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Shivaram KB, Bhatt P, Verma MS, Clase K, Simsek H. Bacteriophage-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic microbes in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165859. [PMID: 37516175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is discarded from several sources, including industry, livestock, fertilizer application, and municipal waste. If the disposed of wastewater has not been treated and processed before discharge to the environment, pathogenic microorganisms and toxic chemicals are accumulated in the disposal area and transported into the surface waters. The presence of harmful microbes is responsible for thousands of human deaths related to water-born contamination every year. To be able to take the necessary step and quick action against the possible presence of harmful microorganisms and substances, there is a need to improve the effective speed of identification and treatment of these problems. Biosensors are such devices that can give quantitative information within a short period of time. There have been several biosensors developed to measure certain parameters and microorganisms. The discovered biosensors can be utilized for the detection of axenic and mixed microbial strains from the wastewaters. Biosensors can further be developed for specific conditions and environments with an in-depth understanding of microbial organization and interaction within that community. In this regard, bacteriophage-based biosensors have become a possibility to identify specific live bacteria in an infected environment. This paper has investigated the current scenario of microbial community analysis and biosensor development in identifying the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Basthi Shivaram
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Mohit S Verma
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kari Clase
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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2
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Zhuang L, Gong J, Shen Q, Yang J, Song C, Liu Q, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Zhu M. Advances in detection methods for viable Salmonella spp.: current applications and challenges. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1643-1660. [PMID: 37378821 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common intestinal pathogen that can cause food poisoning and intestinal disease. The high prevalence of Salmonella necessitates efficient and sensitive methods for its identification, detection, and monitoring, especially of viable Salmonella. Conventional culture methods need to be more laborious and time-consuming. And they are relatively limited in their ability to detect Salmonella in the viable but non-culturable status if present in the sample to be tested. As a result, there is an increasing need for rapid and accurate techniques to detect viable Salmonella spp. This paper reviewed the status and progress of various methods reported in recent years that can be used to detect viable Salmonella, such as culture-based methods, molecular methods targeting RNAs and DNAs, phage-based methods, biosensors, and some techniques that have the potential for future application. This review can provide researchers with a reference for additional method options and help facilitate the development of rapid and accurate assays. In the future, viable Salmonella detection approaches will become more stable, sensitive, and fast and are expected to play a more significant role in food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhuang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, 225125, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Shen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengling Zhu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China.
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Ouyang X, Li X, Song J, Wang H, Wang S, Fang R, Li Z, Song N. Mycobacteriophages in diagnosis and alternative treatment of mycobacterial infections. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1277178. [PMID: 37840750 PMCID: PMC10568470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1277178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to human populations. The emergence of multidrug-resistant "superbugs" in mycobacterial infections has further complicated the processes of curing patients, thereby resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and alternative treatment are important for improving the success and cure rates associated with mycobacterial infections and the use of mycobacteriophages is a potentially good option. Since each bacteriophage has its own host range, mycobacteriophages have the capacity to detect specific mycobacterial isolates. The bacteriolysis properties of mycobacteriophages make them more attractive when it comes to treating infectious diseases. In fact, they have been clinically applied in Eastern Europe for several decades. Therefore, mycobacteriophages can also treat mycobacteria infections. This review explores the potential clinical applications of mycobacteriophages, including phage-based diagnosis and phage therapy in mycobacterial infections. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current difficulties in phage therapy, providing insights into new treatment strategies against drug-resistant mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ouyang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
| | - Jinmiao Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
| | - Ren Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, Weifang, China
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Braun P, Raab R, Bugert JJ, Braun S. Recombinant Reporter Phage rTUN1:: nLuc Enables Rapid Detection and Real-Time Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Klebsiella pneumoniae K64 Strains. ACS Sens 2023; 8:630-639. [PMID: 36719711 PMCID: PMC9972469 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) strains constitutes an enormous threat to global health as multi-drug resistance-associated treatment failure causes high mortality rates in nosocomial infections. Rapid pathogen detection and antibiotic resistance screening are therefore crucial for successful therapy and thus patient survival. Reporter phage-based diagnostics offer a way to speed up pathogen identification and resistance testing as integration of reporter genes into highly specific phages allows real-time detection of phage replication and thus living host cells. Kp-specific phages use the host's capsule, a major virulence factor of Kp, as a receptor for adsorption. To date, 80 different Kp capsule types (K-serotypes) have been described with predominant capsule types varying between different countries and continents. Therefore, reporter phages need to be customized according to the locally prevailing variants. Recently, we described the autographivirus vB_KpP_TUN1 (TUN1), which specifically infects Kp K64 strains, the most predominant capsule type at the military hospital in Tunis (MHT) that is also associated with high mortality rates. In this work, we developed the highly specific recombinant reporter phage rTUN1::nLuc, which produces nanoluciferase (nLuc) upon host infection and thus enables rapid detection of Kp K64 cells in clinical matrices such as blood and urine. At the same time, rTUN1::nLuc allows for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing and therefore identification of suitable antibiotic treatment in less than 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Braun
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937Munich, Germany
| | - Rene Raab
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simone Braun
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937Munich, Germany
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Rojas-Ponce G, Sauvageau D, Zemp R, Barkema HW, Evoy S. Use of uncoated magnetic beads to capture Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis prior detection by mycobacteriophage D29 and real-time-PCR. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 197:106490. [PMID: 35595085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uncoated tosyl-activated magnetic beads were evaluated to capture Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from spiked feces, milk, and urine. Centrifugation and uncoated magnetic beads recovered more than 99% and 93%, respectively, of 1.68 × 107 CFU/mL, 1.68 × 106 CFU/mL and 1.68 × 105 CFU/mL M. smegmatis cells resuspended in phosphate buffer saline. The use of magnetic beads was more efficient to concentrate cells from 1.68 × 104 CFU/mL of M. smegmatis than centrifugation. Likewise, the F57-qPCR detection of MAP cells was different whether they were recovered by beads or centrifugation; cycle threshold (Ct) was lower (p < 0.05) for the detection of MAP cells recovered by beads than centrifugation, indicative of greater recovery. Magnetic separation of MAP cells from milk, urine, and feces specimens was demonstrated by detection of F57 and IS900 sequences. Beads captured no less than 109 CFU/mL from feces and no less than 104 CFU/mL from milk and urine suspensions. In another detection strategy, M. smegmatis coupled to magnetic beads were infected by mycobacteriophage D29. Plaque forming units were observed after 24 h of incubation from urine samples containing 2 × 105 and 2 × 103 CFU/mL M. smegmatis. The results of this study provide a promising tool for diagnosis of tuberculosis and Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rojas-Ponce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Zemp
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephane Evoy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Shield CG, Swift BMC, McHugh TD, Dedrick RM, Hatfull GF, Satta G. Application of Bacteriophages for Mycobacterial Infections, from Diagnosis to Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2366. [PMID: 34835491 PMCID: PMC8617706 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria are responsible for a variety of different infections affecting millions of patients worldwide. Their diagnosis is often problematic and delayed until late in the course of disease, requiring a high index of suspicion and the combined efforts of clinical and laboratory colleagues. Molecular methods, such as PCR platforms, are available, but expensive, and with limited sensitivity in the case of paucibacillary disease. Treatment of mycobacterial infections is also challenging, typically requiring months of multiple and combined antibiotics, with associated side effects and toxicities. The presence of innate and acquired drug resistance further complicates the picture, with dramatic cases without effective treatment options. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) have been used for decades in Eastern Europe for the treatment of common bacterial infections, but there is limited clinical experience of their use in mycobacterial infections. More recently, bacteriophages' clinical utility has been re-visited and their use has been successfully demonstrated both as diagnostic and treatment options. This review will focus specifically on how mycobacteriophages have been used recently in the diagnosis and treatment of different mycobacterial infections, as potential emerging technologies, and as an alternative treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Shield
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Benjamin M. C. Swift
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Timothy D. McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (T.D.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Rebekah M. Dedrick
- Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (R.M.D.); (G.F.H.)
| | - Graham F. Hatfull
- Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (R.M.D.); (G.F.H.)
| | - Giovanni Satta
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (T.D.M.); (G.S.)
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Grant IR. Bacteriophage-Based Methods for Detection of Viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Their Potential for Diagnosis of Johne's Disease. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:632498. [PMID: 33778037 PMCID: PMC7991384 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.632498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage-based methods for detecting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are a potential new approach for diagnosis of Johne's disease (JD). The basis of these tests is a mycobacteriophage (D29) with a lytic lifecycle that is able to infect a range of Mycobacterium spp., not just MAP. When added to a test sample, the phages will bind to and infect mycobacterial cells present. If the host mycobacterial cells are viable, the phages will take over the metabolic machinery of the cells to replicate and produce multiple copies of themselves (phage amplification), before weakening the host cell walls by enzyme action and causing cell lysis. Cell lysis releases the host cell contents, which will include ATP, various enzymes, mycobacterial host DNA and progeny D29 phages; all of which can become the target of subsequent endpoint detection methods. For MAP detection the released host DNA and progeny phages have principally been targeted. As only viable mycobacterial cells will support phage amplification, if progeny phages or host DNA are detected in the test sample (by plaque assay/phage ELISA or qPCR, respectively) then viable mycobacteria were present. This mini-review will seek to: clearly explain the basis of the phage-based tests in order to aid understanding; catalog modifications made to the original plaque assay-based phage amplification assay (FASTPlaqueTB™) over the years; and summarize the available evidence pertaining to the performance of the various phage assays for testing veterinary specimens (bovine milk, blood and feces), relative to current JD diagnostic methods (culture, fecal PCR, and blood-ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene R Grant
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020237. [PMID: 33498792 PMCID: PMC7912421 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An important prerequisite for the effective control, timely diagnosis, and successful treatment of mycobacterial infections in both humans and animals is a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection technique. Culture is still considered the gold standard in the detection of viable mycobacteria; however, mycobacteria are extremely fastidious and slow-growing microorganisms, and therefore cultivation requires a very long incubation period to obtain results. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods are also frequently used in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, providing faster and more accurate results, but are unable to distinguish between a viable and non-viable microorganism, which results in an inability to determine the success of tuberculosis patient treatment or to differentiate between an active and passive infection of animals. One suitable technique that overcomes these shortcomings mentioned is the phage amplification assay (PA). PA specifically detects viable mycobacteria present in a sample within 48 h using a lytic bacteriophage isolated from the environment. Nowadays, an alternative approach to PA, a commercial kit called Actiphage™, is also employed, providing the result within 6–8 h. In this approach, the bacteriophage is used to lyse mycobacterial cells present in the sample, and the released DNA is subsequently detected by PCR. The objective of this review is to summarize information based on the PA used for detection of mycobacteria significant in both human and veterinary medicine from various kinds of matrices.
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Husakova M, Kralik P, Babak V, Slana I. Efficiency of DNA Isolation Methods Based on Silica Columns and Magnetic Separation Tested for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis in Milk and Faeces. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225112. [PMID: 33198402 PMCID: PMC7697941 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Timely and reliable detection of animals shedding Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) should help to effectively identify infected animals and limit infection transmission at early stages to ensure effective control of paratuberculosis. The aim of the study was to compare DNA extraction methods and evaluate isolation efficiency using milk and faecal samples artificially contaminated by MAP with a focus on modern instrumental automatic DNA isolation procedures based on magnetic separation. In parallel, an automatic and manual version of magnetic separation and two methods of faecal samples preparation were compared. Commercially available DNA isolation kits were evaluated, and the selected kits were used in a trial of automatic magnetic beads-based isolation and compared with the manual version of each kit. Detection of the single copy element F57 was performed by qPCR to quantify MAP and determine the isolation efficiency. The evaluated kits showed significant differences in DNA isolation efficiencies. The best results were observed with the silica column Blood and Tissue kit for milk and Zymo Research for faeces. The highest isolation efficiency for magnetic separation was achieved with MagMAX for both matrices. The magnetic separation and silica column isolation methods used in this study represent frequently used methods in mycobacterial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Husakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin and of Gastronomy, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Iva Slana
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-777-786-711
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Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090944. [PMID: 32858938 PMCID: PMC7552063 DOI: 10.3390/v12090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast and reliable detection of bacterial pathogens in clinical samples, contaminated food products, and water supplies can drastically improve clinical outcomes and reduce the socio-economic impact of disease. As natural predators of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) have evolved to bind their hosts with unparalleled specificity and to rapidly deliver and replicate their viral genome. Not surprisingly, phages and phage-encoded proteins have been used to develop a vast repertoire of diagnostic assays, many of which outperform conventional culture-based and molecular detection methods. While intact phages or phage-encoded affinity proteins can be used to capture bacteria, most phage-inspired detection systems harness viral genome delivery and amplification: to this end, suitable phages are genetically reprogrammed to deliver heterologous reporter genes, whose activity is typically detected through enzymatic substrate conversion to indicate the presence of a viable host cell. Infection with such engineered reporter phages typically leads to a rapid burst of reporter protein production that enables highly sensitive detection. In this review, we highlight recent advances in infection-based detection methods, present guidelines for reporter phage construction, outline technical aspects of reporter phage engineering, and discuss some of the advantages and pitfalls of phage-based pathogen detection. Recent improvements in reporter phage construction and engineering further substantiate the potential of these highly evolved nanomachines as rapid and inexpensive detection systems to replace or complement traditional diagnostic approaches.
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Foddai ACG, Grant IR. Methods for detection of viable foodborne pathogens: current state-of-art and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4281-4288. [PMID: 32215710 PMCID: PMC7190587 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly detect viable pathogens in food is important for public health and food safety reasons. Culture-based detection methods, the traditional means of demonstrating microbial viability, tend to be laborious, time consuming and slow to provide results. Several culture-independent methods to detect viable pathogens have been reported in recent years, including both nucleic acid-based (PCR combined with use of cell viability dyes or reverse-transcriptase PCR to detect messenger RNA) and phage-based (plaque assay or phage amplification and lysis plus PCR/qPCR, immunoassay or enzymatic assay to detect host DNA, progeny phages or intracellular components) methods. Some of these newer methods, particularly phage-based methods, show promise in terms of speed, sensitivity of detection and cost compared with culture for food testing. This review provides an overview of these new approaches and their food testing applications, and discusses their current limitations and future prospects in relation to detection of viable pathogens in food. KEY POINTS: • Cultural methods may be 'gold standard' for assessing viability of pathogens, but they are too slow. • Nucleic acid-based methods offer speed of detection but not consistently proof of cell viability. • Phage-based methods appear to offer best alternative to culture for detecting viable pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C G Foddai
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Irene R Grant
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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12
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Larsen MH, Lacourciere K, Parker TM, Kraigsley A, Achkar JM, Adams LB, Dupnik KM, Hall-Stoodley L, Hartman T, Kanipe C, Kurtz SL, Miller MA, Salvador LCM, Spencer JS, Robinson RT. The Many Hosts of Mycobacteria 8 (MHM8): A conference report. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 121:101914. [PMID: 32279870 PMCID: PMC7428850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria are important causes of disease in human and animal hosts. Diseases caused by mycobacteria include leprosy, tuberculosis (TB), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections and Buruli Ulcer. To better understand and treat mycobacterial disease, clinicians, veterinarians and scientists use a range of discipline-specific approaches to conduct basic and applied research, including conducting epidemiological surveys, patient studies, wildlife sampling, animal models, genetic studies and computational simulations. To foster the exchange of knowledge and collaboration across disciplines, the Many Hosts of Mycobacteria (MHM) conference series brings together clinical, veterinary and basic scientists who are dedicated to advancing mycobacterial disease research. Started in 2007, the MHM series recently held its 8th conference at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Bronx, NY). Here, we review the diseases discussed at MHM8 and summarize the presentations on research advances in leprosy, NTM and Buruli Ulcer, human and animal TB, mycobacterial disease comorbidities, mycobacterial genetics and 'omics, and animal models. A mouse models workshop, which was held immediately after MHM8, is also summarized. In addition to being a resource for those who were unable to attend MHM8, we anticipate this review will provide a benchmark to gauge the progress of future research concerning mycobacteria and their many hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Karen Lacourciere
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tina M Parker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alison Kraigsley
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Linda B Adams
- Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Programs, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Dupnik
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Travis Hartman
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carly Kanipe
- Department of Immunobiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sherry L Kurtz
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michele A Miller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liliana C M Salvador
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - John S Spencer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Greenstein RJ, Su L, Fam PS, Gurland B, Endres P, Brown ST. Crohn's disease: failure of a proprietary fluorescent in situ hybridization assay to detect M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in archived frozen intestine from patients with Crohn's disease. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:96. [PMID: 32093770 PMCID: PMC7038517 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although controversial, there is increasing concern that Crohn’s disease may be a zoonotic infectious disease consequent to a mycobacterial infection. The most plausible candidate is M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) that is unequivocally responsible for Johne’s disease in ruminants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a proprietary (Affymetrix™ RNA view®) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for MAP RNA. Non-identifiable intestine from patients with documented Crohn’s disease was assayed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and with suggested modifications. Probes were custom designed for MAP and human β-actin (as the eukaryotic housekeeping gene) from published genomes. Results Repetitively, false positive signal was observed in our “No-Probe” negative control. Attempts were made to correct this according to the manufacturer’s suggestions (by modifying wash solutions, using recommended hydrochloric acid titration and different fluorescent filters). None prevented false positive signal in the “No-Probe” control. It is concluded that when performed according to manufactures instruction and with multiple variations on the manufactures recommended suggestions to correct for false positive signal, that the Affymetrix™ RNA view® cannot be used to detect MAP in pre-frozen resected intestine of humans with Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Greenstein
- Department of Surgery, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, USA. .,Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Liya Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Peter S Fam
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Brooke Gurland
- Colorectal Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Paul Endres
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA
| | - Sheldon T Brown
- Infectious Disease Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai. New York, New York, USA
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14
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Greenstein RJ, Su L, Fam PS, Stabel JR, Brown ST. Failure to detect M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Johne's disease using a proprietary fluorescent in situ hybridization assay. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:498. [PMID: 30031406 PMCID: PMC6054717 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease in ruminants. The “gold standard” of MAP detection is by culture, DNA sequencing possibly supplemented by identification of Ziehl–Neelsen positive mycobacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a proprietary (Affymetrix™ RNA view®) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for MAP RNA. Intestine from a steer with documented Johne’s disease was assayed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Probes were custom designed for MAP and bovine β-actin (as the eukaryotic housekeeping gene) from published genomes. We attempt to prevent false positive signal in the “no-probe” control, by modifying wash solutions, using recommended hydrochloric acid titration and different fluorescent filters (TritC for Texas Red and “Hope” for Cy-5). Results Repetitively, false positive signal was observed in our “no probe” negative control. Attempts to correct this according to the manufacturers suggestions, and with multiple derivative techniques have been unsuccessful. It is concluded that when performed according to manufactures instruction and with multiple variations on the manufactures recommended suggestions to correct for false positive signal, that the Affymetrix™ RNA view® cannot be used to detect MAP in pre-frozen intestine of cattle with Johne’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3601-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Greenstein
- Department of Surgery, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Liya Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Fam
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Judy R Stabel
- Johne's Disease Research Project, USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Sheldon T Brown
- Infectious Disease Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Robertson RE, Cerf O, Condron RJ, Donaghy JA, Heggum C, Jordan K. Review of the controversy over whether or not Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis poses a food safety risk with pasteurised dairy products. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Magnetic Separation Methods for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Various Types of Matrices: A Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28642876 PMCID: PMC5469987 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5869854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The main reasons to improve the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are animal health and monitoring of MAP entering the food chain via meat, milk, and/or dairy products. Different approaches can be used for the detection of MAP, but the use of magnetic separation especially in conjunction with PCR as an end-point detection method has risen in past years. However, the extraction of DNA which is a crucial step prior to PCR detection can be complicated due to the presence of inhibitory substances. Magnetic separation methods involving either antibodies or peptides represent a powerful tool for selective separation of target bacteria from other nontarget microorganisms and inhibitory sample components. These methods enable the concentration of pathogens present in the initial matrix into smaller volume and facilitate the isolation of sufficient quantities of pure DNA. The purpose of this review was to summarize the methods based on the magnetic separation approach that are currently available for the detection of MAP in a broad range of matrices.
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17
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He B, Chai G, Duan Y, Yan Z, Qiu L, Zhang H, Liu Z, He Q, Han K, Ru B, Guo FB, Ding H, Lin H, Wang X, Rao N, Zhou P, Huang J. BDB: biopanning data bank. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D1127-32. [PMID: 26503249 PMCID: PMC4702802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The BDB database (http://immunet.cn/bdb) is an update of the MimoDB database, which was previously described in the 2012 Nucleic Acids Research Database issue. The rebranded name BDB is short for Biopanning Data Bank, which aims to be a portal for biopanning results of the combinatorial peptide library. Last updated in July 2015, BDB contains 2904 sets of biopanning data collected from 1322 peer-reviewed papers. It contains 25,786 peptide sequences, 1704 targets, 492 known templates, 447 peptide libraries and 310 crystal structures of target-template or target-peptide complexes. All data stored in BDB were revisited, and information on peptide affinity, measurement method and procedures was added for 2298 peptides from 411 sets of biopanning data from 246 published papers. In addition, a more professional and user-friendly web interface was implemented, a more detailed help system was designed, and a new on-the-fly data visualization tool and a series of tools for data analysis were integrated. With these new data and tools made available, we expect that the BDB database would become a major resource for scholars using phage display, with improved utility for biopanning and related scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifang He
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guoshi Chai
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yaocong Duan
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Liuyang Qiu
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Huixiong Zhang
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zechun Liu
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Qiang He
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ke Han
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Beibei Ru
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Feng-Biao Guo
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Nini Rao
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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18
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Billington C, Hudson JA, D’Sa E. Prevention of bacterial foodborne disease using nanobiotechnology. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2014; 7:73-83. [PMID: 25249756 PMCID: PMC4154891 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s51101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne disease is an important source of expense, morbidity, and mortality for society. Detection and control constitute significant components of the overall management of foodborne bacterial pathogens, and this review focuses on the use of nanosized biological entities and molecules to achieve these goals. There is an emphasis on the use of organisms called bacteriophages (phages: viruses that infect bacteria), which are increasingly being used in pathogen detection and biocontrol applications. Detection of pathogens in foods by conventional techniques is time-consuming and expensive, although it can also be sensitive and accurate. Nanobiotechnology is being used to decrease detection times and cost through the development of biosensors, exploiting specific cell-recognition properties of antibodies and phage proteins. Although sensitivity per test can be excellent (eg, the detection of one cell), the very small volumes tested mean that sensitivity per sample is less compelling. An ideal detection method needs to be inexpensive, sensitive, and accurate, but no approach yet achieves all three. For nanobiotechnology to displace existing methods (culture-based, antibody-based rapid methods, or those that detect amplified nucleic acid) it will need to focus on improving sensitivity. Although manufactured nonbiological nanoparticles have been used to kill bacterial cells, nanosized organisms called phages are increasingly finding favor in food safety applications. Phages are amenable to protein and nucleic acid labeling, and can be very specific, and the typical large "burst size" resulting from phage amplification can be harnessed to produce a rapid increase in signal to facilitate detection. There are now several commercially available phages for pathogen control, and many reports in the literature demonstrate efficacy against a number of foodborne pathogens on diverse foods. As a method for control of pathogens, nanobiotechnology is therefore flourishing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine D’Sa
- Food Safety Programme, ESR, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand
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19
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Atreya R, Bülte M, Gerlach GF, Goethe R, Hornef MW, Köhler H, Meens J, Möbius P, Roeb E, Weiss S. Facts, myths and hypotheses on the zoonotic nature of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:858-67. [PMID: 25128370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease [JD]), a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. JD is one of the most widespread bacterial diseases of domestic animals with significant economic impact. The histopathological picture of JD resembles that of Crohn's disease (CD), a human chronic inflammatory bowel disease of still unresolved aetiology. An aetiological relevance of MAP for CD has been proposed. This and the ambiguity of other published epidemiological findings raise the question whether MAP represents a zoonotic agent. In this review, we will discuss evidence that MAP has zoonotic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Atreya
- Medical Clinic 1, University of Erlangen-Nuermberg, Ulmenweg 18, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Bülte
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 92, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Department of Microbiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Möbius
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikstr.33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Molecular Immunology, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Schmelcher M, Loessner MJ. Application of bacteriophages for detection of foodborne pathogens. BACTERIOPHAGE 2014; 4:e28137. [PMID: 24533229 PMCID: PMC3919822 DOI: 10.4161/bact.28137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of food products presents a challenge for the food industry and poses a high risk for the consumer. Despite increasing awareness and improved hygiene measures, foodborne pathogens remain a threat for public health, and novel methods for detection of these organisms are needed. Bacteriophages represent ideal tools for diagnostic assays because of their high target cell specificity, inherent signal-amplifying properties, easy and inexpensive production, and robustness. Every stage of the phage lytic multiplication cycle, from the initial recognition of the host cell to the final lysis event, may be harnessed in several ways for the purpose of bacterial detection. Besides intact phage particles, phage-derived affinity molecules such as cell wall binding domains and receptor binding proteins can serve for this purpose. This review provides an overview of existing phage-based technologies for detection of foodborne pathogens, and highlights the most recent developments in this field, with particular emphasis on phage-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schmelcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health; ETH Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health; ETH Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
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