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Walluks K, Praetorius JP, Arnold D, Figge MT. Impact of functional electrical stimulation on nerve-damaged muscles by quantifying fat infiltration using deep learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12158. [PMID: 38802457 PMCID: PMC11130129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative imaging in life sciences has evolved into a powerful approach combining advanced microscopy acquisition and automated analysis of image data. The focus of the present study is on the imaging-based evaluation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) influenced by long-term functional electrical stimulation (FES), which may assist the inspiration of patients with bilateral vocal fold paresis. To this end, muscle cross-sections of the PCA of sheep were examined by quantitative image analysis. Previous investigations of the muscle fibers and the collagen amount have not revealed signs of atrophy and fibrosis due to FES by a laryngeal pacemaker. It was therefore hypothesized that regardless of the stimulation parameters the fat in the muscle cross-sections would not be significantly altered. We here extending our previous investigations using quantitative imaging of intramuscular fat in cross-sections. In order to perform this analysis both reliably and faster than a qualitative evaluation and time-consuming manual annotation, the selection of the automated method was of crucial importance. To this end, our recently established deep neural network IMFSegNet, which provides more accurate results compared to standard machine learning approaches, was applied to more than 300 H&E stained muscle cross-sections from 22 sheep. It was found that there were no significant differences in the amount of intramuscular fat between the PCA with and without long-term FES, nor were any significant differences found between the low and high duty cycle stimulated groups. This study on a human-like animal model not only confirms the hypothesis that FES with the selected parameters has no negative impact on the PCA, but also demonstrates that objective and automated deep learning-based quantitative imaging is a powerful tool for such a challenging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Walluks
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Praetorius
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Arnold
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Simone de Souza Vasconcelos K, de Carvalho Bastone A, Alvarenga Vieira R, Cristina de Souza Andrade A, Correa Dias R, Domingues Dias JM, Rodrigues Perracini M, Oliveira Guerra R, de Souza Moreira B. Examining the factors associated with functional capacity of community-dwelling older adults using the ICF framework: a cross-sectional study from the Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults Study (FIBRA). Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:2454-2469. [PMID: 35659442 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2079574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many factors associated with functioning and disability in older adults and these relationships are not clear. OBJECTIVE To explore the factors associated with functional capacity of older adults using the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a dataset from a survey of 1 377 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) in a middle-income country. Three functional outcomes were selected to represent the functioning domains: 1) muscle strength for body function; 2) walking speed for activity; and 3) advanced activities of daily living (ADL) for participation. Demographic, clinical, and social information was selected to represent the domains of health conditions and contextual factors (i.e. personal and environmental factors). Multivariate models tested the impact of these factors on each outcome. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, age, and physical activity were associated with the three outcomes. Muscle strength was also associated with urinary incontinence, visual deficits, female sex, and employment. Walking speed was also associated with urinary incontinence, obesity, fractures due to falls, female sex, health professionals' visits, and walking aid devices. Advanced ADL were also associated with stroke, visual deficits, education, employment, health perception, social support, and walking aid devices. CONCLUSION Functional capacity of older adults is associated with some non-modifiable factors, such as age and sex. The modifiable factors must be addressed by health professionals and policymakers in the geriatric area, especially depression, obesity, physical inactivity, and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Simone de Souza Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, School of Physical Education, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra de Carvalho Bastone
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Renata Alvarenga Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Correa Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, School of Physical Education, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Domingues Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, School of Physical Education, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mônica Rodrigues Perracini
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Souza Moreira
- Center for Studies in Public Health and Aging, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Pallaoro M, Modina SC, Fiorati A, Altomare L, Mirra G, Scocco P, Di Giancamillo A. Towards a More Realistic In Vitro Meat: The Cross Talk between Adipose and Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076630. [PMID: 37047600 PMCID: PMC10095036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to statistics and future predictions, meat consumption will increase in the coming years. Considering both the environmental impact of intensive livestock farming and the importance of protecting animal welfare, the necessity of finding alternative strategies to satisfy the growing meat demand is compelling. Biotechnologies are responding to this demand by developing new strategies for producing meat in vitro. The manufacturing of cultured meat has faced criticism concerning, above all, the practical issues of culturing together different cell types typical of meat that are partly responsible for meat’s organoleptic characteristics. Indeed, the existence of a cross talk between adipose and muscle cells has critical effects on the outcome of the co-culture, leading to a general inhibition of myogenesis in favor of adipogenic differentiation. This review aims to clarify the main mechanisms and the key molecules involved in this cross talk and provide an overview of the most recent and successful meat culture 3D strategies for overcoming this challenge, focusing on the approaches based on farm-animal-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pallaoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Polytechnic University of Milan, Via Luigi Mancinelli, 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mirra
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paola Scocco
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Status Fingerprint in Sarcopenic Elderly Patients: Role of Diet and Exercise. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112569. [PMID: 31653011 PMCID: PMC6893529 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma fatty acids (FAs) and oxidant status contribute to the etiology of sarcopenia in the elderly concurring to age-related muscle loss and elderly frailty through several mechanisms including changes in FA composition within the sarcolemma, promotion of chronic low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the FA profile and pro-antioxidant status in sarcopenic frail elderly patients enrolled in a nutritional and physical activity program and to evaluate their correlation with clinical markers. Moreover, the possible changes, produced after a short-term clinical protocol, were evaluated. Plasma and erythrocyte FA composition and pro-antioxidant status were analyzed in sarcopenic elderly subjects recruited for the randomized clinical study and treated with a placebo or dietary supplement, a personalized diet, and standardized physical activity. Subjects were tested before and after 30 days of treatment. Pearson correlations between biochemical parameters and patients’ characteristics at recruitment indicate interesting features of sarcopenic status such as negative correlation among the plasma FA profile, age, and physical characteristics. Physical activity and dietetic program alone for 30 days induced a decrease of saturated FA concentration with a significant increase of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid. Supplementation plus physical activity induced a significant decrease of linoleic acid, omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs, and an increase of stearic and oleic acid concentration. Moreover, glutathione reductase activity, which is an indicator of antioxidant status, significantly increased in erythrocytes. Changes over time between groups indicate significant differences for saturated FAs, which suggest that the amino acid supplementation restores FA levels that are consumed during physical activity. A relationship between FA and clinical/metabolic status revealed unique correlations and a specific metabolic and lipidomic fingerprint in sarcopenic elderly. The results indicate the positive beneficial role of supplementation and physical activity on plasma FA status and the antioxidant system as a co-adjuvant approach in sarcopenic, frail, elderly patients.
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Newman AA, Grimm NC, Wilburn JR, Schoenberg HM, Trikha SRJ, Luckasen GJ, Biela LM, Melby CL, Bell C. Influence of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition on Physiological Adaptation to Endurance Exercise Training. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1953-1966. [PMID: 30597042 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The combination of two beneficial antidiabetes interventions, regular exercise and pharmaceuticals, is intuitively appealing. However, metformin, the most commonly prescribed diabetes medication, attenuates the favorable physiological adaptations to exercise; in turn, exercise may impede the action of metformin. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the influence of an alternative diabetes treatment, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition, on the response to endurance exercise training. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION In a randomized, double-blind, repeated measures parallel design, 30 sedentary overweight and obese men and women were assigned to 12 weeks of supervised endurance exercise training, with daily ingestion of either a placebo or SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin: ≤10 mg/day). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Endurance exercise training favorably modified body mass, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), peak oxygen uptake (graded exercise with indirect calorimetry), responses to standardized submaximal exercise (indirect calorimetry, heart rate, and blood lactate), and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) citrate synthase activity (main effects of exercise training, all P < 0.05); SGLT2 inhibition did not influence any of these physiological adaptations (exercise training × treatment interaction, all P > 0.05). However, after endurance exercise training, fasting blood glucose was greater with SGLT2 inhibition, and increased insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test/Matsuda index) was abrogated with SGLT2 inhibition (exercise training × treatment interaction, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The efficacy of combining two beneficial antidiabetes interventions, regular endurance exercise and SGLT2 inhibition, was not supported. SGLT2 inhibition blunted endurance exercise training-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity, independent of effects on aerobic fitness or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Newman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Nathan C Grimm
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jessie R Wilburn
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Hayden M Schoenberg
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - S Raj J Trikha
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gary J Luckasen
- Medical Center of the Rockies Foundation, University of Colorado Health, Loveland, Colorado
| | - Laurie M Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christopher L Melby
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christopher Bell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Kim JK, Kim SG, Oh JE, Lee YK, Noh JW, Kim HJ, Song YR. Impact of sarcopenia on long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:599-607. [PMID: 29161801 PMCID: PMC6506738 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A high body mass index (BMI) is known to correlate with better survival in patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, the impacts of body composition and sarcopenia on survival have not been well studied in this population. METHODS One hundred and forty-two prevalent HD patients were recruited and followed prospectively for up to 4.5 years. Low muscle mass (measured using a portable, whole-body, bioimpedance spectroscopic device) was defined as a lean tissue index (LTI) two standard deviations (SD) or more below the normal gender-specific mean for young people. Low muscle strength was a handgrip strength (HGS) of less than 30 kg in males and less than 20 kg in females. Sarcopenia was considered present when both LTI and HGS were reduced. RESULTS The mean age was 59.8 ± 13.1 years; 57.0% were male and 47.2% had diabetes. Forty-seven patients (33.1%) had sarcopenia. During follow-up, 28 patients (19.7%) died, and low LTI (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 6.97) and low HGS (HR 5.65; 95% CI, 1.99 to 16.04) were independently associated with mortality. Sarcopenia was a significant predictor for death (HR, 6.99; 95% CI, 1.84 to 26.58; p = 0.004) and cardiovascular events (HR, 4.33; 95% CI, 1.51 to 12.43; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia was strongly associated with long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in HD patients. Assessment of muscle strength and muscle mass may provide additional prognostic information to survival in patients with end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Rim Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
- Correspondence to Young Rim Song, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang 14068, Korea Tel: +82-31-380-3720 Fax: +82-31-386-2269 E-mail:
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Ngeuleu A, Allali F, Medrare L, Madhi A, Rkain H, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence, influence of disease activity and associated factors. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1015-1020. [PMID: 28258473 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the influence of sarcopenia on disease activity and factors associated with sarcopenia. One hundred and twenty-three patients aged over 18 years with RA based on the 1987 ACR/EULAR classification criteria were enrolled. We performed a whole body DXA scan using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner lunar prodigy to measure fat mass, lean mass, and bone mass in the whole body and body parts. According to the anthropometric equation by Baumgartner et al., sarcopenia was defined as Relative skeletal mass index (RSMI) <5.5 kg/m2 on women and <7.26 kg/m2 on men. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured and patients were classified according to World Health Organization. Disease activity was evaluated by: disease activity score 28 ESR (DAS28 ESR), disease activity score 28 CRP (DAS28 CRP), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), simplify disease activity index (SDAI). We measured functional disability by Health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). History and previous medication use including steroids were also checked, and comorbidities were recorded. We analyzed the relation between disease parameters and sarcopenia with the r of Pearson and Spearman. Factors associated and related to sarcopenia were assessed using multiple regression analysis and t independent test. We included 123 patients (107 women). 49 subjects (39.8%) where suffering from sarcopenia, of which 40 women. Most of the sarcopenic patients were between 41 and 50 years old. Sarcopenia on female subjects was not related to parameters of disease activity evaluated by DAS 28, CDAI and SDAI. Most of the sarcopenic patients had normal BMI and abnormal waist circumference. In simple regression analysis sarcopenia was related to BMI, DAS 28 ESR, bone erosion, waist circumference and HAQ. In multiple regression analysis, sarcopenia was positively related to an increase cardiometabolic risk [p = 0.025, OR 0.176, CI (0.038-0.980)], normal BMI [p = 0.004, OR 12.3, CI (2.27-67.6)], over fat BMI [p = 0.004, OR 12.3, CI (2.27-67.6)] and bone erosion [p = 0.012, OR 0.057 CI (0.006-0.532)]. No statistical difference was found according to disease duration and steroids use between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic patients. Sarcopenia is prevalent and related to age, bone erosion, normal/over fat BMI and high cardiometabolic risk according to waist circumference but not with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Ngeuleu
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University-Hospital, Rabat-Salé Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Vth University, Salé, Morocco.
| | - F Allali
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University-Hospital, Rabat-Salé Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Vth University, Salé, Morocco.,Laboratory of Information and Research on Bone Diseases (LIRPOS-URAC 30), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Vth, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Vth, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Medrare
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University-Hospital, Rabat-Salé Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Vth University, Salé, Morocco
| | - A Madhi
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University-Hospital, Rabat-Salé Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Vth University, Salé, Morocco
| | - H Rkain
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University-Hospital, Rabat-Salé Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Vth University, Salé, Morocco.,Laboratory of Information and Research on Bone Diseases (LIRPOS-URAC 30), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Vth, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Vth, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N Hajjaj-Hassouni
- Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi University-Hospital, Rabat-Salé Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Vth University, Salé, Morocco.,Laboratory of Information and Research on Bone Diseases (LIRPOS-URAC 30), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed Vth, Rabat, Morocco
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Oh C, Jeon BH, Reid Storm SN, Jho S, No JK. The most effective factors to offset sarcopenia and obesity in the older Korean: Physical activity, vitamin D, and protein intake. Nutrition 2017; 33:169-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Vasconcelos KSDS, Dias JMD, Bastone ADC, Vieira RA, Andrade ACDS, Perracini MR, Guerra RO, Dias RC. Handgrip Strength Cutoff Points to Identify Mobility Limitation in Community-dwelling Older People and Associated Factors. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:306-15. [PMID: 26892580 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The specific threshold of muscle weakness that leads to mobility limitations has not been identified. OBJECTIVES To determine the best cutoff point of handgrip strength for identifying mobility limitation and to investigate the factors associated with muscle weakness and mobility limitation in community-dwelling older people. DESIGN Transversal study. SETTING Cities of Belo Horizonte, Barueri and Santa Cruz in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 1374 community-dwelling older people from the Frailty study in Brazilian older people (FIBRA Study). MEASUREMENTS Outcomes included muscle weakness determined according to gender-specific handgrip strength cutoff points generated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, mobility limitation defined as a gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s; and a combination of both muscle weakness and mobility limitation. Associated factors included socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, anthropometrics, health conditions, use of health services and disability. RESULTS The cutoff points of handgrip strength with the best balancing between sensitivity and specificity for mobility limitation were 25.8 kgf for men (sensitivity 69%, specificity 73%) and 17.4 kgf (sensitivity 60%, specificity 66%) for women. Age and disability in instrumental activities of daily living were associated with all outcomes. Women had greater odds of mobility limitation than men. Physical inactivity, body fat, diabetes, depression, sleeping disturbances, number of medications and occurrence of falls remained as significant associated factors in the final model. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength can be a useful tool to identify mobility limitation in clinical practice. Interventions to prevent or minimize impacts of sarcopenia should stimulate physical activity and improvement of body composition in addition to the management of chronic diseases and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S de Souza Vasconcelos
- Karina Simone de Souza Vasconcelos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Physical Therapy, Rua Engenheiro Hermenegildo Campos de Almeida, 260, ap 31, Jundiaí - SP, Brasil, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13208640, Brazil, +55 11 45816347, mobile: +55 11 964339875,
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014; 144:327-34. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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11
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary Fat and Fatty Acid Profile Are Associated with Indices of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women Aged 18–79 Years. J Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A. Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Jane Skinner
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anna A. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Moon SS. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2009-2010. Endocr J 2014; 61:61-70. [PMID: 24088600 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an emerging risk factor for metabolic disorders. No study of the association of sarcopenia with insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MS) according to age group and obesity status in the general population has been reported. We investigated these associations in the Korean population. Participants included 4558 males and 5874 females, who were ≥20 years of age or older from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys of the Korean population (2009 and 2010). Age was categorized according to three groups (20-39, 40-59, and ≥ 60 years). Obesity was defined according to body mass index. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by weight (Wt) (%) of > 2SD below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. After adjustment for confounding variables, sarcopenia showed a significant association with HOMA-IR in the non-obese group (P<0.001). Sarcopenia was found to be a risk factor for diabetes in the non-obese group (OR, 2.140; 95% CI, 1.549-2.956; P<0.001). Sarcopenia also showed an association with MS in the non-obese group (OR, 2.209; 95% CI, 1.679-2.906; P<0.001), but not in the obese-group. However, these results were not relevant to young age group. In conclusion, sarcopenia showed an association with insulin resistance, diabetes, and MS, in the non-obese population. Sarcopenia may be an early predictor for diabetes and MS susceptibility in the non-obese population, particularly in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Su Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
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Loncar G, Bozic B, von Haehling S, Düngen HD, Prodanovic N, Lainscak M, Arandjelovic A, Dimkovic S, Radojicic Z, Popovic V. Association of adiponectin with peripheral muscle status in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:818-23. [PMID: 24095654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced peripheral muscle mass was demonstrated in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). Adipokines may have potent metabolic effects on skeletal muscle. The associations between adipokines, peripheral muscle mass, and muscle function have been poorly investigated in patients with HF. METHODS We measured markers of fat and bone metabolism (adiponectin, leptin, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, osteoprotegerin, RANKL), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in 73 non-cachectic, non-diabetic, male patients with chronic HF (age: 68 ± 7 years, New York Heart Association class II/III: 76/26%, left ventricular ejection fraction 29 ± 8%) and 20 healthy controls of similar age. Lean mass as a measure of skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), while muscle strength was assessed by hand grip strength measured by Jamar dynamometer. RESULTS Serum levels of adiponectin, parathyroid hormone, osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and NT-pro-BNP were elevated in patients with chronic HF compared to healthy controls (all p<0.0001), while no difference in serum levels of leptin, testosterone or SHBG was noted. Levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were reduced (p=0.002) in HF group. Peripheral lean mass and hand grip strength were reduced in patients with HF compared to healthy subjects (p=0.006 and p<0.0001, respectively). Using backward selection multivariable regression, serum levels of increased adiponectin remained significantly associated with reduced arm lean mass and muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may indicate a cross-sectional metabolic association of increased serum adiponectin with reduced peripheral muscle mass and muscle strength in non-cachectic, non-diabetic, elderly HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Loncar
- Cardiology Department, Zvezdara University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Chin SO, Rhee SY, Chon S, Hwang YC, Jeong IK, Oh S, Ahn KJ, Chung HY, Woo JT, Kim SW, Kim JW, Kim YS, Ahn HY. Sarcopenia is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in older Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2009. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60119. [PMID: 23533671 PMCID: PMC3606314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in elderly people has not been adequately assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CVD is more prevalent in subjects with sarcopenia independent of other well-established cardiovascular risk factors in older Korean adults. Method This study utilized the representative Korean population data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) which was conducted in 2009. Subjects older than 65 years of age with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were selected. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the older Korean adults was investigated, and it was determined whether sarcopenia is associated with CVD independent of other well-known risk factors. Results 1,578 subjects aged 65 years and older with the data for ASM were selected, and the overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 30.3% in men and 29.3% in women. Most of the risk factors for CVD such as age, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose and total cholesterol showed significant negative correlations with the ratio between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and body weight. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia was associated with CVD independent of other well-documented risk factors, renal function and medications (OR, 1.768; 95% CI, 1.075–2.909, P = 0.025). Conclusions Sarcopenia was associated with the presence of CVD independent of other cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting renal function and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Cheol Hwang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Jeung Ahn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Woon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seol Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Yup Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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Lin L, Rideout T, Yurkova N, Yang H, Eck P, Jones PJH. Fatty acid ethanolamides modulate CD36-mRNA through dietary fatty acid manipulation in Syrian Golden hamsters. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:870-8. [PMID: 23855275 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids convert to fatty acid ethanolamides which associate with lipid signalling, fat oxidation, and energy balance; however, the extent to which dietary fatty acids manipulation can impact such control processes through fatty acid ethanolamides-related mechanisms remains understudied. The objective was to examine the impact of diets containing 6% corn oil, high oleic canola oil, docosahexaenoic acid + high oleic canola oil, and fish oil on plasma and organ levels of fatty acid ethanolamides, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α regulatory targets, and lipid metabolism in Syrian Golden hamsters. After 29 days, in plasma, animals that were fed fish oil showed greater (p < 0.05) oleoylethanolamide and lower (p < 0.05) arachidonoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide levels compared with other groups, while animals fed canola oil showed higher (p < 0.05) oleoylethanolamide levels in proximal intestine and liver than groups that were fed coin oil and fish oil. The canola oil group showed elevated (p < 0.01) fat oxidation (%) and over 3.0-fold higher (p < 0.05) hepatic-CD36 expression compared with the corn oil group. Hepatic-lipogenesis was lower (p < 0.05) in hamsters that were fed DHA-canola oil compared with the corn oil group. To conclude, dietary fatty acids produced shifts in plasma and organ levels of arachidonoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamid, which were accompanied by changes in gene expression, lipogenesis, and energy expenditure, suggesting mechanisms through which dietary fatty acids influence disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- a Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, 196 Innovation Drive, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Carrillo AE, Flynn MG, Pinkston C, Markofski MM, Jiang Y, Donkin SS, Teegarden D. Impact of vitamin D supplementation during a resistance training intervention on body composition, muscle function, and glucose tolerance in overweight and obese adults. Clin Nutr 2012; 32:375-81. [PMID: 23034474 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The impact of vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese adults during resistance training on body composition, muscle function, and glucose tolerance was investigated. METHODS Twenty-three overweight and obese (age: 26.1±4.7 y; BMI: 31.3±3.2 kg/m(2); 25-hydroxyvitamin D: 19.3±7.2 ng/mL) adults were recruited for participation in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomly divided into vitamin D (VitD, 4000 IU/d; 5 females, 5 males) and placebo (PL; 7 females, 6 males) groups. Both groups completed 12 weeks of resistance training. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, body composition, and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Muscle function (strength and power) was assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS During the intervention, 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased and parathyroid hormone decreased in the VitD group (P<0.05). Peak power was significantly increased at 4 weeks in the VitD group only (P<0.05). Regression analysis revealed an inverse association between the change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the change in waist-to-hip ratio (R(2)=0.205, P=0.02). No other improvements were observed with supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese adults during resistance training induced an early improvement in peak power, and elevated vitamin D status was associated with reduced waist-to-hip ratio. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01199926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres E Carrillo
- Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Radley-Crabb HG, Fiorotto ML, Grounds MD. The different impact of a high fat diet on dystrophic mdx and control C57Bl/10 mice. PLOS CURRENTS 2011; 3:RRN1276. [PMID: 22094293 PMCID: PMC3217191 DOI: 10.1371/currents.rrn1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The absence of functional dystrophin protein in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and dystrophic mdx mice leads to fragile myofibre membranes and cycles of myofibre necrosis and regeneration. It is proposed that both DMD patients and mdx mice have an altered metabolism and impaired energy status and that nutritional supplementation may reduce the severity of dystropathology. This research compares the in vivo responses of dystrophic mdx and normal control C57Bl/10 mice to a high protein (50%) or a high fat (16%) diet. Consumption of a high protein diet had minimal effects on the body composition or muscle morphology in both strains of mice. In contrast, differences between the strains were seen in response to the high fat diet; this response also varied between mdx mice aged <24 weeks, and mdx mice aged 24 - 40 weeks. C57Bl/10 mice demonstrated many negative side effects after consuming the high fat diet, including weight gain, increased body fat, and elevated inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, after consuming the high fat diet for 16 weeks the mdx mice (< 24 weeks) remained lean with minimal fat deposition and were resistant to changes in body composition. These results support the proposal that energy metabolism in dystrophic mdx mice is altered compared to normal C57Bl/10 mice and this enables the mdx mice to better metabolise the high fat diet and avoid fat deposition. However, older mdx mice (24 - 40-week-old), with increased energy intake, exhibited some mild adverse effects of a high fat diet but to a far lesser extent than age-matched C57Bl/10 mice. Benefits of the high fat diet on dystrophic muscles of young mice were demonstrated by the significantly increased running ability (km) of voluntarily exercised mdx mice and significantly reduced myofibre necrosis in 24-week-old sedentary mdx mice. These novel data clearly identify an 'altered' response to a high fat diet in dystrophic mdx compared to normal C57Bl/10 mice. Our data indicate that the high fat diet may better meet the energy needs of mdx mice to reduce muscle damage and improve muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Anatomy and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Srikanthan P, Hevener AL, Karlamangla AS. Sarcopenia exacerbates obesity-associated insulin resistance and dysglycemia: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10805. [PMID: 22421977 PMCID: PMC3279294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia often co-exists with obesity, and may have additive effects on insulin resistance. Sarcopenic obese individuals could be at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We performed a study to determine whether sarcopenia is associated with impairment in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in obese and non-obese individuals. Methodology We performed a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data utilizing subjects of 20 years or older, non-pregnant (N = 14,528). Sarcopenia was identified from bioelectrical impedance measurement of muscle mass. Obesity was identified from body mass index. Outcomes were homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR), glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1C), and prevalence of pre-diabetes (6.0≤ HbA1C<6.5 and not on medication) and type 2 diabetes. Covariates in multiple regression were age, educational level, ethnicity and sex. Principal Findings Sarcopenia was associated with insulin resistance in non-obese (HOMA IR ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 1.52) and obese individuals (HOMA-IR ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.18). Sarcopenia was associated with dysglycemia in obese individuals (HbA1C ratio 1.021, 95% CI 1.011 to 1.043) but not in non-obese individuals. Associations were stronger in those under 60 years of age. We acknowledge that the cross-sectional study design limits our ability to draw causal inferences. Conclusions Sarcopenia, independent of obesity, is associated with adverse glucose metabolism, and the association is strongest in individuals under 60 years of age, which suggests that low muscle mass may be an early predictor of diabetes susceptibility. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, further research is urgently needed to develop interventions to prevent sarcopenic obesity and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Srikanthan
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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