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Temmerman A, Marquez-Garcia B, Depuydt S, Bruznican S, De Cuyper C, De Keyser A, Boyer FD, Vereecke D, Struk S, Goormachtig S. MAX2-dependent competence for callus formation and shoot regeneration from Arabidopsis thaliana root explants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6272-6291. [PMID: 35738874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the division of the pericycle cells initiates both lateral root development and root-derived callus formation, these developmental processes are affected differently in the strigolactone and karrikin/KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) ligand signalling mutant more axillary growth 2 (max2). Whereas max2 produces more lateral roots than the wild type, it is defective in the regeneration of shoots from root explants. We suggest that the decreased shoot regeneration of max2 originates from delayed formation of callus primordium, yielding less callus material to regenerate shoots. Indeed, when incubated on callus-inducing medium, the pericycle cell division was reduced in max2 and the early gene expression varied when compared with the wild type, as determined by a transcriptomics analysis. Furthermore, the expression of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN genes and of callus-induction genes was modified in correlation with the max2 phenotype, suggesting a role for MAX2 in the regulation of the interplay between cytokinin, auxin, and light signalling in callus initiation. Additionally, we found that the in vitro shoot regeneration phenotype of max2 might be caused by a defect in KAI2, rather than in DWARF14, signalling. Nevertheless, the shoot regeneration assays revealed that the strigolactone biosynthesis mutants max3 and max4 also play a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Temmerman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Belen Marquez-Garcia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Silvia Bruznican
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Zhao L, Guo L, Lu X, Malik WA, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen X, Wang S, Wang J, Wang D, Ye W. Structure and character analysis of cotton response regulator genes family reveals that GhRR7 responses to draught stress. Biol Res 2022; 55:27. [PMID: 35974357 PMCID: PMC9380331 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokinin signal transduction is mediated by a two-component system (TCS). Two-component systems are utilized in plant responses to hormones as well as to biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli. In plants, response regulatory genes (RRs) are one of the main members of the two-component system (TCS). Method From the aspects of gene structure, evolution mode, expression type, regulatory network and gene function, the evolution process and role of RR genes in the evolution of the cotton genome were analyzed. Result A total of 284 RR genes in four cotton species were identified. Including 1049 orthologous/paralogous gene pairs were identified, most of which were whole genome duplication (WGD). The RR genes promoter elements contain phytohormone responses and abiotic or biotic stress-related cis-elements. Expression analysis showed that RR genes family may be negatively regulate and involved in salt stress and drought stress in plants. Protein regulatory network analysis showed that RR family proteins are involved in regulating the DNA-binding transcription factor activity (COG5641) pathway and HP kinase pathways. VIGS analysis showed that the GhRR7 gene may be in the same regulatory pathway as GhAHP5 and GhPHYB, ultimately negatively regulating cotton drought stress by regulating POD, SOD, CAT, H2O2 and other reactive oxygen removal systems. Conclusion This study is the first to gain insight into RR gene members in cotton. Our research lays the foundation for discovering the genes related to drought and salt tolerance and creating new cotton germplasm materials for drought and salt tolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-022-00394-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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3
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Dani KGS, Loreto F. Plant volatiles as regulators of hormone homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:804-812. [PMID: 35170033 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some canonical plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellins have precursors that are biogenic volatiles (indole, indole acetonitrile, phenylacetaldoxime and ent-kaurene). Cytokinins, abscisic acid and strigolactones are hormones comprising chemical moieties that have distinct volatile analogues, and are synthesised alongside constitutively emitted volatiles (isoprene, sesquiterpenes, lactones, benzenoids and apocarotenoid volatiles). Nonvolatile hormone analogues and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) evolved in tandem as growth and behavioural regulators in unicellular organisms. In plants, however, nonvolatile hormones evolved as regulators of growth, development and differentiation, while endogenous BVOCs (often synthesised lifelong) became subtle regulators of hormone synthesis, availability, activity and turnover, all supported by functionally redundant components of hormone metabolism. Reciprocal changes in the abundance and activity of hormones, nitric oxide, and constitutive plant volatiles constantly bridge retrograde and anterograde signalling to maintain hormone equilibria even in unstressed plants. This is distinct from transient interference in hormone signalling by stress-induced and exogenously received volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta Dani
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Naples, 80126, Italy
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4
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Yamoune A, Cuyacot AR, Zdarska M, Hejatko J. Hormonal orchestration of root apical meristem formation and maintenance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6768-6788. [PMID: 34343283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are key regulators of a number of developmental and adaptive responses in plants, integrating the control of intrinsic developmental regulatory circuits with environmental inputs. Here we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation of root development. We focus on key events during both embryonic and post-embryonic development, including specification of the hypophysis as a future organizer of the root apical meristem (RAM), hypophysis asymmetric division, specification of the quiescent centre (QC) and the stem cell niche (SCN), RAM maturation and maintenance of QC/SCN activity, and RAM size. We address both well-established and newly proposed concepts, highlight potential ambiguities in recent terminology and classification criteria of longitudinal root zonation, and point to contrasting results and alternative scenarios for recent models. In the concluding remarks, we summarize the common principles of hormonal control during root development and the mechanisms potentially explaining often antagonistic outputs of hormone action, and propose possible future research directions on hormones in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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6
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Ravazzolo L, Boutet-Mercey S, Perreau F, Forestan C, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Quaggiotti S. Strigolactones and Auxin Cooperate to Regulate Maize Root Development and Response to Nitrate. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:610-623. [PMID: 33508105 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of strigolactones (SLs) and auxin as putative components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root (LR) was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and measurements of LR density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and SLs were performed. Furthermore, an untargeted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and SLs to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on LR density led to hypothesize that the induction of LR development early occurring upon nitrate supply involves the inhibition of SL biosynthesis, but that the downstream target of SL shutdown, besides auxin, also includes additional unknown players. Furthermore, RNA-seq results provided a set of putative markers for the auxin- or SL-dependent action of nitrate, meanwhile also allowing to identify novel components of the molecular regulation of maize root response to nitrate. Globally, the existence of at least four different pathways was hypothesized: one dependent on auxin, a second one mediated by SLs, a third deriving from the SL-auxin interplay, and a last one attributable to nitrate itself through further downstream signals. Further work will be necessary to better assess the reliability of the model proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ravazzolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - François Perreau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Cristian Forestan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
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7
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Li C, Li L, Reynolds MP, Wang J, Chang X, Mao X, Jing R. Recognizing the hidden half in wheat: root system attributes associated with drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5117-5133. [PMID: 33783492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving drought tolerance in wheat is crucial for maintaining productivity and food security. Roots are responsible for the uptake of water from soil, and a number of root traits are associated with drought tolerance. Studies have revealed many quantitative trait loci and genes controlling root development in plants. However, the genetic dissection of root traits in response to drought in wheat is still unclear. Here, we review crop root traits associated with drought, key genes governing root development in plants, and quantitative trait loci and genes regulating root system architecture under water-limited conditions in wheat. Deep roots, optimal root length density and xylem diameter, and increased root surface area are traits contributing to drought tolerance. In view of the diverse environments in which wheat is grown, the balance among root and shoot traits, as well as individual and population performance, are discussed. The known functions of key genes provide information for the genetic dissection of root development of wheat in a wide range of conditions, and will be beneficial for molecular marker development, marker-assisted selection, and genetic improvement in breeding for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Krasylenko Y, Komis G, Hlynska S, Vavrdová T, Ovečka M, Pospíšil T, Šamaj J. GR24, A Synthetic Strigolactone Analog, and Light Affect the Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675981. [PMID: 34305975 PMCID: PMC8293678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones regulating cytoskeleton-mediated developmental events in roots, such as lateral root formation and elongation of root hairs and hypocotyls. The latter process was addressed herein by the exogenous application of a synthetic strigolactone, GR24, and an inhibitor of strigolactone biosynthesis, TIS108, on hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis and a strigolactone signaling mutant max2-1 (more axillary growth 2-1). Owing to the interdependence between light and strigolactone signaling, the present work was extended to seedlings grown under a standard light/dark regime, or under continuous darkness. Given the essential role of the cortical microtubules in cell elongation, their organization and dynamics were characterized under the conditions of altered strigolactone signaling using fluorescence microscopy methods with different spatiotemporal capacities, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It was found that GR24-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation correlated with changes in cortical microtubule organization and dynamics, observed in living wild-type and max2-1 seedlings stably expressing genetically encoded fluorescent molecular markers for microtubules. Quantitative assessment of microscopic datasets revealed that chemical and/or genetic manipulation of strigolactone signaling affected microtubule remodeling, especially under light conditions. The application of GR24 in dark conditions partially alleviated cytoskeletal rearrangement, suggesting a new mechanistic connection between cytoskeletal behavior and the light-dependence of strigolactone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sofiia Hlynska
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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9
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Reynolds M, Atkin OK, Bennett M, Cooper M, Dodd IC, Foulkes MJ, Frohberg C, Hammer G, Henderson IR, Huang B, Korzun V, McCouch SR, Messina CD, Pogson BJ, Slafer GA, Taylor NL, Wittich PE. Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:607-630. [PMID: 33893046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry of investment in crop research leads to knowledge gaps and lost opportunities to accelerate genetic gain through identifying new sources and combinations of traits and alleles. On the basis of consultation with scientists from most major seed companies, we identified several research areas with three common features: (i) relatively underrepresented in the literature; (ii) high probability of boosting productivity in a wide range of crops and environments; and (iii) could be researched in 'precompetitive' space, leveraging previous knowledge, and thereby improving models that guide crop breeding and management decisions. Areas identified included research into hormones, recombination, respiration, roots, and source-sink, which, along with new opportunities in phenomics, genomics, and bioinformatics, make it more feasible to explore crop genetic resources and improve breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M John Foulkes
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Claus Frohberg
- BASF BBC-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | - Susan R McCouch
- Plant Breeding & Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Corteva Agriscience, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50310, USA.
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, AGROTECNIO, CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; ICREA, Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter E Wittich
- Syngenta Seeds B.V., Westeinde 62, 1601 BK, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands.
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10
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IAA3-mediated repression of PIF proteins coordinates light and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009384. [PMID: 33600444 PMCID: PMC7924758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The exogenous light signal and endogenous auxin are two critical factors that antagonistically regulate hypocotyl growth. However, the regulatory mechanisms integrating light and auxin signaling pathways need further investigation. In this study, we identified a direct link between the light and auxin signaling pathways mediated by the auxin transcriptional repressor IAA3 and light-controlled PIF transcription factors in Arabidopsis. The gain-of-function mutation in IAA3 caused hyposensitivity to light, whereas disruption of IAA3 led to an elongated hypocotyl under different light intensity conditions, indicating that IAA3 is required in light regulated hypocotyl growth. Genetic studies showed that the function of IAA3 in hypocotyl elongation is dependent on PIFs. Our data further demonstrated that IAA3 interacts with PIFs in vitro and in vivo, and it attenuates the DNA binding activities of PIFs to the target genes. Moreover, IAA3 negatively regulates the expression of PIFs-dependent genes. Collectively, our study reveals an interplay mechanism of light and auxin on the regulation of hypocotyl growth, coordinated by the IAA3 and PIFs transcriptional regulatory module. Sessile plants integrate environmental and endogenous signals to optimize their growth and development. Hypocotyl growth is a crucial developmental process tightly affected by light and auxin, but the underlying mechanism is still not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the IAA3, a suppressor in auxin signaling, negatively regulates the light signaling regulator PIF protein activities. The IAA3 gain-of-function mutant displays reduced responses to light, while disruption of IAA3 results in elongated hypocotyl under various light intensity conditions. Genetic studies showed that IAA3 functions through PIFs to regulate hypocotyl growth. IAA3 physically interacts with PIFs through its C-terminal region and inhibits PIFs binding to target genes. Furthermore, IAA3 and PIFs coregulated a subset of downstream genes. The IAA3-PIFs interaction represents a novel layer of the regulatory mechanism by which light and auxin signals are integrated to affect hypocotyl growth.
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Guo W, Chen L, Herrera-Estrella L, Cao D, Tran LSP. Altering Plant Architecture to Improve Performance and Resistance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1154-1170. [PMID: 32595089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-stress resistance and yield are major goals in crop cultivation, which can be addressed by modifying plant architecture. Significant progress has been made in recent years to understand how plant architecture is controlled under various growth conditions, recognizing the central role phytohormones play in response to environmental stresses. miRNAs, transcription factors, and other associated proteins regulate plant architecture, mainly via the modulation of hormone homeostasis and signaling. To generate crop plants of ideal architecture, we propose simultaneous editing of multiple genes involved in the regulatory networks associated with plant architecture as a feasible strategy. This strategy can help to address the need to increase grain yield and/or stress resistance under the pressures of the ever-increasing world population and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- The Unidad de Genomica Avanzada (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, TX, USA
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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12
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Li T, Kang X, Lei W, Yao X, Zou L, Zhang D, Lin H. SHY2 as a node in the regulation of root meristem development by auxin, brassinosteroids, and cytokinin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1500-1517. [PMID: 32239656 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, the balance between cell division and differentiation determines organ size, and represents a central unknown in developmental biology. In Arabidopsis roots, this balance is mediated between cytokinin and auxin through a regulatory circuit converging on the IAA3/SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2 (SHY2) gene. Here, we show that crosstalk between brassinosteroids (BRs) and auxin occurs in the vascular transition zone to promote root meristem development. We found that BR increases root meristem size by up-regulating expression of the PINFORMED 7 (PIN7) gene and down-regulating expression of the SHY2 gene. In addition, BES1 could directly bind to the promoter regions of both PIN7 and SHY2, indicating that PIN7 and SHY2 mediate the BR-induced growth of the root meristem by serving as direct targets of BES1. Moreover, the PIN7 overexpression and loss-of-function SHY2 mutant were sensitive to the effects of BR and could partially suppress the short-root phenotypes associated with deficient BR signaling. Interestingly, BRs could inhibit the accumulation of SHY2 protein in response to cytokinin. Taken together, these findings suggest that a complex equilibrium model exists in which regulatory interactions among BRs, auxin, and cytokinin regulate optimal root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467044, China
| | - Xinke Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Faizan M, Faraz A, Sami F, Siddiqui H, Yusuf M, Gruszka D, Hayat S. Role of Strigolactones: Signalling and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:217-228. [PMID: 33987478 PMCID: PMC8114782 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in controlling how plants grow and develop. While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth. Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and shoot branching), photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors. SLs also induce hyphal branching in germinating spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a process that is important for initiating the connection between host plant roots and AMF. This review outlines the physiological roles of SLs and discusses the significance of interactions between SLs and other phytohormones to plant metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Tree Seed Center, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing-210037, P.R. China
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
- E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Faraz
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202 002, India
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Yang T, Lian Y, Wang C. Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246270. [PMID: 31842355 PMCID: PMC6941112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongying Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-8914155; Fax: +86-0931-8914155
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15
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Omoarelojie LO, Kulkarni MG, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Strigolactones and their crosstalk with other phytohormones. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:749-767. [PMID: 31190074 PMCID: PMC6868373 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are a diverse class of butenolide-bearing phytohormones derived from the catabolism of carotenoids. They are associated with an increasing number of emerging regulatory roles in plant growth and development, including seed germination, root and shoot architecture patterning, nutrient acquisition, symbiotic and parasitic interactions, as well as mediation of plant responses to abiotic and biotic cues. SCOPE Here, we provide a concise overview of SL biosynthesis, signal transduction pathways and SL-mediated plant responses with a detailed discourse on the crosstalk(s) that exist between SLs/components of SL signalling and other phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates and salicylic acid. CONCLUSION SLs elicit their control on physiological and morphological processes via a direct or indirect influence on the activities of other hormones and/or integrants of signalling cascades of other growth regulators. These, among many others, include modulation of hormone content, transport and distribution within plant tissues, interference with or complete dependence on downstream signal components of other phytohormones, as well as acting synergistically or antagonistically with other hormones to elicit plant responses. Although much has been done to evince the effects of SL interactions with other hormones at the cell and whole plant levels, research attention must be channelled towards elucidating the precise molecular events that underlie these processes. More especially in the case of abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellin, jasmonates and salicylic acid for which very little has been reported about their hormonal crosstalk with SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Omoarelojie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - M G Kulkarni
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - J F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
- For correspondence. E-mail:
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16
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Heo S, Chung YS. Validation of MADS-box genes from apple fruit pedicels during early fruit abscission by transcriptome analysis and real-time PCR. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1241-1251. [PMID: 31350732 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission in an isolated region called abscission zone (AZ) is regulated by several genes including JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX and SEPALLATA, MADS-box genes, in tomato. OBJECTIVE The surviving central pedicels and the abscised lateral pedicels were examined in fruit clusters in order to investigate apple MADS-box genes from fruit pedicels of self-abscising apple 'Saika' during early fruit abscission. METHODS After performing RNA-Seq, transcription profiling was conducted on the MADS-box genes from apple central and lateral pedicels. The JOINTLESS homolog of apple (MdJOINTLESS) was amplified using degenerate primers annealing to a highly conserved domain based on the orthologous genes of various crops, including JOINTLESS gene of tomato. The expression pattern of MdJOINTLESS was investigated in central and lateral pedicles by real-time PCR. RESULTS Some homologs were found which similar to JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX and SEPALLATA of tomato MADS-box genes from transcriptome analysis and RACE. Using phylogenetic analyses with the MADS-box gene family, MdJOINTLESS was classified into the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) clade that included Arabidopsis and other crops. The expression level of MdJOINTLESS in central pedicel was more than twice as high as that of lateral pedicel. CONCLUSION In the current study, we could find apple homologs of JOINTLESS, MACROCALYX, SEPALLATA, which were known to regulate pedicel AZ development in tomato. Furthermore, MdJOINTLESS might contribute to auxin gradation, influencing hierarchical ranking of auxin transport between fruit pedicels of self-abscising apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Heo
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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17
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Liu L, Xie T, Peng P, Qiu H, Zhao J, Fang J, Patil SB, Wang Y, Fang S, Chu J, Yuan S, Zhang W, Li X. Mutations in the MIT3 gene encoding a caroteniod isomerase lead to increased tiller number in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:1-10. [PMID: 29362087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids not only play important roles in light harvesting and photoprotection against excess light, but also serve as precursors for apocaroteniod hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs). Although light- and ABA-associated phenotypes of the carotenoid biosynthesis mutants such as albino, leaf variegation and preharvest sprouting have been studied extensively, the SLs-related branching phenotype is rarely explored. Here we characterized four allelic rice mutants named mit3, which exhibited moderately increased tiller number, semi-dwarfism and leaf variegation. Map-based cloning revealed that MIT3 encodes a carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion from prolycopene to all-trans-lycopene in carotenoid biosynthesis. Prolycopene was accumulated while all-trans-lycopene was barely detectable in the dark-grown mit3 seedlings. Accordingly, content of lutein and β-carotene, the two most abundant carotenoids, was significantly reduced. Furthermore, content of epi-5DS, a native SL, was significantly reduced in mit3. Exogenously applied GR24, a synthetic SL, could rescue the tillering phenotype of mit3. Double mutant analysis of mit3 with the SLs biosynthesis mutant d17 revealed that MIT3 controls tiller development upstream of the SLs biosynthesis pathway. Our results reveal that the tillering phenotype of mit3 is due to SL deficiency and directly link carotenoid deficiency with SL-regulated rice tillering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Peng Peng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Qiu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Suyash Bhimgonda Patil
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China,.
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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Zhao Q, Li M, Jia Z, Liu F, Ma H, Huang Y, Song S. AtMYB44 Positively Regulates the Enhanced Elongation of Primary Roots Induced by N-3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-Homoserine Lactone in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:774-785. [PMID: 27604593 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-16-0063-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) are the quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecules used by many gram-negative bacteria to coordinate their collective behavior in a population. Recent evidence demonstrates their roles in plant root growth and defense responses. AtMYB44 is a multifaceted transcriptional factor that functions in many physiological processes in plants but whether AtMYB44 modulates the plant response to AHL with aspects of primary root elongation remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of AtMYB44 was upregulated upon treatment with N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL). The stimulatory effect of 3OC6-HSL on primary root elongation was abolished in the AtMYB44 functional-deficiency mutant atmby44. In contrast, an enhanced promoting-impact of 3OC6-HSL on primary root growth was observed in AtMYB44-overexpressing plant MYB44OTA. Cellular analysis indicated that the prolonged primary root elicited by 3OC6-HSL is the consequence of increased cell division in the meristem zone and enhanced cell elongation in the elongation zone, and AtMYB44 may act as a positive regulator in this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AtMYB44 might participate in the 3OC6-HSL-mediated primary root growth via regulating the expression of cytokinin- and auxin-related genes. The data establish a genetic connection between the regulatory role of AtMYB44 in phytohormones-related gene expression and plant response to the bacterial QS signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
- 2 Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, 46th South Street of Friendship, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Man Li
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
- 2 Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, 46th South Street of Friendship, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Fang Liu
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
- 2 Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, 46th South Street of Friendship, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hong Ma
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
- 2 Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, 46th South Street of Friendship, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yali Huang
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
- 2 Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, 46th South Street of Friendship, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Shuishan Song
- 1 Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences; and
- 2 Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, 46th South Street of Friendship, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
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Lace B, Prandi C. Shaping Small Bioactive Molecules to Untangle Their Biological Function: A Focus on Fluorescent Plant Hormones. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1099-1118. [PMID: 27378726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern biology overlaps with chemistry in explaining the structure and function of all cellular processes at the molecular level. Plant hormone research is perfectly located at the interface between these two disciplines, taking advantage of synthetic and computational chemistry as a tool to decipher the complex biological mechanisms regulating the action of plant hormones. These small signaling molecules regulate a wide range of developmental processes, adapting plant growth to ever changing environmental conditions. The synthesis of small bioactive molecules mimicking the activity of endogenous hormones allows us to unveil many molecular features of their functioning, giving rise to a new field, plant chemical biology. In this framework, fluorescence labeling of plant hormones is emerging as a successful strategy to track the fate of these challenging molecules inside living organisms. Thanks to the increasing availability of new fluorescent probes as well as advanced and innovative imaging technologies, we are now in a position to investigate many of the dynamic mechanisms through which plant hormones exert their action. Such a deep and detailed comprehension is mandatory for the development of new green technologies for practical applications. In this review, we summarize the results obtained so far concerning the fluorescent labeling of plant hormones, highlighting the basic steps leading to the design and synthesis of these compelling molecular tools and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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21
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Madmon O, Mazuz M, Kumari P, Dam A, Ion A, Mayzlish-Gati E, Belausov E, Wininger S, Abu-Abied M, McErlean CSP, Bromhead LJ, Perl-Treves R, Prandi C, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Expression of MAX2 under SCARECROW promoter enhances the strigolactone/MAX2 dependent response of Arabidopsis roots to low-phosphate conditions. PLANTA 2016; 243:1419-1427. [PMID: 26919985 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MAX2/strigolactone signaling in the endodermis and/or quiescent center of the root is partially sufficient to exert changes in F-actin density and cellular trafficking in the root epidermis, and alter gene expression during plant response to low Pi conditions. Strigolactones (SLs) are a new group of plant hormones that regulate different developmental processes in the plant via MAX2, an F-box protein that interacts with their receptor. SLs and MAX2 are necessary for the marked increase in root-hair (RH) density in seedlings under conditions of phosphate (Pi) deprivation. This marked elevation was associated with an active reduction in actin-filament density and endosomal movement in root epidermal cells. Also, expression of MAX2 under the SCARECROW (SCR) promoter was sufficient to confer SL sensitivity in roots, suggesting that SL signaling pathways act through a root-specific, yet non-cell-autonomous regulatory mode of action. Here we show evidence for a non-cell autonomous signaling of SL/MAX2, originating from the root endodermis, and necessary for seedling response to conditions of Pi deprivation. SCR-derived expression of MAX2 in max2-1 mutant background promoted the root low Pi response, whereas supplementation of the synthetic SL GR24 to these SCR:MAX2 expressing lines further enhanced this response. Moreover, the SCR:MAX2 expression led to changes in actin density and endosome movement in epidermal cells and in TIR1 and PHO2 gene expression. These results demonstrate that MAX2 signaling in the endodermis and/or quiescent center is partially sufficient to exert changes in F-actin density and cellular trafficking in the epidermis, and alter gene expression under low Pi conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Madmon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Moran Mazuz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Puja Kumari
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Anandamoy Dam
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Aurel Ion
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Einav Mayzlish-Gati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Smadar Wininger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Liam J Bromhead
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rafael Perl-Treves
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Turin University, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Matthys C, Walton A, Struk S, Stes E, Boyer FD, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Whats, the Wheres and the Hows of strigolactone action in the roots. PLANTA 2016; 243:1327-37. [PMID: 26895337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones control various aspects of plant development, including root architecture. Here, we review how strigolactones act in the root and survey the strigolactone specificity of signaling components that affect root development. Strigolactones are a group of secondary metabolites produced in plants that have been assigned multiple roles, of which the most recent is hormonal activity. Over the last decade, these compounds have been shown to regulate various aspects of plant development, such as shoot branching and leaf senescence, but a growing body of literature suggests that these hormones play an equally important role in the root. In this review, we present all known root phenotypes linked to strigolactones. We examine the expression and presence of the main players in biosynthesis and signaling of these hormones and bring together the available information that allows us to explain how strigolactones act to modulate the root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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23
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Pan X, Zheng H, Zhao J, Xu Y, Li X. ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase mediating shoot branching. PLANTA 2016; 243:1407-18. [PMID: 26895334 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase that may mediate strigolactone biosynthesis highly responsive to phosphorus deficiency and undergoes negative selection over domestication from Zea ssp. parviglumis to Zea mays. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) functions to suppress shoot branching by controlling strigolactone biosynthesis. However, little is known about CCD7 and its functions in maize and its ancestor (Zea ssp. parviglumis) with numerous shoot branches. We found that ZmCCD7 and ZpCCD7 had the same coding sequence, indicating negative selection of the CCD7 gene over domestication from Zea ssp. parviglumis to Zea mays. CCD7 expression was highly responsive to phosphorus deficiency in both species, especially in the meristematic zone and the pericycle of the elongation zone of maize roots. Notably, the crown root had the strongest ZmCCD7 expression in the meristematic zone under phosphorus limitation. Transient expression of GFP tagged ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 in maize protoplasts indicated their localization in the plastid. Further, ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 efficiently catalyzed metabolism of six different linear and cyclic carotenoids in E. coli, and generated β-ionone by cleaving β-carotene at the 9,10 (9',10') position. Together with suppression of shoot branching in the max3 mutant by transformation of ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7, our work suggested that ZmCCD7/ZpCCD7 encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase mediating strigolactone biosynthesis in maize and its ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Pan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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24
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Turgeman T, Lubinsky O, Roth-Bejerano N, Kagan-Zur V, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H, Zaady E, Ben-Shabat S, Guy O, Lewinsohn E, Sitrit Y. The role of pre-symbiotic auxin signaling in ectendomycorrhiza formation between the desert truffle Terfezia boudieri and Helianthemum sessiliflorum. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:287-297. [PMID: 26563200 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ectendomycorrhizal fungus Terfezia boudieri is known to secrete auxin. While some of the effects of fungal auxin on the plant root system have been described, a comprehensive understanding is still lacking. A dual culture system to study pre mycorrhizal signal exchange revealed previously unrecognized root-fungus interaction mediated by the fungal auxin. The secreted fungal auxin induced negative taproot gravitropism, attenuated taproot growth rate, and inhibited initial host development. Auxin also induced expression of Arabidopsis carriers AUX1 and PIN1, both of which are involved in the gravitropic response. Exogenous application of auxin led to a root phenotype, which fully mimicked that induced by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Co-cultivation of Arabidopsis auxin receptor mutants tir1-1, tir1-1 afb2-3, tir1-1 afb1-3 afb2-3, and tir1-1 afb2-3 afb3-4 with Terfezia confirmed that auxin induces the observed root phenotype. The finding that auxin both induces taproot deviation from the gravity axis and coordinates growth rate is new. We propose a model in which the fungal auxin induces horizontal root development, as well as the coordination of growth rates between partners, along with the known auxin effect on lateral root induction that increases the availability of accessible sites for colonization at the soil plane of fungal spore abundance. Thus, the newly observed responses described here of the root to Terfezia contribute to a successful encounter between symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tidhar Turgeman
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Olga Lubinsky
- Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nurit Roth-Bejerano
- Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Kagan-Zur
- Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Eli Zaady
- Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, 85280, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofer Guy
- Desert Agro-Research Center, Ramat-Negev R & D, D.N, 85515, Halutza, Israel
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Yaár Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Yaron Sitrit
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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25
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Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Fine-tuning by strigolactones of root response to low phosphate. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:203-12. [PMID: 26667884 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that regulate the development of different plant parts. In the shoot, they regulate axillary bud outgrowth and in the root, root architecture and root-hair length and density. Strigolactones are also involved with communication in the rhizosphere, including enhancement of hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here we present the role and activity of strigolactones under conditions of phosphate deprivation. Under these conditions, their levels of biosynthesis and exudation increase, leading to changes in shoot and root development. At least for the latter, these changes are likely to be associated with alterations in auxin transport and sensitivity. On the other hand, strigolactones may positively affect plant-mycorrhiza interactions and thereby promote phosphate acquisition by the plant. Strigolactones may be a way for plants to fine-tune their growth pattern under phosphate deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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26
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Manoli A, Trevisan S, Voigt B, Yokawa K, Baluška F, Quaggiotti S. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Maize Root Apex Responses to Nitrate are Regulated by Auxin and Strigolactones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1269. [PMID: 26834770 PMCID: PMC4722128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 (-)) is a key element for crop production but its levels in agricultural soils are limited. Plants have developed mechanisms to cope with these NO3 (-) fluctuations based on sensing nitrate at the root apex. Particularly, the transition zone (TZ) of root apex has been suggested as a signaling-response zone. This study dissects cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NO3 (-) resupply effects on primary root (PR) growth in maize, confirming nitric oxide (NO) as a putative modulator. Nitrate restoration induced PR elongation within the first 2 h, corresponding to a stimulation of cell elongation at the basal border of the TZ. Xyloglucans (XGs) immunolocalization together with Brefeldin A applications demonstrated that nitrate resupply induces XG accumulation. This effect was blocked by cPTIO (NO scavenger). Transcriptional analysis of ZmXET1 confirmed the stimulatory effect of nitrate on XGs accumulation in cells of the TZ. Immunolocalization analyses revealed a positive effect of nitrate resupply on auxin and PIN1 accumulation, but a transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis/transport/signaling genes was excluded. Short-term nitrate treatment repressed the transcription of genes involved in strigolactones (SLs) biosynthesis and transport, mainly in the TZ. Enhancement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) transcription in presence of cPTIO indicated endogenous NO as a negative modulator of CCDs activity. Finally, treatment with the SLs-biosynthesis inhibitor (TIS108) restored the root growth in the nitrate-starved seedlings. Present report suggests that the NO-mediated root apex responses to nitrate are accomplished in cells of the TZ via integrative actions of auxin, NO and SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
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27
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Jiang L, Matthys C, Marquez-Garcia B, De Cuyper C, Smet L, De Keyser A, Boyer FD, Beeckman T, Depuydt S, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones spatially influence lateral root development through the cytokinin signaling network. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:379-89. [PMID: 26519957 PMCID: PMC4682444 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are important rhizosphere signals that act as phytohormones and have multiple functions, including modulation of lateral root (LR) development. Here, we show that treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24 did not affect LR initiation, but negatively influenced LR priming and emergence, the latter especially near the root-shoot junction. The cytokinin module ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE3 (AHK3)/ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1)/ARR12 was found to interact with the GR24-dependent reduction in LR development, because mutants in this pathway rendered LR development insensitive to GR24. Additionally, pharmacological analyses, mutant analyses, and gene expression analyses indicated that the affected polar auxin transport stream in mutants of the AHK3/ARR1/ARR12 module could be the underlying cause. Altogether, the data reveal that the GR24 effect on LR development depends on the hormonal landscape that results from the intimate connection with auxins and cytokinins, two main players in LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Belen Marquez-Garcia
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lien Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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28
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Makhzoum A, Yousefzadi M, Malik S, Gantet P, Tremouillaux-Guiller J. Strigolactone biology: genes, functional genomics, epigenetics and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:151-162. [PMID: 26669271 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional role in plant and rhizosphere interactions. These compounds stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. In addition, they are involved in the control of plant architecture by inhibiting bud outgrowth as well as many other morphological and developmental processes together with other plant hormones such as auxins and cytokinins. The biosynthetic pathway of SLs that are derived from carotenoids was partially decrypted based on the identification of mutants from a variety of plant species. Only a few SL biosynthetic and regulated genes and related regulatory transcription factors have been identified. However, functional genomics and epigenetic studies started to give first elements on the modality of the regulation of SLs related genes. Since they control plant architecture and plant-rhizosphere interaction, SLs start to be used for agronomical and biotechnological applications. Furthermore, the genes involved in the SL biosynthetic pathway and genes regulated by SL constitute interesting targets for plant breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to decipher and better understand the genetic determinants of their regulation at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Makhzoum
- a Department of Biology , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Morteza Yousefzadi
- b Department of Marine Biology , Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Hormozgan University , Bandar Abbas , Iran
| | - Sonia Malik
- c Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão , São Luís, MA , Brazil
| | - Pascal Gantet
- d Faculté des Sciences , Université de Montpellier , UMR DIADE , Montpellier , France , and
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29
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Koltai H. Cellular events of strigolactone signalling and their crosstalk with auxin in roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4855-61. [PMID: 25900617 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a new group of plant hormones that suppress shoot branching. In roots, they regulate primary-root growth and lateral-root formation and increase root-hair elongation. Reception of strigolactones occurs via a specific cellular system which includes a D14-like/MAX2-like/SCF complex that, upon perception of strigolactone signalling, leads to certain degradation of receptors and to the release of downstream targets. This signalling pathway may eventually result in changes in actin-filament bundling, cellular trafficking, and PIN localization in the plasma membrane. As a result, auxin flux may be regulated in the shoot or root. Strigolactones are also involved with the response to phosphate conditions in roots, acting by both dampening auxin transport via depletion of PIN2 from the plasma membrane and inducing TIR1 transcription to increase auxin perception. In these instances and, possibly, others, strigolactones manipulate the auxin pathway, affecting its transport, perception or both. However, other mechanisms for strigolactone-regulated plant development and the involvement of other plant hormones are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
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30
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Kumar M, Pandya-Kumar N, Dam A, Haor H, Mayzlish-Gati E, Belausov E, Wininger S, Abu-Abied M, McErlean CSP, Bromhead LJ, Prandi C, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Arabidopsis response to low-phosphate conditions includes active changes in actin filaments and PIN2 polarization and is dependent on strigolactone signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1499-510. [PMID: 25609825 PMCID: PMC4339606 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate the plant response to phosphate (Pi) growth conditions. At least part of SL-signalling execution in roots involves MAX2-dependent effects on PIN2 polar localization in the plasma membrane (PM) and actin bundling and dynamics. We examined PIN2 expression, PIN2 PM localization, endosome trafficking, and actin bundling under low-Pi conditions: a MAX2-dependent reduction in PIN2 trafficking and polarization in the PM, reduced endosome trafficking, and increased actin-filament bundling were detected in root cells. The intracellular protein trafficking that is related to PIN proteins but unassociated with AUX1 PM localization was selectively inhibited. Exogenous supplementation of the synthetic SL GR24 to a SL-deficient mutant (max4) led to depletion of PIN2 from the PM under low-Pi conditions. Accordingly, roots of mutants in MAX2, MAX4, PIN2, TIR3, and ACTIN2 showed a reduced low-Pi response compared with the wild type, which could be restored by auxin (for all mutants) or GR24 (for all mutants except max2-1). Changes in PIN2 polarity, actin bundling, and vesicle trafficking may be involved in the response to low Pi in roots, dependent on SL/MAX2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Nirali Pandya-Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Anandamoy Dam
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hila Haor
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Einav Mayzlish-Gati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Smadar Wininger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Liam J Bromhead
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Turin University, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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31
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Malekpoor Mansoorkhani F, Seymour G, Swarup R, Moeiniyan Bagheri H, Ramsey R, Thompson A. Environmental, developmental, and genetic factors controlling root system architecture. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2015; 30:95-112. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2014.995912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pacifici E, Polverari L, Sabatini S. Plant hormone cross-talk: the pivot of root growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1113-21. [PMID: 25628331 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root indeterminate growth and its outstanding ability to produce new tissues continuously make this organ a highly dynamic structure able to respond promptly to external environmental stimuli. Developmental processes therefore need to be finely tuned, and hormonal cross-talk plays a pivotal role in the regulation of root growth. In contrast to what happens in animals, plant development is a post-embryonic process. A pool of stem cells, placed in a niche at the apex of the meristem, is a source of self-renewing cells that provides cells for tissue formation. During the first days post-germination, the meristem reaches its final size as a result of a balance between cell division and cell differentiation. A complex network of interactions between hormonal pathways co-ordinates such developmental inputs. In recent years, by means of molecular and computational approaches, many efforts have been made aiming to define the molecular components of these networks. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of hormone cross-talk during root meristem size determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pacifici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Polverari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kumar M, Pandya-Kumar N, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Strigolactone signaling in root development and phosphate starvation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1045174. [PMID: 26251884 PMCID: PMC4622057 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1045174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), have recently been recognized as phytohormone involve in orchestrating shoot and root architecture. In, roots SLs positively regulate root hair length and density, suppress lateral root formation and promote primary root meristem cell number. The biosynthesis and exudation of SLs increases under low phosphate level to regulate root responses. This hormonal response suggests an adaptation strategy of plant to optimize growth and development under nutrient limitations. However, little is known on signal-transduction pathways associated with SL activities. In this review, we outline the current knowledge on SL biology by describing their role in the regulation of root development. Also, we discuss the recent findings on the non-cell autonomous signaling of SLs, that involve PIN polarization, vesicle trafficking, changes in actin architecture and dynamic in response to phosphate starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
- Current address: Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3); University of Technology Sydney (UTS); Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to: Manoj Kumar;
| | - Nirali Pandya-Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
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Bennett T, Leyser O. Strigolactone signalling: standing on the shoulders of DWARFs. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:7-13. [PMID: 25179782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are an ancient and major class of endogenous plant growth regulators. Although only recently identified, rapid progress has been made in understanding strigolactone biology, including the identification of a signalling pathway involving DWARF14 α/β-fold proteins, the SCF(MAX2) ubiquitin ligase and SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family of chaperonin-like proteins. Several rapid effects of strigolactone signalling have also been identified, including endocytosis of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) auxin efflux carrier and transcript accumulation of the BRANCHED1 (BRC1) transcription factor. Here we assess our current knowledge of strigolactone signalling, and discuss how increased understanding of the cell biology of the system can help to resolve some of the current uncertainties in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bennett
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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Koltai H. Receptors, repressors, PINs: a playground for strigolactone signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:727-33. [PMID: 25037847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, previously identified as active stimuli of seed germination in parasitic plants, are now recognized as a new group of plant hormones that are active in both shoots and roots. Here, we review recent insights into the concepts of strigolactones-signal transduction and their mode of action. Although strigolactones are sensed via a cell-specific reception system, at least some aspects of their activity are conducted in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Strigolactones also affect trafficking and plasma-membrane localization of the auxin transporter PIN, thereby regulating auxin flux. We present a model for strigolactone-signal transduction that might also explain the integration of strigolactones into other hormone-signaling pathways via the regulation of PIN auxin transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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36
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Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Strigolactone involvement in root development, response to abiotic stress, and interactions with the biotic soil environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:560-9. [PMID: 25037210 PMCID: PMC4213088 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, recently discovered as plant hormones, regulate the development of different plant parts. In the root, they regulate root architecture and affect root hair length and density. Their biosynthesis and exudation increase under low phosphate levels, and they are associated with root responses to these conditions. Their signaling pathway in the plant includes protein interactions and ubiquitin-dependent repressor degradation. In the root, they lead to changes in actin architecture and dynamics as well as localization of the PIN-FORMED auxin transporter in the plasma membrane. Strigolactones are also involved with communication in the rhizosphere. They are necessary for germination of parasitic plant seeds, they enhance hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Glomus and Gigaspora spp., and they promote rhizobial symbiosis. This review focuses on the role played by strigolactones in root development, their response to nutrient deficiency, and their involvement with plant interactions in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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37
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Koltai H. Implications of non-specific strigolactone signaling in the rhizosphere. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 225:9-14. [PMID: 25017154 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones produced by various plant species are involved in the development of different plant parts. They are also exuded by plant roots to the rhizosphere, where they are involved in the induction of seed germination of the parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche, hyphal branching of the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and the symbiotic interaction with Rhizobium. In the present discussion paper, the essentialness of strigolactones as communication signals in these plant interactions is discussed in view of the existence of other plant-derived substances that are able to promote these plant interactions. In addition, the importance of strigolactones for determination of interaction specificity is discussed based on current knowledge on strigolactone composition, perception and delivery. The different activities of strigolactones in plant development and in the rhizosphere suggest their possible use in agriculture. However, despite efforts made in this direction, there is no current, practical implementation. Possible reasons for the encountered difficulties and suggested solutions to promote strigolactone use in agriculture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Pandya-Kumar N, Shema R, Kumar M, Mayzlish-Gati E, Levy D, Zemach H, Belausov E, Wininger S, Abu-Abied M, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Strigolactone analog GR24 triggers changes in PIN2 polarity, vesicle trafficking and actin filament architecture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1184-1196. [PMID: 24571327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate shoot and root development in a MAX2-dependent manner. The mechanism underlying SLs' effects on roots is unclear. We used root hair elongation to measure root response to SLs. We examined the effects of GR24 (a synthetic, biologically active SL analog) on localization of the auxin efflux transporter PIN2, endosomal trafficking, and F-actin architecture and dynamics in the plasma membrane (PM) of epidermal cells of the primary root elongation zone in wildtype (WT) Arabidopsis and the SL-insensitive mutant max2. We also recorded the response to GR24 of trafficking (tir3), actin (der1) and PIN2 (eir1) mutants. GR24 increased polar localization of PIN2 in the PM of epidermal cells and accumulation of PIN2-containing brefeldin A (BFA) bodies, increased ARA7-labeled endosomal trafficking, reduced F-actin bundling and enhanced actin dynamics, all in a MAX2-dependent manner. Most of the der1 and tir3 mutant lines also displayed reduced sensitivity to GR24 with respect to root hair elongation. We suggest that SLs increase PIN2 polar localization, PIN2 endocytosis, endosomal trafficking, actin debundling and actin dynamics in a MAX2-dependent fashion. This enhancement might underlie the WT root's response to SLs, and suggests noncell autonomous activity of SLs in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Pandya-Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Rony Shema
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Einav Mayzlish-Gati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Danny Levy
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Smadar Wininger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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39
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Kong X, Zhang M, Ding Z. D53: the missing link in strigolactone signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:761-763. [PMID: 24569131 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
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40
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41
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Dinneny JR. A gateway with a guard: how the endodermis regulates growth through hormone signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 214:14-9. [PMID: 24268159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The endodermis is a defining feature of plant roots and is most widely studied as a differentially permeable barrier limiting solute uptake from the soil into the vascular stream. Recent work has revealed that this inner cell layer is also an important signaling center for hormone-mediated control of growth. Auxin, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and strigalactones all appear to depend on the endodermis to regulate root biology and point to this cell type as having important inter-cell layer regulatory activity, as well. In this review I discuss recent work detailing the importance of the endodermis in growth control and how this function is affected during responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Dinneny
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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42
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Gibbs DJ, Coates JC. AtMYB93 is an endodermis-specific transcriptional regulator of lateral root development in arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e970406. [PMID: 25482809 PMCID: PMC4622915 DOI: 10.4161/15592316.2014.970406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems are critical for survival, acting as the primary interface for nutrient and water acquisition, as well as anchoring the plant to the ground. As plants grow, their root systems become more elaborate, which is largely mediated by the formation of root branches, or lateral roots. Lateral roots initiate deep within the root in the pericycle cell layer, and their development is controlled by a wide range of internal signaling factors and environmental cues, as well as mechanical feedback from the surrounding cells. The endodermal cell layer, which overlies the pericycle, has emerged as an important tissue regulating LR initiation and formation. We recently identified the AtMYB93 transcription factor as a negative regulator of lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, AtMYB93 expression is highly restricted to the few endodermal cells overlying developing lateral root primordia, suggesting that this transcriptional regulator might play a key role in mediating the effect of the endodermis on lateral root development. Here we discuss our recent findings in the wider context of root system development - with a particular focus on the role of the endodermis - and propose several potential models to explain AtMYB93 function during lateral root organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gibbs
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston, UK
| | - Juliet C Coates
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston, UK
- Correspondence to: Juliet C Coates;
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43
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Rasmussen A, Depuydt S, Goormachtig S, Geelen D. Strigolactones fine-tune the root system. PLANTA 2013; 238:615-26. [PMID: 23801297 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones were originally discovered to be involved in parasitic weed germination, in mycorrhizal association and in the control of shoot architecture. Despite their clear role in rhizosphere signaling, comparatively less attention has been given to the belowground function of strigolactones on plant development. However, research has revealed that strigolactones play a key role in the regulation of the root system including adventitious roots, primary root length, lateral roots, root hairs and nodulation. Here, we review the recent progress regarding strigolactone regulation of the root system and the antagonism and interplay with other hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rasmussen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Koltai H, Kapulnik Y. Unveiling signaling events in root responses to strigolactone. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:589-591. [PMID: 23543437 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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45
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Cheng X, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H. The interaction between strigolactones and other plant hormones in the regulation of plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:199. [PMID: 23785379 PMCID: PMC3683633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are small molecules derived from various metabolic pathways and are important regulators of plant development. The most recently discovered phytohormone class comprises the carotenoid-derived strigolactones (SLs). For a long time these compounds were only known to be secreted into the rhizosphere where they act as signaling compounds, but now we know they are also active as endogenous plant hormones and they have been in the spotlight ever since. The initial discovery that SLs are involved in the inhibition of axillary bud outgrowth, initiated a multitude of other studies showing that SLs also play a role in defining root architecture, secondary growth, hypocotyl elongation, and seed germination, mostly in interaction with other hormones. Their coordinated action enables the plant to respond in an appropriate manner to environmental factors such as temperature, shading, day length, and nutrient availability. Here, we will review the current knowledge on the crosstalk between SLs and other plant hormones-such as auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and gibberellins (GA)-during different physiological processes. We will furthermore take a bird's eye view of how this hormonal crosstalk enables plants to respond to their ever changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harro Bouwmeester
- *Correspondence: Harro Bouwmeester, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands e-mail:
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