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Zhong M, Xu QQ, Hu Z, Yang W, Lin ZX, Xian YF. Tianma-Gouteng pair ameliorates the cognitive deficits on two transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118113. [PMID: 38548119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Tianma-Gouteng Pair (TGP), commonly prescribed as a pair-herbs, can be found in many Chinese medicine formulae to treat brain diseases. However, the neuroprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of TGP remained unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the difference between the TgCRND8 and 5 × FAD transgenic mice, the anti-AD effects of TGP, and underlying molecular mechanisms of TGP against AD through the two mouse models. METHODS Briefly, three-month-old TgCRND8 and 5 × FAD mice were orally administered with TGP for 4 and 6 months, respectively. Behavioral tests were carried out to determine the neuropsychological functions. Moreover, immunofluorescence and western blotting assays were undertaken to reveal the molecular mechanisms of TGP. RESULTS Although TgCRND8 and 5 × FAD mice had different beta-amyloid (Aβ) burdens, neuroinflammation status, and cognition impairments, TGP exerted neuroprotective effects against AD in the two models. In detail, behavioral tests revealed that TGP treatment markedly ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior, attenuated the recognition memory deficits, and increased the spatial learning ability as well as the reference memory of TgCRND8 and 5 × FAD mice. Moreover, TGP treatment could regulate the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by inhibiting the Aβ production enzymes such as β- and γ-secretases and activating Aβ degrading enzyme to reduce Aβ accumulation. In addition, TGP reduced the Aβ42 level, the ratio of Aβ42/Αβ40, Aβ accumulation, and tau hyperphosphorylation in both the 5 × FAD and TgCRND8 mouse models. Furthermore, TGP ameliorated neuroinflammation by decreasing the densities of activated microglia and astrocytes, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines. TGP upregulated the SIRT1 and AMPK, and downregulated sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) in the brain of TgCRND8 mice and deactivation of the EPhA4 and c-Abl in the brain tissues of 5 × FAD mice. CONCLUSION Our experiments for the first time revealed the neuroprotective effects and molecular mechanism of TGP on 5 × FAD and TgCRND8 transgenic mouse models of different AD stages. TGP decreased the level of Aβ aggregates, improved the tauopathy, and reduced the neuroinflammation by regulation of the SIRT1/AMPK/SREBP2 axis and deactivation of EPhA4/c-Abl signaling pathway in the brains of TgCRND8 and 5 × FAD mice, respectively. All these findings unequivocally confirmed that the TGP would be promising in developing into an anti-AD therapeutic pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Isei MO, Girardi PA, Rodwell-Bullock J, Nehrke K, Johnson GVW. Site-specific phosphorylation of tau impacts mitochondrial function and response to stressors. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1019-1029. [PMID: 37787052 PMCID: PMC10987400 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tau at sites associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) likely plays a role in the disease progression. Mitochondrial impairment, correlating with increased presence of phosphorylated tau, has been identified as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative processes in AD. However, how tau phosphorylated at specific sites impacts mitochondrial function has not been fully defined. We examined how AD-relevant phosphomimetics of tau impact selected aspects of mitochondrial biology. To mimic phosphorylation at AD-associated sites, the serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) sites in wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged tau (T4) were converted to glutamic acid (E) to make pseudo-phosphorylated GFP-tagged Ser-396/404 (2EC) and GFP-tagged Thr-231/Ser-235 (2EM) constructs. These constructs were expressed in immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell lines, and their impact on specific mitochondrial functions and responses to stressors were measured. Phosphomimetic tau altered mitochondrial distribution. Specifically, mitochondria accumulated in the soma of cells expressing either 2EC or 2EM and neurite-like extensions in 2EC cells were shorter. Additionally, adenosine triphosphate levels were reduced in both 2EC- and 2EM-expressing cells, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in 2EC cells during oxidation of succinate when compared to T4-expressing cells. Thapsigargin reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production in both 2EC and 2EM cells relative to T4 cells, with no significant difference in the effects of rotenone. These results show that tau phosphorylation at specific AD-relevant epitopes negatively affects mitochondria, with the extent of dysfunction and stress response varying according to the sites of phosphorylation. Altogether, these findings show that phosphorylated tau increases mitochondrial susceptibility to stressors and extend our understanding of potential mechanisms whereby phosphorylated tau promotes mitochondria dysfunction in tauopathies, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Girardi
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joel Rodwell-Bullock
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Keith Nehrke
- University of Rochester, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gail VW Johnson
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
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Zhang L, Cao K, Xie J, Liang X, Gong H, Luo Q, Luo H. Aβ 42 and ROS dual-targeted multifunctional nanocomposite for combination therapy of Alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:278. [PMID: 38783363 PMCID: PMC11112798 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) readily misfolds into neurotoxic aggregates, generating high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Therefore, simultaneous inhibition of Aβ aggregation and scavenging of ROS may be a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate Alzheimer's disease pathology. Based on the previously developed antibody 1F12 that targets all forms of Aβ42, we developed an Aβ42 and ROS dual-targeting nanocomposite using biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers to load ultra-small cerium oxide nanocrystals (bMSNs@Ce-1F12). By modifying the brain-targeted rabies virus glycoprotein 29 (RVG29-bMSNs@Ce-1F12), this intelligent nanocomposite can efficiently target brain Aβ-rich regions. Combined with peripheral and central nervous system treatments, RVG29-bMSNs@Ce-1F12 can significantly alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting Aβ42 misfolding, accelerating Aβ42 clearance, and scavenging ROS. Furthermore, this synergistic effect of ROS scavenging and Aβ clearance exhibited by this Aβ42 and ROS dual-targeted strategy also reduced the burden of hyperphosphorylated tau, alleviated glial cell activation, and ultimately improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Our findings indicate that RVG29-bMSNs@Ce-1F12 is a promising nanodrug that can facilitate multi-target treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Haiming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Targa Dias Anastacio H, Matosin N, Ooi L. Familial Alzheimer's Disease Neurons Bearing Mutations in PSEN1 Display Increased Calcium Responses to AMPA as an Early Calcium Dysregulation Phenotype. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:625. [PMID: 38792645 PMCID: PMC11123496 DOI: 10.3390/life14050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) can be caused by mutations in PSEN1 that encode presenilin-1, a component of the gamma-secretase complex that cleaves amyloid precursor protein. Alterations in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and glutamate signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of FAD; however, it has been difficult to assess in humans whether or not these phenotypes are the result of amyloid or tau pathology. This study aimed to assess the early calcium and glutamate phenotypes of FAD by measuring the Ca2+ response of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons bearing PSEN1 mutations to glutamate and the ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists NMDA, AMPA, and kainate compared to isogenic control and healthy lines. The data show that in early neurons, even in the absence of amyloid and tau phenotypes, FAD neurons exhibit increased Ca2+ responses to glutamate and AMPA, but not NMDA or kainate. Together, this suggests that PSEN1 mutations alter Ca2+ and glutamate signaling as an early phenotype of FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Targa Dias Anastacio
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Natalie Matosin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
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Kim S, Ma X, Jeon MJ, Song S, Lee JS, Lee JU, Lee CN, Choi SH, Sim SJ. Distinct plasma phosphorylated-tau proteins profiling for the differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease by plasmonic asymmetric nanobridge-based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116085. [PMID: 38295582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been highly demanded for its effectiveness in preventing and contributing to early diagnosis of AD. To this end, we developed a single plasmonic asymmetric nanobridge (PAN)-based biosensor to differentially diagnose MCI and AD by quantitative profiling of phosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau) in clinical plasma samples, which revealed a significant correlation with AD development and progression. The PAN was designed to have a conductive junction and asymmetric structure, which was unable to be synthesized by the traditional thermodynamical methods. For its unique morphological characteristics, PAN features high electromagnetic field enhancement, enabling the biosensor to achieve high sensitivity, with a limit of detection in the attomolar regime for quantitative analysis of p-tau. By introducing support vector machine (SVM)-based machine learning algorithm, the improved diagnostic system was achieved for prediction of healthy controls, MCI, and AD groups with an accuracy of 94.47 % by detecting various p-tau species levels in human plasma. Thus, our proposed PAN-based plasmonic biosensor has a powerful potential in clinical utility for predicting the onset of AD progression in the asymptomatic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingyi Ma
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Myeong Jin Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jeollanam-do, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Nyoung Lee
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Hulse J, Maphis N, Peabody J, Chackerian B, Bhaskar K. Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting tau phosphorylated at Ser396/Ser404 (PHF1) site outperforms phosphorylated S199/S202 (AT8) site in reducing tau pathology and restoring cognitive deficits in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588338. [PMID: 38644999 PMCID: PMC11030413 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), are histopathologically defined by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated pathological tau (pTau) as neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Site-specific phosphorylation of tau occurs early in the disease process and correlates with progressive cognitive decline, thus serving as targetable pathological epitopes for immunotherapeutic development. Previously, we developed a vaccine (Qβ-pT181) displaying phosphorylated Thr181 tau peptides on the surface of a Qβ bacteriophage virus-like particle (VLP) that induced robust antibody responses, cleared pathological tau, and rescued memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Here we report the characterization and comparison of two additional Qβ VLP-based vaccines targeting the dual phosphorylation sites Ser199/Ser202 (Qβ-AT8) and Ser396/Ser404 (Qβ-PHF1). Both Qβ-AT8 and Qβ-PHF1 vaccines elicited high-titer antibody responses against their pTau epitopes. However, only Qβ-PHF1 rescued cognitive deficits, reduced soluble and insoluble pathological tau, and reactive microgliosis in a 4-month rTg4510 model of FTD. Both sera from Qβ-AT8 and Qβ-PHF1 vaccinated mice were specifically reactive to tau pathology in human AD post-mortem brain sections. These studies further support the use of VLP-based immunotherapies to target pTau in AD and related tauopathies and provide potential insight into the clinical efficacy of various pTau epitopes in the development of immunotherapeutics.
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Das-Earl P, Schreihofer DA, Sumien N, Schreihofer AM. Temporal and region-specific tau hyperphosphorylation in the medulla and forebrain coincides with development of functional changes in male obese Zucker rats. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:689-708. [PMID: 38416718 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00409.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with development of tauopathies that contribute to cognitive decline. Without functional leptin receptors, male obese Zucker rats (OZRs) develop MetS, and they have increased phosphorylated tau (ptau) with impaired cognitive function. In addition to regulating energy balance, leptin enhances activation of the hippocampus, which is essential for spatial learning and memory. Whether spatial learning and memory are always impaired in OZRs or develop with MetS is unknown. We hypothesized that male OZRs develop MetS traits that promote regional increases in ptau and functional deficits associated with those brain regions. In the medulla and cortex, tau-pSer199,202 and tau-pSer396 were comparable in juvenile (7-8 wk old) lean Zucker rats (LZRs) and OZRs but increased in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs. Elevated tau-pSer396 was concentrated in the dorsal vagal complex of the medulla, and by this age OZRs had hypertension with increased arterial pressure variability. In the hippocampus, tau-pSer199,202 and tau-pSer396 were still comparable in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs and LZRs but elevated in 28- to 29-wk-old OZRs, with emergence of deficits in Morris water maze performance. Comparable escape latencies observed during acquisition in 18- to 19-wk-old OZRs and LZRs were increased in 28- to 29-wk-old OZRs, with greater use of nonspatial search strategies. Increased ptau developed with changes in the insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cortex but not medulla, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. These data demonstrate that leptin is not required for spatial learning and memory in male OZRs. Furthermore, early development of MetS-associated autonomic dysfunction by the medulla may be predictive of later hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Male obese Zucker rats (OZRs) lack functional leptin receptors and develop metabolic syndrome (MetS). At 16-19 wk, OZRs are insulin resistant, with increased ptau in dorsal medulla and impaired autonomic regulation of AP. At 28-29 wk OZRs develop increased ptau in hippocampus with deficits in spatial learning and memory. Juvenile OZRs lack elevated ptau and these deficits, demonstrating that leptin is not essential for normal function. Elevated ptau and deficits emerge before the onset of diabetes in insulin-resistant OZRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Das-Earl
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Derek A Schreihofer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Ann M Schreihofer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Perez-Corredor P, Vanderleest TE, Vacano GN, Sanchez JS, Villalba-Moreno ND, Marino C, Krasemann S, Mendivil-Perez MA, Aguillón D, Jiménez-Del-Río M, Baena A, Sepulveda-Falla D, Lopera F, Quiroz YT, Arboleda-Velasquez JF, Mazzarino RC. APOE3 Christchurch modulates β-catenin/Wnt signaling in iPS cell-derived cerebral organoids from Alzheimer's cases. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1373568. [PMID: 38571814 PMCID: PMC10987717 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1373568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A patient with the PSEN1 E280A mutation and homozygous for APOE3 Christchurch (APOE3Ch) displayed extreme resistance to Alzheimer's disease (AD) cognitive decline and tauopathy, despite having a high amyloid burden. To further investigate the differences in biological processes attributed to APOE3Ch, we generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cerebral organoids from this resistant case and a non-protected control, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to modulate APOE3Ch expression. In the APOE3Ch cerebral organoids, we observed a protective pattern from early tau phosphorylation. ScRNA sequencing revealed regulation of Cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways by APOE3Ch, with immunostaining indicating elevated β-catenin protein levels. Further in vitro reporter assays unexpectedly demonstrated that ApoE3Ch functions as a Wnt3a signaling enhancer. This work uncovered a neomorphic molecular mechanism of protection of ApoE3 Christchurch, which may serve as the foundation for the future development of protected case-inspired therapeutics targeting AD and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Perez-Corredor
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy E. Vanderleest
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Justin S. Sanchez
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nelson D. Villalba-Moreno
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Marino
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - David Aguillón
- The Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Ana Baena
- The Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Lopera
- The Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph F. Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randall C. Mazzarino
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abasi LS, Elathram N, Movva M, Deep A, Corbett KD, Debelouchina GT. Phosphorylation regulates tau's phase separation behavior and interactions with chromatin. Commun Biol 2024; 7:251. [PMID: 38429335 PMCID: PMC10907630 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein often found in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Beyond this context, mounting evidence suggests that tau localizes into the nucleus, where it may play a role in DNA protection and heterochromatin regulation. The molecular mechanisms behind these observations are currently unclear. Using in vitro biophysical experiments, here we demonstrate that tau can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with DNA, mononucleosomes, and reconstituted nucleosome arrays under low salt conditions. Low concentrations of tau promote chromatin compaction and protect DNA from digestion. While the material state of samples at physiological salt is dominated by chromatin oligomerization, tau can still associate strongly and reversibly with nucleosome arrays. These properties are driven by tau's strong interactions with linker and nucleosomal DNA. In addition, tau co-localizes into droplets formed by nucleosome arrays and phosphorylated HP1α, a key heterochromatin constituent thought to function through an LLPS mechanism. Importantly, LLPS and chromatin interactions are disrupted by aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation. These biophysical properties suggest that tau may directly impact DNA and chromatin accessibility and that loss of these interactions could contribute to the aberrant nuclear effects seen in tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lannah S Abasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nesreen Elathram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manasi Movva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Galia T Debelouchina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Lin H, Sandkuhler S, Dunlea C, Rodwell-Bullock J, King DH, Johnson GVW. BAG3 regulates the specificity of the recognition of specific MAPT species by NBR1 and SQSTM1. Autophagy 2024; 20:577-589. [PMID: 37899687 PMCID: PMC10936643 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2276622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy receptors are essential for the recognition and clearance of specific cargos by selective autophagy, which is essential for maintaining MAPT proteostasis. Previous studies have implicated different autophagy receptors in directing distinct species of MAPT to autophagy, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Here we examine how the autophagy receptors NBR1 and SQSTM1 differentially associate with specific forms of MAPT. In primary neurons depletion of NBR1, unlike depletion of SQSTM1, significantly increased phosphorylated MAPT levels. The specificity of the interactions was confirmed using in vitro binding assays with purified proteins. We provide direct evidence that the co-chaperone BAG3 promotes the preferential association of NBR1 with monomeric MAPT and SQSTM1 with oligomeric MAPT. Using an in vitro affinity-isolation assay, we show that SQSTM1 only binds to monomeric MAPT when BAG3 is absent and fails to bind when BAG3 is present. The opposite is true of NBR1; its association with monomeric MAPT was dependent on the presence of BAG3. Interestingly, in Alzheimer disease brain the association of NBR1 with BAG3 was significantly decreased. In a mouse model, ablation of BAG3 in neural cells disrupted the association of NBR1 with phosphorylated MAPT and led to increased levels of phosphorylated and oligomeric MAPT. Overall, our results uncover a novel role for BAG3 in regulating the specificity of selective autophagy receptors in targeting different species of MAPT and provide compelling evidence that BAG3 plays a key role in maintaining MAPT proteostasis.Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer disease; BAG3: BCL2-associated athanogene 3; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CERAD: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; GST: glutathione S-transferases; MAPT: microtubule-associated protein tau; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; NFT: neurofibrillary tangles; PMI: postmortem interval; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Sandkuhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Colleen Dunlea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joel Rodwell-Bullock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Darron H King
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gail V. W. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Abasi LS, Elathram N, Movva M, Deep A, Corbett KD, Debelouchina GT. Phosphorylation regulates tau's phase separation behavior and interactions with chromatin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572911. [PMID: 38187700 PMCID: PMC10769318 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein often found in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beyond this context, mounting evidence suggests that tau localizes into the nucleus, where it may play a role in DNA protection and heterochromatin regulation. Models of tau depletion or pathology show loss of genetically silent heterochromatin, aberrant expression of heterochromatic genes, and transposable element activation. The molecular mechanisms behind these observations are currently unclear. Using in vitro biophysical experiments, here we demonstrate that tau can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with DNA, mononucleosomes, and reconstituted nucleosome arrays under low salt conditions. Low concentrations of tau promote chromatin compaction and protect DNA from digestion. While the material state of samples at physiological salt is dominated by chromatin oligomerization, tau can still associate strongly and reversibly with nucleosome arrays. These properties are driven by tau's strong interactions with linker and nucleosomal DNA, while magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR experiments show that tau binding does not drastically alter nucleosome structure and dynamics. In addition, tau co-localizes into droplets formed by nucleosome arrays and phosphorylated HP1α, a key heterochromatin constituent thought to function through an LLPS mechanism. Importantly, LLPS and chromatin interactions are disrupted by aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation. These biophysical properties suggest that tau may directly impact DNA and chromatin accessibility and that loss of these interactions could contribute to the aberrant nuclear effects seen in tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lannah S. Abasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nesreen Elathram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manasi Movva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Galia T. Debelouchina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Chandran S, Binninger D. Role of Oxidative Stress, Methionine Oxidation and Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MSR) in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:21. [PMID: 38275641 PMCID: PMC10812627 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A major contributor to dementia seen in aging is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ), a main component of senile plaques (SPs) in AD, induces neuronal death through damage to cellular organelles and structures, caused by oxidation of important molecules such as proteins by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the protein tau in the microtubules within the brain also promote ROS production. Methionine, a residue of proteins, is particularly sensitive to oxidation by ROS. One of the enzyme systems that reverses the oxidative damage in mammalian cells is the enzyme system known as Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MSRs). The components of the MSR system, namely MSRA and MSRB, reduce oxidized forms of methionine (Met-(o)) in proteins back to methionine (Met). Furthermore, the MSRs scavenge ROS by allowing methionine residues in proteins to utilize their antioxidant properties. This review aims to improve the understanding of the role of the MSR system of enzymes in reducing cellular oxidative damage and AD pathogenesis, which may contribute to effective therapeutic approaches for AD by targeting the MSR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Chandran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - David Binninger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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13
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Yang J, Shen N, Shen J, Yang Y, Li HL. Complicated Role of Post-translational Modification and Protease-Cleaved Fragments of Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03867-x. [PMID: 38114762 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tau, a microtubule-associated protein predominantly localized in neuronal axons, plays a crucial role in promoting microtubule assembly, stabilizing their structure, and participating in axonal transport. Perturbations in tau's structure and function are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as tauopathies, the most common disorder of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). In tauopathies, it has been found that tau has a variety of post-translational modification (PTM) abnormalities and/or tau is cleaved into a variety of fragments by some specific proteolytic enzymes; however, the precise contributions of these abnormal modifications and fragments to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Herein, we provide an overview about the involvement of distinctive abnormal tau PTMs and different tau fragments in the pathogenesis of AD and other tauopathies and discuss the involvement of proteolytic enzymes such as caspases, calpains, and asparagine endopeptidase in mediating tau cleavage while also addressing the intercellular transmission role played by tau. We anticipate that further exploration into PTMs and fragmented forms of tau will yield valuable insights for diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions targeting AD and other related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Naiting Shen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianying Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Lian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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14
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Sevastre-Berghian AC, Ielciu I, Bab T, Olah NK, Neculicioiu VS, Toma VA, Sevastre B, Mocan T, Hanganu D, Bodoki AE, Roman I, Lucaciu RL, Hangan AC, Hașaș AD, Decea RM, Băldea I. Betula pendula Leaf Extract Targets the Interplay between Brain Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and NFkB Pathways in Amyloid Aβ 1-42-Treated Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2110. [PMID: 38136229 PMCID: PMC10740548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as the primary and most common cause of dementia in the middle-aged and elderly population worldwide. Chemical analyses of B. pendula leaf extract (BPE), performed using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods (LC/MS), revealed high amounts of polyphenol carboxylic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, trans-p-coumaric, ferulic, and salicylic acids), as well as flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin, hyperoside, quercetin, and quercitrin). Four groups of Wistar rats were used in this experiment (n = 7/group): control (untreated), Aβ1-42 (2 μg/rat intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), Aβ1-42 + BPE (200 mg/Kg b.w.), and DMSO (10 μL/rat). On the first day, one dose of Aβ1-42 was intracerebroventricularly administered to animals in groups 2 and 3. Subsequently, BPE was orally administered for the next 15 days to group 3. On the 16th day, behavioral tests were performed. Biomarkers of brain oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA), (Peroxidase (PRx), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxid dismutase (SOD) and inflammation (cytokines: tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2)) in plasma and hippocampus homogenates were assessed. Various protein expressions (Phospho-Tau (Ser404) (pTau Ser 404), Phospho-Tau (Ser396) (pTau Ser 396), synaptophysin, and the Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathway) were analyzed using Western blot and immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus. The results show that BPE diminished lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation, modulated specific protein expression, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and improved spontaneous alternation behavior, suggesting that it has beneficial effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Timea Bab
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.B.); (N.-K.O.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Neli-Kinga Olah
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.B.); (N.-K.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Vlad Sever Neculicioiu
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Sevastre
- Department of Clinical and Paraclinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.S.); (A.-D.H.)
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Elena Bodoki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.B.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Ioana Roman
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Roxana Liana Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Corina Hangan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.B.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Alina-Diana Hașaș
- Department of Clinical and Paraclinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.S.); (A.-D.H.)
| | - Roxana Maria Decea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Ioana Băldea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-C.S.-B.); (T.M.); (R.M.D.); (I.B.)
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15
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Ndunge OBA, Shikani HJ, Dai M, Freeman BD, Desruisseaux MS. Effects of anti-tau immunotherapy on reactive microgliosis, cerebral endotheliopathy, and cognitive function in an experimental model of cerebral malaria. J Neurochem 2023; 167:441-460. [PMID: 37814468 PMCID: PMC10596299 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM), a potentially fatal encephalopathy caused primarily by infection with Plasmodium falciparum, results in long-term adverse neuro-psychiatric sequelae. Neural cell injury contributes to the neurological deficits observed in CM. Abnormal regulation of tau, an axonal protein pathologically associated with the formation of neurofibrillary lesions in neurodegenerative diseases, has been linked to inflammation and cerebral microvascular compromise and has been reported in human and experimental CM (ECM). Immunotherapy with a monoclonal antibody to pathological tau (PHF-1 mAB) in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases has been reported to mitigate cognitive decline. We investigated whether immunotherapy with PHF-1 mAB prevented cerebral endotheliopathy, neural cell injury, and neuroinflammation during ECM. Using C57BL/6 mice infected with either Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA), which causes ECM, Plasmodium berghei NK65 (PbN), which causes severe malaria, but not ECM, or uninfected mice (Un), we demonstrated that when compared to PbN infection or uninfected mice, PbA infection resulted in significant memory impairment at 6 days post-infection, in association with abnormal tau phosphorylation at Ser202 /Thr205 (pSer202 /Thr205 ) and Ser396-404 (pSer396-404 ) in mouse brains. ECM also resulted in significantly higher expression of inflammatory markers, in microvascular congestion, and glial cell activation. Treatment with PHF-1 mAB prevented PbA-induced cognitive impairment and was associated with significantly less vascular congestion, neuroinflammation, and neural cell activation in mice with ECM. These findings suggest that abnormal regulation of tau protein contributes to cerebral vasculopathy and is critical in the pathogenesis of neural cell injury during CM. Tau-targeted therapies may ameliorate the neural cell damage and subsequent neurocognitive impairment that occur during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry J. Shikani
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Minxian Dai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Brandi D. Freeman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mahalia S. Desruisseaux
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Mahalia S. Desruisseaux, MD, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208022, TAC S169B, New Haven, CT 06520-8022,
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16
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Judd JM, Jasbi P, Winslow W, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Klein-Seetharaman J, Velazquez R. Inflammation and the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease are associated with low circulating choline levels. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:565-583. [PMID: 37548694 PMCID: PMC10499952 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of dietary choline, an essential nutrient, is observed worldwide, with ~ 90% of Americans being deficient. Previous work highlights a relationship between decreased choline intake and an increased risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The associations between blood circulating choline and the pathological progression in both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD remain unknown. Here, we examined these associations in a cohort of patients with MCI with presence of either sparse or high neuritic plaque density and Braak stage and a second cohort with either moderate AD (moderate to frequent neuritic plaques, Braak stage = IV) or severe AD (frequent neuritic plaques, Braak stage = VI), compared to age-matched controls. Metabolomic analysis was performed on serum from the AD cohort. We then assessed the effects of dietary choline deficiency (Ch-) in 3xTg-AD mice and choline supplementation (Ch+) in APP/PS1 mice, two rodent models of AD. The levels of circulating choline were reduced while pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα was elevated in serum of both MCI sparse and high pathology cases. Reduced choline and elevated TNFα correlated with higher neuritic plaque density and Braak stage. In AD patients, we found reductions in choline, its derivative acetylcholine (ACh), and elevated TNFα. Choline and ACh levels were negatively correlated with neuritic plaque load, Braak stage, and TNFα, but positively correlated with MMSE, and brain weight. Metabolites L-Valine, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic, Methylmalonic, and Ferulic acids were significantly associated with circuiting choline levels. In 3xTg-AD mice, the Ch- diet increased amyloid-β levels and tau phosphorylation in cortical tissue, and TNFα in both blood and cortical tissue, paralleling the severe human-AD profile. Conversely, the Ch+ diet increased choline and ACh while reducing amyloid-β and TNFα levels in brains of APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, low circulating choline is associated with AD-neuropathological progression, illustrating the importance of adequate dietary choline intake to offset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Judd
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | | | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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17
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Yu H, Xiong M, Liu C, Xia D, Meng L, Zhang Z. The γ-Adducin 1-357 fragment promotes tau pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1241750. [PMID: 37771520 PMCID: PMC10526357 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1241750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tau phosphorylation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we reported that the γ-adducin 1-357 fragment is present in the brains of AD patients. However, it remains unknown how γ-adducin regulates tau phosphorylation. Objective The aim of this project is to investigate the effects of the γ-adducin 1-357 fragment on tau phosphorylation and the kinases involved in this process. Methods Full-length γ-adducin or the γ-adducin 1-357 fragment was expressed in HEK293 cells, SH-SY5Y cells, and primary neurons. The phosphorylation of tau Ser396 was determined using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Tau P301S transgenic mice were injected with adeno-associated virus encoding full-length γ-adducin or γ-adducin 1-357 fragment to determine the phosphorylation of tau. Results The γ-adducin 1-357 fragment enhances tau phosphorylation at Ser396. Additionally, the expression of the γ-adducin 1-357 fragment leads to the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). This effect was mitigated by the GSK-3β inhibitor 4-Benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8). Conclusion The γ-adducin 1-357 fragment enhances tau phosphorylation by activating GSK3β. These results support that the fragmentation of γ-adducin may play a pivotal role in tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danhao Xia
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Szumlinski KK, Herbert JN, Mejia Espinoza B, Madory LE, Scudder SL. Alcohol-drinking during later life by C57BL/6J mice induces sex- and age-dependent changes in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex expression of glutamate receptors and neuropathology markers. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100099. [PMID: 37396410 PMCID: PMC10310297 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy drinking can induce early-onset dementia and increase the likelihood of the progression and severity of Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD). Recently, we showed that alcohol-drinking by mature adult C57BL/6J mice induces more signs of cognitive impairment in females versus males without worsening age-related cognitive decline in aged mice. Here, we immunoblotted for glutamate receptors and protein markers of ADRD-related neuropathology within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of these mice after three weeks of alcohol withdrawal to determine protein correlates of alcohol-induced cognitive decline. Irrespective of alcohol history, age-related changes in protein expression included a male-specific decline in hippocampal glutamate receptors and an increase in the expression of a beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE) isoform in the PFC as well as a sex-independent increase in hippocampal amyloid precursor protein. Alcohol-drinking was associated with altered expression of glutamate receptors in the hippocampus in a sex-dependent manner, while all glutamate receptor proteins exhibited significant alcohol-related increases in the PFC of both sexes. Expression of BACE isoforms and phosphorylated tau varied in the PFC and hippocampus based on age, sex, and drinking history. The results of this study indicate that withdrawal from a history of alcohol-drinking during later life induces sex- and age-selective effects on glutamate receptor expression and protein markers of ADRD-related neuropathology within the hippocampus and PFC of potential relevance to the etiology, treatment and prevention of alcohol-induced dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
| | - Jessica N. Herbert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Brenda Mejia Espinoza
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Lauren E. Madory
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Samantha L. Scudder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
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19
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Dennison J, Mendez A, Szeto A, Lohse I, Wahlestedt C, Volmar CH. Low-Dose Chidamide Treatment Displays Sex-Specific Differences in the 3xTg-AD Mouse. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1324. [PMID: 37759724 PMCID: PMC10526199 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic compounds have become attractive small molecules for targeting the multifaceted aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD disproportionately affects women, most of the current literature investigating epigenetic compounds for the treatment of AD do not report sex-specific results. This is remarkable because there is rising evidence that epigenetic compounds intrinsically affect males and females differently. This manuscript explores the sexual dimorphism observed after chronic, low-dose administration of a clinically relevant histone deacetylase inhibitor, chidamide (Tucidinostat), in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. We found that chidamide treatment significantly improves glucose tolerance and increases expression of glucose transporters in the brain of males. We also report a decrease in total tau in chidamide-treated mice. Differentially expressed genes in chidamide-treated mice were much greater in males than females. Genes involved in the neuroinflammatory pathway and amyloid processing pathway were mostly upregulated in chidamide-treated males while downregulated in chidamide-treated females. This work highlights the need for drug discovery projects to consider sex as a biological variable to facilitate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Armando Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Angela Szeto
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.D.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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20
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de Ávila C, Suazo C, Nolz J, Cochran JN, Wang Q, Velazquez R, Dammer E, Readhead B, Mastroeni D. Reduced PIN1 gene expression in neocortical and limbic brain regions in female Alzheimer's patients correlates with cognitive and neuropathological phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553279. [PMID: 37645898 PMCID: PMC10462057 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Women have a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), even after adjusting for increased longevity. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the molecular networks that underpin the sex-associated risk of AD. Recent efforts have identified PIN1 as a key regulator of tau phosphorylation signaling pathway. Pin1 is the only gene, to date, that when deleted can cause both tau and Aβ-related pathologies in an age-dependent manner. We analyzed multiple brain transcriptomic datasets focusing on sex differences in PIN1 mRNA levels, in an aging and AD cohort, which revealed reduced PIN1 levels driven by females. Then, we validated this observation in an independent dataset (ROS/MAP) which also revealed that PIN1 is negatively correlated with multiregional neurofibrillary tangle density and global cognitive function, in females only. Additional analysis revealed a decrease in PIN1 in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared with aged individuals, again, driven predominantly by female subjects. Our results show that while both male and female AD patients show decreased PIN1 expression, changes occur before the onset of clinical symptoms of AD in females and correlate to early events associated with AD risk (e.g., synaptic dysfunction). These changes are specific to neurons, and may be a potential prognostic marker to assess AD risk in the aging population and even more so in AD females with increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Ávila
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Crystal Suazo
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - J. Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Eric Dammer
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
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21
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Ichimata S, Martinez-Valbuena I, Lee S, Li J, Karakani AM, Kovacs GG. Distinct Molecular Signatures of Amyloid-Beta and Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Associated with Down Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11596. [PMID: 37511361 PMCID: PMC10380583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited comparative data exist on the molecular spectrum of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). We assessed Aβ and tau deposition severity in the temporal lobe and cerebellum of ten DS and ten sAD cases. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against eight different Aβ epitopes (6F/3D, Aβ38, Aβ39, Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ43, pyroglutamate Aβ at third glutamic acid (AβNp3E), phosphorylated- (p-)Aβ at 8th serine (AβpSer8)), and six different pathological tau epitopes (p-Ser202/Thr205, p-Thr231, p-Ser396, Alz50, MC1, GT38). Findings were evaluated semi-quantitatively and quantitatively using digital pathology. DS cases had significantly higher neocortical parenchymal deposition (Aβ38, Aβ42, and AβpSer8), and cerebellar parenchymal deposition (Aβ40, Aβ42, AβNp3E, and AβpSer8) than sAD cases. Furthermore, DS cases had a significantly larger mean plaque size (6F/3D, Aβ42, AβNp3E) in the temporal lobe, and significantly greater deposition of cerebral and cerebellar Aβ42 than sAD cases in the quantitative analysis. Western blotting corroborated these findings. Regarding tau pathology, DS cases had significantly more severe cerebral tau deposition than sAD cases, especially in the white matter (p-Ser202/Thr205, p-Thr231, Alz50, and MC1). Greater total tau deposition in the white matter (p-Ser202/Thr205, p-Thr231, and Alz50) of DS cases was confirmed by quantitative analysis. Our data suggest that the Aβ and tau molecular signatures in DS are distinct from those in sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Ichimata
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (S.I.); (I.M.-V.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.M.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ivan Martinez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (S.I.); (I.M.-V.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Seojin Lee
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (S.I.); (I.M.-V.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Jun Li
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (S.I.); (I.M.-V.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Ali M. Karakani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (S.I.); (I.M.-V.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Gabor G. Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (S.I.); (I.M.-V.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (A.M.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Rossy Program for PSP Research and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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22
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Yang G, Tong Y, Wang X, Zhao C, Ba Z, Ahelijiang R, Liu X, Gao W, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Yang J, Xu Y. Guizhi Fuling capsule relieves memory deficits by inhibition of microglial neuroinflammation through blocking JAK2/STAT3 pathway in presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185570. [PMID: 37465679 PMCID: PMC10350565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation has been regarded as an important part of the pathological initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is associated with the regulation of microglial activation. Preventing microglial activation to inhibit neuroinflammation may become a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Guizhi Fuling capsule (GZFL) has a strong repression on inflammatory responses. Here, the presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout (PS cDKO) mice, a well-established mouse model of AD, were divided into: WT mice (WT), WT mice+GZFL (WT+GZFL), PS cDKO mice (cDKO), and PS cDKO mice+GZFL (cDKO+GZFL). Mice in the WT+GZFL and cDKO+GZFL group were fed standard chow containing 2000 ppm GZFL for 90 days. After 60 days of GZFL treatment, mice were given to behavioral tests for 30 days in order to explore the effects of GZFL on cognitive and motor function. Then, mice were sacrificed for examining the effects of GZFL on inflammation. Furthermore, primary microglia were obtained from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats and pretreated with or without GZFL (50 μg/ml) for 1 h in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) stimulation to speculate whether the underlying mechanism of GZFL's anti-inflammatory potential was closely associated with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that GZFL has the ability to alleviate memory deficits in PS cDKO mice, which attributes to the improvement of neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial activation and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition, GZFL could inverse the tau hyperphosphorylation and the lessened expression of synaptic proteins in hippocampus of PS cDKO mice. Furthermore, GZFL prevented LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in primary microglia by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. It is noteworthy that therapeutic effects of GZFL on memory impairment are depended on the inhibition of neuroinflammatory responses by the blockage of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, GZFL may be an effective compound Chinese medicine for the improvement and postponement of neurodegenerative progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Tong
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtao Ba
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Reaila Ahelijiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Waimao Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Gu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Candelise N, Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Caissutti D, Spinello Z, Moliterni C, Lancia L, Delle Monache S, Mattei V, Misasi R. The Importance of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Dental Pulp and Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth as Therapeutic Approach in Nervous System Pathologies. Cells 2023; 12:1686. [PMID: 37443720 PMCID: PMC10340170 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, no therapies are available to halt or slow down the course of neuro-degenerative disorders. Most of the drugs developed to fight neurodegeneration are aimed to alleviate symptoms, but none has proven adequate in altering the course of the pathologies. Cell therapy has emerged as an intriguing alternative to the classical pharmacological approach. Cell therapy consists of the transplantation of stem cells that can be obtained from various embryonal and adult tissues. Whereas the former holds notable ethical issue, adult somatic stem cells can be obtained without major concerns. However, most adult stem cells, such as those derived from the bone marrow, are committed toward the mesodermal lineage, and hence need to be reprogrammed to induce the differentiation into the neurons. The discovery of neural crest stem cells in the dental pulp, both in adults' molar and in baby teeth (dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, respectively) prompted researchers to investigate their utility as therapy in nervous system disorders. In this review, we recapitulate the advancements on the application of these stem cells in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting differences and analogies in their maintenance, differentiation, and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Candelise
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (F.S.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (F.S.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Caissutti
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Camilla Moliterni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (F.S.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
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24
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Judd JM, Jasbi P, Winslow W, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Klein-Seetharaman J, Velazquez R. Low circulating choline, a modifiable dietary factor, is associated with the pathological progression and metabolome dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.06.539713. [PMID: 37214864 PMCID: PMC10197582 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.06.539713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most Americans (∼90%) are deficient in dietary choline, an essential nutrient. Associations between circulating choline and pathological progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unknown. Here, we examined these associations and performed a metabolomic analysis in blood serum from severe AD, moderate AD, and healthy controls. Additionally, to gain mechanistic insight, we assessed the effects of dietary choline deficiency (Ch-) in 3xTg-AD mice and choline supplementation (Ch+) in APP/PS1 mice. In humans, we found AD-associated reductions in choline, it's derivative acetylcholine (ACh), and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Choline and ACh were negatively correlated with Plaque density, Braak stage, and TNFα, but positively correlated with MMSE and brain weight. Metabolites L-Valine, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic, Methylmalonic, and Ferulic acids were associated with choline levels. In mice, Ch-paralleled AD severe, but Ch+ was protective. In conclusion, low circulating choline is associated with AD-neuropathological progression, illustrating the importance of dietary choline consumption to offset disease.
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25
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Mees I, Nisbet R, Hannan A, Renoir T. Implications of Tau Dysregulation in Huntington's Disease and Potential for New Therapeutics. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:1-13. [PMID: 37092231 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. The disease, characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments, is caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. Despite the discovery of the mutation in 1993, no disease-modifying treatments are yet available. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in HD is therefore crucial for the development of novel treatments. Emerging research has found that HD might be classified as a secondary tauopathy, with the presence of tau insoluble aggregates in late HD. Increased total tau protein levels have been observed in both HD patients and animal models of HD. Tau hyperphosphorylation, the main feature of tau pathology, has also been investigated and our own published results suggest that the protein phosphorylation machinery is dysregulated in the early stages of HD in R6/1 transgenic mice, primarily in the cortex and striatum. Protein phosphorylation, catalysed by kinases, regulates numerous cellular mechanisms and has been shown to be dysregulated in other neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. While it is still unclear how the mutation in the huntingtin gene leads to tau dysregulation in HD, several hypotheses have been explored. Evidence suggests that the mutant huntingtin does not directly interact with tau, but instead interacts with tau kinases, phosphatases, and proteins involved in tau alternative splicing, which could result in tau dysregulation as observed in HD. Altogether, there is increasing evidence that tau is undergoing pathological changes in HD and may be a good therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaline Mees
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rebecca Nisbet
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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26
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Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Czapski GA, Cieślik M, Zajdel K, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Babiec L, Adamczyk A. Microtubule Cytoskeletal Network Alterations in a Transgenic Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Relevance to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087303. [PMID: 37108467 PMCID: PMC10138344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tumour suppressors TSC1/TSC2, both of which are negative regulators of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. Importantly, mTOR hyperactivity seems to be linked with the pathobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recent studies suggest the potential involvement of microtubule (MT) network dysfunction in the neuropathology of "mTORopathies", including ASD. Cytoskeletal reorganization could be responsible for neuroplasticity disturbances in ASD individuals. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effect of Tsc2 haploinsufficiency on the cytoskeletal pathology and disturbances in the proteostasis of the key cytoskeletal proteins in the brain of a TSC mouse model of ASD. Western-blot analysis indicated significant brain-structure-dependent abnormalities in the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAP-Tau), and reduced MAP1B and neurofilament light (NF-L) protein level in 2-month-old male B6;129S4-Tsc2tm1Djk/J mice. Alongside, pathological irregularities in the ultrastructure of both MT and neurofilament (NFL) networks as well as swelling of the nerve endings were demonstrated. These changes in the level of key cytoskeletal proteins in the brain of the autistic-like TSC mice suggest the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for neuroplasticity alterations in the ASD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frontczak-Baniewicz
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Gouveia Roque C, Chung KM, McCurdy EP, Jagannathan R, Randolph LK, Herline-Killian K, Baleriola J, Hengst U. CREB3L2-ATF4 heterodimerization defines a transcriptional hub of Alzheimer's disease gene expression linked to neuropathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2671. [PMID: 36867706 PMCID: PMC9984184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is changed by disease, but how these molecular responses arise and contribute to pathophysiology remains less understood. We discover that β-amyloid, a trigger of Alzheimer's disease (AD), promotes the formation of pathological CREB3L2-ATF4 transcription factor heterodimers in neurons. Through a multilevel approach based on AD datasets and a novel chemogenetic method that resolves the genomic binding profile of dimeric transcription factors (ChIPmera), we find that CREB3L2-ATF4 activates a transcription network that interacts with roughly half of the genes differentially expressed in AD, including subsets associated with β-amyloid and tau neuropathologies. CREB3L2-ATF4 activation drives tau hyperphosphorylation and secretion in neurons, in addition to misregulating the retromer, an endosomal complex linked to AD pathogenesis. We further provide evidence for increased heterodimer signaling in AD brain and identify dovitinib as a candidate molecule for normalizing β-amyloid-mediated transcriptional responses. The findings overall reveal differential transcription factor dimerization as a mechanism linking disease stimuli to the development of pathogenic cellular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Gouveia Roque
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Min Chung
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan P. McCurdy
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radhika Jagannathan
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa K. Randolph
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krystal Herline-Killian
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jimena Baleriola
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Mehta SL, Kim T, Chelluboina B, Vemuganti R. Tau and GSK-3β are Critical Contributors to α-Synuclein-Mediated Post-Stroke Brain Damage. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:94-101. [PMID: 36447045 PMCID: PMC10249510 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke secondary brain damage is significantly influenced by the induction and accumulation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). α-Syn-positive inclusions are often present in tauopathies and elevated tau levels and phosphorylation promotes neurodegeneration. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a known promoter of tau phosphorylation. We currently evaluated the interaction of α-Syn with GSK-3β and tau in post-ischemic mouse brain. Transient focal ischemia led to increased cerebral protein-protein interaction of α-Syn with both GSK-3β and tau and elevated tau phosphorylation. Treatment with a GSK-3β inhibitor prevented post-ischemic tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, α-Syn interaction was observed to be crucial for post-ischemic GSK-3β-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation as it was not seen in α-Syn knockout mice. Moreover, tau knockout mice show significantly smaller brain damage after transient focal ischemia. Overall, the present study indicates that GSK-3β catalyzes the α-Syn-dependent tau phosphorylation and preventing this interaction is crucial to limit post-ischemic secondary brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - TaeHee Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mail Code CSC-8660, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Monteiro AR, Barbosa DJ, Remião F, Silva R. Alzheimer’s disease: insights and new prospects in disease pathophysiology, biomarkers and disease-modifying drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115522. [PMID: 36996971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that affect millions of people worldwide, with both prevalence and incidence increasing with age. It is characterized by cognitive decline associated, specifically, with degeneration of cholinergic neurons. The problem of this disease is even more fundamental as the available therapies remain fairly limited and mainly focused on symptoms' relief. Although the aetiology of the disease remains elusive, two main pathological hallmarks are described: i) presence of neurofibrillary tangles formed by unfolded protein aggregates (hyperphosphorylated Tau protein) and ii) presence of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-beta peptide. Given the complexity surrounding the pathogenesis of the disease, several potential targets have been highlighted and interrelated upon its progression, such as oxidative stress and the accumulation of metal ions. Thus, advances have been made on the development of innovative multitarget therapeutical compounds to delay the disease progression and restore cell function. This review focuses the ongoing research on new insights and emerging disease-modifying drugs for AD treatment. Furthermore, classical and novel potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of the disease, and their role in assisting on the improvement of targeted therapies will also be approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Monteiro
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Barbosa
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Zhang L, Su Y, Liang X, Cao K, Luo Q, Luo H. Ultrasensitive and point-of-care detection of plasma phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease using colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering dual-readout lateral flow assay. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:7459-7469. [PMID: 37223429 PMCID: PMC9971675 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tau at Ser (396, 404) (p-tau396,404) is one of the earliest phosphorylation events, and plasma p-tau396,404 level appears to be a potentially promising biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The low abundance and easy degradation of p-tau in the plasma make the lateral flow assay (LFA) a suitable choice for point-of-care detection of plasma p-tau396,404 levels. Herein, based on our screening of a pair of p-tau396,404-specific antibodies, we developed a colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-readout LFA for the rapid, highly sensitive, and robust detection of plasma p-tau396,404 levels. This LFA realized a detection limit of 60 pg/mL by the naked eye or 3.8 pg/mL by SERS without cross-reacting with other tau species. More importantly, LFA rapidly and accurately differentiated AD patients from healthy controls, suggesting that it has the potential for clinical point-of-care application in AD diagnosis. This dual-readout LFA has the advantages of simple operation, rapid, and ultra-sensitive detection, providing a new way for early AD diagnosis and intervention, especially in primary and community AD screening. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material (characterization of AuNPs and 4-MBA@AuNP probe; the optimal 4-MBA load for AuNPs; the optimal K2CO3 volumes for 4-MBA@AuNP-3G5 conjugates; the optimal 3G5 load for 4-MBA@AuNP conjugates; effect of NaCl concentration on 4-MBA@AuNP-3G5 stability; the linear curve of T-line color and SERS intensity versus different p-tau396,404 concentrations; the comparison of colorimetric-based LFA test results and the diagnosis results; Raman intensities and antibody activity of 4-MBA@AuNP-3G5 before and after storage; colorimetric intensity of dual-readout LFA detecting different concentrations of p-tau396,404 protein; sequence of synthesized peptides used in this study; information of the participants in this study; the information of antibodies used in this study) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5354-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Kai Cao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Haiming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Suzhou, 215123 China
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Isei MO, Girardi PA, Rodwell-Bullock J, Nehrke K, Johnson GVW. Site-specific phosphorylation of tau impacts mitochondrial biology and response to stressors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.19.529131. [PMID: 36824940 PMCID: PMC9949115 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.529131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tau at sites associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) likely plays a role in the disease progression. Mitochondrial impairment, correlating with increased presence of phosphorylated tau, has been identified as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative processes in AD. However, how tau phosphorylated at specific sites impacts mitochondrial function has not been fully defined. We examined how AD-relevant phosphomimetics of tau impact selected aspects of mitochondrial biology. To mimic phosphorylation at AD-associated sites, the Ser/Thr sites in wild-type GFP tagged-tau (T4) were converted to glutamic acid (E) to make pseudophosphorylated GFP tagged-Ser-396/404 (2EC) and GFP tagged-Thr-231/Ser-235 (2EM) constructs. These constructs were expressed in neuronal HT22 cells and their impact on specific mitochondrial functions and responses to stressors were measured. Phosphomimetic tau altered mitochondrial distribution. Specifically, mitochondria accumulated in the soma of cells expressing either 2EC or 2EM, and neurite-like extensions in 2EC cells were shorter. Additionally, ATP levels were reduced in both 2EC and 2EM expressing cells, and ROS production increased in 2EC cells during oxidation of succinate when compared to T4 expressing cells. Thapsigargin reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψ m ) and increased ROS production in both 2EC and 2EM cells relative to T4 cells, with no significant difference in the effects of rotenone. These results show that tau phosphorylation at specific AD-relevant epitopes negatively affects mitochondria, with the extent of dysfunction and stress response varying according to the sites of phosphorylation. Altogether, these findings extend our understanding of potential mechanisms whereby phosphorylated tau promotes mitochondria dysfunction in tauopathies, including AD. Funding information R01 AG067617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Girardi
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joel Rodwell-Bullock
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Keith Nehrke
- University of Rochester, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gail VW Johnson
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
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Zhang L, Cao K, Su Y, Hu S, Liang X, Luo Q, Luo H. Colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering dual-mode magnetic immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of blood phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114935. [PMID: 36463652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tau at Ser 396, 404 (p-tau396,404) is the earliest phosphorylation event and a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the detection of blood p-tau is challenging because of its low abundance, easy degradation, and complex formation with various blood proteins or cells, often leading to the underestimation of p-tau levels in conventional plasma-based assays. Herein, we developed a colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-mode magnetic immunosensor for highly sensitive, specific, and robust detection of p-tau396,404 in whole blood samples. The detection assay was based on an immunoreaction between p-tau396,404 proteins, wherein antibody-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles act as recognition elements to capture p-tau396,404 in blood, and then horseradish peroxidase- and Raman tags label the corresponding paired antibody as a reporter to provide high signal-to-noise ratios for the immunosensor. This dual-mode immunosensor achieved identified as low as 1.5 pg/mL of p-tau396,404 in the blood in SERS mode and 24 pg/mL in colorimetric mode by the naked eye. More importantly, this immunosensor rapidly and accurately distinguished AD patients from healthy individuals based on blood p-tau396,404 levels, and also had the potential to distinguish AD patients of different severities. Therefore, the dual-mode immunosensor is promising for rapid clinical diagnosis of AD, especially in large-scale AD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liding Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Hu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Liang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China; Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Veselkina ER, Trostnikov MV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. The Effect of the Tau Protein on D. melanogaster Lifespan Depends on GSK3 Expression and Sex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2166. [PMID: 36768490 PMCID: PMC9916465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated conserved protein tau has attracted significant attention because of its essential role in the formation of pathological changes in the nervous system, which can reduce longevity. The study of the effects caused by tau dysfunction and the molecular mechanisms underlying them is complicated because different forms of tau exist in humans and model organisms, and the changes in protein expression can be multidirectional. In this article, we show that an increase in the expression of the main isoform of the Drosophila melanogaster tau protein in the nervous system has differing effects on lifespan depending on the sex of individuals but has no effect on the properties of the nervous system, in particular, the synaptic activity and distribution of another microtubule-associated protein, Futsch, in neuromuscular junctions. Reduced expression of tau in the nervous system does not affect the lifespan of wild-type flies, but it does increase the lifespan dramatically shortened by overexpression of the shaggy gene encoding the GSK3 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3) protein kinase, which is one of the key regulators of tau phosphorylation levels. This effect is accompanied by the normalization of the Futsch protein distribution impaired by shaggy overexpression. The results presented in this article demonstrate that multidirectional changes in tau expression can lead to effects that depend on the sex of individuals and the expression level of GSK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina R. Veselkina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Trostnikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Roshina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G. Pasyukova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Dave N, Judd JM, Decker A, Winslow W, Sarette P, Villarreal Espinosa O, Tallino S, Bartholomew SK, Bilal A, Sandler J, McDonough I, Winstone JK, Blackwood EA, Glembotski C, Karr T, Velazquez R. Dietary choline intake is necessary to prevent systems-wide organ pathology and reduce Alzheimer's disease hallmarks. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13775. [PMID: 36642814 PMCID: PMC9924938 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify modifiable environmental risk factors that reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The B-like vitamin choline plays key roles in body- and brain-related functions. Choline produced endogenously by the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase protein in the liver is not sufficient for adequate physiological functions, necessitating daily dietary intake. ~90% of Americans do not reach the recommended daily intake of dietary choline. Thus, it's imperative to determine whether dietary choline deficiency increases disease outcomes. Here, we placed 3xTg-AD, a model of AD, and non-transgenic (NonTg) control mice on either a standard laboratory diet with sufficient choline (ChN; 2.0 g/kg choline bitartrate) or a choline-deficient diet (Ch-; 0.0 g/kg choline bitartrate) from 3 to 12 (early to late adulthood) months of age. A Ch- diet reduced blood plasma choline levels, increased weight, and impaired both motor function and glucose metabolism in NonTg mice, with 3xTg-AD mice showing greater deficits. Tissue analyses showed cardiac and liver pathology, elevated soluble and insoluble Amyloid-β and Thioflavin S structures, and tau hyperphosphorylation at various pathological epitopes in the hippocampus and cortex of 3xTg-AD Ch- mice. To gain mechanistic insight, we performed unbiased proteomics of hippocampal and blood plasma samples. Dietary choline deficiency altered hippocampal networks associated with microtubule function and postsynaptic membrane regulation. In plasma, dietary choline deficiency altered protein networks associated with insulin metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and fructose metabolic processing. Our data highlight that dietary choline intake is necessary to prevent systems-wide organ pathology and reduce hallmark AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Dave
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Jessica M. Judd
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Annika Decker
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Patrick Sarette
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Oscar Villarreal Espinosa
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Samantha K. Bartholomew
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Alina Bilal
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Jessica Sandler
- Biosciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Ian McDonough
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Joanna K. Winstone
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Erik A. Blackwood
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Christopher Glembotski
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Timothy Karr
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Biosciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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Mazzarino RC, Perez-Corredor P, Vanderleest TE, Vacano GN, Sanchez JS, Villalba-Moreno ND, Krausemann S, Mendivil-Perez MA, Aguillón D, Jimenez-Del-Río M, Baena A, Sepulveda-Falla D, Lopera FJ, Quiroz YT, Arboleda-Velasquez JF. APOE3 Christchurch modulates tau phosphorylation and β-catenin/Wnt/Cadherin signaling in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids from Alzheimer's cases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523290. [PMID: 36712026 PMCID: PMC9882052 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. APOE3 Christchurch (R136S, APOE3Ch ) variant homozygosity was reported in an individual with extreme resistance to autosomal dominant AD due to the PSEN1 E280A mutation. This subject had a delayed clinical age at onset and resistance to tauopathy and neurodegeneration despite extremely high amyloid plaque burden. We established induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cerebral organoids from this resistant case and from a non-protected kindred control (with PSEN1 E280A and APOE3/3 ). We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to successfully remove the APOE3Ch to wild type in iPS cells from the protected case and to introduce the APOE3Ch as homozygote in iPS cells from the non-protected case to examine causality. We found significant reduction of tau phosphorylation (pTau 202/205 and pTau396) in cerebral organoids with the APOE3Ch variant, consistent with the strikingly reduced tau pathology found in the resistant case. We identified Cadherin and Wnt pathways as signaling mechanisms regulated by the APOE3Ch variant through single cell RNA sequencing in cerebral organoids. We also identified elevated β-catenin protein, a regulator of tau phosphorylation, as a candidate mediator of APOE3Ch resistance to tauopathy. Our findings show that APOE3Ch is necessary and sufficient to confer resistance to tauopathy in an experimental ex-vivo model establishing a foundation for the development of novel, protected case-inspired therapeutics for tauopathies, including Alzheimer's.
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Gobom J, Benedet AL, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Montoliu-Gaya L, Schultz N, Ashton NJ, Janelidze S, Servaes S, Sauer M, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Brinkmalm G, Zetterberg H, Hansson O, Rosa-Neto P, Blennow K. Antibody-free measurement of cerebrospinal fluid tau phosphorylation across the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:81. [PMID: 36510321 PMCID: PMC9743664 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is characterized by an abnormal increase of phosphorylated tau (pTau) species in the CSF. It has been suggested that emergence of different pTau forms may parallel disease progression. Therefore, targeting multiple specific pTau forms may allow for a deeper understanding of disease evolution and underlying pathophysiology. Current immunoassays measure pTau epitopes separately and may capture phosphorylated tau fragments of different length depending on the non-pTau antibody used in the assay sandwich pair, which bias the measurement. METHODS We developed the first antibody-free mass spectrometric method to simultaneously measure multiple phosphorylated epitopes in CSF tau: pT181, pS199, pS202, pT205, pT217, pT231, and pS396. The method was first evaluated in biochemically defined Alzheimer's disease and control CSF samples (n = 38). All seven pTau epitopes clearly separated Alzheimer's disease from non-AD (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.84-0.98). We proceeded with clinical validation of the method in the TRIAD (n = 165) and BioFINDER-2 cohorts (n = 563), consisting of patients across the full Alzheimer's disease continuum, including also young controls (< 40 years), as well as patients with frontotemporal dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. RESULTS Increased levels of all phosphorylated epitopes were found in Alzheimer's disease dementia and Aβ positron emission tomography-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment compared with Aβ-negative controls. For Alzheimer's disease dementia compared with Aβ-negative controls, the best biomarker performance was observed for pT231 (TRIAD: AUC = 98.73%, fold change = 7.64; BioFINDER-2: AUC = 91.89%, fold change = 10.65), pT217 (TRIAD: AUC = 99.71%, fold change = 6.33; BioFINDER-2: AUC = 98.12%, fold change = 8.83) and pT205 (TRIAD: AUC = 99.07%, fold change = 5.34; BioFINDER-2: AUC = 93.51%, fold change = 3.92). These phospho-epitopes also discriminated between Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative cognitively unimpaired individuals: pT217 (TRIAD: AUC = 83.26, fold change = 2.39; BioFINDER-2: AUC = 91.05%, fold change = 3.29), pT231 (TRIAD: AUC = 86.25, fold change = 3.80; BioFINDER-2: AUC = 78.69%, fold change = 3.65) and pT205 (TRIAD: AUC = 71.58, fold change = 1.51; BioFINDER-2: AUC = 71.11%, fold change = 1.70). CONCLUSIONS While an increase was found for all pTau species examined, the highest fold change in Alzheimer's disease was found for pT231, pT217 and pT205. Simultaneous antibody-free measurement of pTau epitopes by mass spectrometry avoids possible bias caused by differences in antibody affinity for modified or processed forms of tau, provides insights into tau pathophysiology and may facilitate clinical trials on tau-based drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gobom
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andréa L. Benedet
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Schultz
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK ,grid.454378.9NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stijn Servaes
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mathias Sauer
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tharick A. Pascoal
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK ,grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oskar Hansson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Kaj Blennow
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Zhao HH, Haddad GG. Alzheimer's disease like neuropathology in Down syndrome cortical organoids. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1050432. [PMID: 36568886 PMCID: PMC9773144 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder with an extra copy of chromosome 21 and DS remains one of the most common causes of intellectual disabilities in humans. All DS patients have Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological changes including accumulation of plaques and tangles by their 40s, much earlier than the onset of such neuropathological changes in AD patients. Due to the lack of human samples and appropriate techniques, our understanding of DS neuropathology during brain development or before the clinical onset of the disease remains largely unexplored at the cellular and molecular levels. Methods: We used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and iPSC-derived 3D cortical organoids to model Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome and explore the earliest cellular and molecular changes during DS fetal brain development. Results: We report that DS iPSCs have a decreased growth rate than control iPSCs due to a decreased cell proliferation. DS iPSC-derived cortical organoids have a much higher immunoreactivity of amyloid beta (Aß) antibodies and a significantly higher amount of amyloid plaques than control organoids. Although Elisa results did not detect a difference of Aß40 and Aß42 level between the two groups, the ratio of Aß42/Aß40 in the detergent-insoluble fraction of DS organoids was significantly higher than control organoids. Furthermore, an increased Tau phosphorylation (pTau S396) in DS organoids was confirmed by immunostaining and Western blot. Elisa data demonstrated that the ratio of insoluble Tau/total Tau in DS organoids was significantly higher than control organoids. Conclusion: DS iPSC-derived cortical organoids mimic AD-like pathophysiologyical phenotype in vitro, including abnormal Aß and insoluble Tau accumulation. The molecular neuropathologic signature of AD is present in DS much earlier than predicted, even in early fetal brain development, illustrating the notion that brain organoids maybe a good model to study early neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Gabriel G. Haddad
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Wang M, Lin F, Zhang X, Zhang M, Yan T, Wu B, Du Y, He B, Jia Y. Combination of Alpinia Oxyphylla Fructus and Schisandra Chinensis Fructus ameliorates aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease via reducing BACE1 expression. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102180. [PMID: 36306920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Being the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a series of modifiable risk factors, including metal ions represented by aluminium. Aluminium (Al) exhibits its neurotoxic effects, especially mainly by affecting amyloid-β protein (Aβ) aggregation and Tau hyperphosphorylation. As reported in our previous study, the combination of Alpinia Oxyphylla Fructus and Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (AS) had a neuroprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-AD effect of AS and the mechanism by which AS reduces the neurotoxic effect of Al. Firstly, we used aluminium-maltol (Al(mal)3) to construct a mouse model of AD and performed oral administration of AS, followed by behavioral experiments, and we collected the mouse brain for immunohistochemistry analysis. In vivo results showed that AS significantly improved Al-induced cognitive decline in mice, and reduced the levels of Aβ1-42 and P-Tau in the brain, which further proved the anti-AD effect of AS. Then, in order to explore the mechanism by which AS reduced Aβ1-42, Al-induced PC12 cells were used for the in vitro experiments. Compared with other ratios, the ratio of Alpinia Oxyphylla Fructus: Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (AO:SC) = 1:2 could better improve the cell viability and reduce the Aβ1-42 level. According to western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results, AS ameliorated the pathological process by downregulating the expression of β-secretase (BACE1), rather than by reducing the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) or Tau. These results suggest that AS ameliorated Al-induced AD by affecting the expression of BACE1 and reducing the level of Aβ1-42, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. Combined with previous studies, this study shows that AS has potential for further research and development in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Fei Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 87 Danan Street, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yiyang Du
- School of Functional Food and wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Alterations in Cerebellar Microtubule Cytoskeletal Network in a ValproicAcid-Induced Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123031. [PMID: 36551785 PMCID: PMC9776106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterised by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours. The growing body of evidence points to a role for cerebellar changes in ASD pathology. Some of the findings suggest that not only motor problems but also social deficits, repetitive behaviours, and mental inflexibility associated with ASD are connected with damage to the cerebellum. However, the understanding of this brain structure's functions in ASD pathology needs future investigations. Therefore, in this study, we generated a rodent model of ASD through a single prenatal administration of valproic acid (VPA) into pregnant rats, followed by cerebellar morphological studies of the offspring, focusing on the alterations of key cytoskeletal elements. The expression (Western blot) of α/β-tubulin and the major neuronal MT-associated proteins (MAP) such as MAP-Tau and MAP1B, MAP2, MAP6 (STOP) along with actin-crosslinking αII-spectrin and neurofilament light polypeptide (NF-L) was investigated. We found that maternal exposure to VPA induces a significant decrease in the protein levels of α/β-tubulin, MAP-Tau, MAP1B, MAP2, and αII-spectrin. Moreover, excessive MAP-Tau phosphorylation at (Ser396) along with key Tau-kinases activation was indicated. Immunohistochemical staining showed chromatolysis in the cerebellum of autistic-like rats and loss of Purkinje cells shedding light on one of the possible molecular mechanisms underpinning neuroplasticity alterations in the ASD brain.
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40
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Zhang S, Dong H, Bian J, Li D, Liu C. Targeting amyloid proteins for clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Davies ES, Morphew RM, Cutress D, Morton AJ, McBride S. Characterization of microtubule-associated protein tau isoforms and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in normal sheep (Ovis aries): relevance to their potential as a model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:560. [PMID: 36269420 PMCID: PMC9587068 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for up to 80% of all dementias. Characterised by deteriorations of memory and cognitive function, the key neuropathological features are accumulations of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau, as 'plaques' and 'tangles', respectively. Despite extensive study, however, the exact mechanism underlying aggregate formation in Alzheimer's disease remains elusive, as does the contribution of these aggregates to disease progression. Importantly, a recent evaluation of current Alzheimer's disease animal models suggested that rodent models are not able to fully recapitulate the pathological intricacies of the disease as it occurs in humans. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to species that might make good alternatives to rodents for studying the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease. The sheep (Ovis aries) is one such species, although to date, there have been few molecular studies relating to Alzheimer's disease in sheep. Here, we investigated the Alzheimer's disease relevant histopathological characteristics of 22 sheep, using anti-β-amyloid (Abcam 12267 and mOC64) and phosphorylation specific anti-tau (AT8 and S396) antibodies. We identified numerous intraneuronal aggregates of both β-amyloid and tau that are consistent with early Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. We confirmed the expression of two 3-repeat (1N3R, 2N3R) and two 4-repeat (1N4R, 2N4R) tau isoforms in the ovine brain, which result from the alternative splicing of two tau exons. Finally, we investigated the phosphorylation status of the serine396 residue in 30 sheep, and report that the phosphorylation of this residue begins in sheep aged as young as 2 years. Together, these data show that sheep exhibit naturally occurring β-amyloid and tau pathologies, that reflect those that occur in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. This is an important step towards the validation of the sheep as a feasible large animal species in which to model Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. Davies
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | | | - David Cutress
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - A. Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian McBride
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Khodabakhsh P, Bazrgar M, Mohagheghi F, Parvardeh S, Ahmadiani A. MicroRNA-140-5p inhibitor attenuates memory impairment induced by amyloid-ß oligomer in vivo possibly through Pin1 regulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:91-103. [PMID: 36184817 PMCID: PMC9804077 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1, has a protective role in age-related neurodegeneration by targeting different phosphorylation sites of tau and the key proteins required to produce Amyloid-β, which are the well-known molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The direct interaction of miR-140-5p with Pin1 mRNA and its inhibitory role in protein translation has been identified. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miRNA-140-5p inhibition in promoting Pin1 expression and the therapeutic potential of the AntimiR-140-5p in the Aß oligomer (AßO)-induced AD rat model. METHODS Spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze. RT-PCR, western blot, and histological assays were performed on hippocampal samples at various time points after treatments. miRNA-140-5p inhibition enhanced Pin1 and ADAM10 mRNA expressions but has little effect on Pin1 protein level. RESULTS The miRNA-140-5p inhibitor markedly ameliorated spatial learning and memory deficits induced by AßO, and concomitantly suppressed the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL-1β, and phosphorylation of tau at three key sites (thr231, ser396, and ser404) as well as increased phosphorylated Ser473-Akt. CONCLUSION According to our results, Antimir-140-mediated improvement of AβO-induced neuronal injury and memory impairment in rats may provide an appropriate rationale for evaluating miR-140-5p inhibitors as a promising agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Maryam Bazrgar
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
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Yin X, Li Y, Fan X, Huang F, Qiu Y, Zhao C, Zhou Z, Gu Q, Xia L, Bao J, Wang X, Liu F, Qian W. SIRT1 deficiency increases O-GlcNAcylation of tau, mediating synaptic tauopathy. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4323-4334. [PMID: 35879403 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein tau is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), collectively referred to as tauopathies. However, the mechanisms by which tau is linked to synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment remain unclear. To address this question, we constructed a mouse model with brain-specific deficiency of SIRT1 (SIRT1 flox/Cre + ). Here, we show that increase of site-specific phosphorylation of tau is coupled with the strengthened O-GlcNAcylation of tau triggered by reduced O-GlcNAcase (OGA) and increased O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) protein level in the brain of SIRT1 flox/Cre+ mice. SIRT1 deletion in mice brain changes the synaptosomal distribution of site-specific phospho-tau. Learning and memory deficiency induced by dendritic spine deficits and synaptic dysfunction are revealed via SIRT1 flox/Cre+ mice. Our results provide evidence for SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic target in clinical tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/ Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chenhao Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liye Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junze Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/ Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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DeGiosio RA, Grubisha MJ, MacDonald ML, McKinney BC, Camacho CJ, Sweet RA. More than a marker: potential pathogenic functions of MAP2. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974890. [PMID: 36187353 PMCID: PMC9525131 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is the predominant cytoskeletal regulator within neuronal dendrites, abundant and specific enough to serve as a robust somatodendritic marker. It influences microtubule dynamics and microtubule/actin interactions to control neurite outgrowth and synaptic functions, similarly to the closely related MAP Tau. Though pathology of Tau has been well appreciated in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, the consequences of pathologically dysregulated MAP2 have been little explored, despite alterations in its immunoreactivity, expression, splicing and/or stability being observed in a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders including Huntington’s disease, prion disease, schizophrenia, autism, major depression and bipolar disorder. Here we review the understood structure and functions of MAP2, including in neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of protein folding/transport. We also describe known and potential mechanisms by which MAP2 can be regulated via post-translational modification. Then, we assess existing evidence of its dysregulation in various brain disorders, including from immunohistochemical and (phospho) proteomic data. We propose pathways by which MAP2 pathology could contribute to endophenotypes which characterize these disorders, giving rise to the concept of a “MAP2opathy”—a series of disorders characterized by alterations in MAP2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. DeGiosio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Melanie J. Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew L. MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brandon C. McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carlos J. Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert A. Sweet
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Wang L, Shui X, Mei Y, Xia Y, Lan G, Hu L, Zhang M, Gan CL, Li R, Tian Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. miR-143-3p Inhibits Aberrant Tau Phosphorylation and Amyloidogenic Processing of APP by Directly Targeting DAPK1 in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147992. [PMID: 35887339 PMCID: PMC9317260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau and extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ). Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), as a novel therapeutic target, shows promise for the treatment of human AD, but the regulatory mechanisms of DAPK1 expression in AD remain unclear. In this study, we identified miR-143-3p as a promising candidate for targeting DAPK1. miR-143-3p directly bound to the 3′ untranslated region of human DAPK1 mRNA and inhibited its translation. miR-143-3p decreased tau phosphorylation and promoted neurite outgrowth and microtubule assembly. Moreover, miR-143-3p attenuated amyloid precursor protein (APP) phosphorylation and reduced the generation of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Furthermore, restoring DAPK1 expression with miR-143-3p antagonized the effects of miR-143-3p in attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ production. In addition, the miR-143-3p levels were downregulated and correlated inversely with the expression of DAPK1 in the hippocampus of AD patients. Our results suggest that miR-143-3p might play critical roles in regulating both aberrant tau phosphorylation and amyloidogenic processing of APP by targeting DAPK1 and thus offer a potential novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tae Ho Lee
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498
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Tran D, DiGiacomo P, Born DE, Georgiadis M, Zeineh M. Iron and Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathology to Imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:838692. [PMID: 35911597 PMCID: PMC9327617 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating brain disorder that afflicts millions worldwide with no effective treatment. Currently, AD progression has primarily been characterized by abnormal accumulations of β-amyloid within plaques and phosphorylated tau within neurofibrillary tangles, giving rise to neurodegeneration due to synaptic and neuronal loss. While β-amyloid and tau deposition are required for clinical diagnosis of AD, presence of such abnormalities does not tell the complete story, and the actual mechanisms behind neurodegeneration in AD progression are still not well understood. Support for abnormal iron accumulation playing a role in AD pathogenesis includes its presence in the early stages of the disease, its interactions with β-amyloid and tau, and the important role it plays in AD related inflammation. In this review, we present the existing evidence of pathological iron accumulation in the human AD brain, as well as discuss the imaging tools and peripheral measures available to characterize iron accumulation and dysregulation in AD, which may help in developing iron-based biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Tran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Phillip DiGiacomo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Donald E. Born
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marios Georgiadis
- Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Lopez-Toledo G, Silva-Lucero MDC, Herrera-Díaz J, García DE, Arias-Montaño JA, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC. Patient-Derived Fibroblasts With Presenilin-1 Mutations, That Model Aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology, Constitute a Potential Object for Early Diagnosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:921573. [PMID: 35847683 PMCID: PMC9283986 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.921573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder that can occur in middle or old age, is characterized by memory loss, a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that affect the ability of an individual to function independently. It is divided into sporadic and familial subtypes. Early-onset familial AD (FAD) is linked to mutations in genes coding for the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), presenilin 1 (PS1), and presenilin 2 (PS2), which lead to alterations in AβPP processing, generation of the Amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Identification of early biomarkers for AD diagnosis represents a challenge, and it has been suggested that molecular changes in neurodegenerative pathways identified in the brain of AD patients can be detected in peripheral non-neural cells derived from familial or sporadic AD patients. In the present study, we determined the protein expression, the proteomic and in silico characterization of skin fibroblasts from FAD patients with PS1 mutations (M146L or A246E) or from healthy individuals. Our results shown that fibroblasts from AD patients had increased expression of the autophagy markers LC3II, LAMP2 and Cathepsin D, a significant increase in total GSK3, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and phosphorylated tau (Thr231, Ser396, and Ser404), but no difference in the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) or the α (Ser21) and β (Ser9) GSK3 isoforms, highlighting the relevant role of abnormal protein post-translational modifications in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Both 2-DE gels and mass spectrometry showed significant differences in the expression of the signaling pathways associated with protein folding and the autophagic pathway mediated by chaperones with the expression of HSPA5, HSPE1, HSPD1, HSP90AA1, and HSPE1 and reticular stress in the FAD samples. Furthermore, expression of the heat shock proteins HSP90 and HSP70 was significantly higher in the cells from AD patients as confirmed by Western blot. Taken together our results indicate that fibroblasts from patients with FAD-PS1 present alterations in signaling pathways related to cellular stress, autophagy, lysosomes, and tau phosphorylation. Fibroblasts can therefore be useful in modeling pathways related to neurodegeneration, as well as for the identification of early AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lopez-Toledo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Silva-Lucero
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Herrera-Díaz
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo a la Investigación y a la Industria, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David-Erasmo García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo,
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48
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Tok S, Maurin H, Delay C, Crauwels D, Manyakov NV, Van Der Elst W, Moechars D, Drinkenburg WHIM. Pathological and neurophysiological outcomes of seeding human-derived tau pathology in the APP-KI NL-G-F and NL-NL mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:92. [PMID: 35739575 PMCID: PMC9219251 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The two main histopathological hallmarks that characterize Alzheimer’s Disease are the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. One of the current approaches to studying the consequences of amyloid pathology relies on the usage of transgenic animal models that incorporate the mutant humanized form of the amyloid precursor protein (hAPP), with animal models progressively developing amyloid pathology as they age. However, these mice models generally overexpress the hAPP protein to facilitate the development of amyloid pathology, which has been suggested to elicit pathological and neuropathological changes unrelated to amyloid pathology. In this current study, we characterized APP knock-in (APP-KI) animals, that do not overexpress hAPP but still develop amyloid pathology to understand the influence of protein overexpression. We also induced tau pathology via human-derived tau seeding material to understand the neurophysiological effects of amyloid and tau pathology. We report that tau-seeded APP-KI animals progressively develop tau pathology, exacerbated by the presence of amyloid pathology. Interestingly, older amyloid-bearing, tau-seeded animals exhibited more amyloid pathology in the entorhinal area, isocortex and hippocampus, but not thalamus, which appeared to correlate with impairments in gamma oscillations before seeding. Tau-seeded animals also featured immediate deficits in power spectra values and phase-amplitude indices in the hippocampus after seeding, with gamma power spectra deficits persisting in younger animals. Both deficits in hippocampal phase-amplitude coupling and gamma power differentiate tau-seeded, amyloid-positive animals from buffer controls. Based on our results, impairments in gamma oscillations appear to be strongly associated with the presence and development of amyloid and tau pathology, and may also be an indicator of neuropathology, network dysfunction, and even potential disposition to the future development of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tok
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Maurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - C Delay
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Crauwels
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - N V Manyakov
- Data Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W Van Der Elst
- Quantitative Sciences Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Moechars
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium. .,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Strain JF, Barthelemy N, Horie K, Gordon BA, Kilgore C, Aschenbrenner A, Cruchaga C, Xiong C, Joseph-Mathurin N, Hassenstab J, Fagan AM, Li Y, Karch CM, Perrin RJ, Berman SB, Chhatwal JP, Graff-Radford NR, Mori H, Levin J, Noble JM, Allegri R, Schofield PR, Marcus DS, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, McDade EM, Bateman RJ, Ances BM. CSF Tau phosphorylation at Thr205 is associated with loss of white matter integrity in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105714. [PMID: 35358703 PMCID: PMC9701560 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphorylation of tau leads to conformational changes that destabilize microtubules and hinder axonal transport in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether white matter (WM) decline due to AD is associated with specific Tau phosphorylation site(s). METHODS In autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) mutation carriers (MC) and non-carriers (NC) we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylation at tau sites (pT217, pT181, pS202, and pT205) and total tau with WM measures, as derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and cognition. A WM composite metric, derived from a principal component analysis, was used to identify spatial decline seen in ADAD. RESULTS The WM composite explained over 70% of the variance in MC. WM regions that strongly contributed to the spatial topography were located in callosal and cingulate regions. Loss of integrity within the WM composite was strongly associated with AD progression in MC as defined by the estimated years to onset (EYO) and cognitive decline. A linear regression demonstrated that amyloid, gray matter atrophy and phosphorylation at CSF tau site pT205 each uniquely explained a reduction in the WM composite within MC that was independent of vascular changes (white matter hyperintensities), and age. Hyperphosphorylation of CSF tau at other sites and total tau did not significantly predict WM composite loss. CONCLUSIONS We identified a site-specific relationship between CSF phosphorylated tau and WM decline within MC. The presence of both amyloid deposition and Tau phosphorylation at pT205 were associated with WM composite loss. These findings highlight a primary AD-specific mechanism for WM dysfunction that is tightly coupled to symptom manifestation and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Strain
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicolas Barthelemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kanta Horie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Collin Kilgore
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Osaka City University School of Medicine Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Nelly Joseph-Mathurin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Osaka City University School of Medicine Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Hiroshi Mori
- Osaka City University School of Medicine Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James M Noble
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 100310, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Viamonte 430, C1053 CABA, Argentina
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63100, USA
| | - Daniel S Marcus
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric M McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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50
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Jiang H, Liu J, Guo S, Zeng L, Cai Z, Zhang J, Wang L, Li Z, Liu R. miR-23b-3p rescues cognition in Alzheimer's disease by reducing tau phosphorylation and apoptosis via GSK-3β signaling pathways. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:539-557. [PMID: 35592504 PMCID: PMC9092887 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression in the brain can contribute to cognitive dysfunction and aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several studies have reported a role for microRNA-23b-3p (miR-23b-3p) in various neurologic disorders; however, its involvement in cognition-related functions remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of miR-23b-3p in AD. miRNA profiles in the cortex of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) double transgenic mice (APP/PS1 mice) demonstrated that miR-23b-3p was reduced. This decrease was verified in APPswe cells, SAMP8 mouse brains, and plasma from AD patients. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a major tau kinase implicated in tau pathology, was identified as a target of miR-23b-3p. Functional in vivo studies demonstrated that intracerebroventricular delivery of miR-23b-3p in APP/PS1 mice ameliorated cognitive deficits, histopathological changes, and tau phosphorylation immunoreactivity at several sites by inhibiting GSK-3β expression and activation. Similarly, the upregulation of miR-23b-3p in APPswe cells inhibited GSK-3β-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ1-42 generation, and neuronal apoptosis, resulting in the suppression of the GSK-3β/p-tau and Bax/caspase-3 pathways. Collectively, our findings strongly support the hypothesis that miR-23b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in AD, thereby identifying miR-23b-3p as a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shuilong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhongdi Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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