1
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Luo S, Schmid B, Hector A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Barsoum N, Bauhus J, Beyer F, Bruelheide H, Ferlian O, Godbold D, Hall JS, Hajek P, Huang Y, Hölscher D, Kreft H, Liu X, Messier C, Nock C, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker WC, Paterno GB, Reich PB, Rewald B, Sandén H, Sinacore K, Stefanski A, Williams L, Eisenhauer N. Mycorrhizal associations modify tree diversity-productivity relationships across experimental tree plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38855965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Decades of studies have demonstrated links between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet the generality of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially for forest ecosystems. Using 11 tree-diversity experiments, we tested tree species richness-community productivity relationships and the role of arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal-associated tree species in these relationships. Tree species richness had a positive effect on community productivity across experiments, modified by the diversity of tree mycorrhizal associations. In communities with both AM and ECM trees, species richness showed positive effects on community productivity, which could have resulted from complementarity between AM and ECM trees. Moreover, both AM and ECM trees were more productive in mixed communities with both AM and ECM trees than in communities assembled by their own mycorrhizal type of trees. In communities containing only ECM trees, species richness had a significant positive effect on productivity, whereas species richness did not show any significant effects on productivity in communities containing only AM trees. Our study provides novel explanations for variations in diversity-productivity relationships by suggesting that tree-mycorrhiza interactions can shape productivity in mixed-species forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontorde, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Juergen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Friderike Beyer
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Douglas Godbold
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Agua Salud Project, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 401 Ancón, Panamá, Panama
| | - Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
| | - Charles Nock
- Department of Renewables Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - William C Parker
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Sandén
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Katherine Sinacore
- Agua Salud Project, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 401 Ancón, Panamá, Panama
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Laura Williams
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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2
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Wessely J, Essl F, Fiedler K, Gattringer A, Hülber B, Ignateva O, Moser D, Rammer W, Dullinger S, Seidl R. A climate-induced tree species bottleneck for forest management in Europe. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1109-1117. [PMID: 38684739 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Large pulses of tree mortality have ushered in a major reorganization of Europe's forest ecosystems. To initiate a robust next generation of trees, the species that are planted today need to be climatically suitable throughout the entire twenty-first century. Here we developed species distribution models for 69 European tree species based on occurrence data from 238,080 plot locations to investigate the option space for current forest management in Europe. We show that the average pool of tree species continuously suitable throughout the century is smaller than that under current and end-of-century climate conditions, creating a tree species bottleneck for current management. If the need for continuous climate suitability throughout the lifespan of a tree planted today is considered, climate change shrinks the tree species pool available to management by between 33% and 49% of its current values (40% and 54% of potential end-of-century values), under moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6) and severe (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) climate change, respectively. This bottleneck could have strong negative impacts on timber production, carbon storage and biodiversity conservation, as only 3.18, 3.53 and 2.56 species of high potential for providing these functions remain suitable throughout the century on average per square kilometre in Europe. Our results indicate that the option space for silviculture is narrowing substantially because of climate change and that an important adaptation strategy in forestry-creating mixed forests-might be curtailed by widespread losses of climatically suitable tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wessely
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change and Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Hülber
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olesia Ignateva
- Research Division Cartography, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Rammer
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
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3
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Paligi SS, Lichter J, Kotowska M, Schwutke RL, Audisio M, Mrak K, Penanhoat A, Schuldt B, Hertel D, Leuschner C. Water status dynamics and drought tolerance of juvenile European beech, Douglas fir and Norway spruce trees as dependent on neighborhood and nitrogen supply. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae044. [PMID: 38662576 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To increase the resilience of forests to drought and other hazards, foresters are increasingly planting mixed stands. This requires knowledge about the drought response of tree species in pure and mixed-culture neighborhoods. In addition, drought frequently interacts with continued atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. To disentangle these factors for European beech, Norway spruce and Douglas fir, we conducted a replicated 3-factorial sapling growth experiment with three moisture levels, (high, medium, and low), two N levels (high and ambient), and pure and mixed-culture neighborhoods. We measured biomass, stomatal conductance (GS), shoot water potential (at predawn: ΨPD, midday, and turgor loss point: ΨTLP), branch xylem embolism resistance (Ψ50) and minimum epidermal conductance (Gmin). The three species differed most with respect to Gmin (10-fold higher in beech than in the conifers), hydroscape area (larger in beech), and the time elapsed to reach stomatal closure (TΨGS90) and ΨTLP (TTLP; shorter in beech), while Ψ50 and ΨTLP were remarkably similar. Neighborhood (pure vs mixed-culture) influenced biomass production, water status and hydraulic traits, notably GS (higher in Douglas fir, but lower in spruce and beech, in mixtures than pure culture), hydraulic safety margin (smaller for beech in mixtures), and TΨGS90 and TTLP (shorter for spruce in mixture). High N generally increased GS, but no consistent N effects on leaf water status and hydraulic traits were detected, suggesting that neighbor identity had a larger effect on plant water relations than N availability. We conclude that both tree neighborhood and N availability modulate the drought response of beech, spruce, and Douglas fir. Species mixing can alleviate the drought stress of some species, but often by disadvantaging other species. Thus, our study suggests that stabilizing and building resilience of production forests against a drier and warmer climate may depend primarily on the right species choice; species mixing can support the agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath S Paligi
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Lichter
- Chair of Statistics, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 3, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martyna Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, 4-6 Eastern Road Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Schwutke
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michela Audisio
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klara Mrak
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Penanhoat
- Department of Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Street 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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4
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Noske JE, Lu J, Schaefer I, Maraun M, Scheu S, Chen T. Niche dimensions in soil oribatid mite community assembly under native and introduced tree species. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11431. [PMID: 38770121 PMCID: PMC11103279 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest soils are a critical component of terrestrial ecosystems and host a large number of animal decomposer species. One diverse and abundant decomposer taxon is oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), whose species composition varies with forest type and tree species composition. We used functional traits that indicate different niche dimensions, to infer assembly processes of oribatid mite communities in monocultures and mixed forests of native and introduced tree species. We found that coexisting species differed more in the resource-related niche dimension, i.e., reproductive mode and trophic guild, than in the morphological dimension, e.g., body length and width, sclerotization and concealability. These results suggest that both filtering and partitioning processes structure oribatid mite communities. In native European beech forests, but not in non-native Douglas fir forests, oribatid mites were mainly structured by filtering processes acting via traits related both to environmental tolerance and to resources. Furthermore, oribatid mite trait diversity, but not phylogenetic diversity, differed significantly between monocultures and mixed forests, demonstrating that multidimensional diversity indices provide additional information on soil biodiversity. Overall, the study provides evidence that traits representing different niche dimensions need to be considered for understanding assembly processes in soil animal communities and thereby soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Elisabeth Noske
- J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jing‐Zhong Lu
- J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity Climate Research CenterFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Loewe Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Mark Maraun
- J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land UseUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ting‐Wen Chen
- J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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5
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An N, Lu N, Wang M, Chen Y, Wu F, Fu B. Plant size traits are key contributors in the spatial variation of net primary productivity across terrestrial biomes in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171412. [PMID: 38447733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial variability of ecosystem functions is an important step forward in predicting changes in ecosystems under global transformations. Plant functional traits are important drivers of ecosystem functions such as net primary productivity (NPP). Although trait-based approaches have advanced rapidly, the extent to which specific plant functional traits are linked to the spatial diversity of NPP at a regional scale remains uncertain. Here, we used structural equation models (SEMs) to disentangle the relative effects of abiotic variables (i.e., climate, soil, nitrogen deposition, and human footprint) and biotic variables (i.e., plant functional traits and community structure) on the spatial variation of NPP across China and its eight biomes. Additionally, we investigated the indirect influence of climate and soil on the spatial variation of NPP by directly affecting plant functional traits. Abiotic and biotic variables collectively explained 62.6 % of the spatial differences of NPP within China, and 28.0 %-69.4 % across the eight distinct biomes. The most important abiotic factors, temperature and precipitation, had positive effects for NPP spatial variation. Interestingly, plant functional traits associated with the size of plant organs (i.e., plant height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density) were the primary biotic drivers, and their positive effects were independent of biome type. Incorporating plant functional traits improved predictions of NPP by 6.7 %-50.2 %, except for the alpine tundra on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our study identifies the principal factors regulating NPP spatial variation and highlights the importance of plant size traits in predictions of NPP variation at a large scale. These results provide new insights for involving plant size traits in carbon process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan An
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Library, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yongzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong 999077, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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6
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Hisano M, Ghazoul J, Chen X, Chen HYH. Functional diversity enhances dryland forest productivity under long-term climate change. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4152. [PMID: 38657059 PMCID: PMC11042740 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Short-term experimental studies provided evidence that plant diversity increases ecosystem resilience and resistance to drought events, suggesting diversity to serve as a nature-based solution to address climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of diversity are momentary or still hold over the long term in natural forests to ensure that the sustainability of carbon sinks. By analyzing 57 years of inventory data from dryland forests in Canada, we show that productivity of dryland forests decreased at an average rate of 1.3% per decade, in concert with the temporally increasing temperature and decreasing water availability. Increasing functional trait diversity from its minimum (monocultures) to maximum value increased productivity by 13%. Our results demonstrate the potential role of tree functional trait diversity in alleviating climate change impacts on dryland forests. While recognizing that nature-based climate mitigation (e.g., planting trees) can only be partial solutions, their long-term (decadal) efficacy can be improved by enhancing functional trait diversity across the forest community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hisano
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Ecosystem Management, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- Ecosystem Management, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xinli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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7
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Dhiedt E, Baeten L, De Smedt P, Verheyen K. Soil legacies of tree species richness in a young plantation do not modulate tree seedling response to watering regime. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:316-329. [PMID: 38041577 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Trees have a strong and species-specific influence on biotic and abiotic properties of the soil. Even after the vegetation is removed, the effect can persist to form so-called soil legacies. We investigated the effects of soil legacies of tree species richness on the emergence and growth of tree seedlings, and how these legacy effects modulate the seedling responses to irrigation frequency. We used a 9-year-old tree plantation on former agricultural land in Belgium, which is part of a biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment (FORBIO). Soil originating from monocultures and four-species plots, with different species combinations, was translocated to a greenhouse. Five tree species (Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata) were sown and grown for one growing season in these soils. We performed a watering treatment (low and high irrigation frequency) to measure any potential interaction effects between the soil legacies and irrigation frequency. There was no evidence for soil legacy effects of species richness on plant performance or their response to the irrigation frequency. However, the effect of irrigation frequency was dependent on species identity of the tree seedlings. Despite the lack of clear legacy effects, performance measures did show correlated responses that are likely due to species composition effects. We ascribe these patterns to the young age of the forest and the agricultural past land use. At this early stage in forest development, the land-use history likely has a more important role in shaping soil characteristics that affect plant growth and their response to drought, than species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dhiedt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | - L Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P De Smedt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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8
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Shovon TA, Auge H, Haase J, Nock CA. Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17252. [PMID: 38501719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a large body of evidence from field experiments suggests more diverse plant communities are more productive as well as more resistant to the effects of climatic extremes like drought. However, this view is strongly based on data from grasslands due to the limited empirical evidence from tree diversity experiments. Here we report on the relationship between tree diversity and productivity over 10 years in a field experiment established in 2005 that was then affected by the 2018 mega-drought in central Europe. Across a number of years, tree species diversity and productivity were significantly positively related; however, the slope switched to negative in the year of the drought. Net diversity effects increased through time, with complementarity effects making greater contributions to the net diversity effect than selection effects. Complementarity effects were clearly positive in three- and five-species mixtures before the drought (2012-2016) but were found to decrease in the year of the drought. Selection effects were clearly positive in 2016 and remained positive in the drought year 2018 in two-, three-, and five-species mixtures. The survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies) plummeted in response to the drought, and a negative relationship between species diversity and spruce survival was found. Taken together, our findings suggest that tree diversity per se may not buffer communities against the impacts of extreme drought and that tree species composition and the drought tolerance of tree species (i.e., species identity) will be important determinants of community productivity as the prevalence of drought increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed Shovon
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Charles A Nock
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Kinzinger L, Mach J, Haberstroh S, Schindler Z, Frey J, Dubbert M, Seeger S, Seifert T, Weiler M, Orlowski N, Werner C. Interaction between beech and spruce trees in temperate forests affects water use, root water uptake pattern and canopy structure. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad144. [PMID: 38070177 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Beneficial and negative effects of species interactions can strongly influence water fluxes in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how trees dynamically adjust their water use when growing with interspecific neighbours. Therefore, we investigated the interaction effects between Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) on water-use strategies and aboveground structural characteristics. We used continuous in situ isotope spectroscopy of xylem and soil water to investigate source water dynamics and root water uptake depths. Picea abies exhibited a reduced sun-exposed crown area in equally mixed compared with spruce-dominated sites, which was further correlated to a reduction in sap flow of -14.5 ± 8.2%. Contrarily, F. sylvatica trees showed +13.3 ± 33.3% higher water fluxes in equally mixed compared with beech-dominated forest sites. Although a significantly higher crown interference by neighbouring trees was observed, no correlation of water fluxes and crown structure was found. High time-resolved xylem δ2H values showed a large plasticity of tree water use (-74.1 to -28.5‰), reflecting the δ2H dynamics of soil and especially precipitation water sources. Fagus sylvatica in equally mixed sites shifted water uptake to deeper soil layers, while uptake of fresh precipitation was faster in beech-dominated sites. Our continuous in situ water stable isotope measurements traced root water uptake dynamics at unprecedented temporal resolution, indicating highly dynamic use of water sources in response to precipitation and to neighbouring species competition. Understanding this plasticity may be highly relevant in the context of increasing water scarcity and precipitation variability under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kinzinger
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judith Mach
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Haberstroh
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Schindler
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Frey
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maren Dubbert
- IBG, PB 1 'Landschaftsprozesse', Leibniz Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e. V, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Seeger
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
- Soil Physics, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seifert
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Bosman Street, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Markus Weiler
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Orlowski
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Site Ecology and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TU Dresden, Pienner Strasse 19, Tharandt 01737, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Guo Q, Zhu Y, Sun F, Korpelainen H, Niinemets Ü, Li C. Male, female, and mixed-sex poplar plantations support divergent soil microbial communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17198. [PMID: 38379533 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Males and females of dioecious plants have sex-specific adaptations to diverse habitats. The effects of inter- and intrasexual interactions in poplar plantations on composition, structure, and function of soil microbiota have not been explored in degraded areas. We conducted a series of greenhouse and field experiments to investigate how belowground competition, soil microbial communities, and seasonal variation nitrogen content differ among female, male, and mixed-sex Populus cathayana plantations. In the greenhouse experiment, female neighbors suppressed the growth of males under optimal nitrogen conditions. However, male neighbors enhanced stable isotope ratio of nitrogen (δ15 N) of females under intersexual competition. In the field, the root length density, root area density, and biomass of fine roots were lower in female plantations than in male or mixed-sex plantations. Bacterial networks of female, male, and mixed-sex plantations were characterized by different composition of hub nodes, including connectors, modules, and network hubs. The sex composition of plantations altered bacterial and fungal community structures according to Bray-Curtis distances, with 44% and 65% of variance explained by the root biomass, respectively. The total soil nitrogen content of mixed-sex plantation was higher than that in female plantation in spring and summer. The mixed-sex plantation also had a higher β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity in summer and a higher nitrification rate in autumn than the other two plantations. The seasonal soil N content, nitrification rate, and root distribution traits demonstrated spatiotemporal niche separation in the mixed-sex plantation. We argue that a strong female-female competition and limited nitrogen content could strongly impede plant growth and reduce the resistance of monosex plantations to climate change and the mixed-sex plantations constitutes a promising way to restore degraded land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Di Maurizio V, Searle E, Paquette A. It takes a village to grow a tree: Most tree species benefit from dissimilar neighbors. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10804. [PMID: 38145019 PMCID: PMC10739099 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific consensus is that diverse tree species positively impact forest productivity, especially when species are functionally dissimilar. Under the complementarity hypothesis, differences in species traits reduce competition among neighboring tree species. However, while this relationship has been extensively studied at the community level, there is a lack of understanding regarding how individuals of different species specifically respond to a functionally dissimilar neighborhood. In this study, we used permanent plots from Quebec, Canada, and 19 focal tree species to test whether: (1) tree growth response to neighborhood dissimilarity varies with their identity and competition intensity, and (2) focal tree species' traits explain their response to neighborhood dissimilarity. We demonstrate that: tree growth is primarily influenced by competition, species identity, and their interactions, but that dissimilarity, alone and in interaction with the main drivers of tree growth, explains an additional 1.8% of the variation in species growth. Within this context, (1) most species' respond positively to neighborhood dissimilarity, with magnitude being species and competition dependent, and (2) focal tree traits partly explain these dependencies, with shade-intolerant species benefiting most from dissimilar neighbors under high competition. Our study provides empirical support for the complementarity hypothesis, emphasizing the small but consistent positive effect of functional dissimilarity on tree growth in local neighborhoods. Our findings identify the species with the highest potential of benefiting from dissimilar neighbors but also demonstrate that the positive effect of neighborhood dissimilarity is not limited to a select few species with specific traits; rather, it is observed across a diverse range of species. The cumulative growth responses of individuals to functionally dissimilar neighbors may help explain the commonly observed higher productivity in more diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Di Maurizio
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Faculté des Sciences, Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Eric Searle
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Faculté des Sciences, Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryOntario Forest Research InstituteSault Ste. MarieOntarioCanada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Faculté des Sciences, Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
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12
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Guiquan S, Jiali F, Shuai G, Wenya H, Xiangkun K, Sheng Z, Yueling Z, Xuelian J. Geographic distribution and impacts of climate change on the suitable habitats of Rhamnus utilis Decne in China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:592. [PMID: 38008724 PMCID: PMC10680213 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhamnus utilis Decne (Rhamnaceae) is an ecologically and economically important tree species. The growing market demands and recent anthropogenic impacts to R. utilis forests has negatively impacted its populations severely. However, little is known about the potential distribution of this species and environmental factors that affect habitat suitability for this species. By using 219 occurrence records along with 51 environmental factors, present and future suitable habitats were estimated for R. utilis using Maxent modeling; the important environmental factors affecting its distribution were analyzed. RESULTS January water vapor pressure, normalized difference vegetation index, mean diurnal range, and precipitation of the warmest quarter represented the critical factors explaining the environmental requirements of R. utilis. The potential habitat of R. utilis included most provinces from central to southeast China. Under the climate change scenario SSP 245, Maxent predicted a cumulative loss of ca. 0.73 × 105 km2 in suitable habitat for R. utilis during 2041-2060 while an increase of ca. 0.65 × 105 km2 occurred during 2081-2100. Furthermore, under this climate change scenario, the suitable habitat will geographically expand to higher elevations. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide a foundation for targeted conservation efforts and inform future research on R. utilis. By considering the identified environmental factors and anticipating the potential impacts of climate change, conservation strategies can be developed to preserve and restore suitable habitats for R. utilis. Protecting this species is not only crucial for maintaining biodiversity but also for sustaining the economic benefits associated with its ecological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guiquan
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Feng Jiali
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Gong Shuai
- Sinochem Agriculture Holdings Co. Ltd, Beijing, 1000323, China
| | - Hao Wenya
- Sinochem Agriculture Holdings Co. Ltd, Beijing, 1000323, China
| | - Kong Xiangkun
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Zhao Sheng
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Zhao Yueling
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Jiang Xuelian
- Weifang Municipal Key Laboratory of Agricultural Planting Quantization and Application, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China.
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13
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Bogachev MI, Gafurov AM, Iskandirov PY, Kaplun DI, Kayumov AR, Lyanova AI, Pyko NS, Pyko SA, Safonova AN, Sinitca AM, Usmanov BM, Tishin DV. Reversal in the drought stress response of the Scots pine forest ecosystem: Local soil water regime as a key to improving climate change resilience. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21574. [PMID: 37954317 PMCID: PMC10638002 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In a changing climate, forest ecosystems have become increasingly vulnerable to continuously exacerbating heat and associated drought conditions. Climate stress resilience is governed by a complex interplay of global, regional, and local factors, with hydrological conditions being among the key players. We studied a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest ecosystem located near the southern edge of the boreal ecotone, which is particularly subjected to frequent and prolonged droughts. By comparing the dendrochronological series of pines growing in apparently contrasting hydrological conditions ranging from the waterlogged peat bog area to the dry soil at the surrounding elevations, we investigated how the soil water regime affects the climate response and drought stress resilience of the forest ecosystem. We found that in the dry land area, a significant fraction of the trees were replaced after two major climate extremes: prolonged drought and extremely low winter temperatures. The latter has also been followed by a three- to ten-fold growth reduction of the trees that survived in the next year, whereas no similar effect has been observed in the peat bog area. Multi-scale detrended partial cross-correlation analysis (DPCCA) indicated that tree-ring width (TRW) was negatively correlated with spring and summer temperatures and positively correlated with the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) for the same year. For the elevated dry land area, the above effect extends to interannual scales, indicating that prolonged heatwaves and associated droughts are among the factors that limit tree growth. In marked contrast, in the waterlogged peat bog area, a reversed tendency was observed, with prolonged dry periods as well as warmer springs and summers over several consecutive years, leading to increasing tree growth with a one- to three-year time lag. Altogether, our results indicate that the pessimal conditions of a warming climate could become favorable through the preservation of the soil water regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail I. Bogachev
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Artur M. Gafurov
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya street, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Pavel Y. Iskandirov
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya street, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Dmitrii I. Kaplun
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya street, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Asya I. Lyanova
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Nikita S. Pyko
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Pyko
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Anastasiia N. Safonova
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Aleksandr M. Sinitca
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Bulat M. Usmanov
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya street, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Denis V. Tishin
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 5-F Professor Popov street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya street, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
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14
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Lin L, Jiang XL, Guo KQ, Byrne A, Deng M. Climate change impacts the distribution of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae), a keystone lineage in East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:552-568. [PMID: 37936812 PMCID: PMC10625921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests (EBFLs) harbor high species richness, but these ecosystems are severely impacted by global climate change and deforestation. Conserving and managing EBLFs requires understanding dominant tree distribution dynamics. In this study, we used 29 species in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis-a keystone lineage in East Asian EBLFs-as proxies to predict EBLF distribution dynamics using species distribution models (SDMs). We examined climatic niche overlap, similarity, and equivalency among seven biogeographical regions' species using 'ecospat'. We also estimated the effectiveness of protected areas in the predicted range to elucidate priority conservation regions. Our results showed that the climatic niches of most geographical groups differ. The western species under the Indian summer monsoon regime were mainly impacted by temperature factors, whereas precipitation impacted the eastern species under the East Asian summer monsoon regime. Our simulation predicted a northward range expansion of section Cyclobalanopsis between 2081 and 2100, except for the ranges of the three Himalayan species analyzed, which might shrink significantly. The greatest shift of highly suitable areas was predicted for the species in the South Pacific, with a centroid shift of over 300 km. Remarkably, only 7.56% of suitable habitat is currently inside protected areas, and the percentage is predicted to continue declining in the future. To better conserve Asian EBLFs, establishing nature reserves in their northern distribution ranges, and transplanting the populations with predicted decreasing numbers and degraded habitats to their future highly suitable areas, should be high-priority objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of BioResources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Long Jiang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Kai-Qi Guo
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Amy Byrne
- The Morton Arboretum, Lile, IL 60532-1293, USA
| | - Min Deng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of BioResources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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15
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Yao J, Huang J, Zang R. Alpha and beta diversity jointly drive the aboveground biomass in temperate and tropical forests. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10487. [PMID: 37664512 PMCID: PMC10468913 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in biodiversity often affect ecosystem functioning. However, most previous biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies have generally been limited to very small spatial grains. Thus, knowledge regarding the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships across spatial scales is lacking. Moreover, the multiscale nature of biodiversity, and specifically β diversity (i.e., spatial heterogeneity in species composition) was still largely missing in BEF studies. Here, using the vegetation and functional trait data collected from four 6-ha forest dynamics plots (FDPs) in temperate and tropical forests in China, we examine the scale-dependent relationships between tree diversity and the aboveground biomass (AGB), as well as the roles of species spatial heterogeneity in determining the AGB. In tropical forests, the effect of species richness on AGB decreased with spatial grains, while functional dominance played a stronger role at larger spatial grains. In temperate forests, positive relationship between diversity and AGB occurred at all spatial grains, especially on smaller scales. In both temperate and tropical forests, β diversity was positively correlated with AGB, but weaker than α diversity in determining AGB. Overall, complementarity and selection hypothesis play dominant role in determining AGB in temperate and tropical forests, respectively. The roles of these underlying mechanisms are more pronounced with increasing spatial scales. β diversity, a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity, is likely to increase ecosystem functions by species spatial turnover and should not be neglected in BEF explorations. Our findings have practical implications for forest management and demonstrate that biotic heterogeneity plays an important positive role in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jihong Huang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Runguo Zang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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16
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Lammerant R, Rita A, Borghetti M, Muscarella R. Water-limited environments affect the association between functional diversity and forest productivity. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10406. [PMID: 37560182 PMCID: PMC10408253 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between biodiversity and ecosystem function can depend on environmental conditions. This contingency can impede our ability to predict how biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships will respond to future environmental change, causing a clear need to explore the processes underlying shifts in BEF relationships across large spatial scales and broad environmental gradients. We compiled a dataset on five functional traits (maximum height, wood density, specific leaf area [SLA], seed size, and xylem vulnerability to embolism [P50]), covering 78%-90% of the tree species in the National Forest Inventory from Italy, to test (i) how a water limitation gradient shapes the functional composition and diversity of forests, (ii) how functional composition and diversity of trees relate to forest annual increment via mass ratio and complementarity effects, and (iii) how the relationship between functional diversity and annual increment varies between Mediterranean and temperate climate regions. Functional composition varied with water limitation; tree communities tended to have more conservative traits in sites with higher levels of water limitation. The response of functional diversity differed among traits and climatic regions but among temperate forest plots, we found a consistent increase of functional diversity with water limitation. Tree diversity was positively associated with annual increment of Italian forests through a combination of mass ratio and niche complementarity effects, but the relative importance of these effects depended on the trait and range of climate considered. Specifically, niche complementarity effects were more strongly associated with annual increment in the Mediterranean compared to temperate forests. Synthesis: Overall, our results suggest that biodiversity mediates forest annual increment under water-limited conditions by promoting beneficial interactions between species and complementarity in resource use. Our work highlights the importance of conserving functional diversity for future forest management to maintain forest annual increment under the expected increase in intensity and frequency of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Lammerant
- Department of Ecology & GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Present address:
Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of HelsinkiHankoFinland
| | - Angelo Rita
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi della BasilicataPotenzaItaly
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17
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Singh R, Rawat M, Chand T, Tripathi S, Pandey R. Phenological variations in relation to climatic variables of moist temperate forest tree species of western Himalaya, India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16563. [PMID: 37274646 PMCID: PMC10238909 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenology, an important ecological attribute, deals with the development of vegetative and reproductive parts of trees called "phenophases", which are important determinants of primary productivity and sensitive to climate change. The present study recorded various phenophases of major tree species (i.e., Quercus leucotrichophora, Rhododendron arboreum, and Myrica esculenta) as per the two-digit numerical system of Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. A total of 72 individual trees, twenty-four from each species, distributed between 1400 and 1980 m. a.s.l elevations were tagged and measured fortnightly for two consecutive years (2019-2021) in the moist temperate forest of Western Himalaya and compared with earlier existing records. Various phenophases were correlated with climatic factors along with duration and thermal time for each phenological growth stage. We found 24 growth stages for Q. leucotrichophora and M. esculenta and 28 for R. arboreum distributed across seven principal growth stages (e.g. bud development, 0; leaf development, 1; shoot development, 3; inflorescence development, 5; flower development, 6; fruit development, 7; and fruit maturation, 8) of trees as per BBCH scale. Maximum growing degree was 748.87 and 627.95 days recorded for R. arboreum and M. esculenta during leaf development, and 796.17 days for Q. leucotrichophora during fruit development. Flower emergence was observed pre, during, and post-emergence of new leaves for R. arboreum, M. esculenta, and Q. leucotrichophora, respectively, which varied at spatial scale with previous findings. Longevity of fruit development to ripening took 17, 4, and 2 months, respectively in Q. leucotrichophora, R. arboreum and M. esculenta. Duration of leaf initiation and flowering was positively correlated with climatic variables, whereas, the reverse was observed for fruiting in the studied tree species. The study concludes that the variations in phenophases of the three species were strongly influenced by climatic variations, especially minimum temperature. The result of the present study would be important in enabling us to formulate efficient forest management strategies by understanding the short-term adaptation of the climate-sensitive important tree species in the western Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Rawat
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India
| | - Tara Chand
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - S.K. Tripathi
- Department of Forestry, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Rajiv Pandey
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India
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18
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Osei R, Titeux H, del Río M, Ruiz-Peinado R, Bielak K, Bravo F, Collet C, Cools C, Cornelis JT, Drössler L, Heym M, Korboulewsky N, Löf M, Muys B, Najib Y, Nothdurft A, Pach M, Pretzsch H, Ponette Q. Climatic water availability modifies tree functional diversity effects on soil organic carbon storage in European forests. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH 2023; 142:1-13. [PMID: 37363183 PMCID: PMC10212220 DOI: 10.1007/s10342-023-01579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Forest stand and environmental factors influence soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but little is known about their relative impacts in different soil layers. Moreover, how environmental factors modulate the impact of stand factors, particularly species mixing, on SOC storage, is largely unexplored. In this study, conducted in 21 forest triplets (two monocultures of different species and their mixture on the same site) distributed in Europe, we tested the hypothesis that stand factors (functional identity and diversity) have stronger effects on topsoil (FF + 0-10 cm) C storage than environmental factors (climatic water availability, clay + silt content, oxalate-extractable Al-Alox) but that the opposite occurs in the subsoil (10-40 cm). We also tested the hypothesis that functional diversity improves SOC storage under high climatic water availability, clay + silt contents, and Alox. We characterized functional identity as the basal area proportion of broadleaved species (beech and/or oak), and functional diversity as the product of broadleaved and conifer (pine) proportions. The results show that functional identity was the main driver of topsoil C storage, while climatic water availability had the largest control on subsoil C storage. Functional diversity decreased topsoil C storage under increasing climatic water availability, but the opposite was observed in the subsoil. Functional diversity effects on topsoil C increased with increasing clay + silt content, while its effects on subsoil C were negative at increasing Alox content. This suggests that functional diversity effect on SOC storage changes along gradients in environmental factors and the direction of effects depends on soil depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Osei
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hugues Titeux
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Miren del Río
- Forest Research Centre, INIA, CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7’5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kamil Bielak
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felipe Bravo
- iuFOR- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid – INIA, Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Catherine Collet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Corentin Cools
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornelis
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lars Drössler
- Forest Research and Competence Center Gotha, ThüringenForst AÖR, Jägerstraße 1, 99867 Gotha, Germany
| | - Michael Heym
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Magnus Löf
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yasmina Najib
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arne Nothdurft
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maciej Pach
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29-listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Quentin Ponette
- UCLouvain – Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 Box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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19
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González-Pérez A, Álvarez-Esteban R, Penas Á, del Río S. Bioclimatic Characterisation of Specific Native Californian Pinales and Their Future Suitability under Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1966. [PMID: 37653883 PMCID: PMC10224251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns under climate change scenarios are accelerating the depletion of soil moisture and increasing the risk of drought, disrupting the conditions that many plant species need to survive. This study aims to establish the bioclimatic characterisation, both qualitative and quantitative, of ten native Californian Pinales for the period 1980-2019, and to determine their habitat suitability by 2050. To achieve this, an exhaustive search of the Gbif database for records of ten conifer taxa was carried out. To conduct the bioclimatic characterisation of the studied taxa, we worked with the monthly values of average temperature and precipitation for the period 1980-2019 from 177 meteorological stations. Linear regressions was performed in order to compile the future evolution of California's climate. Suitable areas and optimal areas were defined at the present time (1980-2019) and its future projection (2050). We applied Boolean logic and, in this investigation, the Conditional Logic Operator (CON) was used to determine the possible species presence (one) or absence (zero) for each of the 15 variables analysed. In general, most of the conifers studied here will experience a reduction in their habitat range in California by the year 2050 due to climate change, as well as the displacement of species towards optimal areas. Furthermore, the results have highlighted the applicability of bioclimatology to future conditions under climate change. This will aid conservation managers in implementing strategic measures to ameliorate the detrimental impacts of climate change, thereby ensuring the ecological integrity and sustainability of the affected conifer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Pérez
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany Area), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ramón Álvarez-Esteban
- Department of Economics and Statistics (Statistics and Operations Research Area), Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Ángel Penas
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany Area), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, Mountain Livestock Institute CSIC-UNILEON, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.P.); (S.d.R.)
| | - Sara del Río
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany Area), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, Mountain Livestock Institute CSIC-UNILEON, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.P.); (S.d.R.)
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20
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Chisholm RA, Dutta Gupta T. A critical assessment of the biodiversity-productivity relationship in forests and implications for conservation. Oecologia 2023; 201:887-900. [PMID: 36977811 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether biodiversity conservation and carbon conservation can be synergistic hinges on the form of the biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR), a fundamental ecological pattern. The stakes are particularly high when it comes to forests, which at a global level comprises a large fraction of both biodiversity and carbon. And yet, in forests, the BPR is relatively poorly understood. In this review, we critically evaluate research on forest BPRs, focussing on the experimental and observational studies of the last 2 decades. We find general support for a positive forest BPR, suggesting that biodiversity and carbon conservation are synergistic to a degree. However, we identify several major caveats: (i) although, on average, productivity may increase with biodiversity, the highest-yielding forests are often monocultures of very productive species; (ii) productivity typically saturates at fewer than ten species; (iii) positive BPRs can be driven by some third variable, in particular stem density, instead of a causal arrow from biodiversity to productivity; (iv) the BPR's sign and magnitude varies across spatial grains and extents, and it may be weak at scales relevant to conservation; and (v) most productivity estimates in forests are associated with large errors. We conclude by explaining the importance of these caveats for both conservation programmes focussed on protection of existing forests and conservation programmes focussed on restoring or replanting forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Chisholm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Tanvi Dutta Gupta
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Bass Biology Building, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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21
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Kohyama TI, Sheil D, Sun IF, Niiyama K, Suzuki E, Hiura T, Nishimura N, Hoshizaki K, Wu SH, Chao WC, Nur Hajar ZS, Rahajoe JS, Kohyama TS. Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1113. [PMID: 36914632 PMCID: PMC10011560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their fundamental importance the links between forest productivity, diversity and climate remain contentious. We consider whether variation in productivity across climates reflects adjustment among tree species and individuals, or changes in tree community structure. We analysed data from 60 plots of humid old-growth forests spanning mean annual temperatures (MAT) from 2.0 to 26.6 °C. Comparing forests at equivalent aboveground biomass (160 Mg C ha-1), tropical forests ≥24 °C MAT averaged more than double the aboveground woody productivity of forests <12 °C (3.7 ± 0.3 versus 1.6 ± 0.1 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). Nonetheless, species with similar standing biomass and maximum stature had similar productivity across plots regardless of temperature. We find that differences in the relative contribution of smaller- and larger-biomass species explained 86% of the observed productivity differences. Species-rich tropical forests are more productive than other forests due to the high relative productivity of many short-stature, small-biomass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo I Kohyama
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan. .,Center for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan. .,Department of Ecosystem Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Center for International Forestry Research, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16115, Indonesia.,Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and Sustainability, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Kaoru Niiyama
- Department of Forest Vegetation, Forest and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Eizi Suzuki
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 100060, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 600355, Taiwan
| | - Zamah S Nur Hajar
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, 52109, Malaysia
| | - Joeni S Rahajoe
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Takashi S Kohyama
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Iacopetti G, Selvi F, Bussotti F, Pollastrini M, Jucker T, Bouriaud O. Tree diversity and identity modulate the growth response of thermophilous deciduous forests to climate warming. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Iacopetti
- Dept of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Univ. of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Federico Selvi
- Dept of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Univ. of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Dept of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Univ. of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Dept of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Univ. of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- Laboratoire de l'Inventaire Forestier, Inst. National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière Nancy France
- Univ. Stefan cel Mare of Suceava Suceava Romania
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23
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Shen Y, Li J, Chen F, Cheng R, Xiao W, Wu L, Zeng L. Correlations between forest soil quality and aboveground vegetation characteristics in Hunan Province, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009109. [PMID: 36570916 PMCID: PMC9768340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, soil interacts directly with aboveground vegetation. Evaluating soil quality is therefore of great significance to comprehensively explore the interaction mechanism of this association. The purpose of this study was to fully understand the characteristics of aboveground vegetation, soil quality, and their potential coupling relationship among different forest types in Hunan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanisms underlying soil-vegetation interactions in central China. We have set up sample plots of five kinds of forests (namely broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, bamboo forest, and shrub forest) in Hunan Province. To explore the differences of vegetation characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties among the five stand types, variance analysis, principal component analysis, and regression analysis were used. Finally, we explored the coupling relationship between soil quality and aboveground vegetation characteristics of each forest. We found that there were significant differences in soil quality among the forest types, ranked as follows: shrub forest > bamboo forest > broad-leaved forest > mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest > coniferous forest. In general, there was a negative correlation between vegetation richness and soil quality in the broad-leaved forest and the shrub forest, but they showed a positive correlation in the coniferous forest, the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, and the bamboo forest. As a necessary habitat condition for aboveground vegetation, soil directly determines the survival and prosperity of plant species. These results indicated that for vegetation-soil dynamics in a strong competitive environment, as one aspect wanes the other waxes. However, in a weak competitive environment, the adverse relationship between vegetation and soil is less pronounced and their aspects can promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shen
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lichao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Haberstroh S, Werner C. The role of species interactions for forest resilience to drought. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1098-1107. [PMID: 35312142 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing durations and frequencies of droughts under climate change endanger the sustainable functioning of forests worldwide. The admixture of species with complementary resource use may increase the resilience of forests towards drought; however, little is known about modifications of species interactions (i.e. facilitation and competition) by increasing drought severity in mixed forests. In particular, knowledge on the regulation of central ecohydrological processes, such as tree water fluxes, is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to assess the impact of species interactions on tree resilience (resistance + recovery) under increasing drought severity. The classification of studies into three drought classes suggested that beneficial species interactions, i.e. through improved water relations, were prevalent under mild droughts. However, with increasing drought, negative effects, such as interspecific competition, occurred. These negative interactions were prominent under extreme droughts, where even trees with complementary resource-use strategies competed for water resources. Fewer data are available on recovery of water fluxes. The limited evidence supported the patterns observed for drought resistance, with facilitation and complementarity of species in mixtures enhancing tree recovery after moderate droughts. However, after extreme droughts, competition effects and reduced recovery for some species were observed, which can strongly compromise tree resilience. While we acknowledge the importance of mixed forests for biodiversity, ecosystem services or pest resistance, we caution that beneficial species interactions may shift under extreme droughts. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate species interaction effects on resilience in more depth to adapt forest trees to increasing drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Gillerot L, Landuyt D, Oh R, Chow W, Haluza D, Ponette Q, Jactel H, Bruelheide H, Jaroszewicz B, Scherer-Lorenzen M, De Frenne P, Muys B, Verheyen K. Forest structure and composition alleviate human thermal stress. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:7340-7352. [PMID: 36062391 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change aggravates human health hazards posed by heat stress. Forests can locally mitigate this by acting as strong thermal buffers, yet potential mediation by forest ecological characteristics remains underexplored. We report over 14 months of hourly microclimate data from 131 forest plots across four European countries and compare these to open-field controls using physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) to reflect human thermal perception. Forests slightly tempered cold extremes, but the strongest buffering occurred under very hot conditions (PET >35°C), where forests reduced strong to extreme heat stress day occurrence by 84.1%. Mature forests cooled the microclimate by 12.1 to 14.5°C PET under, respectively, strong and extreme heat stress conditions. Even young plantations reduced those conditions by 10°C PET. Forest structure strongly modulated the buffering capacity, which was enhanced by increasing stand density, canopy height and canopy closure. Tree species composition had a more modest yet significant influence: that is, strongly shade-casting, small-leaved evergreen species amplified cooling. Tree diversity had little direct influences, though indirect effects through stand structure remain possible. Forests in general, both young and mature, are thus strong thermal stress reducers, but their cooling potential can be even further amplified, given targeted (urban) forest management that considers these new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Gillerot
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Rachel Oh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winston Chow
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela Haluza
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hervé Jactel
- Biogeco, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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26
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Dimitrova A, Csilléry K, Klisz M, Lévesque M, Heinrichs S, Cailleret M, Andivia E, Madsen P, Böhenius H, Cvjetkovic B, De Cuyper B, de Dato G, Ferus P, Heinze B, Ivetić V, Köbölkuti Z, Lazarević J, Lazdina D, Maaten T, Makovskis K, Milovanović J, Monteiro AT, Nonić M, Place S, Puchalka R, Montagnoli A. Risks, benefits, and knowledge gaps of non-native tree species in Europe. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.908464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing ecosystem conditions and diverse socio-economical events have contributed to an ingrained presence of non-native tree species (NNTs) in the natural and cultural European landscapes. Recent research endeavors have focused on different aspects of NNTs such as legislation, benefits, and risks for forestry, emphasizing that large knowledge gaps remain. As an attempt to fulfill part of these gaps, within the PEN-CAFoRR COST Action (CA19128) network, we established an open-access questionnaire that allows both academic experts and practitioners to provide information regarding NNTs from 20 European countries. Then, we integrated the data originating from the questionnaire, related to the country-based assessment of both peer-reviewed and grey literature, with information from available datasets (EUFORGEN and EU-Forest), which gave the main structure to the study and led to a mixed approach review. Finally, our study provided important insights into the current state of knowledge regarding NNTs. In particular, we highlighted NNTs that have shown to be less commonly addressed in research, raising caution about those characterized by an invasive behavior and used for specific purposes (e.g., wood production, soil recultivation, afforestation, and reforestation). NNTs were especially explored in the context of resilient and adaptive forest management. Moreover, we emphasized the assisted and natural northward migration of NNTs as another underscored pressing issue, which needs to be addressed by joint efforts, especially in the context of the hybridization potential. This study represents an additional effort toward the knowledge enhancement of the NNTs situation in Europe, aiming for a continuously active common source deriving from interprofessional collaboration.
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27
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Wei B, Zhong L, Liu J, Zheng F, Jin Y, Xie Y, Lei Z, Shen G, Yu M. Differences in Density Dependence among Tree Mycorrhizal Types Affect Tree Species Diversity and Relative Growth Rates. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182340. [PMID: 36145742 PMCID: PMC9505969 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) may vary by tree mycorrhizal type. However, whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated tree species suffer from stronger CNDD than ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM)-associated tree species at different tree life stages, and whether EcM tree species can promote AM and ErM saplings and adults growth, remain to be studied. Based on the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest data in eastern China, the generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effects of the conspecific density and heterospecific density grouped by symbiont mycorrhizal type on different tree life stages of different tree mycorrhizal types. The results showed that compared to other tree mycorrhizal types at the same growth stage, EcM saplings and AM adults experienced stronger CNDD. Heterospecific EcM density had a stronger positive effect on AM and ErM individuals. Species diversity and average relative growth rate (RGR) first increased and then decreased with increasing basal area (BA) ratios of EcM to AM tree species. These results suggested that the stronger CNDD of EcM saplings and AM adults favored local species diversity over other tree mycorrhizal types. The EcM tree species better facilitated the growth of AM and ErM tree species in the neighborhood, increasing the forest carbon sink rate. Interestingly, species diversity and average RGR decreased when EcM or AM tree species predominated. Therefore, our study highlights that manipulating the BA ratio of EcM to AM tree species will play a nonnegligible role in maintaining biodiversity and increasing forest carbon sink rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangdong Zheng
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Yi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuchu Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zupei Lei
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88206469
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del Río M, Pretzsch H, Ruiz‐Peinado R, Jactel H, Coll L, Löf M, Aldea J, Ammer C, Avdagić A, Barbeito I, Bielak K, Bravo F, Brazaitis G, Cerný J, Collet C, Condés S, Drössler L, Fabrika M, Heym M, Holm S, Hylen G, Jansons A, Kurylyak V, Lombardi F, Matović B, Metslaid M, Motta R, Nord‐Larsen T, Nothdurft A, den Ouden J, Pach M, Pardos M, Poeydebat C, Ponette Q, Pérot T, Reventlow DOJ, Sitko R, Sramek V, Steckel M, Svoboda M, Verheyen K, Vospernik S, Wolff B, Zlatanov T, Bravo‐Oviedo A. Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miren del Río
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), INIA, CSIC, Ctra Madrid Spain
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | | | - Hervé Jactel
- NRAE University of Bordeaux, Biogeco Cestas France
| | - Lluís Coll
- EAGROF University of Lleida Lleida Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC‐AGROTECNIO‐CERCA Solsona Spain
| | - Magnus Löf
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Lomma Sweden
| | - Jorge Aldea
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Lomma Sweden
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the temperate zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Admir Avdagić
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the temperate zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Ignacio Barbeito
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Kamil Bielak
- Institute of Forest Sciences Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Felipe Bravo
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute (iuFOR) University of Valladolid Palencia Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i al CSIC Gestión Forestal Sostenible
| | | | - Jakub Cerný
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute Jílovište Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Collet
- Université de Lorraine AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva Nancy France
| | | | - Lars Drössler
- School of Natural Science and Engineering, Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Marek Fabrika
- Technical University in Zvolen Faculty of Forestry Zvolen Slovakia
| | - Michael Heym
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | | | - Gro Hylen
- NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Ås Norway
| | - Aris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava Salaspils Latvia
| | | | - Fabio Lombardi
- AGRARIA Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Bratislav Matović
- University of Novi Sad Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment Novi Sad Serbia
- University of East Sarajevo Faculty of Agriculture, East Sarajevo Republika Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marek Metslaid
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | | | | | - Arne Nothdurft
- Department of Forest‐ and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Wageningen University of Environmental Sciences Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Maciej Pach
- Faculty of Forestry University of Agriculture in Krakow Kraków Poland
| | - Marta Pardos
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), INIA, CSIC, Ctra Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Tomas Pérot
- INRAE – UR EFNO ‐ Centre de recherche Val de Loire Nogent‐Sur‐Vernisson France
| | | | - Roman Sitko
- Technical University in Zvolen Faculty of Forestry Zvolen Slovakia
| | - Vit Sramek
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute Jílovište Czech Republic
| | | | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Sonja Vospernik
- Department of Forest‐ and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Wolff
- Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (HNEE), FG Waldinventur und Planung Eberswalde Germany
| | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
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Morikawa Y, Hayashi S, Negishi Y, Masuda C, Watanabe M, Watanabe K, Masaka K, Matsuo A, Suzuki M, Tada C, Seiwa K. Relationship between the vertical distribution of fine roots and residual soil nitrogen along a gradient of hardwood mixture in a conifer plantation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:993-1004. [PMID: 35590479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In forest ecosystems, understanding the relationship between the vertical distribution of fine roots and residual soil nitrogen is essential for clarifying the diversity-productivity-water purification relationship. Vertical distributions of fine-root biomass (FRB) and concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 -N) in soil water were investigated in a conifer plantation with three thinning intensities (Control, Weak and Intensive), in which hardwood abundance and diversity were low, moderate and high, respectively. Intensive thinning led to the lowest NO3 -N concentration in soil water at all depths (0-100 cm) and highest FRB at shallow depths (0-50 cm). The NO3 -N concentration at a given depth was negatively correlated with total FRB from the surface to the depth at which NO3 -N concentration was measured, especially at shallow depths, indicating that more abundant fine roots led to lower levels of downward NO3 -N leaching. FRB contributed positively to nitrogen content of hardwood leaves. These findings demonstrate that a hardwood mixture in conifer plantations resulted in sufficient uptake of NO3 -N from soil by well developed fine-root systems, and translocation to canopy foliage. This study suggests that productivity and water purification can be achieved through a hardwood mixture in conifer plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumena Morikawa
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Environmental Impact Assessment Section, Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Yuki Negishi
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Chie Masuda
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Mirai Watanabe
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Watanabe
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama, 347-0115, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Masaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ayumu Matsuo
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Masanori Suzuki
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Kenji Seiwa
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
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30
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Oliveira BF, Moore FC, Dong X. Biodiversity mediates ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability. Commun Biol 2022; 5:628. [PMID: 35761028 PMCID: PMC9237054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rich body of evidence from local-scale experiments and observational studies has revealed stabilizing effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. However, whether these effects emerge across entire regions and continents remains largely overlooked. Here we combine data on the distribution of more than 57,500 plant species and remote-sensing observations throughout the entire Western Hemisphere to investigate the role of multiple facets of plant diversity (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in mediating the sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability at the regional-scale over the past 20 years. We show that, across multiple biomes, regions of greater plant diversity exhibit lower sensitivity (more stable over time) to temperature variability at the interannual and seasonal-scales. While these areas can display lower sensitivity to interannual variability in precipitation, they emerge as highly sensitive to precipitation seasonality. Conserving landscapes of greater diversity may help stabilize ecosystem functioning under climate change, possibly securing the continuous provisions of productivity-related ecosystem service to people. With the help of spatial autoregressive models, the relationship between multiple facets of plant biodiversity and ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability is explored on a landscape-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno F Oliveira
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), FRB, Montpellier, France.
| | - Frances C Moore
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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31
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Assessment of the Morphological Pattern of the Lebanon Cedar under Changing Climate: The Mediterranean Case. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of climate change on species can influence the delicate balance in ecosystems. For this reason, conservation planning needs to take account of connectivity and the related ecological processes within the framework of climate change. In this study, we focus on the change in the ecological connectivity of the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.), which is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, particularly in the Amanus and Taurus Mountains. To this end, we evaluated the changes in spatial units providing connectivity in the potential and future distributions of the species through ecological niche modelling, morphological spatial pattern analysis, and landscape metrics. The results suggest that the species is moving to the northeast. According to the future projections, we predict that the potential habitat suitability of the species will shrink significantly and that, in the case of pessimistic scenarios, the extent of the suitable habitats will decrease, particularly in the western and central Taurus Mountain chains. A comparison of potential and future cores indicates that there will be a slight increase under the RCP 4.5 2050 scenario, whereas core areas will decrease in the RCP 4.5 2070, RCP 8.5 2050, and RCP 8.5 2070 scenarios. In addition, it is predicted that bridges would increase in the RCP 4.5 2070 and RCP 8.5 2050 scenarios but decrease in other scenarios.
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32
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Xiang Y, Li Y, Luo X, Liu Y, Huang P, Yao B, Zhang L, Li W, Xue J, Gao H, Li Y, Zhang W. Mixed plantations enhance more soil organic carbon stocks than monocultures across China: Implication for optimizing afforestation/reforestation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153449. [PMID: 35093345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forests play an essential role in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The establishment of mixed plantations is a promising way to store carbon (C) in soil compared with monocultures. However, monoculture forests largely dominate the rapid increase in forest areas in China. To optimize afforestation strategies and maximize the subsequent potential of C sequestration, we conducted a meta-analysis with 427 observations across 176 study sites in China. The goal was to quantify changes in the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in mixed plantations compared with monocultures and to identify the predominant drivers for the stocks of SOC, including geological location, climatic factors, land use history, edaphic properties, plantation age, the inclusion of nitrogen-fixing trees, mixing proportion, and mixed plant types. The results showed that mixed plantations significantly increased the SOC stocks by 12% compared with monocultures, and the mixing proportion should not exceed 55% to produce higher SOC stocks in mixed plantations compared with monoculture. Additionally, mixed plantations in barren land are the most likely to increase the SOC stocks with limited water or low temperatures for growth. Additional measures instead of mixed plantations should be explored to increase SOC stocks in north, central, and northwest China. The data from this study demonstrated the spatiotemporal variability on the storage of SOC driven by mixed trees and has valuable implications for the establishment and management of afforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhou Xiang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China; Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xuqiang Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China.
| | - Leiyi Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Saibei Forest Farm, Zhangjiakou City, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jianming Xue
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd. (Scion), Scion 8440, New Zealand
| | - Hongjuan Gao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Forestry Administration Dunhuang Desert Ecosystem Location Research Station, Dunhuang 736200, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
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33
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Is There Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Response of Plant Canopy and Trunk Growth to Climate Change in a Typical River Basin of Arid Areas. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The response of plants to climate change has become a topical issue. However, there is no consensus on the synergistic processes of the canopy and trunk growth within different vegetation types, or on the consistency of the response of the canopy and trunk to climate change. This paper is based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree-ring width index (TRW) and climate data from the Irtysh River basin, a sensitive area for climate change in Central Asia. Spatial statistical methods and correlation analysis were used to analyze the spatial and temporal trends of plants and climate, and to reveal the differences in the canopy and trunk response mechanisms to climate within different vegetation types. The results show a warming and humidifying trend between 1982 and 2015 in the study area, and NDVI and TRW increases in different vegetation type zones. On an interannual scale, temperature is the main driver of the canopy growth in alpine areas and precipitation is the main limiting factor for the canopy growth in lower altitude valley and desert areas. The degree of response of the trunk to climatic factors decreases with increasing altitude, and TRW is significantly correlated with mean annual temperature, precipitation and SPEI in desert areas. On a monthly scale, the earlier and longer growing season due to the accumulation of temperature and precipitation in the early spring and late autumn periods contributes to two highly significant trends of increase in the canopy from March to May and August to October. Climatic conditions during the growing season are the main limiting factor for the growth of the trunk, but there is considerable variation in the driving of the trunk in different vegetation type zones. The canopy growth is mainly influenced by climatic factors in the current month, while there is a 1–2-month lag effect in the response of the trunk to climatic factors. In addition, the synergy between the canopy and the trunk is gradually weakened with increasing altitude (correlation coefficient is 0.371 in alpine areas, 0.413 in valley areas and 0.583 in desert areas). These findings help to enrich the understanding of the response mechanisms to climate change in different vegetation type zones and provide a scientific basis for the development of climate change response measures in Central Asia.
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Searle EB, Chen HYH, Paquette A. Higher tree diversity is linked to higher tree mortality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2013171119. [PMID: 35500110 PMCID: PMC9171344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013171119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining the relationship between tree diversity and ecosystem functioning has been a recent focus of forest ecology. Particular emphasis has been given to the impact of tree diversity on productivity and to its potential to mitigate negative global change effects; however, little attention has been paid to tree mortality. This is critical because both tree mortality and productivity underpin forest ecosystem dynamics and therefore forest carbon sequestration. Neglecting tree mortality leaves a large part of the picture undocumented. Here we show that increasingly diverse forest stands have increasingly high mortality probabilities. We found that the most species-rich stands in temperate biomes had mortality probabilities more than sevenfold higher than monospecific stands (∼0.6% year−1 in monospecific stands to 4.0% year−1 in the most species-rich stands) while in boreal stands increases were less pronounced but still significant (∼1.1% year−1 in monospecific stands to 1.8% year−1 in the most species-rich stands). Tree species richness was the third-most-important predictor of mortality in our models in temperate forests and the fifth-most-important predictor in boreal forests. Our results highlight that while the promotion of tree diversity undoubtedly has many positive effects on ecosystem functioning and the services that trees provide to humanity, it remains important to consider all aspects of forest dynamics in order to properly predict the implications of maintaining and promoting tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Searle
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1
| | - Alain Paquette
- Département des sciences biologiques, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8
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35
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Long-Term Productivity of Monospecific and Mixed Oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) Stands in Germany: Growth Dynamics and the Effect of Stand Structure. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wood production is one of the most important ecosystem service that forests provide to society. However, under changing climatic conditions, this appears to be subject to increasing uncertainties. In the present study we analyzed how long-term productivity of oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) stands has developed, how oak behaved on tree and stand level depending on the stand structure and which trade-offs can be observed. For the analyses, data from 147 long-term monospecific and mixed stands were investigated, which have been regularly recorded since 1898. Firstly, long-term stand productivity has increased up to 21% until 2020 as compared to 1960. This trend was observed for both, monospecific as well as mixed oak stands. Secondly, stand productivity was on average 19% higher in mixed compared to monospecific oak stands. This superiority can be explained by higher stand densities, a vigorous understory and the admixture of beech in particular. With increasing age, the observed positive effect of stand density was higher. Thirdly, individual oak productivity slowed down under interspecific competition, especially in young to mid-aged stands. In this context, the productivity of individual oaks depended strongly on their social position within the stand. Fourthly, in terms of growth partitioning larger trees contributed most in young oak stands, regardless of mixture. In order to preserve oak as a productive component of future mixed forests, the results suggest a silvicultural promotion of oak. Consistent management of dominant and vital oaks can achieve high productive trees while maintaining the positive characteristics of highly structured and mixed forests. A vigorous secondary stand can increase overall stand productivity at lower densities and allows silvicultural flexibility at the stand level. Creating vertical stand structure to reduce competition has only a limited positive effect on productivity of individual oaks that is highly related to its social status. Special attention should still be paid to beech as admixed tree species, which can continue to crowd oak even at higher stand ages.
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36
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Hajek P, Link RM, Nock CA, Bauhus J, Gebauer T, Gessler A, Kovach K, Messier C, Paquette A, Saurer M, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Rose L, Schuldt B. Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3365-3378. [PMID: 35246895 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change-type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought-induced tree mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, the importance of two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how the local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk. Following the most extreme global change-type drought since record in 2018, one third of these trees died. Across species, hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) were negatively and a shift towards a higher sugar fraction in the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with mortality risk. Moreover, trees infested by bark beetles had a higher mortality risk, and taller trees a lower mortality risk. Most neighborhood interactions were beneficial, although neighborhood effects were highly species-specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. and Betula spp., tended to increase the survival probability of their neighbors and vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks the final stage of drought-induced tree mortality, we show that hydraulic failure is interrelated with a series of other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts in NSC pools driven by osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well as pest infestation and are modulated by the size and species identity of a tree and its neighbors. A more holistic view that accounts for multiple causes of drought-induced tree mortality is required to improve predictions of trends in global forest dynamics and to identify mutually beneficial species combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman M Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Kovach
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT), Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
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37
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Yan G, Wang Q, Han S, Guo Z, Yu J, Wang W, Fan C, Cao W, Wang L, Xing Y, Zhang Z. Beneficial effects of warming on temperate tree carbon storage depend on precipitation and mycorrhizal types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153086. [PMID: 35038543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence from multiple observation data sets and numerical model simulations that interactions between biotic and abiotic factors control tree carbon (C) storage in the Northern Hemisphere, it remains unclear whether the effect of one factor will be altered by other factors. Here, we used forest inventory data consisting of more than 500,000 trees from 1910 plots to explore the relative importance of these drivers of plant C storage in northeast China. We found that tree C storage was significantly positively associated with mean annual temperature (MAT). After controlling for the role of mean annual precipitation (MAP), directionality in the tree C storage-MAT relationship reversed, indicating that the direction of MAT affecting tree C storage depends on MAP. Accounting for the effects of tree-fungal symbioses on plant resistance to drought and warming, we found that warming increased AM tree C storage even after controlling the role of MAP, but decreased EcM tree C storage after controlling the role of MAP. Our analysis also shows that species richness, especially the relative richness of AM tree species, had a significantly positive relationship with all types of tree C storage. Our findings have implications for improving temperate forest C sink and afforestation strategies: the increasing richness of AM trees has the potential to enhance the tree C sink and reduce the sensitivity of warming-induced tree growth benefits to changes in precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Qinggui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhongling Guo
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chunnan Fan
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yajuan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Hajek P, Link RM, Nock CA, Bauhus J, Gebauer T, Gessler A, Kovach K, Messier C, Paquette A, Saurer M, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Rose L, Schuldt B. Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3365-3378. [PMID: 35246895 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.17.423038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change-type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought-induced tree mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, the importance of two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how the local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees of 12 temperate species planted in a diversity experiment in 2013 to assess how hydraulic traits, carbon dynamics, pest infestation, tree height and neighborhood competition influence individual mortality risk. Following the most extreme global change-type drought since record in 2018, one third of these trees died. Across species, hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) were negatively and a shift towards a higher sugar fraction in the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with mortality risk. Moreover, trees infested by bark beetles had a higher mortality risk, and taller trees a lower mortality risk. Most neighborhood interactions were beneficial, although neighborhood effects were highly species-specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. and Betula spp., tended to increase the survival probability of their neighbors and vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks the final stage of drought-induced tree mortality, we show that hydraulic failure is interrelated with a series of other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts in NSC pools driven by osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well as pest infestation and are modulated by the size and species identity of a tree and its neighbors. A more holistic view that accounts for multiple causes of drought-induced tree mortality is required to improve predictions of trends in global forest dynamics and to identify mutually beneficial species combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman M Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Kovach
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT), Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Würzburg, Germany
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Mixed Forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla Modulating Soil Fauna Diversity and Improving Faunal Effect on Litter Decomposition. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This research performed a comparison study to investigate how mixed forest affects the abundance, groups, and diversity of soil fauna and the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition. We comparatively studied two forests, Larix principis-rupprechtii forest (LF) and mixed Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla forest (MF), which hold 30 years of stand age and are the representative forests in the mountainous area of northwestern Hebei, China. The field experiments were conducted from May to November 2020, with soil fauna and litter samples taken every one and a half months. A total of 540 soil samples (replicated samples, 3) were collected in each forest and the soil faunas were extracted from the samples by Tullgren methods in laboratory. Litter samples were incubated separately in the sampled forests using litterbags with two mesh sizes (0.01 and 4 mm) to observe the decomposition rate. In total, 2958 (inds.) soil faunas belonging to 4 phyla, 11 classes, and 20 orders, were found, with Acarina (1079/2958; 36.48%) and Collembola (1080/2958; 36.51%) being the dominant groups. The total abundance of soil fauna in the MF (1581 inds.) was higher than that in the LF (1377 inds.), and the significantly more abundant predatory functional group in the MF (p < 0.05) may indicate a more complex soil fauna food web structure. Comparatively, the higher Shannon–Wiener index (1.42–1.74) and Pielou evenness index (0.58–0.71) and the lower Simpson dominance index (0.22–0.32) in the MF suggested that the MF promoted the soil fauna diversity. The cumulative litter decomposition rate of litterbags with 4 mm aperture in the MF (54.52% in 300 days) was higher than that in the LF (32.81% in 300 days). Moreover, the litter decomposition rate was positively correlated with the total abundance and the number of groups, and was negatively with the Simpson dominance index, implying that the soil fauna activity effectively improved litter decomposition in the MF. Via the comparison, we found that the mixture of plant species in the forest can modulate the soil fauna diversity and accelerate the litter decomposition. The results in this study may provide an interesting reference for forest restoration and sustainable management.
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Liu J, Burgess KS, Ge X. Species pool size and rainfall account for the relationship between biodiversity and biomass production in natural forests of China. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8838. [PMID: 35475188 PMCID: PMC9022444 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of biodiversity–biomass production relationships increases with increasing environmental stress and time. However, we know little about the effects of abiotic (e.g., climate) and biotic (e.g., species pool and community composition) factors on this trend. Whether variation in biomass production is best explained by phylogenetic diversity metrics or traditional measures of species richness also remains elusive. We compiled estimates of community composition and biomass production for tree species in 111 permanent quadrats spanning three natural forests (tropical, subtropical, and temperate) in China. Based on ~10 years of data, we compared temperature, rainfall, species pool size, and community composition in each forest each year. We estimated species richness and phylogenetic diversity in each quadrat each year; the latter metric was based on the sum of branch lengths of a phylogeny that connects species in each quadrat each year. Using generalized linear mixed‐effect models, we found that top‐ranked models included the interaction between forest and biodiversity and the interaction between forest and year for both biodiversity metrics. Variation in biomass production was best explained by phylogenetic diversity; biomass production generally increased with phylogenetic diversity, and the relationship was stronger in subtropical and temperate forests. Increasing species pool size, temperature, and rainfall and decreasing inter‐quadrat dissimilarity range shifted the relationship between biomass production and phylogenetic diversity from positive to neutral. When considered alone, species pool size had the strongest influence on biomass production, while species pool size, rainfall, and their interaction with phylogenetic diversity constituted the top‐ranked model. Our study highlights the importance of species pool size and rainfall on the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and biomass production in natural forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of Biology Columbus State University, University System of Georgia Columbus Georgia USA
| | - Xue‐Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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Osei R, del Río M, Ruiz-Peinado R, Titeux H, Bielak K, Bravo F, Collet C, Cools C, Cornelis JT, Drössler L, Heym M, Korboulewsky N, Löf M, Muys B, Najib Y, Nothdurft A, Pretzsch H, Skrzyszewski J, Ponette Q. The distribution of carbon stocks between tree woody biomass and soil differs between Scots pine and broadleaved species (beech, oak) in European forests. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH 2022; 141:467-480. [PMID: 35469155 PMCID: PMC9021361 DOI: 10.1007/s10342-022-01453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While the impacts of forest management options on carbon (C) storage are well documented, the way they affect C distribution among ecosystem components remains poorly investigated. Yet, partitioning of total forest C stocks, particularly between aboveground woody biomass and the soil, greatly impacts the stability of C stocks against disturbances in forest ecosystems. This study assessed the impact of species composition and stand density on C storage in aboveground woody biomass (stem + branches), coarse roots, and soil, and their partitioning in pure and mixed forests in Europe. We used 21 triplets (5 beech-oak, 8 pine-beech, 8 pine-oak mixed stands, and their respective monocultures at the same sites) in seven European countries. We computed biomass C stocks from total stand inventories and species-specific allometric equations, and soil organic C data down to 40 cm depth. On average, the broadleaved species stored more C in aboveground woody biomass than soil, while C storage in pine was equally distributed between both components. Stand density had a strong effect on C storage in tree woody biomass but not in the soil. After controlling for stand basal area, the mixed stands had, on average, similar total C stocks (in aboveground woody biomass + coarse roots + soil) to the most performing monocultures. Although species composition and stand density affect total C stocks and its partitioning between aboveground woody biomass and soil, a large part of variability in soil C storage was unrelated to stand characteristics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10342-022-01453-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Osei
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain–Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Miren del Río
- Forest Research Centre, INIA, CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7’5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- iuFOR- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid–INIA, Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado
- Forest Research Centre, INIA, CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7’5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- iuFOR- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid–INIA, Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Hugues Titeux
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain–Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kamil Bielak
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felipe Bravo
- iuFOR- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid–INIA, Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Catherine Collet
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Corentin Cools
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain–Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornelis
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lars Drössler
- School of Natural Science and Medicine, Ilia State University, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/5, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael Heym
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Magnus Löf
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yasmina Najib
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain–Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arne Nothdurft
- Institute of Forest Growth, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jerzy Skrzyszewski
- Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29-listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain–Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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42
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Müller S, Mitesser O, Oschwald L, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Potvin C. Temporal Soundscape Patterns in a Panamanian Tree Diversity Experiment: Polycultures Show an Increase in High Frequency Cover. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.808589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this ecoacoustic study we used the setting of a tropical tree diversity planted forest to analyze temporal patterns in the composition of soundscapes and to test the effects of tree species richness on associated biodiversity measured as acoustic diversity. The analysis of soundscapes offers easy, rapid and sustainable methods when assessing biodiversity. During the last years the quantification of regional or global acoustic variability in sounds and the analysis of different soundscapes has been evolving into an important tool for biodiversity conservation, especially since case studies confirmed a relationship between land-use management, forest structure and acoustic diversity. Here we analyzed soundscapes from two seasons (dry and rainy season) and aurally inspected a subset of audio recordings to describe temporal patterns in soundscape composition. Several acoustic indices were calculated and we performed a correlation analysis and a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis to identify acoustic indices that: (i) were complementary to each other and such represented different aspects of the local soundscapes and (ii) related most strongly to differences in acoustic composition among tree species richness, season and day phase. Thus, we chose “High Frequency Cover,” “Bioacoustic Index,” and “Events Per Second” to test the hypothesis that acoustic diversity increases with increasing tree species richness. Monocultures differed significantly from polycultures during night recordings, with respect to High Frequency Cover. This index covers sounds above 8 kHz and thus represents part of the orthopteran community. We conclude that increasing tree species richness in a young tropical forest plantation had positive effects on the vocalizing communities. The strongest effects were found for acoustic activity of the orthopteran community. In contrast to birds, orthopterans have smaller home ranges, and are therefore important indicator species for small scale environmental conditions.
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43
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Manu R, Corre MD, Aleeje A, Mwanjalolo MJG, Babweteera F, Veldkamp E, van Straaten O. Responses of tree growth and biomass production to nutrient addition in a semi-deciduous tropical forest in Africa. Ecology 2022; 103:e3659. [PMID: 35129838 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence of nutrient limitations on primary productivity in Afrotropical forests is rare and globally underrepresented, yet are crucial for understanding constraints to terrestrial carbon uptake. In an ecosystem-scale nutrient manipulation experiment, we assessed the early responses of tree growth rates among different tree sizes, taxonomic species and at a community level in a humid tropical forest in Uganda. Following a full factorial design, we established 32 (eight treatments × four replicates) experimental plots of 40 m × 40 m each. We added nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), their combinations (NP, NK, PK, and NPK) and control at the rates of 125 kg N.ha-1 .yr-1 , 50 kg P.ha-1 .yr-1 and 50 kg K.ha-1 .yr-1 , split into four equal applications, and measured stem growth of more than 15,000 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm. After two years, the response of tree stem growth to nutrient additions was dependent on tree sizes, species and leaf habit but not community-wide. First, tree stem growth increased under N additions, primarily among medium-sized trees (10-30 cm DBH), and in trees of Lasiodiscus mildbraedii in the second year of the experiment. Second, K limitation was evident in semi-deciduous trees, which increased stem growth by 46% in +K than -K treatments, following a strong, prolonged dry season during the first year of the experiment. This highlights the key role of K in stomatal regulation and maintenance of water balance in trees, particularly under water-stressed conditions. Third, the role of P in promoting tree growth and carbon accumulation rates in this forest on highly weathered soils was rather not pronounced; nonetheless, mortality among saplings (1-5 cm DBH) was reduced by 30% in +P than in -P treatments. Although stem growth responses to nutrient interaction effects were positive or negative (likely depending on nutrient combinations and climate variability), our results underscore the fact that, in a highly diverse forest ecosystem, multiple nutrients and not one single nutrient regulate tree growth and aboveground carbon uptake due to varying nutrient requirements and acquisition strategies of different tree sizes, species and leaf habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Manu
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marife D Corre
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Aleeje
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Majaliwa J G Mwanjalolo
- Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climate Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.,Regional FORUM for capacity building in Agriculture-RUFORUM, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Babweteera
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.,Budongo Conservation Field Station, P.O. Box 362, Masindi, Uganda
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver van Straaten
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.,Johann Heinrich von Thuenen Institute, Institute for Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Eberswalde, Germany
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44
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Urgoiti J, Messier C, Keeton WS, Reich PB, Gravel D, Paquette A. No complementarity no gain-Net diversity effects on tree productivity occur once complementarity emerges during early stand development. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:851-862. [PMID: 35106898 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there is compelling evidence that tree diversity has an overall positive effect on forest productivity, there are important divergences among studies on the nature and strength of these diversity effects and their timing during forest stand development. To clarify conflicting results related to stand developmental stage, we explored how diversity effects on productivity change through time in a diversity experiment spanning 11 years. We show that the strength of diversity effects on productivity progressively increases through time, becoming significantly positive after 9 years. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strengthening of diversity effects is driven primarily by gradual increases in complementarity. We also show that mixing species with contrasting resource-acquisition strategies, and the dominance of deciduous, fast-developing species, promote positive diversity effects on productivity. Our results suggest that the canopy closure and subsequent stem exclusion phase are key for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Urgoiti
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Ripon, Québec, Canada
| | - William S Keeton
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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45
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Bebre I, Marques I, Annighöfer P. Biomass Allocation and Leaf Morphology of Saplings Grown under Various Conditions of Light Availability and Competition Types. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030305. [PMID: 35161289 PMCID: PMC8839049 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth is almost always limited by light availability and competition. However, plants are generally plastic and can change their morphology and biomass allocation to optimize growth under suboptimal conditions. We set up a controlled pot experiment with three light availability levels (10%, 20%, and 50%) to study the effect of light and competition on the biomass allocation and leaf morphology in monospecific and mixed pots of recently planted European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) saplings using a quantile regression model. Specific leaf area (SLA) showed the strongest reaction and increased with decreasing light availability. Woody aboveground mass fraction (AMF) increased with decreasing light availability, but the effect of light on biomass allocation was less pronounced than on SLA. The SLA, woody AMF, and root mass fraction (RMF) of the two conifer species and European beech varied greatly, with European beech having a higher SLA and RMF than the two conifer species. The associated effect of plant size on biomass allocation was small, and the strength of the association was not meaningful on a practical level. The competitor’s effect on biomass allocation was minor overall and only present for some species, suggesting that species’ functional dissimilarity does not greatly affect allocational patterns in early tree development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bebre
- Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Isa Marques
- Spatial Data Science and Statistical Learning, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Peter Annighöfer
- Forest and Agroforest Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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46
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Response of Poplar Leaf Transcriptome to Changed Management and Environmental Conditions in Pure and Mixed with Black Locust Stands. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mixed cropping in short rotation coppice can be an alternative to monocultures. To design optimized mixtures, field trials are needed. Poplar, as an economically important and fast-growing species, and black locust, as a nitrogen-fixing species, are promising candidates for such studies. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to monitor effects of mixed and pure cultivations on the gene expression of poplar along with growth measurements during 2017 and 2018. Both biomass production and leaf transcriptomes revealed a strong competition pressure of black locust and the abiotic environment on poplar trees. Gene expression differed between the two study sites and pure and mixed stands. Shading effects from black locust caused the downregulation of photosynthesis and upregulation of shade avoidance genes in mixed stands in 2017. As a result of higher light availability after cutting black locust, plant organ development genes were upregulated in mixed stands in 2018. Drought conditions during the summer of 2018 and competition for water between the two species caused the upregulation of drought stress response genes in mixed stands and at the unfavorable growing site. Further investigations are required to discover the mechanisms of interspecific competition and to develop stand designs, which could increase the success and productivity of mixed plantations.
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47
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Zhang S, Fang Y, Luo Y, Li Y, Ge T, Wang Y, Wang H, Yu B, Song X, Chen J, Zhou J, Li Y, Chang SX. Linking soil carbon availability, microbial community composition and enzyme activities to organic carbon mineralization of a bamboo forest soil amended with pyrogenic and fresh organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149717. [PMID: 34425443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite fresh and pyrogenic organic matter have been widely used as amendments to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, mineralization that links to C quality and soil temperature, microbial community composition and enzyme activity remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effects of amendments (bamboo leaves and its biochar) and incubation temperature on mineralization, and disentangle the relationships of SOC mineralization with chemical composition of SOC, labile organic C, microbial community composition, and activities of enzymes in a subtropical bamboo forest soil. Results showed that cumulative soil CO2 emissions ranked as bamboo leaf (Leaf) > bamboo leaf biochar (Biochar) > Control, regardless of the incubation temperature. Compared to the control, the Leaf treatment markedly increased, whereas the Biochar treatment decreased, the temperature sensitivity of SOC mineralization (P < 0.05). The cumulative soil CO2 emission was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with water-soluble organic C (WSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), O-alkyl C and alkyl C contents, and activities of β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, but negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with aromatic C content, regardless of the incubation temperature. This indicated that the lower SOC mineralization rate and lower temperature sensitivity in the Biochar (cf. Leaf) treatment were intimately associated with the lower WSOC, MBC, O-alkyl C content, and β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase activities, and higher aromatic C content in the Biochar. The high relative abundance of bacteria relating SOC mineralization included Rhizobiales, Sphingobacteriales and JG30-KF-AS9, whereas that of fungi included Eurotiales, Sordariales, Agaricales and Helotiales. Our results revealed that the application of pyrogenic organic matter, as compared to the application of fresh organic matter, can reduce SOC mineralization and its temperature sensitivity in a subtropical forest soil by limiting the availability of C and microbial activity, and thus has a great potential for maintaining soil carbon stock in subtropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yunying Fang
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tida Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiashu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
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Quantifying Crown Morphology of Mixed Pine-Oak Forests Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13234955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed forests make up the majority of natural forests, and they are conducive to improving the resilience and resistance of forest ecosystems. Moreover, it is in the crown of the trees where the effect of inter- and intra-specific interaction between them is evident. However, our knowledge of changes in crown morphology caused by density, competition, and mixture of specific species is still limited. Here, we provide insight on stand structural complexity based on the study of four response crown variables (Maximum Crown Width Height, MCWH; Crown Base Height, CBH; Crown Volume, CV; and Crown Projection Area, CPA) derived from multiple terrestrial laser scans. Data were obtained from six permanent plots in Northern Spain comprising of two widespread species across Europe; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). A total of 193 pines and 256 oaks were extracted from the point cloud. Correlation test were conducted (ρ ≥ 0.9) and finally eleven independent variables for each target tree were calculated and categorized into size, density, competition and mixture, which was included as a continuous variable. Linear and non-linear multiple regressions were used to fit models to the four crown variables and the best models were selected according to the lowest AIC Index and biological sense. Our results provide evidence for species plasticity to diverse neighborhoods and show complementarity between pines and oaks in mixtures, where pines have higher MCWH and CBH than oaks but lower CV and CPA, contrary to oaks. The species complementarity in crown variables confirm that mixtures can be used to increase above ground structural diversity.
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Bindewald A, Brundu G, Schueler S, Starfinger U, Bauhus J, Lapin K. Site-specific risk assessment enables trade-off analysis of non-native tree species in European forests. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18089-18110. [PMID: 35003660 PMCID: PMC8717284 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-native tree species (NNT) are used in European forestry for many purposes including their growth performance, valuable timber, and resistance to drought and pest or pathogen damage. Yet, cultivating NNT may pose risks to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and the provisioning of ecosystem services, and several NNT have been classified as invasive in Europe. Typically, such classifications are based on risk assessments, which do not adequately consider site-specific variations in impacts of the NNT or the extent of affected areas. Here, we present a new methodological framework that facilitates both mitigating risks associated with NNT and taking advantage of their ecosystem services. The framework is based on a stratified assessment of risks posed by NNT which distinguishes between different sites and considers effectiveness of available management strategies to control negative effects. The method can be applied to NNT that already occur in a given area or those NNT that may establish in future. The framework consists of eight steps and is partly based on existing knowledge. If adequate site-specific knowledge on NNT does not yet exist, new evidence on the risks should be obtained, for example, by collecting and analyzing monitoring data or modeling the potential distribution of NNT. However, limitations remain in the application of this method, and we propose several policy and management recommendations which are required to improve the responsible use of NNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bindewald
- Department of Forest ConservationForest Research Institute of Baden‐Württemberg (FVA)FreiburgGermany
- Chair of SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | | | - Uwe Starfinger
- Julius Kühn‐Institut (JKI)Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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50
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Zhang Z, Ju W, Zhou Y. The effect of water stress on net primary productivity in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65885-65898. [PMID: 34327647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Net primary productivity (NPP) has been widely used as the indicator of vegetation function and exhibits large spatial and temporal variations caused by numerous factors. Northwest China (NWC) is one of the driest regions in China, and water supply is the key determinant of NPP here. However, studies on the effects of water stress on NPP in NWC at the regional scale are still relatively lacking. Thus, in this study, based on a set of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NPP and evapotranspiration (ET) datasets, we quantified the response of NPP to water stress, which is indicated by crop water stress index (CWSI). Regional average of annual NPP in NWC showed an increasing trend during the study period, at a rate of 0.84 g C m-2 yr-1. At the province level, the NPP increase rates increased in the order of Ningxia (7.7%), Shaanxi (6.5%), Gansu (4.5%), Qinghai (3.8%), and Xinjiang (1.7%). NPP was negatively correlated with CWSI (p<0.05) in 73% of areas, indicating the key role of water stress in constraining NPP over this arid region. The effect of water stress on NPP changes with elevation. Water stress has the strongest negative impact on NPP in areas with elevations around 2000 m. In elevations above 5000 m, NPP is not limited by water stress, mostly positively correlated with CWSI. Our findings further clarify the importance of water stress in dryland ecosystems, while highlighting that elevation gradients can significantly affect the correlation between NPP and water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- International Institute of Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Ju
- International Institute of Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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