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Yao Y, Muench M, Alle T, Zhang B, Lucero B, Perez‐Tremble R, McGrosso D, Newman M, Gonzalez DJ, Lee VM, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. A small-molecule microtubule-stabilizing agent safely reduces Aβ plaque and tau pathology in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4540-4558. [PMID: 38884283 PMCID: PMC11247666 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraneuronal inclusions composed of tau protein are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Tau normally binds microtubules (MTs), and its disengagement from MTs and misfolding in AD is thought to result in MT abnormalities. We previously identified triazolopyrimidine-containing MT-stabilizing compounds that provided benefit in AD mouse models and herein describe the characterization and efficacy testing of an optimized candidate, CNDR-51997. METHODS CNDR-51997 underwent pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety pharmacology, and mouse tolerability testing. In addition, the compound was examined for efficacy in 5XFAD amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque mice and PS19 tauopathy mice. RESULTS CNDR-51997 significantly reduced Aβ plaques in 5XFAD mice and tau pathology in PS19 mice, with the latter also showing attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis. CNDR-51997 was well tolerated at doses that exceeded efficacy doses, with a good safety pharmacology profile. DISCUSSION CNDR-51997 may be a candidate for advancement as a potential therapeutic agent for AD and/or other tauopathies. Highlights There is evidence of microtubule alterations (MT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and in mouse models of AD pathology. Intermittent dosing with an optimized, brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing small-molecule, CNDR-51997, reduced both Aβ plaque and tau inclusion pathology in established mouse models of AD. CNDR-51997 attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis in a tauopathy mouse model, with a strong trend toward reduced hippocampal neuron loss. CNDR-51997 is well tolerated in mice at doses that are meaningfully greater than required for efficacy in AD mouse models, and the compound has a good safety pharmacology profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Megan Muench
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thibault Alle
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roxanne Perez‐Tremble
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dominic McGrosso
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mira Newman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Virginia M.‐Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Lucero B, Francisco KR, Varricchio C, Liu LJ, Yao Y, Brancale A, Brunden KR, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of An Anti-trypanosomal [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Probe for Photoaffinity Labeling Studies. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300656. [PMID: 38277231 PMCID: PMC11031298 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Studies have shown that depending on the substitution pattern, microtubule (MT)-targeting 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPDs) can produce different cellular responses in mammalian cells that may be due to these compounds interacting with distinct binding sites within the MT structure. Selected TPDs are also potently bioactive against the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma brucei, both in vitro and in vivo. So far, however, there has been no direct evidence of tubulin engagement by these TPDs in T. brucei. Therefore, to enable further investigation of anti-trypanosomal TPDs, a TPD derivative amenable to photoaffinity labeling (PAL) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in PAL experiments using HEK293 cells and T. brucei. The data arising confirmed specific labeling of T. brucei tubulin. In addition, proteomic data revealed differences in the labeling profiles of tubulin between HEK293 and T. brucei, suggesting structural differences between the TPD binding site(s) in mammalian and trypanosomal tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF103NB, U.K
| | - Lawrence J Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Vysoká Škola Chemicko-Technologická v Praze, Department of Organic Chemistry, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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3
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Xu H, Qiu Q, Hu P, Hoxha K, Jang E, O'Reilly M, Kim C, He Z, Marotta N, Changolkar L, Zhang B, Wu H, Schellenberg GD, Kraemer B, Luk KC, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, Brunden KR, Lee VMY. MSUT2 regulates tau spreading via adenosinergic signaling mediated ASAP1 pathway in neurons. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:55. [PMID: 38472475 PMCID: PMC10933148 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Inclusions comprised of microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) are implicated in a group of neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies, that include Alzheimer's disease (AD). The spreading of misfolded tau "seeds" along neuronal networks is thought to play a crucial role in the progression of tau pathology. Consequently, restricting the release or uptake of tau seeds may inhibit the spread of tau pathology and potentially halt the advancement of the disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Mammalian Suppressor of Tauopathy 2 (MSUT2), an RNA binding protein, modulates tau pathogenesis in a transgenic mouse model. In this study, we investigated the impact of MSUT2 on tau pathogenesis using tau seeding models. Our findings indicate that the loss of MSUT2 mitigates human tau seed-induced pathology in neuron cultures and mouse models. In addition, MSUT2 regulates many gene transcripts, including the Adenosine Receptor 1 (A1AR), and we show that down regulation or inhibition of A1AR modulates the activity of the "ArfGAP with SH3 Domain, Ankyrin Repeat, and PH Domain 1 protein" (ASAP1), thereby influencing the internalization of pathogenic tau seeds into neurons resulting in reduction of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevt'her Hoxha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elliot Jang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia O'Reilly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuohao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nicholas Marotta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Changolkar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Kraemer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Khudina OG, Grishchenko MV, Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Rudakova EV, Lushchekina SV, Shchegolkov EV, Borisevich SS, Burgart YV, Saloutin VI, Charushin VN. Conjugates of amiridine and thiouracil derivatives as effective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase with the potential to block β-amyloid aggregation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300447. [PMID: 38072670 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
New amiridine-thiouracil conjugates with different substituents in the pyrimidine fragment (R = CH3 , CF2 Н, CF3 , (CF2 )2 H) and different spacer lengths (n = 1-3) were synthesized. The conjugates rather weakly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and exhibit high inhibitory activity (IC50 up to 0.752 ± 0.021 µM) and selectivity to butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which increases with spacer elongation; the lead compounds are 11c, 12c, and 13c. The conjugates are mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and practically do not inhibit the structurally related off-target enzyme carboxylesterase. The results of molecular docking to AChE and BChE are consistent with the experiment on enzyme inhibition and explain the structure-activity relationships, including the rather low anti-AChE activity and the high anti-BChE activity of long-chain conjugates. The lead compounds displace propidium from the AChE peripheral anion site (PAS) at the level of the reference compound donepezil, which agrees with the mixed-type mechanism of AChE inhibition and the main mode of binding of conjugates in the active site of AChE due to the interaction of the pyrimidine moiety with the PAS. This indicates the ability of the studied conjugates to block AChE-induced aggregation of β-amyloid, thereby exerting a disease-modifying effect. According to computer calculations, all synthesized conjugates have an ADME profile acceptable for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G Khudina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria V Grishchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry (IPAC RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sophia S Borisevich
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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5
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Bai P, Yan W, Yang J. Cevipabulin induced abnormal tubulin protofilaments polymerization by binding to Vinblastine site and The Seventh site. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 38050908 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules, composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, are crucial targets for chemotherapeutic agents and possess eight binding sites. Our previous study identified cevipabulin as the only one agent capable of simultaneously binding to two different sites (Vinblastine site and The Seventh site). Binding to The Seventh site by cevipabulin induces tubulin degradation. This study aimed to investigate whether it is binding to the Vinblastine site and The Seventh site exhibited an interactive cellular effect. Surprisingly, we discovered that cevipabulin induced abnormal tubulin protofilaments polymerization, a previously undefined tubulin morphology, and we proved it was an interactive effect of Cevipabulin's binding to both Vinblastine site and The Seventh site. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy confirmed cevipabulin induced the formation of linear tubulin protofilaments and their subsequent aggregation into irregular tubulin aggregates. Competition binding assays and the αY224G mutation revealed that binding of cevipabulin to both sites was necessary for the tubulin protofilaments polymerization effect. Moreover, we found that co-treatment with a microtubule stabilization agent binding the Vinblastine site and a microtubule destabilization agent binding at the intra-dimer interface of tubulin could also induce similar tubulin protofilaments polymerization. We proposed a mechanism where a microtubule stabilization agent on the Vinblastine site enhances longitudinal interactions between tubulin dimers, while, a microtubule destabilization agent binding at the intra-dimer interface prevents the adoption of a straight conformation of the tubulin dimer and disrupts lateral interactions between tubulins, consequently leading to tubulin protofilaments polymerization. This study reported a new inhibitor-induced-tubulin-morphology-change and would provide insight into tubulin dynamic instability and also guide further study of cevipabulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Wen J, Wang Q, Zhang W, Wang W. TUBA1A licenses APC/C-mediated mitotic progression to drive glioblastoma growth by inhibiting PLK3. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:3072-3086. [PMID: 37873730 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, aggressive, and chemorefractory primary brain tumor in adults. Identifying novel drug targets is crucial for GBM treatment. Here, we demonstrate that tubulin alpha 1a (TUBA1A) is significantly upregulated in GBM compared to low-grade gliomas (LGG) and normal tissues. High TUBA1A expression is associated with poor survival in GBM patients. TUBA1A knockdown results in mitotic arrest and reduces tumor growth in mice. TUBA1A interacts with the polo-like kinase 3 (PLK3) in the cytoplasm to inhibit its activation. This interaction licenses activation of the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) to ensure proper Foxm1-mediated metaphase-to-anaphase transition and mitotic exit. Overall, our findings demonstrate that targeting TUBA1A attenuates GBM cell growth by suppressing mitotic progression in a PLK3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuke Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Bhoopal B, Gollapelli KK, Damuka N, Miller M, Krizan I, Bansode A, Register T, Frye BM, Kim J, Mintz A, Orr M, Craft S, Whitlow C, Lockhart SN, Shively CA, Solingapuram Sai KK. Preliminary PET Imaging of Microtubule-Based PET Radioligand [ 11C]MPC-6827 in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3745-3751. [PMID: 37724996 PMCID: PMC10966409 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) instability observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly attributed to hyperphosphorylation of the MT-associated protein, tau. In vivo PET imaging offers an opportunity to gain critical information about MT changes with the onset and development of AD and related dementia. We developed the first brain-penetrant MT PET ligand, [11C]MPC-6827, and evaluated its in vivo imaging utility in vervet monkeys. Consistent with our previous in vitro cell uptake and in vivo rodent imaging experiments, [11C]MPC-6827 uptake increased with MT destabilization. Radioactive uptake was inversely related to (cerebrospinal fluid) CSF Aβ42 levels and directly related to age in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of AD. Additionally, in vitro autoradiography studies also corroborated PET imaging results. Here, we report the preliminary results of PET imaging with [11C]MPC-6827 in four female vervet monkeys with high or low CSF Aβ42 levels, which have been shown to correlate with the Aβ plaque burden, similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanachandra Bhoopal
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Krishna Kumar Gollapelli
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Avinash Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Thomas Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Jeongchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Miranda Orr
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Christopher Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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8
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Monti L, Liu LJ, Varricchio C, Lucero B, Alle T, Yang W, Bem-Shalom I, Gilson M, Brunden KR, Brancale A, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Structure-Activity Relationships, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microtubule-Active 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as Potential Candidates to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300193. [PMID: 37429821 PMCID: PMC10615688 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are potential protein targets to treat parasitic infections and our previous studies have shown that the triazolopyrimidine (TPD) class of MT-active compounds hold promise as antitrypanosomal agents. MT-targeting TPDs include structurally related but functionally diverse congeners that interact with mammalian tubulin at either one or two distinct interfacial binding sites; namely, the seventh and vinca sites, which are found within or between α,β-tubulin heterodimers, respectively. Evaluation of the activity of 123 TPD congeners against cultured Trypanosoma brucei enabled a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the prioritization of two congeners for in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and efficacy studies. Treatment of T. brucei-infected mice with tolerable doses of TPDs significantly decreased blood parasitemia within 24 h. Further, two once-weekly doses at 10 mg/kg of a candidate TPD significantly extended the survival of infected mice relative to infected animals treated with vehicle. Further optimization of dosing and/or the dosing schedule of these CNS-active TPDs may provide alternative treatments for human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Monti
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Present affiliation: Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Lawrence J Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF103NB, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thibault Alle
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ido Bem-Shalom
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gilson
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF103NB, Cardiff, UK
- Present affiliation: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Department of Organic Chemistry, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Zhang C, Zhao M, Wang G, Li Y. Recent Progress on Microtubule Degradation Agents. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13354-13368. [PMID: 37748178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as the most promising approach for the specific knockdown of disease-associated proteins and is achieved by exploiting the cellular quality control machinery. TPD technologies are highly advantageous in overcoming drug resistance as they degrade the whole target protein. Microtubules play important roles in many cellular processes and are among the oldest and most well-established targets for tumor chemotherapy. However, the development of drug resistance, risk of hypersensitivity reactions, and intolerable toxicities severely restrict the clinical applications of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule degradation agents (MDgAs) operate via completely different mechanisms compared with traditional MTAs and are capable of overcoming drug resistance. The emergence of MDgAs has expanded the scope of TPD and provided new avenues for the discovery of tubulin-targeted drugs. Herein, we summarized the development of MDgAs, and discussed their degradation mechanisms, mechanisms of action on the binding sites, potential opportunities, and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufeng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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10
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Zhang YF, Huang J, Zhang WX, Liu YH, Wang X, Song J, Jin CY, Zhang SY. Tubulin degradation: Principles, agents, and applications. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106684. [PMID: 37356337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule system plays an important role in the mitosis and growth of eukaryotic cells, and it is considered as an appealing and highly successful molecular target for cancer treatment. In fact, microtubule targeting agents, such as paclitaxel and vinblastine, have been approved by FDA for tumor therapy, which have achieved significant therapeutic effects and sales performance. At present, microtubule targeting agents mainly include microtubule-destabilizing agents, microtubule-stabilizing agents, and a few tubulin degradation agents. Although there are few reports about tubulin degradation agents at present, tubulin degradation agents show great potential in overcoming multidrug resistance and reducing neurotoxicity. In addition, some natural drugs could specifically degrade tubulin in tumor cells, but have no effect in normal cells, thus showing a good biosafety profile. Therefore, tubulin degradation agents might exhibit a better application. Currently, some small molecules have been designed to promote tubulin degradation with potent antiproliferative activities, showing the potential for cancer treatment. In this work, we reviewed the reports on tubulin degradation, and focused on the degradation mechanism and important functional groups of chemically synthesized compounds, hoping to provide help for the degradation design of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yun-He Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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11
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Zhao X, Zeng W, Xu H, Sun Z, Hu Y, Peng B, McBride JD, Duan J, Deng J, Zhang B, Kim SJ, Zoll B, Saito T, Sasaguri H, Saido TC, Ballatore C, Yao H, Wang Z, Trojanowski JQ, Brunden KR, Lee VMY, He Z. A microtubule stabilizer ameliorates protein pathogenesis and neurodegeneration in mouse models of repetitive traumatic brain injury. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo6889. [PMID: 37703352 PMCID: PMC10787216 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Tau pathogenesis is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the events leading to initial tau misfolding and subsequent tau spreading in patient brains are largely unknown, traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a risk factor for tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Using a repetitive TBI (rTBI) paradigm, we report that rTBI induced somatic accumulation of phosphorylated and misfolded tau, as well as neurodegeneration across multiple brain areas in 7-month-old tau transgenic PS19 mice but not wild-type (WT) mice. rTBI accelerated somatic tau pathology in younger PS19 mice and WT mice only after inoculation with tau preformed fibrils and AD brain-derived pathological tau (AD-tau), respectively, suggesting that tau seeds are needed for rTBI-induced somatic tau pathology. rTBI further disrupted axonal microtubules and induced punctate tau and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in the optic tracts of WT mice. These changes in the optic tract were associated with a decline of visual function. Treatment with a brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing molecule reduced rTBI-induced tau, TDP-43 pathogenesis, and neurodegeneration in the optic tract as well as visual dysfunction. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer also alleviated rTBI-induced tau pathology in the cortices of AD-tau-inoculated WT mice. These results indicate that rTBI facilitates abnormal microtubule organization, pathological tau formation, and neurodegeneration and suggest microtubule stabilization as a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zihan Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beibei Peng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jennifer D McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiangtao Duan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bryan Zoll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haishan Yao
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhuohao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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12
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Iwanski MK, Kapitein LC. Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1052245. [PMID: 37035244 PMCID: PMC10073685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1052245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature of microtubules is quintessential for their function, allowing them to serve as tracks for long-distance, directed intracellular transport by kinesin and dynein motors. Most of these motors move exclusively towards either the plus- or minus-end of a microtubule and some have been shown to have a preference for either dynamic or stable microtubules, those bearing a particular post-translational modification or those decorated by a specific microtubule-associated protein. Thus, it becomes important to consider the interplay of these features and their combinatorial effects on transport, as well as how different types of microtubules are organized in the cell. Here, we discuss microtubule subsets in terms of tubulin isotypes, tubulin post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule stability or dynamicity, and microtubule orientation. We highlight techniques used to study these features of the microtubule cytoskeleton and, using the information from these studies, try to define the composition, role, and organization of some of these subsets in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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Monti L, Liu LJ, Varricchio C, Lucero B, Alle T, Yang W, Bem-Shalom I, Gilson M, Brunden KR, Brancale A, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Structure-Activity Relationships, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microtubule-Active 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidines as Potential Candidates to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.11.532093. [PMID: 36945407 PMCID: PMC10028969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.11.532093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are potential protein targets to treat parasitic infections and our previous studies have shown that the triazolopyrimidine (TPD) class of MT- active compounds hold promise as antitrypanosomal agents. MT-targeting TPDs include structurally related but functionally diverse congeners that interact with mammalian tubulin at either one or two distinct interfacial binding sites; namely, the seventh and vinca sites, which are found within or between α,β-tubulin heterodimers, respectively. Evaluation of the activity of 123 TPD congeners against cultured Trypanosoma brucei enabled a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the prioritization of two congeners for in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and efficacy studies. Treatment of T. brucei -infected mice with tolerable doses of TPDs 3 and 4 significantly decreased blood parasitemia within 24 h. Further, two once-weekly doses of 4 at 10 mg/kg significantly extended the survival of infected mice relative to infected animals treated with vehicle. Further optimization of dosing and/or the dosing schedule of these CNS-active TPDs may provide alternative treatments for human African trypanosomiasis.
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14
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Dai XJ, Xue LP, Ji SK, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zheng YC, Liu HM, Liu HM. Triazole-fused pyrimidines in target-based anticancer drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115101. [PMID: 36724635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of targeted drugs has featured prominently in the treatment of cancer, which is among the major causes of mortality globally. Triazole-fused pyrimidines, a widely-used class of heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents that target various cancer-associated targets in recent years, demonstrating them as valuable templates for discovering novel anticancer candidates. The current review concentrates on the latest advancements of triazole-pyrimidines as target-based anticancer agents, including works published between 2007 and the present (2007-2022). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and multiple pathways are also reviewed to shed light on the development of more effective and biotargeted anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei-Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
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15
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Alle T, Varricchio C, Yao Y, Lucero B, Nzou G, Demuro S, Muench M, Vuong KD, Oukoloff K, Cornec AS, Francisco KR, Caffrey CR, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brancale A, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Microtubule-Stabilizing 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines as Candidate Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disease: Matched Molecular Pair Analyses and Computational Studies Reveal New Structure-Activity Insights. J Med Chem 2023; 66:435-459. [PMID: 36534051 PMCID: PMC9841533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-stabilizing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPDs) hold promise as candidate therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, depending on the choice of substituents around the TPD core, these compounds can elicit markedly different cellular phenotypes that likely arise from the interaction of TPD congeners with either one or two spatially distinct binding sites within tubulin heterodimers (i.e., the seventh site and the vinca site). In the present study, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of new TPD congeners, as well as matched molecular pair analyses and computational studies, that further elucidate the structure-activity relationships of MT-active TPDs. These studies led to the identification of novel MT-normalizing TPD candidates that exhibit favorable ADME-PK, including brain penetration and oral bioavailability, as well as brain pharmacodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Alle
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K.
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stefania Demuro
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Megan Muench
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Khoa D. Vuong
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Karol R. Francisco
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K.
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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16
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Discovery of N-benzylarylamide derivatives as novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors capable of activating the Hippo pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114583. [PMID: 35834904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel N-benzylarylamide saderivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antiproliferative activities were explored. Some of 51 target compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against MGC-803, HCT-116 and KYSE450 cells with IC50 values in two-digit nanomolar. Compound I-33 (MY-875) displayed the most potent antiproliferative activities against MGC-803, HCT-116 and KYSE450 cells (IC50 = 0.027, 0.055 and 0.067 μM, respectively) and possessed IC50 values ranging from 0.025 to 0.094 μM against other 11 cancer cell lines. Further mechanism studies indicated that compound I-33 (MY-875) inhibited tubulin polymerization (IC50 = 0.92 μM) by targeting the colchicine bingding site of tubulin. Compound I-33 (MY-875) disrupted the construction of the microtubule networks and affected the mitosis in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells. In addition, although it acted as a colchicine binding site inhibitor, compound I-33 (MY-875) also activated the Hippo pathway to promote the phosphorylation status of MST and LATS, resulting in the YAP degradation in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells. Due to the degradation of YAP, the expression levels of TAZ and Axl decreased. Because of the dual actions on colchicine binding site and Hippo pathway, compound I-33 (MY-875) dose-dependently inhibited cell colony formatting ability, arrested cells at the G2/M phase and induced cells apoptosis in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells. Moreover, compound I-33 (MY-875) could regulate the levels of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory proteins in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis suggested that the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions made compound I-33 (MY-875) well bind into the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Collectively, compound I-33 (MY-875) is a novel anti-gastric cancer agent and deserves to be further investigated for cancer therapy by targeting the colchicine binding site of tubulin and activating the Hippo pathway.
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17
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Alpízar-Pedraza D, Veulens ADLN, Araujo EC, Piloto-Ferrer J, Sánchez-Lamar Á. Microtubules destabilizing agents binding sites in tubulin. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Osorio C, Sfera A, Anton JJ, Thomas KG, Andronescu CV, Li E, Yahia RW, Avalos AG, Kozlakidis Z. Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:845580. [PMID: 35531328 PMCID: PMC9070112 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.845580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of epidemiological and research data has associated neurotropic viruses with accelerated brain aging and increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Many viruses replicate optimally in senescent cells, as they offer a hospitable microenvironment with persistently elevated cytosolic calcium, abundant intracellular iron, and low interferon type I. As cell-cell fusion is a major driver of cellular senescence, many viruses have developed the ability to promote this phenotype by forming syncytia. Cell-cell fusion is associated with immunosuppression mediated by phosphatidylserine externalization that enable viruses to evade host defenses. In hosts, virus-induced immune dysfunction and premature cellular senescence may predispose to neurodegenerative disorders. This concept is supported by novel studies that found postinfectious cognitive dysfunction in several viral illnesses, including human immunodeficiency virus-1, herpes simplex virus-1, and SARS-CoV-2. Virus-induced pathological syncytia may provide a unified framework for conceptualizing neuronal cell cycle reentry, aneuploidy, somatic mosaicism, viral spreading of pathological Tau and elimination of viable synapses and neurons by neurotoxic astrocytes and microglia. In this narrative review, we take a closer look at cell-cell fusion and vesicular merger in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. We present a "decentralized" information processing model that conceptualizes neurodegeneration as a systemic illness, triggered by cytoskeletal pathology. We also discuss strategies for reversing cell-cell fusion, including, TMEM16F inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, senolytics, and tubulin stabilizing agents. Finally, going beyond neurodegeneration, we examine the potential benefit of harnessing fusion as a therapeutic strategy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Anton
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Karina G. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Christina V. Andronescu
- Medical Anthropology – Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Erica Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Rayan W. Yahia
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Andrea García Avalos
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina Campus, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Damuka N, Martin TJ, Bansode AH, Krizan I, Martin CW, Miller M, Whitlow CT, Nader MA, Solingapuram Sai KK. Initial Evaluations of the Microtubule-Based PET Radiotracer, [11C]MPC-6827 in a Rodent Model of Cocaine Abuse. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:817274. [PMID: 35295607 PMCID: PMC8918945 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.817274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeMicrotubules (MTs) are structural units made of α and β tubulin subunits in the cytoskeleton responsible for axonal transport, information processing, and signaling mechanisms—critical for healthy brain function. Chronic cocaine exposure affects the function, organization, and stability of MTs in the brain, thereby impairing overall neurochemical and cognitive processes. At present, we have no reliable, non-invasive methods to image MTs for cocaine use disorder (CUD). Recently we reported the effect of cocaine in patient-derived neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Here we report preliminary results of a potential imaging biomarker of CUD using the brain penetrant MT-based radiotracer, [11C]MPC-6827, in an established rodent model of cocaine self-administration (SA).MethodsCell uptake studies were performed with [11C]MPC-6827 in SH-SY5Y cells, treated with or without cocaine (n = 6/group) at 30 and 60 min incubations. MicroPET/CT brain scans were performed in rats at baseline and 35 days after cocaine self-administration and compared with saline-treated rats as controls (n = 4/sex). Whole-body post-PET biodistribution, plasma metabolite assay, and brain autoradiography were performed in the same rats from imaging.ResultsCocaine-treated SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated a ∼26(±4)% decrease in radioactive uptake compared to non-treated controls. Both microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution results showed lower (∼35 ± 3%) [11C]MPC-6827 brain uptake in rats that had a history of cocaine self-administration compared to the saline-treated controls. Plasma metabolite assays demonstrate the stability (≥95%) of the radiotracer in both groups. In vitro autoradiography also demonstrated lower radioactive uptake in cocaine rats compared to the control rats. [11C]MPC-6827’s in vitro SH-SY5Y neuronal cell uptake, in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and in vitro autoradiography results corroborated well with each other, demonstrating decreased radioactive brain uptake in cocaine self-administered rats versus controls. There were no significant differences either in cocaine intake or in [11C]MPC-6827 uptake between the male and female rats.ConclusionsThis project is the first to validate in vivo imaging of the MT-associations with CUD in a rodent model. Our initial observations suggest that [11C]MPC-6827 uptake decreases in cocaine self-administered rats and that it may selectively bind to destabilized tubulin units in the brain. Further longitudinal studies correlating cocaine intake with [11C]MPC-6827 PET brain measures could potentially establish the MT scaffold as an imaging biomarker for CUD, providing researchers and clinicians with a sensitive tool to better understand the biological underpinnings of CUD and tailor new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Conner W. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai,
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20
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Yan W, Zhang C, Yang Z, Bai P, Tang M, Shi M, He W, Fu S, Liu J, Han K, Li J, Xie L, Ye H, Yang J, Chen L. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of N-Substituted 3-Amino-β-Carboline Derivatives as Potent αβ-Tubulin Degradation Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2675-2693. [PMID: 35084853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
So far, relatively few small molecules have been reported to promote tubulin degradation. Our previous studies have found that compound 2, a noncovalent colchicine-site ligand, was capable of promoting αβ-tubulin degradation. To further improve its antiproliferative activity, 66 derivatives or analogues of 2 were designed and synthesized based on 2-tubulin cocrystal structure. Among them, 12b displayed nanomolar potency against a variety of tumor cells, including paclitaxel- and adriamycin-resistant cell lines. 12b binds to the colchicine site and promotes αβ-tubulin degradation in a concentration-dependent manner via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The X-ray crystal structure revealed that 12b binds in a similar manner as 2, but there is a slight conformation change of the B ring, which resulted in better interaction of 12b with surrounding residues. 12b effectively suppressed tumor growth at an i.v. dose of 40 mg/kg (3 times a week) on both A2780S (paclitaxel-sensitive) and A2780T (paclitaxel-resistant) ovarian xenograft models, with respective TGIs of 92.42 and 79.75% without obvious side effects, supporting its potential utility as a tumor-therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zejiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Suhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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21
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Wadwale NB, Prasad D, Jadhav AH, Karad AR, Khansole GS, Choudhare SS, Navhate SV, Bhosale VN. Synthetic Development and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Imino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile and Its Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Felicetti T, Pismataro MC, Cecchetti V, Tabarrini O, Massari S. Triazolopyrimidine Nuclei: Privileged Scaffolds for Developing Antiviral Agents with a Proper Pharmacokinetic Profile. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1379-1407. [PMID: 34042030 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210526120534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are a continuing threat to global health. The lack or limited therapeutic armamentarium against some viral infections and increasing drug resistance issues make the search for new antiviral agents urgent. In recent years, a growing literature highlighted the use of triazolopyrimidine (TZP) heterocycles in the development of antiviral agents, with numerous compounds that showed potent antiviral activities against different RNA and DNA viruses. TZP core represents a privileged scaffold for achieving biologically active molecules, thanks to: i) the synthetic feasibility that allows to variously functionalize TZPs in the different positions of the nucleus, ii) the ability of TZP core to establish multiple interactions with the molecular target, and iii) its favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In the present review, after mentioning selected examples of TZP-based compounds with varied biological activities, we will focus on those antivirals that appeared in the literature in the last 10 years. Approaches used for their identification, the hit-to-lead studies, and the emerged structure-activity relationship will be described. A mention of the synthetic methodologies to prepare TZP nuclei will also be given. In addition, their mechanism of action, the binding mode within the biological target, and pharmacokinetic properties will be analyzed, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of compounds based on the TZP scaffold, which is increasingly used in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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23
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Yang J, Yu Y, Li Y, Yan W, Ye H, Niu L, Tang M, Wang Z, Yang Z, Pei H, Wei H, Zhao M, Wen J, Yang L, Ouyang L, Wei Y, Chen Q, Li W, Chen L. Cevipabulin-tubulin complex reveals a novel agent binding site on α-tubulin with tubulin degradation effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/21/eabg4168. [PMID: 34138737 PMCID: PMC8133757 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules, composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, have remained popular anticancer targets for decades. Six known binding sites on tubulin dimers have been identified thus far, with five sites on β-tubulin and only one site on α-tubulin, hinting that compounds binding to α-tubulin are less well characterized. Cevipabulin, a microtubule-active antitumor clinical candidate, is widely accepted as a microtubule-stabilizing agent by binding to the vinblastine site. Our x-ray crystallography study reveals that, in addition to binding to the vinblastine site, cevipabulin also binds to a new site on α-tubulin. We find that cevipabulin at this site pushes the αT5 loop outward, making the nonexchangeable GTP exchangeable, which reduces the stability of tubulin, leading to its destabilization and degradation. Our results confirm the existence of a new agent binding site on α-tubulin and shed light on the development of tubulin degraders as a new generation of antimicrotubule drugs targeting this novel site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yamei Yu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Niu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heying Pei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoche Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaolin Wen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Monti L, Cornec AS, Oukoloff K, Kovalevich J, Prijs K, Alle T, Brunden KR, Smith AB, El-Sakkary N, Liu LJ, Syed A, Skinner DE, Ballatore C, Caffrey CR. Congeners Derived from Microtubule-Active Phenylpyrimidines Produce a Potent and Long-Lasting Paralysis of Schistosoma mansoni In Vitro. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1089-1103. [PMID: 33135408 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects approximately 200 million people in developing countries. Current treatment relies on just one partially effective drug, and new drugs are needed. Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are essential constituents of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and considered potential drug targets to treat parasitic infections. The α- and β-tubulin of Schistosoma mansoni have ∼96% and ∼91% sequence identity to their respective human tubulins, suggesting that compounds which bind mammalian tubulin may interfere with MT-mediated functions in the parasite. To explore the potential of different classes of tubulin-binding molecules as antischistosomal leads, we completed a series of in vitro whole-organism screens of a target-based compound library against S. mansoni adults and somules (postinfective larvae), and identified multiple biologically active compounds, among which phenylpyrimidines were the most promising. Further structure-activity relationship studies of these hits identified a series of thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidine congeners, which induce a potent and long-lasting paralysis of the parasite. Moreover, compared to the originating compounds, which showed cytotoxicity values in the low nanomolar range, these new derivatives were 1-4 orders of magnitude less cytotoxic and exhibited weak or undetectable activity against mammalian MTs in a cell-based assay of MT stabilization. Given their selective antischistosomal activity and relatively simple drug-like structures, these molecules hold promise as candidates for the development of new treatments for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Monti
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kristen Prijs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Thibault Alle
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Nelly El-Sakkary
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ali Syed
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Danielle E. Skinner
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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25
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Effect of ethanol and cocaine on [ 11C]MPC-6827 uptake in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3871-3876. [PMID: 33880672 PMCID: PMC8172511 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are structural units in the cytoskeleton. In brain cells they are responsible for axonal transport, information processing, and signaling mechanisms. Proper function of these processes is critical for healthy brain functions. Alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUDs) affects the function and organization of MTs in the brain, making them a potential neuroimaging marker to study the resulting impairment of overall neurobehavioral and cognitive processes. Our lab reported the first brain-penetrant MT-tracking Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ligand [11C]MPC-6827 and demonstrated its in vivo utility in rodents and non-human primates. To further explore the in vivo imaging potential of [11C]MPC-6827, we need to investigate its mechanism of action. Here, we report preliminary in vitro binding results in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to ethanol (EtOH) or cocaine in combination with multiple agents that alter MT stability. EtOH and cocaine treatments increased MT stability and decreased free tubulin monomers. Our initial cell-binding assay demonstrated that [11C]MPC-6827 may have high affinity to free/unbound tubulin units. Consistent with this mechanism of action, we observed lower [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in SH-SY5Y cells after EtOH and cocaine treatments (e.g., fewer free tubulin units). We are currently performing in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in rodent and nonhuman primate models of AUD and SUDs and Alzheimer's disease.
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Oukoloff K, Nzou G, Varricchio C, Lucero B, Alle T, Kovalevich J, Monti L, Cornec AS, Yao Y, James MJ, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brancale A, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Evaluation of the Structure-Activity Relationship of Microtubule-Targeting 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Identifies New Candidates for Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1073-1102. [PMID: 33411523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies in tau and Aβ plaque transgenic mouse models demonstrated that brain-penetrant microtubule (MT)-stabilizing compounds, including the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, hold promise as candidate treatments for Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Triazolopyrimidines have already been investigated as anticancer agents; however, the antimitotic activity of these compounds does not always correlate with stabilization of MTs in cells. Indeed, previous studies from our laboratories identified a critical role for the fragment linked at C6 in determining whether triazolopyrimidines promote MT stabilization or, conversely, disrupt MT integrity in cells. To further elucidate the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and to identify potentially improved MT-stabilizing candidates for neurodegenerative disease, a comprehensive set of 68 triazolopyrimidine congeners bearing structural modifications at C6 and/or C7 was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. These studies expand upon prior understanding of triazolopyrimidine SAR and enabled the identification of novel analogues that, relative to the existing lead, exhibit improved physicochemical properties, MT-stabilizing activity, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Thibault Alle
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ludovica Monti
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Boiarska Z, Passarella D. Microtubule-targeting agents and neurodegeneration. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:604-615. [PMID: 33279455 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The association of microtubule (MT) breakdown with neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity has provided an emerging therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Tubulin binders are able to modulate MT dynamics and, as a result, are of particular interest both as potential therapeutics and experimental tools used to validate this strategy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and recent advancements regarding MT-targeting approaches for neurodegeneration and evaluate the potential application of MT-targeting agents (MTAs) based on available preclinical and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Boiarska
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Miller JH, Das V. Potential for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Natural Products or Synthetic Compounds that Stabilize Microtubules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4362-4372. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200621171302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
No effective therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative diseases exist, despite significant attempts to find
drugs that can reduce or rescue the debilitating symptoms of tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Pick’s disease. A number of in vitro and in
vivo models exist for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including cell models employing induced-pluripotent
stem cells, cerebral organoids, and animal models of disease. Recent research has focused on microtubulestabilizing
agents, either natural products or synthetic compounds that can prevent the axonal destruction caused
by tau protein pathologies. Although promising results have come from animal model studies using brainpenetrant
natural product microtubule-stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel analogs that can access the brain,
epothilones B and D, and other synthetic compounds such as davunetide or the triazolopyrimidines, early clinical
trials in humans have been disappointing. This review aims to summarize the research that has been carried out in
this area and discuss the potential for the future development of an effective microtubule stabilizing drug to treat
neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Miller
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Tubulin modifying enzymes as target for the treatment oftau-related diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107681. [PMID: 32961263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the number and length of microtubules (MTs) are significantly and selectively reduced. MTs are involved in a wide range of cellular functions, and defects of the microtubular system have emerged as a unifying hypothesis for the heterogeneous and variable clinical presentations of AD. MTs orchestrate their numerous functions through the spatiotemporal regulation of the binding of specialised microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors. Covalent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on the tubulin C-termini that protrude at the surface of MTs regulate the binding of these effectors. In neurons, MAP tau is highly abundant and its abnormal dissociation from MTs in the axon, cellular mislocalization and hyperphosphorylation, are primary events leading to neuronal death. Consequently, compounds targeting tau phosphorylation or aggregation are currently evaluated but their clinical significance has not been demonstrated yet. In this review, we discuss the emerging link between tubulin PTMs and tau dysfunction. In neurons, high levels of glutamylation and detyrosination profoundly impact the physicochemical properties at the surface of MTs. Moreover, in patients with early-onset progressive neurodegeneration, deleterious mutations in enzymes involved in modifying MTs at the surface have recently been identified, underscoring the importance of this enzymatic machinery in neurology. We postulate that pharmacologically targeting the tubulin-modifying enzymes holds promise as therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Yao Y, Nzou G, Alle T, Tsering W, Maimaiti S, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. Correction of microtubule defects within Aβ plaque-associated dystrophic axons results in lowered Aβ release and plaque deposition. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1345-1357. [PMID: 32918367 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark pathologies of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are amyloid beta (Aβ)-containing senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formed from the microtubule (MT)-binding tau protein. Tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and disengages from MTs in AD, with evidence of resulting MT structure/function defects. Brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing compounds can normalize MTs and axonal transport in mouse models with tau pathology, thereby reducing neuron loss and decreasing tau pathology. MT dysfunction is also observed in dystrophic axons adjacent to Aβ plaques, resulting in accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and BACE1 with the potential for enhanced localized Aβ generation. We have examined whether the brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing compound CNDR-51657 might decrease plaque-associated axonal dystrophy and Aβ release in 5XFAD mice that develop an abundance of Aβ plaques. Administration of CNDR-51657 to 1.5-month-old male and female 5XFAD mice for 4 or 7 weeks led to decreased soluble brain Aβ that coincided with reduced APP and BACE1 levels, resulting in decreased formation of insoluble Aβ deposits. These data suggest a vicious cycle whereby initial Aβ plaque formation causes MT disruption in nearby axons, resulting in the local accumulation of APP and BACE1 that facilitates additional Aβ generation and plaque deposition. The ability of a MT-stabilizing compound to attenuate this cycle, and also reduce deficits resulting from reduced tau binding to MTs, suggests that molecules of this type hold promise as potential AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thibault Alle
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wangchen Tsering
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaniya Maimaiti
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sai KKS, Prabhakaran J, Damuka N, Craft S, Rajagopal SA, Mintz A, Mann J, Kumar D. Synthesis and Initial In Vivo Evaluations of [
11
C]WX‐132‐18B, a Microtubule PET Imaging Agent. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical Center 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
- Area of Molecular Imaging and neuropathologyNew York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
| | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of RadiologyWake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of Medicine Winston Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Shamyaa A. Rajagopal
- Department of RadiologyWake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center New York 10032 USA
| | - John Mann
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical Center 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
- Area of Molecular Imaging and neuropathologyNew York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center New York 10032 USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Area of Molecular Imaging and neuropathologyNew York State Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive New York 10032 USA
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Pinheiro S, Pinheiro EMC, Muri EMF, Pessôa JC, Cadorini MA, Greco SJ. Biological activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and analogs. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Damuka N, Czoty PW, Davis AT, Nader MA, Nader SH, Craft S, Macauley SL, Galbo LK, Epperly PM, Whitlow CT, Davenport AT, Martin TJ, Daunais JB, Mintz A, Solingapuram Sai KK. PET Imaging of [ 11C]MPC-6827, a Microtubule-Based Radiotracer in Non-Human Primate Brains. Molecules 2020; 25:E2289. [PMID: 32414052 PMCID: PMC7287733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microtubules is commonly associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including addiction and Alzheimer's disease. Imaging of microtubules in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) could provide valuable information on their role in the development of disease pathogenesis and aid in improving therapeutic regimens. We developed [11C]MPC-6827, the first brain-penetrating PET radiotracer to image microtubules in vivo in the mouse brain. The aim of the present study was to assess the reproducibility of [11C]MPC-6827 PET imaging in non-human primate brains. Two dynamic 0-120 min PET/CT imaging scans were performed in each of four healthy male cynomolgus monkeys approximately one week apart. Time activity curves (TACs) and standard uptake values (SUVs) were determined for whole brains and specific regions of the brains and compared between the "test" and "retest" data. [11C]MPC-6827 showed excellent brain uptake with good pharmacokinetics in non-human primate brains, with significant correlation between the test and retest scan data (r = 0.77, p = 0.023). These initial evaluations demonstrate the high translational potential of [11C]MPC-6827 to image microtubules in the brain in vivo in monkey models of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (N.D.); (A.T.D.); (M.A.N.); (C.T.W.)
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Ashley T. Davis
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (N.D.); (A.T.D.); (M.A.N.); (C.T.W.)
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (N.D.); (A.T.D.); (M.A.N.); (C.T.W.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Susan H. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Lindsey K. Galbo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Phillip M. Epperly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (N.D.); (A.T.D.); (M.A.N.); (C.T.W.)
| | - April T. Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Thomas J. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - James B. Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (P.W.C.); (S.H.N.); (L.K.G.); (P.M.E.); (A.T.D.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (N.D.); (A.T.D.); (M.A.N.); (C.T.W.)
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Triazolopyrimidinium salts: discovery of a new class of agents for cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:387-402. [PMID: 32028797 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core is highly privileged in medicinal chemistry due to its versatile pharmacological activity profile. Recently, the search for novel anticancer agents has focused on [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Results: Our hit functionalization has led to the discovery of new [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinium salts with potential anticancer activity. Among a small library of molecules, compound 9 significantly inhibits cancer cell growth in a panel of in vitro models. Molecular docking studies and preliminary binding assay have displayed that 9 could directly bind the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of STAT3 protein. Conclusion: Compound 9 is a novel promising lead compound that motivates additional evaluation of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinium salts as novel potential chemotherapeutics.
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In vivo comparison of N- 11CH 3 vs O- 11CH 3 radiolabeled microtubule targeted PET ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126785. [PMID: 31753695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered dynamics of microtubules (MT) are implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of brain diseases. Therefore, radiolabeled MT targeted ligands that can penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) may offer a direct and sensitive approach for diagnosis, and assessing the clinical potential of MT targeted therapeutics using PET imaging. We recently reported two BBB penetrating radioligands, [11C]MPC-6827 and [11C]HD-800 as specific PET ligands for imaging MTs in brain. The major metabolic pathway of the above molecules is anticipated to be via the initial labeling site, O-methyl, compared to the N-methyl group. Herein, we report the radiosynthesis of N-11CH3-MPC-6827 and N-11CH3-HD-800 and a comparison of their in vivo binding with the corresponding O-11CH3 analogues using microPET imaging and biodistribution methods. Both O-11CH3 and N-11CH3 labeled MT tracers exhibit high specific binding and brain. The N-11CH3 labeled PET ligands demonstrated similar in vivo binding characteristics compared with the corresponding O-11CH3 labeled tracers, [11C]MPC-6827 and [11C]HD-800 respectively.
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36
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Duggal P, Mehan S. Neuroprotective Approach of Anti-Cancer Microtubule Stabilizers Against Tauopathy Associated Dementia: Current Status of Clinical and Preclinical Findings. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:179-218. [PMID: 31435618 PMCID: PMC6700530 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal microtubule (MT) tau protein provides cytoskeleton to neuronal cells and plays a vital role including maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, and cell division. Tau hyperphosphorylation mediates MT destabilization resulting in axonopathy and neurotransmitter deficit, and ultimately causing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a dementing disorder affecting vast geriatric populations worldwide, characterized by the existence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in a hyperphosphorylated state. Pre-clinically, streptozotocin stereotaxically mimics the behavioral and biochemical alterations similar to AD associated with tau pathology resulting in MT assembly defects, which proceed neuropathological cascades. Accessible interventions like cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonist clinically provides only symptomatic relief. Involvement of microtubule stabilizers (MTS) prevents tauopathy particularly by targeting MT oriented cytoskeleton and promotes polymerization of tubulin protein. Multiple in vitro and in vivo research studies have shown that MTS can hold substantial potential for the treatment of AD-related tauopathy dementias through restoration of tau function and axonal transport. Moreover, anti-cancer taxane derivatives and epothiolones may have potential to ameliorate MT destabilization and prevent the neuronal structural and functional alterations associated with tauopathies. Therefore, this current review strictly focuses on exploration of various clinical and pre-clinical features available for AD to understand the neuropathological mechanisms as well as introduce pharmacological interventions associated with MT stabilization. MTS from diverse natural sources continue to be of value in the treatment of cancer, suggesting that these agents have potential to be of interest in the treatment of AD-related tauopathy dementia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Duggal
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Oukoloff K, Lucero B, Francisco KR, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:332-346. [PMID: 30703745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (TP) heterocycle, in spite of its relatively simple structure, has proved to be remarkably versatile as evidenced by its use in many different applications reported over the years in different areas of drug design. For example, as the ring system of TPs is isoelectronic with that of purines, this heterocycle has been proposed as a possible surrogate of the purine ring. However, depending on the choice of substituents, the TP ring has also been described as a potentially viable bio-isostere of the carboxylic acid functional group and of the N-acetyl fragment of ε-N-acetylated lysine. In addition, the metal-chelating properties of the TP ring have also been exploited to generate candidate treatments for cancer and parasitic diseases. In the present review article, we discuss recent applications of the TP scaffold in medicinal chemistry, and provide an overview of its properties and methods of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Pchitskaya EI, Zhemkov VA, Bezprozvanny IB. Dynamic Microtubules in Alzheimer's Disease: Association with Dendritic Spine Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1068-1074. [PMID: 30472945 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common incurable neurodegenerative disorder that affects the processes of memory formation and storage. The loss of dendritic spines and alteration in their morphology in AD correlate with the extent of patient's cognitive decline. Tubulin had been believed to be restricted to dendritic shafts, until recent studies demonstrated that dynamically growing tubulin microtubules enter dendritic spines and promote their maturation. Abnormalities of tubulin cytoskeleton may contribute to the process of dendritic spine shape alteration and their subsequent loss in AD. In this review, association between tubulin cytoskeleton dynamics and dendritic spine morphology is discussed in the context of dendritic spine alterations in AD. Potential implications of these findings for the development of AD therapy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia.
| | - V A Zhemkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - I B Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia. .,Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75390 Dallas, TX, USA
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Ribeiro CJA, Kankanala J, Xie J, Williams J, Aihara H, Wang Z. Triazolopyrimidine and triazolopyridine scaffolds as TDP2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:257-261. [PMID: 30522956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) repairs topoisomerase II (TOP2) mediated DNA damages and causes cellular resistance to clinically used TOP2 poisons. Inhibiting TDP2 can potentially sensitize cancer cells toward TOP2 poisons. Commercial compound P10A10, to which the structure was assigned as 7-phenyl triazolopyrimidine analogue 6a, was previously identified as a TDP2 inhibitor hit in our virtual and fluorescence-based biochemical screening campaign. We report herein that the hit validation through resynthesis and structure elucidation revealed the correct structure of P10A10 (Chembridge ID 7236827) to be the 5-phenyl triazolopyrimidine regioisomer 7a. Subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) via the synthesis of a total of 47 analogues of both the 5-phenyl triazolopyrimidine scaffold (7) and its bioisosteric triazolopyridine scaffold (17) identified four derivatives (7a, 17a, 17e, and 17z) with significant TDP2 inhibition (IC50 < 50 µM), with 17z showing excellent cell permeability and no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J A Ribeiro
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jayakanth Kankanala
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jessica Williams
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hideki Aihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Zhengqiang Wang
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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40
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Zhang B, Yao Y, Cornec AS, Oukoloff K, James MJ, Koivula P, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Lee VMY, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. A brain-penetrant triazolopyrimidine enhances microtubule-stability, reduces axonal dysfunction and decreases tau pathology in a mouse tauopathy model. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:59. [PMID: 30404654 PMCID: PMC6223064 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of insoluble inclusions of the protein tau within brain neurons and often glia. Tau is normally found associated with axonal microtubules (MTs) in the brain, and in tauopathies this MT binding is diminished due to tau hyperphosphorylation. As MTs play a critical role in the movement of cellular constituents within neurons via axonal transport, it is likely that the dissociation of tau from MTs alters MT structure and axonal transport, and there is evidence of this in tauopathy mouse models as well as in AD brain. We previously demonstrated that different natural products which stabilize MTs by interacting with β-tubulin at the taxane binding site provide significant benefit in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy. More recently, we have reported on a series of MT-stabilizing triazolopyrimidines (TPDs), which interact with β-tubulin at the vinblastine binding site, that exhibit favorable properties including brain penetration and oral bioavailability. Here, we have examined a prototype TPD example, CNDR-51657, in a secondary prevention study utilizing aged tau transgenic mice. METHODS 9-Month old female PS19 mice with a low amount of existing tau pathology received twice-weekly administration of vehicle, or 3 or 10 mg/kg of CNDR-51657, for 3 months. Mice were examined in the Barnes maze at the end of the dosing period, and brain tissue and optic nerves were examined immunohistochemically or biochemically for changes in MT density, axonal dystrophy, and tau pathology. Mice were also assessed for changes in organ weights and blood cell numbers. RESULTS CNDR-51657 caused a significant amelioration of the MT deficit and axonal dystrophy observed in vehicle-treated aged PS19 mice. Moreover, PS19 mice receiving CNDR-51657 had significantly lower tau pathology, with a trend toward improved Barnes maze performance. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed in the compound-treated mice, including no change in white blood cell counts as is often observed in cancer patients receiving high doses of MT-stabilizing drugs. CONCLUSIONS A brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing TPD can safely correct MT and axonal deficits in an established mouse model of tauopathy, resulting in reduced tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pyry Koivula
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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41
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Varidaki A, Hong Y, Coffey ET. Repositioning Microtubule Stabilizing Drugs for Brain Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:226. [PMID: 30135644 PMCID: PMC6092511 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule stabilizing agents are among the most clinically useful chemotherapeutic drugs. Mostly, they act to stabilize microtubules and inhibit cell division. While not without side effects, new generations of these compounds display improved pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetrance. Neurological disorders are intrinsically associated with microtubule defects, and efforts to reposition microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric illnesses are underway. Here we catalog microtubule regulators that are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. We outline the classes of microtubule stabilizing agents used for cancer treatment, their brain penetrance properties and neuropathy side effects, and describe efforts to apply these agents for treatment of brain disorders. Finally, we summarize the current state of clinical trials for microtubule stabilizing agents under evaluation for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Varidaki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Ye Hong
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleanor T Coffey
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
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42
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Monti L, Wang SC, Oukoloff K, Smith AB, Brunden KR, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Brain-Penetrant Triazolopyrimidine and Phenylpyrimidine Microtubule Stabilizers as Potential Leads to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1751-1754. [PMID: 29969537 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In vitro whole-organism screens of Trypanosoma brucei with representative examples of brain-penetrant microtubule (MT)-stabilizing agents identified lethal triazolopyrimidines and phenylpyrimidines with sub-micromolar potency. In mammalian cells, these antiproliferative compounds disrupt MT integrity and decrease total tubulin levels. Their parasiticidal potency, combined with their generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties, which include oral bioavailability and brain penetration, suggest that these compounds are potential leads against human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Monti
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven C Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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43
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Oukoloff K, Kovalevich J, Cornec AS, Yao Y, Owyang ZA, James M, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of photoactivatable derivatives of microtubule (MT)-active [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2180-2183. [PMID: 29764743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines comprise a promising class of non-naturally occurring microtubule (MT)-active compounds. Prior studies revealed that different triazolopyrimidine substitutions can yield molecules that either promote MT stabilization or disrupt MT integrity. These differences can have important ramifications in the therapeutic applications of triazolopyrimidines and suggest that different analogues may exhibit different binding modes within the same site or possibly interact with tubulin/MTs at alternative binding sites. To help discern these possibilities, a series of photoactivatable triazolopyrimidine congeners was designed, synthesized and evaluated in cellular assays with the goal of identifying candidate probes for photoaffinity labeling experiments. These studies led to the identification of different derivatives that incorporate a diazirine ring in the amine substituent at position 7 of the triazolopyrimidine heterocycle, resulting in molecules that either promote stabilization of MTs or disrupt MT integrity. These photoactivatable candidate probes hold promise to investigate the mode of action of MT-active triazolopyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Zachary A Owyang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Michael James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States.
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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44
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Pd-catalyzed Suzuki/Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and the direct sp3 arylation of 7-chloro-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Kumar JSD, Solingapuram Sai KK, Prabhakaran J, Oufkir HR, Ramanathan G, Whitlow CT, Dileep H, Mintz A, Mann JJ. Radiosynthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of [ 11C]MPC-6827, the First Brain Penetrant Microtubule PET Ligand. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2118-2123. [PMID: 29457976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of microtubules (MTs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of many CNS diseases. Despite the potential of an MT imaging agents, no PET ligand is currently available for in vivo imaging of MTs in the brain. We radiolabeled [11C]MPC-6827, a high affinity MTA, and demonstrated its specific binding in rat and mice brain using PET imaging. Our experiments show that [11C]MPC-6827 has specific binding to MT in brain, and it is the first MT-binding PET ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dileep Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | | | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Hakeem R Oufkir
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Gayathri Ramanathan
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Hima Dileep
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
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46
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Pchitskaya E, Kraskovskaya N, Chernyuk D, Popugaeva E, Zhang H, Vlasova O, Bezprozvanny I. Stim2-Eb3 Association and Morphology of Dendritic Spines in Hippocampal Neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17625. [PMID: 29247211 PMCID: PMC5732248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom spines form strong synaptic contacts and are essential for memory storage. We have previously demonstrated that neuronal store-operated calcium entry (nSOC) in hippocampal neurons is regulated by STIM2 protein. This pathway plays a key role in stability of mushroom spines and is compromised in different mice models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Actin was thought to be the sole cytoskeleton compartment presented in dendritic spines, however, recent studies demonstrated that dynamic microtubules with EB3 capped plus-ends transiently enter spines. We showed that STIM2 forms an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ -dependent complex with EB3 via Ser-x-Ile-Pro aminoacid motif and that disruption of STIM2-EB3 interaction resulted in loss of mushroom spines in hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of EB3 causes increase of mushroom spines fraction and is able to restore their deficiency in hippocampal neurons obtained from PS1-M146V-KI AD mouse model. STIM2 overexpression failed to restore mushroom dendritic spines after EB3 knockdown, while in contrast EB3 overexpression rescued loss of mushroom spines resulting from STIM2 depletion. We propose that EB3 is involved in regulation of dendritic spines morphology, in part due to its association with STIM2, and that modulation of EB3 expression is a potential way to overcome synaptic loss during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Kraskovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Chernyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Popugaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. .,Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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47
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Wu TY, Cho TY, Lu CK, Liou JP, Chen MC. Identification of 7-(4'-Cyanophenyl)indoline-1-benzenesulfonamide as a mitotic inhibitor to induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit autophagy in human colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12406. [PMID: 28963527 PMCID: PMC5622076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cellular mitosis in tumor cells is an attractive cancer treatment strategy. Here, we report that B220, a synthetic benzenesulfonamide compound, could represent a new mitotic inhibitor for the treatment of colorectal cancer. We examined the action mechanism of B220 in the colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cell line, and found that treatment of cells with B220 caused cells to accumulate in G2/M phase, with a concomitant induction of the mitotic phase markers, MPM2 and cyclin B1. After 48 h of B220 treatment, cells underwent apoptotic cell death via caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, B220 inhibits autophagy by blocking conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I) to LC3-II and inhibiting autophagic flux. Notably, blockade of autophagy by pharmacological inhibition or using an Atg5-targeting shRNA reduced B220-induced cytotoxicity. Conversely, the autophagy inducer NVP-BEZ235 shows a synergistic interaction with B220 in HCT116 cells, indicating autophagy was required for the observed cell death. In summary, these results indicate B220 combined with the induction of autophagy using the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BEZ235, might be an attractive strategy for cancer therapy, and provides a framework for further development of B220 as a new therapeutic agent for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cho
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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48
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Dent EW. Of microtubules and memory: implications for microtubule dynamics in dendrites and spines. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1-8. [PMID: 28035040 PMCID: PMC5221613 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-11-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are cytoskeletal polymers composed of repeating subunits of tubulin that are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells. They undergo a stochastic process of polymerization and depolymerization from their plus ends termed dynamic instability. MT dynamics is an ongoing process in all cell types and has been the target for the development of several useful anticancer drugs, which compromise rapidly dividing cells. Recent studies also suggest that MT dynamics may be particularly important in neurons, which develop a highly polarized morphology, consisting of a single axon and multiple dendrites that persist throughout adulthood. MTs are especially dynamic in dendrites and have recently been shown to polymerize directly into dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartment of excitatory neurons in the CNS. These transient polymerization events into dendritic spines have been demonstrated to play important roles in synaptic plasticity in cultured neurons. Recent studies also suggest that MT dynamics in the adult brain function in the essential process of learning and memory and may be compromised in degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. This raises the possibility of targeting MT dynamics in the design of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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49
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Cornec AS, Monti L, Kovalevich J, Makani V, James MJ, Vijayendran KG, Oukoloff K, Yao Y, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Multitargeted Imidazoles: Potential Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5120-5145. [PMID: 28530811 PMCID: PMC5483893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease in which different
neuropathological mechanisms are likely involved, including those
associated with pathological tau and Aβ species as well as neuroinflammation.
In this context, the development of single multitargeted therapeutics
directed against two or more disease mechanisms could be advantageous.
Starting from a series of 1,5-diarylimidazoles with microtubule (MT)-stabilizing
activity and structural similarities with known NSAIDs, we conducted
structure–activity relationship studies that led to the identification
of multitargeted prototypes with activities as MT-stabilizing agents
and/or inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)
pathways. Several examples are brain-penetrant and exhibit balanced
multitargeted in vitro activity in the low μM range. As brain-penetrant
MT-stabilizing agents have proven effective against tau-mediated neurodegeneration
in animal models, and because COX- and 5-LOX-derived eicosanoids are
thought to contribute to Aβ plaque deposition, these 1,5-diarylimidazoles
provide tools to explore novel multitargeted strategies for AD and
other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ludovica Monti
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Vishruti Makani
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Krishna G Vijayendran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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50
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Wu X, Kosaraju J, Tam KY. SLM, a novel carbazole-based fluorophore attenuates okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3β activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 110:101-108. [PMID: 28359686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles resulting in neuronal toxicity and cognitive deficits. Attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation is considered as an effective therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). From our previous study, SLM, a carbazole-based fluorophore prevents Aβ aggregation, reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in triple transgenic mouse model of AD. However, the mechanism by which SLM attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation warrants further investigation. In the current study, we intend to evaluate the effects of SLM against okadaic acid (OA)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and microtubules instability in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The results showed that, SLM reduced the OA-induced cell neurotoxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. SLM treatment down-regulated GSK-3β activity. However, in the presence of GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763, 10μM), SLM treatment could not reduce GSK-3β activity and tau hyperphosphorylation as compared with SB216763 treatment alone. Furthermore, SLM treatment also ameliorated OA-induced microtubules instability and cytoskeleton damage. Collectively, SLM attenuated OA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3β activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, this study supports SLM as a potential compound for AD and other tau pathology-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | | | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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