1
|
Ogurkowska M, Podgórski T, Nowak A. Association of cartilage metabolism biomarkers and 25(OH)D levels with muscle biomechanical functions in professional rowers and canoeists. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1112. [PMID: 38212477 PMCID: PMC10784497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the association of cartilage metabolism biomarkers and vitamin D metabolite levels with muscle biomechanical functions in professional rowers and canoeists. The serum levels of aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined in elite male sweep-oar rowers (n = 24) and canoeists (n = 15). This was followed by a biomechanical study consisting in isometric measurement of peak torque (PT) of muscles involved in the rowing cycle in the athletes. There were found significant correlations of COMP with the ratio of trunk PT flexor to extensor (p < 0.05) and 25(OH)D with trunk PT-left rotators (p < 0.05), knee joints PT-left and right flexor (p ≤ 0.01), ratio of knee joint PT-right flexor to knee joint PT-right extensor (p < 0.05) in rowers and aggreccan with elbow joint PT of the right flexor (p ≤ 0.01) and extensor (p = 0.05) in canoeists. The correlations of COMP and aggrecan levels with PT of the muscle groups studied in rowers and canoeists indicate the importance of stabilizing the muscular system in cartilage metabolism. The relationship between 25(OH)D status and biomechanical parameters confirm that vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ogurkowska
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Nowak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang CH, Ho CS, Li F, Chen CY, Yeh HC, Ho CA. Acute effects of muscle mechanical properties after 2000-m rowing in young male rowers. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16737. [PMID: 38188161 PMCID: PMC10771759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanical properties of muscles, such as changes in muscle tone and stiffness, are related to sports performance and injuries. Rowers are at increased risk of muscle fatigue and injury during high-repetition and heavy-load cyclic muscle actions. In view of this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect on muscle tone and stiffness, as well as bilateral muscle asymmetry, in high school rowers after a 2000-meter rowing ergometer test. Methods Twelve young male rowers (age = 17.1 ± 0.9 years, body weight = 73.5 ± 9.7 kg) were included in the study. The data of muscle tone (frequency) and stiffness of the posterior deltoids (PD), latissimus dorsi (LD), and rectus femoris (RF) (dominant and non-dominant side) before and after a 2000-m rowing ergometer test were collected using a handheld MyotonPRO device. Results After the rowing ergometer test, the muscle tone of dominant side PD, LD, and RF were significantly increased (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the muscle stiffness of the non-dominant side LD and RF, as well as the dominant side PD, LD, and RF were significantly increased after the rowing ergometer test (p < 0.05). The muscle tone and stiffness results showed that the dominant side PD, LD, and RF were all significantly higher than the non-dominant side after the rowing ergometer test (p < 0.05), where bilateral PD and RF exhibits moderate asymmetry (5% < symmetry index < 10%). Conclusions After a high-intensity and high-load 2000-m rowing ergometer test, PD, LD, and RF showed increases in muscle tone and stiffness, as well as changes in the symmetry of bilateral muscle mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Fang Li
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Sport Office, National Taipei University of Business, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-An Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Herrebrøden H, Jensenius AR, Espeseth T, Bishop L, Vuoskoski JK. Cognitive load causes kinematic changes in both elite and non-elite rowers. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 90:103113. [PMID: 37331066 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The current motor literature suggests that extraneous cognitive load may affect performance and kinematics in a primary motor task. A common response to increased cognitive demand, as observed in past studies, might be to reduce movement complexity and revert to previously learned movement patterns, in line with the progression-regression hypothesis. However, according to several accounts of automaticity, motor experts should be able to cope with dual task demands without detriment to their performance and kinematics. To test this, we conducted an experiment asking elite and non-elite rowers to use a rowing ergometer under conditions of varying task load. We employed single-task conditions with low cognitive load (i.e., rowing only) and dual-task conditions with high cognitive load (i.e., rowing and solving arithmetic problems). The results of the cognitive load manipulations were mostly in line with our hypotheses. Overall, participants reduced movement complexity, for example by reverting towards tighter coupling of kinematic events, in their dual-task performance as compared to single-task performance. The between-group kinematic differences were less clear. In contradiction to our hypotheses, we found no significant interaction between skill level and cognitive load, suggesting that the rowers' kinematics were affected by cognitive load irrespective of skill level. Overall, our findings contradict several past findings and automaticity theories, and suggest that attentional resources are required for optimal sports performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Herrebrøden
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway.
| | - Alexander Refsum Jensenius
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway; Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Lovisenberggata 13, Oslo 0456, Norway.
| | - Laura Bishop
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jonna Katariina Vuoskoski
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway; Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Legge N, Watsford M, Sharp P, O'Meara D, Slattery K. "A feeling for run and rhythm": coaches' perspectives of performance, talent, and progression in rowing. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:927-936. [PMID: 37609886 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2249752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of rowing performance has been predominantly gained through quantitative sports science-based research. In combination with this objective information, coaches' experiences may provide important contextual information for how this quantitative evidence is implemented into training programmes. The aims of this study were to (1) explore coaches' perspectives of performance indicators for competitive rowing in junior rowers, and (2) identify coaches' recommendations for developing effective technique and movement competency among junior rowers who have the potential to transition to elite competition. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced rowing coaches through purposive sampling of an accredited coaching network. Participants' coaching experience ranged from 5 to 46 (M = 22, SD = 10) years. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified including, (1) getting the basics right, (2) targeting types of talent, and (3) complexities of performance. Based on these findings, sequence and boat feel, supported through the movement competency provided by hip flexibility and the trunk musculature, were considered critical for executing correct technique. Developing talent and understanding successful performance are both complex concepts when considering the individual athlete. Coaches' perspectives provided insight into key components of performance to enhance our understanding of how to better develop junior rowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Legge
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Watsford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Sharp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Damien O'Meara
- Sport Science Department, NSW Institute of Sport, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie Slattery
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Puce L, Biz C, Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Currà A, Cavaggioni L, Formica M, Vecchi V, Cerchiaro MC, Trabelsi K, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. A Scoping Review with Bibliometric Analysis of Para-Rowing: State of the Art and Future Directions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060849. [PMID: 36981506 PMCID: PMC10047928 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Para-rowing is a format of rowing practiced by people with different types of disabilities, thanks to adapted equipment set-ups and regulations. Para-rowing made its debut recently at the 2008 Paralympic Games. According to the mandate of the “International Paralympic Committee”, para-rowers should be enabled to pursue sporting excellence. Therefore, rigorous research is needed in terms of well-designed, high-quality studies. To the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic appraisals of the body of scholarly evidence in the field of para-rowing. As such, a scoping review enhanced by bibliometric analyses was carried out to provide a comprehensive synthesis of knowledge related to para-rowing for the perusal of practitioners and athletes. By mining eighteen major databases, 17 studies were retained in the present review. The included studies were found to focus on a range of aspects involving health, the etiology of injuries (n = 5), psychological and physiological responses (n = 5), performance, biomechanical analysis (n = 4), and new analytical approaches for kinematic assessments and predictions of mechanical outputs in para-rowers (n = 3). The scholarly community on para-rowing consists of 78 researchers, 16 (20.51%) of whom are highly interconnected. The most prolific author was Smoljanović T., from Croatia, with three items/documents. In total, 93.6% of scholars have authored one single document. Topological features indicated a highly fragmented and dispersed, poorly connected community characterized by a high number of clusters and a low strength of connections. In terms of publication years, the first scholarly article dates back to 2008, with four articles (23.5%) published in the current year, showing an increasing interest in this para-sports discipline. Finally, gaps in current research on para-rowing were identified in terms of overlooked topics, including sports nutrition, doping, and psychological aspects in para-rowers other than those with visual impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Currà
- Academic Neurology Unit, A. Fiorini Hospital, 04019 Terracina, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
- Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Formica
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Orthopedic Clinic, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vittorio Vecchi
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cerchiaro
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Syrová K, Šíchová K, Danda H, Lhotková E, Jorratt P, Pinterová-Leca N, Vejmola Č, Olejníková-Ladislavová L, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Páleníček T. Acute pharmacological profile of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe in male Wistar rats—pharmacokinetics, effects on behaviour and thermoregulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120419. [PMID: 36969854 PMCID: PMC10033663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:N-2-methoxy-benzylated (“NBOMe”) analogues of phenethylamine are a group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) with reported strong psychedelic effects in sub-milligram doses linked to a number of severe intoxications, including fatal ones. In our present work, we provide a detailed investigation of pharmacokinetics and acute behavioural effects of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-4-yl)-N-[(2-methoxybenzyl]ethan-1-amine), an analogue of popular psychedelic entactogen 2C-B (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine).Methods: All experiments were conducted on adult male Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (1 mg/kg subcutaneously; s. c.) in blood serum and brain tissue were analysed over 24 h using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). For examination of behavioural parameters in open field test (OFT) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reaction (ASR), 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg s. c.) was administered in two temporal onsets: 15 and 60 min after administration. Thermoregulatory changes were evaluated in individually and group-housed animals over 8 h following the highest dose used in behavioural experiments (5 mg/kg s. c.).Results: Peak drug concentrations were detected 30 and 60 min after the drug application in serum (28 ng/ml) and brain tissue (171 ng/g), respectively. The parental compound was still present in the brain 8 h after administration. Locomotor activity was dose-dependently reduced by the drug in both temporal testing onsets. ASR was also strongly disrupted in both temporal onsets, drug’s effect on PPI was weaker. 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe did not cause any significant thermoregulatory changes.Discussion: Our results suggest that 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe penetrates animal brain tissue in a relatively slow manner, induces significant inhibitory effects on motor performance, and attenuates sensorimotor gating. Its overall profile is similar to closely related analogue 2C-B and other NBOMe substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Syrová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hynek Danda
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Olejníková-Ladislavová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomáš Páleníček, ; Martin Kuchař,
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomáš Páleníček, ; Martin Kuchař,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Engstrom I, Anderson K, Bez E, Agresta C, Telfer S. The effect of foot-stretcher position and stroke rate on ergometer rowing kinematics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285676. [PMID: 37167317 PMCID: PMC10174490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rowing ergometers are popular tools for general fitness and competitive crew teams. The effect of the equipment set up on the rowing stroke has received limited attention. This study aimed to determine the effects of altering the foot-stretcher position on rowing kinematics across different stroke rates. Eleven college-level rowers took part in this study. A rowing ergometer was modified to allow the height and angle of the foot-stretcher to be adjusted. Seven foot-stretcher positions were tested, each at rates of 22, 26, and 32 strokes per minute. Sagittal plane kinematic waveforms were compared between conditions for all major joints using statistical parametric mapping, and temporal variables were assessed (p < 0.05). Stroke rate was found to affect kinematic patterns for all joints. The effect of the foot-stretcher position was limited to the ankle and hip. Similarly, the timing of events during the rowing stroke was affected by the stroke rate, but not foot position. These results indicate that while some limited changes to the stroke technique can be caused by altering the foot-stretcher position, the changes were largely compensated for by the rowers and are generally smaller than differences between stroke rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Engstrom
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eleanna Bez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Cristine Agresta
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Scott Telfer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Musculoskeletal injuries in fixed-seat rowing. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Šíchová K, Syrová K, Kofroňová E, Pinterova‐Leca N, Vejmola Č, Nykodemová J, Palivec P, Olejníková L, Danda H, Jorratt P, Adam Š, Hiep BQ, Štefková‐Mazochová K, Končická M, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, thermoregulation and acute behavioural effects of 25CN‐NBOMe. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13216. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Šíchová
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Syrová
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterova‐Leca
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Nykodemová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Palivec
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Olejníková
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Danda
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Šafanda Adam
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bui Quang Hiep
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Končická
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giustino V, Zangla D, Messina G, Pajaujiene S, Feka K, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Palma A, Patti A. Kinematics of Cervical Spine during Rowing Ergometer at Different Stroke Rates in Young Rowers: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137690. [PMID: 35805344 PMCID: PMC9265975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research on biomechanics in rowing has mostly focused on the lumbar spine. However, injuries can also affect other body segments. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to explore any potential variations in the kinematics of the cervical spine during two different stroke rates on the rowing ergometer in young rowers. Methods: Twelve young rowers of regional or national level were recruited for the study. The experimental protocol consisted of two separate test sessions (i.e., a sequence of 10 consecutive strokes for each test session) at different stroke rates (i.e., 20 and 30 strokes/min) on an indoor rowing ergometer. Kinematics of the cervical spine was assessed using an inertial sensor capable of measuring joint ROM (angle of flexion, angle of extension, total angle of flexion–extension). Results: Although there were no differences in the flexion and total flexion–extension movements between the test sessions, a significant increase in the extension movement was found at the highest stroke rate (p = 0.04, d = 0.66). Conclusion: Young rowers showed changes in cervical ROM according to stroke rate. The lower control of the head during the rowing stroke cycle can lead to a higher compensation resulting in an augmented effort, influencing sports performance, and increasing the risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniele Zangla
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Pajaujiene
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Kaltrina Feka
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (D.Z.); (K.F.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chakradeo A, Mishra W, Rai S. Ergonomic risk assessment of musculoskeletal discomforts among young Indian rowers. Work 2022; 72:367-372. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-213635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rowing requires synchronized, forceful and repetitive muscular movement to propel the boat towards the finish point. This makes rowers prone to musculoskeletal discomfort. The etiology of such musculoskeletal discomfort is multifactorial in nature. Therefore, risk assessment is essential for encouraging enhanced performances. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to decipher the prevalent areas of discomfort, identify risk factors contributing to discomforts among young Indian rowers and propose a model for the causative factors of discomfort to monitor their performances. METHODS: A self-constructed questionnaire was framed and administered at state level competition. To identify the likely commonalities, the response matrix was subjected to Factor Analysis (FA). Subsequently, Principal Component Regression (PCR) was carried out to identify the influence of ergonomic risk factors with rowing performance parameters. RESULTS: The study identified three major factors: Imprecision Related Factors’ (ImRF), ‘Occupation Related Factors’ (ORF) and ‘Individual Related Factors’ (IRF). The study suggests changes to the training strategies for reducing discomforts from ergonomics risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The study quantifies major risk factors with the highest loading and proposes an interpretive model. This will be beneficial for formulating the training frameworks and to prepare guidelines for rowers to refrain from discomforts consequently, enhancing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anant Chakradeo
- MIT Art Design and Technology University, Rajbaug, Pune, India
| | - Wricha Mishra
- MIT Art Design and Technology University, Rajbaug, Pune, India
| | - Sunil Rai
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Deharadun, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brice SM, Millett EL, Philippa B. The validity of using inertial measurement units to monitor the torso and pelvis sagittal plane motion of elite rowers. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:950-958. [PMID: 35199626 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2042146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In elite sport, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are being used increasingly to measure movement in-field. IMU data commonly sought are body segment angles as this gives insights into how technique can be altered to improve performance and reduce injury risk. The purpose of this was to assess the validity of IMU use in rowing and identify if IMUs are capable of detecting differences in sagittal torso and pelvis angles that result from changes in stroke rates. Eight elite female rowers participated. Four IMUs were positioned along the torso and over the pelvis of each athlete. Reflective markers surrounded each IMU which were used to compute gold-standard data. Maxima, minima, angle range and waveforms for ten strokes at rates of 20, 24, 28 and 32 strokes per minute were analysed. Root mean square errors as a percentage of angle range fell between 1.44% and 8.43%. In most cases when significant differences (p < 0.05) in the angles were detected between stroke rates, this was observed in both IMU and gold-standard angle data. These findings suggest that IMUs are valid for measuring torso and pelvis angles when rowing and are capable of detecting differences that result from changes in stroke rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Brice
- Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma L Millett
- Biomechanics, New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Athletics Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronson Philippa
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Cairns, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Urbanczyk CA, Bonfiglio A, McGregor AH, Bull AMJ. Comparing optical and electromagnetic tracking systems to facilitate compatibility in sports kinematics data. Int Biomech 2021; 8:75-84. [PMID: 34806553 PMCID: PMC8635616 DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2021.2003719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) tracking has been used to quantify biomechanical parameters of the lower limb and lumbar spine during ergometer rowing to improve performance and reduce injury. Optical motion capture (OMC) is potentially better suited to measure comprehensive whole-body dynamics in rowing. This study compared accuracy and precision of EM and OMC displacements by simultaneously recording kinematics during rowing trials at low, middle, and high rates on an instrumented ergometer (n=12). Trajectories calculated from OMC and EM sensors attached to the pelvis, lumbar spine, and right leg were highly correlated, but EM tracking lagged behind ergometer and OMC tracking by approximately 6%, yielding large RMS errors. When this phase-lag was corrected by least squares minimization, agreement between systems improved. Both systems demonstrated an ability to adequately track large dynamic compound movements in the sagittal plane but struggled at times to precisely track small displacements and narrow angular ranges in medial/lateral and superior/inferior directions. An OMC based tracking methodology can obtain equivalence with a previously validated EM system, for spine and lower limb metrics. Improvements in speed and consistency of data acquisition with OMC are beneficial for dynamic motion studies. Compatibility ensures continuity by maintaining the ability to compare to prior work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caryn A Urbanczyk
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Anthony M J Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wedatilake T, Palmer A, Fernquest S, Redgrave A, Arnold L, Kluzek S, McGregor A, Teh J, Newton J, Glyn-Jones S. Association between hip joint impingement and lumbar disc disease in elite rowers. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001063. [PMID: 34790361 PMCID: PMC8565560 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lumbar disc disease is a known cause of back pain. Increasingly it is thought that cam morphology of the hip may have a causal role in development of lumbar disc disease. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the hip and investigate the association of cam morphology with lumbar disc disease observed on MRI in elite rowers. Methods Cross-sectional observational study of 20 elite rowers (12 male, 8 female, mean age 24.45, SD 2.1). Assessment included clinical examination, questionnaires, 3T MRI scans of the hips and lumbar spine. Alpha angle of the hips and Pfirrmann score of lumbar discs were measured. Results 85% of rowers had a cam morphology in at least one hip. Alpha angle was greatest at the 1 o’clock position ((bone 70.9 (SD 16.9), cartilage 71.4 (16.3)). 95% of the group were noted to have labral tears, but only 50% of the group had history of groin pain. 85% of rowers had at least one disc with a Pfirrmann score of 3 or more and 95% had a history of back pain. A positive correlation was observed between the alpha angle and radiological degenerative disc disease (correlation coefficient=3.13, p=0.012). A negative correlation was observed between hip joint internal rotation and radiological degenerative disc disease (correlation coefficient=−2.60, p=0.018). Conclusions Rowers have a high prevalence of labral tears, cam morphology and lumbar disc disease. There is a possible association between cam morphology and radiological lumbar degenerative disc disease, however, further investigation is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamindu Wedatilake
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,England and Wales Cricket Board, London, UK
| | - Antony Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore, UK
| | - S Fernquest
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Liz Arnold
- British Rowing, London, UK.,English Institute of Sport, Bisham, UK
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of SEM, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - James Teh
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Newton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Changes in the Trunk and Lower Extremity Kinematics Due to Fatigue Can Predispose to Chronic Injuries in Cycling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073719. [PMID: 33918282 PMCID: PMC8038191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinematic analysis of the cycling position is a determining factor in injury prevention and optimal performance. Fatigue caused by high volume training can alter the kinematics of the lower body and spinal structures, thus increasing the risk of chronic injury. However, very few studies have established relationships between fatigue and postural change, being these in 2D analysis or incremental intensity protocols. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a 3D kinematic analysis of pedaling technique in a stable power fatigue protocol 23 amateur cyclists (28.3 ± 8.4 years) participated in this study. For this purpose, 3D kinematics in hip, knee, ankle, and lumbar joints, and thorax and pelvis were collected at three separate times during the protocol. Kinematic differences at the beginning, middle, and end of the protocol were analyzed for all joints using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in all the joints studied, but not all of them occur in the same planes or the same phase of the cycle. Some of the changes produced, such as greater lumbar and thoracic flexion, greater thoracic and pelvic tilt, or greater hip adduction, could lead to chronic knee and lumbar injuries. Therefore, bike fitting protocols should be carried out in fatigue situations to detect risk factor situations.
Collapse
|
16
|
Barratt GK, Bellenger C, Robertson EY, Lane J, Crowther RG. Validation of Plantar Pressure and Reaction Force Measured by Moticon Pressure Sensor Insoles on a Concept2 Rowing Ergometer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2418. [PMID: 33915797 PMCID: PMC8036524 DOI: 10.3390/s21072418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of plantar pressure and reaction force measured using the Moticon and Pedar-x sensor insoles while rowing on a Concept2 ergometer. Nineteen participants performed four 500 m trials of ergometer rowing at 22-24 strokes/min; two trials wearing Moticon insoles and two wearing Pedar-x insoles in a randomised order. Moticon and Pedar-x insoles both showed moderate to strong test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.57-0.92) for mean and peak plantar pressure and reaction force. Paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.001) between Moticon and Pedar-x insoles, effect size showed a large bias (ES > 1.13), and Pearson's correlation (r < 0.37) showed poor agreement for all plantar pressure and reaction force variables. Compared to Pedar-x, the Moticon insoles demonstrated poor validity, however, the Moticon insoles had strong reliability. Due to poor validity, caution should be used when considering Moticon insoles to assess changes in pressure and force reliably over time, across multiple trials or sessions. Moticon's wireless and user-friendly application would be beneficial for assessing and monitoring biomechanical parameters in rowing if validity between measures of interest and Moticon's results can be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Kate Barratt
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; (C.B.); (R.G.C.)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clint Bellenger
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; (C.B.); (R.G.C.)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Sports Institute, 5025 Adelaide, Australia; (E.Y.R.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Jason Lane
- South Australian Sports Institute, 5025 Adelaide, Australia; (E.Y.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Robert George Crowther
- UniSA: Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia; (C.B.); (R.G.C.)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Larochelambert Q, Del Vecchio S, Leroy A, Duncombe S, Toussaint JF, Sedeaud A. Body and Boat: Significance of Morphology on Elite Rowing Performance. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:597676. [PMID: 33345179 PMCID: PMC7739618 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.597676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine and weigh the anthropometric indicators that were associated with pacing performances for each Olympic rowing category. Methods: Between 2010 and 2015, 1,148 rowers (650 men and 498 women) participated in the finals of World Championships in each heavyweight Olympic event. They were categorized into four morphological clusters according to their height and body mass index (BMI): tall and thin (TT), tall and robust (TR), small and thin (ST), and small and robust (SR). Time and speed, were collected every 50 m for all boats in each competition. Non-parametric inferential methods were used to understand the differences in performance between morphological clusters over the entire race. After, we calculated a new indicator to determine the differences between these morphotypes within the race. Results: In this article, we determined which morphologies had a significant effect on speed for both men and women. For example, the biggest rowers were the fastest in skiff. Analysis of each 50 m demonstrated that between the four morphological categories that the TR male athletes were significantly faster than their ST counterparts between the 800 and 2,000 m of the race by 1.76% of mean speed. Furthermore, the SR were the fastest in female coxless pairs over the majority of the race. These differences in speed by morphological cluster are summarized, by race segment, for all categories and sex. Conclusion: Anthropometric factors impact pacing among rowers' categories. Coupling anthropometry and race pacing is not only helpful to understand which factors work where, but is also helpful in improving training and performance. This can help both in the recruiting of rowers for specific boats and adapting the race strategy. In future, the method used can be adapted for factors other than anthropometry. It can also be individualized to enable athletes to prepare for their race according to future competitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Del Vecchio
- EA7329, Institute for Research in BioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| | | | - Stephanie Duncombe
- EA7329, Institute for Research in BioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Toussaint
- EA7329, Institute for Research in BioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France.,MAP5 - Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Sedeaud
- EA7329, Institute for Research in BioMedicine and Epidemiology of Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Body Motion and Rowing Performance: Association between Hip Angle and Rowing Performance: A Pilot Study. Keio J Med 2020; 69:66-75. [PMID: 31969524 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2019-0007-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of aerobic fitness in rowing has been widely studied, and it is accepted that aerobic fitness is a key factor in rowing performance. In contrast, the impact of rowing efficacy, especially rowing form, on rowing performance has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate this subject via the analysis of hip kinematics and the association of this variable with 2000 m ergometer rowing test performance. Eleven adult male rowers underwent a 2000 m rowing test on an ergometer and the exhaled gas was analyzed. The hip joint angle, the pelvic rotation, and the knee joint angle were measured at the catch position throughout the test. Peak VO2 was strongly associated with the time taken to complete the test (ρ=-0.96, P<0.01), thereby confirming the importance of aerobic capacity in rowing performance. The variance of the hip joint angle of each rower was associated with peak VO2, lean mass, and test time (ρ=-0.72, -0.84, and 0.66, respectively, all P<0.05). Greater knee flexion was accompanied by larger posterior rotation of the pelvis (ρ=0.74, P<0.05), and was negatively associated with hip flexion (ρ=-0.76, P<0.05). Although we cannot confirm whether the consistency of the hip joint angle actually leads to better rowing performance, our results suggest that there are associations between the consistency of the hip joint angle, aerobic capacity, lean mass, and the time taken to complete the 2000 m ergometer rowing test.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nugent FJ, Flanagan EP, Wilson F, Warrington GD. Strength and Conditioning for Competitive Rowers. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
20
|
Improved 2000-m Rowing Performance in a Cool Environment With an External Heating Garment. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 16:103-109. [PMID: 32311675 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rowers can be in marshaling areas for up to 20 to 25 min before the start of a race, which likely negates any benefits of an active warm-up, especially in cold environments. It is unknown if using a heated jacket following a standardized rowing warm-up can improve 2000-m rowing performance. METHODS On 2 separate occasions, 10 trained male rowers completed a standardized rowing warm-up, followed by 25 min of passive rest before a 2000-m rowing time trial on a rowing ergometer. Throughout the passive rest, the participants wore either a standardized tracksuit top (CON) or an externally heated jacket (HEAT). The trials, presented in a randomized crossover fashion, were performed in a controlled environment (temperature 8°C, humidity 50%). Rowing time-trial performance, core body temperature, and mean skin temperature, along with perceptual variables, were measured. RESULTS During the 25-min period, core body temperature increased in HEAT and decreased in CON (Δ0.54°C [0.74°C] vs -0.93°C [1.14°C]; P = .02). Additionally, mean skin temperature (30.22°C [1.03°C] vs 28.86°C [1.07°C]) was higher in HEAT versus CON (P < .01). In line with the physiological data, the perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT versus CON, and subsequently, rowing performance was improved in HEAT compared with CON (433.1 [12.7] s vs 437.9 [14.4] s, P < .01). CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that an upper-body external heating garment worn following a warm-up can improve rowing performance in a cool environment.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mattes K, Wolff S. Asymmetry of the leg stretcher force high-performance female and male juniors in sweep rowing. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1651085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Mattes
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Wolff
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Penichet-Tomás A, Pueo B, Jiménez-Olmedo JM. Physical performance indicators in traditional rowing championships. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:767-773. [PMID: 30936417 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional rowing is a very popular discipline practiced worldwide through sliding and fixed seat modalities with little scientific evidence. The aim of this study is to analyze high and low-performance rowers' profile of traditional rowing modalities in order to establish performance reference values. METHODS One hundred and fifteen male rowers were split into high and low performance groups, competing in the Spanish National Championships, volunteered to participate. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and strength and power of lower extremities were evaluated by a jump height protocol. RESULTS In the high-performance group, sliding seat rowers were characterized by longer lower extremities (97.5±3.5 cm), whereas fixed seat rowers resulted in higher countermovement jump values (36.8±5.0 cm). Also, sliding seat rowers showed a resistance index to fast strength significantly higher (0.8±0.1) than fixed seat rowers (0.8±0.0). On the other hand, group comparison within modality indicated that high-performance rowers of both modalities were significantly taller than lower performance rowers (184.3±6.8 and 181.2±4.9 cm vs. 179.3±6.4 and 177.9±5.9 cm for sliding and fixed seat rowers, respectively). Furthermore, leg length (97.5±3.5 cm) and resistance index to fast strength (0.8±0.1) for sliding seat modality, and arm span (187.3±5.7 cm), trunk length (87.4±3.7 cm) and repeat jump height (28.6±4.2 cm) for fixed seat modality were found as performance factors in traditional rowing. CONCLUSIONS This study facilitates talent detection and selection of athletes to form competitive traditional rowing teams based on measurable physical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Penichet-Tomás
- Area of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain -
| | - Basilio Pueo
- Area of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M Jiménez-Olmedo
- Area of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Retraining in a Female Elite Rower with Persistent Symptoms Post-Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Proof-of-Concept Case Report. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4020024. [PMID: 33467339 PMCID: PMC7739354 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) managed arthroscopically do not always return to sport. Inability to control back/pelvis, hip and lower limb movements may contribute to the onset and recurrence of symptoms. Our hypothesis is that results from a battery of cognitive movement control tests can inform a cognitive movement control (neuromuscular) retraining programme for improving the clinical presentation and quality of life in an athlete with FAIS. This case report presents a female elite rower with persistent left-sided anterior hip pain, four years post-arthroscopic surgery for FAIS, whose symptoms failed to respond to conventional physical therapy. Hip and groin outcome score (HAGOS), passive and active hip flexion range of motion (ROM) workload (time training on water), hip and pelvic kinematics (3-D motion analysis) and electromyography during a seated hip flexion movement control test, and a movement control test battery to identify movement control impairments (The Foundation Matrix), were assessed pre-intervention (week 0) and immediately post-intervention (week 16). Impaired movement control was targeted in a tailored 16-week cognitive movement control retraining exercise program. All measures improved: HAGOS (all 6 sub-scales); symptoms (61/100 pre-training to 96/100 post-training); physical activities participation (13/100 to 75/100); and active hip flexion ROM increased (78 to 116 and 98 to 118 degrees, respectively); workload increased from 4 to 18 h/week; and movement control impairment reduced (25/50 to 9/50). Pelvic motion on kinematic analysis were altered, and delayed activation onset of tensor fascia latae and rectus femoris muscles reduced. This proof-of-concept case report supports the hypothesis that cognitive movement control tests can inform a targeted cognitive movement control retraining program to improve symptoms, function and quality of life, in an elite rower with persistent hip pain. This training offers an alternative approach to conventional physical therapy, which has failed to restore function in FAIS, and the present study illustrates how specific cognitive movement control assessment can direct individual training programmes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Perić D, Ilić N, Ahmetovićvić Z. Kinematic and dynamic stroke variables of elite and sub-elite rowers. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1563857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Perić
- Faculty of sport and tourism, Educons University, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Ilić
- Department for sports coaches, College of Sports and Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pouliquen C, Nicolas G, Bideau B, Garo G, Megret A, Delamarche P, Bideau N. Spatiotemporal analysis of 3D kinematic asymmetry in professional cycling during an incremental test to exhaustion. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2155-2163. [PMID: 29381424 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1432066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of an incremental exercise on bilateral asymmetry through the spatio-temporal evolution of 3D joint angular displacement, using the Normalized Symmetry Index ([Formula: see text]) and cross-correlation methods. Twelve professional cyclists performed an incremental test to exhaustion, during which motion capture was used. Results revealed a decrease in range of motion between the first and last stages for twelve of the eighteen joint rotations, with the highest impact observed for right hip flexion/extension (61.8 ± 4.7° to 58.8 ± 4.1°, p < 0.05, ES = 0.68). For both stages, significant bilateral differences greater than 10° were observed for hip and knee flexion/extension (p < 0.05, ES>0.90) and ankle and hip internal/external rotation (p < 0.05, ES>0.25). Cross-correlation displayed the lowest pattern similarities for hip abduction/adduction and the highest similarities for knee flexion/extension, ankle plantarflexion/dorsiflexion and hip internal/external rotation. The cross-correlation method showed that the right leg was mostly ahead of time with respect to the left leg, a trend that was accentuated with power output increase. Instantaneous [Formula: see text] fluctuated up to 18% throughout the pedalling cycle, with different behaviour between the power and recovery phases. This study demonstrated the workload effects on side-to-side joint angular pattern similarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pouliquen
- a M2S Laboratory , UFR STAPS, University Rennes 2, ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| | - Guillaume Nicolas
- a M2S Laboratory , UFR STAPS, University Rennes 2, ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| | - Benoit Bideau
- a M2S Laboratory , UFR STAPS, University Rennes 2, ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| | - Gérard Garo
- b Brest Sport Medical Center , Brest , France
| | - Armand Megret
- c French Cycling Federation , Montigny le Bretonneux , France
| | - Paul Delamarche
- a M2S Laboratory , UFR STAPS, University Rennes 2, ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| | - Nicolas Bideau
- a M2S Laboratory , UFR STAPS, University Rennes 2, ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nowak R, Buryta R, Krupecki K, Zając T, Zawartka M, Proia P, Kostrzewa-Nowak D. The Impact of the Progressive Efficiency Test on a Rowing Ergometer on White Blood Cells Distribution and Clinical Chemistry Changes in Paralympic Rowers During the Preparatory Stage Before the Paralympic Games in Rio, 2016 - A Case Report. J Hum Kinet 2017; 60:255-263. [PMID: 29340006 PMCID: PMC5765806 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large gap in knowledge regarding research on post-exercise blood changes in disabled athletes. There are relatively few data on adaptive mechanisms to exercise in disabled athletes, including disabled rowers. Two rowers from a Polish adaptive rowing settle TAMix2x that qualified for the Paralympic Games in Rio, 2016 took part in this study. They performed a progressive test on a rowing ergometer until exhaustion. The cardiorespiratory fitness measures, complete blood count, white blood cells' distribution and 30 clinical chemistry variables describing laboratory diagnostic profiles and general health were determined. The extreme effort induced changes in all studied metabolites (glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid, total and direct bilirubin), albumin, total protein levels in both participants. Furthermore, a post-exercise increase in aspartate transaminase activity, yet a 2-fold decrease during the recovery time in both rowers were found. White blood cell count increased 2-fold after the test. The percentages of natural killer cells were higher and total T lymphocytes were lower after the exercise protocol. There were higher percentages of suppressor/cytotoxic and lower percentages of helper/inducer T lymphocyte subsets in both studied rowers. No changes in B lymphocytes distribution were observed. Lack of inflammatory symptoms during the experiment suggests a high level of rowers' biological adaptation to the physical effort. The different changes in physiological, biochemical and immunological variables are related to the adaptive mechanism to physical exercise allowing for improvement of performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Buryta
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krupecki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zając
- Human Performance Laboratory, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Zawartka
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak, Centre for Human Structural and Functional Research, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, 17C Narutowicza St. 70-240 Szczecin, Poland, Phone: +48914441077
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vieira T, Botter A, Gastaldi L, Sacco ICN, Martelli F, Giacomozzi C. Textured insoles affect the plantar pressure distribution while elite rowers perform on an indoor rowing machine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187202. [PMID: 29095908 PMCID: PMC5667762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During rowing, foot positioning on the foot stretcher is critical to optimise muscle force transmission and boat propulsion. Following the beneficial effects of textured insoles on gait and balance, this study aims at investigating whether passive stimulation of foot mechanoreceptors induced by these insoles may contribute to improving foot loading pattern and symmetry during indoor rowing. METHODS Eleven elite rowers were assessed during controlled training on a standard rowing machine while wearing control, low-density or high-density textured insoles. Plantar pressure and knee and trunk kinematics were measured; performance data were recorded from the machine. Insole effect on kinematic parameters, peak and average values of foot force, contact area and position of centre of pressure was assessed with ANOVA and Bonferroni correction for pair-wise comparisons. RESULTS A main effect was observed for force and contact area, with the high-density insoles providing greatest values (P<0.035). No interaction was observed between side and insole (P>0.190), even though symmetry was higher with high-density insoles. Kinematics (P = 0.800) and rowing performance were not affected by insole type; a consistent though not statistically significant increase in mean travelled distance was observed for denser insoles (P>0.21). CONCLUSION The high-density textured insoles affected foot loading distribution during indoor rowing. Rowers applied greater foot force and over a greater foot stretcher area with the high-density than the low-density and control insoles. These findings and the methodology applied may be relevant for the understanding and monitoring of rowing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taian Vieira
- Laboratory for Engineering of Neuromuscular System and Motor Rehabilitation, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Botter
- Laboratory for Engineering of Neuromuscular System and Motor Rehabilitation, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Gastaldi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Isabel C. N. Sacco
- Laboratory of Biomechanics of Human Movement and Posture, Department of Physical Therapy, Speech, Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesco Martelli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-Associated Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giacomozzi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-Associated Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Burdukiewicz A, Pietraszewska J, Andrzejewska J, Stachoń A. Morphological optimization of female combat sports athletes as seen by the anthropologists. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Body build and proportions are key determinants of athletic success. The effects of the athlete selection process and discipline-specific training are differentiated body dimensions. The aim of the study was to examine the physical characteristics of female combat athletes. The results of anthropometric measurements of 154 females aged 21.2±1.79 years competing in judo, jiu-jitsu, karate, taekwondo, and fencing for 7.5±3.43 years.
Significant differences were observed between the judo and karate, taekwondo and fencing practitioners in chest, hip, arm and forearm girths. More variance was observed in body proportions. Fencers had the slimmest body shape, a more massive body size in the judokas. Longer upper extremities relative to lower extremity length were found in the jiu-jitsu group. Relative to body height, a larger torso and greater girths were observed in the judokas compared with the fencing, karate, and taekwondo practitioners. The groups did not differ in the level of endomorphy. Mesomorphy was highest in judokas and the lowest in fencers, although ectomorphy was most dominant in the latter group.
Females practitioners of combat sports exhibit differences in physical characteristics as an effect of optimizing body type and build via the training and athlete selection process of a given discipline. The anthropometric measures could play a role in talent identification programmes for martial arts and help the trainers to optimize the motoric effectiveness of athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burdukiewicz
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Pietraszewska
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław
| | - Justyna Andrzejewska
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław
| | - Aleksandra Stachoń
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Buckeridge EM, Weinert-Aplin RA, Bull AMJ, McGregor AH. Influence of foot-stretcher height on rowing technique and performance. Sports Biomech 2016; 15:513-26. [PMID: 27256844 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1185459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Strength, technique, and coordination are crucial to rowing performance, but external interventions such as foot-stretcher set-up can fine-tune technique and optimise power output. For the same resultant force, raising the height of foot-stretchers on a rowing ergometer theoretically alters the orientation of the resultant force vector in favour of the horizontal component. This study modified foot-stretcher heights and examined their instantaneous effect on foot forces and rowing technique. Ten male participants rowed at four foot-stretcher heights on an ergometer that measured handle force, stroke length, and vertical and horizontal foot forces. Rowers were instrumented with motion sensors to measure ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar-pelvic kinematics. Key resultant effects of increased foot-stretcher heights included progressive reductions in horizontal foot force, stroke length, and pelvis range of motion. Raising foot-stretcher height did not increase the horizontal component of foot force as previously speculated. The reduced ability to anteriorly rotate the pelvis at the front of the stroke may be a key obstacle in gaining benefits from raised foot-stretcher heights. This study shows that small changes in athlete set-up can influence ergometer rowing technique, and rowers must individually fine-tune their foot-stretcher height to optimise power transfer through the rowing stroke on an ergometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Buckeridge
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Robert A Weinert-Aplin
- b Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health Sciences , University of Salford , Manchester , UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- c Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Alison H McGregor
- d Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer , Imperial College London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fohanno V, Nordez A, Smith R, Colloud F. Asymmetry in elite rowers: effect of ergometer design and stroke rate. Sports Biomech 2015; 14:310-22. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2015.1060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
31
|
Buckeridge EM, Bull AM, McGregor AH. Incremental training intensities increases loads on the lower back of elite female rowers. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:369-78. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1056821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
32
|
Buckeridge E, LeVangie MC, Stetter B, Nigg SR, Nigg BM. An on-ice measurement approach to analyse the biomechanics of ice hockey skating. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127324. [PMID: 25973775 PMCID: PMC4431820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skating is a fundamental movement in ice hockey; however little research has been conducted within the field of hockey skating biomechanics due to the difficulties of on-ice data collection. In this study a novel on-ice measurement approach was tested for reliability, and subsequently implemented to investigate the forward skating technique, as well as technique differences across skill levels. Nine high caliber (High) and nine low caliber (Low) hockey players performed 30m forward skating trials. A 3D accelerometer was mounted to the right skate for the purpose of stride detection, with the 2nd and 6th strides defined as acceleration and steady-state, respectively. The activity of five lower extremity muscles was recorded using surface electromyography. Biaxial electro-goniometers were used to quantify hip and knee angles, and in-skate plantar force was measured using instrumented insoles. Reliability was assessed with the coefficient of multiple correlation, which demonstrated moderate (r>0.65) to excellent (r>0.95) scores across selected measured variables. Greater plantar-flexor muscle activity and hip extension were evident during acceleration strides, while steady state strides exhibited greater knee extensor activity and hip abduction range of motion (p<0.05). High caliber exhibited greater hip range of motion and forefoot force application (p<0.05). The successful implementation of this on-ice mobile measurement approach offers potential for athlete monitoring, biofeedback and training advice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buckeridge
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Marc C. LeVangie
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernd Stetter
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandro R. Nigg
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benno M. Nigg
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|