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Chang M, Chen W, Xia R, Peng Y, Niu P, Fan H. Pancreatic Stellate Cells and the Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Pancreatitis. Molecules 2023; 28:5586. [PMID: 37513458 PMCID: PMC10383437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by inflammatory recurrence that accompanies the development of pancreatic fibrosis. As the mystery of CP pathogenesis is gradually revealed, accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and the appearance of a myofibroblast-like phenotype are the key gatekeepers in the development of CP. Targeting PSCs to prevent their activation and conversion to a myofibroblast-like phenotype, as well as increasing antioxidant capacity to counteract ongoing oxidative stress, are effective strategies for preventing or treating CP. Therefore, we reviewed the crosstalk between CP and pancreatic fibrosis, summarized the activation mechanisms of PSCs, and investigated potential CP therapeutic strategies targeting PSCs, including, but not limited to, anti-fibrosis therapy, antioxidant therapy, and gene therapy. Meanwhile, the above therapeutic strategies are selected in order to update the available phytopharmaceuticals as novel complementary or alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of CP to clarify their potential mechanisms of action and their relevant molecular targets, aiming to provide the most comprehensive therapeutic treatment direction for CP and to bring new hope to CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruting Xia
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yangyue Peng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pandi Niu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang WQ, Liu XY, Zhang Q, Mao T, Li XY. Immune cells and immune cell-targeted therapy in chronic pancreatitis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151103. [PMID: 36969002 PMCID: PMC10034053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies have attempted to understand the immune cells and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) by constructing a model of CP. Based on these studies, the innate immune response is a key factor in disease pathogenesis and inflammation severity. Novel mechanisms of crosstalk between immune and non-immune pancreatic cells, such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), have also been explored. Immune cells, immune responses, and signaling pathways in CP are important factors in the development and progression of pancreatitis. Based on these mechanisms, targeted therapy may provide a feasible scheme to stop or reverse the progression of the disease in the future and provide a new direction for the treatment of CP. This review summarizes the recent advances in research on immune mechanisms in CP and the new advances in treatment based on these mechanisms.
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Catalpol Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects by Enhancing Anti-oxidation and Neurotrophy and Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via Activation of HO-1. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2975-2991. [PMID: 35668334 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside with rich content, rich nutrition, and numerous biological activities in Rehmanniae Radix contained in classic antidepressant prescriptions in Chinese clinical medicine. Catalpol has been confirmed previously its exact antidepressant-like effect involved heme oxygenase (HO)-1, but its antidepressant molecular targets and mechanism are still unclear. Here, catalpol's antidepressant-like molecular target was diagnosed and confirmed by ZnPP intervention [the antagonist of HO-1, (10 μg/rat), intracerebroventricular] for the first time, and its molecule mechanism network was determined through HO-1 related pathway and molecules in the hippocampus. Results showed that ZnPP significantly abolished catalpol's (10 mg/kg) reversal on depressive-like behaviors of chronic unpredictable mild stress rats, abolished catalpol's up-regulation on the phosphorylation level of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)'s receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), the nuclear expression level of nuclear factor E 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the levels of anti-oxidant factors (such as HO-1, SOD, GPX, GST, GSH) and BDNF, and abolished catalpol's down-regulation on the levels of peroxide and neuroinflammation factors [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), induced nitrogen monoxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO)]. Thus, HO-1 could serve as an important potential molecular target for catalpol's antidepressant-like process, and the antidepressant-like mechanism of catalpol could at least involve the activation of HO-1 triggering the up-regulation of the ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related factors to enhance the anti-oxidant defense, triggering the down-regulation of the COX-2/iNOS/NO pathway-related factors to inhibit neuroinflammation, and triggering the up-regulation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway to enhance neurotrophy.
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Abstract
Significance: As the central metabolic organ, the liver is exposed to a variety of potentially cytotoxic, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogenic stimuli. To protect the organism from these deleterious effects, the liver has evolved a number of defense systems, which include antioxidant substrates and enzymes, anti-inflammatory tools, enzymatic biotransformation systems, and metabolic pathways. Recent Advances: One of the pivotal systems that evolved during phylogenesis was the heme catabolic pathway. Comprising the important enzymes heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase, this complex pathway has a number of key functions including enzymatic activities, but also cell signaling, and DNA transcription. It further generates two important bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin, as well as the gaseous molecule carbon monoxide. These heme degradation products have potent antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and cytoprotective effects. Recent data suggest that the pathway participates in the regulation of metabolic and hormonal processes implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic and other diseases. Critical Issues: This review discusses the impact of the heme catabolic pathway on major liver diseases, with particular focus on the involvement of cellular targeting and signaling in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Future Directions: To utilize the biological consequences of the heme catabolic pathway, several unique therapeutic strategies have been developed. Research indicates that pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and lifestyle modifications positively affect the pathway, delivering potentially long-term clinical benefits. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of these approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 734-752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vítek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ahmad IM, Dafferner AJ, O’Connell KA, Mehla K, Britigan BE, Hollingsworth MA, Abdalla MY. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibition Potentiates the Effects of Nab-Paclitaxel-Gemcitabine and Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2264. [PMID: 34066839 PMCID: PMC8125955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Tumor hypoxia plays an active role in promoting tumor progression, malignancy, and resistance to therapy in PDAC. We present evidence that nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine (NPG) and/or a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), providing a survival advantage for tumors. Using PDAC cells in vitro and a PDAC mouse model, we found that NPG chemotherapy up-regulated expression of HO-1 in PDAC cells and increased its nuclear translocation. Inhibition of HO-1 with ZnPP and SnPP sensitized PDAC cells to NPG-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, HO-1 expression was increased in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells (p < 0.05), and HO-1 inhibition increased GEM-resistant PDAC sensitivity to NPG (p < 0.05). NPG combined with HO-1 inhibitor inhibited tumor size in an orthotopic model. In parallel, HO-1 inhibition abrogated the influx of macrophages and FoxP3+ cells, while increasing the proportion of CD8+ infiltration in the pancreatic tumors. These effects were mediated primarily by reducing expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Ahmad
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Alicia J. Dafferner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Kelly A. O’Connell
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Bradley E. Britigan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Nebraska Western Iowa, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Service, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Maher Y. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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Choi JW, Jeong JH, Jo IJ, Kim DG, Shin JY, Kim MJ, Choi BM, Shin YK, Song HJ, Bae GS, Park SJ. Preventive Effects of Gardenia jasminoides on Cerulein-Induced Chronic Pancreatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:987-1003. [PMID: 32431181 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous report revealed that Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) has protective effects against acute pancreatitis. So, we examined whether aqueous extract of GJ has anti-inflammation and antifibrotic effects even against cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis (CP). CP was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of a stable cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue, cerulein, six times a day, four days per week for three weeks. GJ extract (0.1 or 1[Formula: see text]g/kg) or saline (control group) were intraperitoneally injected 1[Formula: see text]h before first cerulein injection. After three weeks of stimulation, the pancreas was harvested for the examination of several fibrotic parameters. In addition, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were isolated using gradient methods to examine the antifibrogenic effects of GJ. In the cerulein-induced CP mice, the histological features of the pancreas showed severe tissue damage such as enlarged interstitial spaces, inflammatory cell infiltrate and glandular atrophy, and tissue fibrosis. However, treatment of GJ reduced the severity of CP such as pancreatic edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, treatment of GJ increased pancreatic acinar cell survival, and reduced pancreatic fibrosis and activation of PSC in vivo and in vitro. In addition, GJ treatment inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in the PSCs. These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of CP and the pancreatic fibrosis by inhibiting JNK and ERK activation during CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Choi
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Jeong
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Division of Beauty Sciences, Wonkwang University School of Natural Sciences, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yeon Shin
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kook Shin
- Major in Integrated Oriental Medical Bioscience, College of Health Biotechnology, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Ramakrishnan P, Loh WM, Gopinath SC, Bonam SR, Fareez IM, Mac Guad R, Sim MS, Wu YS. Selective phytochemicals targeting pancreatic stellate cells as new anti-fibrotic agents for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:399-413. [PMID: 32140388 PMCID: PMC7049637 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been widely accepted as a key precursor of excessive pancreatic fibrosis, which is a crucial hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its formidable associated disease, pancreatic cancer (PC). Hence, anti-fibrotic therapy has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CP and PC by targeting PSCs. Most of the anti-fibrotic agents have been limited to phase I/II clinical trials involving vitamin analogs, which are abundant in medicinal plants and have proved to be promising for clinical application. The use of phytomedicines, as new anti-fibrotic agents, has been applied to a variety of complementary and alternative approaches. The aim of this review was to present a focused update on the selective new potential anti-fibrotic agents, including curcumin, resveratrol, rhein, emodin, green tea catechin derivatives, metformin, eruberin A, and ellagic acid, in combating PSC in CP and PC models. It aimed to describe the mechanism(s) of the phytochemicals used, either alone or in combination, and the associated molecular targets. Most of them were tested in PC models with similar mechanism of actions, and curcumin was tested intensively. Future research may explore the issues of bioavailability, drug design, and nano-formulation, in order to achieve successful clinical outcomes with promising activity and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puvanesswaray Ramakrishnan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wei Mee Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C.B. Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Ismail M. Fareez
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
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Jin G, Hong W, Guo Y, Bai Y, Chen B. Molecular Mechanism of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Activation in Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1505-1515. [PMID: 32047557 PMCID: PMC6995390 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the main effector cells in the process of fibrosis, a major pathological feature in pancreatic diseases that including chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. During tumorigenesis, quiescent PSCs change into an active myofibroblast-like phenotype which could create a favorable tumor microenvironment and facilitate cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasiveness and inducing treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Many cellular signals are revealed contributing to the activation of PSCs, such as transforming growth factor-β, platelet derived growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Smads, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways and so on. Therefore, investigating the role of these factors and signaling pathways in PSCs activation will promote the development of PSCs-specific therapeutic strategies that may provide novel options for pancreatic cancer therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the current knowledge about PSCs activation-associated stimulating factors and signaling pathways and hope to provide new strategies for the treatment of pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Abdalla MY, Ahmad IM, Rachagani S, Banerjee K, Thompson CM, Maurer HC, Olive KP, Bailey KL, Britigan BE, Kumar S. Enhancing responsiveness of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment under hypoxia by heme oxygenase-1 inhibition. Transl Res 2019; 207:56-69. [PMID: 30653942 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has one of the worst prognoses leading to a meager 5-year survival rate of ∼8%. Chemotherapy has had limited success in extending the life span of patients with advanced PDAC due to poor tumor perfusion and hypoxia-induced resistance. Hypoxia reprograms the gene expression profile and upregulates the expression of multiple genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which provide survival advantage to PDAC cells. However, the relationships between HO-1, hypoxia, and response to chemotherapy is unclear. Our results showed that hypoxia upregulates the expression of HO-1 in PDAC cells, and HO-1 inhibition using the HO-1 inhibitors zinc protoporphyrin, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), and HO-1 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 suppresses the proliferation of PDAC cells under hypoxia and sensitize them to gemcitabine under in vitro conditions. Treating orthotopic tumors with SnPP, or SnPP in combination with gemcitabine, significantly reduced the weight of pancreatic tumors (P < 0.05), decreased metastasis and improved the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, inhibition of HO-1 increased the production of reactive oxygen species as demonstrated by increased dihydroethidium, and Mitosox, disrupted glutathione cycle, and enhanced apoptosis. There was significant increase in cleaved caspase-3 staining in tumors after combined treatment with SnPP and gemcitabine comparing to control or gemcitabine alone. In addition, inhibiting HO-1 reduced expression of stemness markers (CD133, and CD44) as compared to control or gemcitabine. Overall, our study may present a novel therapeutic regimen that might be adopted for the treatment of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Y Abdalla
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kasturi Banerjee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Christopher M Thompson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Katie L Bailey
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bradley E Britigan
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Nebraska/Western Iowa, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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10
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Maulina T, Widayanti R, Hardianto A, Sjamsudin E, Pontjo B, Yusuf HY. The Usage of Curcumin as Chemopreventive Agent for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Experimental Study on Sprague-Dawley Rat. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735418822094. [PMID: 30616418 PMCID: PMC6432668 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418822094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcumin, a natural herb that can be isolated from turmeric has been known for its therapeutic potential, including its chemopreventive potential, while heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme that can act as the biomarker for the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current study investigated the efficacy of curcumin as a chemopreventive agent for OSCC by evaluating the immunoexpression of HO-1 at epithelial dysplasia stage. Methods: The current experimental study was conducted at the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Indonesia, using 40 Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats were randomly divided into 1 of 2 groups: the experimental group that was fed with standard rat food and curcumin and the control group that was fed with standard rat food without curcumin. At the beginning of the fifth week, every animal was wounded on the right buccal mucosa and was exposed to 0.5% 7,12-dymethylbenz(a)anthracene 3 times a week for 4 weeks in order to induce epithelial dysplasia of OSCC. On the ninth week, the right buccal mucosa was biopsied and the immunoexpression of HO-1 in both groups was compared and analyzed. Results: Sample examination revealed that all rats showed moderate to severe dysplastic epithelial dysplasia stage of OSCC, while a Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no significant (P = .09) difference found between the 2 groups for the immunoexpression of HO-1. Conclusion: With regard to its chemopreventive potential, the curcumin dose used in the study was not proven to be effective. Further study is of importance.
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11
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Li XH, Zhou XM, Li XJ, Liu YY, Liu Q, Guo XL, Yang LQ, Chen JX. Effects of Xiaoyaosan on the Hippocampal Gene Expression Profile in Rats Subjected to Chronic Immobilization Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 31031647 PMCID: PMC6474260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effect of Xiaoyaosan and its anti-stress mechanism in rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress at the whole genome level. Methods: Rat whole genome expression chips (Illumina) were used to detect differences in hippocampal gene expression in rats from the control group (CN group), model group (M group) and Xiaoyaosan group (XYS group) that were subjected to chronic immobilization stress. The Gene Ontology terms and signaling pathways that were altered in the hippocampus gene expression profile were analyzed. The network regulating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes was also established. To verify the results from the gene chips, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of the GABRA1, FADD, CRHR2, and CDK6 genes in hippocampal tissues. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of the GABRA1 and CRHR2 genes and proteins, respectively. Results: Compared with the CN group, 566 differentially expressed genes were identified in the M group. Compared with the M group, 544 differentially expressed genes were identified in the XYS group. In the M and XYS groups, multiple significantly upregulated or downregulated genes functioned in various biological processes. The cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly inhibited in the hippocampus of the model group. The actin cytoskeleton regulation pathway was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the XYS group. The inhibition of hippocampal cell growth was the core molecular event of network regulating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes in the model group. Promotion of the regeneration of hippocampal neurons was the core molecular event of the transcriptional regulatory network in the XYS group. The levels of the GABRA1, FADD, CRHR2 and CDK6 mRNAs, and proteins were basically consistent with the results obtained from the gene chip. Conclusion: XYS may have the ability of resistance to stress, enhancement immunity and promotion nerve cell regeneration by regulating the expression of multiple genes in numerous pathways and repaired the stress-induced impairments in hippocampal structure and function by inducing cytoskeletal reorganization. These results may provide the possible target spots in the treatment of stress in rats with XYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Han L, Jiang J, Ma Q, Wu Z, Wang Z. The inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 enhances the chemosensitivity and suppresses the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells through the SHH signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:2101-2109. [PMID: 29620188 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a type of cancer associated with a high fatality rate due to a poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is significantly overexpressed in a number of types of cancer and seems to play an important role in cancer progression. In this study, we examined the potential effects of HO-1 on PC cell proliferation and sensivity to gemcitabine (Gem). Furthermore, the role of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in the regulatory effects of HO-1 on PC progression were examined. For this purpose, the expression of HO-1 was examined in cultured PC cells by real-time PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Transfection with small interfering RNA against HO-1 or an overexpression plasmid were used to regulate the expression of HO-1 in the MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell lines. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assays in response to the different treatments. The results revealed that HO-1 expression differed significantly in the different PC cells. The overexpression of HO-1 induced PC cell proliferation and the inhibition of HO-1 decreased the cell proliferative ability. Furthermore, HO-1 activated the SHH signaling pathway in the PC cells. In addition, the SHH signaling pathway was found to play a role in HO-1-induced PC cell proliferation. The inhibition of HO-1 enhanced the responsiveness of PC cells to Gem and Gem was found to regulate the expression of HO-1 and the activation of the SHH pathway. On the whole, our findings indicate that HO-1 overexpression in PC cells may be responsible for the increased cell proliferation and the resistance to anticancer therapy. Furthermore, the SHH signaling pathway, the activation of which was initiated by HO-1, may be one of the endogenous mechanisms in this process. Our data shed light into the association between HO-1 and SHH in PC cells, and may aid in the development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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α-Lipoic Acid Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Simultaneous Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100:908-15. [PMID: 26502371 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors have been implicated in the process of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in organ transplantation. Among these factors, oxidative damage seems to initiate the injury. α-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant that is used in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ALA in patients undergoing simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant by evaluating the functional recovery of the graft and biochemical markers of IRI. METHODS Twenty-six patients were included in the following groups: (i) untreated control; (ii) donor and recipient (DR) ALA-treated, in which ALA was administered both to the deceased donor and to the recipients; and (iii) recipient ALA-treated group. The expression of inflammatory genes, as observed in biopsies taken at the end of surgery, as well as the serum cytokines, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, regenerating islet-derived protein 3β/pancreatitis-associated protein, amylase, lipase, glucose, and creatinine levels were quantified as markers of organ function. RESULTS The DR group showed high levels of TGFβ and low levels of C3 and TNFα in the kidneys, whereas high levels of C3 and heme oxygenase were identified in pancreas biopsies. Decreases in serum IL-8, IL-6, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 β/pancreatitis-associated protein were observed after surgery in the DR group. Serum lipase and amylase were lower in the DR group than in the control and recipient groups. Early kidney dysfunction and clinical pancreatitis were higher in the control group than in either treatment group. CONCLUSIONS These results show that ALA preconditioning is capable of reducing inflammatory markers while decreasing early kidney dysfunction and clinical posttransplant pancreatitis.
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Chang M, Xue J, Sharma V, Habtezion A. Protective role of hemeoxygenase-1 in gastrointestinal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1161-73. [PMID: 25428780 PMCID: PMC4342274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disorders and diseases of the gastrointestinal system encompass a wide array of pathogenic mechanisms as a result of genetic, infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory conditions. Inflammatory diseases in general are rising in incidence and are emerging clinical problems in gastroenterology and hepatology. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme that has been shown to confer protection in various organ-system models. Its downstream effectors, carbon monoxide and biliverdin have also been shown to offer these beneficial effects. Many studies suggest that induction of HO-1 expression in gastrointestinal tissues and cells plays a critical role in cytoprotection and resolving inflammation as well as tissue injury. In this review, we examine the protective role of HO-1 and its downstream effectors in modulating inflammatory diseases of the upper (esophagus and stomach) and lower (small and large intestine) gastrointestinal tract, the liver, and the pancreas. Cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities of HO-1 make it a promising if not ideal therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jing Xue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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15
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Haqq J, Howells LM, Garcea G, Metcalfe MS, Steward WP, Dennison AR. Pancreatic stellate cells and pancreas cancer: current perspectives and future strategies. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2570-82. [PMID: 25091797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a very poor prognosis. To date patient outcomes have not improved principally due to the limited number of patients suitable for surgical resections and the radiation and chemotherapy resistance of these tumours. In the last decade, a failure of conventional therapies has forced researchers to re-examine the environment of PDAC. The tumour environment has been demonstrated to consist of an abundance of stroma containing many cells but predominantly pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Recent research has focused on understanding the interaction between PSCs and PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. It is believed that the interaction between these cells is responsible for supporting tumour growth, invasion and metastasis and creating the barrier to delivery of chemotherapeutics. Novel approaches which focus on the interactions between PDAC and PSCs which sustain the tumour microenvironment may achieve significant patient benefits. This manuscript reviews the current evidence regarding PSCs, their interaction with PDAC cells and the potential implication this may have for future therapies. METHODS A PubMed search was carried out for the terms 'pancreas cancer' OR 'pancreatic cancer', AND 'pancreatic stellate cells', NOT 'hepatic stellate cells'. All studies were screened and assessed for their eligibility and manuscripts exploring the relationship between PSCs and PDAC were included. The studies were subdivided into in vitro and in vivo groups. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-six manuscripts were identified and reduced to seventy-three in vitro and in vivo studies for review. The manuscripts showed that PDAC cells and PSCs interact with each other to enhance proliferation, reduce apoptosis and increase migration and invasion of cancer cells. The pathways through which they facilitate these actions provide potential targets for future novel therapies. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence supporting the multiple roles of PSCs in establishing the tumour microenvironment and supporting the survival of PDAC. To further validate these findings there is a need for greater use of physiologically relevant models of pancreatic cancer in vitro such as three dimensional co-cultures and the use of orthotopic and genetically engineered murine (GEM) models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Haqq
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
| | - Lynne M Howells
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Garcea
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S Metcalfe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Will P Steward
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine Group, University Hospitals of Leicester & University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
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Yang XJ, Qi CH, Zheng Y, Cao YW, Li R, Song LX, Zhao Q, Chen WG. SB203580 decreases collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ expression in the liver of rats with experimental hepatic fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:310-318. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i3.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of P38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ expression in the liver of rats with experimental hepatic fibrosis.
METHODS: Thirty-two female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: a normal control group, a hepatic fibrosis group, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and a SB203580 group. Except the normal control group, rats in other groups were subcutaneously injected with carbon tetrachloride to induce hepatic fibrosis. The DMSO group was intraperitoneally injected with 2‰ DMSO [3 mL/(kg·d)]. Rats in the SB203580 group were intraperitoneally injected with SB203580 [10 mg/(kg·d), dissolved in DMSO]. Fibrosis was staged using histopathological methods. The expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.
RESULTS: In the normal control group, hepatic fibrosis group, DMSO group and SB203580 group, mean rank of liver fibrosis stage was 4.50, 22.50, 24.00 and 15.00, respectively; SSS scores were 2.750 ± 0.707, 15.875 ± 0.835, 16.000 ± 0.926 and 11.625 ± 0.916, respectively; color rendering indexes of collagen Ⅰ were 1.575 ± 0.249, 7.650 ± 0.621, 7.725 ± 0.501 and 4.625 ± 0.495, respectively; color rendering indexes of collagen Ⅲ were 2.375 ± 0.518, 4.025 ± 0.446, 4.075 ± 0.544 and 3.375 ± 0.167, respectively; the relative expression levels of collagen Ⅰ were 0.020 ± 0.003, 0.012 ± 0.002, 0.009 ± 0.002 and 0.016 ± 0.005, respectively; the relative expression levels of collagen Ⅲ were 0.412 ± 0.772, 0.773 ± 0.137, 0.799 ± 0.116 and 0.572 ± 0.862, respectively. Compared to the normal control group, the stage of fibrosis was elevated (P < 0.001) and the expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ was increased (both P < 0.001) in the hepatic fibrosis group. Compared to the hepatic fibrosis group, the stage of fibrosis declined (P = 0.015) and the expression of collagen Ⅰ (P < 0.001) and collagen Ⅲ (P = 0.041) was decreased in the SB203580 group.
CONCLUSION: P38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 decreases the expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ and inhibits the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats.
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Schwer CI, Stoll P, Rospert S, Fitzke E, Schallner N, Bürkle H, Schmidt R, Humar M. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 CORM-2 represses global protein synthesis by inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:201-12. [PMID: 23041477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter that exerts antiproliferative effects in many cell types, but effects of CO on the translational machinery are not described. We examined the effects of the carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on critical steps in translational signaling and global protein synthesis in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the most prominent collagen-producing cells in the pancreas, whose activation is associated with pancreatic fibrosis. PSCs were isolated from rat pancreatic tissue and incubated with CORM-2. CORM-2 prevented the decrease in the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) caused by serum. By contrast, the activation dependent phosphorylation of initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) was inhibited by CORM-2 treatment. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) were not affected by CORM-2 treatment. In consequence, CORM-2 mediated eEF2 phosphorylation and inactivation of 4E-BP1 suppressed global protein synthesis. These observations were associated with inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) signaling and increased intracellular calcium and cAMP levels. The CORM-2 mediated inhibition of protein synthesis resulted in downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, a subsequent decline in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and cell growth arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase checkpoint of the cell cycle. Our results suggest the therapeutic application of CO releasing molecules such as CORM-2 for the treatment of fibrosis, inflammation, cancer, or other pathologic states associated with excessive protein synthesis or hyperproliferation. However, prolonged exogenous application of CO might also have negative effects on cellular protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ingo Schwer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Bae GS, Park KC, Koo BS, Choi SB, Jo IJ, Choi CM, Song HJ, Park SJ. The inhibitory effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. BMB Rep 2012; 45:402-7. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.7.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Li M, Liu Y, Shi H, Zhang Y, Wang G, Xu J, Lu J, Zhang D, Xie X, Han D, Wu Y, Li S. Statins inhibit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulation of HO-1 and p21WAF1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:961-8. [PMID: 22820842 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, which has been shown to ameliorate the development of pulmonary hypertension in animal model by suppression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we show that simvastatin dose-dependently inhibited serotonin-stimulated PASMCs proliferation. This was accompanied with the parallel induction of heme oxyganase-1 (HO-1) and upregulation of p21(WAF1). More importantly, we found that Tin-protoporphyrin (SnPP), a selective inhibitor of HO-1, could block the effect of simvastatin on inhibition of cell proliferation in response to serotonin and abolish simvastatin-induced p21(WAF1) expression. The inhibitive effect of simvastatin on cell proliferation was also significantly suppressed by silencing p21(WAF1) with siRNA transfection. The extent of effect of SnPP on inhibition of cell proliferation was similar to that of lack of p21(WAF1) by siRNA transfection. Taken together, our study suggests that simvastatin inhibits PASMCs proliferation by sequential upregulation of HO-1 and p21(WAF1) to benefit pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiang Li
- Respiratory Diseases Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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Lundvig DMS, Immenschuh S, Wagener FADTG. Heme oxygenase, inflammation, and fibrosis: the good, the bad, and the ugly? Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:81. [PMID: 22586396 PMCID: PMC3345581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon injury, prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress may cause pathological wound healing and fibrosis, leading to formation of excessive scar tissue. Fibrogenesis can occur in most organs and tissues and may ultimately lead to organ dysfunction and failure. The underlying mechanisms of pathological wound healing still remain unclear, and are considered to be multifactorial, but so far, no efficient anti-fibrotic therapies exist. Extra- and intracellular levels of free heme may be increased in a variety of pathological conditions due to release from hemoproteins. Free heme possesses pro-inflammatory and oxidative properties, and may act as a danger signal. Effects of free heme may be counteracted by heme-binding proteins or by heme degradation. Heme is degraded by heme oxygenase (HO) that exists as two isoforms: inducible HO-1 and constitutively expressed HO-2. HO generates the effector molecules biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and free iron/ferritin. HO deficiency in mouse and man leads to exaggerated inflammation following mild insults, and accumulating epidemiological and preclinical studies support the widely recognized notion of the cytoprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects of the activity of the HO system and its effector molecules. In this review, we address the potential effects of targeted HO-1 induction or administration of HO-effector molecules as therapeutic targets in fibrotic conditions to counteract inflammatory and oxidative insults. This is exemplified by various clinically relevant conditions, such as hypertrophic scarring, chronic inflammatory liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, and chronic graft rejection in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a crucial role during pancreatic fibrosis development. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently discovered gaseous transmitter, whose role in PSCs has not been explored yet. In the present study, we examined the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, on rat PSCs and elucidated the mechanisms involved. METHODS Primary PSCs were isolated from rat pancreatic tissue. Lactate dehydrogenase and caspase assays were performed to detect cell death. Pancreatic stellate cell proliferation was determined by cell count analyses, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and flow cytometry. The role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was assessed by pharmacological HO inhibition and transfection of HO-1 small interfering RNA. Pancreatic stellate cell migration was determined by a wound healing assay, and PSC contraction was assessed by a gel contraction assay. α-Smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and fibronectin messenger RNAs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS NaHS inhibited PSC proliferation at nontoxic concentrations. This was associated with HO-1-mediated repression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling. NaHS suppressed PSC migration and activation as well as extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that NaHS inhibits key cell functions of PSCs. Administration of H(2)S-releasing compounds might represent a novel strategy in the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Hsu HH, Hu WS, Lin YM, Kuo WW, Chen LM, Chen WK, Hwang JM, Tsai FJ, Liu CJ, Huang CY. JNK suppression is essential for 17β-Estradiol inhibits prostaglandin E2-Induced uPA and MMP-9 expressions and cell migration in human LoVo colon cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:61. [PMID: 21859479 PMCID: PMC3179949 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies demonstrate that the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in women are lower than in men. However, it is unknown if 17β-estradiol treatment is sufficient to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced cellular motility in human colon cancer cells. Methods We analyzed the protein expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the cellular motility in PGE2-stimulated human LoVo cells. 17β-Estradiol and the inhibitors including LY294002 (Akt activation inhibitor), U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK1/2 inhibitor), QNZ (NFκB inhibitor) and ICI 182 780 were further used to explore the inhibitory effects of 17β-estradiol on PGE2-induced LoVo cell motility. Student's t-test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups. Results Upregulation of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) is reported to associate with the development of cancer cell mobility, metastasis, and subsequent malignant tumor. After administration of inhibitors including LY294002, U0126, SB203580, SP600125 or QNZ, we found that PGE2 treatment up-regulated uPA and MMP-9 expression via JNK1/2 signaling pathway, thus promoting cellular motility in human LoVo cancer cells. However, PGE2 treatment showed no effects on regulating expression of tPA, MMP-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, -3 and -4 (TIMP-1, -2, -3 and -4). We further observed that 17β-estradiol treatment inhibited PGE2-induced uPA, MMP-9 and cellular motility by suppressing activation of JNK1/2 in human LoVo cancer cells. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that 17β-estradiol treatment significantly inhibits PGE2-induced motility of human LoVo colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- 1Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vashist YK, Uzungolu G, Kutup A, Gebauer F, Koenig A, Deutsch L, Zehler O, Busch P, Kalinin V, Izbicki JR, Yekebas EF. Heme oxygenase-1 germ line GTn promoter polymorphism is an independent prognosticator of tumor recurrence and survival in pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:305-11. [PMID: 21495030 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) correlates with aggressive tumor behavior and chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer (PC). We evaluated the prognostic value of the basal transcription controlling germ line GTn repeat polymorphism (GTn) in the promoter region of the HO-1 gene in PC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We determined the GTn in 100 controls and 150 PC patients. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes and GTn determined by PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing. Clinicopathological parameters, disease-free, and overall survival (DFS, OS) were correlated with GTn. RESULTS Three genotypes were defined based on short (S) <25 and long (L) ≥25 GTn repeat alleles. In PC patients, a steadily increasing risk was evident between LL, SL, and SS genotype patients for larger tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, poor tumor differentiation and higher recurrence rate (P < 0.001 each). The SS genotype displayed the most aggressive tumor biology. The LL genotype had the best and the SS genotype the worst DFS and OS (P < 0.001 each). The GTn genotype was the strongest prognostic factor for recurrence and survival (P < 0.001 each). CONCLUSION The GTn repeat polymorphism is a strong prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Tsai MS, Weng SH, Kuo YH, Chiu YF, Lin YW. Synergistic effect of curcumin and cisplatin via down-regulation of thymidine phosphorylase and excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1). Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:136-46. [PMID: 21493726 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.071316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a phenolic compound obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is known to have antiproliferative and antitumor properties. Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, is considered an attractive therapeutic target, and its expression could suppress cancer cell death induced by DNA damage agents. Excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) is a protein involved the process of nucleotide excision repair. The ERCC1 gene is expressed at high levels in cancers and has been associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. In this study, the effects of curcumin on TP and ERCC1 expression induced by cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines was investigated. Exposure of the NSCLC cells to various concentrations of curcumin (5-40 μM) down-regulates the mRNA and protein levels of TP and ERCC1 through destabilization of the mRNA and proteins via a mechanism involving inactivation of MKK1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Depletion of endogenous TP or ERCC1 expression by transfection with specific small interfering RNAs significantly decreases cell viability in curcumin-exposed NSCLC cells. Curcumin enhances the sensitivity of cisplatin treatment for NSCLC through inactivation of ERK1/2 and by decreasing the TP and ERCC1 protein levels. Enhancement of ERK1/2 signaling by constitutively active MKK1/2 causes an increase in TP and ERCC1 protein levels and promotes cell viability after cotreatment with curcumin and cisplatin. Enhancement of the cytotoxicity to cisplatin by administration of curcumin is mediated by down-regulation of the expression levels of TP and ERCC1 and by inactivation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shao Tsai
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Rajasekaran SA. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2011; 2:1-14. [PMID: 21607160 PMCID: PMC3097964 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v2.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is derived from the plant Curcuma longa and is the active ingredient of the spice turmeric. The therapeutic activities of curcumin for a wide variety of diseases such as diabetes, allergies, arthritis and other chronic and inflammatory diseases have been known for a long time. More recently, curcumin’s therapeutic potential for preventing and treating various cancers is being recognized. As curcumin’s therapeutic promise is being explored more systematically in various diseases, it has become clear that, due to its increased bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract, curcumin may be particularly suited to be developed to treat gastrointestinal diseases. This review summarizes some of the current literature of curcumin’s anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer potential in inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatic fibrosis and gastrointestinal cancers.
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Dunér S, Lopatko Lindman J, Ansari D, Gundewar C, Andersson R. Pancreatic cancer: the role of pancreatic stellate cells in tumor progression. Pancreatology 2011; 10:673-81. [PMID: 21242706 DOI: 10.1159/000320711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive and highly lethal disease frequently characterized by a dense stromal or desmoplastic response. Accumulating evidence exists that tumor desmoplasia plays a central role in disease progression and that e.g. activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are responsible for the excess matrix production. The mechanisms underlying the tumor versus stroma interplay are complex. Pancreatic cancer cells release mitogenic and fibrogenic stimulants, such as transforming growth factor β(1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), sonic hedgehog, galectin 3, endothelin 1 and serine protease inhibitor nexin 2, all of which may promote the activated PSC phenotype. Stellate cells in turn secrete various factors, including PDGF, stromal-derived factor 1, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, fibroblast growth factor, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, matrix metalloproteinases, small leucine-rich proteoglycans, periostin and collagen type I that mediate effects on tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. This review intends to shed light on the mechanisms by which PSCs in the stroma influence pancreatic cancer development. The increased understanding of this interaction will be of potential value in designing new modalities of targeted therapy. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Dunér
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Vijayan V, Mueller S, Baumgart-Vogt E, Immenschuh S. Heme oxygenase-1 as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3112-9. [PMID: 20593496 PMCID: PMC2896748 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i25.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is the inducible isoform of the first and rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation. HO-1 not only protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis, but has received a great deal of attention in recent years because of its potent anti-inflammatory functions. Studies with HO-1 knockout animal models have led to major advances in the understanding of how HO-1 might regulate inflammatory immune responses, although little is known on the underlying mechanisms. Due to its beneficial effects the targeted induction of this enzyme is considered to have major therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This review discusses current knowledge on the mechanisms that mediate anti-inflammatory protection by HO-1. More specifically, the article deals with the role of HO-1 in the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis. The effects of specific HO-1 modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy in experimental cell culture and animal models of these gastrointestinal disorders are summarized. In conclusion, targeted regulation of HO-1 holds major promise for future clinical interventions in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Li XC, Tong GX, Zhang Y, Liu SX, Jin QH, Chen HH, Chen P. Neferine inhibits angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells through heme oxygenase-1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:679-86. [PMID: 20523338 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effect of neferine on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. METHODS Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) were used. Cell proliferation was determined by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression was tested by Western blot analysis. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation was determined by using immunoblotting. RESULTS Pre-incubation of HUVSMCs with neferine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 micromol/L) significantly inhibited Ang II-induced cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and neferine 5.0 micromol/L increased HO-1 expression by 259% compared with control. The antiproliferative effect of neferine was significantly attenuated by coapplication of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX, an HO-1 inhibitor) with neferine. Ang II-enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was markedly reversed by neferine. By inhibiting HO-1 activity with ZnPP IX, the inhibitive effect of neferine on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly attenuated. Cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer, significantly decreased Ang II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited Ang II-induced cell proliferation. The ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 significantly blocked Ang II-enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that neferine can inhibit Ang II-induced HUVSMC proliferation by upregulating HO-1, leading to the at least partial downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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17beta-estradiol inhibits prostaglandin E2-induced COX-2 expressions and cell migration by suppressing Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human LoVo colon cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 342:63-70. [PMID: 20446020 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in women are lower than in men. However, it is unknown if 17beta-estradiol treatment is sufficient to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced cellular motility in human colon cancer cells. Upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is reported to associate with the development of cancer cell mobility, metastasis, and subsequent malignant tumor. After administration of inhibitors including LY294002 (Akt activation inhibitor), U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK1/2 inhibitor), or QNZ (NFkappaB inhibitor), we found that PGE2 treatment increases COX-2 via Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, thus promoting cellular motility in human LoVo cancer cells. We further observed that 17beta-estradiol treatment inhibits PGE2-induced COX-2 expression and cellular motility via suppressing activation of Akt and ERK1/2 in human LoVo cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that 17beta-estradiol treatment dramatically inhibits PGE2-induced progression of human LoVo colon cancer cells.
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Schwer CI, Mutschler M, Stoll P, Goebel U, Humar M, Hoetzel A, Schmidt R. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 inhibits pancreatic stellate cell proliferation by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:660-9. [PMID: 20053955 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.059519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a cardinal role during fibrosis development. Therefore, the suppression of PSC growth represents a therapeutic option for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis. It has been shown that up-regulation of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could exert antiproliferative effects on PSCs, but no information is available on the possible role of carbon monoxide (CO), a catalytic byproduct of the HO metabolism, in this process. In the present study, we have examined the effect of CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) liberated CO on PSC proliferation and have elucidated the mechanisms involved. Using primary rat PSCs, we found that CORM-2 inhibited PSC proliferation at nontoxic concentrations by arresting cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. This effect was associated with activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, induction of HO-1 protein, and up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1). The p38 MAPK inhibitor 4-(4-flurophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole (SB203580) abolished the inhibitory effect of CORM-2 on PSC proliferation and prevented both CORM-2-induced HO-1 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) up-regulation. Treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX, an HO inhibitor, or transfection of HO-1 small interfering RNA abolished the inductive effect of CORM-2 on p21(Waf1/Cip1) and reversed the suppressive effect of CORM-2 on PSC growth. The ability of CORM-2 to induce cell cycle arrest was abrogated in p21(Waf1/Cip1)-silenced cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CORM-2 inhibits PSC proliferation by activation of the p38/HO-1 pathway. These findings may indicate a therapeutic potential of CO carriers in the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian I Schwer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Kim JE, Kang YJ, Lee KY, Choi HC. Isoproterenol inhibits angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation and reactive oxygen species production in vascular smooth muscle cells through heme oxygenase-1. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1047-52. [PMID: 19483313 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a well-known cytoprotectant against oxidative stress and exhibits an antiproliferative effect in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The purpose of the present study was to test whether isoproterenol, one of the synthetic catecholamines having beta-adrenergic activity, affected angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, the presumptive underlying signaling pathways in VSMCs were studied. Aortic VSMCs from 11-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Isoproterenol dose-dependently increased HO-1 expression through beta(2)-adrenoceptor (AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, and isoproterenol concentration-dependently increased beta(2)-AR mRNA expression. Isoproterenol attenuated Ang II-induced cell proliferation, as evidenced by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. This effect of isoproterenol was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with beta(2)-AR antagonist butoxamine, PKA inhibitor H-89 and HO inhibitor Tin Protoporphyrin IX (SnPP IX), respectively. Isoproterenol inhibited phosphorylation level of Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Isoproterenol significantly inhibited Ang II-induced ROS production through the ERK1/2 pathway. These findings suggest that isoproterenol, via induction of HO-1, inhibits Ang II-stimulated proliferation and ROS production in cultured VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Takagi T, Naito Y, Okada H, Ishii T, Mizushima K, Akagiri S, Adachi S, Handa O, Kokura S, Ichikawa H, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Matsui H, Yoshikawa T. Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, mediates anti-inflammatory effect in gastric mucosal cells through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and oxidation of kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:255-64. [PMID: 19628634 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.152702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression has been associated with cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved. In this study, we investigate the role of transcriptional NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), its phosphorylation/activation, and oxidation of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1) in lansoprazole-induced HO-1 up-regulation using cultured gastric epithelial cells (rat gastric mucosal cell line, RGM-1). HO-1 expression of RGM-1 cells was markedly enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner by the treatment with lansoprazole, and this up-regulation of HO-1 contributed to the inhibition of chemokine production from stimulated RGM-1 cells. Transfection of Nrf2-siRNA suppressed the lansoprazole-induced HO-1. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed increases in the nuclear translocation and stress-response elements (StRE) binding activity of Nrf2 proteins in RGM-1 cells treated with lansoprazole. Furthermore, in RGM-1 cells transfected with HO-1 enhancer luciferase reporter plasmid containing mutant StRE, lansoprazole-induced HO-1 reporter gene activity was diminished. Lansoprazole promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and lansoprazole-induced HO-1 up-regulation was suppressed by U0126, an ERK-specific inhibitor. Phosphorylated Nrf2 protein was detected in the phosphoprotein fraction purified by a Pro-Q Diamond Phosphoprotein Enrichment kit. Finally, an oxidative form of the Keap1 protein was detected in lansoprazole-treated RGM-1 cells by analyzing S-oxidized proteins using biotinylated cysteine as a molecular probe. These results indicate that lansoprazole up-regulates HO-1 expression in rat gastric epithelial cells, and the up-regulated HO-1 contributes to the anti-inflammatory effects of the drug. Phosphorylation of ERK and Nrf2, activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and oxidation of Keap1 are all involved in the lansoprazole-induced HO-1 up-regulation.
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Qiang H, Xu HJ, Zhou GX, Huang JF, Huang H, Zhang H. Expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in hepatic fibrosis and its correlation with collagen type I and III. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:770-774. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i8.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of ERK during the development of hepatic fibrosis and the correlation of ERK and I, III collagens.
METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of DMN. Rats were killed for study at the end of first, second, third weeks and the clinical operative liver samples were collected. The development expression and location of the ERK in the hepatic tissue and the correlation of ERK with collagen I, III were assessed by means of immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The expression of ERK was increased and was closely correlated with that of collagen I and III during the development of rat fibrosis at every time point (1 wk: r = 0.75, 0.68, P < 0.05; 2 wk: r = 0.82, 0.78, P < 0.05; 3 wk: r = 0.74, 0.83, P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression of ERK was enhanced in human fibrotic tissues (1.068 ± 0.258 vs 0.035 ± 0.011, P < 0.05), which was correlated with that of collagen I and III (r = 0.87, 0.88, all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The ERK signal pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.
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