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Su R, Han C, Chen G, Li H, Liu W, Wang C, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Ma H. Low- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves the physiological acclimatization of lowlanders on the Tibetan plateau. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:834-845. [PMID: 38874991 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates whether exercise as a strategy for improving physical fitness at sea level also offers comparable benefits in the unique context of high altitudes (HA), considering the physiological challenges of hypoxic conditions. Overall, 121 lowlanders who had lived on the Tibetan Plateau for >2 years and were still living at HA during the measurements were randomly classified into four groups. Each individual of the low-intensity (LI), moderate-intensity (MI), and high-intensity (HI) groups performed 20 sessions of aerobic exercise at HA (3680 m) over 4 weeks, while the control group (CG) did not undergo any intervention. Physiological responses before and after the intervention were observed. The LI and MI groups experienced significant improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness (0.27 and 0.35 L/min increases in peak oxygen uptake [V ˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$ O2peak], both p < 0.05) after exercise intervention, while the hematocrit (HCT) remained unchanged (p > 0.05). However, HI exercise was less efficient for cardiopulmonary fitness of lowlanders (0.02 L/min decrease inV ˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$ O2peak, p > 0.05), whereas both the HCT (1.74 %, p < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (18.41 mL/min, p < 0.001) increased with HI intervention. Therefore, LI and MI aerobic exercise, rather than HI, can help lowlanders in Tibet become more acclimated to the HA by increasing cardiopulmonary function and counteracting erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province/Beijing Normal University, Beijing, Qinghai, China
| | - Chenxiao Han
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Guiquan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Tibet Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of High Altitudes Brain Science and Environmental Acclimation, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province/Beijing Normal University, Beijing, Qinghai, China
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Zhang G, Yang G, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Yin M, Ma L, Fan M, Zhao YQ, Zhu L. Intermittent hypoxia training effectively protects against cognitive decline caused by acute hypoxia exposure. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:197-210. [PMID: 37994929 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) is a promising approach that has been used to induce acclimatization to hypoxia and subsequently lower the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS). However, the effects of IHT on cognitive and cerebrovascular function after acute hypoxia exposure have not been characterized. In the present study, we first confirmed that the simplified IHT paradigm was effective at relieving AMS at 4300 m. Second, we found that IHT improved participants' cognitive and neural alterations when they were exposed to hypoxia. Specifically, impaired working memory performance, decreased conflict control function, impaired cognitive control, and aggravated mental fatigue induced by acute hypoxia exposure were significantly alleviated in the IHT group. Furthermore, a reversal of brain swelling induced by acute hypoxia exposure was visualized in the IHT group using magnetic resonance imaging. An increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) was observed in multiple brain regions of the IHT group after hypoxia exposure as compared with the control group. Based on these findings, the simplified IHT paradigm might facilitate hypoxia acclimatization, alleviate AMS symptoms, and increase CBF in multiple brain regions, thus ameliorating brain swelling and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Zhang
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ming Yin
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Ramchandani R, Florica IT, Zhou Z, Alemi A, Baranchuk A. Review of Athletic Guidelines for High-Altitude Training and Acclimatization. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38207236 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ramchandani, Rashi, Ioana Tereza Florica, Zier Zhou, Aziz Alemi, and Adrian Baranchuk. Review of athletic guidelines for high-altitude training and acclimatization. High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2024. Introduction: Exposure to high altitude results in hypobaric hypoxia with physiological acclimatization changes that are thought to influence athletic performance. This review summarizes existing literature regarding implications of high-altitude training and altitude-related guidelines from major governing bodies of sports. Methods: A nonsystematic review was performed using PubMed and OVID Medline to identify articles regarding altitude training and guidelines from international governing bodies of various sports. Sports inherently involving training or competing at high altitude were excluded. Results: Important physiological compensatory mechanisms to high-altitude environments include elevations in blood pressure, heart rate, red blood cell mass, tidal volume, and respiratory rate. These responses can have varying effects on athletic performance. Governing sport bodies have limited and differing regulations for training and competition at high altitudes with recommended acclimatization periods ranging from 3 days to 3 weeks. Discussion: Physiological changes in response to high terrestrial altitude exposure can have substantial impacts on athletic performance. Major sport governing bodies have limited regulations and recommendations regarding altitude training and competition. Existing guidelines are variable and lack substantial evidence to support recommendations. Additional studies are needed to clarify the implications of high-altitude exposure on athletic ability to optimize training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Ramchandani
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioana Tereza Florica
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zier Zhou
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics and Vascular Biology Division, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aziz Alemi
- Department of Cardiology, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Kingston Health Science Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Li X, Zhang J, Liu G, Wu G, Wang R, Zhang J. High altitude hypoxia and oxidative stress: The new hope brought by free radical scavengers. Life Sci 2024; 336:122319. [PMID: 38035993 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Various strategies can be employed to prevent and manage altitude illnesses, including habituation, oxygenation, nutritional support, and medication. Nevertheless, the utilization of drugs for the prevention and treatment of hypoxia is accompanied by certain adverse effects. Consequently, the quest for medications that exhibit minimal side effects while demonstrating high efficacy remains a prominent area of research. In this context, it is noteworthy that free radical scavengers exhibit remarkable anti-hypoxia activity. These scavengers effectively eliminate excessive free radicals and mitigate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby safeguarding the body against oxidative damage induced by plateau hypoxia. In this review, we aim to elucidate the pathogenesis of plateau diseases that are triggered by hypoxia-induced oxidative stress at high altitudes. Additionally, we present a range of free radical scavengers as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches to mitigate the occurrence of common diseases associated with hypoxia at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juanhong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Guoan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guofan Wu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Remediation of Plateau Environmental Damage, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Fernandes MSDS, Fidelis DEDS, Aidar FJ, Badicu G, Greco G, Cataldi S, Santos GCJ, de Souza RF, Ardigò LP. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3990. [PMID: 37764774 PMCID: PMC10535924 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To summarize available evidence in the literature on the impacts of CoQ10 supplementation on metabolic, biochemical, and performance outcomes in athletes. METHODS Six databases, Cochrane Library (33 articles), PubMed (90 articles), Scopus (55 articles), Embase (60 articles), SPORTDiscus (1056 articles), and Science Direct (165 articles), were researched. After applying the eligibility criteria, articles were selected for peer review independently as they were identified by June 2022. The protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022357750). RESULTS Of the 1409 articles found, 16 were selected for this systematic review. After CoQ10 supplementation, a decrease in oxidative stress markers was observed, followed by higher antioxidant activity. On the other hand, lower levels of liver damage markers (ALT); Aspartate aminotransferase (AST); and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) were identified. Finally, we found a reduction in fatigue indicators such as Creatine Kinase (CK) and an increase in anaerobic performance. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concludes that supplementation with orally administered CoQ10 (30-300 mg) was able to potentiate plasma antioxidant activity and anaerobic performance, reducing markers linked to oxidative stress and liver damage in athletes from different modalities aged 17 years old and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Débora Eduarda da Silvia Fidelis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (F.J.A.); (R.F.d.S.)
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Raphael Frabrício de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (F.J.A.); (R.F.d.S.)
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 5812 Oslo, Norway;
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Chang D, Kong F, Jiang W, Li F, Zhang C, Ding H, Kang Y, Li W, Huang C, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jiao H, Kang Y, Shang X, Zhang B. Effects of L-carnitine Administration on Sperm and Sex Hormone Levels in a Male Wistar Rat Reproductive System Injury Model in a High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxic Environment. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2231-2247. [PMID: 36633830 PMCID: PMC10310634 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The plateau environment impacts male reproductive function, causing decreased sperm quality and testosterone levels. L-carnitine can improve the semen microenvironment. However, the role of L-carnitine in a high-altitude environment remains unclear. In our study, we investigated the effects of L-carnitine administration in a male Wistar rat reproductive system injury model in the context of a simulated high-altitude environment. Rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A1, A2-low dose and A3-high dose) and high-altitude model groups (group B, C-low dose and D-high dose) with 20 rats in each group. With the exception of the normal control group exposed to normoxic conditions, the other groups were maintained in a hypobaric oxygen chamber that simulated an altitude of 6000 m for 28 days. In the experimental period, the low-dose groups (A2 and C) were administered 50 mg/kg L-carnitine via intraperitoneal injection once a day, and the high-dose groups (A3 and D) were given 100 mg/kg. After the feeding period, blood samples were collected to assess blood gas, serum hormone levels and oxidative stress. Sperm from the epididymis were collected to analyse various sperm parameters. After obtaining the testicular tissue, the morphological and pathological changes were observed under a light microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of the simulated high-altitude environment on the rat testis tissue is obvious. Specifically, a decreased testicular organ index and altered indices of arterial blood gas and serum sex hormone levels caused testicular tissue morphological damage, reduced sperm quality, increased sperm deformity rate and altered malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations. The results demonstrate that L-carnitine can be administered as a preventive intervention to reduce the reproductive damage caused by high-altitude hypobaric and hypoxic environments and improve semen quality in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Chang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feiyan Kong
- Second Department of Surgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Air Force Hangzhou Secret Service Rehabilitation Center, Convalescent Section First of Convalescent Zone Second, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fudong Li
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haoshuai Ding
- The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yindong Kang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chuang Huang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongmei Jiao
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yafen Kang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Ubuka T, Bu G, Tobari Y. Editorial: Stress and reproduction in animal models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202275. [PMID: 37214241 PMCID: PMC10198259 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ubuka
- Initiative for Research and Development, International Cancer Laboratory Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guixian Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yasuko Tobari
- School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu Z, Mei Y, Liu Y, Wei X, Xiao C, Gao Y, Ma Z. Time-course effects and mechanisms of hypobaric hypoxia on nervous system in mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 801:137163. [PMID: 36868397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time course on neurological impairment after acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure in mice and clarify the mechanism of acclimatization, so as to provide a suitable mice model and identify potential target against hypobaric hypoxia for further drug research. METHOD Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 7000 m for 1, 3, and 7 days (1HH, 3HH and 7HH respectively). The behavior of the mice was evaluated by novel object recognition (NOR) and morris water maze test (MWM), then, the pathological changes of mice brain tissues were observed by H&E and Nissl staining. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to characterize the transcriptome signatures, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot (WB) were used to verify the mechanisms of neurological impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia. RESULT The hypobaric hypoxia condition resulted in impaired learning and memory, decreased new object cognitive index, and increased escape latency to the hidden platform in mice, with significant changes seen in the 1HH and 3HH groups. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA-seq results of hippocampal tissue showed that 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared in the 1HH group, 452 in the 3HH group, and 183 in the 7HH group compared to the control group. There were 60 key genes overlapping in three groups which represented persistent changes and closely related biological functions and regulatory mechanisms in hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injuries. DEGs enrichment analysis showed that hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injuries were associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and synaptic plasticity. ELISA and WB results confirmed that these responses occurred in all hypobaric hypoxic groups while attenuated in the 7HH group. VEGF-A-Notch signaling pathway was enriched by DEGs in hypobaric hypoxia groups and was validated by RT-PCR and WB. CONCLUSION The nervous system of mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia exhibited stress followed by gradual habituation and thus acclimatization over time, which was reflected in the biological mechanism involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic plasticity, and accompanied by activation of the VEGF-A-Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xianxie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Zuoxu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yu Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yufu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xue Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Zengchun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Li X, Mei M, Pu X, Chen X, Li X, Meng F, He S, Li J, Gu W, Yang X, Zhang F, Yu J. Protective effect and mechanism of Polygonatum kingianum against hypoxia-induced injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14353. [PMID: 36967867 PMCID: PMC10034467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an essential cause of fatigue and aging, and is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Polygonatum kingianum (PK) is a deficiency-nourishing Chinese herbal medicine utilized as both medicine and food, and it has long been used to ameliorate human conditions associated with fatigue and aging over 2000 years in China. PK is an important genuine-medicinal-materials cultivated in Yunnan, China, and is used by the Bai, Wa, and Zhuang nationalities as a traditional medicine for enhancing immunity, anti-fatigue, and anti-aging, while the preventive effect of PK on hypoxia-induced injury and the underlying mechanism are indefinite. Aim of the study The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypoxia efficacy and understand the corresponding mechanism of PK water extract. Materials and methods The main active ingredients and targets of PK were predicted using network pharmacology, and the anti-hypoxia activities of Gracillin and Liquiritigenin were verified by in vitro experiments. The pharmacodynamic experiments were conducted to evaluate the major signal pathways of PK for detecting anti-hypoxia activity. Results Fifty active ingredients and 371 potential targets were screened by network pharmacology, then, we confirmed that Gracillin and Liquiritigenin were the main active components of PK to exert anti-hypoxia effect in vitro. The pharmacodynamic experiments revealed that PK enhanced the extension rate of the survival time (ERST) and regulated the targets-related biochemical parameters of rats under hypoxia, showing significant anti-hypoxia effects on rats. Conclusion The network pharmacology results suggested that PK exerts its anti-hypoxia effect through a multi-component and multi-target manner. Simultaneously, we also observed that Gracillin (saponins) and Liquiritigenin (flavonoids) are the main active components of PK to play a role in anti-hypoxia. The anti-hypoxia effect of PK could be associated with scavenging excess free radicals, maintaining the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation. These findings provide insight into the Polygonatum kingianum as promising medicines or healthcare products for preventing and treating hypoxia.
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Proskurnina E, Martynov D, Yakushkin A, Zelenkova I. Non-enzymatic antioxidant blood plasma profile in the period of high training loads in elite speed skaters at the altituda. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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Mallet RT, Burtscher J, Pialoux V, Pasha Q, Ahmad Y, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Molecular Mechanisms of High-Altitude Acclimatization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021698. [PMID: 36675214 PMCID: PMC9866500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude illnesses (HAIs) result from acute exposure to high altitude/hypoxia. Numerous molecular mechanisms affect appropriate acclimatization to hypobaric and/or normobaric hypoxia and curtail the development of HAIs. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential to optimize hypoxic acclimatization for efficient prophylaxis and treatment of HAIs. This review aims to link outcomes of molecular mechanisms to either adverse effects of acute high-altitude/hypoxia exposure or the developing tolerance with acclimatization. After summarizing systemic physiological responses to acute high-altitude exposure, the associated acclimatization, and the epidemiology and pathophysiology of various HAIs, the article focuses on molecular adjustments and maladjustments during acute exposure and acclimatization to high altitude/hypoxia. Pivotal modifying mechanisms include molecular responses orchestrated by transcription factors, most notably hypoxia inducible factors, and reciprocal effects on mitochondrial functions and REDOX homeostasis. In addition, discussed are genetic factors and the resultant proteomic profiles determining these hypoxia-modifying mechanisms culminating in successful high-altitude acclimatization. Lastly, the article discusses practical considerations related to the molecular aspects of acclimatization and altitude training strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, FR-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Institute of Hypoxia Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Defense Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defense Research & Development Organization(DRDO), New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhao CC, Chen LY, Chen CJ, Wang QR, Li QH, Kang PD. Does living at high altitude increase the risk of bleeding events after total knee arthroplasty? A retrospective cohort study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:67-74. [PMID: 36318309 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-operative bleeding after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a frequent cause of post-operative complications. This study compared blood loss and indicators of coagulation and fibrinolysis between TKA patients living at low or high altitudes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients at our institution who underwent primary TKA from May 2019 to March 2020, and we divided them into those living in areas about 500 m or > 3000 m above sea level. We compared the primary outcome of total blood loss between them. We also compared them in terms of several secondary outcomes: coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters, platelet count, reduction in hemoglobin, hidden blood loss, intra-operative blood loss, transfusion rate, and incidence of thromboembolic events and other complications. RESULTS Total blood loss was significantly higher in the high-altitude group than in the low-altitude group (mean, 748.2 mL [95% CI, 658.5-837.9] vs 556.6 mL [95% CI, 496.0-617.1]; p = 0.001). The high-altitude group also showed significantly longer activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time before surgery and on post-operative day one, as well as increased levels of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product on post-operative days one and three. Ecchymosis was significantly more frequent in the high-altitude group (41.7 vs 21.7%; relative risk (RR) = 1.923 [95% CI, 1.091-3.389]; p = 0.019). The two groups showed similar transfusion rates, and none of the patients experienced venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, or infection. CONCLUSION High altitude may alter coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in a way that increases risk of blood loss after TKA. Such patients may benefit from special management to avoid bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yile Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ru Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-de Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Burtscher J, Mallet RT, Pialoux V, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia and/or Hyperoxia in Humans. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:887-912. [PMID: 35102747 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Oxygen is indispensable for aerobic life, but its utilization exposes cells and tissues to oxidative stress; thus, tight regulation of cellular, tissue, and systemic oxygen concentrations is crucial. Here, we review the current understanding of how the human organism (mal-)adapts to low (hypoxia) and high (hyperoxia) oxygen levels and how these adaptations may be harnessed as therapeutic or performance enhancing strategies at the systemic level. Recent Advances: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is already a cornerstone of modern medicine, and the application of mild hypoxia, that is, hypoxia conditioning (HC), to strengthen the resilience of organs or the whole body to severe hypoxic insults is an important preparation for high-altitude sojourns or to protect the cardiovascular system from hypoxic/ischemic damage. Many other applications of adaptations to hypo- and/or hyperoxia are only just emerging. HC-sometimes in combination with hyperoxic interventions-is gaining traction for the treatment of chronic diseases, including numerous neurological disorders, and for performance enhancement. Critical Issues: The dose- and intensity-dependent effects of varying oxygen concentrations render hypoxia- and/or hyperoxia-based interventions potentially highly beneficial, yet hazardous, although the risks versus benefits are as yet ill-defined. Future Directions: The field of low and high oxygen conditioning is expanding rapidly, and novel applications are increasingly recognized, for example, the modulation of aging processes, mood disorders, or metabolic diseases. To advance hypoxia/hyperoxia conditioning to clinical applications, more research on the effects of the intensity, duration, and frequency of altered oxygen concentrations, as well as on individual vulnerabilities to such interventions, is paramount. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 887-912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Xia Y, Wang D, Li J, Chen M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Liu B. Compounds purified from edible fungi fight against chronic inflammation through oxidative stress regulation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974794. [PMID: 36160418 PMCID: PMC9500316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer, which severely affect the health and quality of life of people. Oxidative stress induced by unbalanced production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the essential risk factors for chronic inflammation. Recent studies, including the studies of mushrooms, which have received considerable attention, report that the antioxidant effects of natural compounds have more advantages than synthetic antioxidants. Mushrooms have been consumed by humans as precious nourishment for 3,000 years, and so far, more than 350 types have been identified in China. Mushrooms are rich in polysaccharides, peptides, polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids and are associated with several healthy biological functions, especially antioxidant properties. As such, the extracts purified from mushrooms could activate the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway to neutralize excessive ROS and inhibit ROS-induced chronic inflammation through the NF-κB pathway. Recently, the antioxidant properties of mushrooms have been successfully applied to treating cardiovascular disease (CAD), neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The present review summarizes the antioxidant properties and the mechanism of compounds purified from mushrooms, emphasizing the oxidative stress regulation of mushrooms to fight against chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xia
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ziping Jiang, ; Bin Liu,
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ziping Jiang, ; Bin Liu,
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15
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Rytz CL, Pun M, Mawhinney JA, Mounsey CA, Mura M, Martin A, Pialoux V, Hartmann SE, Furian M, Rawling JM, Lopez I, Soza D, Moraga FA, Lichtblau M, Bader PR, Ulrich S, Bloch KE, Frise MC, Poulin MJ. Differential Effects of High-Altitude Exposure on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Profiles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R445-R456. [PMID: 35938686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High altitude (HA) exposure may stimulate significant physiological and molecular changes, resulting in HA-related illnesses. HA may impact oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and iron homeostasis, yet it is unclear how both repeated exposure and HA acclimatization may modulate such effects. Therefore, we assessed the effects of weeklong repeated daily HA exposure (2,900m to 5,050m) in altitude-naïve individuals (n=21, 13 females, mean ± SD, 25.3 ± 3.7 years) to mirror the working schedule of HA workers (n=19, all males, 40.1 ± 2.1 years) at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile). Markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and iron homeostasis were measured in blood plasma. Levels of protein oxidation (p<0.001) and catalase activity (p=0.023) increased and serum iron (p<0.001), serum ferritin (p<0.001) and transferrin saturation (p<0.001) levels decreased with HA exposure in both groups. HA workers had lower levels of oxidative stress, and higher levels of antioxidant capacity, iron supply and hemoglobin concentration as compared to altitude-naïve individuals. Upon a second week of daily HA exposure, changes in levels of protein oxidation, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide metabolites were lower as compared to the first week in altitude-naïve individuals. These results indicate that repeated exposure to HA may significantly alter oxidative stress and iron homeostasis, and the degree of such changes may be dependent on if HA is visited naïvely or routinely. Further studies are required to fully elucidate differences in HA-induced changes in oxidative stress and iron homeostasis profiles amongst visitors of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal L Rytz
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matiram Pun
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jamie A Mawhinney
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Mathilde Mura
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Sara E Hartmann
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael Furian
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean M Rawling
- Department of Family Medicine at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ivan Lopez
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Daniel Soza
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Fernando A Moraga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Hipoxia y Función Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Bader
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad E Bloch
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew C Frise
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Berkshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Sabouhanian A, Bagherichimeh S. Effect of vitamin C infusion on altitude-related vasodilatory dysfunction. J Physiol 2022; 600:1587-1589. [PMID: 35218563 DOI: 10.1113/jp282705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sabouhanian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sareh Bagherichimeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western, London, ON, N6A 5C1
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17
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Mrakic-Sposta S, Biagini D, Bondi D, Pietrangelo T, Vezzoli A, Lomonaco T, Di Francesco F, Verratti V. OxInflammation at High Altitudes: A Proof of Concept from the Himalayas. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020368. [PMID: 35204250 PMCID: PMC8869289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude locations are fascinating for investigating biological and physiological responses in humans. In this work, we studied the high-altitude response in the plasma and urine of six healthy adult trekkers, who participated in a trek in Nepal that covered 300 km in 19 days along a route in the Kanchenjunga Mountain and up to a maximum altitude of 5140 m. Post-trek results showed an unbalance in redox status, with an upregulation of ROS (+19%), NOx (+28%), neopterin (+50%), and pro-inflammatory prostanoids, such as PGE2 (+120%) and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 (+233%). The isoprostane 15-F2t-IsoP was associated with low levels of TAC (−18%), amino-thiols, omega-3 PUFAs, and anti-inflammatory CYP450 EPA-derived mediators, such as DiHETEs. The deterioration of antioxidant systems paves the way to the overload of redox and inflammative markers, as triggered by the combined physical and hypoxic stressors. Our data underline the link between oxidative stress and inflammation, which is related to the concept of OxInflammation into the altitude hypoxia fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.M.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.M.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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18
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Li AY, Durbin JR, Hannah TC, Ali M, Spiera Z, Marayati NF, Dreher N, Schupper AJ, Kuohn L, Gometz A, Lovell MR, Choudhri TF. High altitude modulates concussion incidence, severity, and recovery in young athletes. Brain Inj 2022; 36:733-739. [PMID: 35113735 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2035435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High altitude may affect concussion, but prior studies are limited . We tested whether high altitude affects sport-related concussion (SRC) incidence, severity, and recovery. METHODS Twenty-five thousand eight hundred fifteen baseline and post-injury Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing results were compiled from Florida and Colorado, low (27 m or 62 m) and high (1,640 m or 1,991 m) altitude locations, respectively. Incidence, severity, and recovery of injury were compared between altitudes. RESULTS High altitude was associated with increased suspected concussion incidence (adjusted OR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.86 to 2.24];P < .0001). However, high altitude was associated with lower concussion severity measured by Severity Index (SI) (adjusted OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.49];P < .0001). High altitude was associated with decreased recovery from post-concussive symptoms in the migraine (β, -2.72 [95% CI, -3.31 to -2.13]; P < .0001), cognitive (β, -1.88 [95% CI, -2.40 to -1.36]; P < .0001), and sleep symptom clusters (β, -0.30 [95% CI, -0.52 to -0.08]; P = .007). Athletes with initial SI≥8 showed prolonged neurocognitive dysfunction at high altitude (HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.81]; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS High altitude was associated with increased suspected concussions and prolonged recovery but less severe initial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Y Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - John R Durbin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Theodore C Hannah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Zachary Spiera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Naoum Fares Marayati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Nickolas Dreher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alexander J Schupper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Lindsey Kuohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alex Gometz
- Concussion Management of New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark R Lovell
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Tanvir F Choudhri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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19
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Wang S, Wei Y, Hu C, Liu F. Proteomic analysis reveals proteins and pathways associated with declined testosterone production in male obese mice after chronic high-altitude exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1046901. [PMID: 36531490 PMCID: PMC9748565 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1046901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is common in highland areas owing to lifestyle alterations. There are pieces of evidence to suggest that both obesity and hypoxia may promote oxidative stress, leading to hypogonadism in males. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypogonadism in obese males following hypoxia exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying the disease process remain unclear. The current study aims to explore the mechanism of testosterone production dysfunction in obese male mice exposed to a chronic high-altitude hypoxia environment. METHODS An obese male mouse model was generated by inducing obesity in mice via a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, and the obese mice were then exposed to a high-altitude hypoxia environment for 24 days. Sera and testicular tissues were collected to detect serum lipids, sex hormone level, and testicular oxidative stress indicators. Morphological examination was performed to assess pathological alterations in testicular tissues and suborganelles in leydig cells. Proteomic alterations in testicular tissues were investigated using quantitative proteomics in Obese/Control and Obese-Hypoxia/Obese groups. RESULTS The results showed that chronic high-altitude hypoxia exposure aggravated low testosterone production in obese male mice accompanied by increased testicular oxidative stress and histological damages. In total, 363 and 242 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the two comparison groups, Obese/Control and Obese-Hypoxia/Obese, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that several significant functional terms and pathways related to testosterone production were altered in the two comparison groups. These included cholesterol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, oxidative stress responses, as well as retinol metabolism. Finally, 10 representative DEPs were selected for parallel reaction monitoring verification. Among them, StAR, DHCR7, NSDHL, CYP51A1, FDPS, FDX1, CYP11A1, ALDH1A1, and GPX3 were confirmed to be downregulated in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Chronic hypoxia exposure could exacerbate low testosterone production in obese male mice by influencing the expression of key proteins involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, oxidative stress responses and retinol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiong Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Youwen Wei
- Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Caiyan Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu,
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20
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Stone RM, Ainslie PN, Tremblay JC, Akins JD, MacLeod DB, Tymko MM, DeSouza CA, Bain AR. GLOBAL REACH 2018: intra-arterial vitamin C improves endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function in humans at high altitude. J Physiol 2021; 600:1373-1383. [PMID: 34743333 DOI: 10.1113/jp282281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude-induced hypoxaemia is often associated with peripheral vascular dysfunction. However, the basic mechanism(s) underlying high-altitude vascular impairments remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to the impairments in endothelial function during early acclimatization to high altitude. Ten young healthy lowlanders were tested at sea level (344 m) and following 4-6 days at high altitude (4300 m). Vascular endothelial function was determined using the isolated perfused forearm technique with forearm blood flow (FBF) measured by strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography. FBF was quantified in response to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and a co-infusion of ACh with the antioxidant vitamin C (ACh+VitC). The total FBF response to ACh (area under the curve) was ∼30% lower at high altitude than at sea level (P = 0.048). There was no difference in the response to SNP at high altitude (P = 0.860). At sea level, the co-infusion of ACh+VitC had no influence on the FBF dose response (P = 0.268); however, at high altitude ACh+VitC resulted in an average increase in the FBF dose response by ∼20% (P = 0.019). At high altitude, the decreased FBF response to ACh, and the increase in FBF in response to ACh+VitC, were associated with the magnitude of arterial hypoxaemia (R2 = 0.60, P = 0.008 and R2 = 0.63, P = 0.006, respectively). Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that impairments in vascular endothelial function at high altitude are in part attributable to oxidative stress, a consequence of the magnitude of hypoxaemia. These data extend our basic understanding of vascular (mal)adaptation to high-altitude sojourns, with important implications for understanding the aetiology of high altitude-related vascular dysfunction. KEY POINTS: Vascular dysfunction has been demonstrated in lowlanders at high altitude (>4000 m). However, the extent of impairment and the delineation of contributing mechanisms have remained unclear. Using the gold-standard isolated perfused forearm model, we determined the extent of vasodilatory dysfunction and oxidative stress as a contributing mechanism in healthy lowlanders before and 4-6 days after rapid ascent to 4300 m. The total forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine at high altitude was decreased by ∼30%. Co-infusion of acetylcholine with the antioxidant vitamin C partially restored the total forearm blood flow by ∼20%. The magnitude of forearm blood flow reduction, as well as the impact of oxidative stress, was positively associated with the individual severity of hypoxaemia. These data extend our basic understanding of vascular (mal)adaptation to high-altitude sojourns, with important implications for understanding the aetiology of high altitude-related changes in endothelial-mediated vasodilatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Stone
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Kelowna, Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joshua C Tremblay
- Kelowna, Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David B MacLeod
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony R Bain
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Le Goff C, Kaux JF, Dulgheru R, Seidel L, Pincemail J, Cavalier E, Melon P. The impact of an ultra-trail on the dynamic of cardiac, inflammatory, renal and oxidative stress biological markers correlated with electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:739-747. [PMID: 32539581 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2020.1778871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the effects of a 64.2 km ultra-trail on the biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress, and compare the results observed with an ECG and an echocardiogram, both performed before and after the race.Thirty-three ultra-trail volunteers (45.8 ± 8.7 years old) were enrolled in our study. Three blood tests were drawn from each runner, one just before (TPRE), one just after (TPOST) and the last 3 h after the end of the race (TPOST3h).All the markers increased. The maximum concentrations observed were at TPOST3h and were significant (p < 0.001) for creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoform MB, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid and for the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidised glutathione. However, in the case of myoglobin, high-sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, oxidised glutathione, myeloperoxidase, cystatin C and creatinine, the most significant increases were at TPOST (p < 0.001). Modifications were observed in the medical imaging using echocardiography such as reduction of left ventricule end-sytolic and diastolic volumes and left ventricular global longitudinal strain. ECG showed electrical criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy and incomplete right bundle branch block after the race.Endurance races cause significant physiological stress to the body that can be measured by the increase of different biomarkers. From a laboratory perspective, it is important to take into account the possible exercise performed previous to the testing to avoid a misinterpretation of the results. From a training perspective, due to these increases in biomarkers, it is recommended that runners wait at least 72 h after an ultra-trail before subsequent training. In addition a transient impairment of ventricular function due to dehydration were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Le Goff
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J-F. Kaux
- Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, SportS2, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - R. Dulgheru
- Department of Cardiology, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - L. Seidel
- Biostatistic Department, University Hosptial of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - E. Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P. Melon
- Department of Cardiology, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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22
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Sharma HS, Lafuente JV, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Menon PK, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Methamphetamine exacerbates pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury at high altitude. Neuroprotective effects of nanodelivery of a potent antioxidant compound H-290/51. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 266:123-193. [PMID: 34689858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are often exposed to high altitude (HA, ca. 4500-5000m) for combat operations associated with neurological dysfunctions. HA is a severe stressful situation and people frequently use methamphetamine (METH) or other psychostimulants to cope stress. Since military personnel are prone to different kinds of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in this review we discuss possible effects of METH on concussive head injury (CHI) at HA based on our own observations. METH exposure at HA exacerbates pathophysiology of CHI as compared to normobaric laboratory environment comparable to sea level. Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation and reductions in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) following CHI were exacerbated by METH intoxication at HA. Damage to cerebral microvasculature and expression of beta catenin was also exacerbated following CHI in METH treated group at HA. TiO2-nanowired delivery of H-290/51 (150mg/kg, i.p.), a potent chain-breaking antioxidant significantly enhanced CBF and reduced BBB breakdown, edema formation, beta catenin expression and brain pathology in METH exposed rats after CHI at HA. These observations are the first to point out that METH exposure in CHI exacerbated brain pathology at HA and this appears to be related with greater production of oxidative stress induced brain pathology, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Miglani M, Pasha Q, Gupta A, Priyadarshini A, Pati Pandey R, Vibhuti A. Seeding drug discovery: Telomeric tankyrase as a pharmacological target for the pathophysiology of high-altitude hypoxia. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2774-2781. [PMID: 34302973 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to extreme environments leads to the expression of multiple proteins that participate in pathophysiological manifestations. Hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude (HA) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage telomeres. Tankyrase (TNKS) belongs to multiple telomeric protein complexes and is actively involved in DNA damage repair. Although published research on TNKS indicates its possible role in cancer and other hypoxic diseases, its role in HA sicknesses remains elusive. Understanding the roles of telomeres, telomerase, and TNKS could ameliorate physiological issues experienced at HA. In addition, telomeric TNKS could be a potential biomarker in hypoxia-induced sicknesses or acclimatization. Thus, a new research avenue on TNKS linked to HA sickness might lead to the discovery of drugs for hypobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Miglani
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India; Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Archana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India.
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24
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Nguyen TH, Conotte S, Belayew A, Declèves AE, Legrand A, Tassin A. Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in Muscular Dystrophies: Cause and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7220. [PMID: 34281273 PMCID: PMC8269128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of inherited degenerative muscle disorders characterized by a progressive skeletal muscle wasting. Respiratory impairments and subsequent hypoxemia are encountered in a significant subgroup of patients in almost all MD forms. In response to hypoxic stress, compensatory mechanisms are activated especially through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 α (HIF-1α). In healthy muscle, hypoxia and HIF-1α activation are known to affect oxidative stress balance and metabolism. Recent evidence has also highlighted HIF-1α as a regulator of myogenesis and satellite cell function. However, the impact of HIF-1α pathway modifications in MDs remains to be investigated. Multifactorial pathological mechanisms could lead to HIF-1α activation in patient skeletal muscles. In addition to the genetic defect per se, respiratory failure or blood vessel alterations could modify hypoxia response pathways. Here, we will discuss the current knowledge about the hypoxia response pathway alterations in MDs and address whether such changes could influence MD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Hang Nguyen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Stephanie Conotte
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.-H.N.); (S.C.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
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25
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Yan F, Dou X, Zhu G, Xia M, Liu Y, Liu X, Wu G, Wang H, Zhang B, Shao Q, Wang Y. Cistanoside of Cistanche Herba ameliorates hypoxia-induced male reproductive damage via suppression of oxidative stress. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4342-4359. [PMID: 34150018 PMCID: PMC8205727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that hypoxia is a cause of male infertility, and hypoxia may be related to oxidative stress (OS). Cistanoside (Cis) is a phenylethanoid glycoside compound that can be extracted from Cistanches Herba and possesses various biological functions. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Cis on reproductive damage induced by hypoxia and explore the specific underlying mechanisms. Cell and animal hypoxia experimental models were constructed, and the protective effects of different subtypes of Cis on the male reproductive system were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that hypoxia significantly reduced the viability of GC-1 cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis activation, which were associated with increased OS. Moreover, Cis showed strong antioxidative effects both in vitro and in vivo, significantly restoring antioxidant enzyme activities and downregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels while increasing cell viability and decreasing apoptosis. Importantly, the Cis subtypes (Cis-A, Cis-B, Cis-C and Cis-H) studied herein all showed certain antioxidant effects, among which the effects of Cis-B were the most significant. This study demonstrates that Cis markedly attenuates the harmful effects of hypoxia-induced OS by affecting antioxidant enzyme activities in testes and GC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Yan
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Dou
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyuan Xia
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozi Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Xi’an People’s HospitalXi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuju Shao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Kim SW, Jung WS, Chung S, Park HY. Exercise intervention under hypoxic condition as a new therapeutic paradigm for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:331-343. [PMID: 33889283 PMCID: PMC8040082 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the health benefits of exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise training positively changes the physiological response in healthy subjects. Exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise could markedly increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake compared to that in normoxic conditions. Furthermore, post-exercise insulin sensitivity of T2DM patients increases more when exercising under hypoxic than under normoxic conditions. Regular exercise under short-term hypoxic conditions can improve blood glucose control at lower workloads than in normoxic conditions. Additionally, exercise training under short-term hypoxic conditions can maximize weight loss in overweight and obese patients. Previous studies on healthy subjects have reported that regular exercise under hypoxic conditions had a more positive effect on vascular health than exercising under normoxic conditions. However, currently, evidence indicating that exposure to hypoxic conditions could positively affect T2DM patients in the long-term is lacking. Therefore, further evaluations of the beneficial effects of exercise under hypoxic conditions on the human body, considering different cycle lengths, duration of exposures, sessions per day, and the number of days, are necessary. In this review, we conclude that there is evidence that exercise under hypoxic conditions can yield health benefits, which is potentially valuable in terms of clinical care as a new intervention for T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
- Department of Sports Science and Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
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27
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Radziejowska M, Moiseyenko Y, Radziejowski P, Zych M. Oxygen Supply System Management in an Overweight Adult after 12 Months in Antarctica-Study Case. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084077. [PMID: 33924328 PMCID: PMC8070201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to try to determine the functional state of the respiratory system, i.e., selected parameters and indicators of physiological systems responsible for the supply of oxygen at all stages of its delivery in people as their body weight increases from normal weight to overweight. The studies include an analysis of test results of functional respiratory system state (FSD) indicators of a 30-year-old and 170-cm tall man. Measurements of FSD were conducted two times: the first time before an expedition to Antarctica at 70 kg (normal body weight); the next measurements were taken a year later, after coming back from the expedition, at 82 kg (overweight). When analyzing the functional respiratory system state in terms of the effect of overweight it was found that the maintenance of the oxygen homeostasis in those conditions occurred at the level of a compensated hypoxic state. That is why the decision to engage in physical activity can be made only if we are sure that significant destructive additive effects of both types of hypoxic influences (from excessive body weight and from the physical activity) are not overlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Radziejowska
- Department of Innovations and Safety Management Systems, Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-721-524-487
| | - Yevgen Moiseyenko
- Department of Hypoxic States Investigation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Paweł Radziejowski
- Department of Innovations and Safety Management Systems, Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Michał Zych
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
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28
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Raberin A, Nader E, Lopez Ayerbe J, Alfonsi G, Mucci P, Rytz CL, Pialoux V, Durand F. Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance during a Prolonged Exposure to Moderate Altitude in Athletes Exhibiting Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia at Sea-Level. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030228. [PMID: 33799611 PMCID: PMC8001482 DOI: 10.3390/life11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined to what extent athletes exhibiting exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) possess an altered redox status at rest, in response to exercise at sea level (SL) and during moderate altitude exposure. EIH was defined as a fall in arterial O2 saturation of at least 4% during exercise. Nine endurance athletes with EIH and ten without (NEIH) performed a maximal incremental test under three conditions: SL, one (H1) and five (H2) days after arrival to 2400 m. Gas exchange and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously monitored. Blood was sampled before exercise and after exercise cessation. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), catalase, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured in plasma by spectrophotometry. EIH athletes had higher AOPP and NOx concentrations at pre- and post-exercise stages compared to NEIH at SL, H2 but not at H1. Only the EIH group experienced increased SOD activity between pre- and post-exercise exercise at SL and H2 but not at H1. EIH athletes had exacerbated oxidative stress compared to the NEIH athletes at SL and H2. These differences were blunted at H1. Oxidative stress did not alter the EIH groups’ aerobic performance and could lead to higher minute ventilation at H2. These results suggest that higher oxidative stress response EIH athletes could be involved in improved aerobic muscle functionality and a greater ventilatory acclimatization during prolonged hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Raberin
- Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude (LEPSA), EA 4604, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66120 Font Romeu, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-8217-3800
| | - Elie Nader
- Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Univ Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA 7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (E.N.); (G.A.)
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 75000 Paris, France
| | | | - Gauthier Alfonsi
- Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Univ Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA 7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (E.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Patrick Mucci
- ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Chantal L. Rytz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2P 2M5, Canada;
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Team « Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity », Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Durand
- Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude (LEPSA), EA 4604, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66120 Font Romeu, France;
- IMAGES ESPACE-DEV, UMR228, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000 Perpignan, France
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29
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Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1947928. [PMID: 33628774 PMCID: PMC7892233 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1947928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced benefits are being increasingly recognized in promoting health and preventing diseases. However, initial adaption to exercise response can have different effects on cells, including an increase in the formation of oxidants and inflammatory mediators that ultimately leads to oxidative stress, but this scenario depends on the exercise type and intensity and training status of the individual. Therefore, we aimed to understand the effect of different types of exercise on oxidative stress. Indeed, exercise-induced minimum oxidative stress is required for regulating signaling pathways. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using a broad range of synonyms such as oxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, exercise, physical training, aerobic exercise, and strength exercise until 2019. This study selected a total of 18 articles for assessing the oxidative damage using various parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and F1-isoprostanes and enzymatic antioxidants. We observed that any type of exercise can increase the oxidative damage in an exercise type and intensity manner. Further, the training status of the individual and specific oxidative damage marker plays a crucial role in predicting earlier oxidative damage in the exercise condition. However, some of the studies that we included for review did not perform follow-up evaluations. Therefore, follow-up programs using larger numbers need to be performed to confirm our findings.
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Williamson-Reisdorph CM, Quindry TS, Tiemessen KG, Cuddy J, Hailes W, Slivka D, Ruby BC, Quindry JC. Blood oxidative stress and post-exercise recovery are unaffected byhypobaric and hypoxic environments. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1356-1365. [PMID: 33423613 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1872960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypobaria and hypoxia exert independent effects on oxidative stress during exercise, while combined effectson the post-exercise recovery period remain unclear.Accordingly, this study examined the recovery period during lab-simulated hypoxic and hypobaric conditions following exercise-induced oxidative stress. Participants (n=13) performed 60-minutes of cycling (70% watts max) in a normobaric normoxic environment followed by a four-hour recovery under three conditions; 1000m normobaric normoxia (NN, 675mmHg), 4400m normobaric hypoxia (NH, 675mmHg), or 4400m hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 440mmHg). Blood samples collected at Pre, Post, 2-Hours (2-HR), and 4-Hours (4-HR) post-exercise were analyzed fora potential increase in biochemical modifications of proteins(protein carbonyls, PC; 3-nitrotyrosines, 3NT) lipids (lipid hydroperoxides, LOOH; 8-isoprostanes, 8-ISO), and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, TEAC). Gene transcripts (EPAS, HMOX1, SOD2, NFE2L2) were quantified by qRT-PCR from muscle biopsies taken Pre and Post exercise. Hypoxia and hypobaria had no effect throughout recovery. Post-exercise TEAC (p=0.041), FRAP (p=0.013), and 8-ISO (p=0.044) increased, while PC (p=0.002) and 3-NT (p=0.032) were decreased. LOOH was lower in Post (p=0.018) NH trial samples. Exercise-dependent increases occurred in NFE2L2 (p=0.003), HMXO1 (p<0.001), SOD2 (p=0.046), and EPAS (p=0.038). Exercise recovery under conditions of NH and HH did not impact blood oxidative stress or redox-sensitive gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany S Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kathryn G Tiemessen
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John Cuddy
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Walter Hailes
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brent C Ruby
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - John C Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Ybañez‐Julca RO, Asunción‐Alvarez D, Palacios J, Nwokocha CR. Maca extracts and estrogen replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats exposed at high altitude. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:88-95. [PMID: 33488288 PMCID: PMC7812464 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and herbal remedies are often used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, but their effects and efficacy at high altitudes presents with several uncertainties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre-treatment with maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) improved the tolerance to high altitude on an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model at sea level. METHOD The animals were treated with 17β-estradiol (200 µg/kg; E2), red and black maca (1.5 g/kg) for 28 days and exposed at high altitude or sea level. RESULT Our findings showed that red and black maca extracts significantly (P < .001) reduced the MDA level in OVX rat serum under hypoxia in a similar way to E2. Red and black maca extracts had similar effects with E2, by significantly (P < .001) reversing and increasing the ovariectomized induced decrease in cornified endometrial cell number. Under hypoxic conditions, the black maca (P < .05) and E2 (P < .01) increased the uterine weight in OVX rats. Finally, E2 alone significantly recovered the frequency of the uterine contractile response. CONCLUSION Aqueous extract of L. meyenii partially protects the reproductive function in hypobaric hypoxic environment, through the recovery of the cornified endometrial cells and uterine weight in a menopausal model of OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto O. Ybañez‐Julca
- Laboratorio de FarmacologíaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPerú
| | - Daniel Asunción‐Alvarez
- Laboratorio de FarmacologíaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPerú
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica AplicadaFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Arturo PratIquiqueChile
| | - Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesThe University of the West IndiesKingstonJamaica
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Xie H, Tuo X, Zhang F, Bowen L, Zhao W, Xu Y. Dietary cucurbitacin E reduces high-strength altitude training induced oxidative stress, inflammation and immunosuppression. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200012. [PMID: 33206789 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional athletes conduct high-intensitive hypoxic training often accompanied by the increase of many inflammatory-related cytokines and immunosuppression. Cucurbitacin E (CucE), as a triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, exert potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. However, it is unknown whether that the CucE could be used as dietary supplement for athletes to improve inflammatory response and immunosuppression. In this study, we established the simulative hypoxic training rat and monkey models and evaluated the effects of CucE on immune- and inflammation-related factors. Obvious improvement on pro-inflammatory factors and pro-lymphocyte proliferation activities were showed in CucE treated rats compared with the control. Further supplement of CucE in professional meals for cynomolgus monkeys with 4-weeks high-intensitive hypoxic training also exert effects on altitude-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and immunologic function. Furtherly, we explored the underlying mechanism of CucE in human Jurkat T cells and results showed that CucE may exhibit immunosuppressive effect by attenuating critical cytokine expression through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, CucE is expected to be a potential dietary supplement for athletes to ameliorate the inflammation and immunosuppression caused by high-intensitive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Xie
- Department of sports training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xinling Tuo
- Department of sports, Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Youth Basketball Training Base, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Laura Bowen
- Guangdong Provincial Youth Basketball Training Base, Guangdong 510000, China.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Physical Training Research Center, Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College, Guangdong 510000, China.,Sports Medicine Center, Soochow University, Jiangsu 2150000, P.R. China
| | - Yuyou Xu
- Physical Training Research Center, Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College, Guangdong 510000, China
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Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:169-184. [PMID: 31691928 PMCID: PMC6901429 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600-2400 m) is a common approach used by endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training stimulus in the anticipation of increasing subsequent altitude- and sea-level-based performance. Despite some scientific progress being made on the impact of various nutrition-related changes in physiology and associated interventions at mountaineering altitudes (> 3000 m), the impact of nutrition and/or supplements on further optimization of these hypoxic adaptations at low-moderate altitudes is only an emerging topic. Within this narrative review we have highlighted six major themes involving nutrition: altered energy availability, iron, carbohydrate, hydration, antioxidant requirements and various performance supplements. Of these issues, emerging data suggest that particular attention be given to the potential risk for poor energy availability and increased iron requirements at the altitudes typical of elite athlete training (~ 1600-2400 m) to interfere with optimal adaptations. Furthermore, the safest way to address the possible increase in oxidative stress associated with altitude exposure is via the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods rather than high-dose antioxidant supplements. Meanwhile, many other important questions regarding nutrition and altitude training remain to be answered. At the elite level of sport where the differences between winning and losing are incredibly small, the strategic use of nutritional interventions to enhance the adaptations to altitude training provides an important consideration in the search for optimal performance.
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Gilardoni E, Baron G, Altomare A, Carini M, Aldini G, Regazzoni L. The Disposal of Reactive Carbonyl Species through Carnosine Conjugation: What We Know Now. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1726-1743. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624094813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
:Reactive Carbonyl Species are electrophiles generated by the oxidative cleavage of lipids and sugars. Such compounds have been described as important molecules for cellular signaling, whilst their accumulation has been found to be cytotoxic as they may trigger aberrant modifications of proteins (a process often referred to as carbonylation).:A correlation between carbonylation of proteins and human disease progression has been shown in ageing, diabetes, obesity, chronic renal failure, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. However, the fate of reactive carbonyl species is still far from being understood, especially concerning the mechanisms responsible for their disposal as well as the importance of this in disease progression.:In this context, some data have been published on phase I and phase II deactivation of reactive carbonyl species. In the case of phase II mechanisms, the route involving glutathione conjugation and subsequent disposal of the adducts has been extensively studied both in vitro and in vivo for some of the more representative compounds, e.g. 4-hydroxynonenal.:There is also emerging evidence of an involvement of carnosine as an endogenous alternative to glutathione for phase II conjugation. However, the fate of carnosine conjugates is still poorly investigated and, unlike glutathione, there is little evidence of the formation of carnosine adducts in vivo. The acquisition of such data could be of importance for the development of new drugs, since carnosine and its derivatives have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the mitigation of carbonylation associated with disease progression.:Herein, we wish to review our current knowledge of the binding of reactive carbonyl species with carnosine together with the disposal of carnosine conjugates, emphasizing those aspects still requiring investigation such as conjugation reversibility and enzyme assisted catalysis of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Gilardoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Han S, Zhao L, Ma S, Chen Z, Wu S, Shen M, Xia G, Jia G. Alterations to cardiac morphology and function among high-altitude workers: a retrospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:447-453. [PMID: 32269133 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to high altitude can affect human health, including the development of adverse cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to investigate alterations in cardiac morphology and function in high-altitude workers and to identify risk factors associated with cardiac abnormalities. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 286 Qinghai-Tibetan Railroad maintenance workers. Participant data were collected from company personnel records. Data on echocardiography and diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities were extracted from participants' medical records. Time-to-event analysis was used to investigate the risk of cardiac abnormalities among participants with different baseline characteristics and identify risk factors associated with cardiac abnormalities that developed as a result of working at high altitude. RESULTS A total of 173 participants had developed cardiac abnormalities during the follow-up period. The most common cardiac abnormality was right atrial enlargement, followed by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation. Among participants with cardiac abnormalities, the median follow-up time was 17 months. Compared with participants who were younger than 20 years and working at altitude <4000 m, participants older at employment and working at extremely high altitude were more likely to develop cardiac abnormalities. Nearly 40% of the participants who worked at altitude <4000 m remained without cardiac abnormalities during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Over 60% of participants developed cardiac abnormalities after working at high altitude, predominantly right heart enlargement and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Age at employment and workplace altitude were significant risk factors for cardiac abnormalities. Enhanced regular physical examinations are recommended for high-altitude workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Han
- Labor & Health Department, China Railway, No.10 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Shiwei Ma
- Energy Saving & Environmental & Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Co., Ltd, No.2 Daliushu Road, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Wu
- Labor & Health Department, China Railway, No.10 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Labor & Health Department, China Railway Qinghai-Tibet Group Co., Ltd., No.22 Jianguo Road, Xining, China
| | - Guobin Xia
- China Railway 12th Bureau Group Railway Maintenance Engineering Co., Ltd., No.13-1 Linqionggang Road, Lhasa, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
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Martin A, Millet G, Osredkar D, Mramor M, Faes C, Gouraud E, Debevec T, Pialoux V. Effect of pre-term birth on oxidative stress responses to normoxic and hypoxic exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101497. [PMID: 32199333 PMCID: PMC7082609 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-term birth is a major health concern that occurs in approximately 10% of births worldwide. Despite high incidence rate, long-term consequences of pre-term birth remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that elevated oxidative stress observed in pre-term born infants could persist into adulthood. Given that oxidative stress is known to play an important role in response to physical activity and hypoxia, we investigated whether oxidative stress responses to acute exercise in normoxia and hypoxia may be differently modulated in pre-term vs. full-term born adults. Twenty-two pre-term born and fifteen age-matched full-term born controls performed maximal incremental cycling tests in both normoxia (FiO2: 0.21) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 0.13; simulated altitude of 3800 m) in blinded and randomized manner. Plasma levels of oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products [AOPP] and malondialdehyde), antioxidant (ferric reducing antioxidant power, glutathione peroxidase, catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and nitrosative stress markers (nitrotyrosine, nitrite and total nitrite and nitrate [NOx]) were measured before and immediately after each test. AOPP (+24%, P<0.001), CAT (+38%, P<0.001) and SOD (+12%, P=0.018) and NOx (+17%, P=0.024) significantly increased in response to exercise independently of condition and birth status. No difference in response to acute exercise in normoxia was noted between pre-term and full-term born adults in any of measured markers. Hypoxic exposure during exercise resulted in significant increase in AOPP (+45%, P=0.008), CAT (+55%, P=0.019) and a trend for an increase in nitrite/nitrate content (+35%, P=0.107) only in full-term and not pre-term born individuals. These results suggest that prematurely born adult individuals exhibit higher resistance to oxidative stress response to exercise in hypoxia. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity are increased in full-term and pre-term adults following normoxic exercise. Plasma AOPP, catalase and NOx levels are not increased in pre-term adults following an acute exercise in hypoxia. Oxidative stress is differently regulated in pre-term adults during acute physical exercise under hypoxic condition. Pre-term birth may have long term consequences concerning oxidative stress regulation especially during these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monet Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine, Campus Santé Innovation, 10 rue de la Marandière10 rue de la Marandière, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Master BioSciences, Department of Biology, École Normale Supérieure of Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 LYON CEDEX 07, Lyon, France.
| | - Grégoire Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Minca Mramor
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Camille Faes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
| | - Etienne Gouraud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Pediatric Emergency, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current laboratory study quantified blood oxidative stress to woodsmoke exposure. METHODS Participants inhaled woodsmoke during three randomized crossover exercise trials (Clean Air [0 μg/m], Low Exposure [250 μg/m], and High Exposure [500 μg/m], Woodsmoke [particulate matter less than 2.5 μm, PM2.5]). Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), uric acid (UA), 8-isoprostanes (8-ISO), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), protein carbonyls (PC), nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 8-isoprostane, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were quantified in Pre, immediately Post, and 1- (1Hr) hour post blood samples. RESULTS UA decreased following Low Exposure, while plasma TEAC levels increased Post and 1Hr. LOOH levels decreased 1Hr Post (High Exposure), while 8-Iso increased following both smoke trials. PC and MPO were unchanged following all trials, while 3-NT increased over Clean Air. CONCLUSION Blood oxidative stress occurred largely independent of PM2.5 concentrations. Future studies should employ longer duration smoke and exercise combined with physiologic parameters.
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Kasai N, Kojima C, Sumi D, Ikutomo A, Goto K. Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, and Angiogenic Growth Factor Responses to Repeated-Sprint Exercise in Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:844. [PMID: 31447683 PMCID: PMC6696976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effects of repeated-sprint exercise in moderate hypoxia on inflammatory, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and angiogenic growth factor responses among athletes. Ten male college track and field sprinters [mean ± standard error (SE): age, 20.9 ± 0.1 years; height, 175.7 ± 1.9 cm; body weight, 67.3 ± 2.0 kg] performed two exercise trials in either hypoxia [HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), 14.5%] or normoxia (NOR; FiO2, 20.9%). The exercise consisted of three sets of 5 s × 6 s maximal sprints with 30 s rest periods between sprints and 10 min rest periods between sets. After completing the exercise, subjects remained in the chamber for 3 h under the prescribed oxygen concentration (hypoxia or normoxia). The average power output during exercise did not differ significantly between trials (p = 0.17). Blood lactate concentrations after exercise were significantly higher in the HYPO trial than in the NOR trial (p < 0.05). Plasma interleukin-6 concentrations increased significantly after exercise (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two trials (p = 0.07). Post-exercise plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, serum myoglobin, serum lipid peroxidation, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentrations did not differ significantly between the two trials (p > 0.05). In conclusion, exercise-induced inflammatory, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and VEGF responses following repeated-sprint exercise were not different between hypoxia and normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Kasai
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kojima
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sumi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Ikutomo
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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Three weeks of intermittent hypoxic training affect antioxidant enzyme activity and increases lipid peroxidation in cyclists. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koivisto AE, Olsen T, Paur I, Paulsen G, Bastani NE, Garthe I, Raastad T, Matthews J, Blomhoff R, Bøhn SK. Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on altitude-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in elite endurance athletes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217895. [PMID: 31194785 PMCID: PMC6563980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various altitude training regimes, systematically used to improve oxygen carrying capacity and sports performance, have been associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. We investigated whether increased intake of common antioxidant-rich foods attenuates these processes. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years), ingested antioxidant-rich foods (n = 16), (> doubling their usual intake), or eucaloric control foods (n = 15) during a 3-week altitude training camp (2320 m). Fasting blood and urine samples were collected 7 days pre-altitude, after 5 and 18 days at altitude, and 7 days post-altitude. Change over time was compared between the groups using mixed models for antioxidant capacity [uric acid-free (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)], oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α) and inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL1α, IL1RA, IL1β, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL17, TNFα, MCP-1 and micro-CRP). The cytokine response to a stress-test (VO2max ramp test or 100 m swimming) was assessed at pre- and post-altitude. Results FRAP increased more in the antioxidant compared to the control group (p = 0.034). IL13 decreased in the antioxidant group, while increasing in the controls (p = 0.006). A similar trend was seen for IL6 (p = 0.062). A larger decrease in micro-CRP was detected in the antioxidant group compared to controls (β: -0.62, p = 0.02). We found no group differences for the remaining cytokines. 8-epi-PGF2α increased significantly in the whole population (p = 0.033), regardless group allocation. The stress response was significantly larger post-altitude compared with pre-altitude for IL1β, IL6, IL7, IL13, IL12p70 and TNFα, but we found no group differences. Conclusions Increased intake of antioxidant-rich foods elevated the antioxidant capacity and attenuated some of the altitude-induced systemic inflammatory biomarkers in elite athletes. The antioxidant intervention had no impact on the altitude-induced oxidative stress or changes in acute cytokine responses to exercise stress-tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Elisa Koivisto
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ina Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Nutraceutical profile and evidence of alleviation of oxidative stress by Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve inhabiting the high altitude Trans-Himalayan Region. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4091. [PMID: 30858387 PMCID: PMC6411730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The high altitude trans-Himalayan region indeed is hostile domain for survival. Algae inhabiting this hostile terrain have evolutionarily developed mechanisms to produce unique adaptogenic molecules against climatic stressors. The present study has focused on the high altitude alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve- a filamentous Charophyte, and reports the estimation of amino acids (AAs), fatty acids (FAs), vitamins and their efficacy against oxidative stress. Reverse phase-HPLC, GC-FID and rapid resolution-LC/tandem mass spectrometry were used for analysis of AAs, FAs and vitamins. Analysis of the alga revealed the presence of 19 AAs (239.51 ± 8.57 to 13102.40 ± 11.08 µg/g), dominated by alanine, proline and lysine. Enriched phenylalanine, cysteine-HCl and high lysine:arginine ratio could also have beneficial impact against hypoxia -induced cognitive impairment. A total of 9 FAs were detected (0.43 ± 0.00% to 34.76 ± 0.52%). Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated FAs were found to be dominant. The alga showed the presence of 8 vitamins within the range of 39.654 ± 3.198 to 5468.184 ± 106.859 µg/Kg, wherein Vitamin B5, B3 and B2 were dominant. 600 µg/ml of methanolic extract showed recovery of GSH and trolox equivalent antioxidants in rat blood/hemolysate, while 400 µg/ml of extract showed revival in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The present study concludes that the alga S. porticalis has immense potential to counter oxidative stress as a nutraceutical supplement.
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Carriker CR, Rombach P, Stevens BM, Vaughan RA, Gibson AL. Acute dietary nitrate supplementation does not attenuate oxidative stress or the hemodynamic response during submaximal exercise in hypobaric hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1268-1274. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in oxidative stress, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) during exercise in hypobaric hypoxia following acute dietary nitrate supplementation. Nine well-trained (maximal oxygen consumption, 60.8 ± 7.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) males (age, 29 ± 7 years) visited the laboratory on 3 occasions, each separated by 1 week. Visit 1 included a maximal aerobic cycling test and five 5-min increasing-intensity exercise bouts in a normobaric environment (1600 m). A single dose of either a nitrate-depleted placebo (PL) or a nitrate-rich beverage (NR; 12.8 mmol nitrate) was consumed 2.5 h prior to exercise during visits 2 and 3 (3500 m) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study consisting of a 5-min cycling warm-up and 4 bouts, each 5 min in duration, separated by 4-min periods of passive rest. Exercise wattages were determined during visit 1 and corresponded to 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% of normobaric maximal oxygen consumption. Catalase and 8-isoprostane were measured before and after exercise (immediately before and 1 h postexercise, respectively). NR increased plasma nitrite (1.53 ± 0.83 μmol·L−1) compared with PL (0.88 ± 0.56 μmol·L−1) (p < 0.05). In both conditions, postexercise (3500 m) 8-isoprostane (PL, 23.49 ± 3.38 to 60.90 ± 14.95 pg·mL−1; NR, 23.23 ± 4.12 to 52.11 ± 19.76 pg·mL−1) and catalase (PL, 63.89 ± 25.69 to 128.15 ± 41.80 mmol·min−1·mL−1; NR, 78.89 ± 30.95 to 109.96 ± 35.05 mmol·min−1·mL−1) were elevated compared with baseline resting values (p < 0.05). However, both 8-isoprostane and catalase were similar in the 2 groups (PL and NR) (p = 0.217 and p = 0.080, respectively). We concluded that an acute, pre-exercise dose of dietary nitrate yielded no beneficial changes in oxidative stress, SaO2, BP, or HR in healthy, aerobically fit men exercising at 3500 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R. Carriker
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Paige Rombach
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
| | - Brooke M. Stevens
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
| | - Ann L. Gibson
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Burtscher M, Niedermeier M, Burtscher J, Pesta D, Suchy J, Strasser B. Preparation for Endurance Competitions at Altitude: Physiological, Psychological, Dietary and Coaching Aspects. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 30425646 PMCID: PMC6218926 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It was the Summer Olympic Games 1968 held in Mexico City (2,300 m) that required scientists and coaches to cope with the expected decline of performance in endurance athletes and to establish optimal preparation programs for competing at altitude. From that period until now many different recommendations for altitude acclimatization in advance of an altitude competition were proposed, ranging from several hours to several weeks. Those recommendations are mostly based on the separate consideration of the physiology of acclimatization, psychological issues, performance changes, logistical or individual aspects, but there is no review considering all these aspects in their entirety. Therefore, the present work primarily focusses on the period of altitude sojourn prior to the competition at altitude based on physiological and psychological aspects complemented by nutritional and sports practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Society for Alpine and Mountain Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiri Suchy
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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44
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Tremblay JC, Hoiland RL, Carter HH, Howe CA, Stembridge M, Willie CK, Gasho C, MacLeod DB, Pyke KE, Ainslie PN. UBC-Nepal expedition: upper and lower limb conduit artery shear stress and flow-mediated dilation on ascent to 5,050 m in lowlanders and Sherpa. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1532-H1543. [PMID: 30168724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00345.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study of conduit artery endothelial adaptation to hypoxia has been restricted to the brachial artery, and comparisons with highlanders have been confounded by differences in altitude exposure, exercise, and unknown levels of blood viscosity. To address these gaps, we tested the hypothesis that lowlanders, but not Sherpa, would demonstrate decreased mean shear stress and increased retrograde shear stress and subsequently reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the upper and lower limb conduit arteries on ascent to 5,050 m. Healthy lowlanders (means ± SD, n = 22, 28 ± 6 yr) and Sherpa ( n = 12, 34 ± 11 yr) ascended over 10 days, with measurements taken on nontrekking days at 1,400 m (baseline), 3,440 m ( day 4), 4,371 m ( day 7), and 5,050 m ( day 10). Arterial blood gases, blood viscosity, shear stress, and FMD [duplex ultrasound of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries (BA and SFA, respectively)] were acquired at each time point. Ascent decreased mean and increased retrograde shear stress in the upper and lower limb of lowlanders and Sherpa. Although BA FMD decreased in lowlanders from 7.1 ± 3.9% to 3.8 ± 2.8% at 5,050 versus 1,400 m ( P < 0.001), SFA FMD was preserved. In Sherpa, neither BA nor SFA FMD were changed upon ascent to 5,050 m. In lowlanders, the ascent-related exercise may favorably influence endothelial function in the active limb (SFA); selective impairment in FMD in the BA in lowlanders is likely mediated via the low mean or high oscillatory baseline shear stress. In contrast, Sherpa presented protected endothelial function, suggesting a potential vascular aspect of high-altitude acclimatization/adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Upper and lower limb arterial shear stress and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed on matched ascent from 1,400 to 5,050 m in lowlanders and Sherpa. A shear stress pattern associated with vascular dysfunction/risk manifested in both limbs of lowlanders and Sherpa. FMD was impaired only in the upper limb of lowlanders. The findings indicate a limb-specific impact of high-altitude trekking on FMD and a vascular basis to acclimatization wherein endothelial function is protected in Sherpa on ascent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Tremblay
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Howard H Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff Centre for Exercise and Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher K Willie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Gasho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric and Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - David B MacLeod
- Human Pharmacology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyra E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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45
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Gorjanc J, Morrison SA, McDonnell AC, Mekjavic IB. Koroška 8000 Himalayan expedition: digit responses to cold stress following ascent to Broadpeak (Pakistan, 8051 m). Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1589-1597. [PMID: 29797057 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) is a peripheral blood flow response, observed in both the hands and feet. Exercise has been shown to enhance the response, specifically by increasing mean skin temperatures (Tsk), in part due to the increased number of CIVD waves. In contrast, hypobaric hypoxia has been suggested to impair digit skin temperature responses, particularly during subsequent hand rewarming following the cold stimulus. This study examined the combined effect of exercise and hypobaric hypoxia on the CIVD response. We compared the CIVD responses in the digits of both the hands and feet of a team of alpinists (N = 5) before and after a 35-day Himalayan expedition to Broadpeak, Pakistan (8051 m). METHODS Five elite alpinists participated in hand and foot cold water immersion tests 20 days before and immediately upon return from their expedition. RESULTS The alpinists summited successfully without supplemental oxygen. Post-expedition, all alpinists demonstrated higher minimum Tsk in their hands (pre: 9.9 ± 1.1, post: 10.1 ± 0.7 °C, p = 0.031). Four alpinists had either greater CIVD waves, and, consequently, higher mean Tsk in their hands, or higher recovery temperatures (pre: 26.0 ± 5.5 °C post: 31.0 ± 4.1 °C, p = 0.052), or faster rewarming rate (pre: 2.6 ± 0.5 °C min-1 post: 3.1 ± 0.4 °C min-1,p = 0.052). In the feet, the responses varied: 1/5 had higher wave amplitudes and 1/5 had higher passive recovery temperatures, whereas 3/5 had lower mean toe temperatures during cold exposure. CONCLUSIONS The results of the cold stress test suggest after a 35-day Himalayan expedition, alpinists experienced a slight cold adaptation of the hands, but not the feet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Gorjanc
- St. John of God Hospital, Spitalgasse 26, 9300, St. Veit/Glan, Austria.
| | - Shawnda A Morrison
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Adam C McDonnell
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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46
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Tremblay JC, Howe CA, Ainslie PN, Pyke KE. UBC-Nepal Expedition: imposed oscillatory shear stress does not further attenuate flow-mediated dilation during acute and sustained hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29522371 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00717.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimentally induced oscillatory shear stress (OSS) and hypoxia reduce endothelial function in humans. Acute and sustained hypoxia may cause increases in resting OSS; however, whether this influences endothelial susceptibility to further increases in OSS is unknown. Healthy lowlanders ( n = 15, 30 ± 6 yr; means ± SD) participated in three OSS interventions: two interventions at sea level [normoxia and after 20 min of normobaric hypoxia (acute hypoxia, 11% O2)] and one intervention 5-7 days after a 9-day ascent to 5,050 m (sustained hypoxia). OSS was provoked in the brachial artery using a 30-min distal cuff inflation (75 mmHg). Endothelial function was assessed before and after each intervention by reactive hyperemia flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Shear stress magnitude and patterns were obtained via Duplex ultrasound. Baseline retrograde shear stress and OSS were greater in acute hypoxia versus normoxia ( P < 0.001), and OSS was elevated in sustained hypoxia versus normoxia ( P = 0.011). The intervention further augmented OSS during each condition. Preintervention FMD was decreased by 29 ± 48% in acute hypoxia and by 25 ± 31% in sustained hypoxia compared with normoxia ( P = 0.001 and 0.026); these changes correlated with changes in baseline mean and antegrade shear stress. After the intervention, FMD decreased during normoxia (-41 ± 26%, P < 0.001) and was unaltered during acute or sustained hypoxia. Therefore, a 30-min exposure to OSS reduced FMD during normoxia, a condition with an unchallenged, healthy endothelium; however, imposed OSS did not appear to worsen endothelial function during acute or sustained hypoxia. Exposure to an altered magnitude and pattern of shear stress at baseline in hypoxia may contribute to the insensitivity to further acute augmentation of OSS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated whether the endothelium remains sensitive to experimental increases in oscillatory shear stress in acute (11% O2) and sustained (2 wk at 5,050 m) hypoxia. Hypoxia altered baseline shear stress and decreased endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation); however, exposure to experimentally induced oscillatory shear stress only impaired flow-mediated dilation in normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Tremblay
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Kyra E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Michael C Hogan
- Department of Medicine-0623, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0623, USA
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48
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Kim JN, Lee BM. Risk management of free radicals involved in air travel syndromes by antioxidants. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:47-60. [PMID: 29341860 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1427914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Frequent air travelers and airplane pilots may develop various types of illnesses. The environmental risk factors associated with air travel syndromes (ATS) or air travel-related adverse health outcomes raised concerns and need to be assessed in the context of risk management and public health. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to determine ATS, risk factors, and mechanisms underlying ATS using scientific data and information obtained from Medline, Toxline, and regulatory agencies. Additional information was also extracted from websites of organizations, such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT), and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Air travelers are known to be exposed to environmental risk factors, including circadian rhythm disruption, poor cabin air quality, mental stress, high altitude conditions, hormonal dysregulation, physical inactivity, fatigue, biological infections, and alcoholic beverage consumption. Consequences of ATS attributed to air travel include sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia), mental/physical stress, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, circulatory-related dysfunction, such as cardiac arrest and thrombosis and, at worst, mechanical and terrorism-related airplane crashes. Thus safety measures in the cabin before or after takeoff are undertaken to prevent illnesses or accidents related to flight. In addition, airport quarantine systems are strongly recommended to prepare for any ultimate adverse circumstances. Routine monitoring of environmental risk factors also needs to be considered. Frequently, the mechanisms underlying these adverse manifestations involve free radical generation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation may help to reduce or prevent adverse outcomes by mitigating health risk factors associated with free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum-Nam Kim
- a Department of Airline Service , Howon University , Gunsan-si , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- b Division of Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon , South Korea
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Abstract
Acute exercise has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function. In contrast, severe hypoxia can impair cognitive function. Hence, cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia may be determined by the balance between the beneficial effects of exercise and the detrimental effects of severe hypoxia. However, the physiological factors that determine cognitive function during exercise under hypoxia remain unclear. Here, we examined the combined effects of acute exercise and severe hypoxia on cognitive function and identified physiological factors that determine cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia. The participants completed cognitive tasks at rest and during moderate exercise under either normoxic or severe hypoxic conditions. Peripheral oxygen saturation, cerebral oxygenation, and middle cerebral artery velocity were continuously monitored. Cerebral oxygen delivery was calculated as the product of estimated arterial oxygen content and cerebral blood flow. On average, cognitive performance improved during exercise under both normoxia and hypoxia, without sacrificing accuracy. However, under hypoxia, cognitive improvements were attenuated for individuals exhibiting a greater decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation. Cognitive performance was not associated with other physiological parameters. Taken together, the present results suggest that arterial desaturation attenuates cognitive improvements during exercise under hypoxia.
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50
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Brinkmann C, Bloch W, Brixius K. Exercise during short-term exposure to hypoxia or hyperoxia - novel treatment strategies for type 2 diabetic patients?! Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017. [PMID: 28649714 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Both hypoxia (decreased oxygen availability) and hyperoxia (increased oxygen availability) have been shown to alter exercise adaptations in healthy subjects. This review aims to clarify the possible benefits of exercise during short-term exposure to hypoxia or hyperoxia for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is evidence that exercise during short-term exposure to hypoxia can acutely increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake more than exercise in normoxia, and that post-exercise insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients is more increased when exercise is performed under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, interventional studies show that glycemic control can be improved through regular physical exercise in short-term hypoxia at a lower workload than in normoxia, and that exercise training in short-term hypoxia can contribute to increased weight loss in overweight/obese (insulin-resistant) subjects. While numerous studies involving healthy subjects report that regular exercise in hypoxia can increase vascular health (skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function) to a higher extent than exercise training in normoxia, there is no convincing evidence yet that hypoxia has such additive effects in T2DM patients in the long term. Some studies indicate that the use of hyperoxia during exercise can decrease lactate concentrations and subjective ratings of perceived exertion. Thus, there are interesting starting points for future studies to further evaluate possible beneficial effects of exercise in short-term hypoxia or hyperoxia at different oxygen concentrations and exposure durations. In general, exposure to hypoxia/hyperoxia should be considered with caution. Possible health risks-especially for T2DM patients-are also analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brinkmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - W Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Brixius
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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