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Lai C, Xu L, Dai S. The nuclear export protein exportin-1 in solid malignant tumours: From biology to clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1684. [PMID: 38783482 PMCID: PMC11116501 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin-1 (XPO1), a crucial protein regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, driving tumor progression and drug resistance. This makes XPO1 an attractive therapeutic target. Over the past few decades, the number of available nuclear export-selective inhibitors has been increasing. Only KPT-330 (selinexor) has been successfully used for treating haematological malignancies, and KPT-8602 (eltanexor) has been used for treating haematologic tumours in clinical trials. However, the use of nuclear export-selective inhibitors for the inhibition of XPO1 expression has yet to be thoroughly investigated in clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes for solid tumours. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the efficacy of XPO1 Inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies of a wide range of solid tumours. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the nuclear export function of XPO1 and results from clinical trials of its inhibitors in solid malignant tumours. We summarized the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of XPO1 inhibitors, as well as adverse effects and response biomarkers. CONCLUSION XPO1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the fight against cancer, offering a novel approach to targeting tumorigenic processes and overcoming drug resistance. SINE compounds have demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of solid tumours, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing their use, identifying response biomarkers, and developing effective combination therapies. KEY POINTS Exportin-1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle. XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours. The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Lai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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2
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Kang K, Gao W, Cui Y, Xiao M, An L, Wu J. Curcumin Changed the Number, Particle Size, and miRNA Profile of Serum Exosomes in Roman Laying Hens under Heat Stress. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:217. [PMID: 38397207 PMCID: PMC10887567 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have the ability to transport RNA/miRNAs and possess immune modulatory functions. Heat stress, a significant limiting factor in the poultry industry, can induce oxidative stress and suppress the immune responses of laying hens. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of serum exosomes and their miRNAs in Roman laying hens who were fed a diet with either 0 or 200 mg/kg curcumin under heat stress conditions. The numbers of exosomes were significantly higher in both the HC (heat stress) and HT (heat stress with 200 mg/kg curcumin) groups compared to the NC (control) group and NT (control with 200 mg/kg curcumin) group (p < 0.05). Additionally, we observed that the most prevalent particle diameters were 68.75 nm, 68.25 nm, 54.25 nm, and 60.25 nm in the NC, NT, HC, and HT groups, respectively. From our sRNA library analysis, we identified a total of 863 unique miRNAs; among them, we screened out for subsequent bioinformatics analysis a total of 328 gga-miRNAs(chicken miRNA from the miRbase database). The KEGG pathways that are associated with target genes which are regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs across all four groups at a p-value < 0.01 included oxidative phosphorylation, protein export, cysteine and methionine metabolism, fatty acid degradation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and cardiac muscle contraction. The above findings suggest that curcumin could mitigate heat-induced effects on laying hens by altering the miRNA expression profiles of serum exosomes along with related regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang Wu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.)
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Xue J, Chu P, Gao W, Wang F, Gao Y, Liu S, Kang Z, Yan J, Wang H. XPO1 is a new target of homoharringtonine (HHT): Making NPMc + AML cells much more sensitive to HHT treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:155-161. [PMID: 37473530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease and about one third of AML patients carry nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation. Because 95% mutations give NPM1 an additional nuclear export signaling (NES) and dislocate NPM1 in cytoplasm (NPMc+), relocating NPM1 in nucleus provide an innovative strategy for treating this type of AML. The nuclear export of NPM1 depends on the nuclear protein export receptor XPO1, which recognizes the NES sequence on NPM1. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a first-line chemotherapy drug of AML, yet the exact mechanism of its anti-AML activity is elusive. In this study, we found that HHT can directly target XPO1 to its NES-binding cleft, bind to Cys528 of XPO1, and inhibits its nuclear transport function. In addition, HHT can block NPMc+ proteins nuclear export and thus make NPMc+ AML cells much more sensitive to HHT treatment. Furthermore, the sensitivity of NPMc+ AML cells to HHT is a universal phenomenon irrespective of the different genetic lesions of AML. Taken together, our findings suggest that XPO1 is a new target of HHT and provide a novel strategy for NPMc+ AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xue
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijie Kang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Haina Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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4
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Dubey T, Sonawane SK, Mannava MKC, Nangia AK, Chandrashekar M, Chinnathambi S. The inhibitory effect of Curcumin-Artemisinin co-amorphous on Tau aggregation and Tau phosphorylation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Duan L, Shen H, Ding K, Fu R. Selinexor synergizes with azacitidine to eliminate myelodysplastic syndrome cells through p53 nuclear accumulation. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:738-746. [PMID: 35576022 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal malignancies of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to cytopenia. Hypomethylating agents, including azacitidine, have been used for treating MDS with some success; however, the overall survival rate remains poor and, therefore, finding new therapies is necessary. Selinexor, which exerts anticancer effects against some hematologic tumors, is a nuclear export protein inhibitor that blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of combined selinexor and azacitidine administration on two MDS cell lines, namely SKM-1 and MUTZ-1. Cells were subjected to a proliferation assay, and the effects of each drug alone, and in combination, were compared. Changes in apoptosis and the cell cycle between groups were also analyzed. Western blotting was conducted to identify the underlying mechanism of action of combined selinexor and azacitidine therapy. The results revealed that the combination of selinexor and azacitidine synergistically inhibited MDS cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. This combination also promoted MDS cell apoptosis and enhanced p53 accumulation in the nucleus, thereby allowing p53 to be activated and to function as a tumor suppressor. Overall, our results indicate that the combination of selinexor and azacitidine may be a promising approach for treating MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixiang Duan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongli Shen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Liu S, Qiao W, Sun Q, Luo Y. Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (XPO1/CRM1) as an Anticancer Target and Discovery of Its Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15534-15548. [PMID: 34669417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a major nuclear export receptor protein and contributes to cell homeostasis by mediating the transport of cargo from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CRM1 is a therapeutic target comprised of several tumor types, including osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, gliomas, and pancreatic cancer. In the past decade, dozens of CRM1 inhibitors have been discovered and developed, including KPT-330, which received FDA approval for multiple myeloma (MM) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This review summarizes the biological functions of CRM1, the current understanding of the role CRM1 plays in cancer, the discovery of CRM1 small-molecule inhibitors, preclinical and clinical studies on KPT-330, and other recently developed inhibitors. A new CRM1 inhibition mechanism and structural dynamics are discussed. Through this review, we hope to guide the future design and optimization of CRM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells with a clinical course characterized by multiple relapses and treatment refractoriness. While recent treatment advancements have extended overall survival (OS), refractory MM has a poor prognosis, with a median OS of between 4 and 6 months. Nuclear export inhibition, specifically inhibition of CRM1/XPO1, is an emerging novel treatment modality that has shown promise in treatment-refractory MM. Initially discovered in yeast in 1983, early clinical applications were met with significant toxicities that limited their utility. The creation of small molecule inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) has improved on toxicity limitations and has led to investigation in a number of malignancies at the preclinical and clinical stages. Preclinical studies of SINEs in MM have shown that these molecules are cytotoxic to myeloma cells, play a role in therapy resensitization, and suggest a role in limiting bone disease progression. In July 2019, selinexor became the first nuclear export inhibitor approved for use in relapsed/refractory MM based on the STORM trial. As of May 2020, there were eight ongoing trials combining selinexor with standard treatment regimens in relapsed/refractory MM. Eltanexor, a second-generation SINE, is also under investigation and has shown preliminary signs of efficacy in an early clinical trial while potentially having an improved toxicity profile compared with selinexor. Results in ongoing trials will help further define the role of SINEs in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Lancman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1185, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1185, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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8
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Gao J, Chu P, Liu C, Sun Z, Liu Q, Yang Y. Discovery and biological evaluation of a small-molecule inhibitor of CRM1 that suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Traffic 2021; 22:221-229. [PMID: 34021516 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the nuclear export machinery mediated by chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1, also known as exportin-1), is closely associated with various human disorders, such as breast cancer. Previously, we identified sulforaphene and its synthetic analogues as covalent inhibitors of CRM1. Herein, we describe the discovery and biological evaluation of another sulforaphene synthetic analogue, LFS-31, as a potential CRM1 inhibitor. In addition, we investigated the reversible binding mechanism of LFS-31 with CRM1 through molecular simulations coupled with bio-layer interferometry (BLI) and found relatively high binding affinity (KD = 43.1 ± 35.3 nM) between the LFS-31 and CRM1 groups. We found that LFS-31 exhibited a stronger growth suppression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells than non-TNBC cells, and had minimal effect on normal breast cells. Pharmacological treatment of TNBC cells with LFS-31 at nanomolar concentrations led to the nuclear retention of IkBα resulting in strong suppression of NF-κB transcriptional activity and attenuated cell growth and proliferation, which collectively contributed to the antitumor responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the use of a sulforaphene analogue as a potent CRM1 inhibitor that targets the NF-κB signaling pathway for the targeted therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiao Gao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Chu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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9
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Guha S, Bhaumik SR. Viral regulation of mRNA export with potentials for targeted therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1864:194655. [PMID: 33246183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression begins with transcription in the nucleus to synthesize mRNA (messenger RNA), which is subsequently exported to the cytoplasm for translation to protein. Like transcription and translation, mRNA export is an important regulatory step of eukaryotic gene expression. Various factors are involved in regulating mRNA export, and thus gene expression. Intriguingly, some of these factors interact with viral proteins, and such interactions interfere with mRNA export of the host cell, favoring viral RNA export. Hence, viruses hijack host mRNA export machinery for export of their own RNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm for translation to proteins for viral life cycle, suppressing host mRNA export (and thus host gene expression and immune/antiviral response). Therefore, the molecules that can impair the interactions of these mRNA export factors with viral proteins could emerge as antiviral therapeutic agents to suppress viral RNA transport and enhance host mRNA export, thereby promoting host gene expression and immune response. Thus, there has been a number of studies to understand how virus hijacks mRNA export machinery in suppressing host gene expression and promoting its own RNA export to the cytoplasm for translation to proteins required for viral replication/assembly/life cycle towards developing targeted antiviral therapies, as concisely described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Sukesh R Bhaumik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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Çetinkaya H, Yıldız MS, Kutluer M, Alkan A, Ozan Otaş H, Çağır A. Novel 2'-alkoxymethyl substituted klavuzon derivatives as inhibitors of Topo I and CRM1. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104162. [PMID: 32890988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 2'-alkoxymethyl substituted klavuzon derivatives were prepared starting from 2-methyl-1-naphthoic acid in eight steps. Anticancer potencies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by performing MTT cell viability test over cancerous and healthy pancreatic cell lines, along with CRM1 inhibitory properties in HeLa cells by immunostaining and Topo I inhibition properties by supercoiled DNA relaxation assay. Their cytotoxic activities were also presented in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7) derived 3D spheroids. Among the tested klavuzon derivatives, isobutoxymethyl substituted klavuzon showed the highest selectivity of cytotoxic activity against pancreatic cancer cell line. They showed potent Topo I inhibition while their CRM1 inhibitory properties somehow diminished compared to 4'-alkylsubstituted klavuzons. The most cytotoxic 2'-methoxymethyl derivative inhibited the growth of the spheroids derived from HuH-7 cell lines and PI staining exhibited time and concentration dependent cell death in 3D spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakkı Çetinkaya
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet S Yıldız
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kutluer
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Alkan
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozan Otaş
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Çağır
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
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Hesham D, El-Naggar S. Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed an Emerging Role of Alternative Splicing in Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091108. [PMID: 32971786 PMCID: PMC7563716 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is an aggressive and rare pediatric embryonal brain tumor. Amplification of C19MC microRNA cluster and expression of LIN28 are distinctive features of ETMR. Despite the increasing efforts to decipher ETMR, the biology remains poorly understood. To date, the role of aberrant alternative splicing in ETMR has not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, a comprehensive analysis was performed on published unprocessed RNA-seq reads of tissue-matched ETMR and fetal controls datasets. Gene expression was quantified in samples using Kallisto/sleuth pipeline. For the alternative splicing analysis, STAR, SplAdder and rMATS were used. Functional enrichment analysis was subsequently performed using Metascape. The expression analysis identified a total of 3622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ETMR and fetal controls while 1627 genes showed differential alternative splicing patterns. Interestingly, genes with significant alternative splicing events in ETMR were identified to be involved in signaling pathways such as ErbB, mTOR and MAPK pathways as well as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle and autophagy. Moreover, up-regulated DEGs with alternative splicing events were involved in important biological processes including nuclear transport, regulation of cell cycle and regulation of Wnt signaling pathway. These findings highlight the role of aberrant alternative splicing in shaping the ETMR tumor landscape, and the identified pathways constitute potential therapeutic targets.
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13
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Lei Y, An Q, Zhang Y, Luo P, Luo Y, Shen X, Jia D, Sun Q. Engineering chromosome region maintenance 1 fragments that bind to nuclear export signals. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1366-1372. [PMID: 31495993 PMCID: PMC7255508 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) exports nuclear export signal (NES) containing cargos from nucleus to cytoplasm and plays critical roles in cancer and viral infections. Biochemical and biophysical studies on this protein were often obstructed by its low purification yield and stability. With the help of PROSS server and NES protection strategy, we successfully designed three small fragments of CRM1, each made of four HEAT repeats and capable of binding to NESs in the absence of RanGTP. One of the fragments, C7, showed dramatically improved purification yield, thermostability, mechanostability, and resistance to protease digestion. We showed by isothermal titration that the protein kinase inhibitor NES binds to C7 at 1.18 μM affinity. Direct binding to C7 by several reported CRM1 inhibitors derived from plants were verified using pull-down assays. These fragments might be useful for the development of CRM1 inhibitors towards treatment of related diseases. The strategy applied here might help to tackle similar problems encountered in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Qi An
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Youfu Luo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, Division of NeurologyWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, Division of NeurologyWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of BiotherapyChengduChina
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Ferreira BI, Cautain B, Grenho I, Link W. Small Molecule Inhibitors of CRM1. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:625. [PMID: 32574233 PMCID: PMC7221118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport through the nuclear pore complex is used by cancer cells to evade tumor-suppressive mechanisms. Several tumor-suppressors have been shown to be excluded from the cell nucleus in cancer cells by the nuclear export receptor CRM1 and abnormal expression of CRM1 is oncogenic. Inhibition of CRM1 has long been postulated as potential approach for the treatment of cancer and to overcome therapy resistance. Furthermore, the nuclear export of viral components mediated by the CRM1 is crucial in various stages of the viral lifecycle and assembly of many viruses from diverse families, including coronavirus. However, the first nuclear export inhibitors failed or never entered into clinical trials. More recently CRM1 reemerged as a cancer target and a successful proof of concept was achieved with the clinical approval of Selinexor. The chemical complexity of natural products is a promising perspective for the discovery of new nuclear export inhibitors with a favorable toxicity profile. Several screening campaigns have been performed and several natural product-based nuclear export inhibitors have been identified. With this review we give an overview over the role of CRM1-mediated nuclear export in cancer and the effort made to identify and develop nuclear export inhibitors in particular from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana I Ferreira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Fundacion MEDINA Parque tecnológico ciencias de la salud, Granada, Spain.,Evotec France, Toulouse, France
| | - Inês Grenho
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Tian X, Gao J, Liu M, Lei Y, Wang F, Chen J, Chu P, Gao J, Long F, Liang M, Long X, Chu H, Liu C, Li X, Sun Q, Li G, Yang Y. Small-Molecule Antagonist Targeting Exportin-1 via Rational Structure-Based Discovery. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3881-3895. [PMID: 32223194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exportin-1 (also named as CRM1) plays a prominent role in autoimmune disorders and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for colitis. Here we report on the rational structure-based discovery of a small-molecule antagonist of exportin-1, LFS-829, with low-range nanomolar activities. The co-crystallographic structure, surface plasmon resonance binding assay, and cell-based phenotypic nuclear export functional assay validated that exportin-1 is a key target of LFS-829. Moreover, we demonstrated that the C528S mutation or the knockdown on exportin-1 can abolish the cellular activities of LFS-829. Strikingly, oral administration of LFS-829 can significantly reverse the pathological features of colitis model mice. We revealed that LFS-829 can attenuate dual NF-κB signaling and the Nrf2 cytoprotection pathway via targeting exportin-1 in colitis mice. Moreover, LFS-829 has a very low risk of cardiotoxicity and acute toxicity. Therefore, LFS-829 holds great promise for the treatment of colitis and may warrant translation for use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Tian
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meishuo Liu
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiujiao Gao
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feida Long
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Minzhi Liang
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Laboratoy of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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16
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Birnbaum DJ, Finetti P, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E, Bertucci F. XPO1 Expression Is a Poor-Prognosis Marker in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E596. [PMID: 31052304 PMCID: PMC6572621 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers and new systemic therapies are urgently needed. Exportin-1 (XPO1), which is a member of the importin-β superfamily of karyopherins, is the major exporter of many tumor suppressor proteins that are involved in the progression of PAC. Promising pre-clinical data using XPO1 inhibitors have been reported in PAC, but very few data are available regarding XPO1 expression in clinical samples. Retrospectively, we analyzed XPO1 mRNA expression in 741 pancreatic samples, including 95 normal, 73 metastatic and 573 primary cancers samples, and searched for correlations with clinicopathological and molecular data, including overall survival. XPO1 expression was heterogeneous across the samples, higher in metastatic samples than in the primary tumors, and higher in primaries than in the normal samples. "XPO1-high" tumors were associated with positive pathological lymph node status and aggressive molecular subtypes. They were also associated with shorter overall survival in both uni- and multivariate analyses. Supervised analysis between the "XPO1-high" and "XPO1-low" tumors identified a robust 268-gene signature, whereby ontology analysis suggested increased XPO1 activity in the "XPO1-high" tumors. XPO1 expression refines the prognostication in PAC and higher expression exists in secondary versus primary tumors, which supports the development of XPO1 inhibitors in this so-lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jérémie Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13273 Marseille, France.
- Département de Chirurgie Générale et Viscérale, AP-HM, F-13000 Marseille, France.
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13273 Marseille, France.
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17
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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18
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Monteleone F, Taverna S, Alessandro R, Fontana S. SWATH-MS based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals that curcumin alters the metabolic enzyme profile of CML cells by affecting the activity of miR-22/IPO7/HIF-1α axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:170. [PMID: 30045750 PMCID: PMC6060558 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder caused by expression of the chimeric BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase oncogene, resulting from the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation. Imatinib (gleevec, STI-571) is a selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL activity highly effective in the treatment of CML. However, even though almost all CML patients respond to treatment with imatinib or third generation inhibitors, these drugs are not curative and need to be taken indefinitely or until patients become resistant. Therefore, to get a definitive eradication of leukemic cells, it is necessary to find novel therapeutic combinations, for achieving greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Curcumin is an Indian spice with several therapeutic properties: anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and anti-cancer. In cancer disease, it acts by blocking cell transformation, proliferation, and invasion and by inducing cell apoptosis. METHODS In the present study, the effect of a sub-toxic dose of curcumin on K562 cells was evaluated by using the technique of Sequential Window Activation of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS). Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data was performed to highlight the pathways mostly affected by the treatment. The involvement of Hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) was assayed by evaluating its activation status and the modulation of importin 7 (IPO7) and miR-22 was assessed by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Finally, K562 cells transfected with miR-22 inhibitor were used to confirm the ability of curcumin to elicit miR-22 expression. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the most relevant effect induced by curcumin was a consistent decrease of several proteins involved in glucose metabolism, most of which were HIF-1α targets, concomitant with the up-regulation of functional and structural mitochondrial proteins. The mechanism by which curcumin affects metabolic enzyme profile was associated with the reduction of HIF-1α activity, due to the miR-22-mediated down-regulation of IPO7 expression. Finally, the ability of curcumin to enhance in vitro the efficiency of imatinib was reported. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data indicates that the miR-22/IPO7/HIF-1α axis may be considered as a novel molecular target of curcumin adding new insights to better define therapeutic activity and anticancer properties of this natural compound. The MS proteomic data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier <PXD007771>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Monteleone
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies - Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies - Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies - Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Lee YH, Song NY, Suh J, Kim DH, Kim W, Ann J, Lee J, Baek JH, Na HK, Surh YJ. Curcumin suppresses oncogenicity of human colon cancer cells by covalently modifying the cysteine 67 residue of SIRT1. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:219-229. [PMID: 29807115 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, has diverse physiological actions. Recent studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, suggesting its oncogenic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms by which overexpressed SIRT1 induces the progression of colorectal cancer and its inhibition remain largely unknown. Curcumin (diferuloymethane), a major component of the spice turmeric derived from the plant Curcuma longa L., has been reported to exert chemopreventive and anti-carcinogenic effects on colon carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that curcumin reduced the expression of SIRT1 protein without influencing its mRNA expression in human colon cancer cells, suggesting posttranslational regulation of SIRT1 by this phytochemical. Notably, ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of SIRT1 were induced by curcumin treatment. Results of nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the direct binding of curcumin to cysteine 67 of SIRT1. In line with this result, the protein stability and clonogenicity of a mutant SIRT1 in which cysteine 67 was substituted by alanine were unaffected by curcumin. Taken together, these observations suggest that curcumin facilitates the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic SIRT1 through covalent modification of SIRT1 at the cysteine 67 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwa Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heum Baek
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Muqbil I, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Nuclear Export Inhibition for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E138. [PMID: 29735942 PMCID: PMC5977111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is resistant to most available therapeutics. Pancreatic cancer to date has no effective drugs that could enhance the survival of patients once their disease has metastasized. There is a need for the identification of novel actionable drug targets in this unusually recalcitrant cancer. Nuclear protein transport is an important mechanism that regulates the function of several tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) in a compartmentalization-dependent manner. High expression of the nuclear exporter chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) or exportin 1 (XPO1), a common feature of several cancers including pancreatic cancer, results in excessive export of critical TSPs to the incorrect cellular compartment, leading to their functional inactivation. Small molecule inhibitors of XPO1 can block this export, retaining very important and functional TSPs in the nucleus and leading to the effective killing of the cancer cells. This review highlights the current knowledge on the role of XPO1 in pancreatic cancer and how this serves as a unique and clinically viable target in this devastating and by far incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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21
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Subcellular localization of Klf4 in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:480-485. [PMID: 29665649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) was reported to have both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles on tumorigenesis, which is depend on its subcellular localization. In this study, the expression and subcellular localization of Klf4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as well as its clinical significance were analyzed, and the expression and subcellular localization of Klf4 in A549 cells and A549/DDP cells were detected. The results showed that the expression of Klf4 in nucleus was related to the histological grade and clinical stage of NSCLC patients. Moreover, the subcellular localization of Klf4 is the independent risk factor for NSCLC, and the high expression of Klf4 in nucleus could lead to a poor prognosis, while the high expression of Klf4 in cytoplasm could lead to a prominent prognosis for NSCLC patients. In addition, the nuclear Klf4 expression in A549/DDP cells was higher than that in A549 cells, while the cytoplasmic Klf4 expression in A549/DDP cells was lower than that in A549 cells, indicating that the subcellular localization of Klf4 might be related to the resistance of A549 cells to cisplatin. The study indicates that Klf4 could be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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22
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Wang H, Wang F, Wu S, Liu Z, Li T, Mao L, Zhang J, Li C, Liu C, Yang Y. Traditional herbal medicine-derived sulforaphene promotes mitophagic cell death in lymphoma cells through CRM1-mediated p62/SQSTM1 accumulation and AMPK activation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 281:11-23. [PMID: 29247643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphene (LFS-01) is the major chemical constituent of Raphanus sativus, a medicinal herb used for over a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine. Here we identified that LFS-01 can selectively eradicate lymphoma cells while sparing normal lymphocytes by triggering concomitant mitophagy and apoptosis. We demonstrated that LFS-01 can retain Nrf2 in the nucleus by covalently modulating CRM1 and consequently upregulate p62/SQSTM1, an essential structural component of the autophagosomes during mitophagic process. We found that LFS-01 treatment also stimulated AMPK and thereby inhibited the mTOR pathway. On the contrary, we revealed that AMPK inhibition can severely impair the LFS-01-mediated mitophagy. Transcriptomic studies confirmed that 15 autophagy-associated genes such as p62/SQSTM1, VCP and BCL2 were differentially expressed after LFS-01 treatment. Furthermore, protein interactome network analysis revealed that the events of apoptosis and the assembly of autophagy vacuole were significant upon LFS-01 exposure. Lastly, we found that LFS-01 exhibited strong efficacy in xenograft mouse model yet with the lack of apparent toxicity to animals. We concluded that LFS-01 triggered mitophagic cell death via CRM1-mediated p62 overexpression and AMPK activation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action for LFS-01 and highlight its potential applications in treating major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Sijin Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Mao
- DrivingForce Therapeutics, Venture Harbor, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
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23
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Nuclear IGF-1R predicts chemotherapy and targeted therapy resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1777-1786. [PMID: 29123263 PMCID: PMC5729466 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although chemotherapy is the cornerstone treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), acquired chemoresistance is common and constitutes the main reason for treatment failure. Monoclonal antibodies against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been tested in pre-treated mCRC patients, but results have been largely deceiving. Methods: We analysed time to progression, overall survival, and the mutational status of RAS, BRAF and nuclear p-IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry, in 470 metastatic CRC patients. The effect of IGF-1R activation and distribution was also assessed using cellular models of CRC and RNAi for functional validation. Results: Nuclear IGF-1R increased in metastatic tumours compared to paired untreated primary tumours, and significantly correlated with poor overall survival in mCRC patients. In vitro, chemo-resistant cell lines presented significantly higher levels of IGF-1R expression within the nuclear compartment, and PIAS3, a protein implicated also in the sumoylation process of intranuclear proteins, contributed to IGF-1R nuclear sequestration, highlighting the essential role of PIAS3 in this process. Intriguingly, we observed that ganitumab, an IGF-1R blocking-antibody used in several clinical trials, and dasatinib, an SRC inhibitor, increased the nuclear localisation of IGF-1R. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that IGF-1R nuclear location might lead to chemotherapy and targeted agent resistance.
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24
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Muralidharan P, Connors CT, Mohammed AS, Sarmah S, Marrs K, Marrs JA, Chism GW. Turmeric Extract Rescues Ethanol-Induced Developmental Defect in the Zebrafish Model for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). J Food Sci 2017; 82:2221-2225. [PMID: 28796310 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure causes the most frequent preventable birth disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The effect of turmeric extracts in rescuing an ethanol-induced developmental defect using zebrafish as a model was determined. Ethanol-induced oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms underlying FASD. We hypothesize that antioxidant inducing properties of turmeric may alleviate ethanol-induced defects. Curcuminoid content of the turmeric powder extract (5 mg/mL turmeric in ethanol) was determined by UPLC and found to contain Curcumin (124.1 ± 0.2 μg/mL), Desmethoxycurcumin (43.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL), and Bisdemethoxycurcumin (36.6 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Zebrafish embryos were treated with 100 mM (0.6% v/v) ethanol during gastrulation through organogenesis (2 to 48 h postfertilization (hpf)) and supplemented with turmeric extract to obtain total curcuminoid concentrations of 0, 1.16, 1.72, or 2.32 μM. Turmeric supplementation showed significant rescue of the body length at 72 hpf compared to ethanol-treated embryos. The mechanism underlying the rescue remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Muralidharan
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Craig T Connors
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Arooj S Mohammed
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Swapnalee Sarmah
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen Marrs
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - James A Marrs
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
| | - Grady W Chism
- Dept. of Biology, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind., 46202, U.S.A
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Mathew C, Ghildyal R. CRM1 Inhibitors for Antiviral Therapy. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1171. [PMID: 28702009 PMCID: PMC5487384 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major global concern and despite major advancements in medical research, still cause significant morbidity and mortality. Progress in antiviral therapy is particularly hindered by appearance of mutants capable of overcoming the effects of drugs targeting viral components. Alternatively, development of drugs targeting host proteins essential for completion of viral lifecycle holds potential as a viable strategy for antiviral therapy. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways in particular are involved in several pathological conditions including cancer and viral infections, where hijacking or alteration of function of key transporter proteins, such as Chromosome Region Maintenance1 (CRM1) is observed. Overexpression of CRM1-mediated nuclear export is evident in several solid and hematological malignancies. Interestingly, CRM1-mediated nuclear export of viral components is crucial in various stages of the viral lifecycle and assembly. This review summarizes the role of CRM1 in cancer and selected viruses. Leptomycin B (LMB) is the prototypical inhibitor of CRM1 potent against various cancer cell lines overexpressing CRM1 and in limiting viral infections at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. However, the irreversible shutdown of nuclear export results in high cytotoxicity and limited efficacy in vivo. This has prompted search for synthetic and natural CRM1 inhibitors that can potentially be developed as broadly active antivirals, some of which are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Health Research Institute, University of CanberraCanberra, ACT, Australia
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26
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Wu S, Zhang K, Qin H, Niu M, Zhao W, Ye M, Zou H, Yang Y. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) revisited: Covalent modulation of XPO1/CRM1 activities and implication for its mechanism of action. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:655-662. [PMID: 27863053 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the bioactive constituent of propolis from honeybee hives and is well known for its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Herein, we revisited the cellular mechanism underlying the diverse biological effects of CAPE. We demonstrated that XPO1/CRM1, a major nuclear export receptor, is a cellular target of CAPE. Through nuclear export functional assay, we observed a clear shift of XPO1 cargo proteins from a cytoplasmic localization to nucleus when treated with CAPE. In particular, we showed that CAPE could specifically target the non-catalytic and conserved Cys528 of XPO1 through the means of mass spectrometric analysis. In addition, we demonstrated that the mutation of Cys528 residue in XPO1 could rescue the nuclear export defects caused by CAPE. Furthermore, we performed position-restraint molecular dynamics simulation to show that the Michael acceptor moiety of CAPE is the warhead to enable covalent binding with Cys528 residue of XPO1. The covalent modulation of nuclear export by CAPE may explain its diverse biological effects. Our findings may have general implications for further investigation of CAPE and its structural analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Keren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Pharmacology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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27
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Shao WY, Yang YL, Yan H, Huang Q, Liu KJ, Zhang S. Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses the metastasis of ovarian cancer associated with the inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export and mTOR-STAT3 pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:26-35. [PMID: 27981892 PMCID: PMC5323014 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1264540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is prone to metastasizing at an early stage, but their mechanisms remain unclear. CRM1 is an important nuclear exportin and inhibitors targeting CRM1 has been explored as an anti-cancer strategy. In previous study, we observed that PEITC could combine with the hydrophobic pocket of CRM1. In this study, we focused on the effects of PEITC on EOC and its mechanisms. Results showed that IC50 values of PEITC on SKOV3 and HO8910 cell line were 42.14 μM and 37.29 μM, respectively. PEITC inhibits the migration and invasion of SKOV3 and HO8910 cells in vitro. Oral administration of 10 μmol PEITC suppressed the metastasis of EOC in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. PEITC treatment decreased the expressions of CRM1 and mTOR (cargo protein of CRM1) in EOC cell lines and in xenograft mouse tissues. Moreover, CRM1-mediated nuclear export was attenuated by PEITC, mTOR accumulated in nucleus, expressions of mTORS2448 and downstream effectors STAT3S727, MMP2 and MMP9 were decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that CRM1 and mTOR were increased in EOC tissues compared with benign ovarian tumors, and related with advanced stage, type II EOC, positive peritoneal cytology and decreased overall survival. In addition, CRM1 was positively correlated with mTOR levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that PEITC suppresses the metastasis of EOC through inhibiting CRM1-mediated nuclear export, subsequently suppressing the mTOR-STAT3 pathway. Both CRM1 and mTOR were increased in EOC patients, providing a rationale for further clinical investigation of PEITC in EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu Shao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong Liang Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kai Jiang Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Liu C, Yang C, Lu L, Wang W, Tan W, Leung CH, Ma DL. Luminescent iridium( iii) complexes as COX-2-specific imaging agents in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2822-2825. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This is the first application of iridium(iii) complexes as imaging agents for COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Lihua Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface
- Shands Cancer Center
- UF Genetics Institute
- McKnight Brain Institute
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao
- China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
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Anderson AM, Ragan MA. Palmitoylation: a protein S-acylation with implications for breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721385 PMCID: PMC5515344 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that involves linkage of a fatty acid chain predominantly to a cysteine amino acid via a thioester bond. The fatty acid molecule is primarily palmitate, thus the term 'palmitoylation' is more commonly used. Palmitoylation has been found to modulate all stages of protein function including maturational processing, trafficking, membrane anchoring, signaling range and efficacy, and degradation. In breast cancer, palmitoylation has been shown to control the function of commonly dysregulated genes including estrogen receptors, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors, and cancer stem cell markers. Importantly, palmitoylation is a critical factor controlling the formation of complexes at the plasma membrane involving tetraspanins, integrins, and gene products that are key to cell-cell communication. During metastasis, cancer cells enhance their metastatic capacity by interacting with stroma and immune cells. Although aberrant palmitoylation could contribute to tumor initiation and growth, its potential role in these cell-cell interactions is of particular interest, as it may provide mechanistic insight into metastasis, including cancer cell-driven immune modulation. Compelling evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in breast cancer remains to be established. To this end, in this review we summarize emerging evidence and highlight pertinent knowledge gaps, suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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30
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Sun Q, Chen X, Zhou Q, Burstein E, Yang S, Jia D. Inhibiting cancer cell hallmark features through nuclear export inhibition. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16010. [PMID: 29263896 PMCID: PMC5661660 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating cancer through inhibition of nuclear export is one of the best examples of basic research translation into clinical application. Nuclear export factor chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1; Xpo1 and exportin-1) controls cellular localization and function of numerous proteins that are critical for the development of many cancer hallmarks. The diverse actions of CRM1 are likely to explain the broad ranging anti-cancer potency of CRM1 inhibitors observed in pre-clinical studies and/or clinical trials (phase I–III) on both advanced-stage solid and hematological tumors. In this review, we compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of different CRM1 inhibitors, and discuss the potential benefit of unexplored non-covalent CRM1 inhibitors. This emerging field has uncovered that nuclear export inhibition is well poised as an attractive target towards low-toxicity broad-spectrum potent anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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31
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Sukari A, Muqbil I, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, Azmi AS. F-BOX proteins in cancer cachexia and muscle wasting: Emerging regulators and therapeutic opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 36:95-104. [PMID: 26804424 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a debilitating metabolic syndrome accounting for fatigue, an impairment of normal activities, loss of muscle mass associated with body weight loss eventually leading to death in majority of patients with advanced disease. Cachexia patients undergoing skeletal muscle atrophy show consistent activation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase (F-BOX) family member Atrogin-1 (also known as MAFBx/FBXO32) alongside the activation of the muscle ring finger protein1 (MuRF1). Other lesser known F-BOX family members are also emerging as key players supporting muscle wasting pathways. Recent work highlights a spectrum of different cancer signaling mechanisms impacting F-BOX family members that feed forward muscle atrophy related genes during cachexia. These novel players provide unique opportunities to block cachexia induced skeletal muscle atrophy by therapeutically targeting the SCF protein ligases. Conversely, strategies that induce the production of proteins may be helpful to counter the effects of these F-BOX proteins. Through this review, we bring forward some novel targets that promote atrogin-1 signaling in cachexia and muscle wasting and highlight newer therapeutic opportunities that can help in the better management of patients with this devastating and fatal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Sukari
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; iTRI Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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32
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Dickmanns A, Monecke T, Ficner R. Structural Basis of Targeting the Exportin CRM1 in Cancer. Cells 2015; 4:538-68. [PMID: 26402707 PMCID: PMC4588050 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the interference of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking with the establishment and maintenance of various cancers. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly regulated and coordinated, involving different nuclear transport factors or receptors, importins and exportins, that mediate cargo transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus or the other way round, respectively. The exportin CRM1 (Chromosome region maintenance 1) exports a plethora of different protein cargoes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Structural and biochemical analyses have enabled the deduction of individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle. In addition, CRM1 turned out to be a valid target for anticancer drugs as it exports numerous proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Clearly, detailed understanding of the flexibility, regulatory features and cooperative binding properties of CRM1 for Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the design of highly effective drugs. The first compound found to inhibit CRM1-dependent nuclear export was the natural drug Leptomycin B (LMB), which blocks export by competitively interacting with a highly conserved cleft on CRM1 required for nuclear export signal recognition. Clinical studies revealed serious side effects of LMB, leading to a search for alternative natural and synthetic drugs and hence a multitude of novel therapeutics. The present review examines recent progress in understanding the binding mode of natural and synthetic compounds and their inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Dickmanns
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Thomas Monecke
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Abteilung für Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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33
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Curcumin Prevents Palmitoylation of Integrin β4 in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125399. [PMID: 25938910 PMCID: PMC4418632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been shown to mitigate cancer phenotypes such as invasive migration, proliferation, and survival by disrupting numerous signaling pathways. Our previous studies showed that curcumin inhibits integrin β4 (ITG β4)-dependent migration by blocking interaction of this integrin with growth factor receptors in lipid rafts. In the current study, we investigated the possibility that curcumin inhibits ITG β4 palmitoylation, a post-translational modification required for its lipid raft localization and signaling activity. We found that the levels of ITG β4 palmitoylation correlated with the invasive potential of breast cancer cells, and that curcumin effectively reduced the levels of ITG β4 palmitoylation in invasive breast cancer cells. Through studies of ITG β4 palmitoylation kinetics, we concluded curcumin suppressed palmitoylation independent of growth factor-induced phosphorylation of key ITG β4 Ser and Tyr residues. Rather, curcumin blocked autoacylation of the palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC3 that is responsible for ITG β4 palmitoylation. Moreover, these data reveal that curcumin is able to prevent the palmitoylation of a subset of proteins, but not indiscriminately bind to and block all cysteines from modifications. Our studies reveal a novel paradigm for curcumin to account for much of its biological activity, and specifically, how it is able to suppress the signaling function of ITG β4 in breast cancer cells.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances the therapeutic effects of leptomycin B on human lung cancer a549 cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:217304. [PMID: 25922640 PMCID: PMC4397486 DOI: 10.1155/2015/217304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown Leptomycin B (LMB) is a promising antilung cancer drug. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has antitumor properties but a debatable clinical application. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combination therapeutic effect of LMB and EGCG and its molecular mechanisms in human lung cancer A549 cells. Increased cytotoxicity was observed in LMB+EGCG-treated cells compared to LMB-treated cells. Elevated ROS was maximized 2 h after treatment, and LMB+EGCG-treated cells had higher ROS levels compared to LMB. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) studies confirmed the oxidative role of LMB and/or EGCG treatment. In comparison to the control, CYP3A4, SOD, GPX1, and p21 mRNA expression levels were increased 7.1-, 2.0-, 4.6-, and 13.1-fold in LMB-treated cells, respectively, while survivin was decreased 42.6-fold. Additionally, these increases of CYP3A4, SOD, and GPX1 were significantly reduced, while p21 was significantly increased in LMB+EGCG-treated cells compared to LMB-treated cells. The qRT-PCR results for p21 and survivin were further confirmed by Western blot. Our study first shows that LMB produces ROS and is possibly metabolized by CYP3A4, GPX1, and SOD in A549 cells, and combination treatment of LMB and EGCG augments LMB-induced cytotoxicity through enhanced ROS production and the modulation of drug metabolism and p21/survivin pathways.
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Cao L, Zhou J, Zhang J, Wu S, Yang X, Zhao X, Li H, Luo M, Yu Q, Lin G, Lin H, Xie J, Li P, Hu X, Zheng C, Bu G, Zhang YW, Xu H, Yang Y, Huang C, Zhang J. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 decreases in gastric cancer and its nuclear accumulation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1419-28. [PMID: 25609066 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a cyclin-independent atypical CDK, the role of CDK5 in regulating cell proliferation in gastric cancer remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of CDK5 in gastric tumor and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 437 patients was measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The subcellular translocation of CDK5 was monitored during gastric cancer cell proliferation. The role of nuclear CDK5 in gastric cancer tumorigenic proliferation and ex vivo xenografts was explored. Furthermore, by screening for compounds in the PubChem database that disrupt CDK5 association with its nuclear export facilitator, we identified a small molecular (NS-0011) that inhibits gastric cancer cell growth. RESULTS CDK5 level was significantly decreased in the majority of gastric tumor tissues, and the reduction of CDK5 correlated with the severity of gastric cancer based on tumor and lymph node metastasis and patient 5-year fatality rate. Nuclear localization of CDK5 was found to be significantly decreased in tumor tissues and gastric cancer cell lines, whereas exogenously expression of nucleus-targeted CDK5 inhibited the proliferation and xenograft implantation of gastric cancer cells. Treatment with the small molecule NS-0011, which increases CDK5 accumulation in the nucleus, suppressed both cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that low CDK5 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer, and nuclear accumulation of CDK5 inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Jiechao Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Junrong Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Sijin Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xintao Yang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Huifang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangtan Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huizhong Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaohui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China. Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China. Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China. Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Yongliang Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian China. Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Wang C, Xu L, Cheng F, Wang H, Jia L. Curcumin induces structural change and reduces the growth of amyloid-β fibrils: a QCM-D study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin inhibited Aβ fibril growth through leading to the structural conversion of the growing fibril to a more loosely constructed aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
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Gravina GL, Senapedis W, McCauley D, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Festuccia C. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport as a therapeutic target of cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:85. [PMID: 25476752 PMCID: PMC4272779 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuttling of specific proteins out of the nucleus is essential for the regulation of the cell cycle and proliferation of both normal and malignant tissues. Dysregulation of this fundamental process may affect many other important cellular processes such as tumor growth, inflammatory response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. It is known that XPO1 (Exportin-1/Chromosome Region Maintenance 1/CRM1) is the main mediator of nuclear export in many cell types. Nuclear proteins exported to the cytoplasm by XPO1 include the drug targets topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) and BCR-ABL and tumor suppressor proteins such as Rb, APC, p53, p21, and p27. XPO1 can mediate cell proliferation through several pathways: (i) the sub-cellular localization of NES-containing oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins, (ii) the control of the mitotic apparatus and chromosome segregation, and (iii) the maintenance of nuclear and chromosomal structures. The XPO1 protein is elevated in ovarian carcinoma, glioma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic and cervical cancer. There is a growing body of research indicating that XPO1 may have an important role as a prognostic marker in solid tumors. Because of this, nuclear export inhibition through XPO1 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in many cancers. The best understood XPO1 inhibitors are the small molecule nuclear export inhibitors (NEIs; Leptomycin B and derivatives, ratjadones, PKF050-638, valtrate, ACA, CBS9106, selinexor/KPT-330, and verdinexor/KPT-335). Selinexor and verdinexor are orally bioavailable, highly potent, small molecules that are classified as Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE). KPT-330 is the only NEI currently in Phase I/II human clinical trials in hematological and solid cancers. Of all the potential targets in nuclear cytoplasmic transport, the nuclear export receptor XPO1 remains the best understood and most advanced therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Dilara McCauley
- />Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., 85 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA USA
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- />Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., 85 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA USA
| | - Sharon Shacham
- />Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., 85 Wells Avenue, Newton, MA USA
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Srivastava P, Yadav RS, Chandravanshi LP, Shukla RK, Dhuriya YK, Chauhan LKS, Dwivedi HN, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Unraveling the mechanism of neuroprotection of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:428-440. [PMID: 24952339 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we found that arsenic induced cholinergic deficits in rat brain could be protected by curcumin. In continuation to this, the present study is focused to unravel the molecular mechanisms associated with the protective efficacy of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic deficits. Exposure to arsenic (20mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days in rats resulted to decrease the expression of CHRM2 receptor gene associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions as evident by decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of mitochondrial complexes and enhanced apoptosis both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in comparison to controls. The ultrastructural images of arsenic exposed rats, assessed by transmission electron microscope, exhibited loss of myelin sheath and distorted cristae in the mitochondria both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus as compared to controls. Simultaneous treatment with arsenic (20mg/kg body weight, p.o) and curcumin (100mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days in rats was found to protect arsenic induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of mitochondrial complexes both in frontal cortex and hippocampus. Alterations in the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and ultrastructural damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus following arsenic exposure were also protected in rats simultaneously treated with arsenic and curcumin. The data of the present study reveal that curcumin could protect arsenic induced cholinergic deficits by modulating the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the brain. More interestingly, arsenic induced functional and ultrastructural changes in the brain mitochondria were also protected by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Rajesh S Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Department of Crimnology and Forensic Science, Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, India
| | - Lalit P Chandravanshi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Yogesh K Dhuriya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Lalit K S Chauhan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Hari N Dwivedi
- Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 227 015, India
| | - Aditiya B Pant
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Tohda C, Kuboyama T. [New perspective in pharmacology brought by studying traditional medicine]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 143:73-77. [PMID: 24531900 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.143.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Salem M, Rohani S, Gillies ER. Curcumin, a promising anti-cancer therapeutic: a review of its chemical properties, bioactivity and approaches to cancer cell delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46396f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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