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Lv L, Yang C, Zhang X, Chen T, Luo M, Yu G, Chen Q. Autophagy-related protein PlATG2 regulates the vegetative growth, sporangial cleavage, autophagosome formation, and pathogenicity of peronophythora litchii. Virulence 2024; 15:2322183. [PMID: 38438325 PMCID: PMC10913709 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2322183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that is important for the development and pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi and for the defence response of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in the pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii, the causal agent of litchi downy blight, have not been well characterized. In this study, the autophagy-related protein ATG2 homolog, PlATG2, was identified and characterized using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene replacement strategy in P. litchii. A monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining assay indicated that deletion of PlATG2 abolished autophagosome formation. Infection assays demonstrated that ΔPlatg2 mutants showed significantly impaired pathogenicity in litchi leaves and fruits. Further studies have revealed that PlATG2 participates in radial growth and asexual/sexual development of P. litchii. Moreover, zoospore release and cytoplasmic cleavage of sporangia were considerably lower in the ΔPlatg2 mutants than in the wild-type strain by FM4-64 staining. Taken together, our results revealed that PlATG2 plays a pivotal role in vegetative growth, sporangia and oospore production, zoospore release, sporangial cleavage, and plant infection of P. litchii. This study advances our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of the phytopathogenic oomycete P. litchii and is conducive to the development of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Taixu Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Manfei Luo
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Andronis CE, Jacques S, Lopez-Ruiz FJ, Lipscombe R, Tan KC. Proteomic analysis revealed that the oomyceticide phosphite exhibits multi-modal action in an oomycete pathosystem. J Proteomics 2024; 301:105181. [PMID: 38670258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic oomycetes constitute some of the most devastating plant pathogens and cause significant crop and horticultural yield and economic losses. The phytopathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi causes dieback disease in native vegetation and several crops. The most commonly used chemical to control P. cinnamomi is the oomyceticide phosphite. Despite its widespread use, the mode of action of phosphite is not well understood and it is unclear whether it targets the pathogen, the host, or both. Resistance to phosphite is emerging in P. cinnamomi isolates and other oomycete phytopathogens. The mode of action of phosphite on phosphite-sensitive and resistant isolates of the pathogen and through a model host was investigated using label-free quantitative proteomics. In vitro treatment of sensitive P. cinnamomi isolates with phosphite hinders growth by interfering with metabolism, signalling and gene expression; traits that are not observed in the resistant isolate. When the model host Lupinus angustifolius was treated with phosphite, proteins associated with photosynthesis, carbon fixation and lipid metabolism in the host were enriched. Increased production of defence-related proteins was also observed in the plant. We hypothesise the multi-modal action of phosphite and present two models constructed using comparative proteomics that demonstrate mechanisms of pathogen and host responses to phosphite. SIGNIFICANCE: Phytophthora cinnamomi is a significant phytopathogenic oomycete that causes root rot (dieback) in a number of horticultural crops and a vast range of native vegetation. Historically, areas infected with phosphite have been treated with the oomyceticide phosphite despite its unknown mode of action. Additionally, overuse of phosphite has driven the emergence of phosphite-resistant isolates of the pathogen. We conducted a comparative proteomic study of a sensitive and resistant isolate of P. cinnamomi in response to treatment with phosphite, and the response of a model host, Lupinus angustifolius, to phosphite and its implications on infection. The present study has allowed for a deeper understanding of the bimodal action of phosphite, suggested potential biochemical factors contributing to chemical resistance in P. cinnamomi, and unveiled possible drivers of phosphite-induced host plant immunity to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Andronis
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Proteomics International, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Silke Jacques
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Kar-Chun Tan
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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Yang X, Jiang S, Zhang M, Li T, Jin Z, Wu X, Chi YR. Discovery of novel piperidine-containing thymol derivatives as potent antifungal agents for crop protection. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38817109 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant fungal diseases pose a significant threat to crop production. The extensive use of chemical pesticides has led to growing environmental safety risks and pesticide resistance of various plant pathogens. Therefore, it is an urgent task to explore novel eco-friendly fungicidal agents with high efficacy to combat fungal infection. RESULTS In this study, we rationally designed a series of novel thymol derivatives by incorporation of the sulfonamide moiety and evaluated their biological activities against plant pathogenic fungi. The bioassay results underscored the remarkable in vitro antifungal activity of compounds 5m and 5t against Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici), with EC50 values of 8.420 and 8.414 μg/mL, respectively. Their efficacies were superior to that of widely used commercial fungicides azoxystrobin (AZO, 20.649 μg/mL) and cabendazim (CAB, 251.625 μg/mL). Furthermore, compound 5v exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), with an EC50 value of 12.829 μg/mL, significantly outperforming AZO (63.629 μg/mL). In vivo bioassays demonstrated the impactful activity of compound 5v against S. sclerotiorum, achieving over 98% curative and protective efficacies at the concentration of 200 μg/mL. Further mechanistic investigations unveiled that compound 5v induced mycelial shrinkage and collapse in S. sclerotiorum, resulting in organelle damage and the accumulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. CONCLUSION The significant antifungal efficacy of the prepared thymol derivatives shall encourage further exploration of compound 5v as a promising candidate to develop novel fungicides for crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Tian Y, Wang L, Cao J, Feng H, Li K, Wang Y, Dong S, Ye W, Wang Y. Complete telomere-to-telomere genomes uncover virulence evolution conferred by chromosome fusion in oomycete plant pathogens. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4624. [PMID: 38816389 PMCID: PMC11139960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in chromosome number are occasionally observed among oomycetes, a group that includes many plant pathogens, but the emergence of such variations and their effects on genome and virulence evolution remain ambiguous. We generated complete telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies for Phytophthora sojae, Globisporangium ultimum, Pythium oligandrum, and G. spinosum. Reconstructing the karyotype of the most recent common ancestor in Peronosporales revealed that frequent chromosome fusion and fission drove changes in chromosome number. Centromeres enriched with Copia-like transposons may contribute to chromosome fusion and fission events. Chromosome fusion facilitated the emergence of pathogenicity genes and their adaptive evolution. Effectors tended to duplicate in the sub-telomere regions of fused chromosomes, which exhibited evolutionary features distinct to the non-fused chromosomes. By integrating ancestral genomic dynamics and structural predictions, we have identified secreted Ankyrin repeat-containing proteins (ANKs) as a novel class of effectors in P. sojae. Phylogenetic analysis and experiments further revealed that ANK is a specifically expanded effector family in oomycetes. These results revealed chromosome dynamics in oomycete plant pathogens, and provided novel insights into karyotype and effector evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Cao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Cheng W, Wang N, Li Y, Zhou X, Bai X, Liu L, Ma X, Wang S, Li X, Gong B, Jiang Y, Azeem M, Zhu L, Chen L, Wang H, Chu M. CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4 Confer Pepper's Resistance to Phytophthora capsici Infection by Directly Activating a Cluster of Defense-Related Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11682-11693. [PMID: 38739764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora blight of pepper, which is caused by the notorious oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, is a serious disease in global pepper production regions. Our previous study had identified two WRKY transcription factors (TFs), CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4, which are prominent modulators in the resistant pepper line CM334 against P. capsici infection. However, their functional mechanisms and underlying signaling networks remain unknown. Herein, we determined that CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4 are localized in plant nuclei. Transient overexpression assays indicated that both CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4 act as positive regulators in pepper resistance to P. capsici. Besides, the stable overexpression of CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants also significantly enhanced the resistance to P. capsici. Using comprehensive approaches including RNA-seq, CUT&RUN-qPCR, and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that overexpression of CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4 can activate the expressions of the same four Capsicum annuum defense-related genes (one PR1, two PR4, and one pathogen-related gene) by directly binding to their promoters. However, we did not observe protein-protein interactions and transcriptional amplification/inhibition effects of their shared target genes when coexpressing these two WRKY TFs. In conclusion, these data suggest that both of the resistant line specific upregulated WRKY TFs (CaWRKY01-10 and CaWRKY08-4) can confer pepper's resistance to P. capsici infection by directly activating a cluster of defense-related genes and are potentially useful for genetic improvement against Phytophthora blight of pepper and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Auhui Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Molecular Detection and Diagnostics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xianjun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xueyi Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xinqiao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Beibei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Moli Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Wang W, Wang H, Zhang Z, Li W, Yin X, Long Y. Dual RNA sequencing during Trichoderma harzianum-Phytophthora capsici interaction reveals multiple biological processes involved in the inhibition and highlights the cell wall as a potential target. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38742618 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora capsici is a destructive oomycete pathogen, causing huge economic losses for agricultural production. The genus Trichoderma represents one of the most extensively researched categories of biocontrol agents, encompassing a diverse array of effective strains. The commercial biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 exhibits pronounced biocontrol effects against many plant pathogens, but its activity against P. capsici is not known. RESULTS T. harzianum T-22 significantly inhibited the growth of P. capsici mycelia and the culture filtrate of T-22 induced lysis of P. capsici zoospores. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that T-22 significantly modulated the ultrastructural composition of P. capsici, with a severe impact on the cell wall integrity. Dual RNA sequencing revealed multiple biological processes involved in the inhibition during the interaction between these two microorganisms. In particular, a marked upregulation of genes was identified in T. harzianum that are implicated in cell wall degradation or disruption. Concurrently, the presence of T. harzianum appeared to potentiate the susceptibility of P. capsici to cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors such as mandipropamid and dimethomorph. Further investigations showed that mandipropamid and dimethomorph could strongly inhibit the growth and development of P. capsici but had no impact on T. harzianum even at high concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility of combining T. harzianum and these cell wall synthesis inhibitors to combat P. capsici. CONCLUSION These findings provided enhanced insights into the biocontrol mechanisms against P. capsici with T. harzianum and evidenced compatibility between specific biological and chemical control strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Yin
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Long
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Kharel A, Rookes J, Ziemann M, Cahill D. Viable protoplast isolation, organelle visualization and transformation of the globally distributed plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01953-y. [PMID: 38702562 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora cinnamomi is an oomycete plant pathogen with a host range of almost 5000 plant species worldwide and therefore poses a serious threat to biodiversity. Omics technology has provided significant progress in our understanding of oomycete biology, however, transformation studies of Phytophthora for gene functionalisation are still in their infancy. Only a limited number of Phytophthora species have been successfully transformed and gene edited to elucidate the role of particular genes. There is a need to escalate our efforts to understand molecular processes, gene regulation and infection mechanisms of the pathogen to enable us to develop new disease management strategies. The primary obstacle hindering the advancement of transformation studies in Phytophthora is their challenging and unique nature, coupled with our limited comprehension of why they remain such an intractable system to work with. In this study, we have identified some of the key factors associated with the recalcitrant nature of P. cinnamomi. We have incorporated fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry along with the organelle-specific dyes, fluorescein diacetate, Hoechst 33342 and MitoTracker™ Red CMXRos, to assess P. cinnamomi-derived protoplast populations. This approach has also provided valuable insights into the broader cell biology of Phytophthora. Furthermore, we have optimized the crucial steps that allow transformation of P. cinnamomi and have generated transformed isolates that express a cyan fluorescent protein, with a transformation efficiency of 19.5%. We therefore provide a platform for these methodologies to be applied for the transformation of other Phytophthora species and pave the way for future gene functionalisation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushree Kharel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - James Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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Midgley KA, van den Berg N, Backer R, Swart V. Identification of Phytophthora cinnamomi CRN effectors and their roles in manipulating cell death during Persea americana infection. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:435. [PMID: 38698341 PMCID: PMC11064341 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi is a devastating plant pathogen with a notably broad host range. It is the causal agent of Phytophthora root rot (PRR), arguably the most economically important yield-limiting disease in Persea americana (avocado). Despite this, our understanding of the mechanisms P. cinnamomi employs to infect and successfully colonize avocado remains limited, particularly regarding the pathogen's ability to maintain its biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles during infection. The pathogen utilises a large repertoire of effector proteins which function in facilitating and establishing disease in susceptible host plants. Crinkling and necrosis effectors (CRN/Crinklers) are suspected to manipulate cell death to aid in maintenance of the pathogens biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles during different stages of infection. The current study identified 25 P. cinnamomi CRN effectors from the GKB4 genome using an HMM profile and assigned putative function to them as either cell death inducers or suppressors. Function was assigned to 10 PcinCRNs by analysing their RNA-seq expression profiles, relatedness to other functionally characterised Phytophthora CRNs and tertiary protein predictions. The full-length coding sequences for these PcinCRNs were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, six of which were found to have two divergent alleles. The presence of alleles indicates that the proteins encoded may perform contradicting functions in cell death manipulation, or function in different host plant species. Overall, this study provides a foundation for future research on P. cinnamomi infection and cell death manipulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Midgley
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Department of Biochemistry; Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Department of Biochemistry; Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Robert Backer
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Department of Biochemistry; Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Velushka Swart
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Department of Biochemistry; Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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Liu J, Zhang S, Ma H, Huang J, Xiang M, Liu X. Inhibition and biocontrol potential of Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense NC1 against four Phytophthora species. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2024; 69:327-334. [PMID: 37989280 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora species are highly destructive soilborne oomycetes pathogens that spread through infested soil and water. Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense NC1 has been shown to inhibit plant parasitic nematodes via volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of O. pseudogrignonense NC1 against four Phytophthora species on agar plates and in vivo bioassay. We found that NC1 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and zoospore production of all four species of Phytophthora in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for inhibition of mycelial growth (or zoospore production) were 26% (14.8%), 18.9% (14.2%), 20.3% (8.3%) and 46.9% (4%) for Phytophthora capsici Leonian, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotiana and Phytophthora sojae, respectively. The biocontrol efficiency of NC1 was 46.3% in pepper seedlings against P. capsici, almost 100% in potato tubers against P. infestans, 60% in tomato leave against P. parasitica and 100% in soybean leave against P. sojae, respectively. Our findings suggest that O. pseudogrignonense NC1 has great potential as a biocontrol agent for managing Phytophthora diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Mcrobiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Mcrobiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Haikun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Mcrobiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Jun Huang
- Shandong Yuanchen Biomedical Technology Group Co., Ltd
| | - Meichun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Mcrobiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
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10
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Testi S, Kuhn ML, Allasia V, Auroy P, Kong F, Peltier G, Pagnotta S, Cazareth J, Keller H, Panabières F. The Phytophthora parasitica effector AVH195 interacts with ATG8, attenuates host autophagy, and promotes biotrophic infection. BMC Biol 2024; 22:100. [PMID: 38679707 PMCID: PMC11057187 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to suppress immune responses and manipulate fundamental cellular processes. One of these processes is autophagy, an essential recycling mechanism in eukaryotic cells that coordinates the turnover of cellular components and contributes to the decision on cell death or survival. RESULTS We report the characterization of AVH195, an effector from the broad-spectrum oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica. We show that P. parasitica expresses AVH195 during the biotrophic phase of plant infection, i.e., the initial phase in which host cells are maintained alive. In tobacco, the effector prevents the initiation of cell death, which is caused by two pathogen-derived effectors and the proapoptotic BAX protein. AVH195 associates with the plant vacuolar membrane system and interacts with Autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) isoforms/paralogs. When expressed in cells from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the effector delays vacuolar fusion and cargo turnover upon stimulation of autophagy, but does not affect algal viability. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AVH195 delays the turnover of ATG8 from endomembranes and promotes plant susceptibility to P. parasitica and the obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our observations suggest that AVH195 targets ATG8 to attenuate autophagy and prevent associated host cell death, thereby favoring biotrophy during the early stages of the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Testi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Present Address: Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR8227 LBI2M, CNRS-Sorbonne Unversité, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Line Kuhn
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Valérie Allasia
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Fantao Kong
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- Present address: School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Sophie Pagnotta
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Julie Cazareth
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Harald Keller
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Franck Panabières
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
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11
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Wu S, Shi J, Zheng Q, Ma Y, Zhou W, Mao C, Chen C, Fang Z, Xia R, Qiao Y. Phytophthora sojae Effector PsAvh113 Targets Transcription Factors in Nicotiana benthamiana. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:318. [PMID: 38786673 PMCID: PMC11122517 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora sojae is a type of pathogenic oomycete that causes Phytophthora root stem rot (PRSR), which can seriously affect the soybean yield and quality. To subvert immunity, P. sojae secretes a large quantity of effectors. However, the molecular mechanisms regulated by most P. sojae effectors, and their host targets remain unexplored. Previous studies have shown that the expression of PsAvh113, an effector secreted by Phytophthora sojae, enhances viral RNA accumulations and symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana via VIVE assay. In this study, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data based on disease symptoms in N. benthamiana leaves that were either mocked or infiltrated with PVX carrying the empty vector (EV) and PsAvh113. We identified 1769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) dependent on PsAvh113. Using stricter criteria screening and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DEGs, we found that 38 genes were closely enriched in response to PsAvh113 expression. We selected three genes of N. benthamiana (NbNAC86, NbMyb4, and NbERF114) and found their transcriptional levels significantly upregulated in N. benthamiana infected with PVX carrying PsAvh113. Furthermore, individual silencing of these three genes promoted P. capsici infection, while their overexpression increased resistance to P. capsici in N. benthamiana. Our results show that PsAvh113 interacts with transcription factors NbMyb4 and NbERF114 in vivo. Collectively, these data may help us understand the pathogenic mechanism of effectors and manage PRSR in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuqin Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chengjie Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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12
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Jones JDG, Staskawicz BJ, Dangl JL. The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment. Cell 2024; 187:2095-2116. [PMID: 38670067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. Plant breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance to specific pathogen isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for disease resistance underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence and focus on model plants for genetics and genomics research, has provided rich resources for molecular biological exploration over the last 50 years. These studies led to the identification of extracellular and intracellular receptors that convert recognition of extracellular microbe-encoded molecular patterns or intracellular pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. These receptor systems, and downstream responses, define plant immune systems that have evolved since the migration of plants to land ∼500 million years ago. Our current understanding of plant immune systems provides the platform for development of rational resistance enhancement to control the many diseases that continue to plague crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D G Jones
- Sainsbury Lab, University of East Anglia, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Brian J Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Marin MV, Ratti MF, Peres NA, Goss EM. New Genotypes of Phytophthora nicotianae Found on Strawberry in Florida. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:743-751. [PMID: 37942874 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0175-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora cactorum is the most common causal agent of Phytophthora crown rot and leather rot of strawberry, but P. nicotianae is also responsible for the disease in Florida. Studies of P. nicotianae populations have suggested that different groups of genotypes are associated with different hosts; however, it is not yet clear how many lineages exist globally and how they are related to different production systems. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic relationships of P. nicotianae isolates from Florida strawberry with genotypes reported from other hosts, quantify the genetic variation on strawberry, and test for an association with nursery source. A total of 49 isolates of P. nicotianae were collected from strawberry plants originating from multiple nursery sources during six seasons of commercial fruit production in Florida. Microsatellite genotyping identified 28 multilocus genotypes on strawberry that were distinct among 208 isolates originating from various hosts and locations. Based on STRUCTURE analysis, two genetic groups were identified: one consisting of isolates from strawberry, and the other comprising samples from different hosts. Multilocus genotypes were shared among nursery sources, and populations defined by nursery were not differentiated. Both mating types were found among the isolates from North Carolina- and California-origin plants and in most strawberry seasons; however, a predominance of A1 was observed, and regular sexual reproduction was not supported by the data. This study reveals a unique genetic population of P. nicotianae associated with strawberry and emphasizes the vital role of nursery monitoring in mitigating disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V Marin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Maria F Ratti
- Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Guayas, República del Ecuador
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Erica M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
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14
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Wang R, Zhou R, Meng Y, Zheng J, Lu W, Yang Y, Yang J, Wu Y, Shan W. Specific Detection of Phytophthora parasitica by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays Based on a Unique Multicopy Genomic Sequence. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:987-995. [PMID: 37884481 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0722-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora parasitica is a highly destructive oomycete plant pathogen that is capable of infecting a wide range of hosts including many agricultural cash crops, fruit trees, and ornamental garden plants. One of the most important diseases caused by P. parasitica worldwide is black shank of tobacco. Rapid, sensitive, and specific pathogen detection is crucial for early rapid diagnosis, which can facilitate effective disease management. In this study, we used a genomics approach to identify repeated sequences in the genome of P. parasitica by genome sequence alignment and identified a 203-bp P. parasitica-specific sequence, PpM34, that is present in 31 to 60 copies in the genome. The P. parasitica genome specificity of PpM34 was supported by PCR amplification of 24 genetically diverse strains of P. parasitica, 32 strains representing 12 other Phytophthora species, one Pythium species, six fungal species, and three bacterial species, all of which are plant pathogens. Our PCR and real-time PCR assays showed that the PpM34 sequence was highly sensitive in specifically detecting P. parasitica. Finally, we developed a PpM34-based high-efficiency recombinase polymerase amplification assay, which allowed us to specifically detect as little as 1 pg of P. parasitica total DNA from both pure cultures and infected Nicotiana benthamiana at 39°C using a fluorometric thermal cycler. The sensitivity, specificity, convenience, and rapidity of this assay represent a major improvement for early diagnosis of P. parasitica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Cai L, Huang X, Feng H, Fan G, Sun X. Antimicrobial mechanisms of g-C 3 N 4 @ZnO against oomycetes Phytophthora capsici: from its metabolism, membrane structures and growth. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2096-2108. [PMID: 38135506 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora capsici, a refractory and model oomycete plant pathogen, especially threatens multiple vegetable crops. A limited number of chemical pesticides play a vital role in controlling oomycete plant diseases. However, this approach often leads to excessive use of chemical agent, exacerbates environmental issues and more and more drug-resistant strains of oomycete. Therefore, it is imperative to devise innovative solutions that can effectively address the infection of oomycete while maintaining high levels of environmental sustainability and low toxicity. RESULTS In this study, g-C3 N4 @ZnO heterostructure was synthesized and characterized. The g-C3 N4 @ZnO showed higher toxicity on Phytophthora capsici than graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) nanosheets and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Except the hyphal growth of Phytophthora capsici, their germination rate of spores, sporangium formation and number of spores were all suppressed by g-C3 N4 @ZnO heterostructure. Furthermore, we found that this g-C3 N4 @ZnO heterostructure has higher photocatalytic activity under visible light, which potentially enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated stress on Phytophthora capsici. Ultrastructural morphology, global changes of gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis all supported that the anti-oomycete activity of g-C3 N4 @ZnO was manifested in the destruction of membrane system and inhibition of multiple metabolisms of Phytophthora capsici under visible irradiation, which also could be attributed to the ROS and zinc ion (Zn2+ ) mediated stress. CONCLUSION This works offers a novel oomycete disease management strategy by using g-C3 N4 @ZnO, which were attributed to the ROS stress, destruction of membrane system and inhibition of multiple metabolisms. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality, College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xunliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality, College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Nkurikiyimfura O, Waheed A, Fang H, Yuan X, Chen L, Wang YP, Lu G, Zhan J, Yang L. Fitness difference between two synonymous mutations of Phytophthora infestans ATP6 gene. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38494489 PMCID: PMC10946160 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequence variation produced by mutation provides the ultimate source of natural selection for species adaptation. Unlike nonsynonymous mutation, synonymous mutations are generally considered to be selectively neutral but accumulating evidence suggests they also contribute to species adaptation by regulating the flow of genetic information and the development of functional traits. In this study, we analysed sequence characteristics of ATP6, a housekeeping gene from 139 Phytophthora infestans isolates, and compared the fitness components including metabolic rate, temperature sensitivity, aggressiveness, and fungicide tolerance among synonymous mutations. RESULTS We found that the housekeeping gene exhibited low genetic variation and was represented by two major synonymous mutants at similar frequency (0.496 and 0.468, respectively). The two synonymous mutants were generated by a single nucleotide substitution but differed significantly in fitness as well as temperature-mediated spatial distribution and expression. The synonymous mutant ending in AT was more common in cold regions and was more expressed at lower experimental temperature than the synonymous mutant ending in GC and vice versa. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the argument that synonymous mutations can modulate the adaptive evolution of species including pathogens and have important implications for sustainable disease management, especially under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hanmei Fang
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxian Yuan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
| | - Lina Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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17
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Li Y, Wang N, Guo J, Zhou X, Bai X, Azeem M, Zhu L, Chen L, Chu M, Wang H, Cheng W. Integrative Transcriptome Analysis of mRNA and miRNA in Pepper's Response to Phytophthora capsici Infection. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:186. [PMID: 38534455 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora blight of pepper is a notorious disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, which poses a great threat to global pepper production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expressions by altering the translation efficiency or stability of targeted mRNAs, which play important roles in the regulation of a plant's response to pathogens. Herein, time-series mRNA-seq libraries and small RNA-seq libraries were constructed using pepper roots from the resistant line CM334 and the susceptible line EC01 inoculated with P. capsici at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation, respectively. For mRNA-seq analysis, a total of 2159 and 2971 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CM334 and EC01, respectively. For miRNA-seq analysis, 491 pepper miRNAs were identified, including 330 known miRNAs and 161 novel miRNAs. Among them, 69 and 88 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in CM334 and EC01, respectively. Examination of DEMs and their targets revealed 22 regulatory networks, predominantly featuring up-regulated miRNAs corresponding to down-regulated target genes. Notably, these DEM-DEG regulatory networks exhibited significant overlap between CM334 and EC01, suggesting that they might contribute to pepper's basal defense against P. capsici. Furthermore, five selected DEMs (miR166, miR1171, miR395, miR530 and miRN2) and their target genes underwent qRT-PCR validation, confirming a consistent negative correlation in the expression patterns of miRNAs and their targets. This comprehensive analysis provides novel insights into the regulatory networks of miRNAs and their targets, offering valuable contributions to our understanding of pepper's defense mechanisms against P. capsici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianjun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xueyi Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Moli Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Metabolic Diseases, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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18
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Queiroz VF, Tatara JM, Botelho BB, Rodrigues RAL, Almeida GMDF, Abrahao JS. The consequences of viral infection on protists. Commun Biol 2024; 7:306. [PMID: 38462656 PMCID: PMC10925606 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protists encompass a vast widely distributed group of organisms, surpassing the diversity observed in metazoans. Their diverse ecological niches and life forms are intriguing characteristics that render them valuable subjects for in-depth cell biology studies. Throughout history, viruses have played a pivotal role in elucidating complex cellular processes, particularly in the context of cellular responses to viral infections. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the cellular alterations that are triggered in specific hosts following different viral infections and explore intricate biological interactions observed in experimental conditions using different host-pathogen groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fulgencio Queiroz
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Miranda Tatara
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bruna Barbosa Botelho
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Araújo Lima Rodrigues
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jonatas Santos Abrahao
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Li W, Zhu H, Chen J, Ru B, Peng Q, Miao J, Liu X. PsAF5 functions as an essential adapter for PsPHB2-mediated mitophagy under ROS stress in Phytophthora sojae. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1967. [PMID: 38438368 PMCID: PMC10912746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important defense means to protect against pathogens. Although mitochondria are the main intracellular targets of ROS, how pathogens regulate mitochondrial physiology in response to oxidative stress remains elusive. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein, recognized as a mitophagy receptor in animals and fungi. Here, we find that an ANK and FYVE domain-containing protein PsAF5, is an adapter of PsPHB2, interacting with PsATG8 under ROS stress. Unlike animal PHB2 that can recruit ATG8 directly to mitochondria, PsPHB2 in Phytophthora sojae cannot recruit PsATG8 to stressed mitochondria without PsAF5. PsAF5 deletion impairs mitophagy under ROS stress and increases the pathogen's sensitivity to H2O2, resulting in the attenuation of P. sojae virulence. This discovery of a PsPHB2-PsATG8 adapter (PsAF5) in plant-pathogenic oomycetes reveals that mitophagy induction by IMM proteins is conserved in eukaryotes, but with differences in the details of ATG8 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binglu Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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20
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Mohaimin AZ, Krishnamoorthy S, Shivanand P. A critical review on bioaerosols-dispersal of crop pathogenic microorganisms and their impact on crop yield. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:587-628. [PMID: 38001398 PMCID: PMC10920616 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioaerosols are potential sources of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause devastating outbreaks of global crop diseases. Various microorganisms, insects and viroids are known to cause severe crop diseases impeding global agro-economy. Such losses threaten global food security, as it is estimated that almost 821 million people are underfed due to global crisis in food production. It is estimated that global population would reach 10 billion by 2050. Hence, it is imperative to substantially increase global food production to about 60% more than the existing levels. To meet the increasing demand, it is essential to control crop diseases and increase yield. Better understanding of the dispersive nature of bioaerosols, seasonal variations, regional diversity and load would enable in formulating improved strategies to control disease severity, onset and spread. Further, insights on regional and global bioaerosol composition and dissemination would help in predicting and preventing endemic and epidemic outbreaks of crop diseases. Advanced knowledge of the factors influencing disease onset and progress, mechanism of pathogen attachment and penetration, dispersal of pathogens, life cycle and the mode of infection, aid the development and implementation of species-specific and region-specific preventive strategies to control crop diseases. Intriguingly, development of R gene-mediated resistant varieties has shown promising results in controlling crop diseases. Forthcoming studies on the development of an appropriately stacked R gene with a wide range of resistance to crop diseases would enable proper management and yield. The article reviews various aspects of pathogenic bioaerosols, pathogen invasion and infestation, crop diseases and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Zul'Adly Mohaimin
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sarayu Krishnamoorthy
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Pooja Shivanand
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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21
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King FJ, Yuen ELH, Bozkurt TO. Border Control: Manipulation of the Host-Pathogen Interface by Perihaustorial Oomycete Effectors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:220-226. [PMID: 37999635 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0122-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous plant pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, cause some of the most devastating plant diseases. These organisms serve as ideal models for understanding the intricate molecular interplay between plants and the invading pathogens. Filamentous pathogens secrete effector proteins via haustoria, specialized structures for infection and nutrient uptake, to suppress the plant immune response and to reprogram plant metabolism. Recent advances in cell biology have provided crucial insights into the biogenesis of the extrahaustorial membrane and the redirection of host endomembrane trafficking toward this interface. Functional studies have shown that an increasing number of oomycete effectors accumulate at the perihaustorial interface to subvert plant focal immune responses, with a particular convergence on targets involved in host endomembrane trafficking. In this review, we summarize the diverse mechanisms of perihaustorial effectors from oomycetes and pinpoint pressing questions regarding their role in manipulating host defense and metabolism at the haustorial interface. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie J King
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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22
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Wang B, Yang J, Zhao X, Feng X, Xu S, Li P, Li L, Chen Y. Antifungal activity of the botanical compound rhein against Phytophthora capsici and the underlying mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1228-1239. [PMID: 37897133 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora capsici is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic oomycete that causes huge economic losses. However, due to the drug resistance risk and environmental threat of chemical fungicides, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives. Rhein is a major medicinal ingredient of traditional Chinese herbs, and it is widely used in the medical field. However, its inhibitory effect against phytopathogens is unknown. Herein, the antifungal spectrum of rhein and its possible action mechanism against P. capsici were investigated. RESULTS Rhein possessed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogens, particularly P. capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Helminthosporium maydis, and Rhizoctonia solani. Rhein inhibited the mycelial growth as well as the spore germination of P. capsici with mean 50% effective concentration (EC50 ) values of 4.68 μg mL-1 and 6.57 μg mL-1 against 117 P. capsici isolates, respectively. Rhein effectively suppressed the occurrence and spread of Phytophthora blight and significantly destroyed the cell membrane permeability and integrity of P. capsici, corroded its cell wall integrity, and damaged its morphology and ultrastructure. Moreover, rhein caused a considerable reduction in the phospholipid and cellulose contents. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of P. capsici in response to rhein indicated significant reduction in the expression levels of genes participating in glycerolipid metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, rhein strengthened the disease defense system of pepper by enhancing related enzyme activities. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that rhein could effectively inhibit P. capsici using multiple mechanisms of action. Rhein has the potential to be an efficient alternative to control diseases caused by P. capsici. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Pirui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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23
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Yang P, Yuan P, Liu W, Zhao Z, Bernier MC, Zhang C, Adhikari A, Opiyo SO, Zhao L, Banks F, Xia Y. Plant Growth Promotion and Plant Disease Suppression Induced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain GD4a. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:672. [PMID: 38475518 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease (GMD), invades plants to obtain nutrients and disseminates through airborne conidia in nature. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GD4a, a beneficial bacterium isolated from switchgrass, shows great potential in managing GMD in plants. However, the precise mechanism by which GD4a confers benefits to plants remains elusive. In this study, an A. thaliana-B. cinerea-B. amyloliquefaciens multiple-scale interaction model was used to explore how beneficial bacteria play essential roles in plant growth promotion, plant pathogen suppression, and plant immunity boosting. Arabidopsis Col-0 wild-type plants served as the testing ground to assess GD4a's efficacy. Additionally, bacterial enzyme activity and targeted metabolite tests were conducted to validate GD4a's potential for enhancing plant growth and suppressing plant pathogens and diseases. GD4a was subjected to co-incubation with various bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens to evaluate its antagonistic effectiveness in vitro. In vivo pathogen inoculation assays were also carried out to investigate GD4a's role in regulating host plant immunity. Bacterial extracellular exudate (BEE) was extracted, purified, and subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis. Benzocaine (BEN) from the untargeted metabolomics analysis was selected for further study of its function and related mechanisms in enhancing plant immunity through plant mutant analysis and qRT-PCR analysis. Finally, a comprehensive model was formulated to summarize the potential benefits of applying GD4a in agricultural systems. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of GD4a, isolated from switchgrass, in enhancing plant growth, suppressing plant pathogens and diseases, and bolstering host plant immunity. Importantly, GD4a produces a functional bacterial extracellular exudate (BEE) that significantly disrupts the pathogenicity of B. cinerea by inhibiting fungal conidium germination and hypha formation. Additionally, our study identifies benzocaine (BEN) as a novel small molecule that triggers basal defense, ISR, and SAR responses in Arabidopsis plants. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GD4a can effectively promote plant growth, suppress plant disease, and boost plant immunity through functional BEE production and diverse gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pu Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew C Bernier
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
| | - Ashna Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephen Obol Opiyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fredrekis Banks
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Ma Z, Yang X, Sheng J. WLIP, WLIPβ, and WLIPγ Produced from Pseudomonas canadensis Q3-1 via Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis and Their Roles on Biocontrol of Phytophthora Blight in Peppers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4063-4073. [PMID: 38364207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
White line-inducing principle (WLIP, 1), together with two new cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) WLIPβ (2) and WLIPγ (3), were characterized from the supernatant of Pseudomonas canadensis Q3-1 via precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB) in the current study. They were purified from the supernatant of P. canadensis Q3-1 by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their structures were mainly determined via bioinformatic analyses, spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). These WLIPs share (R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid (HDA), but they differ from each other in the composition of peptidic sequences. In addition, these CLPs showed biocontrol activities against Phytophthora blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici) in peppers. Collectively, this study has shown that PDB could be used for generating new CLPs in Pseudomonas spp. Moreover, we have confirmed that WLIP, WLIPβ, and WLIPγ could be used as lead agrochemicals to control Phytophthora blight in peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwang Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, East Anning Road 967, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, East Anning Road 967, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, East Anning Road 967, Lanzhou 730070, China
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25
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Amaradasa BS, Mei C, He Y, Chretien RL, Doss M, Durham T, Lowman S. Biocontrol potential of endophytic Pseudomonas strain IALR1619 against two Pythium species in cucumber and hydroponic lettuce. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298514. [PMID: 38408078 PMCID: PMC10896519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of fungicides to manage disease has led to multiple environmental externalities, including resistance development, pollution, and non-target mortality. Growers have limited options as legacy chemistry is withdrawn from the market. Moreover, fungicides are generally labeled for traditional soil-based production, and not for liquid culture systems. Biocontrol agents for disease management are a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional agroprotectants. Pythium ultimum is a soil borne oomycete plant pathogen with a broad taxonomic host range exceeding 300 plants. Cucumber seedlings exposed to P. ultimum 1 day after a protective inoculation with bacterial endophyte accession IALR1619 (Pseudomonas sp.) recorded 59% survival; with the control assessed at 18%. When the pathogen was added 5 days post endophyte inoculation, 74% of the seedlings treated survived, compared to 36% of the control, indicating a longer-term effect of IALR1619. Under hydroponic conditions, IALR1619 treated leaf type lettuce cv. 'Cristabel' and Romaine cv. 'Red Rosie' showed 29% and 42% higher shoot fresh weight compared to their controls, respectively. Similar results with less growth decline were observed for a repeat experiment with IALR1619. Additionally, an experiment on hydroponic lettuce in pots with perlite was carried out with a mixture of P. ultimum and P. dissotocum after IALR1619 inoculation. The endophyte treated 'Cristabel' showed fresh weight gain, but the second cultivar 'Pensacola' yielded no increase. In summary, the endophyte IALR1619 provided short term as well as medium-term protection against Pythium blight in cucumber seedlings and may be used as an alternative to conventional fungicides in a greenhouse setting. This study also demonstrated the potential of ALR1619 as a biocontrol agent against Pythium blight in hydroponic lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sajeewa Amaradasa
- The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, The Plant Endophyte Research Center, Danville, VA, United States of America
| | - Chuansheng Mei
- The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, The Plant Endophyte Research Center, Danville, VA, United States of America
| | - Yimeng He
- The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, The Plant Endophyte Research Center, Danville, VA, United States of America
| | - Robert L Chretien
- The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, The Plant Endophyte Research Center, Danville, VA, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Doss
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences-Virginia Tech at The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Controlled Environment Agriculture Innovation Center, Danville, VA, United States of America
| | - Tim Durham
- Division of Science and Technology, Agriculture Program, School of Undergraduate Studies, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA, United States of America
| | - Scott Lowman
- The Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, The Plant Endophyte Research Center, Danville, VA, United States of America
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26
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Zhang JH, Wei HB, Hong YH, Yang RR, Meng J, Luan YS. The lncRNA20718-miR6022-RLPs module regulates tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:57. [PMID: 38319523 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Sl-lncRNA20718 acts as an eTM of Sl-miR6022 regulating its expression thereby affecting SlRLP6/10 expression. SlRLP6/10 regulate PRs expression, ROS accumulation, and JA/ET content thereby affecting tomato resistance to P. infestans. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important horticultural and cash crop whose yield and quality can be severely affected by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in plant defense responses against pathogens. The involvement of Sl-lncRNA20718 and Sl-miR6022 in tomato resistance to P. infestans as well as the targeting of Sl-miR6022 to receptor-like protein genes (RLPs) were predicted in our previous study. However, uncertainty exists regarding their potential interaction as well as the molecular processes regulating tomato resistance. Here, we found that Sl-lncRNA20718 and Sl-miR6022 are positive and negative regulators of tomato resistance to P. infestans by gain- and loss-of-function experiments, respectively. Overexpression of Sl-lncRNA20718 decreased the expression of Sl-miR6022, induced the expression of PRs, reduced the diameter of lesions (DOLs), thereby enhanced disease resistance. A six-point mutation in the binding region of Sl-lncRNA20718 to Sl-miR6022 disabled the interaction, indicating that Sl-lncRNA20718 acts as an endogenous target mimic (eTM) of Sl-miR6022. We demonstrated that Sl-miR6022 cleaves SlRLP6/10. Overexpression of Sl-miR6022 decreases the expression levels of SlRLP6/10, induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces the content of JA and ET, thus inhibiting tomato resistance to P. infestans. In conclusion, our study provides detailed information on the lncRNA20718-miR6022-RLPs module regulating tomato resistance to P. infestans by affecting the expression of disease resistance-related genes, the accumulation of ROS and the phytohormone levels, providing a new reference for tomato disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wei
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu-Hui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization-Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Rui-Rui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu-Shi Luan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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27
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Fu Q, Yang J, Zhang K, Yin K, Xiang G, Yin X, Liu G, Xu Y. Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:873-891. [PMID: 37950600 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is caused by Plasmopara viticola and is a major production problem in most grape-growing regions. The vast majority of effectors act as virulence factors and sabotage plant immunity. Here, we describe in detail one of the putative P. viticola Crinkler (CRN) effector genes, PvCRN11, which is highly transcribed during the infection stages in the downy mildew-susceptible grapevine V. vinifera cv. 'Pinot Noir' and V. vinifera cv. 'Thompson Seedless'. Cell death-inducing activity analyses reveal that PvCRN11 was able to induce spot cell death in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana but did not induce cell death in the leaves of the downy mildew-resistant V. riparia accession 'Beaumont' or of the downy mildew-susceptible 'Thompson Seedless'. Unexpectedly, stable expression of PvCRN11 inhibited the colonization of P. viticola in grapevine and Phytophthora capsici in Arabidopsis. Both transgenic grapevine and Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PvCRN11 promoted plant immunity. PvCRN11 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas PvCRN11-induced plant immunity is nucleus-independent. The purified protein PvCRN11Opt initiated significant plant immunity extracellularly, leading to enhanced accumulations of reactive oxygen species, activation of MAPK and up-regulation of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. Furthermore, PvCRN11Opt induces BAK1-dependent immunity in the apoplast, whereas PvCRN11 overexpression in intracellular induces BAK1-independent immunity. In conclusion, the PvCRN11 protein triggers resistance against P. viticola in grapevine, suggesting a potential for the use of PvCRN11 in grape production as a protectant against downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kangzhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaixin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gaoqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Dhali R, Dey T, Tewari S, Roy SG. A Survey of Phytophthora spp. in Eastern Indian Nurseries and Their Sensitivity to Six Oomycete-Targeted Commercial Fungicides. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:486-501. [PMID: 37498632 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-22-2341-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A survey of the flori-horticultural nurseries in eastern India found Phytophthora nicotianae to be the most widespread Phytophthora species associated with different foliar symptoms of nursery plants and identified the presence of P. palmivora in eastern Indian nurseries for the first time. The survey also led to the first worldwide finding of P. nicotianae on Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees; Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (syn. Ocimum sanctum L.); Philodendron xanadu Croat, Mayo & J. Boos; and Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers and P. palmivora on Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst., as well as the first report from India of P. nicotianae on Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel; Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André; and Adenium obesum (Forsk.) Roem. & Schult. Sensitivity to commercial fungicides Glazer 35WS, Rallis India (metalaxyl, FRAC code 4); Ridomil Gold, Syngenta (mefenoxam + mancozeb); Revus, Syngenta (mandipropamid, FRAC code 40); Aliette Bayer (fosetyl-Al, FRAC code 33); Acrobat, BASF (dimethomorph, FRAC code 40); and Amistar, Syngenta (azoxystrobin, FRAC code 11) was analyzed, showing EC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 16.39 ppm, 0.74 to 1.45 ppm, 2.43 to 17.21 ppm, 63.81 to 327.31 ppm, 8.88 to 174.69 ppm, and 0.1 to 1.13 ppm, respectively, with no cross-resistance of the isolates to the fungicides. The baseline information produced about these Phytophthora spp. from ornamental and horticultural host associations could help prevent the pathogens from becoming primary drivers of new disease outbreaks and their large-scale distribution beyond their natural endemic ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikta Dhali
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Tanmoy Dey
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | | | - Sanjoy Guha Roy
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
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Hernández-Lao T, Tienda-Parrilla M, Labella-Ortega M, Guerrero-Sánchez VM, Rey MD, Jorrín-Novo JV, Castillejo-Sánchez MÁ. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Quercus ilex-Phytophthora cinnamomi Pathosystem Reveals a Population-Specific Response, Independent of Co-Occurrence of Drought. Biomolecules 2024; 14:160. [PMID: 38397397 PMCID: PMC10887186 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is considered to be one of the major structural elements of Mediterranean forests and the agrosilvopastoral Spanish "dehesa", making it an outstanding example of ecological and socioeconomic sustainability in forest ecosystems. The exotic Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most aggressive pathogens of woody species and, together with drought, is considered to be one of the main drivers of holm oak decline. The effect of and response to P. cinnamomi inoculation were studied in the offspring of mother trees from two Andalusian populations, Cordoba and Huelva. At the two locations, acorns collected from both symptomatic (damaged) and asymptomatic (apparently healthy) trees were sampled. Damage symptoms, mortality, and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated in seedlings inoculated under humid and drought conditions. The effect and response depended on the population and were more apparent in Huelva than in Cordoba. An integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the involvement of different metabolic pathways in response to the pathogen in both populations, including amino acid metabolism pathways in Huelva, and terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Cordoba. However, no differential response was observed between seedlings inoculated under humid and drought conditions. A protective mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus was activated in response to defective photosynthetic activity in inoculated plants, which seemed to be more efficient in the Cordoba population. In addition, enzymes and metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways may have conferred higher resistance in the Cordoba population. Some enzymes are proposed as markers of resilience, among which glyoxalase I, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase are candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (T.H.-L.); (M.T.-P.); (M.L.-O.); (V.M.G.-S.); (M.-D.R.)
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo-Sánchez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (T.H.-L.); (M.T.-P.); (M.L.-O.); (V.M.G.-S.); (M.-D.R.)
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Zhao M, Lei C, Zhou K, Huang Y, Fu C, Yang S, Zhang Z. POOE: predicting oomycete effectors based on a pre-trained large protein language model. mSystems 2024; 9:e0100423. [PMID: 38078741 PMCID: PMC10804963 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01004-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes are fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms which can cause catastrophic diseases in many plants. Successful infection of oomycetes depends highly on their effector proteins that are secreted into plant cells to subvert plant immunity. Thus, systematic identification of effectors from the oomycete proteomes remains an initial but crucial step in understanding plant-pathogen relationships. However, the number of experimentally identified oomycete effectors is still limited. Currently, only a few bioinformatics predictors exist to detect potential effectors, and their prediction performance needs to be improved. Here, we used the sequence embeddings from a pre-trained large protein language model (ProtTrans) as input and developed a support vector machine-based method called POOE for predicting oomycete effectors. POOE could achieve a highly accurate performance with an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.804 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.893, accuracy = 0.874, precision = 0.777, recall = 0.684, and specificity = 0.936) in the fivefold cross-validation, considerably outperforming various combinations of popular machine learning algorithms and other commonly used sequence encoding schemes. A similar prediction performance was also observed in the independent test. Compared with the existing oomycete effector prediction methods, POOE provided very competitive and promising performance, suggesting that ProtTrans effectively captures rich protein semantic information and dramatically improves the prediction task. We anticipate that POOE can accelerate the identification of oomycete effectors and provide new hints to systematically understand the functional roles of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions. The web server of POOE is freely accessible at http://zzdlab.com/pooe/index.php. The corresponding source codes and data sets are also available at https://github.com/zzdlabzm/POOE.IMPORTANCEIn this work, we use the sequence representations from a pre-trained large protein language model (ProtTrans) as input and develop a Support Vector Machine-based method called POOE for predicting oomycete effectors. POOE could achieve a highly accurate performance in the independent test set, considerably outperforming existing oomycete effector prediction methods. We expect that this new bioinformatics tool will accelerate the identification of oomycete effectors and further guide the experimental efforts to interrogate the functional roles of effectors in plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Dai T, Yuan K, Shen J, Miao J, Liu X. Ametoctradin resistance risk and its resistance-related point mutation in PsCytb of Phytophthora sojae confirmed using ectopic overexpression. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105747. [PMID: 38225090 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Ametoctradin is mainly used to treat plant oomycetes diseases, but the mechanism and resistance risk of ametoctradin in Phytophthora sojae remain unknown. This study determined the ametoctradin sensitivity of 106 P. sojae isolates and found that the frequency distribution of the median effective concentration (EC50) of ametoctradin was unimodal with a mean value of 0.1743 ± 0.0901 μg/mL. Furthermore, ametoctradin-resistant mutants had a substantially lower fitness index compared with that of wild-type isolates. Although ametoctradin did not show cross-resistance to other fungicides, negative cross-resistance to amisulbrom was found. In comparison to sensitive isolates, the control efficacy of ametoctradin to resistant mutants was lower, implying a low to moderate ametoctradin resistance risk in P. sojae. All ametoctradin-resistant mutants contained a S33L point mutation in PsCytb. A system with overexpression of PsCytb in the nucleus was established. When we ectopically overexpressed S33L-harboring PsCytb, P. sojae developed ametoctradin resistance. We hypothesized that the observed negative resistance between ametoctradin and amisulbrom could be attributed to conformational changes in the binding cavity of PsCytb at residues 33 and 220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang Z, Ai G, Lu X, Li Y, Miao J, Song W, Xu H, Liu J, Shen D, Dou D. Phytophthora sojae Effector PsCRN108 Targets CAMTA2 to Suppress HSP40 Expression and ROS Burst. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:15-24. [PMID: 37856777 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0058-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous crinkling and necrosis proteins (CRNs) to manipulate plant immunity and promote infection. However, the functional mechanism of CRN effectors is still poorly understood. Previous research has shown that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsCRN108 binds to the promoter of HSP90s and inhibits their expression, resulting in impaired plant immunity. In this study, we found that in addition to HSP90, PsCRN108 also suppressed other Heat Shock Protein (HSP) family genes, including HSP40. Interestingly, PsCRN108 inhibited the expression of NbHSP40 through its promoter, but did not directly bind to its promoter. Instead, PsCRN108 interacted with NbCAMTA2, a negative regulator of plant immunity. NbCAMTA2 was a negative regulator of NbHSP40 expression, and PsCRN108 could promote such inhibition activity of NbCAMTA2. Our results elucidated the multiple roles of PsCRN108 in the suppression of plant immunity and revealed a new mechanism by which the CRN effector hijacked transcription factors to affect immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinlu Miao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinding Liu
- Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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33
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Zhang F, Chen S, Cui T, Zhang C, Dai T, Hao J, Liu X. Novel function of the PsDMAP1 protein in regulating the growth and pathogenicity of Phytophthora sojae. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127198. [PMID: 37802447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The DNA methyltransferase 1-associated protein (DMAP1) was initially identified as an activator of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a conserved eukaryotic enzyme involved in diverse molecular processes, including histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of DMAP1 in filamentous pathogens are still largely unknown. Here, employing bioinformatic analysis, we identified PsDMAP1 in P. sojae, which features a canonical histone tail-binding domain, as the ortholog of the human DMAP1. A phylogenetic analysis of DMAP1 protein sequences across diverse eukaryotic organisms revealed the remarkable conservation and distinctiveness of oomycete DMAP1 orthologs. Homozygous knockout of PsDMAP1 resulted in the mortality of P. sojae. Furthermore, silencing of PsDMAP1 caused a pronounced reduction in mycelial growth, production of sporangia and zoospore, cystospore germination, and virulence. PsDMAP1 also played a crucial role in the response of P. sojae to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmotic stresses. Moreover, PsDMAP1 interacted with DNA N6-methyladenine (6 mA) methyltransferase PsDAMT1, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity and effectively regulating 6 mA abundance in P. sojae. Our findings reveal the functional importance of PsDAMP1 in the development and infection of P. sojae, and this marks the initial exploration of the novel 6 mA regulator PsDMAP1 in plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongshan Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Zheng H, You L, Meng S, Wang D, Fu Z. Unraveling the mysteries of (L)WY-domain oomycete effectors. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2898-2901. [PMID: 37973468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liyuan You
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shuaijie Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhengqing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Yang P, Liu W, Yuan P, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Opiyo SO, Adhikari A, Zhao L, Harsh G, Xia Y. Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance Enhancement through Inoculation with Bacillus proteolyticus OSUB18. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1495. [PMID: 38132321 PMCID: PMC10740446 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of B. proteolyticus OSUB18 from switchgrass unveiled its significant potential in both the enhancement of plant growth and the suppression of plant diseases in our previous study. The elucidation of the related mechanisms governing this intricate plant-microbe interaction involved the utilization of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In our comprehensive study on Arabidopsis, OSUB18 treatment was found to significantly alter root architecture and enhance plant growth under various abiotic stresses. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that OSUB18 modified gene expression, notably upregulating the genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis and plant defense, while downregulating those related to flavonoid biosynthesis and wound response. Importantly, OSUB18 also induces systemic resistance in Arabidopsis against a spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens and exhibits antagonistic effects on phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, highlighting its potential as a beneficial agent in plant stress management and pathogen resistance. Overall, our findings substantiate that OSUB18 exerts a stimulatory influence on plant growth and health, potentially attributed to the remodeling of root architecture, defense signaling, and the comprehensive mitigation of various biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Pu Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr. #690, Lorman, MS 39096, USA;
| | - Stephen Obol Opiyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Ashna Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Garrett Harsh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
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Cui Y, Song K, Jin ZJ, Lee LH, Thawai C, He YW. Fructose promotes pyoluteorin biosynthesis via the CbrAB-CrcZ-Hfq/Crc pathway in the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas PA1201. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:618-628. [PMID: 37823038 PMCID: PMC10562864 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol strain Pseudomonas PA1201 produces pyoluteorin (Plt), which is an antimicrobial secondary metabolite. Plt represents a promising candidate pesticide due to its broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial activity. Although PA1201 contains a complete genetic cluster for Plt biosynthesis, it fails to produce detectable level of Plt when grown in media typically used for Pseudomonas strains. In this study, minimum medium (MM) was found to favor Plt biosynthesis. Using the medium M, which contains all the salts of MM medium except for mannitol, as a basal medium, we compared 10 carbon sources for their ability to promote Plt biosynthesis. Fructose, mannitol, and glycerol promoted Plt biosynthesis, with fructose being the most effective carbon source. Glucose or succinic acid had no significant effect on Plt biosynthesis, but effectively antagonized fructose-dependent synthesis of Plt. Promoter-lacZ fusion reporter strains demonstrated that fructose acted through activation of the pltLABCDEFG (pltL) operon but had no effect on other genes of plt gene cluster; glucose or succinic acid antagonized fructose-dependent pltL induction. Mechanistically, fructose-mediated Plt synthesis involved carbon catabolism repression. The two-component system CbrA/CbrB and small RNA catabolite repression control Z (crcZ) were essential for fructose-induced Plt synthesis. The small RNA binding protein Hfq and Crc negatively regulated fructose-induced Plt. Taken together, this study provides a new model of fructose-dependent Plt production in PA1201 that can help improve Plt yield by biosynthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zi-Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chitti Thawai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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37
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Bi G, Zhou JM. Effector modularity promotes functional diversification and evolutionary processes. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2955-2957. [PMID: 37672185 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Gillon A, Abdelrahman O, Abou‐Mansour E, L'Haridon F, Falquet L, Allard P, Weisskopf L. Comparative genomic and metabolomic study of three Streptomyces sp. differing in biological activity. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1389. [PMID: 38129981 PMCID: PMC10616362 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptomyces genus is known to produce many specialized metabolites of value for medicine, but the potential of these metabolites in agronomy remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated three phylogenetically closely related Streptomyces strains (B5, B91, and B135) isolated from three distinct soil samples in Sudan. Despite belonging to the same species, these strains exhibited different ranges of Phytophthora infestans inhibition. The objective of this work was to identify the active compound(s) responsible for the inhibition of P. infestans and of other plant pathogens by comparing the genomes and metabolomes of the three strains which showed distinct activity patterns: B5 was the strongest inhibitor of oomycetes, B5 and B91 both inhibited most fungi and B135 was the only strain showing antibacterial activity. Our comparative genomic and metabolomic analysis identified borrelidin as the bioactive compound underlying B5's strong anti-oomycete activity and highlighted a few other metabolites as putative candidates underlying the strains' antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study illustrates the power of comparative genomics and metabolomics on phylogenetically closely related strains of differing activities to highlight bioactive compounds that could contribute to new sustainable crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Gillon
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Ola Abdelrahman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Department of BotanyUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | | | | | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Genes and genomesSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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Goossens P, Spooren J, Baremans KCM, Andel A, Lapin D, Echobardo N, Pieterse CMJ, Van den Ackerveken G, Berendsen RL. Obligate biotroph downy mildew consistently induces near-identical protective microbiomes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2349-2364. [PMID: 37973867 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an obligately biotrophic downy mildew that is routinely cultured on Arabidopsis thaliana hosts that harbour complex microbiomes. We hypothesized that the culturing procedure proliferates Hpa-associated microbiota (HAM) in addition to the pathogen and exploited this model system to investigate which microorganisms consistently associate with Hpa. Using amplicon sequencing, we found nine bacterial sequence variants that are shared between at least three out of four Hpa cultures in the Netherlands and Germany and comprise 34% of the phyllosphere community of the infected plants. Whole-genome sequencing showed that representative HAM bacterial isolates from these distinct Hpa cultures are isogenic and that an additional seven published Hpa metagenomes contain numerous sequences of the HAM. Although we showed that HAM benefit from Hpa infection, HAM negatively affect Hpa spore formation. Moreover, we show that pathogen-infected plants can selectively recruit HAM to both their roots and shoots and form a soil-borne infection-associated microbiome that helps resist the pathogen. Understanding the mechanisms by which infection-associated microbiomes are formed might enable breeding of crop varieties that select for protective microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Goossens
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Spooren
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim C M Baremans
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Andel
- Translational Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Lapin
- Translational Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nakisa Echobardo
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Van den Ackerveken
- Translational Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roeland L Berendsen
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Ai G, Si J, Cheng Y, Meng R, Wu Z, Xu R, Wang X, Zhai Y, Peng H, Li Y, Dou D, Jing M. The oomycete-specific BAG subfamily maintains protein homeostasis and promotes pathogenicity in an atypical HSP70-independent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113391. [PMID: 37930886 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is vital for organisms and requires chaperones like the conserved Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) co-chaperones that bind to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) through their C-terminal BAG domain (BD). Here, we show an unconventional BAG subfamily exclusively found in oomycetes. Oomycete BAGs feature an atypical N-terminal BD with a short and oomycete-specific α1 helix (α1'), plus a C-terminal small heat shock protein (sHSP) domain. In oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae, both BD-α1' and sHSP domains are required for P. sojae BAG (PsBAG) function in cyst germination, pathogenicity, and unfolded protein response assisting in 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins. PsBAGs form homo- and heterodimers through their unique BD-α1' to function properly, with no recruitment of HSP70s to form the common BAG-HSP70 complex found in other eukaryotes. Our study highlights an oomycete-exclusive protein homeostasis mechanism mediated by atypical BAGs, which provides a potential target for oomycete disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jierui Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zishan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruofei Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ying Zhai
- USDA-ARS, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- USDA-ARS, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Yurong Li
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, van Elk CE, van de Bildt MWG, van Run PRWA, Foster G, Abou-Chakra N, Hare RK, Kuiken T. Infection with Pythium flevoense in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) as a novel cause of dermatitis in marine mammals. Vet Res 2023; 54:102. [PMID: 37919808 PMCID: PMC10623814 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Pythium flevoense was diagnosed as the cause of dermatitis in a young adult female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that had been trapped in a pound net in a temperate saltwater environment. Disease from Pythium sp. infection-pythiosis-is infrequently diagnosed in humans, horses, dogs, cattle, and few other mammalian species. Pythiosis is typically associated with exposure to tropical or subtropical freshwater conditions, and typically caused by Pythium insidiosum. However, until now, pythiosis has been reported in neither marine mammals nor temperate saltwater conditions, and P. flevoense is not known as a cause of pythiosis in mammals. This porpoise developed generalised dermatitis despite treatment and euthanasia was necessary. Histopathological evaluation revealed a chronic active erosive dermatitis, with intralesional hyphae morphologically consistent with a Pythium sp. PCR analysis and sequencing of affected skin matched Pythium flevoense with a 100% similarity to the reference strain. Additional diagnostics excluded other pathogens. Based on this case report, P. flevoense needs to be considered as a mammalian pathogen. Furthermore, harbour porpoises and possibly other marine mammals may be at risk of infection with P. flevoense, and pythiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dermatitis in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelis E van Elk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W G van de Bildt
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R W A van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nissrine Abou-Chakra
- Unit for Mycology, Department of Bacteria Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Krøger Hare
- Unit for Mycology, Department of Bacteria Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Martini F, Jijakli MH, Gontier E, Muchembled J, Fauconnier ML. Harnessing Plant's Arsenal: Essential Oils as Promising Tools for Sustainable Management of Potato Late Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora infestans-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7302. [PMID: 37959721 PMCID: PMC10650712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight disease is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans and is listed as one of the most severe phytopathologies on Earth. The current environmental issues require new methods of pest management. For that reason, plant secondary metabolites and, in particular, essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated promising potential as pesticide alternatives. This review presents the up-to-date work accomplished using EOs against P. infestans at various experimental scales, from in vitro to in vivo. Additionally, some cellular mechanisms of action on Phytophthora spp., especially towards cell membranes, are also presented for a better understanding of anti-oomycete activities. Finally, some challenges and constraints encountered for the development of EOs-based biopesticides are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Martini
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - M. Haïssam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Eric Gontier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Jérôme Muchembled
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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Verma S, Dubey N, Singh KH, Parmar N, Singh L, Sharma D, Rana D, Thakur K, Vaidya D, Thakur AK. Utilization of crop wild relatives for biotic and abiotic stress management in Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277922. [PMID: 37954999 PMCID: PMC10634535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. (Indian mustard) is an economically important edible oil crop. Over the years, plant breeders have developed many elite varieties of B. juncea with better yield traits, but research work on the introgression of stress resilience traits has largely been lagging due to scarcity of resistant donors. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are the weedy relatives of domesticated plant species which are left unutilized in their natural habitat due to the presence of certain undesirable alleles which hamper their yield potential, and thus, their further domestication. CWRs of B. juncea namely include Sinapis alba L. (White mustard), B. tournefortii Gouan. (African mustard), B. fruticulosa Cirillo (Twiggy turnip), Camelina sativa L. (Gold-of-pleasure), Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua Delile (Wall rocket), D. erucoides L. (White wall rocket), D. muralis L. (Annual wall rocket), Crambe abyssinica R.E.Fr. (Abyssinian mustard), Erucastrum gallicum Willd. (Common dogmustard), E. cardaminoides Webb ex Christ (Dogmustard), Capsella bursa-pastoris L. (Shepherds purse), Lepidium sativum L. (Garden Cress) etc. These CWRs have withstood several regimes of biotic and abiotic stresses over the past thousands of years which led them to accumulate many useful alleles contributing in resistance against various environmental stresses. Thus, CWRs could serve as resourceful gene pools for introgression of stress resilience traits into Indian mustard. This review summarizes research work on the introgression of resistance against Sclerotinia stem rot (caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Alternaria blight (caused by Alternaria brassicae), white rust (caused by Albugo candida), aphid attack, drought and high temperature from CWRs into B. juncea. However, various pre- and post-fertilization barriers due to different ploidy levels are major stumbling blocks in the success of such programmes, therefore, we also insightfully discuss how the advances made in -omics technology could be helpful in assisting various breeding programmes aiming at improvisation of stress resilience traits in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Thunag, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Namo Dubey
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, MP, India
| | - K. H. Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nehanjali Parmar
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lal Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipika Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dipika Rana
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, HP, India
| | - Kalpana Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Thunag, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, HP, India
| | - Devina Vaidya
- Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station Bajaura, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
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Renzi S, Nenciarini S, Bacci G, Cavalieri D. Yeast metagenomics: analytical challenges in the analysis of the eukaryotic microbiome. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 3:2. [PMID: 38455081 PMCID: PMC10917621 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Even if their impact is often underestimated, yeasts and yeast-like fungi represent the most prevalent eukaryotic members of microbial communities on Earth. They play numerous roles in natural ecosystems and in association with their hosts. They are involved in the food industry and pharmaceutical production, but they can also cause diseases in other organisms, making the understanding of their biology mandatory. The ongoing loss of biodiversity due to overexploitation of environmental resources is a growing concern in many countries. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the ecology and evolutionary history of these organisms to systematically classify them. To achieve this, it is essential that our knowledge of the mycobiota reaches a level similar to that of the bacterial communities. To overcome the existing challenges in the study of fungal communities, the first step should be the establishment of standardized techniques for the correct identification of species, even from complex matrices, both in wet lab practices and in bioinformatic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Correspondence to: Prof. Duccio Cavalieri, Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy. E-mail:
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Chepsergon J, Moleleki LN. "Order from disordered": Potential role of intrinsically disordered regions in phytopathogenic oomycete intracellular effector proteins. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102402. [PMID: 37329857 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a continuous arms race between pathogens and their host plants. However, successful pathogens, such as phytopathogenic oomycetes, secrete effector proteins to manipulate host defense responses for disease development. Structural analyses of these effector proteins reveal the existence of regions that fail to fold into three-dimensional structures, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Because of their flexibility, these regions are involved in important biological functions of effector proteins, such as effector-host protein interactions that perturb host immune responses. Despite their significance, the role of IDRs in phytopathogenic oomycete effector-host protein interactions is not clear. This review, therefore, searched the literature for functionally characterized oomycete intracellular effectors with known host interactors. We further classify regions that mediate effector-host protein interactions into globular or disordered binding sites in these proteins. To fully appreciate the potential role of IDRs, five effector proteins encoding potential disordered binding sites were used as case studies. We also propose a pipeline that can be used to identify, classify as well as characterize potential binding regions in effector proteins. Understanding the role of IDRs in these effector proteins can aid in the development of new disease-control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chepsergon
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Long M, Wang Q, Li S, Liu C, Chen S, Yang Y, Ma H, Guo L, Fan G, Sun X, Ma G. Additive effect of the Streptomyces albus XJC2-1 and dimethomorph control pepper blight (Capsicum annuum L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3871-3882. [PMID: 37254281 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pepper blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a destructive soilborne disease, which poses a serious threat to pepper, Capsicum annuum L., production. Chemical fungicides, which mainly are used to control pepper blight, have a negative effect on the environment, rendering biological control as a promising alternative to maintain the balance between ecology and pest management. The purpose of this study was to screen the biocontrol bacteria, reduce the dosage of fungicides and increase the stability of biocontrol bacteria, and to find the mixing ratio of biocontrol bacteria and fungicides giving the best control effect. RESULTS We isolated actinomycetes strains from the soil surrounding the roots of healthy pepper plants amongst field-grown plants infected with P. capsici. Of these, Streptomyces albus XJC2-1 showed a strong inhibition effect on the growth of P. capsici, with an inhibition rate of ≤85%. XJC2-1 effectively inhibited the formation of sporangium and release of zoospores of P. capsici as well as directly destroyed its hyphae, to achieve the inhibitory effect. Transcriptomic profiling of pepper leaves, postirrigation of plants with the XJC2-1 fermentation broth, revealed upregulation of genes related to the photosynthesis pathway in pepper. Furthermore, XJC2-1 treatment improved the net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration, thereby improving the pepper plant's resistance to pathogens. The combination of XJC2-1 with the fungicide dimethomorph (8 μg mL-1 ) displayed strong synergism in inhibition of P. capsici infection, with a control efficiency as high as 75.16%, thus providing a basis for its application in the field. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that S. albus XJC2-1 inhibited Phytophthora pathogens from infecting pepper plants and enhanced plant host resistance. The combination of XJC2-1 and dimethomorph displayed a more stable and stronger control effect on pepper blight, showing potential for the future application of XJC2-1 in the field of biological control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Institute of Characteristic Crops, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changyun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyue Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lulu Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhua Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Mian G, Cipriani G, Firrao G, Martini M, Ermacora P. Genetic diversity of Actinidia spp. shapes the oomycete pattern associated with Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS). Sci Rep 2023; 13:16449. [PMID: 37777544 PMCID: PMC10542793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is an important soil-borne disease for the Italian kiwifruit industry, causing €300,000 in economic losses in 2020 alone. So far, the organisms recognized as involved in the aetiology of KVDS mainly belong to the Oomycota. As no effective management strategies exist, a promising approach to overcoming KVDS is the use of resistant species as rootstocks or for inclusion in breeding programs. Several Actinidia genotypes showing different level of resistance to KVDS were grown in disease-promoting soils. A metabarcoding approach was set up to identify KVDS-associated oomycetes and investigate whether the main species involved may vary according to plant genotype. Our results clearly showed significant differences between the genotypes in terms of oomycetes present in both plant rhizosphere and endosphere, which were strongly correlated with the symptoms displayed. We found out that the resistance of Actinidia macrosperma to KVDS is related to its ability to shape the pathobiome, particularly as far as the endosphere is concerned. In our conditions, Phytophthora sp. was predominantly found in sensitive genotypes, whilst Globisporangium intermedium was mainly detected in asymptomatic plants, suggesting that the latter species could compete with the recruitment of Phytophthora sp. in plants with different levels of resistance, consequently, explaining the onset of symptoms and the resistance condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mian
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Guido Cipriani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firrao
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Homma F, Huang J, van der Hoorn RAL. AlphaFold-Multimer predicts cross-kingdom interactions at the plant-pathogen interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6040. [PMID: 37758696 PMCID: PMC10533508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adapted plant pathogens from various microbial kingdoms produce hundreds of unrelated small secreted proteins (SSPs) with elusive roles. Here, we used AlphaFold-Multimer (AFM) to screen 1879 SSPs of seven tomato pathogens for interacting with six defence-related hydrolases of tomato. This screen of 11,274 protein pairs identified 15 non-annotated SSPs that are predicted to obstruct the active site of chitinases and proteases with an intrinsic fold. Four SSPs were experimentally verified to be inhibitors of pathogenesis-related subtilase P69B, including extracellular protein-36 (Ecp36) and secreted-into-xylem-15 (Six15) of the fungal pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. Together with a P69B inhibitor from the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas perforans and Kazal-like inhibitors of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, P69B emerges as an effector hub targeted by different microbial kingdoms, consistent with a diversification of P69B orthologs and paralogs. This study demonstrates the power of artificial intelligence to predict cross-kingdom interactions at the plant-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Homma
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Jie Huang
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK.
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Balbuena TS, Castillejo MÁ, Pascual J. Editorial: Forest tree proteomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285875. [PMID: 37822337 PMCID: PMC10562731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago S. Balbuena
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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50
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Wang Y, Li M, Ying J, Shen J, Dou D, Yin M, Whisson SC, Birch PRJ, Yan S, Wang X. High-efficiency green management of potato late blight by a self-assembled multicomponent nano-bioprotectant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5622. [PMID: 37699893 PMCID: PMC10497615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease worldwide. Unlike other plant pathogens, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is poorly taken up by P. infestans, which is a key obstacle in using dsRNA for disease control. Here, a self-assembled multicomponent nano-bioprotectant for potato late blight management is designed based on dsRNA and a plant elicitor. Nanotechnology overcomes the dsRNA delivery bottleneck for P. infestans and extends the RNAi protective window. The protective effect of nano-enabled dsRNA against infection arises from a synergistic mechanism that bolsters the stability of dsRNA and optimizes its effective intracellular delivery. Additionally, the nano-enabled elicitor enhances endocytosis and amplifies the systemic defense response of the plants. Co-delivery of dsRNA and an elicitor provides a protective effect via the two aspects of pathogen inhibition and elevated plant defense mechanisms. The multicomponent nano-bioprotectant exhibits superior control efficacy compared to a commercial synthetic pesticide in field conditions. This work proposes an eco-friendly strategy to manage devastating plant diseases and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshan Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahan Ying
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Stephen C Whisson
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul R J Birch
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Dundee (at James Hutton Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Shuo Yan
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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