1
|
Komine T, Srivorakul S, Yoshida M, Tanaka Y, Sugimoto Y, Inohana M, Fukano H, Hoshino Y, Kurata O, Wada S. Core single nucleotide polymorphism analysis reveals transmission of Mycobacterium marinum between animal and environmental sources in two aquaria. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:507-516. [PMID: 36727551 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow-growing, photochromogenic nontuberculous mycobacterium, which can cause mycobacteriosis in various animals, including humans. Several cases of fish mycobacteriosis have been reported to date. Mycobacterium marinum has also been isolated from aquatic environmental sources such as water, sand, biofilms, and plants in the natural environments. Hence, we hypothesized that a wide variety of sources could be involved in the transmission of M. marinum. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by isolating M. marinum from various sources such as fish, invertebrates, seagrass, periphytons, biofilms, sand, and/or water in two aquaria in Japan and conducting a phylogenetic analysis based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using whole-genome sequences of the isolated strains. The analysis revealed that the strains from animal and environmental sources belonged to the same clusters. This molecular-based study epidemiologically confirmed that various sources, including fish, invertebrates, and environmental sources, could be involved in transmission of M. marinum in a closed-rearing environment. This is the first report where M. marinum was isolated from different sources, and various transmission routes were confirmed in actual cases, which provided essential information to improve the epidemiology of M. marinum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komine
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Saralee Srivorakul
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mitsumi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | | | | | - Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashi-Murayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashi-Murayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inohana M, Komine T, Tanaka Y, Kurata O, Wada S. Genital mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum detected in two captive sharks by peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:47-59. [PMID: 36130072 PMCID: PMC10087912 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a prevalent nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)-infecting teleosts. Conversely, little is known about mycobacteriosis in elasmobranchs, and M. marinum infection has never been reported from the subclass. This study investigated the histopathological characteristics and localization of this mycobacterium through molecular analysis of two captive sharks, a scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and a Japanese bullhead shark Heterodontus japonicus, exhibited in the same aquarium tank. We detected genital mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum infection using molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing targeting the 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (hsp65), and peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Both sharks showed granulomas in connective tissues of the gonads without central necrosis or surrounding fibrous capsules, which is unlike the typical mycobacterial granulomas seen in teleosts. This study reveals that elasmobranchs can be aquatic hosts of M. marinum. Because M. marinum is a representative waterborne NTM and a potential zoonotic agent, cautious and intensive research is needed to overcome a lack of data on the relationship between NTM and the aquatic environment in association with this subclass of Chondrichthyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| | - Takeshi Komine
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| | | | - Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medical ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityMusashinoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elsheikh AM, M Roshdy T, Hassan SA, A Hussein M, M Fayed A. Resveratrol: A Potential Protector Against Benzo[a]pyrene- Induced Lung Toxicity. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:78-89. [PMID: 35001578 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.78.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a major component of lipophilic pollutants then can be translated to diffluent substances. The aim of t he present article was to investigate protective activity of resveratrol against lung toxicity induced by B[a]P. Material and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (6 animals/group): 3 negative control groups, control positive, B[a]P (20 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., resveratrol (50 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.)-B[a]P and vitamin C (1 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.)-B[a]P groups. <b>Results:</b> The daily oral administration of the resveratrol (50 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) and vitamin C (1 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) for 30 days to rats treated with B[a]P (20 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) resulted in a significant improve plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-C as well as serum TNF-α, TBARS, IL-2,IL-6, haptoglobin, histamine, IgA, Ig E,Ig G and Ig M in B[a]P treated rats. On the other hand oral administration of resveratrol elevated the SOD, GPx and GR gene expression in lung rats treated with B[a]P. Furthermore, resveratrol and vitamin C nearly normalized these effects in lung histoarchitecture. <b>Conclusion:</b> The obtained biochemical, molecular biology and histological results of this study proved the lung protective activity of resveratrol against B[a]P induced lung toxicity in rats.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mugetti D, Varello K, Pastorino P, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Prearo M. Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Farm. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081014. [PMID: 34451479 PMCID: PMC8401025 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no available effective therapy or vaccine, a prompt search for routes of entry is key to limiting the damage induced by the disease. Here we report a case of mycobacteriosis follow up in a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farm located in Northern Italy, in which environmental samples and newly added fish batches were analyzed. Samples from fish present on the farm, sediment, and periphyton all resulted positive for M. marinum, whereas the new fish batches and the water samples resulted negative. The environmental resistance of NTM (alcohol-acid resistance, biofilm formation) and the lack of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies make these diseases difficult to manage. Prompt identification of biotic and abiotic reservoirs, combined with good zootechnical hygiene practices, are the most effective measures to control fish mycobacteriosis in intensive farms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Polinas M, Padrós F, Merella P, Prearo M, Sanna MA, Marino F, Burrai GP, Antuofermo E. Stages of Granulomatous Response Against Histozoic Metazoan Parasites in Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061501. [PMID: 34064270 PMCID: PMC8224377 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Parasitic diseases represent a common issue in fish and, when histozoic forms are present, this elicits a chronic inflammatory reaction leading to granuloma formation. Despite the large knowledge of granuloma formation due to parasites in visceral organs, little is known about the development and the evolutive stages of granulomas in naturally infected fish. Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a widespread euryhaline fish species that harbor different parasites, thus representing a suitable model for the study of parasite-induced granulomas. Combining histopathology and immunohistochemical tools, we identified three developmental granuloma stages (pre-granuloma, intermediate, and late stage), that ranged from an intact parasite with mild signs of tissue reaction to the formation of a structured granuloma. The identified histological patterns could be reliable tools in the staging of the granulomatous response associated with histozoic parasites and are an attempt to broaden the knowledge of the inflammatory response in different host–parasite systems. Abstract Histozoic parasite–fish host interaction is a dynamic process that leads to the formation of a granuloma, a specific chronic inflammatory response with discernible histological features. Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) represent a suitable model concerning the development of such lesions in the host–parasite interface. The present work aimed to identify granuloma developmental stages from the early to the late phase of the infection and to characterize the immune cells and non-inflammatory components of the granuloma in different stages. For this purpose, 239 mullets were collected from 4 Sardinian lagoons, and several organs were examined by combining histopathological, bacteriological, and immunohistochemical methods. Granulomas associated with trematode metacercariae and myxozoan parasites were classified into three developmental stages: (1) pre-granuloma stage, characterized by intact encysted parasite and with no or mild tissue reaction; (2) intermediate stage, with partially degenerated parasites, necrosis, and a moderate number of epithelioid cells (ECs); and (3) late stage, with a necrotic core and no detectable parasite with a high number of ECs and fibroblasts. The three-tier staging and the proposed morphological diagnosis make it conceivable that histopathology could be an essential tool to evaluate the granulomas associated with histozoic parasitic infection in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(079)-229566
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Fish Diseases Diagnostic Service, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Paolo Merella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Fish Disease Laboratory, State Veterinary Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marina Antonella Sanna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scarpa F, Sanna D, Azzena I, Mugetti D, Cerruti F, Hosseini S, Cossu P, Pinna S, Grech D, Cabana D, Pasquini V, Esposito G, Cadoni N, Atzori F, Antuofermo E, Addis P, Sechi LA, Prearo M, Peletto S, Mossa MA, Saba T, Gazale V, Casu M. Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100238. [PMID: 33066230 PMCID: PMC7650684 DOI: 10.3390/life10100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, represents the largest bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of this species has been observed in several areas. The first surveys suggested that Haplosporidium pinnae (currently considered species-specific) was the main etiological agent, but recent studies have indicated that a multifactorial disease may be responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we performed molecular diagnostic analyses on P. nobilis, P. rudis, and bivalve heterologous host species from the island of Sardinia to shed further light on the pathogens involved in the mass mortality. The results support the occurrence of a multifactorial disease and that Mycobacterium spp. and H. pinnae are not necessarily associated with the illness. Indeed, our analyses revealed that H. pinnae is not species-specific for P. nobilis, as it was present in other bivalves at least three years before the mass mortality began, and species of Mycobacterium were also found in healthy individuals of P. nobilis and P. rudis. We also detected the species Rhodococcus erythropolis, representing the first report in fan mussels of a bacterium other than Mycobacterium spp. and Vibrio spp. These results depict a complicated scenario, further demonstrating how the P. nobilis mass mortality event is far from being fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (P.C.); (G.E.); (E.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Daria Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.H.); (L.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilenia Azzena
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (P.C.); (G.E.); (E.A.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.H.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Cerruti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sepideh Hosseini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.H.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Piero Cossu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (P.C.); (G.E.); (E.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Stefania Pinna
- IMC-International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09170 Oristano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniele Grech
- IMC-International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09170 Oristano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.G.); (D.C.)
| | - David Cabana
- IMC-International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09170 Oristano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Viviana Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (V.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (P.C.); (G.E.); (E.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Cadoni
- Area Marina Protetta Capo Carbonara, Comune di Villasimius, Via Roma 60, 09049 Villasimius, Italy; (N.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Atzori
- Area Marina Protetta Capo Carbonara, Comune di Villasimius, Via Roma 60, 09049 Villasimius, Italy; (N.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (P.C.); (G.E.); (E.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Piero Addis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (V.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.H.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Marianna A. Mossa
- Regiona autonoma della Sardegna, Via Roma 80, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tiziana Saba
- Regiona autonoma della Sardegna, Via Roma 80, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Vittorio Gazale
- Area Marina Protetta “Isola dell’Asinara”, 07046 Porto Torres, Italy;
| | - Marco Casu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (P.C.); (G.E.); (E.A.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080610. [PMID: 32726963 PMCID: PMC7459456 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii, a slow-growing mycobacterium closely related to M. marinum, has been isolated only in wild fish in the United States and in Japanese fish farms to date. Here, we report cases of mortality in three farmed fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, and Sciaenops ocellatus) caused by M. pseudoshottsii in Italy. Samples underwent necropsy, histology, and culture with pathogen identification based on PCR and sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB). Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with acid-fast bacilli were observed in the parenchymatous organs, from which M. pseudoshottsii was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of gene sequencing and allowed subdivision of the isolates into three distinct groups. M. pseudoshottsii poses a potential threat for Mediterranean aquaculture. Its origin in the area under study needs to be clarified, as well as the threat to the farmed fish species.
Collapse
|
8
|
Volpe E, Mandrioli L, Errani F, Serratore P, Zavatta E, Rigillo A, Ciulli S. Evidence of fish and human pathogens associated with doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) used for cosmetic treatment. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1637-1644. [PMID: 31578759 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) are increasingly used for cosmetic treatment raising particular concerns regarding the potential transmission of infections to clients. Investigations of microbial causes undertaken in two outbreaks of mortality among G. rufa used for cosmetic treatment revealed the presence of multiple bacteria, including both fish and human pathogens such as Aeromonas veronii, A. hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Shewanella putrefaciens, Mycobacterium marinum and M. goodii. This range of bacteria indicates an intense microbial proliferation involving multiple pathogens, most likely induced by the poor health condition of the fish. Most of the detected pathogens are well-known agents of zoonosis. Indeed, M. goodii is an emerging nosocomial human pathogen that has never been detected in fish to date, nor in other animals. This first detection of M. goodii associated with fish infection points out a new zoonotic potential for this pathogen. These findings point out that handling, poor environmental conditions and the presence of fish pathogens, that can compromise the immune system of fish, can result in a mixed microbial proliferation and increase the spread of waterborne bacteria, including zoonosis agents. Accordingly, the microbiological surveillance of fish used for cosmetic treatment is extremely important, particularly in association with mortality outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Serratore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zavatta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziklo N, Colorni A, Gao LY, Du SJ, Ucko M. Humoral and Cellular Immune Response of European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax Vaccinated with Heat-Killed Mycobacterium marinum (iipA::kan Mutant). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:312-324. [PMID: 30120830 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
No vaccine is yet commercially available against Mycobacterium marinum, the etiological agent of fish mycobacteriosis (also known as "fish tuberculosis"). The mycobacterial gene responsible for invasion and intracellular persistence, iipA, is known to moderate M. marinum pathology in Zebrafish Danio rerio. Two doses of heat-killed, wild-type, virulent M. marinum and two doses of a heat-killed, avirulent M. marinum iipA::kan mutant strain were used in parallel to vaccinate European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. The fish were then challenged with live, virulent M. marinum, and the pathogenesis of the infection was monitored. High specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) response and an increase in cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) messenger RNA expression levels were observed in all vaccinated fish. At 1 month postchallenge, TNF-α expression levels increased in spleen tissues of fish vaccinated with the virulent type and in those of unvaccinated fish, whereas in the head kidney, expression was up-regulated only in unvaccinated fish. The expression then decreased, and at 2 months postchallenge, expression appeared similar in all vaccination types. The highest survival rate (75%) was recorded in the group of fish that were vaccinated with a high dose of avirulent iipA::kan mutant. The iipA::kan mutant induced a strong immune response accompanied by only modest tissue disruption. Coupled with an effective program of booster treatments, the iipA::kan mutant vaccine may be developed into a powerful preventive measure against fish mycobacteriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ziklo
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel
- Eilat Campus, Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - A Colorni
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel
| | - L-Y Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - S J Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, 21202, USA
| | - M Ucko
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium marinum
is a well-known pathogenic mycobacterium for skin and soft tissue infections and is associated with fishes and water. Among nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it is the leading cause of extrarespiratory human infections worldwide. In addition, there is a specific scientific interest in
M. marinum
because of its genetic relatedness to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and because experimental infection of
M. marinum
in fishes mimics tuberculosis pathogenesis. Microbiological characteristics include the fact that it grows in 7 to 14 days with photochromogenic colonies and is difficult to differentiate from
Mycobacterium ulcerans
and other mycolactone-producing NTM on a molecular basis. The diagnosis is highly suspected by the mode of infection, which is related to the hobby of fishkeeping, professional handling of marine shells, or swimming in nonchlorinated pools. Clinics distinguished skin and soft tissue lesions (typically sporotrichoid or subacute hand nodules) and lesions disseminated to joint and bone, often related with the local use of corticosteroids. In clinical microbiology, microscopy and culture are often negative because growth requires low temperature (30°C) and several weeks to succeed in primary cultivation. The treatment is not standardized, and no randomized control trials have been done. Therapy is a combination of surgery and antimicrobial agents such as cyclines and rifampin, with successful outcome in most of the skin diseases but less frequently in deep tissue infections. Prevention can be useful with hand protection recommendations for professionals and all persons manipulating fishes or fish tank water and use of alcohol disinfection after contact.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antuofermo E, Ariu R, Burrai GP, Polinas M, Sanna MA, Esposito G, Prearo M, Pais A. First evidence of intersex condition in extensively reared mullets from Sardinian lagoons (central–western Mediterranean, Italy). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1264260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Ariu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Polinas
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Laboratorio Specialistico di Ittiopatologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Pais
- Laboratorio di Acquacoltura e Gestione delle Risorse Acquatiche, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|