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Ma M, Wu L, Li M, Li L, Guo L, Ka D, Zhang T, Zhou M, Wu B, Peng H, Hu Z, Liu X, Jing R, Zhao H. Pleiotropic phenotypic effects of the TaCYP78A family on multiple yield-related traits in wheat. Plant Biotechnol J 2024. [PMID: 38783571 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing crop yield depends on selecting and utilizing pleiotropic genes/alleles to improve multiple yield-related traits (YRTs) during crop breeding. However, synergistic improvement of YRTs is challenging due to the trade-offs between YRTs in breeding practices. Here, the favourable haplotypes of the TaCYP78A family are identified by analysing allelic variations in 1571 wheat accessions worldwide, demonstrating the selection and utilization of pleiotropic genes to improve yield and related traits during wheat breeding. The TaCYP78A family members, including TaCYP78A3, TaCYP78A5, TaCYP78A16, and TaCYP78A17, are organ size regulators expressed in multiple organs, and their allelic variations associated with various YRTs. However, due to the trade-offs between YRTs, knockdown or overexpression of TaCYP78A family members does not directly increase yield. Favourable haplotypes of the TaCYP78A family, namely A3/5/16/17Ap-Hap II, optimize the expression levels of TaCYP78A3/5/16/17-A across different wheat organs to overcome trade-offs and improve multiple YRTs. Different favourable haplotypes have both complementary and specific functions in improving YRTs, and their aggregation in cultivars under strong artificial selection greatly increase yield, even under various planting environments and densities. These findings provide new support and valuable genetic resources for molecular breeding of wheat and other crops in the era of Breeding 4.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linnan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijian Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyan Ka
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengdie Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baowei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Peng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxin Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiangli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Gerard G, Mondal S, Piñera-Chávez F, Rivera-Amado C, Molero G, Crossa J, Huerta-Espino J, Velu G, Braun H, Singh R, Crespo-Herrera L. Enhanced radiation use efficiency and grain filling rate as the main drivers of grain yield genetic gains in the CIMMYT elite spring wheat yield trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10975. [PMID: 38744876 PMCID: PMC11094180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food crop, providing a fifth of food calories and proteins to the world's human population. Despite the impressive growth in global wheat production in recent decades, further increases in grain yield are required to meet future demands. Here we estimated genetic gain and genotype stability for grain yield (GY) and determined the trait associations that contributed uniquely or in combination to increased GY, through a retrospective analysis of top-performing genotypes selected from the elite spring wheat yield trial (ESWYT) evaluated internationally during a 14-year period (2003 to 2016). Fifty-six ESWYT genotypes and four checks were sown under optimally irrigated conditions in three phenotyping trials during three consecutive growing seasons (2018-2019 to 2020-2021) at Norman E. Borlaug Research Station, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. The mean GY rose from 6.75 (24th ESWYT) to 7.87 t ha-1 (37th ESWYT), representing a cumulative increase of 1.12 t ha-1. The annual genetic gain for GY was estimated at 0.96% (65 kg ha-1 year-1) accompanied by a positive trend in genotype stability over time. The GY progress was mainly associated with increases in biomass (BM), grain filling rate (GFR), total radiation use efficiency (RUE_total), grain weight per spike (GWS), and reduction in days to heading (DTH), which together explained 95.5% of the GY variation. Regression lines over the years showed significant increases of 0.015 kg m-2 year-1 (p < 0.01), 0.074 g m-2 year-1 (p < 0.05), and 0.017 g MJ-1 year-1 (p < 0.001) for BM, GFR, and RUE_total, respectively. Grain weight per spike exhibited a positive but no significant trend (0.014 g year-1, p = 0.07), whereas a negative tendency for DTH was observed (- 0.43 days year-1, p < 0.001). Analysis of the top ten highest-yielding genotypes revealed differential GY-associated trait contributions, demonstrating that improved GY can be attained through different mechanisms and indicating that no single trait criterion is adopted by CIMMYT breeders for developing new superior lines. We conclude that CIMMYT's Bread Wheat Breeding Program has continued to deliver adapted and more productive wheat genotypes to National partners worldwide, mainly driven by enhancing RUE_total and GFR and that future yield increases could be achieved by intercrossing genetically diverse top performer genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gerard
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Suchismita Mondal
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Francisco Piñera-Chávez
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rivera-Amado
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- KWS Momont Recherche, 59246, Mons-en-Pévèle, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Jose Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico
- Colegio de Postgraduados, CP 56230, Montecillos, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Govidan Velu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Hans Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ravi Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Crespo-Herrera
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México- Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, CP 56237, Texcoco, Mexico, Mexico.
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Chang-Brahim I, Koppensteiner LJ, Beltrame L, Bodner G, Saranti A, Salzinger J, Fanta-Jende P, Sulzbachner C, Bruckmüller F, Trognitz F, Samad-Zamini M, Zechner E, Holzinger A, Molin EM. Reviewing the essential roles of remote phenotyping, GWAS and explainable AI in practical marker-assisted selection for drought-tolerant winter wheat breeding. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1319938. [PMID: 38699541 PMCID: PMC11064034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1319938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) plays a crucial role in crop breeding improving the speed and precision of conventional breeding programmes by quickly and reliably identifying and selecting plants with desired traits. However, the efficacy of MAS depends on several prerequisites, with precise phenotyping being a key aspect of any plant breeding programme. Recent advancements in high-throughput remote phenotyping, facilitated by unmanned aerial vehicles coupled to machine learning, offer a non-destructive and efficient alternative to traditional, time-consuming, and labour-intensive methods. Furthermore, MAS relies on knowledge of marker-trait associations, commonly obtained through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to understand complex traits such as drought tolerance, including yield components and phenology. However, GWAS has limitations that artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to partially overcome. Additionally, AI and its explainable variants, which ensure transparency and interpretability, are increasingly being used as recognised problem-solving tools throughout the breeding process. Given these rapid technological advancements, this review provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and processes underlying each MAS, from phenotyping, genotyping and association analyses to the integration of explainable AI along the entire workflow. In this context, we specifically address the challenges and importance of breeding winter wheat for greater drought tolerance with stable yields, as regional droughts during critical developmental stages pose a threat to winter wheat production. Finally, we explore the transition from scientific progress to practical implementation and discuss ways to bridge the gap between cutting-edge developments and breeders, expediting MAS-based winter wheat breeding for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Chang-Brahim
- Unit Bioresources, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Lorenzo Beltrame
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Bodner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Anna Saranti
- Human-Centered AI Lab, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jules Salzinger
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phillipp Fanta-Jende
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sulzbachner
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Bruckmüller
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Trognitz
- Unit Bioresources, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Zechner
- Verein zur Förderung einer nachhaltigen und regionalen Pflanzenzüchtung, Zwettl, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Human-Centered AI Lab, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva M. Molin
- Unit Bioresources, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
- Human-Centered AI Lab, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Golan G, Weiner J, Zhao Y, Schnurbusch T. Agroecological genetics of biomass allocation in wheat uncovers genotype interactions with canopy shade and plant size. New Phytol 2024; 242:107-120. [PMID: 38326944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
How plants distribute biomass among organs influences resource acquisition, reproduction and plant-plant interactions, and is essential in understanding plant ecology, evolution, and yield production in agriculture. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating allocation responses to the environment are largely unknown. We studied recombinant lines of wheat (Triticum spp.) grown as single plants under sunlight and simulated canopy shade to investigate genotype-by-environment interactions in biomass allocation to the leaves, stems, spikes, and grains. Size-corrected mass fractions and allometric slopes were employed to dissect allocation responses to light limitation and plant size. Size adjustments revealed light-responsive alleles associated with adaptation to the crop environment. Combined with an allometric approach, we demonstrated that polymorphism in the DELLA protein is associated with the response to shade and size. While a gibberellin-sensitive allelic effect on stem allocation was amplified when plants were shaded, size-dependent effects of this allele drive allocation to reproduction, suggesting that the ontogenetic trajectory of the plant affects the consequences of shade responses for allocation. Our approach provides a basis for exploring the genetic determinants underlying investment strategies in the face of different resource constraints and will be useful in predicting social behaviours of individuals in a crop community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Golan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120, Halle, Germany
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5
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Moroyoqui‐Parra MA, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Gaju O, Murchie EH, Foulkes MJ. Interaction of planting system with radiation-use efficiency in wheat lines. Crop Sci 2024; 64:314-332. [PMID: 38516200 PMCID: PMC10952436 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) is an important trait for raising biomass and yield potential in plant breeding. However, the effect of the planting system (PS) on genetic variation in RUE has not been previously investigated. Our objectives were to quantify genetic variation in RUE, biomass and grain yield in raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems, and associations with canopy-architecture traits (flag-leaf angle and curvature). Twelve spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated under irrigated conditions for 3 years in North West Mexico using raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems. Canopy architecture traits were measured at booting and anthesis + 7 days. Grain yield (10.6%), biomass (7.6%), and pre-grain-filling RUE (9.7%) were higher in raised beds than flat basins, while a significant planting system × genotype interaction was found for grain yield. Genetic variation in pre-grain-filling RUE was associated with biomass and grain yield in beds and basins. In flat basins, higher pre-grain-filling RUE was correlated with a more upright flag-leaf angle but not in raised beds. In raised beds, cultivars with less upright flag-leaf angle had greater fractional light interception pre-anthesis. Taller semi-dwarf cultivars intercepted relatively more radiation in the beds than the flats before anthesis, consistent with the taller cultivars showing relatively greater increases in yield in beds compared to flats. Our results indicated that the evaluation of genotypes for RUE and biomass in wheat breeding should take into account planting systems to capture genotype × PS effects. In addition, the results demonstrate how flag-leaf angle has a different effect depending on the planting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A. Moroyoqui‐Parra
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
- KWS Momont RechercheMons‐en‐PeveleFrance
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food and TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Michael John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
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6
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Abbai R, Golan G, Longin CFH, Schnurbusch T. Grain yield trade-offs in spike-branching wheat can be mitigated by elite alleles affecting sink capacity and post-anthesis source activity. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:88-102. [PMID: 37739800 PMCID: PMC10735541 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Introducing variations in inflorescence architecture, such as the 'Miracle-Wheat' (Triticum turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) with a branching spike, has relevance for enhancing wheat grain yield. However, in the spike-branching genotypes, the increase in spikelet number is generally not translated into grain yield advantage because of reduced grains per spikelet and grain weight. Here, we investigated if such trade-offs might be a function of source-sink strength by using 385 recombinant inbred lines developed by intercrossing the spike-branching landrace TRI 984 and CIRNO C2008, an elite durum (T. durum L.) cultivar; they were genotyped using the 25K array. Various plant and spike architectural traits, including flag leaf, peduncle, and spike senescence rate, were phenotyped under field conditions for 2 consecutive years. On chromosome 5AL, we found a new modifier QTL for spike branching, branched headt3 (bht-A3), which was epistatic to the previously known bht-A1 locus. Besides, bht-A3 was associated with more grains per spikelet and a delay in flag leaf senescence rate. Importantly, favourable alleles, viz. bht-A3 and grain protein content (gpc-B1) that delayed senescence, are required to improve grain number and grain weight in the spike-branching genotypes. In summary, achieving a balanced source-sink relationship might minimize grain yield trade-offs in Miracle-Wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavendran Abbai
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Guy Golan
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - C Friedrich H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Li Z, Luo Q, Deng Y, Du K, Li X, Ren T. Identification and Validation of a Stable Major-Effect Quantitative Trait Locus for Kernel Number per Spike on Chromosome 2D in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14289. [PMID: 37762591 PMCID: PMC10531874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A recombinant inbred line population including 371 lines was developed by a high kernel number per spike (KNPS) genotype T1208 and a low KNPS genotype Chuannong18 (CN18). A genetic linkage map consisting of 11,583 markers was constructed by the Wheat55K SNP Array. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to KNPS were detected in three years. Eight, twenty-seven, and four QTLs were identified using the ICIM-BIP, ICIM-MET, and ICIM-EPI methods, respectively. One QTL, QKnps.sau-2D.1, which was mapped on chromosome 2D, can explain 18.10% of the phenotypic variation (PVE) on average and be considered a major and stable QTL for KNPS. This QTL was located in a 0.89 Mb interval on chromosome 2D and flanked by the markers AX-109283238 and AX-111606890. Moreover, KASP-AX-111462389, a Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker which closely linked to QKnps.sau-2D.1, was designed. The genetic effect of QKnps.sau-2D.1 on KNPS was successfully confirmed in two RIL populations. The results also showed that the significant increase of KNPS and 1000-kernel weight (TKW) was caused by QKnps.sau-2D.1 overcoming the disadvantage due to the decrease of spike number (SN) and finally lead to a significant increase of grain yield. In addition, within the interval in which QKnps.sau-2D.1 is located in Chinese Spring reference genomes, only fifteen genes were found, and two genes that might associate with KNPS were identified. QKnps.sau-2D.1 may provide a new resource for the high-yield breeding of wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.D.); (K.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qinyi Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.D.); (K.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yawen Deng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.D.); (K.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ke Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.D.); (K.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinli Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.D.); (K.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianheng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.D.); (K.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding at Sichuan Agricultural University of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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8
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Liu Y, Chen J, Yin C, Wang Z, Wu H, Shen K, Zhang Z, Kang L, Xu S, Bi A, Zhao X, Xu D, He Z, Zhang X, Hao C, Wu J, Gong Y, Yu X, Sun Z, Ye B, Liu D, Zhang L, Shen L, Hao Y, Ma Y, Lu F, Guo Z. A high-resolution genotype-phenotype map identifies the TaSPL17 controlling grain number and size in wheat. Genome Biol 2023; 24:196. [PMID: 37641093 PMCID: PMC10463835 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale genotype-phenotype association studies of crop germplasm are important for identifying alleles associated with favorable traits. The limited number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in most wheat genome-wide association studies (GWASs) restricts their power to detect marker-trait associations. Additionally, only a few genes regulating grain number per spikelet have been reported due to sensitivity of this trait to variable environments. RESULTS We perform a large-scale GWAS using approximately 40 million filtered SNPs for 27 spike morphology traits. We detect 132,086 significant marker-trait associations and the associated SNP markers are located within 590 associated peaks. We detect additional and stronger peaks by dividing spike morphology into sub-traits relative to GWAS results of spike morphology traits. We propose that the genetic dissection of spike morphology is a powerful strategy to detect signals for grain yield traits in wheat. The GWAS results reveal that TaSPL17 positively controls grain size and number by regulating spikelet and floret meristem development, which in turn leads to enhanced grain yield per plant. The haplotypes at TaSPL17 indicate geographical differentiation, domestication effects, and breeding selection. CONCLUSION Our study provides valuable resources for genetic improvement of spike morphology and a fast-forward genetic solution for candidate gene detection and cloning in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Changbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kuocheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Lipeng Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Song Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Aoyue Bi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Xuebo Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Daxing Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuchang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Botao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fei Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10011, China.
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Taranto F, Esposito S, De Vita P. Genomics for Yield and Yield Components in Durum Wheat. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2571. [PMID: 37447132 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been conducted to dissect the genetic basis of yield and yield components in durum wheat thanks to linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies. In this review, starting from the analysis of the genetic bases that regulate the expression of yield for developing new durum wheat varieties, we have highlighted how, currently, the reductionist approach, i.e., dissecting the yield into its individual components, does not seem capable of ensuring significant yield increases due to diminishing resources, land loss, and ongoing climate change. However, despite the identification of genes and/or chromosomal regions, controlling the grain yield in durum wheat is still a challenge, mainly due to the polyploidy level of this species. In the review, we underline that the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies coupled with improved wheat genome assembly and high-throughput genotyping platforms, as well as genome editing technology, will revolutionize plant breeding by providing a great opportunity to capture genetic variation that can be used in breeding programs. To date, genomic selection provides a valuable tool for modeling optimal allelic combinations across the whole genome that maximize the phenotypic potential of an individual under a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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10
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Ali A, Ullah Z, Sher H, Abbas Z, Rasheed A. Water stress effects on stay green and chlorophyll fluorescence with focus on yield characteristics of diverse bread wheats. Planta 2023; 257:104. [PMID: 37115268 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The study provided an insight toward better understanding of stay-green mechanisms for drought tolerance improvement and identified that synthetic-derived wheats proved as a promising germplasm for improved tolerance against water stress. Stay-green (SG) trait is considered to be related with the ability of wheat plants to maintain photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation. The present study explored the interaction of water stress with SG expression through physio-biochemical, agronomic and phenotypic responses among diverse wheat germplasm comprising of 200 synthetic hexaploids, 12 synthetic derivatives, 97 landraces and 16 conventional bread wheat varieties, for 2 years. The study established that variation of SG trait existed in the studied wheat germplasm and there was positive association between SG trait and tolerance to water stress. The relationship of SG trait with chlorophyll content (r = 0.97), ETR (r = 0.28), GNS (r = 0.44), BMP (r = 0.34) and GYP (r = 0.44) was particularly promising under water stress environment. Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence, the positive correlation of фPSII (r = 0.21), qP (r = 0.27) and ETR (r = 0.44) with grain yield per plant was noted. The improved ΦPSII and Fv/Fm of PSII photochemistry resulted in the high photosynthesis activity in SG wheat genotypes. Regarding relative water content and photochemical quenching coefficient, synthetic-derived wheats were better by maintaining 20.9, 9.8 and 16.1% more RWC and exhibiting 30.2, 13.5 and 17.9% more qP when compared with landraces, varieties and synthetic hexaploids, respectively, under water stress environment. Synthetic derived wheats also exhibited relatively more SG character with good yield and were more tolerant to water stress in terms of grain yield, grain weight per plant, better photosynthetic performance through chlorophyll fluorescence measurement, high leaf chlorophyll and proline content, and hence, may be used as novel sources for breeding drought tolerant materials. The study will further facilitate research on wheat leaf senescence and will add to better understanding of SG mechanisms for drought tolerance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Niu J, Si Y, Tian S, Liu X, Shi X, Ma S, Yu Z, Ling HQ, Zheng S. A Wheat 660 K SNP array-based high-density genetic map facilitates QTL mapping of flag leaf-related traits in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:51. [PMID: 36913011 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-density genetic map containing 122,620 SNP markers was constructed, which facilitated the identification of eight major flag leaf-related QTL in relatively narrow intervals. The flag leaf plays an important role in photosynthetic capacity and yield potential in wheat. In this study, we used a recombinant inbred line population containing 188 lines derived from a cross between 'Lankao86' (LK86) and 'Ermangmai' to construct a genetic map using the Wheat 660 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The high-density genetic map contains 122,620 SNP markers spanning 5185.06 cM. It shows good collinearity with the physical map of Chinese Spring and anchors multiple sequences of previously unplaced scaffolds onto chromosomes. Based on the high-density genetic map, we identified seven, twelve, and eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flag leaf length (FLL), width (FLW), and area (FLA) across eight environments, respectively. Among them, three, one, and four QTL for FLL, FLW, and FLA are major and stably express in more than four environments. The physical distance between the flanking markers for QFll.igdb-3B/QFlw.igdb-3B/QFla.igdb-3B is only 444 kb containing eight high confidence genes. These results suggested that we could directly map the candidate genes in a relatively small region by the high-density genetic map constructed with the Wheat 660 K array. Furthermore, the identification of environmentally stable QTL for flag leaf morphology laid a foundation for the following gene cloning and flag leaf morphology improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Niu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoqi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiquan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Ma
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqing Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Halder J, Gill HS, Zhang J, Altameemi R, Olson E, Turnipseed B, Sehgal SK. Genome-wide association analysis of spike and kernel traits in the U.S. hard winter wheat. Plant Genome 2023; 16:e20300. [PMID: 36636831 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the genetic control of spike and kernel traits that have higher heritability can help in the development of high-yielding wheat varieties. Here, we identified the marker-trait associations (MTAs) for various spike- and kernel-related traits in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). An association mapping panel comprising 297 hard winter wheat accessions from the U.S. Great Plains was evaluated for eight spike- and kernel-related traits in three different environments. A GWAS using 15,590 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified a total of 53 MTAs for seven spike- and kernel-related traits, where the highest number of MTAs were identified for spike length (16) followed by the number of spikelets per spike (15) and spikelet density (11). Out of 53 MTAs, 14 were considered to represent stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) as they were identified in multiple environments. Five multi-trait MTAs were identified for various traits including the number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), spikelet density (SD), kernel width (KW), and kernel area (KA) that could facilitate the pyramiding of yield-contributing traits. Further, a significant additive effect of accumulated favorable alleles on the phenotype of four spike-related traits suggested that breeding lines and cultivars with a higher number of favorable alleles could be a valuable resource for breeders to improve yield-related traits. This study improves the understanding of the genetic basis of yield-related traits in hard winter wheat and provides reliable molecular markers that will facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Halder
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Harsimardeep S Gill
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Rami Altameemi
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Eric Olson
- Dep. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brent Turnipseed
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Sunish K Sehgal
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
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13
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Molero G, Coombes B, Joynson R, Pinto F, Piñera-Chávez FJ, Rivera-Amado C, Hall A, Reynolds MP. Exotic alleles contribute to heat tolerance in wheat under field conditions. Commun Biol 2023; 6:21. [PMID: 36624201 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming poses a major threat to food security and necessitates the development of crop varieties that are resilient to future climatic instability. By evaluating 149 spring wheat lines in the field under yield potential and heat stressed conditions, we demonstrate how strategic integration of exotic material significantly increases yield under heat stress compared to elite lines, with no significant yield penalty under favourable conditions. Genetic analyses reveal three exotic-derived genetic loci underlying this heat tolerance which together increase yield by over 50% and reduce canopy temperature by approximately 2 °C. We identified an Ae. tauschii introgression underlying the most significant of these associations and extracted the introgressed Ae. tauschii genes, revealing candidates for further dissection. Incorporating these exotic alleles into breeding programmes could serve as a pre-emptive strategy to produce high yielding wheat cultivars that are resilient to the effects of future climatic uncertainty.
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14
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Huang P, Zhao J, Hong J, Zhu B, Xia S, Zhu E, Han P, Zhang K. Cytokinins regulate rice lamina joint development and leaf angle. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:56-69. [PMID: 36031806 PMCID: PMC9806582 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is determined by lamina joint inclination and is an important agronomic trait that determines plant architecture, photosynthetic efficiency, and crop yield. Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones involved in shaping rice (Oryza sativa L.) architecture, but their role in leaf angle remains unknown. Here, we report that CK accumulation mediated by rice CK OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE3 (OsCKX3) controls lamina joint development and negatively regulates leaf angle. Phenotypic analysis showed that rice osckx3 mutants had smaller leaf angles, while the overexpression lines (OsCKX3-OE) had larger leaf angles. Histological sections indicated that the leaf inclination changes in the osckx3 and OsCKX3-OE lines resulted from asymmetric proliferation of the cells and vascular bundles in the lamina joint. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR, promoter-fused β-glucuronidase expression, and subcellular localization assays indicated that OsCKX3 was highly expressed in the lamina joint, and OsCKX3-GFP fusion protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme assays using recombinant protein OsCKX3 revealed that OsCKX3 prefers trans-zeatin (tZ) and isopentenyladenine (iP). Consistently, tZ and iP levels increased in the osckx3 mutants but decreased in the OsCKX3 overexpression lines. Interestingly, agronomic trait analysis of the rice grown in the paddy field indicated that osckx3 displayed a smaller leaf angle and enhanced primary branch number, grain size, 1,000-grain weight, and flag leaf size. Collectively, our results revealed that enhancing CK levels in the lamina joint by disrupting OsCKX3 negatively regulates leaf angle, highlighting that the CK pathway can be engineered to reduce leaf angle in rice and possibly in other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiangzhe Zhao
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiale Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Engao Zhu
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pingfei Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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15
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Murchie EH, Reynolds M, Slafer GA, Foulkes MJ, Acevedo-Siaca L, McAusland L, Sharwood R, Griffiths S, Flavell RB, Gwyn J, Sawkins M, Carmo-Silva E. A 'wiring diagram' for source strength traits impacting wheat yield potential. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:72-90. [PMID: 36264277 PMCID: PMC9786870 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Source traits are currently of great interest for the enhancement of yield potential; for example, much effort is being expended to find ways of modifying photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis is but one component of crop regulation, so sink activities and the coordination of diverse processes throughout the crop must be considered in an integrated, systems approach. A set of 'wiring diagrams' has been devised as a visual tool to integrate the interactions of component processes at different stages of wheat development. They enable the roles of chloroplast, leaf, and whole-canopy processes to be seen in the context of sink development and crop growth as a whole. In this review, we dissect source traits both anatomically (foliar and non-foliar) and temporally (pre- and post-anthesis), and consider the evidence for their regulation at local and whole-plant/crop levels. We consider how the formation of a canopy creates challenges (self-occlusion) and opportunities (dynamic photosynthesis) for components of photosynthesis. Lastly, we discuss the regulation of source activity by feedback regulation. The review is written in the framework of the wiring diagrams which, as integrated descriptors of traits underpinning grain yield, are designed to provide a potential workspace for breeders and other crop scientists that, along with high-throughput and precision phenotyping data, genetics, and bioinformatics, will help build future dynamic models of trait and gene interactions to achieve yield gains in wheat and other field crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida–AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- ICREA (Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Liana Acevedo-Siaca
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Simon Griffiths
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard B Flavell
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeff Gwyn
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mark Sawkins
- International Wheat Yield Partnership, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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16
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Khan N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Chen X, Yang L, Zhang J, Li C, Li L, Ur Rehman S, Reynolds MP, Zhang L, Zhang X, Mao X, Jing R. TaGSNE, a WRKY transcription factor, overcomes the trade-off between grain size and grain number in common wheat and is associated with root development. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:6678-6696. [PMID: 35906966 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the world's major staple food crops, and breeding for improvement of grain yield is a priority under the scenarios of climate change and population growth. WRKY transcription factors are multifaceted regulators in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. In this study, we identify the WRKY gene TaGSNE (Grain Size and Number Enhancer) in common wheat, and find that it has relatively high expression in leaves and roots, and is induced by multiple abiotic stresses. Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in TaGSNE, forming two haplotypes in multiple germplasm collections, named as TaGSNE-Hap-1 and TaGSNE-Hap-2. In a range of different environments, TaGSNE-Hap-2 was significantly associated with increases in thousand-grain weight (TGW; 3.0%) and spikelet number per spike (4.1%), as well as with deeper roots (10.1%) and increased root dry weight (8.3%) at the mid-grain-filling stage, and these were confirmed in backcross introgression populations. Furthermore, transgenic rice lines overexpressing TaGSNE had larger panicles, more grains, increased grain size, and increased grain yield relative to the wild-type control. Analysis of geographic and temporal distributions revealed that TaGSNE-Hap-2 is positively selected in China and Pakistan, and TaGSNE-Hap-1 in Europe. Our findings demonstrate that TaGSNE overcomes the trade-off between TGW/grain size and grain number, leading us to conclude that these elite haplotypes and their functional markers could be utilized in marker-assisted selection for breeding high-yielding varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Lichao Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Li Y, Tao F, Hao Y, Tong J, Xiao Y, He Z, Reynolds M. Wheat traits and the associated loci conferring radiation use efficiency. Plant J 2022; 112:565-582. [PMID: 36004546 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) radiation use efficiency (RUE) must be raised through crop breeding to further increase the yield potential, as the harvest index is now close to its theoretical limit. Field experiments including 209 wheat cultivars which have been widely cultivated in China since the 1940s were conducted in two growing seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) to evaluate the variations of phenological, physiological, plant architectural, and yield-related traits and their contributions to RUE and to identify limiting factors for wheat yield potential. The average annual genetic gain in grain yield was 0.60% (or 45.32 kg ha-1 year-1 ; R2 = 0.44, P < 0.01), mainly attributed to the gain in RUE (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). The net photosynthetic rates were positively and closely correlated with grain RUE and grain yield, suggesting source as a limiting factor to future yield gains. Thirty-four cultivars were identified, exhibiting not only high RUE, but also traits contributing to high RUE and 11 other critical traits - of known genetic basis - as potential parents for breeding to improve yield and RUE. Our findings reveal wheat traits and the associated loci conferring RUE, which are valuable for facilitating marker-assisted breeding to improve wheat RUE and yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fulu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingyang Tong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yonggui Xiao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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18
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Schulthess AW, Kale SM, Liu F, Zhao Y, Philipp N, Rembe M, Jiang Y, Beukert U, Serfling A, Himmelbach A, Fuchs J, Oppermann M, Weise S, Boeven PHG, Schacht J, Longin CFH, Kollers S, Pfeiffer N, Korzun V, Lange M, Scholz U, Stein N, Mascher M, Reif JC. Genomics-informed prebreeding unlocks the diversity in genebanks for wheat improvement. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1544-1552. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Chou CH, Lin HS, Wen CH, Tung CW. Patterns of genetic variation and QTLs controlling grain traits in a collection of global wheat germplasm revealed by high-quality SNP markers. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:455. [PMID: 36131260 PMCID: PMC9494784 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establish a molecular breeding program involved assembling a diverse germplasm collection and generating accurate genotypes to characterize their genetic potential and associate them with agronomic traits. In this study, we acquired over eight hundred wheat accessions from international gene banks and assessed their genetic relatedness using high-quality SNP genotypes. Understanding the scope of genomic variation in this collection allows the breeders to utilize the genetic resources efficiently while improving wheat yield and quality. RESULTS A wheat diversity panel comprising 39 durum wheat, 60 spelt wheat, and 765 bread wheat accessions was genotyped on iSelect 90 K wheat SNP arrays. A total of 57,398 SNP markers were mapped to IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 assembly, over 30,000 polymorphic SNPs in the A, B, D genomes were used to analyze population structure and diversity, the results revealed the separation of the three species and the differentiation of CIMMYT improved breeding lines and landraces or widely grown cultivars. In addition, several chromosomal regions under selection were detected. A subset of 280 bread wheat accessions was evaluated for grain traits, including grain length, width, surface area, and color. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed that several chromosomal regions were significantly linked to known quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling grain-related traits. One of the SNP peaks at the end of chromosome 7A was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with WAPO-A1, a gene that governs yield components. CONCLUSIONS Here, the most updated and accurate physical positions of SNPs on 90 K genotyping array are provided for the first time. The diverse germplasm collection and associated genotypes are available for the wheat researchers to use in their molecular breeding program. We expect these resources to broaden the genetic basis of original breeding and pre-breeding materials and ultimately identify molecular markers associated with important agronomic traits which are evaluated in diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chou
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shih Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Wen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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20
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Sharwood RE, Quick WP, Sargent D, Estavillo GM, Silva-Perez V, Furbank RT. Mining for allelic gold: finding genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in crops and wild relatives. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3085-3108. [PMID: 35274686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits in crops to increase yield potential and crop resilience has recently become a major breeding target. Synthetic biology and genetic technologies offer unparalleled opportunities to create new genetics for photosynthetic traits driven by existing fundamental knowledge. However, large 'gene bank' collections of germplasm comprising historical collections of crop species and their relatives offer a wealth of opportunities to find novel allelic variation in the key steps of photosynthesis, to identify new mechanisms and to accelerate genetic progress in crop breeding programmes. Here we explore the available genetic resources in food and fibre crops, strategies to selectively target allelic variation in genes underpinning key photosynthetic processes, and deployment of this variation via gene editing in modern elite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - W Paul Quick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Demi Sargent
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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21
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Yin X, Gu J, Dingkuhn M, Struik PC. A model-guided holistic review of exploiting natural variation of photosynthesis traits in crop improvement. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3173-3188. [PMID: 35323898 PMCID: PMC9126731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for improved leaf photosynthesis is considered as a viable approach to increase crop yield. Whether it should be improved in combination with other traits has not been assessed critically. Based on the quantitative crop model GECROS that interconnects various traits to crop productivity, we review natural variation in relevant traits, from biochemical aspects of leaf photosynthesis to morpho-physiological crop characteristics. While large phenotypic variations (sometimes >2-fold) for leaf photosynthesis and its underlying biochemical parameters were reported, few quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, accounting for a small percentage of phenotypic variation. More QTL were reported for sink size (that feeds back on photosynthesis) or morpho-physiological traits (that affect canopy productivity and duration), together explaining a much greater percentage of their phenotypic variation. Traits for both photosynthetic rate and sustaining it during grain filling were strongly related to nitrogen-related traits. Much of the molecular basis of known photosynthesis QTL thus resides in genes controlling photosynthesis indirectly. Simulation using GECROS demonstrated the overwhelming importance of electron transport parameters, compared with the maximum Rubisco activity that largely determines the commonly studied light-saturated photosynthetic rate. Exploiting photosynthetic natural variation might significantly improve crop yield if nitrogen uptake, sink capacity, and other morpho-physiological traits are co-selected synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | | | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Sales CRG, Molero G, Evans JR, Taylor SH, Joynson R, Furbank RT, Hall A, Carmo-Silva E. Phenotypic variation in photosynthetic traits in wheat grown under field versus glasshouse conditions. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3221-3237. [PMID: 35271722 PMCID: PMC9126738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of the untapped potential of photosynthesis to improve crop yields has spurred research to identify targets for breeding. The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is characterized by a number of inefficiencies, and frequently limits carbon assimilation at the top of the canopy, representing a clear target for wheat improvement. Two bread wheat lines with similar genetic backgrounds and contrasting in vivo maximum carboxylation activity of Rubisco per unit leaf nitrogen (Vc,max,25/Narea) determined using high-throughput phenotyping methods were selected for detailed study from a panel of 80 spring wheat lines. Detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits in the two lines using glasshouse-grown plants showed no difference in Vc,max,25/Narea determined directly via in vivo and in vitro methods. Detailed phenotyping of glasshouse-grown plants of the 80 wheat lines also showed no correlation between photosynthetic traits measured via high-throughput phenotyping of field-grown plants. Our findings suggest that the complex interplay between traits determining crop productivity and the dynamic environments experienced by field-grown plants needs to be considered in designing strategies for effective wheat crop yield improvement when breeding for particular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Int. Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- KWS Momont Recherche, 7 rue de Martinval, 59246 Mons-en-Pévèle, France
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ryan Joynson
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Limagrain Europe, CS 3911, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony Hall
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
| | - Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Correspondence: or
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23
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Robles-Zazueta CA, Pinto F, Molero G, Foulkes MJ, Reynolds MP, Murchie EH. Prediction of Photosynthetic, Biophysical, and Biochemical Traits in Wheat Canopies to Reduce the Phenotyping Bottleneck. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:828451. [PMID: 35481146 PMCID: PMC9036448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To achieve food security, it is necessary to increase crop radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield through the enhancement of canopy photosynthesis to increase the availability of assimilates for the grain, but its study in the field is constrained by low throughput and the lack of integrative measurements at canopy level. In this study, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used with high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) data in spring wheat to build predictive models of photosynthetic, biophysical, and biochemical traits for the top, middle, and bottom layers of wheat canopies. The combined layer model predictions performed better than individual layer predictions with a significance as follows for photosynthesis R 2 = 0.48, RMSE = 5.24 μmol m-2 s-1 and stomatal conductance: R 2 = 0.36, RMSE = 0.14 mol m-2 s-1. The predictions of these traits from PLSR models upscaled to canopy level compared to field observations were statistically significant at initiation of booting (R 2 = 0.3, p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.29, p < 0.05) and at 7 days after anthesis (R 2 = 0.15, p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). Using HTP allowed us to increase phenotyping capacity 30-fold compared to conventional phenotyping methods. This approach can be adapted to screen breeding progeny and genetic resources for RUE and to improve our understanding of wheat physiology by adding different layers of the canopy to physiological modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Robles-Zazueta
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pinto
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - M. John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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24
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Guo L, Ma M, Wu L, Zhou M, Li M, Wu B, Li L, Liu X, Jing R, Chen W, Zhao H. Modified expression of TaCYP78A5 enhances grain weight with yield potential by accumulating auxin in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:168-182. [PMID: 34510688 PMCID: PMC8710830 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Increasing grain yield has always been the primary goal of crop breeding. KLUH/CYP78A5 has been shown to affect seed size in several plant species, but the relevant molecular mechanism is still unclear and there are no reports of this gene contributing to yield. Here, we demonstrate that modified expression of TaCYP78A5 can enhance wheat grain weight and grain yield per plant by accumulating auxin. TaCYP78A5 is highly expressed in maternal tissues, including ovary and seed coat during wheat development. The constitutive overexpression of TaCYP78A5 leads to significantly increased seed size and weight but not grain yield per plant due to the strengthening of apical dominance. However, localized overexpression of TaCYP78A5 in maternal integument enhances grain weight and grain yield per plant by 4.3%-18.8% and 9.6%-14.7%, respectively, in field trials. Transcriptome and hormone metabolome analyses reveal that TaCYP78A5 participates in auxin synthesis pathway and promotes auxin accumulation and cell wall remodelling in ovary. Phenotype investigation and cytological observation show that localized overexpression of TaCYP78A5 in ovary results in delayed flowering and prolonged proliferation of maternal integument cells, which promote grain enlargement. Moreover, naturally occurring variations in the promoter of TaCYP78A5-2A contribute to thousand-grain weight (TGW) and grain yield per plant of wheat;TaCYP78A5-2A haplotype Ap-HapII with higher activity is favourable for improving grain weight and grain yield per plant and has been positively selected in wheat breeding. Then, a functional marker of TaCYP78A5 haplotype Ap-HapII is developed for marker-assisted selection in wheat grain and yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Guo
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Linnan Wu
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Mengdie Zhou
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Baowei Wu
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangli Liu
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementNational Center of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huixian Zhao
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A & F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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25
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Saini DK, Chopra Y, Singh J, Sandhu KS, Kumar A, Bazzer S, Srivastava P. Comprehensive evaluation of mapping complex traits in wheat using genome-wide association studies. Mol Breed 2022; 42:1. [PMID: 37309486 PMCID: PMC10248672 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are effectively applied to detect the marker trait associations (MTAs) using whole genome-wide variants for complex quantitative traits in different crop species. GWAS has been applied in wheat for different quality, biotic and abiotic stresses, and agronomic and yield-related traits. Predictions for marker-trait associations are controlled with the development of better statistical models taking population structure and familial relatedness into account. In this review, we have provided a detailed overview of the importance of association mapping, population design, high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping platforms, advancements in statistical models and multiple threshold comparisons, and recent GWA studies conducted in wheat. The information about MTAs utilized for gene characterization and adopted in breeding programs is also provided. In the literature that we surveyed, as many as 86,122 wheat lines have been studied under various GWA studies reporting 46,940 loci. However, further utilization of these is largely limited. The future breakthroughs in area of genomic selection, multi-omics-based approaches, machine, and deep learning models in wheat breeding after exploring the complex genetic structure with the GWAS are also discussed. This is a most comprehensive study of a large number of reports on wheat GWAS and gives a comparison and timeline of technological developments in this area. This will be useful to new researchers or groups who wish to invest in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Yuvraj Chopra
- College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Karansher S. Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 202002 India
| | - Sumandeep Bazzer
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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26
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Hufnagel B, Soriano A, Taylor J, Divol F, Kroc M, Sanders H, Yeheyis L, Nelson M, Péret B. Pangenome of white lupin provides insights into the diversity of the species. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2532-2543. [PMID: 34346542 PMCID: PMC8633493 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
White lupin is an old crop with renewed interest due to its seed high protein content and high nutritional value. Despite a long domestication history in the Mediterranean basin, modern breeding efforts have been fairly scarce. Recent sequencing of its genome has provided tools for further description of genetic resources but detailed characterization of genomic diversity is still missing. Here, we report the genome sequencing of 39 accessions that were used to establish a white lupin pangenome. We defined 32 068 core genes that are present in all individuals and 14 822 that are absent in some and may represent a gene pool for breeding for improved productivity, grain quality, and stress adaptation. We used this new pangenome resource to identify candidate genes for alkaloid synthesis, a key grain quality trait. The white lupin pangenome provides a novel genetic resource to better understand how domestication has shaped the genomic variability within this crop. Thus, this pangenome resource is an important step towards the effective and efficient genetic improvement of white lupin to help meet the rapidly growing demand for plant protein sources for human and animal consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Hufnagel
- BPMPUniv MontpellierCNRSINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
- Present address:
CIRADUMR AGAP InstitutSEAPAG TeamPetit‐BourgGuadeloupeF‐97170French West Indies
| | | | | | - Fanchon Divol
- BPMPUniv MontpellierCNRSINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Magdalena Kroc
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Péret
- BPMPUniv MontpellierCNRSINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
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27
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Milner MJ, Bowden S, Craze M, Wallington EJ. Ectopic expression of TaBG1 increases seed size and alters nutritional characteristics of the grain in wheat but does not lead to increased yields. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:524. [PMID: 34758742 PMCID: PMC8579524 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use efficiency. Previous findings that the overexpression of OsBG1 in rice increased yields while increasing seed size suggest translating gains from rice to other cereals may help to increase yields. RESULTS The orthologous genes of OsBG1 were identified in wheat. One homoeologous wheat gene was cloned and overexpressed in wheat to understand its role in controlling seed size. Potential alteration in the nutritional profile of the grains were also analyzed in wheat overexpressing TaBG1. It was found that increased TaBG1-A expression could indeed lead to larger seed size but was linked to a reduction in seed number per plant leading to no significant overall increase in yield. Other important components of yield such as biomass or tillering did not change significantly with increased TaBG1-A expression. The nutritional profile of the grain was altered, with a significant decrease in the Zn levels in the grain associated with increased seed size, but Fe and Mn concentrations were unchanged. Protein content of the wheat grain also fell under moderate N fertilization levels but not under deficient or adequate levels of N. CONCLUSIONS TaBG1 does control seed size in wheat but increasing the seed size per se does not increase yield and may come at the cost of lower concentrations of essential elements as well as potentially lower protein content. Nevertheless, TaBG1 could be a useful target for further breeding efforts in combination with other genes for increased biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Bowden
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE UK
| | - Melanie Craze
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE UK
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28
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Jordan KW, Bradbury PJ, Miller ZR, Nyine M, He F, Fraser M, Anderson J, Mason E, Katz A, Pearce S, Carter AH, Prather S, Pumphrey M, Chen J, Cook J, Liu S, Rudd JC, Wang Z, Chu C, Ibrahim AMH, Turkus J, Olson E, Nagarajan R, Carver B, Yan L, Taagen E, Sorrells M, Ward B, Ren J, Akhunova A, Bai G, Bowden R, Fiedler J, Faris J, Dubcovsky J, Guttieri M, Brown-Guedira G, Buckler E, Jannink JL, Akhunov ED. Development of the Wheat Practical Haplotype Graph Database as a Resource for Genotyping Data Storage and Genotype Imputation. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 12:6423995. [PMID: 34751373 PMCID: PMC9210282 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of high-density genotype data storage and imputation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we applied the Practical Haplotype Graph (PHG) tool. The Wheat PHG database was built using whole-exome capture sequencing data from a diverse set of 65 wheat accessions. Population haplotypes were inferred for the reference genome intervals defined by the boundaries of the high-quality gene models. Missing genotypes in the inference panels, composed of wheat cultivars or recombinant inbred lines genotyped by exome capture, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), or whole-genome skim-seq sequencing approaches, were imputed using the Wheat PHG database. Though imputation accuracy varied depending on the method of sequencing and coverage depth, we found 92% imputation accuracy with 0.01× sequence coverage, which was slightly lower than the accuracy obtained using the 0.5× sequence coverage (96.6%). Compared to Beagle, on average, PHG imputation was ∼3.5% (P-value < 2 × 10−14) more accurate, and showed 27% higher accuracy at imputing a rare haplotype introgressed from a wild relative into wheat. We found reduced accuracy of imputation with independent 2× GBS data (88.6%), which increases to 89.2% with the inclusion of parental haplotypes in the database. The accuracy reduction with GBS is likely associated with the small overlap between GBS markers and the exome capture dataset, which was used for constructing PHG. The highest imputation accuracy was obtained with exome capture for the wheat D genome, which also showed the highest levels of linkage disequilibrium and proportion of identity-by-descent regions among accessions in the PHG database. We demonstrate that genetic mapping based on genotypes imputed using PHG identifies SNPs with a broader range of effect sizes that together explain a higher proportion of genetic variance for heading date and meiotic crossover rate compared to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Jordan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.,USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Peter J Bradbury
- USDA-ARS, Plant Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zachary R Miller
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Moses Nyine
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Fei He
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Max Fraser
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jim Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Esten Mason
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Andrew Katz
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Arron H Carter
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Samuel Prather
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Michael Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jianli Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
| | - Jason Cook
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Jackie C Rudd
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Chenggen Chu
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Amir M H Ibrahim
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Jonathan Turkus
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Eric Olson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ragupathi Nagarajan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Brett Carver
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Ellie Taagen
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mark Sorrells
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian Ward
- USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.,Integrative Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
| | - Alina Akhunova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.,Integrative Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Robert Bowden
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Jason Fiedler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Justin Faris
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mary Guttieri
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | | | - Ed Buckler
- USDA-ARS, Plant Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- USDA-ARS, Plant Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Eduard D Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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29
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Paul MJ. What are the regulatory targets for intervention in assimilate partitioning to improve crop yield and resilience? J Plant Physiol 2021; 266:153537. [PMID: 34619557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose utilisation for the synthesis of cellular components involved in growth and development and the accumulation of biomass determines diversity in the plant kingdom; sucrose utilisation and partitioning also underpin crop yields. As a complex process the use of sucrose for the partitioning of plant products for yield is decided by the interaction of several regulatory hubs and the integration of metabolism and development. Understanding the regulation of assimilate partitioning has been a grand challenge in plant and crop science. There are emerging examples of genes and processes that appear important for assimilate partitioning that underpin yield in crops and which are amenable to intervention. Enzymes of carbon metabolism were some of the first targets in attempts to modify assimilate partitioning at the beginning (source) and end (sink) of the whole plant assimilate partitioning process. Metabolic enzymes are subject to regulatory and homeostatic mechanisms, a key factor to consider in modifying assimilate partitioning. Trehalose 6-phosphate, as a sucrose signal, may represent a special case in its ability to regulate and coordinate source and sink processes. This review summarises recent progress in understanding the underlying regulators of assimilate partitioning and the current and potentially most promising routes to crop yield enhancement with a main focus on cereals. A framework for how source-sink may regulate whole plant assimilate partitioning involving a few key elements and the central importance of reproductive development is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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30
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Lyra DH, Griffiths CA, Watson A, Joynson R, Molero G, Igna AA, Hassani-Pak K, Reynolds MP, Hall A, Paul MJ. Gene-based mapping of trehalose biosynthetic pathway genes reveals association with source- and sink-related yield traits in a spring wheat panel. Food Energy Secur 2021; 10:e292. [PMID: 34594548 PMCID: PMC8459250 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose 6‐phosphate (T6P) signalling regulates carbon use and allocation and is a target to improve crop yields. However, the specific contributions of trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPP) genes to source‐ and sink‐related traits remain largely unknown. We used enrichment capture sequencing on TPS and TPP genes to estimate and partition the genetic variation of yield‐related traits in a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding panel specifically built to capture the diversity across the 75,000 CIMMYT wheat cultivar collection. Twelve phenotypes were correlated to variation in TPS and TPP genes including plant height and biomass (source), spikelets per spike, spike growth and grain filling traits (sink) which showed indications of both positive and negative gene selection. Individual genes explained proportions of heritability for biomass and grain‐related traits. Three TPS1 homologues were particularly significant for trait variation. Epistatic interactions were found within and between the TPS and TPP gene families for both plant height and grain‐related traits. Gene‐based prediction improved predictive ability for grain weight when gene effects were combined with the whole‐genome markers. Our study has generated a wealth of information on natural variation of TPS and TPP genes related to yield potential which confirms the role for T6P in resource allocation and in affecting traits such as grain number and size confirming other studies which now opens up the possibility of harnessing natural genetic variation more widely to better understand the contribution of native genes to yield traits for incorporation into breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo H Lyra
- Computational & Analytical Sciences Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | | | - Amy Watson
- Plant Sciences Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | | | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Texcoco Mexico
| | | | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Texcoco Mexico
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31
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Abstract
Tradeoffs among plant traits help maintain relative fitness under unpredictable conditions and maximize reproductive success. However, modifying tradeoffs is a breeding challenge since many genes of minor effect are involved. The intensive crosstalk and fine-tuning between growth and defense responsive phytohormones via transcription factors optimizes growth, reproduction, and stress tolerance. There are regulating genes in grain crops that deploy diverse functions to overcome tradeoffs, e.g., miR-156-IPA1 regulates crosstalk between growth and defense to achieve high disease resistance and yield, while OsALDH2B1 loss of function causes imbalance among defense, growth, and reproduction in rice. GNI-A1 regulates seed number and weight in wheat by suppressing distal florets and altering assimilate distribution of proximal seeds in spikelets. Knocking out ABA-induced transcription repressors (AITRs) enhances abiotic stress adaptation without fitness cost in Arabidopsis. Deploying AITRs homologs in grain crops may facilitate breeding. This knowledge suggests overcoming tradeoffs through breeding may expose new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
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32
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Sales CRG, Wang Y, Evers JB, Kromdijk J. Improving C4 photosynthesis to increase productivity under optimal and suboptimal conditions. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:5942-5960. [PMID: 34268575 PMCID: PMC8411859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely recognized as an underutilized strategy to increase crop yields, research in this area is strongly biased towards species with C3 photosynthesis relative to C4 species. Here, we outline potential strategies for improving C4 photosynthesis to increase yields in crops by reviewing the major bottlenecks limiting the C4 NADP-malic enzyme pathway under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Recent experimental results demonstrate that steady-state C4 photosynthesis under non-stressed conditions can be enhanced by increasing Rubisco content or electron transport capacity, both of which may also stimulate CO2 assimilation at supraoptimal temperatures. Several additional putative bottlenecks for photosynthetic performance under drought, heat, or chilling stress or during photosynthetic induction await further experimental verification. Based on source-sink interactions in maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, alleviating these photosynthetic bottlenecks during establishment and growth of the harvestable parts are likely to improve yield. The expected benefits are also shown to be augmented by the increasing trend in planting density, which increases the impact of photosynthetic source limitation on crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis (WUR), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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33
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Dreisigacker S, Burgueño J, Pacheco A, Molero G, Sukumaran S, Rivera-Amado C, Reynolds M, Griffiths S. Effect of Flowering Time-Related Genes on Biomass, Harvest Index, and Grain Yield in CIMMYT Elite Spring Bread Wheat. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:855. [PMID: 34571732 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Allelic variants of vernalization (Vrn), photoperiod (Ppd), and earliness per se (Eps) genes in two panels of elite spring wheat were used to estimate their effects on the phenological stages, biomass (BM), harvest index (HI), and grain yield (YLD). Major spring alleles of Vrn-1 had the largest effect on shortening the time to anthesis, while the Ppd-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a had the most significant positive effect on YLD. Furthermore, alleles at recently identified loci TaTOE-B1 and TaFT3-B1 promoted between 3.8% and 7.6% higher YLD and 4.2% and 10.2% higher HI in the two panels. Further, when the possible effects of the TaTOE-B1 and TaFT3-B1 alleles on the sink and source traits were explored, the favorable allele at TaTOE-B1 showed positive effects on several sink traits related mainly to the grain number. Favorable alleles at TaFT3-B1 followed a different pattern, with positive effects on the traits related to grain weight. The results of this study expanded the wheat breeders’ toolbox in the quest to breed better-adapted and higher-yielding wheat cultivars. Abstract Grain yield (YLD) is a function of the total biomass (BM) and of partitioning the biomass by grains, i.e., the harvest index (HI). The most critical developmental stage for their determination is the flowering time, which mainly depends on the vernalization requirement (Vrn) and photoperiod sensitivity genes (Ppd) loci. Allelic variants at the Vrn, Ppd, and earliness per se (Eps) genes of elite spring wheat genotypes included in High Biomass Association Panel (HiBAP) I and II were used to estimate their effects on the phenological stages BM, HI, and YLD. Each panel was grown for two consecutive years in Northwest Mexico. Spring alleles at Vrn-1 had the largest effect on shortening the time to anthesis, and the Ppd-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a had the most significant positive effect on YLD in both panels. In addition, alleles at TaTOE-B1 and TaFT3-B1 promoted between 3.8% and 7.6% higher YLD and 4.2% and 10.2% higher HI in HiBAP I and II, respectively. When the possible effects of the TaTOE-B1 and TaFT3-B1 alleles on the sink and source traits were explored, the favorable allele at TaTOE-B1 showed positive effects on several sink traits mainly related to grain number. The favorable alleles at TaFT3-B1 followed a different pattern, with positive effects on the traits related to grain weight. The results of this study expanded the wheat breeders’ toolbox in the quest to breed better-adapted and higher-yielding wheat cultivars.
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34
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Joynson R, Molero G, Coombes B, Gardiner L, Rivera‐Amado C, Piñera‐Chávez FJ, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Reynolds MP, Hall A. Uncovering candidate genes involved in photosynthetic capacity using unexplored genetic variation in Spring Wheat. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1537-1552. [PMID: 33638599 PMCID: PMC8384606 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To feed an ever-increasing population we must leverage advances in genomics and phenotyping to harness the variation in wheat breeding populations for traits like photosynthetic capacity which remains unoptimized. Here we survey a diverse set of wheat germplasm containing elite, introgression and synthetic derivative lines uncovering previously uncharacterized variation. We demonstrate how strategic integration of exotic material alleviates the D genome genetic bottleneck in wheat, increasing SNP rate by 62% largely due to Ae. tauschii synthetic wheat donors. Across the panel, 67% of the Ae. tauschii donor genome is represented as introgressions in elite backgrounds. We show how observed genetic variation together with hyperspectral reflectance data can be used to identify candidate genes for traits relating to photosynthetic capacity using association analysis. This demonstrates the value of genomic methods in uncovering hidden variation in wheat and how that variation can assist breeding efforts and increase our understanding of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | | | | - Carolina Rivera‐Amado
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | | | - John R. Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational PhotosynthesisAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational PhotosynthesisAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
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35
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Reynolds MP, Lewis JM, Ammar K, Basnet BR, Crespo-Herrera L, Crossa J, Dhugga KS, Dreisigacker S, Juliana P, Karwat H, Kishii M, Krause MR, Langridge P, Lashkari A, Mondal S, Payne T, Pequeno D, Pinto F, Sansaloni C, Schulthess U, Singh RP, Sonder K, Sukumaran S, Xiong W, Braun HJ. Harnessing translational research in wheat for climate resilience. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:5134-5157. [PMID: 34139769 PMCID: PMC8272565 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the world's most widely grown crop, research investments in wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum) fall behind those in other staple crops. Current yield gains will not meet 2050 needs, and climate stresses compound this challenge. However, there is good evidence that heat and drought resilience can be boosted through translating promising ideas into novel breeding technologies using powerful new tools in genetics and remote sensing, for example. Such technologies can also be applied to identify climate resilience traits from among the vast and largely untapped reserve of wheat genetic resources in collections worldwide. This review describes multi-pronged research opportunities at the focus of the Heat and Drought Wheat Improvement Consortium (coordinated by CIMMYT), which together create a pipeline to boost heat and drought resilience, specifically: improving crop design targets using big data approaches; developing phenomic tools for field-based screening and research; applying genomic technologies to elucidate the bases of climate resilience traits; and applying these outputs in developing next-generation breeding methods. The global impact of these outputs will be validated through the International Wheat Improvement Network, a global germplasm development and testing system that contributes key productivity traits to approximately half of the global wheat-growing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Janet M Lewis
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Karim Ammar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Bhoja R Basnet
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kanwarpal S Dhugga
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Hannes Karwat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Masahiro Kishii
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Margaret R Krause
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
- Wheat Initiative, Julius Kühn-Institute, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Azam Lashkari
- CIMMYT-Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Suchismita Mondal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Thomas Payne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Diego Pequeno
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pinto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Carolina Sansaloni
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Urs Schulthess
- CIMMYT-Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kai Sonder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Wei Xiong
- CIMMYT-Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Hans J Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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36
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Robles-Zazueta CA, Molero G, Pinto F, Foulkes MJ, Reynolds MP, Murchie EH. Field-based remote sensing models predict radiation use efficiency in wheat. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3756-3773. [PMID: 33713415 PMCID: PMC8096595 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yields are stagnating or declining in many regions, requiring efforts to improve the light conversion efficiency, known as radiation use efficiency (RUE). RUE is a key trait in plant physiology because it links light capture and primary metabolism with biomass accumulation and yield, but its measurement is time consuming and this has limited its use in fundamental research and large-scale physiological breeding. In this study, high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) approaches were used among a population of field-grown wheat with variation in RUE and photosynthetic traits to build predictive models of RUE, biomass, and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR). Three approaches were used: best combination of sensors; canopy vegetation indices; and partial least squares regression. The use of remote sensing models predicted RUE with up to 70% accuracy compared with ground truth data. Water indices and canopy greenness indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI)] are the better option to predict RUE, biomass, and IPAR, and indices related to gas exchange, non-photochemical quenching [photochemical reflectance index (PRI)] and senescence [structural-insensitive pigment index (SIPI)] are better predictors for these traits at the vegetative and grain-filling stages, respectively. These models will be instrumental to explain canopy processes, improve crop growth and yield modelling, and potentially be used to predict RUE in different crops or ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Robles-Zazueta
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD,UK
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico CP
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico CP
- KWS Momont Recherche, 7 rue de Martinval, 59246 Mons-en-Pevele,France
| | - Francisco Pinto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico CP
| | - M John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD,UK
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico CP
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD,UK
- Correspondence:
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37
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Calderini DF, Castillo FM, Arenas‐M A, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Craze M, Bowden S, Milner MJ, Wallington EJ, Dowle A, Gomez LD, McQueen‐Mason SJ. Overcoming the trade-off between grain weight and number in wheat by the ectopic expression of expansin in developing seeds leads to increased yield potential. New Phytol 2021; 230:629-640. [PMID: 33124693 PMCID: PMC8048851 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown crop globally, providing 20% of all human calories and protein. Achieving step changes in genetic yield potential is crucial to ensure food security, but efforts are thwarted by an apparent trade-off between grain size and number. Expansins are proteins that play important roles in plant growth by enhancing stress relaxation in the cell wall, which constrains cell expansion. Here, we describe how targeted overexpression of an α-expansin in early developing wheat seeds leads to a significant increase in grain size without a negative effect on grain number, resulting in a yield boost under field conditions. The best-performing transgenic line yielded 12.3% higher average grain weight than the control, and this translated to an increase in grain yield of 11.3% in field experiments using an agronomically appropriate plant density. This targeted transgenic approach provides an opportunity to overcome a common bottleneck to yield improvement across many crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Calderini
- Institute of Plant Production and ProtectionUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla TejaValdivia5090000Chile
| | - Francisca M. Castillo
- Institute of Plant Production and ProtectionUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla TejaValdivia5090000Chile
- Institute of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia5090000Chile
| | - Anita Arenas‐M
- Institute of Plant Production and ProtectionUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla TejaValdivia5090000Chile
- Institute of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia5090000Chile
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El BatánTexcocoCP 56237Mexico
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El BatánTexcocoCP 56237Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Dowle
- CNAPBiology DepartmentUniversity of YorkWentworth Way, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5YWUK
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- CNAPBiology DepartmentUniversity of YorkWentworth Way, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5YWUK
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Volpato L, Pinto F, González-Pérez L, Thompson IG, Borém A, Reynolds M, Gérard B, Molero G, Rodrigues FA. High Throughput Field Phenotyping for Plant Height Using UAV-Based RGB Imagery in Wheat Breeding Lines: Feasibility and Validation. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:591587. [PMID: 33664755 PMCID: PMC7921806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.591587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant height (PH) is an essential trait in the screening of most crops. While in crops such as wheat, medium stature helps reduce lodging, tall plants are preferred to increase total above-ground biomass. PH is an easy trait to measure manually, although it can be labor-intense depending on the number of plots. There is an increasing demand for alternative approaches to estimate PH in a higher throughput mode. Crop surface models (CSMs) derived from dense point clouds generated via aerial imagery could be used to estimate PH. This study evaluates PH estimation at different phenological stages using plot-level information from aerial imaging-derived 3D CSM in wheat inbred lines during two consecutive years. Multi-temporal and high spatial resolution images were collected by fixed-wing (P l a t F W ) and multi-rotor (P l a t M R ) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms over two wheat populations (50 and 150 lines). The PH was measured and compared at four growth stages (GS) using ground-truth measurements (PHground) and UAV-based estimates (PHaerial). The CSMs generated from the aerial imagery were validated using ground control points (GCPs) as fixed reference targets at different heights. The results show that PH estimations using P l a t F W were consistent with those obtained from P l a t M R , showing some slight differences due to image processing settings. The GCPs heights derived from CSM showed a high correlation and low error compared to their actual heights (R 2 ≥ 0.90, RMSE ≤ 4 cm). The coefficient of determination (R 2) between PHground and PHaerial at different GS ranged from 0.35 to 0.88, and the root mean square error (RMSE) from 0.39 to 4.02 cm for both platforms. In general, similar and higher heritability was obtained using PHaerial across different GS and years and ranged according to the variability, and environmental error of the PHground observed (0.06-0.97). Finally, we also observed high Spearman rank correlations (0.47-0.91) and R 2 (0.63-0.95) of PHaerial adjusted and predicted values against PHground values. This study provides an example of the use of UAV-based high-resolution RGB imagery to obtain time-series estimates of PH, scalable to tens-of-thousands of plots, and thus suitable to be applied in plant wheat breeding trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Volpato
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Francisco Pinto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Aluízio Borém
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Bruno Gérard
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
- KWS Momont Recherche, Mons-en-Pevele, France
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Paul MJ, Watson A, Griffiths CA. Trehalose 6-phosphate signalling and impact on crop yield. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2127-2137. [PMID: 33005918 PMCID: PMC7609034 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The domestication and breeding of crops has been a major achievement for mankind enabling the development of stable societies and civilisation. Crops have become more productive per unit area of cultivated land over the course of domestication supporting a current global population of 7.8 billion. Food security crops such as wheat and maize have seen large changes compared with early progenitors. Amongst processes that have been altered in these crops, is the allocation of carbon resources to support larger grain yield (grain number and size). In wheat, reduction in stem height has enabled diversion of resources from stems to ears. This has freed up carbon to support greater grain yield. Green revolution genes responsible for reductions in stem height are known, but a unifying mechanism for the active regulation of carbon resource allocation towards and within sinks has however been lacking. The trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) signalling system has emerged as a mechanism of resource allocation and has been implicated in several crop traits including assimilate partitioning and improvement of yield in different environments. Understanding the mode of action of T6P through the SnRK1 protein kinase regulatory system is providing a basis for a unifying mechanism controlling whole-plant resource allocation and source-sink interactions in crops. Latest results show it is likely that the T6P/SnRK1 pathway can be harnessed for further improvements such as grain number and grain filling traits and abiotic stress resilience through targeted gene editing, breeding and chemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Amy Watson
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Cara A. Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, U.K
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Guo J, Khan J, Pradhan S, Shahi D, Khan N, Avci M, Mcbreen J, Harrison S, Brown-Guedira G, Murphy JP, Johnson J, Mergoum M, Esten Mason R, Ibrahim AMH, Sutton R, Griffey C, Babar MA. Multi-Trait Genomic Prediction of Yield-Related Traits in US Soft Wheat under Variable Water Regimes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111270. [PMID: 33126620 PMCID: PMC7716228 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of genomic prediction (GP) on genetically correlated traits can be improved through an interdependence multi-trait model under a multi-environment context. In this study, a panel of 237 soft facultative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines was evaluated to compare single- and multi-trait models for predicting grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), spike fertility (SF), and thousand grain weight (TGW). The panel was phenotyped in two locations and two years in Florida under drought and moderately drought stress conditions, while the genotyping was performed using 27,957 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) makers. Five predictive models including Multi-environment Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (MGBLUP), Bayesian Multi-trait Multi-environment (BMTME), Bayesian Multi-output Regressor Stacking (BMORS), Single-trait Multi-environment Deep Learning (SMDL), and Multi-trait Multi-environment Deep Learning (MMDL) were compared. Across environments, the multi-trait statistical model (BMTME) was superior to the multi-trait DL model for prediction accuracy in most scenarios, but the DL models were comparable to the statistical models for response to selection. The multi-trait model also showed 5 to 22% more genetic gain compared to the single-trait model across environment reflected by the response to selection. Overall, these results suggest that multi-trait genomic prediction can be an efficient strategy for economically important yield component related traits in soft wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Sumit Pradhan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Dipendra Shahi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Muhsin Avci
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Jordan Mcbreen
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Stephen Harrison
- School of Plant Environment and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | | | - Joseph Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 32223, USA; (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 32223, USA; (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Richanrd Esten Mason
- Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Amir M. H. Ibrahim
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.M.H.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Russel Sutton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.M.H.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Carl Griffey
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Md Ali Babar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen J, Cao F, Li H, Shan S, Tao Z, Lei T, Liu Y, Xiao Z, Zou Y, Huang M, Abou-Elwafa SF. Genotypic variation in the grain photosynthetic contribution to grain filling in rice. J Plant Physiol 2020; 253:153269. [PMID: 32906075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grain filling in rice, a staple cereal crop worldwide, is a critical determinant of grain yield and quality. However, there is little available information on the relationship between grain filling and grain photosynthetic capacity in rice. This study evaluated the genetic diversity among six rice cultivars for their grain filling rate (GR0) and the relationships with the grain chlorophyll contents and grain net photosynthetic rate (PN). Significant variations in GR0, PN, and the chlorophyll contents (a, b, and total) in the grains of the cultivars were observed. Approximately 90 % of the variation in GR0 was explained by the grain PN. General linear model regression revealed significant positive correlations between PN/GR0 and the chlorophyll contents (a, b, and total) in the grains. There was also a significant positive correlation between PN and GR0. These positive correlations suggest a direct positive relationship between the grain filling rate and grain chlorophyll contents, which is indicative of the high photosynthetic capacity of the grains during the early grain filling period. These results suggest that the grain chlorophyll contents could be used as a molecular marker in marker-assisted breeding programs for rice cultivars with high grain net photosynthetic capacity during the early period of grain filling to improve grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Chen
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangbo Cao
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuanglü Shan
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zui Tao
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwu Xiao
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbin Zou
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Huang
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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Reynolds M, Chapman S, Crespo-Herrera L, Molero G, Mondal S, Pequeno DNL, Pinto F, Pinera-Chavez FJ, Poland J, Rivera-Amado C, Saint Pierre C, Sukumaran S. Breeder friendly phenotyping. Plant Sci 2020; 295:110396. [PMID: 32534615 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The word phenotyping can nowadays invoke visions of a drone or phenocart moving swiftly across research plots collecting high-resolution data sets on a wide array of traits. This has been made possible by recent advances in sensor technology and data processing. Nonetheless, more comprehensive often destructive phenotyping still has much to offer in breeding as well as research. This review considers the 'breeder friendliness' of phenotyping within three main domains: (i) the 'minimum data set', where being 'handy' or accessible and easy to collect and use is paramount, visual assessment often being preferred; (ii) the high throughput phenotyping (HTP), relatively new for most breeders, and requiring significantly greater investment with technical hurdles for implementation and a steeper learning curve than the minimum data set; (iii) detailed characterization or 'precision' phenotyping, typically customized for a set of traits associated with a target environment and requiring significant time and resources. While having been the subject of debate in the past, extra investment for phenotyping is becoming more accepted to capitalize on recent developments in crop genomics and prediction models, that can be built from the high-throughput and detailed precision phenotypes. This review considers different contexts for phenotyping, including breeding, exploration of genetic resources, parent building and translational research to deliver other new breeding resources, and how the different categories of phenotyping listed above apply to each. Some of the same tools and rules of thumb apply equally well to phenotyping for genetic analysis of complex traits and gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Chapman
- CISRO Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, Mexico
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Furbank RT, Sharwood R, Estavillo GM, Silva-Perez V, Condon AG. Photons to food: genetic improvement of cereal crop photosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2226-2238. [PMID: 32083680 PMCID: PMC7135014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has become a major trait of interest for cereal yield improvement as breeders appear to have reached the theoretical genetic limit for harvest index, the mass of grain as a proportion of crop biomass. Yield improvements afforded by the adoption of green revolution dwarfing genes to wheat and rice are becoming exhausted, and improvements in biomass and radiation use efficiency are now sought in these crops. Exploring genetic diversity in photosynthesis is now possible using high-throughput techniques, and low-cost genotyping facilitates discovery of the genetic architecture underlying this variation. Photosynthetic traits have been shown to be highly heritable, and significant variation is present for these traits in available germplasm. This offers hope that breeding for improved photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency in cereal crops is tractable and a useful shorter term adjunct to genetic and genome engineering to boost yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert Sharwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Li X, Wang P, Li J, Wei S, Yan Y, Yang J, Zhao M, Langdale JA, Zhou W. Maize GOLDEN2-LIKE genes enhance biomass and grain yields in rice by improving photosynthesis and reducing photoinhibition. Commun Biol 2020; 3:151. [PMID: 32238902 PMCID: PMC7113295 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency is a major target for improvement of crop yield potential under agricultural field conditions. Inefficiencies can occur in many steps of the photosynthetic process, from chloroplast biogenesis to functioning of the light harvesting and carbon fixation reactions. Nuclear-encoded GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate some of the earliest steps by activating target genes encoding chloroplast-localized and photosynthesis-related proteins. Here we show that constitutive expression of maize GLK genes in rice leads to enhanced levels of chlorophylls and pigment-protein antenna complexes, and that these increases lead to improved light harvesting efficiency via photosystem II in field-grown plants. Increased levels of xanthophylls further buffer the negative effects of photoinhibition under high or fluctuating light conditions by facilitating greater dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat. Significantly, the enhanced photosynthetic capacity of field-grown transgenic plants resulted in increased carbohydrate levels and a 30–40% increase in both vegetative biomass and grain yield. Li et al. improve photosynthetic efficiency in rice by constitutively expressing maize GOLDEN2-like (GLK) genes (ZmG2 and ZmGLK1). They are able to reduce photoinhibition and enhance the photosynthetic potential as well as increase the carbohydrate, biomass and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Wei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 201602, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China.
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Alqudah AM, Haile JK, Alomari DZ, Pozniak CJ, Kobiljski B, Börner A. Genome-wide and SNP network analyses reveal genetic control of spikelet sterility and yield-related traits in wheat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2098. [PMID: 32034248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Revealing the genetic factors underlying yield and agronomic traits in wheat are an imperative need for covering the global food demand. Yield boosting requires a deep understanding of the genetic basis of grain yield-related traits (e.g., spikelet fertility and sterility). Here, we have detected much natural variation among ancient hexaploid wheat accessions in twenty-two agronomic traits collected over eight years of field experiments. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 15 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was applied to detect the genetic basis of studied traits. Subsequently, the GWAS output was reinforced via other statistical and bioinformatics analyses to detect putative candidate genes. Applying the genome-wide SNP-phenotype network defined the most decisive SNPs underlying the traits. Six pivotal SNPs, co-located physically within the genes encoding enzymes, hormone response, metal ion transport, and response to oxidative stress have been identified. Of these, metal ion transport and Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) genes showed strong involvement in controlling the spikelet sterility, which had not been reported previously in wheat. SNP-gene haplotype analysis confirmed that these SNPs influence spikelet sterility, especially the SNP co-located on the exon of the GA2ox gene. Interestingly, these genes were highly expressed in the grain and spike, demonstrating their pivotal role in controlling the trait. The integrative analysis strategy applied in this study, including GWAS, SNP-phenotype network, SNP-gene haplotype, expression analysis, and genome-wide prediction (GP), empower the identification of functional SNPs and causal genes. GP outputs obtained in this study are encouraging for the implementation of the traits to accelerate yield improvement by making an early prediction of complex yield-related traits in wheat. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of the ancient wheat material as a valuable resource for yield-boosting. This is the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis for spikelet sterility in wheat, and the results provide insights into yield improvement.
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Gámez AL, Vicente R, Sanchez-Bragado R, Jauregui I, Morcuende R, Goicoechea N, Aranjuelo I. Differential Flag Leaf and Ear Photosynthetic Performance Under Elevated (CO 2) Conditions During Grain Filling Period in Durum Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:587958. [PMID: 33391300 PMCID: PMC7775369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of CO2 (CO2) in plants with C3 photosynthesis metabolism, such as wheat, stimulate photosynthetic rates. However, photosynthesis tends to decrease as a function of exposure to high (CO2) due to down-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery, and this phenomenon is defined as photosynthetic acclimation. Considerable efforts are currently done to determine the effect of photosynthetic tissues, such us spike, in grain filling. There is good evidence that the contribution of ears to grain filling may be important not only under good agronomic conditions but also under high (CO2). The main objective of this study was to compare photoassimilate production and energy metabolism between flag leaves and glumes as part of ears of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum cv. Amilcar) plants exposed to ambient [a(CO2)] and elevated [e(CO2)] (CO2) (400 and 700 μmol mol-1, respectively). Elevated CO2 had a differential effect on the responses of flag leaves and ears. The ears showed higher gross photosynthesis and respiration rates compared to the flag leaves. The higher ear carbohydrate content and respiration rates contribute to increase the grain dry mass. Our results support the concept that acclimation of photosynthesis to e(CO2) is driven by sugar accumulation, reduction in N concentrations and repression of genes related to photosynthesis, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and that these were more marked in glumes than leaves. Further, important differences are described on responsiveness of flag leaves and ears to e(CO2) on genes linked with carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These findings provide information about the impact of e(CO2) on ear development during the grain filling stage and are significant for understanding the effects of increasing (CO2) on crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L. Gámez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnología Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rut Sanchez-Bragado
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida – AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván Jauregui
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Departamento Biología Ambiental, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias (Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza, e ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- *Correspondence: Iker Aranjuelo,
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Deery DM, Rebetzke GJ, Jimenez-Berni JA, Condon AG, Smith DJ, Bechaz KM, Bovill WD. Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat. Plant Phenomics 2020; 2020:8329798. [PMID: 33313565 PMCID: PMC7706344 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8329798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly repeatable, nondestructive, and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass (AGB) and crop growth rate (CGR) are important for wheat improvement programs. This study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR: 3D voxel index (3DVI) and 3D profile index (3DPI). Across three field experiments, contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture, several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to anthesis. Phenotypic correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant, ranging from 0.31 (P < 0.05) to 0.86 (P < 0.0001), providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for AGB. The repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB, particularly under water limitation. The correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between experiments. However, across all experiments, the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB, except for the 3DPI in the water-limited environment. In our experiments, the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB, both at discrete time points and when CGR was calculated. These findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR, as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR, for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.
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Mathew I, Shimelis H, Shayanowako AIT, Laing M, Chaplot V. Genome-wide association study of drought tolerance and biomass allocation in wheat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225383. [PMID: 31800595 PMCID: PMC6892492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are important in discerning the genetic architecture of complex traits such as biomass allocation for improving drought tolerance and carbon sequestration potential of wheat. The objectives of this study were to deduce the population structure and marker-trait association for biomass traits in wheat under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. A 100-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype panel was phenotyped for days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root to shoot ratio (RS) and grain yield (GY). The panel was sequenced using 15,600 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers and subjected to genetic analysis using the compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) at false discovery rate (FDR < 0.05). Population structure analysis revealed six sub-clusters with high membership ancestry coefficient of ≤0.65 to their assigned sub-clusters. A total of 75 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified with a linkage disequilibrium threshold of 0.38 at 5cM. Thirty-seven of the MTAs were detected under drought-stressed condition and 48% were on the B genome, where most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RB, SB and GY were previously identified. There were seven pleiotropic markers for RB and SB that may facilitate simultaneous selection. Thirty-seven putative candidate genes were mined by gene annotation on the IWGSC RefSeq 1.1. The significant MTAs observed in this study will be useful in devising strategies for marker-assisted breeding for simultaneous improvement of drought tolerance and to enhance C sequestration capacity of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isack Mathew
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Laing
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Vincent Chaplot
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC, IRD, CNRS, MNHN, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et approches numériques (LOCEAN), IPSL, Paris, France
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