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Mishra P, Roggen A, Ljung K, Albani MC, Vayssières A. Adventitious rooting in response to long-term cold: a possible mechanism of clonal growth in alpine perennials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352830. [PMID: 38693930 PMCID: PMC11062184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Arctic alpine species experience extended periods of cold and unpredictable conditions during flowering. Thus, often, alpine plants use both sexual and asexual means of reproduction to maximize fitness and ensure reproductive success. We used the arctic alpine perennial Arabis alpina to explore the role of prolonged cold exposure on adventitious rooting. We exposed plants to 4°C for different durations and scored the presence of adventitious roots on the main stem and axillary branches. Our physiological studies demonstrated the presence of adventitious roots after 21 weeks at 4°C saturating the effect of cold on this process. Notably, adventitious roots on the main stem developing in specific internodes allowed us to identify the gene regulatory network involved in the formation of adventitious roots in cold using transcriptomics. These data and histological studies indicated that adventitious roots in A. alpina stems initiate during cold exposure and emerge after plants experience growth promoting conditions. While the initiation of adventitious root was not associated with changes of DR5 auxin response and free endogenous auxin level in the stems, the emergence of the adventitious root primordia was. Using the transcriptomic data, we discerned the sequential hormone responses occurring in various stages of adventitious root formation and identified supplementary pathways putatively involved in adventitious root emergence, such as glucosinolate metabolism. Together, our results highlight the role of low temperature during clonal growth in alpine plants and provide insights on the molecular mechanisms involved at distinct stages of adventitious rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mishra
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, “SMART Plants for Tomorrow’s Needs,” Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Adrian Roggen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, “SMART Plants for Tomorrow’s Needs,” Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria C. Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, “SMART Plants for Tomorrow’s Needs,” Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Rijk Zwaan, De Lier, Netherlands
| | - Alice Vayssières
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, “SMART Plants for Tomorrow’s Needs,” Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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2
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Wunder J, Fulgione A, Toräng P, Wötzel S, Herzog M, Obeso JR, Kourmpetis Y, van Ham R, Odong T, Bink M, Kemi U, Ågren J, Coupland G. Adaptation of perennial flowering phenology across the European range of Arabis alpina. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231401. [PMID: 37989245 PMCID: PMC10688268 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering phenology is important in the adaptation of many plants to their local environment, but its adaptive value has not been extensively studied in herbaceous perennials. We used Arabis alpina as a model system to determine the importance of flowering phenology to fitness of a herbaceous perennial with a wide geographical range. Individual plants representative of local genetic diversity (accessions) were collected across Europe, including in Spain, the Alps and Scandinavia. The flowering behaviour of these accessions was documented in controlled conditions, in common-garden experiments at native sites and in situ in natural populations. Accessions from the Alps and Scandinavia varied in whether they required exposure to cold (vernalization) to induce flowering, and in the timing and duration of flowering. By contrast, all Spanish accessions obligately required vernalization and had a short duration of flowering. Using experimental gardens at native sites, we show that an obligate requirement for vernalization increases survival in Spain. Based on our analyses of genetic diversity and flowering behaviour across Europe, we propose that in the model herbaceous perennial A. alpina, an obligate requirement for vernalization, which is correlated with short duration of flowering, is favoured by selection in Spain where the plants experience a long growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wunder
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Fulgione
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Per Toräng
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Wötzel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michel Herzog
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - José Ramón Obeso
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Universidad de Oviedo, Campus de Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Yiannis Kourmpetis
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland van Ham
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- KeyGene, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Odong
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Bink
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Kemi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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3
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Rushing NS, Flint SA, Shaw RG. Latitude of seed source impacts flowering phenology and fitness in translocated plant populations. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Rushing
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Shelby A. Flint
- Department of Biology Southwest Minnesota State University Marshall MN 56258 U.S.A
| | - Ruth G. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
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4
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Wötzel S, Andrello M, Albani MC, Koch MA, Coupland G, Gugerli F. Arabis alpina: A perennial model plant for ecological genomics and life-history evolution. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:468-486. [PMID: 34415668 PMCID: PMC9293087 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many model organisms were chosen and achieved prominence because of an advantageous combination of their life‐history characteristics, genetic properties and also practical considerations. Discoveries made in Arabidopsis thaliana, the most renowned noncrop plant model species, have markedly stimulated studies in other species with different biology. Within the family Brassicaceae, the arctic–alpine Arabis alpina has become a model complementary to Arabidopsis thaliana to study the evolution of life‐history traits, such as perenniality, and ecological genomics in harsh environments. In this review, we provide an overview of the properties that facilitated the rapid emergence of A. alpina as a plant model. We summarize the evolutionary history of A. alpina, including genomic aspects, the diversification of its mating system and demographic properties, and we discuss recent progress in the molecular dissection of developmental traits that are related to its perennial life history and environmental adaptation. From this published knowledge, we derive open questions that might inspire future research in A. alpina, other Brassicaceae species or more distantly related plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wötzel
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt and Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Marco Andrello
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council, CNR-IAS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Plant Development Biology, MPI for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Gugerli
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Angert AL, Bontrager MG, Ågren J. What Do We Really Know About Adaptation at Range Edges? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012120-091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent theory and empirical evidence have provided new insights regarding how evolutionary forces interact to shape adaptation at stable and transient range margins. Predictions regarding trait divergence at leading edges are frequently supported. However, declines in fitness at and beyond edges show that trait divergence has sometimes been insufficient to maintain high fitness, so identifying constraints to adaptation at range edges remains a key challenge. Indirect evidence suggests that range expansion may be limited by adaptive genetic variation, but direct estimates of genetic constraints at and beyond range edges are still scarce. Sequence data suggest increased genetic load in edge populations in several systems, but its causes and fitness consequences are usually poorly understood. The balance between maladaptive and positive effects of gene flow on fitness at range edges deserves further study. It is becoming increasingly clear that characterizations about degree of adaptation based solely on geographical peripherality are unsupported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megan G. Bontrager
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Rellstab C, Zoller S, Sailer C, Tedder A, Gugerli F, Shimizu KK, Holderegger R, Widmer A, Fischer MC. Genomic signatures of convergent adaptation to Alpine environments in three Brassicaceae species. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4350-4365. [PMID: 32969558 PMCID: PMC7756229 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It has long been discussed to what extent related species develop similar genetic mechanisms to adapt to similar environments. Most studies documenting such convergence have either used different lineages within species or surveyed only a limited portion of the genome. Here, we investigated whether similar or different sets of orthologous genes were involved in genetic adaptation of natural populations of three related plant species to similar environmental gradients in the Alps. We used whole-genome pooled population sequencing to study genome-wide SNP variation in 18 natural populations of three Brassicaceae (Arabis alpina, Arabidopsis halleri, and Cardamine resedifolia) from the Swiss Alps. We first de novo assembled draft reference genomes for all three species. We then ran population and landscape genomic analyses with ~3 million SNPs per species to look for shared genomic signatures of selection and adaptation in response to similar environmental gradients acting on these species. Genes with a signature of convergent adaptation were found at significantly higher numbers than expected by chance. The most closely related species pair showed the highest relative over-representation of shared adaptation signatures. Moreover, the identified genes of convergent adaptation were enriched for nonsynonymous mutations, suggesting functional relevance of these genes, even though many of the identified candidate genes have hitherto unknown or poorly described functions based on comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana. We conclude that adaptation to heterogeneous Alpine environments in related species is partly driven by convergent evolution, but that most of the genomic signatures of adaptation remain species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Zoller
- Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Sailer
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Tedder
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Chemistry & Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Widmer
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Hamel MJ, Spurgeon JJ, Steffensen KD, Pegg MA. Uncovering unique plasticity in life history of an endangered centenarian fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12866. [PMID: 32733007 PMCID: PMC7393173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to adapt to changing environments is fundamental for species persistence. Both plasticity and genetic selection are potential drivers that allow for traits to be advantageous, thus leading to increases in survival or fitness. Identifying phenotypic plasticity in life history traits of long-lived organisms can be difficult owing to high survival, long generation times, and few studies at sufficient spatial and temporal scales to elicit a plastic response within a population. To begin to understand phenotypic plasticity of a long-lived freshwater fish in response to environmental conditions, we used a long-term data set consisting of over 1,200 mark-recapture events to inform our understanding of dynamic rate functions and life history attributes. Furthermore, we used a common garden experimental approach to confirm whether changes in life history traits are in response to plasticity in the reaction norm or are genetically derived. Using these approaches, we demonstrated differences in life history traits among Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) occupying river segments of varying physical and hydrological stress. The common garden experiment corroborated plastic phenotypic expression in reaction norms for age at first maturity, longevity, fecundity, and maximum size. These growth-mediated attributes resulted in differences in overall fitness traits, where Pallid Sturgeon fecundity was greater than a tenfold difference and 3–6 times the number of life-time spawning events. Anthropogenic modifications to river form and function are likely responsible for the variation in life history attributes resulting from an increased metabolic demand for maintaining station, foraging, and migration. Collectively, our approach provided surprising insight into the capabilities of a centenarian fish to dramatically respond to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hamel
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Jonathan J Spurgeon
- School of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Human Sciences, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 N. University Dr., Pine Bluff, AR, 71601, USA
| | - Kirk D Steffensen
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 3300 Holdrege St., Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - Mark A Pegg
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
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8
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Kesselring H, Hamann E, Armbruster GFJ, Stöcklin J, Scheepens JF. Local adaptation is stronger between than within regions in alpine populations of Anthyllis vulneraria. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda F Delph
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
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10
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Rogivue A, Choudhury RR, Zoller S, Joost S, Felber F, Kasser M, Parisod C, Gugerli F. Genome-wide variation in nucleotides and retrotransposons in alpine populations of Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae). Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:773-787. [PMID: 30636378 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput sequencing have promoted the collection of reference genomes and genome-wide diversity. However, the assessment of genomic variation among populations has hitherto mainly been surveyed through single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and largely ignored the often major fraction of genomes represented by transposable elements (TEs). Despite accumulating evidence supporting the evolutionary significance of TEs, comprehensive surveys remain scarce. Here, we sequenced the full genomes of 304 individuals of Arabis alpina sampled from four nearby natural populations to genotype SNPs as well as polymorphic long terminal repeat retrotransposons (polymorphic TEs; i.e., presence/absence of TE insertions at specific loci). We identified 291,396 SNPs and 20,548 polymorphic TEs, comparing their contributions to genomic diversity and divergence across populations. Few SNPs were shared among populations and overall showed high population-specific variation, whereas most polymorphic TEs segregated among populations. The genomic context of these two classes of variants further highlighted candidate adaptive loci having a putative impact on functional genes. In particular, 4.96% of the SNPs were identified as nonsynonymous or affecting start/stop codons. In contrast, 43% of the polymorphic TEs were present next to Arabis genes enriched in functional categories related to the regulation of reproduction and responses to biotic as well as abiotic stresses. This unprecedented data set, mapping variation gained from SNPs and complementary polymorphic TEs within and among populations, will serve as a rich resource for addressing microevolutionary processes shaping genome variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Rogivue
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rimjhim R Choudhury
- University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zoller
- Genetic Diversity Centre, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Felber
- University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Musée et Jardins botaniques cantonaux, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Felix Gugerli
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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11
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Identification of Arabis alpina genomic regions associated with climatic variables along an elevation gradient through whole genome scan. Genomics 2019; 112:729-735. [PMID: 31085222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We performed a pooled whole-genome sequencing on samples of the alpine plant Arabis alpina, harvested in ten populations along an elevation gradient in the French Alps. A large dataset of genetic variations was produced as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A combined genome scan approach enabled detecting genomic regions associated with a synthetic environmental variable characterizing the climate at each sampling location. Positive loci detected by two methods were retained and belong to 19 regions in the Arabis alpina genome. The most significant region harbors an ortholog of the AtNAC062 gene, encoding a membrane-bound transcription factor described as linking the cold response and pathogen resistance that may confer protection to plants under extended snow coverage at high elevations. Other genes involved in the stress response or in flowering regulation were also detected. Altogether, our results indicated that Arabis alpina represent a suitable model for studying genomic adaptation in alpine perennial plants.
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12
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Leinonen PH, Helander M, Vázquez-de-Aldana BR, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Saikkonen K. Local adaptation in natural European host grass populations with asymmetric symbiosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215510. [PMID: 30995278 PMCID: PMC6469795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on microbiomes is revealing the wealth and importance of plant-microbe interactions. Microbial symbionts are proposed to have profound effects on fitness of their host plants and vice versa, especially when their fitness is tightly linked. Here we studied local adaptation of host plants and possible fitness contribution of such symbiosis in the context of abiotic environmental factors. We conducted a four-way multi-year reciprocal transplant experiment with natural populations of the perennial grass Festuca rubra s.l. from northern and southern Finland, Faroe Islands and Spain. We included F. rubra with and without transmitted symbiotic fungus Epichloë that is vertically transmitted via host seed. We found local adaptation across the European range, as evidenced by higher host fitness of the local geographic origin compared with nonlocals at three of the four studied sites, suggesting that selection pressures are driving evolution in different directions. Abiotic factors did not result in strong fitness effects related to Epichloë symbiosis, indicating that other factors such as herbivory are more likely to contribute to fitness differences between plants naturally occurring with or without Epichloë. Nevertheless, in the case of asymmetric symbiosis that is obligatory for the symbiont, abiotic conditions that affect performance of the host, may also cause selective pressure for the symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi H. Leinonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology and Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kari Saikkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Turku, Finland
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13
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Hughes PW, Soppe WJJ, Albani MC. Seed traits are pleiotropically regulated by the flowering time gene PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1) in the perennial Arabis alpina. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:1183-1201. [PMID: 30712274 PMCID: PMC6850658 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The life cycles of plants are characterized by two major life history transitions-germination and the initiation of flowering-the timing of which are important determinants of fitness. Unlike annuals, which make the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase only once, perennials iterate reproduction in successive years. The floral repressor PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), an ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS C, in the alpine perennial Arabis alpina ensures the continuation of vegetative growth after flowering and thereby restricts the duration of the flowering episode. We performed greenhouse and garden experiments to compare flowering phenology, fecundity and seed traits between A. alpina accessions that have a functional PEP1 allele and flower seasonally and pep1 mutants and accessions that carry lesions in PEP1 and flower perpetually. In the garden, perpetual genotypes flower asynchronously and show higher winter mortality than seasonal ones. PEP1 also pleiotropically regulates seed dormancy and longevity in a way that is functionally divergent from FLC. Seeds from perpetual genotypes have shallow dormancy and reduced longevity regardless of whether they after-ripened in plants grown in the greenhouse or in the experimental garden. These results suggest that perpetual genotypes have higher mortality during winter but compensate by showing higher seedling establishment. Differences in seed traits between seasonal and perpetual genotypes are also coupled with differences in hormone sensitivity and expression of genes involved in hormonal pathways. Our study highlights the existence of pleiotropic regulation of seed traits by hub developmental regulators such as PEP1, suggesting that seed and flowering traits in perennial plants might be optimized in a coordinated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick William Hughes
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
- Botanical InstituteUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Wim J. J. Soppe
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO)University of BonnBonnGermany
- Present address:
Rijk ZwaanDe LierThe Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Albani
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
- Botanical InstituteUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)DüsseldorfGermany
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14
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Balpinar N. The biological activities of Arabis alpina L. subsp. brevifolia (DC.) Cullen against food pathogens. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, in vitro biological activities of both methanol and ethanol extracts of Arabis alpina subsp. brevifolia were investigated. Also, the phenolic components of this plant was examined in this study. The extracts were tested against the eight strains of food pathogens for their antimicrobial activities by utilizing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were determined according to scavenging of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phenolic compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main component was ellagic acid for the methanol extract of stem-leaf, rutin for the ethanol extract of stem-leaf, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid for the methanol and ethanol extracts of fruit-flower. The ethanolic extracts of leaves revealed antibacterial activities against Salmonella Typhimurium (7 mm) while the ethanolic extracts of flowers demonstrated no activity against the test pathogens. The methanolic extracts of leaf-flower showed antibacterial activities against S. Typhimurium (7 mm). No activity was observed against C. albicans. The MIC value for four test bacteria was 13000 μg/mL. The ethanol extracts of A. alpina subsp. brevifolia exhibited the highest DPPH inhibition (76%). This study showed that A. alpina subsp. brevifolia possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Balpinar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur15030, Turkey
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15
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Bertel C, Rešetnik I, Frajman B, Erschbamer B, Hülber K, Schönswetter P. Natural selection drives parallel divergence in the mountain plant Heliosperma pusillum
s.l. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bertel
- Dept. of Botany; Univ. of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15; AT-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Božo Frajman
- Dept. of Botany; Univ. of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15; AT-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Brigitta Erschbamer
- Dept. of Botany; Univ. of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15; AT-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Karl Hülber
- Dept of Botany and Biodiversity Research; Univ. of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Schönswetter
- Dept. of Botany; Univ. of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15; AT-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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16
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Scheepens JF, Deng Y, Bossdorf O. Phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature fluctuations is genetically variable, and relates to climatic variability of origin, in Arabidopsis thaliana. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply043. [PMID: 30109013 PMCID: PMC6084592 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Under current climate change, increasing mean temperatures are not only causing hotter summers, but temperature variability is increasing as well. Phenotypic plasticity can help plants to overcome negative effects of temperature variability and allow them to rapidly adjust traits to adverse conditions. Moreover, genetic variation in such plasticity could provide potential for adaptive evolution in response to changing climate variability. Here, we conducted an experiment with 11 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes to investigate intraspecific variation in plant responses to two aspects of variable temperature stress: timing and frequency. We found that the timing but not frequency of temperature stress affected the phenology, growth, reproduction and allocation strategy of plants, and that genotypes differed substantially in their responses. Moreover, trait plasticity was positively related to precipitation variability of origin, suggesting an adaptive role of plasticity. Our results indicate that the developmental stage of a plant during heat stress is a key determinant of its response, and that plasticity to temperature variability is an evolving and possibly adaptive trait in natural populations of A. thaliana. More generally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of studying plant responses to climatic variability per se, given that climatic variability is predicted to increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ying Deng
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Hämälä T, Mattila TM, Savolainen O. Local adaptation and ecological differentiation under selection, migration, and drift in Arabidopsis lyrata. Evolution 2018; 72:1373-1386. [PMID: 29741234 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
How the balance between selection, migration, and drift influences the evolution of local adaptation has been under intense theoretical scrutiny. Yet, empirical studies that relate estimates of local adaptation to quantification of gene flow and effective population sizes have been rare. Here, we conducted a reciprocal transplant trial, a common garden trial, and a whole-genome-based demography analysis to examine these effects among Arabidopsis lyrata populations from two altitudinal gradients in Norway. Demography simulations indicated that populations within the two gradients are connected by gene flow (0.1 < 4Ne m < 11) and have small effective population sizes (Ne < 6000), suggesting that both migration and drift can counteract local selection. However, the three-year field experiments showed evidence of local adaptation at the level of hierarchical multiyear fitness, attesting to the strength of differential selection. In the lowland habitat, local superiority was associated with greater fecundity, while viability accounted for fitness differences in the alpine habitat. We also demonstrate that flowering time differentiation has contributed to adaptive divergence between these locally adapted populations. Our results show that despite the estimated potential of gene flow and drift to hinder differentiation, selection among these A. lyrata populations has resulted in local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Hämälä
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina M Mattila
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Savolainen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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18
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Demography and mating system shape the genome-wide impact of purifying selection in Arabis alpina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:816-821. [PMID: 29301967 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707492115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mating systems have profound effects on levels and structuring of genetic variation and can affect the impact of natural selection. Although theory predicts that intermediate outcrossing rates may allow plants to prevent accumulation of deleterious alleles, few studies have empirically tested this prediction using genomic data. Here, we study the effect of mating system on purifying selection by conducting population-genomic analyses on whole-genome resequencing data from 38 European individuals of the arctic-alpine crucifer Arabis alpina We find that outcrossing and mixed-mating populations maintain genetic diversity at similar levels, whereas highly self-fertilizing Scandinavian A. alpina show a strong reduction in genetic diversity, most likely as a result of a postglacial colonization bottleneck. We further find evidence for accumulation of genetic load in highly self-fertilizing populations, whereas the genome-wide impact of purifying selection does not differ greatly between mixed-mating and outcrossing populations. Our results demonstrate that intermediate levels of outcrossing may allow efficient selection against harmful alleles, whereas demographic effects can be important for relaxed purifying selection in highly selfing populations. Thus, mating system and demography shape the impact of purifying selection on genomic variation in A. alpina These results are important for an improved understanding of the evolutionary consequences of mating system variation and the maintenance of mixed-mating strategies.
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19
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Almario J, Jeena G, Wunder J, Langen G, Zuccaro A, Coupland G, Bucher M. Root-associated fungal microbiota of nonmycorrhizal Arabis alpina and its contribution to plant phosphorus nutrition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9403-E9412. [PMID: 28973917 PMCID: PMC5676915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710455114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most land plants live in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rely on this symbiosis to scavenge phosphorus (P) from soil. The ability to establish this partnership has been lost in some plant lineages like the Brassicaceae, which raises the question of what alternative nutrition strategies such plants have to grow in P-impoverished soils. To understand the contribution of plant-microbiota interactions, we studied the root-associated fungal microbiome of Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) with the hypothesis that some of its components can promote plant P acquisition. Using amplicon sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2, we studied the root and rhizosphere fungal communities of A. alpina growing under natural and controlled conditions including low-P soils and identified a set of 15 fungal taxa consistently detected in its roots. This cohort included a Helotiales taxon exhibiting high abundance in roots of wild A. alpina growing in an extremely P-limited soil. Consequently, we isolated and subsequently reintroduced a specimen from this taxon into its native P-poor soil in which it improved plant growth and P uptake. The fungus exhibited mycorrhiza-like traits including colonization of the root endosphere and P transfer to the plant. Genome analysis revealed a link between its endophytic lifestyle and the expansion of its repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes. We report the discovery of a plant-fungus interaction facilitating the growth of a nonmycorrhizal plant under native P-limited conditions, thus uncovering a previously underestimated role of root fungal microbiota in P cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almario
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ganga Jeena
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Wunder
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Langen
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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20
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Toräng P, Vikström L, Wunder J, Wötzel S, Coupland G, Ågren J. Evolution of the selfing syndrome: Anther orientation and herkogamy together determine reproductive assurance in a self-compatible plant. Evolution 2017; 71:2206-2218. [PMID: 28722132 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Capacity for autonomous self-fertilization provides reproductive assurance, has evolved repeatedly in the plant kingdom, and typically involves several changes in flower morphology and development (the selfing syndrome). Yet, the relative importance of different traits and trait combinations for efficient selfing and reproductive success in pollinator-poor environments is poorly known. In a series of experiments, we tested the importance of anther-stigma distance and the less studied trait anther orientation for efficiency of selfing in the perennial herb Arabis alpina. Variation in flower morphology among eight self-compatible European populations was correlated with efficiency of self-pollination and with pollen limitation in a common-garden experiment. To examine whether anther-stigma distance and anther orientation are subject to directional and/or correlational selection, and whether this is because these traits affect pollination success, we planted a segregating F2 population at two native field sites. Selection strongly favored a combination of introrse anthers and reduced anther-stigma distance at a site where pollinator activity was low, and supplemental hand-pollination demonstrated that this was largely because of their effect on securing self-pollination. The results suggest that concurrent shifts in more than one trait can be crucial for the evolution of efficient self-pollination and reproductive assurance in pollinator-poor habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Toräng
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Box 408, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Linus Vikström
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörg Wunder
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Wötzel
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Life-History Responses to the Altitudinal Gradient. HIGH MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION IN A CHANGING WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55982-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Ågren J, Oakley CG, Lundemo S, Schemske DW. Adaptive divergence in flowering time among natural populations of
Arabidopsis thaliana
: Estimates of selection and QTL mapping. Evolution 2016; 71:550-564. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ågren
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18 D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Sverre Lundemo
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18 D SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- WWF Norway Postboks 6784, St. Olavs Plass 0130 Oslo Norway
| | - Douglas W. Schemske
- Department of Plant Biology and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824
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23
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Hirst MJ, Sexton JP, Hoffmann AA. Extensive variation, but not local adaptation in an Australian alpine daisy. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5459-72. [PMID: 27551396 PMCID: PMC4984517 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpine plants often occupy diverse habitats within a similar elevation range, but most research on local adaptation in these plants has focused on elevation gradients. In testing for habitat‐related local adaptation, local effects on seed quality and initial plant growth should be considered in designs that encompass multiple populations and habitats. We tested for local adaptation across alpine habitats in a morphologically variable daisy species, Brachyscome decipiens, in the Bogong High Plains in Victoria, Australia. We collected seed from different habitats, controlled for maternal effects through initial seed size estimates, and characterized seedling survival and growth in a field transplant experiment. We found little evidence for local adaptation for survival or plant size, based on three adaptation measures: Home versus Away, Local versus Foreign, and Sympatric versus Allopatric (SA). The SA measure controlled for planting site and population (site‐of‐origin) effects. There were significant differences due to site‐of‐origin and planting site effects. An important confounding factor was the size of plants directly after transplantation of seedlings, which had a large impact on subsequent seedling survival and growth. Initial differences in plant width and height influenced subsequent survival across the growing season but in opposing directions: wide plants had higher survival, but tall plants had lower survival. In an additional controlled garden experiment at Cranbourne Royal Botanic Gardens, site‐of‐origin effects detected in the field experiments disappeared under more benign homogeneous conditions. Although B. decipiens from different source areas varied significantly when grown across a range of alpine habitats, these differences did not translate into a local or habitat‐related fitness advantage. This lack of local advantage may signal weak past selection, and/or weak adaptive transgeneration (plasticity) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Hirst
- Bio21 Institute School of Biosciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia; Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Birdwood Avenue Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Jason P Sexton
- School of Natural Sciences University of California Merced California 95343 USA
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute School of Biosciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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24
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Corrigendum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:1277. [PMID: 26536153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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25
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Common garden experiments in the genomic era: new perspectives and opportunities. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 116:249-54. [PMID: 26486610 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of local adaptation is rendered difficult by many evolutionary confounding phenomena (for example, genetic drift and demographic history). When complex traits are involved in local adaptation, phenomena such as phenotypic plasticity further hamper evolutionary biologists to study the complex relationships between phenotype, genotype and environment. In this perspective paper, we suggest that the common garden experiment, specifically designed to deal with phenotypic plasticity, has a clear role to play in the study of local adaptation, even (if not specifically) in the genomic era. After a quick review of some high-throughput genotyping protocols relevant in the context of a common garden, we explore how to improve common garden analyses with dense marker panel data and recent statistical methods. We then show how combining approaches from population genomics and genome-wide association studies with the settings of a common garden can yield to a very efficient, thorough and integrative study of local adaptation. Especially, evidence from genomic (for example, genome scan) and phenotypic origins constitute independent insights into the possibility of local adaptation scenarios, and genome-wide association studies in the context of a common garden experiment allow to decipher the genetic bases of adaptive traits.
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26
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McGraw JB, Turner JB, Souther S, Bennington CC, Vavrek MC, Shaver GR, Fetcher N. Northward displacement of optimal climate conditions for ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum L. across a latitudinal gradient in Alaska. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3827-3835. [PMID: 26033529 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often genetically specialized as ecotypes attuned to local environmental conditions. When conditions change, the optimal environment may be physically displaced from the local population, unless dispersal or in situ evolution keep pace, resulting in a phenomenon called adaptational lag. Using a 30-year-old reciprocal transplant study across a 475 km latitudinal gradient, we tested the adaptational lag hypothesis by measuring both short-term (tiller population growth rates) and long-term (17-year survival) fitness components of Eriophorum vaginatum ecotypes in Alaska, where climate change may have already displaced the optimum. Analyzing the transplant study as a climate transfer experiment, we showed that the climate optimum for plant performance was displaced ca. 140 km north of home sites, although plants were not generally declining in size at home sites. Adaptational lag is expected to be widespread globally for long-lived, ecotypically specialized plants, with disruptive consequences for communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McGraw
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, P. O. Box 6057, Morgantown, WV 26506-6057, USA
| | - Jessica B Turner
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, P. O. Box 6057, Morgantown, WV 26506-6057, USA
| | - Sara Souther
- Department of Biology, West Virginia Wesleyan, Buckhannon, WV, USA
| | | | - Milan C Vavrek
- Department of Land Resources, Glenville State University, Glenville, WV 26351, USA
| | - Gaius R Shaver
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Ned Fetcher
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
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27
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Plastic Responses to Temperature Versus Local Adaptation at the Cold Extreme of the Climate Gradient. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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