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Ornelas A, Zacharias-Millward N, Menter DG, Davis JS, Lichtenberger L, Hawke D, Hawk E, Vilar E, Bhattacharya P, Millward S. Beyond COX-1: the effects of aspirin on platelet biology and potential mechanisms of chemoprevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:289-303. [PMID: 28762014 PMCID: PMC5557878 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After more than a century, aspirin remains one of the most commonly used drugs in western medicine. Although mainly used for its anti-thrombotic, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties, a multitude of clinical studies have provided convincing evidence that regular, low-dose aspirin use dramatically lowers the risk of cancer. These observations coincide with recent studies showing a functional relationship between platelets and tumors, suggesting that aspirin's chemopreventive properties may result, in part, from direct modulation of platelet biology and biochemistry. Here, we present a review of the biochemistry and pharmacology of aspirin with particular emphasis on its cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase-independent effects in platelets. We also correlate the results of proteomic-based studies of aspirin acetylation in eukaryotic cells with recent developments in platelet proteomics to identify non-cyclooxygenase targets of aspirin-mediated acetylation in platelets that may play a role in its chemopreventive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argentina Ornelas
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niki Zacharias-Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lenard Lichtenberger
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bartelink IH, Savic RM, Dorsey G, Ruel T, Gingrich D, Scherpbier HJ, Capparelli E, Jullien V, Young SL, Achan J, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Kamya M, Havlir D, Aweeka F. The effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics and virologic outcomes of lopinavir, efavirenz and nevirapine in food insecure HIV-infected children in Tororo, Uganda. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:e63-70. [PMID: 25742090 PMCID: PMC4351793 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition may impact the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of antiretroviral medications and virologic responses in HIV-infected children. The authors therefore evaluated the PK of nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and lopinavir (LPV) in associations with nutritional status in a cohort of HIV-infected Ugandan children. METHODS Sparse dried blood spot samples from Ugandan children were used to estimate plasma concentrations. Historical PK data from children from 3 resource-rich countries (RRC) were utilized to develop the PK models. RESULTS Concentrations in 330 dried blood spot from 163 Ugandan children aged 0.7-7 years were analyzed in reference to plasma PK data (1189 samples) from 204 children from RRC aged 0.5-12 years. Among Ugandan children, 48% was malnourished (underweight, thin or stunted). Compared to RRC, Ugandan children exhibited reduced bioavailability of EFV and LPV; 11% (P=0.045) and 18% (P=0.008), respectively. In contrast, NVP bioavailability was 46% higher in Ugandan children (P<0.001) with a trend toward greater bioavailability when malnourished. Children receiving LPV, EFV or NVP had comparable risk of virologic failure. Among children on NVP, low height and weight for age Z scores were associated with reduced risk of virologic failure (P=0.034, P=0.068, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ugandan children demonstrated lower EFV and LPV and higher NVP exposure compared to children in RRC, perhaps reflecting the consequence of malnutrition on bioavailability. In children receiving NVP, the relation between exposure, malnutrition and outcome turned out to be marginally significant. Further investigations are warranted using more intensive PK measurements and adequate adherence assessments, to further assess causes of virologic failure in Ugandan children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke H. Bartelink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rada M. Savic
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Theodore Ruel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Gingrich
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Henriette J. Scherpbier
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Edmund Capparelli
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Jullien
- Department of Pharmacology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris Descartes, France
| | - Sera L. Young
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jane Achan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
| | - Albert Plenty
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Edwin Charlebois
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Moses Kamya
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
| | - Diane Havlir
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Francesca Aweeka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Bartelink IH, Savic RM, Mwesigwa J, Achan J, Clark T, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Kamya M, Young SL, Gandhi M, Havlir D, Cohan D, Aweeka F. Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz in food insecure HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women in Tororo, Uganda. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 54:121-32. [PMID: 24038035 PMCID: PMC3933454 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and food insecurity may impact antiretroviral (ART) pharmacokinetics (PK), adherence and response. We sought to quantify and characterize the PK of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and efavirenz (EFV) by pregnancy and nutritional status among HIV-infected women in Tororo, Uganda. In 2011, 62/225 ante-partum/post-partum single dried blood spot samples DBS and 43 post-partum hair samples for LPV/r were derived from 116 women, 51/194 ante-/post-partum DBS and 53 post-partum hair samples for EFV from 105 women. Eighty percent of Ugandan participants were severely food insecure, 26% lost weight ante-partum, and median BMI post-partum was only 20.2 kg/m(2) . Rich PK-data of normally nourished (pregnant) women and healthy Ugandans established prior information. Overall, drug exposure was reduced (LPV -33%, EFV -15%, ritonavir -17%) compared to well-nourished controls (P < 0.001), attributable to decreased bioavailability. Pregnancy increased LPV/r clearance 68% (P < 0.001), whereas EFV clearance remained unchanged. Hair concentrations correlated with plasma-exposure (P < 0.001), explaining 29% PK-variability. In conclusion, pregnancy and food insecurity were associated with lower ART exposures in this cohort of predominantly underweight women, compared to well-nourished women. Much variability in plasma-exposure was quantified using hair concentrations. Addressing malnutrition as well as ART-PK in this setting should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke H Bartelink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Drug Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Curry SC, Pizon AF, Riley BD, Gerkin RD, Bikin DS. Effect of intravenous albumin infusion on brain salicylate concentration. Acad Emerg Med 2007; 14:508-14. [PMID: 17449793 DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylate poisoning appears to result in death, despite supportive care, once a critical brain salicylate concentration is reached. The binding of salicylate to albumin is saturable; free plasma salicylate concentrations rise disproportionately to total drug levels. Because unbound salicylate distributes into the brain, the authors questioned whether an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of albumin would cause a redistribution of salicylate from the brain back into the plasma, which might allow enough time for hemodialysis to be instituted. OBJECTIVES To determine if i.v. albumin infusion would lower brain salicylate concentrations through redistribution in a porcine model of acute salicylate poisoning. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, 17 swine under anesthesia and controlled ventilation received 400 mg/kg of sodium salicylate i.v. over 15 minutes. At 60 minutes, nine animals received 1.25 g/kg albumin (25% solution) i.v. over 15 minutes, while eight control animals received an equal volume of normal saline (5 mL/kg). Arterial pH was maintained between 7.45 and 7.55. Serial measurements of serum albumin as well as free and total salicylate concentrations were obtained, and urine was collected for measurement of total salicylate excretion. At 180 minutes, animals were killed and brains harvested for measurement of brain salicylate concentrations. RESULTS Average peak serum total salicylate concentrations of 105.5 and 109 mg/dL were achieved in control and albumin-treated animals, respectively. Albumin infusion was accompanied by statistically significant increases in serum total salicylate concentrations (median from 79.5 to 86.9 mg/dL at 75 minutes), while levels decreased slightly in control animals. Serum free salicylate concentrations decreased slightly in albumin-treated animals, but the difference was not statistically significant. Median brain salicylate concentrations were about 14% lower in the albumin treatment group (17.8 mg/100 g brain) compared with controls (20.5 mg/100 g brain); this approached statistical significance (p = 0.075). Median urinary salicylate excretion was higher in the albumin-treated group (0.83 vs. 0.48 g; p = 0.072), with similar urinary pH and volumes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In this animal model of salicylate poisoning, i.v. infusion of 1.25 g/kg albumin was accompanied by a 14% decline in median brain salicylate concentrations, which approached statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Curry
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Il'ichev YV, Perry JL, Rüker F, Dockal M, Simon JD. Interaction of ochratoxin A with human serum albumin. Binding sites localized by competitive interactions with the native protein and its recombinant fragments. Chem Biol Interact 2002; 141:275-93. [PMID: 12385724 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Competitive interactions of ochratoxin A (OTA) and several other acidic compounds were utilized to gain insight into the localization of binding sites and the nature of binding interactions between anionic species and human serum albumin (HSA). Depolarization of OTA fluorescence in the presence of a competing anion was used to quantify ligand-protein interactions. The results obtained were rationalized in terms of OTA displacement from its major binding site. Based on their ability to displace OTA, two distinct groups of the anionic ligands were revealed. The first group contained structurally diverse compounds that shared a common binding site in subdomain IIA (Sudlow Site I). The second group consisted of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which showed much lower affinity to Site I than the OTA dianion. The major site for these drugs was located in domain III. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements of OTA, warfarin (WAR) and naproxen (NAP) complexes with recombinant proteins corresponding to the domains of HSA (D1-D3) revealed binding to all domains but with different affinities. The binding constants for OTA and WAR decreased in the series D2z.Gt;D3>D1. In contrast, NAP showed the most favorable interaction with D3 and comparable affinities to the two remaining domains. The OTA binding constant for D2, 7.9 x 10(5) M(-1), was smaller than the largest constant for HSA by a factor of approximately 7. The binding constant for OTA with D3, 1.1 x 10(5) M(-1), was very close to that of the secondary binding site for HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Il'ichev
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Lares-Asseff I, Flores-Pérez J, Juárez-Olguín H, Ramírez-Lacayo M, Loredo-Abdalá A, Carbajal-Rodríguez L. Influence of nutritional status on the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid and its metabolites in children with autoimmune disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:318-24. [PMID: 9989698 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.2.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether nutritional status associated with autoimmune disease alters the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and its metabolites. OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of the nutritional status of children with autoimmune disease on the disposition of ASA and its metabolites. DESIGN A prospective, open-label study was performed with 21 children aged 3-15 y who required ASA therapy. Children received 25 mg ASA/kg orally. Blood samples were drawn before and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 24.0 h after ASA administration; urine samples were collected at different intervals. ASA and its metabolites were measured in plasma and urine. Nutritional status was assessed previously. RESULTS The ASA maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve, and total clearance were significantly lower in underweight children than in normal-weight children. The elimination rate constants of gentisic acid (GA), salicyluric acid (SUA), and salicylic acid (SA) in plasma were slower for underweight children than for normal-weight children. The distribution volume of SUA increased significantly (r = 0.92) when the deficit percentage in weight-for-height increased. Underweight children excreted less GA and SA, but more SUA, than did normal-weight children. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest a decrease in the hydrolysis and oxidative reactions of the metabolic pathway of ASA and its metabolites in underweight children. The study illustrates the need for pharmacokinetic data to establish the individual doses of drugs, particularly in conditions that alter nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lares-Asseff
- Unidad de Investigación en Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City.
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Claudepierre P, Urien S, Chassany O, Tillement JP. Analysis of free fatty acid effect on methotrexate binding to albumin. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47:415-7. [PMID: 8304986 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The binding of methotrexate to human serum albumin and the inhibitory effect of serum free fatty acids (FFA) have been studied by equilibrium dialysis with radiolabeled methotrexate. Methotrexate was bound to albumin via a single site (1.03 +/- 0.02) with a low affinity (1350 +/- 60 M-1). The effect of FFA on binding by albumin of methotrexate was analysed according to the classical inhibition models with computation of the free inhibitor concentration and was ascribed to an uncompetitive type of inhibition. These results were in agreement with the observed serum binding of methotrexate (45-50%) and allowed the simulation of the effect of various concentrations of FFA on methotrexate albumin binding in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Claudepierre
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris XII, France
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Bredberg E, Paalzow LK. Altered pharmacokinetics and dynamics of apomorphine in the malnourished rat: modeling of the composed relationship between concentration and heart-rate response. Pharm Res 1990; 7:318-24. [PMID: 2362906 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015850802006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The impact of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (change in heart rate) of apomorphine was studied in the rat. One group of rats received a low-protein diet (0.5%) ad libitum to produce prekwashiorkor. The control group received commercial food pellets. In the first experiment, the two groups received a 2 mg/kg iv bolus dose of apomorphine to determine any differences in the basic pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacodynamic characteristics in each group were studied at different steady-state plasma levels, achieved by iv infusions with continuous measurements of the heart rate. There was an almost twofold decrease in the plasma clearance in the malnourished rats compared with controls. A pronounced change in the pharmacodynamic response was also observed in the malnourished group. In the control group, apomorphine produced bradycardia at low concentrations and tachycardia at high concentrations, while only bradycardia was registered in the malnourished group, with maximum effects at steady-state plasma concentrations of 50 ng/ml and a return to baseline at higher concentrations. The effects in control and malnourished rats were fitted simultaneously to the sum of two Hill equations with a nonlinear regression program, and the fits were compared by means of an F test. The maximum pure tachycardia obtainable differed significantly in the prekwashiorkor group compared to the control group. These results suggest a selective down regulation/desensitization only of the receptors responsible for the tachycardia produced by apomorphine during malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bredberg
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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Ghantous H, Dencker L, Gabrielsson J, Danielsson BR, Bergman K. Accumulation and turnover of metabolites of toluene and xylene in nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb in the mouse. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1990; 66:87-92. [PMID: 2315269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1990.tb00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autoradiography of male mice following inhalation of the radioactively labelled solvents, toluene, xylene, and styrene, revealed an accumulation of non-volatile metabolites in the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb of the brain. Since no accumulation occurred after benzene inhalation, it was assumed that the activity represented aromatic acids, which are known metabolites of these solvents. This was supported by the finding that also radioactive benzoic acid (main metabolite of toluene) and salicylic acid accumulated in the olfactory bulb. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that after toluene inhalation (for 1 hr), nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb contained mainly benzoic acid, with a strong accumulation in relation to blood plasma, and considerably less of its glycine conjugate, hippuric acid. After xylene inhalation, on the other hand, methyl hippuric acid dominated over the non-conjugated metabolite, toluic acid. The results indicate a specific, possibly axonal flow-mediated transport of aromatic acids from the nasal mucosa to the olfactory lobe of the brain. The toxicological significance of these results remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ghantous
- Department of Toxicology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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