforts to advance understanding and management of Pacific crown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster sp.) on Australia's Great Barrier Reef require explicit consideration of relevant and tractable knowledge gaps. Drawing on established horizon scanning methodologies, this study identified contemporary knowledge gaps by asking active and/or established crown-of-thorns sea star researchers to pose critical research questions that they believe should be addressed to improve the understanding and management of crown-of-thorns sea stars on the Great Barrier Reef. A total of 38 participants proposed 246 independent research questions, organized into 7 themes: feeding ecology, demography, distribution and abundance, predation, settlement, management, and environmental change. Questions were further assigned to 48 specific topics nested within the 7 themes. During this process, redundant questions were removed, which reduced the total number of distinct research questions to 172. Research questions posed were mostly related to themes of demography (46 questions) and management (48 questions). The dominant topics, meanwhile, were the incidence of population irruptions (16 questions), feeding ecology of larval sea stars (15 questions), effects of elevated water temperature on crown-of-thorns sea stars (13 questions), and predation on juveniles (12 questions). While the breadth of questions suggests that there is considerable research needed to improve understanding and management of crown-of-thorns sea stars on the Great Barrier Reef, the predominance of certain themes and topics suggests a major focus for new research while also providing a roadmap to guide future research efforts.
Collapse
|
25
|
MacLeod CJ, Brandt AJ, Collins K, Dicks LV. Giving stakeholders a voice in governance: Biodiversity priorities for New Zealand's agriculture. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lynn V. Dicks
- University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dicks LV, Breeze TD, Ngo HT, Senapathi D, An J, Aizen MA, Basu P, Buchori D, Galetto L, Garibaldi LA, Gemmill-Herren B, Howlett BG, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Johnson SD, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Kwon YJ, Lattorff HMG, Lungharwo T, Seymour CL, Vanbergen AJ, Potts SG. A global-scale expert assessment of drivers and risks associated with pollinator decline. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1453-1461. [PMID: 34400826 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator decline has attracted global attention and substantial efforts are underway to respond through national pollinator strategies and action plans. These policy responses require clarity on what is driving pollinator decline and what risks it generates for society in different parts of the world. Using a formal expert elicitation process, we evaluated the relative regional and global importance of eight drivers of pollinator decline and ten consequent risks to human well-being. Our results indicate that global policy responses should focus on reducing pressure from changes in land cover and configuration, land management and pesticides, as these were considered very important drivers in most regions. We quantify how the importance of drivers and risks from pollinator decline, differ among regions. For example, losing access to managed pollinators was considered a serious risk only for people in North America, whereas yield instability in pollinator-dependent crops was classed as a serious or high risk in four regions but only a moderate risk in Europe and North America. Overall, perceived risks were substantially higher in the Global South. Despite extensive research on pollinator decline, our analysis reveals considerable scientific uncertainty about what this means for human society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn V Dicks
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Tom D Breeze
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
| | | | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
| | - Jiandong An
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo A Aizen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Parthiba Basu
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Jalan Pajajaran, Indonesia.,Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Galetto
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas A Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Río Negro, Argentina
| | | | - Brad G Howlett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Steven D Johnson
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - Yong Jung Kwon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | - Colleen L Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Segovia-Salcedo MC, Caiza Guamba JC, Kessler M, Ramsay PM, Boza Espinoza TE, Renison D, Quispe-Melgar HR, Urquiaga-Flores E, Rodriguez-Caton M, Ames-Martínez FN, Carabajo-Hidalgo A, Cabrera-Amaya DM, Romoleroux K. ¿Cómo avanzar en la conservación de los bosques de Polylepis y su diversidad biológica? NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2021.1953895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kessler
- Instituto de Botánica Sistemática y Evolutiva, Universidad de Zurich, Zurich, Suiza
| | - Paul Michael Ramsay
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico‐Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, México
| | - Tatiana Espinoza Boza Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, Perú
- Herbario Vargas CUZ. Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Daniel Renison
- Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Dr. Ricardo Luti. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Erickson Urquiaga-Flores
- Instituto de Botánica Sistemática y Evolutiva, Universidad de Zurich, Zurich, Suiza
- Herbario Vargas CUZ. Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | | | | | - Aldemar Carabajo-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Diego M Cabrera-Amaya
- Yoluka ONG, Fundación de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Conservación, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Katya Romoleroux
- Escuela De Ciencias Biológicas. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Skórka P, Banach A, Banasiak M, Bokalska-Rajba J, Bonk M, Czachura P, García-Rodríguez A, Gaspar G, Hordyńska N, Kaczmarczyk A, Kapłoniak K, Kociński M, Łopata B, Mazur E, Mirzaei M, Misiewicz A, Parres A, Przystałkowska A, Pustkowiak S, Raczyński M, Sadura I, Splitt A, Stanek M, Sternalski J, Wierzbicka A, Wiorek M, Zduńczyk P. Congruence between the prioritisation of conservation problems at the local and national scale: an evaluation by environmental scientists in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35317-35326. [PMID: 34100204 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic pressure on the environment depends on the spatial scale. It is crucial to prioritise conservation actions at different spatial scales to be cost-efficient. Using horizon scanning with the Delphi technique, we asked what the most important conservation problems are in Poland at local and national scales. Twenty-six participants, PhD students, individually identified conservation issues important at the local and national scales. Each problem was then scored and classified into broader categories during the round discussions. Text mining, cross-sectional analyses, and frequency tests were used to compare the context, importance scores, and frequency of identified problems between the two scales, respectively. A total of 115 problems were identified at the local scale and 122 at the national scale. Among them, 30 problems were identical for both scales. Importance scores were higher for national than local problems; however, this resulted from different sets of problems identified at the two scales. Problems linked to urbanisation, education, and management were associated with the local scale. Problems related to policy, forestry, and consumerism were more frequent at the national scale. An efficient conservation policy should be built hierarchically (e.g. introducing adaptive governance), implementing solutions at a national scale with the flexibility to adjust for local differences and to address the most pressing issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Banach
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Banasiak
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bokalska-Rajba
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Bonk
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Czachura
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alberto García-Rodríguez
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gaspar
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adriana Kaczmarczyk
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kapłoniak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Kociński
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Łopata
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Mazur
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mohamadreza Mirzaei
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Misiewicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aida Parres
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Przystałkowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pustkowiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Raczyński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Sadura
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Splitt
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Sternalski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Wierzbicka
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Marcin Wiorek
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zduńczyk
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen S, Sun GZ, Wang Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Liu P, Deng Y, Cao DF, Zhang MX, Ong S, Zhang ZY, Yang HP, Wang QY, Wang B, Zheng X, Lei Y, Li C, Sun J, Bao MW, Yang ZC, Guan L, Sun YK, Zhou FY, Liu JX, Li LL, Wang F, Corlett RT, Quan RC, Chen MY, Zhang L, Shi K, Campos-Arceiz A. A multistakeholder exercise to identify research and conservation priorities for Asian elephants in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
30
|
Nielsen KS, Marteau TM, Bauer JM, Bradbury RB, Broad S, Burgess G, Burgman M, Byerly H, Clayton S, Espelosin D, Ferraro PJ, Fisher B, Garnett EE, Jones JPG, Otieno M, Polasky S, Ricketts TH, Trevelyan R, van der Linden S, Veríssimo D, Balmford A. Biodiversity conservation as a promising frontier for behavioural science. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:550-556. [PMID: 33986518 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human activities are degrading ecosystems worldwide, posing existential threats for biodiversity and humankind. Slowing and reversing this degradation will require profound and widespread changes to human behaviour. Behavioural scientists are therefore well placed to contribute intellectual leadership in this area. This Perspective aims to stimulate a marked increase in the amount and breadth of behavioural research addressing this challenge. First, we describe the importance of the biodiversity crisis for human and non-human prosperity and the central role of human behaviour in reversing this decline. Next, we discuss key gaps in our understanding of how to achieve behaviour change for biodiversity conservation and suggest how to identify key behaviour changes and actors capable of improving biodiversity outcomes. Finally, we outline the core components for building a robust evidence base and suggest priority research questions for behavioural scientists to explore in opening a new frontier of behavioural science for the benefit of nature and human wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan M Bauer
- Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Richard B Bradbury
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, Sandy, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Burgman
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hilary Byerly
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Susan Clayton
- Psychology Department, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Dulce Espelosin
- Center for Behavior and the Environment, Rare, Querétaro, México
| | - Paul J Ferraro
- Carey Business School and the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, a joint department of the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan Fisher
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Environmental Program, Rubinstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Emma E Garnett
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia P G Jones
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Mark Otieno
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
- Natural Capital Project, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Taylor H Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Environmental Program, Rubinstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Balmford
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Taylor NG, Grillas P, Al Hreisha H, Balkız Ö, Borie M, Boutron O, Catita A, Champagnon J, Cherif S, Çiçek K, Costa LT, Dakki M, Fois M, Galewski T, Galli A, Georgiadis NM, Green AJ, Hermoso V, Kapedani R, Lange MA, Mateljak Z, Osta M, Papastergiadou E, Papazoglou C, Sabater S, Samraoui B, Samraoui F, Bachir AS, Tankovic E, Thévenet M, Troya A, Sutherland WJ. The future for Mediterranean wetlands: 50 key issues and 50 important conservation research questions. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33776560 PMCID: PMC7982080 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-020-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wetlands are critically important for biodiversity and human wellbeing, but face a range of challenges. This is especially true in the Mediterranean region, where wetlands support endemic and threatened species and remain integral to human societies, but have been severely degraded in recent decades. Here, in order to raise awareness of future challenges and opportunities for Mediterranean wetlands, and to inform proactive research and management, we identified (a) 50 key issues that might affect Mediterranean wetlands between 2020 and 2050, and (b) 50 important research questions that, if answered, would have the greatest impact on the conservation of Mediterranean wetlands between 2020 and 2050. We gathered ideas through an online survey and review of recent literature. A diverse assessment panel prioritised ideas through an iterative, anonymised, Delphi-like process of scoring, voting and discussion. The prioritised issues included some that are already well known but likely to have a large impact on Mediterranean wetlands in the next 30 years (e.g. the accumulation of dams and reservoirs, plastic pollution and weak governance), and some that are currently overlooked in the context of Mediterranean wetlands (e.g. increasing desalination capacity and development of antimicrobial resistance). Questions largely focused on how best to carry out conservation interventions, or understanding the impacts of threats to inform conservation decision-making. This analysis will support research, policy and practice related to environmental conservation and sustainable development in the Mediterranean, and provides a model for similar analyses elsewhere in the world. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-020-01743-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G. Taylor
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Patrick Grillas
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
| | | | - Özge Balkız
- Doğa Koruma Merkezi (Nature Conservation Centre), Çiğdem Mah. 1594. Sok. No:3 06530, Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Maud Borie
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Olivier Boutron
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Ana Catita
- Development and Innovation Network (RCDI), Centro Empresarial de Grândola, Fracção E - Incubadora de Empresas- Estrada da Aldeia do Futuro, 7570-272 Grândola, Portugal
- Associação Portuguesa de Geógrafos, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Av. Professor Aníbal Bettencourt, n.° 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João D’Ávila, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Jocelyn Champagnon
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Semia Cherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Matériaux et de l’Environnement pour le Développement Durable (LR18ES10), ISSBAT, Université de Tunis El Manar, 9 Avenue Zouheir Essefi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kerim Çiçek
- Section of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luís T. Costa
- MAVA Foundation, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Dakki
- Département de Zoologie et Écologie Animale, Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Centre d’Etude des Migrations d’Oiseaux (CEMO), Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mauro Fois
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Thomas Galewski
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Alessandro Galli
- Global Footprint Network, Avenue Louis-Casaï, 18, 1209 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Andy J. Green
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Solsona, Spain
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland Australia
| | - Rezart Kapedani
- Regional Environmental Center Albania, Rr. Ismail Qemali, No. 27, Kati/Floor 3, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Manfred A. Lange
- Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Future Earth MENA Regional Center at the Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Maher Osta
- Society for the Protection of Nature in Lebanon, Awad Bldg, 6th Floor, Abdel Aziz Street, P.O. Box 11-5665, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Papastergiadou
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus Rio, Patras, 26500 Greece
| | | | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, 17003 Spain
| | - Boudjéma Samraoui
- Department of Biology, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Conservation des Zones Humides, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Farrah Samraoui
- Laboratoire de Conservation des Zones Humides, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
- Department of Ecology, University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Si Bachir
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Eva Tankovic
- Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative (PIM), Lycée des Calanques, 89 Traverse Parangon, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Thévenet
- Mediterranean Small Islands Initiative (PIM), Lycée des Calanques, 89 Traverse Parangon, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Troya
- IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, C/ Marie Curie 22, Edif. Habitec, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cartagena‐Matos B, Lugué K, Fonseca P, Marques TA, Prieto R, Alves F. Trends in cetacean research in the Eastern North Atlantic. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cartagena‐Matos
- cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Portugal
| | - Klervi Lugué
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM) Funchal Portugal
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Portugal
| | - Tiago A. Marques
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Centro de Estatística e Aplicações Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rui Prieto
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre of Azores Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) University of the AzoresPortugal
| | - Filipe Alves
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM) Funchal Portugal
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARDITI, Madeira Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pascual D, Åkerman J, Becher M, Callaghan TV, Christensen TR, Dorrepaal E, Emanuelsson U, Giesler R, Hammarlund D, Hanna E, Hofgaard A, Jin H, Johansson C, Jonasson C, Klaminder J, Karlsson J, Lundin E, Michelsen A, Olefeldt D, Persson A, Phoenix GK, Rączkowska Z, Rinnan R, Ström L, Tang J, Varner RK, Wookey P, Johansson M. The missing pieces for better future predictions in subarctic ecosystems: A Torneträsk case study. AMBIO 2021; 50:375-392. [PMID: 32920769 PMCID: PMC7782653 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arctic and subarctic ecosystems are experiencing substantial changes in hydrology, vegetation, permafrost conditions, and carbon cycling, in response to climatic change and other anthropogenic drivers, and these changes are likely to continue over this century. The total magnitude of these changes results from multiple interactions among these drivers. Field measurements can address the overall responses to different changing drivers, but are less capable of quantifying the interactions among them. Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of ecosystem changes, and the magnitude of their direct and indirect impacts on subarctic ecosystems, is missing. The Torneträsk area, in the Swedish subarctic, has an unrivalled history of environmental observation over 100 years, and is one of the most studied sites in the Arctic. In this study, we summarize and rank the drivers of ecosystem change in the Torneträsk area, and propose research priorities identified, by expert assessment, to improve predictions of ecosystem changes. The research priorities identified include understanding impacts on ecosystems brought on by altered frequency and intensity of winter warming events, evapotranspiration rates, rainfall, duration of snow cover and lake-ice, changed soil moisture, and droughts. This case study can help us understand the ongoing ecosystem changes occurring in the Torneträsk area, and contribute to improve predictions of future ecosystem changes at a larger scale. This understanding will provide the basis for the future mitigation and adaptation plans needed in a changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didac Pascual
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Åkerman
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Becher
- Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, 751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Terry V. Callaghan
- Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
- Department of Botany, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, Russia 634050
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Urban Emanuelsson
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Mobergavägen 19, 373 54 Senoren, Sweden
| | - Reiner Giesler
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan Hammarlund
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edward Hanna
- School of Geography, Think Tank, Ruston Way, Lincoln, LN6 7FL UK
| | - Annika Hofgaard
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Torgarden, P.O. Box 5685, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hongxiao Jin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Jonasson
- Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, Box 513, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Karlsson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Lundin
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Luleå tekniska universitet, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - David Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Andreas Persson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gareth K. Phoenix
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Zofia Rączkowska
- Department of Geoenvironmental Research, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation PAS, Św. Jana 22, 31-018 Kraków, Poland
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lena Ström
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall Rm 455, 8 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Philip Wookey
- Biology and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland UK
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Buxton RT, Nyboer EA, Pigeon KE, Raby GD, Rytwinski T, Gallagher AJ, Schuster R, Lin H, Fahrig L, Bennett JR, Cooke SJ, Roche DG. Avoiding wasted research resources in conservation science. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Graham D. Raby
- Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Trina Rytwinski
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Hsien‐Yung Lin
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Joseph R. Bennett
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Dominique G. Roche
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang X, Song Y, Hu X. Deploying Spatial Data for Coastal Community Resilience: A Review from the Managerial Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:830. [PMID: 33478056 PMCID: PMC7835848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of spatial data for coastal community resilience applications has diversified as a consequence of the increasing availability of data, and extensive development in data processing. However, the true value of spatial data is not fully exploited as a result of lacking scientific managerial models that incorporate spatial data into decision-making. This article synthesizes the cross-disciplinary literature review on deploying spatial data for coastal community resilience from the managerial perspective. It systematically reviews research addressing the topic of deploying spatial data for coastal resilience operations from the earliest available to 1999. The review uses 142 studies to address three research questions: (1) What kind of data can be obtained for coastal resilience situational awareness? (2) What outcomes have spatial data attributed to coastal resilience applications? and (3) What are the missing pieces (gaps) in connecting the spatial data with coastal resilience applications? In addressing these research questions, the authors review articles based on three dimensions including the availability of spatial data, the availability of applications, and limitations. Based on the findings of the analysis, the authors conclude that the managerial perspective of deploying spatial data in coastal hazards are understudies, and outline problem formulation, mission prioritization, and information salience as an agenda for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiameng Huang
- School of Navigation Engineering, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China;
| | - Yanqing Song
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Xuan Hu
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dietz S, Beazley KF, Lemieux CJ, St. Clair C, Coristine L, Higgs E, Smith R, Pellatt M, Beaty C, Cheskey E, Cooke SJ, Crawford L, Davis R, Forbes G, Gadallah F(Z, Kendall P, Mandrak N, Moola F, Parker S, Quayle J, Ray JC, Richardson K, Smith K, Snider J, Smol JP, Sutherland WJ, Vallillee A, White L, Woodley A. Emerging issues for protected and conserved areas in Canada. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizon scanning is increasingly used in conservation to systematically explore emerging policy and management issues. We present the results of a horizon scan of issues likely to impact management of Canadian protected and conserved areas over the next 5–10 years. Eighty-eight individuals participated, representing a broad community of academics, government and nongovernment organizations, and foundations, including policymakers and managers of protected and conserved areas. This community initially identified 187 issues, which were subsequently triaged to 15 horizon issues by a group of 33 experts using a modified Delphi technique. Results were organized under four broad categories: ( i) emerging effects of climate change in protected and conserved areas design, planning, and management (i.e., large-scale ecosystem changes, species translocation, fire regimes, ecological integrity, and snow patterns); ( ii) Indigenous governance and knowledge systems (i.e., Indigenous governance and Indigenous knowledge and Western science); ( iii) integrated conservation approaches across landscapes and seascapes (i.e., connectivity conservation, integrating ecosystem values and services, freshwater planning); and ( iv) early responses to emerging cumulative, underestimated, and novel threats (i.e., management of cumulative impacts, declining insect biomass, increasing anthropogenic noise, synthetic biology). Overall, the scan identified several emerging issues that require immediate attention to effectively reduce threats, respond to opportunities, and enhance preparedness and capacity to react.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dietz
- Ecosystem Science Laboratory, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | - Karen F. Beazley
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Lemieux
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Colleen St. Clair
- Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Laura Coristine
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Gatineau, QC, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Eric Higgs
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Risa Smith
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature/World Commission on Protected Areas
| | - Marlow Pellatt
- Ecosystem Science Laboratory, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J. Cooke
- Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lindsay Crawford
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Rob Davis
- Ontario Parks, Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada
| | - Graham Forbes
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Fawziah (ZuZu) Gadallah
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Gatineau, QC, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | | | - Nick Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Faisal Moola
- Geography, Environment & Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Scott Parker
- Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | | | - Justina C. Ray
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 3A7, Canada
| | - Karen Richardson
- Ecosystem Science Laboratory, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment and Conservation Directorate, Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau QC J8X 0B3, Canada
| | - Kevin Smith
- Ducks Unlimited Canada, Edmonton, AB T5S 0A2, Canada
| | - James Snider
- World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, ON M5V 1S8, Canada
| | - John P. Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - William J Sutherland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s, St Catharine’s College, Cambridge CB2 1RL, UK
| | | | - Lori White
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Alison Woodley
- Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, Ottawa, ON K2P 0A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Moro D, Morris K, van Leeuwen S, Davie H. A framework of integrated research for managing introduced predators in the Pilbara bioregion, Western Australia. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/am20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effective control of wild dogs, feral cats and foxes is of primary interest to land managers, both for biodiversity conservation and for the protection of livestock. Control programs primarily target single species within the context of biodiversity conservation or livestock practices, but their effectiveness in depressing predator densities is unclear because monitoring is limited or not conducted. Here, we review and discuss the outcomes of a workshop to identify research priorities for managing predation on native fauna by introduced predators in the Pilbara bioregion in Western Australia. We suggest that the control of introduced predators will be most effective if it is implemented at a landscape-scale comprising integrated predator management that considers interspecific (predator) interactions combined with standardised monitoring to measure the effectiveness and benefits of control. Four research themes were identified: (1) collation and collection of baseline data, (2) effective monitoring of introduced predators, (3) understanding functional (ecological) roles of introduced predators within the different ecosystem contexts, and (4) identifying novel complementary approaches to protect threatened species. These themes collectively include research areas that invest in foundational, ecological and alternative biological parameters in research to close knowledge gaps related to the functional roles of introduced predators in the landscape. Addressing these research themes will assist land managers to achieve outcomes that address the needs of both biodiversity conservation and pastoral production. This framework is timely given the ongoing investment in offset funding being mobilised in the region.
Collapse
|
38
|
Cooke SJ, Bergman JN, Madliger CL, Cramp RL, Beardall J, Burness G, Clark TD, Dantzer B, de la Barrera E, Fangue NA, Franklin CE, Fuller A, Hawkes LA, Hultine KR, Hunt KE, Love OP, MacMillan HA, Mandelman JW, Mark FC, Martin LB, Newman AEM, Nicotra AB, Raby GD, Robinson SA, Ropert-Coudert Y, Rummer JL, Seebacher F, Todgham AE, Tomlinson S, Chown SL. One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab009. [PMID: 33859825 PMCID: PMC8035967 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners and policy makers. Relevant and robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with the actionable evidence needed to inform conservation decisions. In the Anthropocene, science that leads to meaningful improvements in biodiversity conservation, restoration and management is desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline that is well-positioned to identify the mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses to environmental change and test different in situ and ex situ conservation interventions for diverse taxa and ecosystems. Here we present a consensus list of 10 priority research themes. Within each theme we identify specific research questions (100 in total), answers to which will address conservation problems and should improve the management of biological resources. The themes frame a set of research questions related to the following: (i) adaptation and phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human-induced environmental change; (iii) human-wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers and monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement and communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) restoration actions; (ix) threatened species; and (x) urban systems. The themes and questions will hopefully guide and inspire researchers while also helping to demonstrate to practitioners and policy makers the many ways in which physiology can help to support their decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Corresponding author: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jordanna N Bergman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christine L Madliger
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erick de la Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lucy A Hawkes
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Kathleen E Hunt
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John W Mandelman
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - Felix C Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lynn B Martin
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy E M Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adrienne B Nicotra
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences (SEALS) and Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372—La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Steven L Chown
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pateman RM, de Bruin A, Piirsalu E, Reynolds C, Stokeld E, West SE. Citizen Science for Quantifying and Reducing Food Loss and Food Waste. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.589089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food loss and food waste are urgent global problems relating to environmental and social challenges including biodiversity loss, climate change, health, and malnutrition. Reduction targets have been set, including Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.3, which aims to halve per capita food waste at retail and consumer levels globally by 2030, as well as reduce food losses along production and supply chains. Citizen science, the engagement of members of the public in data collection and other elements of the scientific process, can play a role in tackling the problem of food waste and food loss. In this paper, we scope opportunities for using citizen science to answer 26 priority research questions identified by experts in the field of food waste and food loss as being critical to achieving SDG12.3. We describe how citizen science can be used to quantify and understand causes of food loss and waste. Crucially, we demonstrate the value of citizen science in being not just a data gathering tool but also a method of bringing about change through influencing action, from individual behavior to policy making. Furthermore, we argue the need to bring together all actors in the food system in citizen science projects in order to build shared understanding that will ultimately lead to reduced loss and waste across the food system.
Collapse
|
40
|
Oldekop JA, Rasmussen LV, Agrawal A, Bebbington AJ, Meyfroidt P, Bengston DN, Blackman A, Brooks S, Davidson-Hunt I, Davies P, Dinsi SC, Fontana LB, Gumucio T, Kumar C, Kumar K, Moran D, Mwampamba TH, Nasi R, Nilsson M, Pinedo-Vasquez MA, Rhemtulla JM, Sutherland WJ, Watkins C, Wilson SJ. Forest-linked livelihoods in a globalized world. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1400-1407. [PMID: 33257859 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests have re-taken centre stage in global conversations about sustainability, climate and biodiversity. Here, we use a horizon scanning approach to identify five large-scale trends that are likely to have substantial medium- and long-term effects on forests and forest livelihoods: forest megadisturbances; changing rural demographics; the rise of the middle-class in low- and middle-income countries; increased availability, access and use of digital technologies; and large-scale infrastructure development. These trends represent human and environmental processes that are exceptionally large in geographical extent and magnitude, and difficult to reverse. They are creating new agricultural and urban frontiers, changing existing rural landscapes and practices, opening spaces for novel conservation priorities and facilitating an unprecedented development of monitoring and evaluation platforms that can be used by local communities, civil society organizations, governments and international donors. Understanding these larger-scale dynamics is key to support not only the critical role of forests in meeting livelihood aspirations locally, but also a range of other sustainability challenges more globally. We argue that a better understanding of these trends and the identification of levers for change requires that the research community not only continue to build on case studies that have dominated research efforts so far, but place a greater emphasis on causality and causal mechanisms, and generate a deeper understanding of how local, national and international geographical scales interact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan A Oldekop
- Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research and Engagement (FLARE) Network, School for Environment and Sustainability, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Laura Vang Rasmussen
- Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research and Engagement (FLARE) Network, School for Environment and Sustainability, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arun Agrawal
- Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research and Engagement (FLARE) Network, School for Environment and Sustainability, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony J Bebbington
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Meyfroidt
- Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David N Bengston
- Strategic Foresight Group, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Allen Blackman
- Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., USA
- Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Stephen Brooks
- Office of Land and Urban, Bureau for Economic Growth, Education and Environment, U. S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Iain Davidson-Hunt
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Stanley C Dinsi
- Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Tatiana Gumucio
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Earth Institute, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Chetan Kumar
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Rights and Resources Initiative, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Dominic Moran
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tuyeni H Mwampamba
- Institute for Ecosystems and Sustainability Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Robert Nasi
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Margareta Nilsson
- The International Land and Forest Tenure Facility, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel A Pinedo-Vasquez
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Earth Institute, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Earth Innovation Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanine M Rhemtulla
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Cristy Watkins
- Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research and Engagement (FLARE) Network, School for Environment and Sustainability, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research and Engagement (FLARE) Network, School for Environment and Sustainability, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bertolino S, Ancillotto L, Bartolommei P, Benassi G, Capizzi D, Gasperini S, Lucchesi M, Mori E, Scillitani L, Sozio G, Falaschi M, Ficetola GF, Cerri J, Genovesi P, Carnevali L, Loy A, Monaco A. A framework for prioritising present and potentially invasive mammal species for a national list. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) has recently adopted a regulation on invasive alien species that foresees the possibility of developing lists of species of National Concern. We developed a prioritisation process for alien mammals already established in Italy, but not yet included in the EU list (n = 6 species) and a systematic horizon-scanning procedure to obtain ranked lists for those species that are already introduced worldwide or traded in Italy (n = 213). Experts were asked to score these species, by evaluating their likelihood of establishment and spread and the magnitude of their potential impacts on biodiversity, economy, human-health and society. The manageability of each species was also evaluated, both for the proritisation and the horizon-scanning processes. We produced five lists that ranked species according to their potential spread and impacts and their manageability. These will allow policy-makers to select outputs according to a balance between risk assessment and risk management, establishing priorities for alien species management at the national level.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mammola S, Amorim IR, Bichuette ME, Borges PAV, Cheeptham N, Cooper SJB, Culver DC, Deharveng L, Eme D, Ferreira RL, Fišer C, Fišer Ž, Fong DW, Griebler C, Jeffery WR, Jugovic J, Kowalko JE, Lilley TM, Malard F, Manenti R, Martínez A, Meierhofer MB, Niemiller ML, Northup DE, Pellegrini TG, Pipan T, Protas M, Reboleira ASPS, Venarsky MP, Wynne JJ, Zagmajster M, Cardoso P. Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1855-1872. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR) Corso Tonolli, 50 Pallanza 28922 Italy
| | - Isabel R. Amorim
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Rua Capitão João d'Àvila Pico da Urze Angra do Heroísmo Azores 9700‐042 Portugal
| | - Maria E. Bichuette
- Laboratory of Subterranean Studies Federal University of São Carlos Rodovia Washington Luís km 235 São Carlos São Paulo 13565‐905 Brazil
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Rua Capitão João d'Àvila Pico da Urze Angra do Heroísmo Azores 9700‐042 Portugal
| | - Naowarat Cheeptham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Thompson Rivers University 805 TRU Way Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - Steven J. B. Cooper
- Evolutionary Biology Unit South Australian Museum North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, and Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - David C. Culver
- Department of Environmental Science American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington DC 20016 U.S.A
| | - Louis Deharveng
- UMR7205 – ISYEB Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 45 rue Buffon (CP50) Paris 75005 France
| | - David Eme
- IFREMER Centre Atlantique Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique Rue de l'Île d'Yeu Nantes 44980 France
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
- Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário Lavras Minas Gerais CEP 37202‐553 Brazil
| | - Cene Fišer
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, PO BOX 2995 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
| | - Žiga Fišer
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, PO BOX 2995 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
| | - Daniel W. Fong
- Department of Biology American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington DC 20016 U.S.A
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - William R. Jeffery
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 U.S.A
| | - Jure Jugovic
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies University of Primorska Glagoljaška 8 Koper SI‐6000 Slovenia
| | - Johanna E. Kowalko
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Dr Jupiter FL 33458 U.S.A
| | - Thomas M. Lilley
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
| | - Florian Malard
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Univ. Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Bat. Forel 6 rue Raphaël Dubois Villeurbanne cedex 69622 France
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 26 Milan 20113 Italy
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR) Corso Tonolli, 50 Pallanza 28922 Italy
| | - Melissa B. Meierhofer
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management Texas A&M University 534 John Kimbrough Blvd. College Station TX 77843 U.S.A
| | - Matthew L. Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences The University of Alabama in Huntsville 301 Sparkman Drive NW Huntsville AL 35899 U.S.A
| | - Diana E. Northup
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131‐0001 U.S.A
| | - Thais G. Pellegrini
- Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário Lavras Minas Gerais CEP 37202‐553 Brazil
| | - Tanja Pipan
- ZRC SAZU Karst Research Institute Novi trg 2 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
- UNESCO Chair on Karst Education University of Nova Gorica Vipavska cesta Nova Gorica 5000 Slovenia
| | - Meredith Protas
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Domenicas University of California 50 Acacia Avenue San Rafael CA 94901 U.S.A
| | - Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Michael P. Venarsky
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - J. Judson Wynne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University Box 5640 Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Maja Zagmajster
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, PO BOX 2995 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Leung KM, Yeung KW, You J, Choi K, Zhang X, Smith R, Zhou G, Yung MM, Arias‐Barreiro C, An Y, Burket SR, Dwyer R, Goodkin N, Hii YS, Hoang T, Humphrey C, Iwai CB, Jeong S, Juhel G, Karami A, Kyriazi‐Huber K, Lee K, Lin B, Lu B, Martin P, Nillos MG, Oginawati K, Rathnayake I, Risjani Y, Shoeb M, Tan CH, Tsuchiya MC, Ankley GT, Boxall AB, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1485-1505. [PMID: 32474951 PMCID: PMC7496081 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and human health challenges are pronounced in Asia, an exceptionally diverse and complex region where influences of global megatrends are extensive and numerous stresses to environmental quality exist. Identifying priorities necessary to engage grand challenges can be facilitated through horizon scanning exercises, and to this end we identified and examined 23 priority research questions needed to advance toward more sustainable environmental quality in Asia, as part of the Global Horizon Scanning Project. Advances in environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, biological monitoring, and risk-assessment methodologies are necessary to address the adverse impacts of environmental stressors on ecosystem services and biodiversity, with Asia being home to numerous biodiversity hotspots. Intersections of the food-energy-water nexus are profound in Asia; innovative and aggressive technologies are necessary to provide clean water, ensure food safety, and stimulate energy efficiency, while improving ecological integrity and addressing legacy and emerging threats to public health and the environment, particularly with increased aquaculture production. Asia is the largest chemical-producing continent globally. Accordingly, sustainable and green chemistry and engineering present decided opportunities to stimulate innovation and realize a number of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Engaging the priority research questions identified herein will require transdisciplinary coordination through existing and nontraditional partnerships within and among countries and sectors. Answering these questions will not be easy but is necessary to achieve more sustainable environmental quality in Asia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1485-1505. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M.Y. Leung
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Katie W.Y. Yeung
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and HealthJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Guang‐Jie Zhou
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Humphrey
- Supervising Scientist BranchCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin‐Le Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Ben Lu
- International Copper Association–AsiaShanghaiChina
| | | | - Mae Grace Nillos
- College of Fisheries and Ocean SciencesUniversity of the Philippines VisayasIloilo CityPhilippines
| | | | - I.V.N. Rathnayake
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Science, University of KelaniyaKelaniyaSri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan W. Brooks
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and HealthJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
AbstractMesoamerica is the world's third largest biodiversity hotspot and has c. 4,000 wildlife species protected under CITES. Despite the high biodiversity in the region, there is limited global attention, data and funding for conservation. The continued exploitation of wildlife species for the trade requires a more proactive approach to address emerging trends, and low-cost and effective solutions to prevent species decline. Over a 5-month period in 2017, we used expert-driven horizon scanning, facilitated online, to identify emerging trends of the illegal wildlife trade in Mesoamerica. We found that the main emerging trends included digital and technological advancements, greater regional access to the global community, developments in trafficking techniques and growing demand for certain species. Our findings demonstrate that horizon scanning can be used as a tool for identifying emerging trends of illegal wildlife trade in data-poor contexts. We recommend that horizon scanning is used regularly for systematic monitoring of trends and to prioritize resources for immediate and emerging trends in illegal wildlife trade.
Collapse
|
45
|
Seymour CL, Gillson L, Child MF, Tolley KA, Curie JC, da Silva JM, Alexander GJ, Anderson P, Downs CT, Egoh BN, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Esler KJ, O’Farrell PJ, Skowno AL, Suleman E, Veldtman R. Horizon scanning for South African biodiversity: A need for social engagement as well as science. AMBIO 2020; 49:1211-1221. [PMID: 31564051 PMCID: PMC7128016 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A horizon scan was conducted to identify emerging and intensifying issues for biodiversity conservation in South Africa over the next 5-10 years. South African biodiversity experts submitted 63 issues of which ten were identified as priorities using the Delphi method. These priority issues were then plotted along axes of social agreement and scientific certainty, to ascertain whether issues might be "simple" (amenable to solutions from science alone), "complicated" (socially agreed upon but technically complicated), "complex" (scientifically challenging and significant levels of social disagreement) or "chaotic" (high social disagreement and highly scientifically challenging). Only three of the issues were likely to be resolved by improved science alone, while the remainder require engagement with social, economic and political factors. Fortunately, none of the issues were considered chaotic. Nevertheless, strategic communication, education and engagement with the populace and policy makers were considered vital for addressing emerging issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen L. Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Lindsey Gillson
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Matthew F. Child
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2000 South Africa
| | - Jock C. Curie
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa
| | - Jessica M. da Silva
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Graham J. Alexander
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Pippin Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Colleen T. Downs
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Benis N. Egoh
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - David A. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Yvette C. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Centre for Invasion Biology and Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Patrick J. O’Farrell
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Andrew L. Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Essa Suleman
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
- National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), 232 Boom Street, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Ruan Veldtman
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hughes KA, Pescott OL, Peyton J, Adriaens T, Cottier‐Cook EJ, Key G, Rabitsch W, Tricarico E, Barnes DKA, Baxter N, Belchier M, Blake D, Convey P, Dawson W, Frohlich D, Gardiner LM, González‐Moreno P, James R, Malumphy C, Martin S, Martinou AF, Minchin D, Monaco A, Moore N, Morley SA, Ross K, Shanklin J, Turvey K, Vaughan D, Vaux AGC, Werenkraut V, Winfield IJ, Roy HE. Invasive non-native species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the Antarctic Peninsula region. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2702-2716. [PMID: 31930639 PMCID: PMC7154743 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic is considered to be a pristine environment relative to other regions of the Earth, but it is increasingly vulnerable to invasions by marine, freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. The Antarctic Peninsula region (APR), which encompasses the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands, is by far the most invaded part of the Antarctica continent. The risk of introduction of invasive non-native species to the APR is likely to increase with predicted increases in the intensity, diversity and distribution of human activities. Parties that are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty have called for regional assessments of non-native species risk. In response, taxonomic and Antarctic experts undertook a horizon scanning exercise using expert opinion and consensus approaches to identify the species that are likely to present the highest risk to biodiversity and ecosystems within the APR over the next 10 years. One hundred and three species, currently absent in the APR, were identified as relevant for review, with 13 species identified as presenting a high risk of invading the APR. Marine invertebrates dominated the list of highest risk species, with flowering plants and terrestrial invertebrates also represented; however, vertebrate species were thought unlikely to establish in the APR within the 10 year timeframe. We recommend (a) the further development and application of biosecurity measures by all stakeholders active in the APR, including surveillance for species such as those identified during this horizon scanning exercise, and (b) use of this methodology across the other regions of Antarctica. Without the application of appropriate biosecurity measures, rates of introductions and invasions within the APR are likely to increase, resulting in negative consequences for the biodiversity of the whole continent, as introduced species establish and spread further due to climate change and increasing human activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Hughes
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Tim Adriaens
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Gillian Key
- GB Non‐native Species SecretariatAnimal and Plant Health AgencyYorkUK
| | | | | | | | - Naomi Baxter
- Falkland Islands GovernmentStanleyFalkland Islands
| | - Mark Belchier
- Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich IslandsStanleyFalkland Islands
| | - Denise Blake
- Falkland Islands GovernmentStanleyFalkland Islands
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | | | - Lauren M. Gardiner
- Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge HerbariumCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
| | | | - Ross James
- Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich IslandsStanleyFalkland Islands
| | | | - Stephanie Martin
- The Administrator's OfficeGovernment of Tristan da CunhaEdinburgh of the Seven SeasTristan da Cunha
| | | | - Dan Minchin
- Marine Organism InvestigationsKillaloeIreland
| | - Andrea Monaco
- Directorate Environment and Natural Systems of the Lazio Regional AuthorityRomeItaly
| | - Niall Moore
- GB Non‐native Species SecretariatAnimal and Plant Health AgencyYorkUK
| | - Simon A. Morley
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | | | - Jonathan Shanklin
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | | | - David Vaughan
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - Alexander G. C. Vaux
- Medical Entomology GroupEmergency Response Science & TechnologyPublic Health EnglandSalisburyUK
| | - Victoria Werenkraut
- Laboratorio EcotonoCentro Regional Universitario BarilocheUniversidad Nacional del Comahue/INIBIOMA‐CONICETBarilocheArgentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chwedorzewska KJ, Korczak-Abshire M, Znój A. Is Antarctica under threat of alien species invasion? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1942-1943. [PMID: 31981270 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a rapid development of scientific, logistic and tourist activities, especially in the Antarctic region with the mildest climatic conditions: the Antarctic Peninsula. This region is also exhibiting rapid regional warming and all of the already diagnosed alien species in the Antarctic Treaty Area were found within the Antarctic Peninsula. Identifying potential invasive species that can threaten this pristine area of the Earth helps us to take specific preventive actions. This article is a commentary on Hughes et al., 26, 2702-2716.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Znój
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dey CJ, Rego AI, Midwood JD, Koops MA. A review and meta-analysis of collaborative research prioritization studies in ecology, biodiversity conservation and environmental science. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200012. [PMID: 32183628 PMCID: PMC7126043 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborative research prioritization (CRP) studies have become increasingly popular during the last decade. By bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders, and using a democratic process to create a list of research priorities, these methods purport to identify research topics that will better meet the needs of science users. Here, we review 41 CRP studies in the fields of ecology, biodiversity conservation and environmental science that collectively identify 2031 research priorities. We demonstrate that climate change, ecosystem services and protected areas are common terms found in the research priorities of many CRP studies, and that identified research priorities have become less unique over time. In addition, we show that there is a considerable variation in the size and composition of the groups involved in CRP studies, and that at least one aspect of the identified research priorities (lexical diversity) is related to the size of the CRP group. Although some CRP studies have been highly cited, the evidence that CRP studies have directly motivated research is weak, perhaps because most CRP studies have not directly involved organizations that fund science. We suggest that the most important impact of CRP studies may lie in their ability to connect individuals across sectors and help to build diverse communities of practice around important issues at the science-policy interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Dey
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, CanadaL7S 1A1
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lortie CJ, Braun J, Filazzola A, Miguel F. A checklist for choosing between R packages in ecology and evolution. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1098-1105. [PMID: 32076500 PMCID: PMC7029065 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The open source and free programming language R is a phenomenal mechanism to address a multiplicity of challenges in ecology and evolution. It is also a complex ecosystem because of the diversity of solutions available to the analyst.Packages for R enhance and specialize the capacity to explore both niche data/experiments and more common needs. However, the paradox of choice or how we select between many seemingly similar options can be overwhelming and lead to different potential outcomes.There is extensive choice in ecology and evolution between packages for both fundamental statistics and for more specialized domain-level analyses.Here, we provide a checklist to inform these decisions based on the principles of resilience, need, and integration with scientific workflows for evidence.It is important to explore choices in any analytical coding environment-not just R-for solutions to challenges in ecology and evolution, and document this process because it advances reproducible science, promotes a deeper understand of the scientific evidence, and ensures that the outcomes are correct, representative, and robust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lortie
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- The National Center for Ecological Analysis and SynthesisUCSBSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Jenna Braun
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Florencia Miguel
- National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilCONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
A Horizon Scan of Emerging Global Biological Conservation Issues for 2020. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|