1
|
Wu P, Xu J, Fu R, Lin Q, Liu C, Wang Y. Psyllid-mite interactions promote psyllid fecundity by selecting for a different life history. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2025; 81:1393-1399. [PMID: 39552404 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In interspecific competitive interactions at the same trophic level, herbivores are often hypothesized to exhibit a fast life-history strategy characterized by early reproduction and a short lifespan. Here, we analyzed the shift in life history of the psyllid Bactericera gobica when it interacts with the aphid Aphis gossypii, the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, or the mite Aceria pallida in similar ecological niches because all of them cause damage to goji berry leaves. RESULTS We found that psyllids displayed a typical fast life history when interacting with aphids and thrips. Psyllids that interacted with mites also reproduced earlier than those without any interactions, but later than those interacting with aphids and thrips. Trophic competition typically led to a loss of fecundity in psyllids. To mitigate this loss, psyllids that interacted with mites allocated more resources to reproduction compared to those interacting with aphids and thrips, resulting in their reproduction being spread over a longer lifespan. This life history can be best described as a bet-hedging strategy. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that interspecific interactions cannot be solely explained by invoking faster life histories. Instead, the shift in life history may converge towards a finely-tuned match between interacting species. Interactions between psyllids and mites increase psyllid fecundity, potentially promoting the persistence of both species. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruchen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Goor J, Turdiev A, Speir SJ, Manning J, Haag ES. Male secreted short glycoproteins link sperm competition to the reproductive isolation of species. Curr Biol 2025; 35:911-917.e5. [PMID: 39884276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Sperm competition is found across multicellular organisms1,2,3,4 using both external and internal fertilization.5,6 Sperm competition and post-copulatory cryptic female choice can promote incompatibility between species due to the antagonistic coevolution of the sexes within a species.7,8,9,10,11 This between-species incompatibility is accelerated and markedly asymmetrical when sexual mode differs, producing the "weak inbreeder, strong outcrosser" (WISO) pattern.12 Here, we show that male secreted short (MSS) sperm glycoproteins of nematodes constitute a gametic effector of WISO. In obligately outcrossing Caenorhabditis, MSS is dispensable for baseline fertility but required for intraspecific sperm competitiveness.13 MSS is lost in self-fertile lineages, likely as a response to selection for a hermaphrodite-biased sex ratio.14 Selfing hermaphrodites that mate with males of closely related outcrossing species are rapidly sterilized due to ovarian sperm invasion.11 The simplification of the male proteome in selfing species suggests that many factors could contribute to invasivity.13,15,16 However, restoration of just MSS to the self-fertile C. briggsae is sufficient to induce mild invasivity. Further, MSS+ sperm appear to derive their competitive advantage from this behavior, directly linking interspecies incompatibility with intraspecific competition. MSS-related proteins (MSRPs) remaining in the C. briggsae genome are similar in structure, expression, and localization to MSS but are not necessary for normal sperm competitiveness. Further, overexpression of the MSRP most similar to MSS, Cbr-MSRP-3, is insufficient to enhance competitiveness. We conclude that outcrossing species retain sperm competition factors that contribute to their reproductive isolation from selfing relatives that lost them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Van Goor
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Asan Turdiev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Savannah J Speir
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jillian Manning
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric S Haag
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harishchandra A, Di Giulio RT, Jayasundara N. Transcriptomic and Methylomic Analyses Show Significant Shifts in Biosynthetic Processes and Reduced Intrapopulation Gene Expression Variance in PAH-Adapted Atlantic Killifish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:20859-20872. [PMID: 39552013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants pose a significant selection pressure across taxa, potentiating evolved resistance to chemicals. However, rapid evolution may alter molecular and physiological homeostasis leading to trade-offs. To elucidate molecular underpinnings of evolved chemical resistance, we compared liver gene expression and methylation profiles in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-adapted Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) in the Republic site (RP), Elizabeth River, Virginia with PAH-sensitive Kings Creek (KC) fish. We found 1607 differentially expressed and 2252 alternatively spliced genes between RP and KC, with highly enriched genes involving lipid and amino acid metabolism, respectively. While 308 genes had differentially methylated regions, only 13 of these genes were differentially expressed. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2b gene (ahr2b) was differentially methylated and expressed, as well as alternatively spliced signifying its critical role in mediating PAH tolerance. Notably, the intrapopulation coefficient of variation (CoV) was lower in 82% of 17,566 expressed genes in RP fish compared to KC fish. Among other pathways, these genes with low CoV were highly enriched in bioenergetic processes inferring reduced metabolic physiological variation as a population in RP fish. Altered metabolic gene expression and overall reduced gene expression variance in RP fish warrant further studies on fitness trade-offs including altered susceptibility to other stressors associated with rapid adaptation to anthropogenic pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akila Harishchandra
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Bangor 44069, Maine, United States
| | - Richard T Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amo L, Amo de Paz G, Kabbert J, Machordom A. House sparrows do not exhibit a preference for the scent of potential partners with different MHC-I diversity and genetic distances. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278892. [PMID: 36542616 PMCID: PMC9770374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC genes play a fundamental role in immune recognition of pathogens and parasites. Therefore, females may increase offspring heterozygosity and genetic diversity by selecting males with genetically compatible or heterozygous MHC. In birds, several studies suggest that MHC genes play a role in mate choice, and recent evidence suggests that olfaction may play a role in the MHC-II discrimination. However, whether olfaction is involved in MHC-I discrimination in birds remains unknown. Previous studies indicate that house sparrow females with low allelic diversity prefer males with higher diversity in MHC-I alleles. Here, we directly explored whether female and male house sparrows (Passer domesticus) could estimate by scent MHC-I diversity and/or dissimilarity of potential partners. Our results show that neither females nor males exhibit a preference related to MHC-I diversity or dissimilarity of potential partners, suggesting that MHC-I is not detected through olfaction. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for mate discrimination based on MHC-I in birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Amo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillermo Amo de Paz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Kabbert
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annie Machordom
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Delph LF, Brown KE, Ríos LD, Kelly JK. Sex‐specific natural selection on SNPs in
Silene latifolia. Evol Lett 2022; 6:308-318. [PMID: 35937470 PMCID: PMC9346077 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda F. Delph
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Keely E. Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Luis Diego Ríos
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - John K. Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gutiérrez-Valencia J, Fracassetti M, Horvath R, Laenen B, Désamore A, Drouzas AD, Friberg M, Kolář F, Slotte T. Genomic Signatures of Sexual Selection on Pollen-Expressed Genes in Arabis alpina. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6456311. [PMID: 34878144 PMCID: PMC8788238 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fertilization in angiosperms involves the germination of pollen on the stigma, followed by the extrusion of a pollen tube that elongates through the style and delivers two sperm cells to the embryo sac. Sexual selection could occur throughout this process when male gametophytes compete for fertilization. The strength of sexual selection during pollen competition should be affected by the number of genotypes deposited on the stigma. As increased self-fertilization reduces the number of mating partners, and the genetic diversity and heterozygosity of populations, it should thereby reduce the intensity of sexual selection during pollen competition. Despite the prevalence of mating system shifts, few studies have directly compared the molecular signatures of sexual selection during pollen competition in populations with different mating systems. Here we analyzed whole-genome sequences from natural populations of Arabis alpina, a species showing mating system variation across its distribution, to test whether shifts from cross- to self-fertilization result in molecular signatures consistent with sexual selection on genes involved in pollen competition. We found evidence for efficient purifying selection on genes expressed in vegetative pollen, and overall weaker selection on sperm-expressed genes. This pattern was robust when controlling for gene expression level and specificity. In agreement with the expectation that sexual selection intensifies under cross-fertilization, we found that the efficacy of purifying selection on male gametophyte-expressed genes was significantly stronger in genetically more diverse and outbred populations. Our results show that intra-sexual competition shapes the evolution of pollen-expressed genes, and that its strength fades with increasing self-fertilization rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Fracassetti
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Horvath
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Laenen
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Désamore
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas D Drouzas
- Laboratory of Systematic Botany and Phytogeography, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tanja Slotte
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meissner ST. Plant sexual reproduction: perhaps the current plant two-sex model should be replaced with three- and four-sex models? PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:175-189. [PMID: 34213647 PMCID: PMC8360875 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The two-sex model makes the assumption that there are only two sexual reproductive states: male and female. However, in land plants (embryophytes) the application of this model to the alternation of generations life cycle requires the subtle redefinition of several common terms related to sexual reproduction, which seems to obscure aspects of one or the other plant generation: For instance, the homosporous sporophytic plant is treated as being asexual, and the gametophytes of angiosperms treated like mere gametes. In contrast, the proposal is made that the sporophytes of homosporous plants are indeed sexual reproductive organisms, as are the gametophytes of heterosporous plants. This view requires the expansion of the number of sexual reproductive states we accept for these plant species; therefore, a three-sex model for homosporous plants and a four-sex model for heterosporous plants are described and then contrasted with the current two-sex model. These new models allow the use of sexual reproductive terms in a manner largely similar to that seen in animals, and may better accommodate the plant alternation of generations life cycle than does the current plant two-sex model. These new models may also help stimulate new lines of research, and examples of how they might alter our view of events in the flower, and may lead to new questions about sexual determination and differentiation, are presented. Thus it is suggested that land plant species have more than merely two sexual reproductive states and that recognition of this may promote our study and understanding of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Meissner
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, NCR, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tonnabel J, David P, Janicke T, Lehner A, Mollet JC, Pannell JR, Dufay M. The Scope for Postmating Sexual Selection in Plants. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:556-567. [PMID: 33775429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection is known to shape plant traits that affect access to mates during the pollination phase, but it is less well understood to what extent it affects traits relevant to interactions between pollen and pistils after pollination. This is surprising, because both of the two key modes of sexual selection, male-male competition and female choice, could plausibly operate during pollen-pistil interactions where physical male-female contact occurs. Here, we consider how the key processes of sexual selection might affect traits involved in pollen-pistil interactions, including 'Fisherian runaway' and 'good-genes' models. We review aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of pollen-pistil interactions on which sexual selection could act and point to research that is needed to investigate them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Tonnabel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrice David
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Tim Janicke
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; Applied Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (GlycoMEV), SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Carnot I2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (GlycoMEV), SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Carnot I2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Dufay
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lodde V, Morandini P, Costa A, Murgia I, Ezquer I. cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:525. [PMID: 33916807 PMCID: PMC8067062 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lodde
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chirgwin E, Connallon T, Monro K. The thermal environment at fertilization mediates adaptive potential in the sea. Evol Lett 2021; 5:154-163. [PMID: 33868711 PMCID: PMC8045945 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive genetic variation for fitness at vulnerable life stages governs the adaptive potential of populations facing stressful conditions under climate change, and can depend on current conditions as well as those experienced by past stages or generations. For sexual populations, fertilization is the key stage that links one generation to the next, yet the effects of fertilization environment on the adaptive potential at the vulnerable stages that then unfold during development are rarely considered, despite climatic stress posing risks for gamete function and fertility in many taxa and external fertilizers especially. Here, we develop a simple fitness landscape model exploring the effects of environmental stress at fertilization and development on the adaptive potential in early life. We then test our model with a quantitative genetic breeding design exposing family groups of a marine external fertilizer, the tubeworm Galeolaria caespitosa, to a factorial manipulation of current and projected temperatures at fertilization and development. We find that adaptive potential in early life is substantially reduced, to the point of being no longer detectable, by genotype‐specific carryover effects of fertilization under projected warming. We interpret these results in light of our fitness landscape model, and argue that the thermal environment at fertilization deserves more attention than it currently receives when forecasting the adaptive potential of populations confronting climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evatt Chirgwin
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia.,Cesar Australia Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Keyne Monro
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moyle LC, Wu M, Gibson MJS. Reproductive Proteins Evolve Faster Than Non-reproductive Proteins Among Solanum Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635990. [PMID: 33912206 PMCID: PMC8072272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated rates of evolution in reproductive proteins are commonly observed in animal species, and are thought to be driven by the action of sexual selection and sexual conflict acting specifically on reproductive traits. Whether similar patterns are broadly observed in other biological groups is equivocal. Here, we examine patterns of protein divergence among wild tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon), to understand forces shaping the evolution of reproductive genes in this diverse, rapidly evolving plant clade. By comparing rates of molecular evolution among loci expressed in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, our aims were to test if: (a) reproductive-specific loci evolve more rapidly, on average, than non-reproductive loci; (b) 'male'-specific loci evolve at different rates than 'female'-specific loci; (c) genes expressed exclusively in gametophytic (haploid) tissue evolve differently from genes expressed in sporophytic (diploid) tissue or in both tissue types; and (d) mating system variation (a potential proxy for the expected strength of sexual selection and/or sexual conflict) affects patterns of protein evolution. We observed elevated evolutionary rates in reproductive proteins. However, this pattern was most evident for female- rather than male-specific loci, both broadly and for individual loci inferred to be positively selected. These elevated rates might be facilitated by greater tissue-specificity of reproductive proteins, as faster rates were also associated with more narrow expression domains. In contrast, we found little evidence that evolutionary rates are consistently different in loci experiencing haploid selection (gametophytic-exclusive loci), or in lineages with quantitatively different mating systems. Overall while reproductive protein evolution is generally elevated in this diverse plant group, some specific patterns of evolution are more complex than those reported in other (largely animal) systems, and include a more prominent role for female-specific loci among adaptively evolving genes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Madjidian JA, Smith HG, Andersson S, Lankinen Å. Direct and indirect selection on mate choice during pollen competition: Effects of male and female sexual traits on offspring performance following two-donor crosses. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1452-1467. [PMID: 33463845 PMCID: PMC7589368 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mate choice in plants is poorly understood, in particular its indirect genetic benefits, but also the direct benefits of avoiding harmful matings. In the herb Collinsia heterophylla, delayed stigma receptivity has been suggested to enhance pollen competition, potentially functioning as a female mate choice trait. Previous studies show that this trait can mitigate the cost of early fertilization caused by pollen, thus providing a direct benefit. We performed two-donor pollinations during successive floral stages to assess how this stigma receptivity trait and two pollen traits known to affect siring success influence indirect benefits in terms of offspring performance. We also investigated differential resource allocation by studying the influence of sibling performance in the same capsule. Offspring performance in terms of flower number was mainly affected by parental identities and differential resource allocation. Offspring seed production showed some influence of resource allocation, but was also affected by pollen donor identity and varied positively with late stigma receptivity. However, the effect of late stigma receptivity on offspring seed production was weakened in matings with pollen that advanced stigma receptivity. In conclusion, delayed stigma receptivity may be selected through both direct and indirect fitness effects in C. heterophylla, where pollen-based delay on stigma receptivity might act as a cue for mate choice. However, selection may also be counteracted by antagonistic selection on pollen to advance stigma receptivity. Our results highlight the challenges of studying indirect genetic benefits and other factors that influence mate choice in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefin A. Madjidian
- BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Center for Environmental and Climate ResearchLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Center for Environmental and Climate ResearchLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Åsa Lankinen
- BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hörandl E, Hadacek F. Oxygen, life forms, and the evolution of sexes in multicellular eukaryotes. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 125:1-14. [PMID: 32415185 PMCID: PMC7413252 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary advantage of different sexual systems in multicellular eukaryotes is still not well understood, because the differentiation into male and female individuals halves offspring production compared with asexuality. Here we propose that various physiological adaptations to oxidative stress could have forged sessility versus motility, and consequently the evolution of sexual systems in multicellular animals, plants, and fungi. Photosynthesis causes substantial amounts of oxidative stress in photoautotrophic plants and, likewise, oxidative chemistry of polymer breakdown, cellulose and lignin, for saprotrophic fungi. In both cases, its extent precludes motility, an additional source of oxidative stress. Sessile life form and the lack of neuronal systems, however, limit options for mate recognition and adult sexual selection, resulting in inefficient mate-searching systems. Hence, sessility requires that all individuals can produce offspring, which is achieved by hermaphroditism in plants and/or by multiple mating types in fungi. In animals, motility requires neuronal systems, and muscle activity, both of which are highly sensitive to oxidative damage. As a consequence, motility has evolved in animals as heterotrophic organisms that (1) are not photosynthetically active, and (2) are not primary decomposers. Adaptations to motility provide prerequisites for an active mating behavior and efficient mate-searching systems. These benefits compensate for the "cost of males", and may explain the early evolution of sex chromosomes in metazoans. We conclude that different sexual systems evolved under the indirect physiological constraints of lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Franz Hadacek
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fishman L, McIntosh M. Standard Deviations: The Biological Bases of Transmission Ratio Distortion. Annu Rev Genet 2019; 53:347-372. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rule of Mendelian inheritance is remarkably robust, but deviations from the equal transmission of alternative alleles at a locus [a.k.a. transmission ratio distortion (TRD)] are also commonly observed in genetic mapping populations. Such TRD reveals locus-specific selection acting at some point between the diploid heterozygous parents and progeny genotyping and therefore can provide novel insight into otherwise-hidden genetic and evolutionary processes. Most of the classic selfish genetic elements were discovered through their biasing of transmission, but many unselfish evolutionary and developmental processes can also generate TRD. In this review, we describe methodologies for detecting TRD in mapping populations, detail the arenas and genetic interactions that shape TRD during plant and animal reproduction, and summarize patterns of TRD from across the genetic mapping literature. Finally, we point to new experimental approaches that can accelerate both detection of TRD and characterization of the underlying genetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila Fishman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| | - Mariah McIntosh
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kyogoku D, Kataoka Y, Kondoh M. Who determines the timing of inflorescence closure of a sexual dandelion? Pollen donors versus recipients. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-10000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Bartholomäus L, Lenhard M. Plant Biology: Learning to Love Yourself. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R695-R697. [PMID: 31336088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In self-incompatible plants the female style rejects self pollen, yet the extent to which the female style in the many self-compatible species can still select between different pollen genotypes and thus bias fertilization success is unclear. A new study identifies the molecular basis for how styles of the self-compatible coyote tobacco bias the fertilization success of pollen genotypes using matching gene expression patterns in a manner analogous to cryptic female choice in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartholomäus
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Lenhard
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tuteja R, McKeown PC, Ryan P, Morgan CC, Donoghue MTA, Downing T, O'Connell MJ, Spillane C. Paternally Expressed Imprinted Genes under Positive Darwinian Selection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:1239-1253. [PMID: 30913563 PMCID: PMC6526901 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon where autosomal genes display uniparental expression depending on whether they are maternally or paternally inherited. Genomic imprinting can arise from parental conflicts over resource allocation to the offspring, which could drive imprinted loci to evolve by positive selection. We investigate whether positive selection is associated with genomic imprinting in the inbreeding species Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analysis of 140 genes regulated by genomic imprinting in the A. thaliana seed endosperm demonstrates they are evolving more rapidly than expected. To investigate whether positive selection drives this evolutionary acceleration, we identified orthologs of each imprinted gene across 34 plant species and elucidated their evolutionary trajectories. Increased positive selection was sought by comparing its incidence among imprinted genes with nonimprinted controls. Strikingly, we find a statistically significant enrichment of imprinted paternally expressed genes (iPEGs) evolving under positive selection, 50.6% of the total, but no such enrichment for positive selection among imprinted maternally expressed genes (iMEGs). This suggests that maternally- and paternally expressed imprinted genes are subject to different selective pressures. Almost all positively selected amino acids were fixed across 80 sequenced A. thaliana accessions, suggestive of selective sweeps in the A. thaliana lineage. The imprinted genes under positive selection are involved in processes important for seed development including auxin biosynthesis and epigenetic regulation. Our findings support a genomic imprinting model for plants where positive selection can affect paternally expressed genes due to continued conflict with maternal sporophyte tissues, even when parental conflict is reduced in predominantly inbreeding species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Tuteja
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Peter C McKeown
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pat Ryan
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire C Morgan
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tim Downing
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Spillane
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
With the origin of pollination in ancient seed plants, the male gametophyte ("pollen") began to evolve a new and unique life history stage, the progamic phase, a post-pollination period in which pollen sexual maturation occurs in interaction with sporophyte-derived tissues. Pollen performance traits mediate the timing of the fertilization process, often in competition with other pollen, via the speed of pollen germination, sperm development, and pollen tube growth. Studies of pollen development rarely address the issue of performance or its evolution, which involves linking variation in developmental rates to relative fitness within populations or to adaptations on a macroevolutionary scale. Modifications to the pollen tube pathway and changes in the intensity of pollen competition affect the direction and strength of selection on pollen performance. Hence, pollen developmental evolution is always contextual-it involves both the population biology of pollen reaching stigmas and the co-evolution of sporophytic traits, such as the pollen tube pathway and mating system. For most species, performance evolution generally reflects a wandering history of periods of directional selection and relaxed selection, channeled by developmental limitations, a pattern that favors the accumulation of diversity and redundancy in developmental mechanisms and the genetic machinery. Developmental biologists are focused on finding universal mechanisms that underlie pollen function, and these are largely mechanisms that have evolved through their effects on performance. Here, we suggest ways in which studies of pollen performance or function could progress by cross-fertilization between the "evo" and "devo" fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| | - John B Reese
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lenz TL, Hafer N, Samonte IE, Yeates SE, Milinski M. Cryptic haplotype-specific gamete selection yields offspring with optimal MHC immune genes. Evolution 2018; 72:2478-2490. [PMID: 30246285 PMCID: PMC6282957 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Females choose specific mates in order to produce fitter offspring. However, several factors interfere with females' control over fertilization of their eggs, including sneaker males and phenotypically unpredictable allele segregation during meiosis. Mate choice at the individual level thus provides only a poor approximation for obtaining the best genetic match. Consequently, postcopulatory sperm selection by female oocytes has been proposed as a mechanism to achieve complementary combinations of parental haplotypes. Here, using controlled in vitro fertilization of three‐spined stickleback eggs, we find haplotype‐specific fertilization bias toward gametes with complementary major histocompatibility complex (MHC) immunogenes. The resulting zygote (and thus offspring) genotypes exhibit an intermediate level of individual MHC diversity that was previously shown to confer highest pathogen resistance. Our finding of haplotype‐specific gamete selection thus represents an intriguing mechanism for fine‐tuned optimization of the offspring's immune gene composition and an evolutionary advantage in the Red Queen dynamics of host‐parasite coevolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias L Lenz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Nina Hafer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Irene E Samonte
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Sarah E Yeates
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.,Current Address: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Milinski
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Garlovsky MD, Snook RR. Persistent postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation between populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9062-9073. [PMID: 30271566 PMCID: PMC6157668 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying reproductive barriers between populations of the same species is critical to understand how speciation may proceed. Growing evidence suggests postmating, prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers play an important role in the evolution of early taxonomic divergence. However, the contribution of PMPZ isolation to speciation is typically studied between species in which barriers that maintain isolation may not be those that contributed to reduced gene flow between populations. Moreover, in internally fertilizing animals, PMPZ isolation is related to male ejaculate-female reproductive tract incompatibilities but few studies have examined how mating history of the sexes can affect the strength of PMPZ isolation and the extent to which PMPZ isolation is repeatable or restricted to particular interacting genotypes. We addressed these outstanding questions using multiple populations of Drosophila montana. We show a recurrent pattern of PMPZ isolation, with flies from one population exhibiting reproductive incompatibility in crosses with all three other populations, while those three populations were fully fertile with each other. Reproductive incompatibility is due to lack of fertilization and is asymmetrical, affecting female fitness more than males. There was no effect of male or female mating history on reproductive incompatibility, indicating that PMPZ isolation persists between populations. We found no evidence of variability in fertilization outcomes attributable to different female × male genotype interactions, and in combination with our other results, suggests that PMPZ isolation is not driven by idiosyncratic genotype × genotype interactions. Our results show PMPZ isolation as a strong, consistent barrier to gene flow early during speciation and suggest several targets of selection known to affect ejaculate-female reproductive tract interactions within species that may cause this PMPZ isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhonda R. Snook
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Darolti I, Wright AE, Pucholt P, Berlin S, Mank JE. Slow evolution of sex-biased genes in the reproductive tissue of the dioecious plant Salix viminalis. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:694-708. [PMID: 29274186 PMCID: PMC5901004 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relative rate of evolution for sex‐biased genes has often been used as a measure of the strength of sex‐specific selection. In contrast to studies in a wide variety of animals, far less is known about the molecular evolution of sex‐biased genes in plants, particularly in dioecious angiosperms. Here, we investigate the gene expression patterns and evolution of sex‐biased genes in the dioecious plant Salix viminalis. We observe lower rates of sequence evolution for male‐biased genes expressed in the reproductive tissue compared to unbiased and female‐biased genes. These results could be partially explained by the lower codon usage bias for male‐biased genes leading to elevated rates of synonymous substitutions compared to unbiased genes. However, the stronger haploid selection in the reproductive tissue of plants, together with pollen competition, would also lead to higher levels of purifying selection acting to remove deleterious variation. Future work should focus on the differential evolution of haploid‐ and diploid‐specific genes to understand the selective dynamics acting on these loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Darolti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison E Wright
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Array and Analysis Facility, Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Berlin
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Haploid Selection Favors Suppressed Recombination Between Sex Chromosomes Despite Causing Biased Sex Ratios. Genetics 2017; 207:1631-1649. [PMID: 29051194 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, research on the evolution of sex chromosomes has focused on sexually antagonistic selection among diploids, which has been shown to be a potent driver of the strata and reduced recombination that characterize many sex chromosomes. However, significant selection can also occur on haploid genotypes during less conspicuous life cycle stages, e.g., competition among sperm/pollen or meiotic drive during gamete/spore production. These haploid selective processes are typically sex-specific, e.g., gametic/gametophytic competition typically occurs among sperm/pollen, and meiotic drive typically occurs during either spermatogenesis or oogenesis. We use models to investigate whether sex-specific selection on haploids could drive the evolution of recombination suppression on the sex chromosomes, as has been demonstrated for sex-specific selection among diploids. A potential complication is that zygotic sex-ratios become biased when haploid selected loci become linked to the sex-determining region because the zygotic sex ratio is determined by the relative number and fitness of X- vs. Y-bearing sperm. Despite causing biased zygotic sex-ratios, we find that a period of sex-specific haploid selection generally favors recombination suppression on the sex chromosomes. Suppressed recombination is favored because it allows associations to build up between haploid-beneficial alleles and the sex that experiences haploid selection most often (e.g., pollen beneficial alleles become strongly associated with the male determining region, Y or Z). Haploid selected loci can favor recombination suppression even in the absence of selective differences between male and female diploids. Overall, we expand our view of the sex-specific life cycle stages that can drive sex chromosome evolution to include gametic competition and meiotic drive. Based on our models, sex chromosomes should become enriched for genes that experience haploid selection, as is expected for genes that experience sexually antagonistic selection. Thus, we generate a number of predictions that can be evaluated in emerging sex chromosome systems.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lankinen Å, Hydbom S, Strandh M. Sexually antagonistic evolution caused by male-male competition in the pistil. Evolution 2017; 71:2359-2369. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lankinen
- Deparment of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; S-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Sofia Hydbom
- Deparment of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; S-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
- Department of Biology; Lund University; S-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Maria Strandh
- Deparment of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; S-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
- Department of Biology; Lund University; S-223 62 Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Two Loci Contribute Epistastically to Heterospecific Pollen Rejection, a Postmating Isolating Barrier Between Species. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:2151-2159. [PMID: 28512086 PMCID: PMC5499124 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recognition and rejection of heterospecific male gametes occurs in a broad range of taxa, although the complexity of mechanisms underlying these components of postmating cryptic female choice is poorly understood. In plants, the arena for postmating interactions is the female reproductive tract (pistil), within which heterospecific pollen tube growth can be arrested via active molecular recognition and rejection. Unilateral incompatibility (UI) is one such postmating barrier in which pollen arrest occurs in only one direction of an interspecific cross. We investigated the genetic basis of pistil-side UI between Solanum species, with the specific goal of understanding the role and magnitude of epistasis between UI QTL. Using heterospecific introgression lines (ILs) between Solanum pennellii and S. lycopersicum, we assessed the individual and pairwise effects of three chromosomal regions (ui1.1, ui3.1, and ui12.1) previously associated with interspecific UI among Solanum species. Specifically, we generated double introgression (‘pyramided’) genotypes that combined ui12.1 with each of ui1.1 and ui3.1, and assessed the strength of UI pollen rejection in the pyramided lines, compared to single introgression genotypes. We found that none of the three QTL individually showed UI rejection phenotypes, but lines combining ui3.1 and ui12.1 showed significant pistil-side pollen rejection. Furthermore, double ILs (DILs) that combined different chromosomal regions overlapping ui3.1 differed significantly in their rate of UI, consistent with at least two genetic factors on chromosome three contributing quantitatively to interspecific pollen rejection. Together, our data indicate that loci on both chromosomes 3 and 12 are jointly required for the expression of UI between S. pennellii and S. lycopersicum, suggesting that coordinated molecular interactions among a relatively few loci underlie the expression of this postmating prezygotic barrier. In addition, in conjunction with previous data, at least one of these loci appears to also contribute to conspecific self-incompatibility (SI), consistent with a partially shared genetic basis between inter- and intraspecific mechanisms of postmating prezygotic female choice.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wells SJ, Ji W, Gleeson D, Jones B, Dale J. Population Social Structure Facilitates Indirect Fitness Benefits from Extra-Pair Mating. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
26
|
Lankinen Å, Hydbom S. Effects of soil resources on expression of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity in a mixed-mating plant. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lankinen
- Plant Protection Biology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 102 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Sofia Hydbom
- Plant Protection Biology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 102 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
- Dept of Biology; Lund University; Ecology Building Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lankinen Å, Strandh M. Differential selection on pollen and pistil traits in relation to pollen competition in the context of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw061. [PMID: 27562796 PMCID: PMC5063087 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual conflict and its evolutionary consequences are understudied in plants, but the theory of sexual conflict may help explain how selection generates and maintains variability. Here, we investigated selection on pollen and pistil traits when pollen arrives sequentially to partially receptive pistils in relation to pollen competition and a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity in the mixed-mating annual Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae). In this species the conflict is generated by early fertilizing pollen that reduces seed production, which is counteracted by delaying receptivity in the recipient. We performed sequential two-donor pollinations at early floral developmental stages involving two pollen deposition schedules (with or without a time lag of 1 day), using only outcross or self and outcross pollen. We investigated pollen and pistil traits in relation to siring success (male fitness) and seed production (female fitness). In contrast to previous findings in receptive pistils in C. heterophylla and in other species, last arriving pollen donors showed highest siring success in partially receptive pistils. The last male advantage was weaker when self pollen was the first arriving donor. Two measures of germination rate (early and late) and pollen tube growth rate of first arriving donors were important for siring success in crosses with a time lag, while only late germination rate had an effect in contemporary crosses. Curiously, late stigma receptivity was negatively related to seed production in our contemporary crosses, which was opposite to expectation. Our results in combination with previous studies suggest that pollen and pistil traits in C. heterophylla are differentially advantageous depending on stage of floral development and varying pollen deposition schedules. Variation in success of these traits over floral development time may result from sexually antagonistic selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lankinen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, PO Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Maria Strandh
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, PO Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang J, Tao F, Marowsky NC, Fan C. Evolutionary Fates and Dynamic Functionalization of Young Duplicate Genes in Arabidopsis Genomes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:427-40. [PMID: 27485883 PMCID: PMC5074645 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication is a primary means to generate genomic novelties, playing an essential role in speciation and adaptation. Particularly in plants, a high abundance of duplicate genes has been maintained for significantly long periods of evolutionary time. To address the manner in which young duplicate genes were derived primarily from small-scale gene duplication and preserved in plant genomes and to determine the underlying driving mechanisms, we generated transcriptomes to produce the expression profiles of five tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana and the closely related species Arabidopsis lyrata and Capsella rubella Based on the quantitative analysis metrics, we investigated the evolutionary processes of young duplicate genes in Arabidopsis. We determined that conservation, neofunctionalization, and specialization are three main evolutionary processes for Arabidopsis young duplicate genes. We explicitly demonstrated the dynamic functionalization of duplicate genes along the evolutionary time scale. Upon origination, duplicates tend to maintain their ancestral functions; but as they survive longer, they might be likely to develop distinct and novel functions. The temporal evolutionary processes and functionalization of plant duplicate genes are associated with their ancestral functions, dynamic DNA methylation levels, and histone modification abundances. Furthermore, duplicate genes tend to be initially expressed in pollen and then to gain more interaction partners over time. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into the dynamic retention processes of young duplicate genes in plant genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Nicholas C Marowsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Chuanzhu Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lankinen Å, Niss J, Madjidian JA. Effect of root contact on pollen competitive ability in a hermaphroditic winter-annual herb. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Swanson RJ, Hammond AT, Carlson AL, Gong H, Donovan TK. Pollen performance traits reveal prezygotic nonrandom mating and interference competition in Arabidopsis thaliana. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:498-513. [PMID: 26928008 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The lack of ability to measure pollen performance traits in mixed pollinations has been a major hurdle in understanding the mechanisms of differential success of compatible pollen donors. In previous work, we demonstrated that nonrandom mating between two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col) and Landsberg (Ler), is mediated by the male genotype. Despite these genetic insights, it was unclear at what stage of reproduction these genes were acting. Here, we used an experimental strategy that allowed us to differentiate different pollen populations in mixed pollinations to ask: (1) What pollen performance traits differed between Col and Ler accessions that direct nonrandom mating? (2) Is there evidence of interference competition? METHODS We used genetically marked pollen that can be visualized colorimetrically to quantify pollen performance of single populations of pollen in mixed pollinations. We used this and other assays to measure pollen viability, germination, tube growth, patterns of fertilization, and seed abortion. Finally, we assessed interference competition. RESULTS In mixed pollinations on Col pistils, Col pollen sired significantly more seeds than Ler pollen. Col pollen displayed higher pollen viability, faster and greater pollen germination, and faster pollen tube growth. We saw no evidence of nonrandom seed abortion. Finally, we found interference competition occurs in mixed pollinations. CONCLUSION The lack of differences in postzygotic processes coupled with direct observation of pollen performance traits indicates that nonrandom mating in Arabidopsis thaliana is prezygotic, due mostly to differential pollen germination and pollen tube growth rates. Finally, this study unambiguously demonstrates the existence of interference competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Swanson
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 USA
| | - Adam T Hammond
- Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Ann L Carlson
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 USA
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383 USA
| | - Thad K Donovan
- Smith Donovan Marketing & Communications, Chesterton, Indiana 46304 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lankinen Å, Smith HG, Andersson S, Madjidian JA. Selection on pollen and pistil traits during pollen competition is affected by both sexual conflict and mixed mating in a self-compatible herb. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:541-552. [PMID: 26542842 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Although much attention has focused on the diversity of plant mating systems, only a few studies have considered the joint effects of mating system and sexual conflict in plant evolution. In mixed-mating Collinsia heterophylla, a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity is proposed: pollen with a capacity to induce early onset of stigma receptivity secures paternity for early-arriving pollen (at the expense of reduced maternal seed set), whereas late onset of stigma receptivity mitigates the negative effects of early-arriving pollen. Here we investigated whether selection on pollen and pistil traits involved in sexual conflict is affected by the presence of both outcross- and self-pollen (mixed mating) during pollen competition. METHODS We conducted two-donor crosses at different floral developmental stages to explore male fitness (siring ability) and female fitness (seed set) in relation to male and female identity, pollen and pistil traits, and type of competitor pollen (outcross vs. self). KEY RESULTS Late-fertilizing pollen rather than rapidly growing pollen tubes was most successful in terms of siring success, especially in competition with self-pollen after pollination at early floral stages. Late stigma receptivity increased seed set after early-stage pollinations, in agreement with selection against antagonistic pollen. CONCLUSIONS Selection on pollen and pistil traits in C. heterophylla is affected by both sexual conflict and mixed mating, suggesting the importance of jointly considering these factors in plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lankinen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, P.O. Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Andersson
- Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Josefin A Madjidian
- Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Williams JH, Edwards JA, Ramsey AJ. Economy, efficiency, and the evolution of pollen tube growth rates. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:471-483. [PMID: 26936897 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) is an important aspect of male gametophyte performance because of its central role in the fertilization process. Theory suggests that under intense competition, PTGRs should evolve to be faster, especially if PTGR accurately reflects gametophyte quality. Oddly, we know remarkably little about how effectively the work of tube construction is translated to elongation (growth and growth rate). Here we test the prediction that pollen tubes grow equally efficiently by comparing the scaling of wall production rate (WPR) to PTGR in three water lilies that flower concurrently: Nymphaea odorata, Nuphar advena and Brasenia schreberi. METHODS Single-donor pollinations on flower or carpel pairs were fixed just after pollen germination (time A) and 45 min later (time B). Mean PTGR was calculated as the average increase in tube length over that growth period. Tube circumferences (C) and wall thicknesses (W) were measured at time B. For each donor, WPR = mean (C × W) × mean PTGR. KEY RESULTS Within species, pollen tubes maintained a constant WPR to PTGR ratio, but species had significantly different ratios. N. odorata and N. advena had similar PTGRs, but for any given PTGR, they had the lowest and highest WPRs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We showed that growth rate efficiencies evolved by changes in the volume of wall material used for growth and in how that material was partitioned between lateral and length dimensions. The economics of pollen tube growth are determined by tube design, which is consequent on trade-offs between efficient growth and other pollen tube functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Jacob A Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Adam J Ramsey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Williams JH, Mazer SJ. Pollen--tiny and ephemeral but not forgotten: New ideas on their ecology and evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:365-74. [PMID: 26980838 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have been interested in the functional biology of pollen since the discovery in the 1800s that pollen grains encompass tiny plants (male gametophytes) that develop and produce sperm cells. After the discovery of double fertilization in flowering plants, botanists in the early 1900s were quick to explore the effects of temperature and maternal nutrients on pollen performance, while evolutionary biologists began studying the nature of haploid selection and pollen competition. A series of technical and theoretic developments have subsequently, but usually separately, expanded our knowledge of the nature of pollen performance and how it evolves. Today, there is a tremendous diversity of interests that touch on pollen performance, ranging from the ecological setting on the stigma, structural and physiological aspects of pollen germination and tube growth, the form of pollen competition and its role in sexual selection in plants, virus transmission, mating system evolution, and inbreeding depression. Given the explosion of technical knowledge of pollen cell biology, computer modeling, and new methods to deal with diversity in a phylogenetic context, we are now more than ever poised for a new era of research that includes complex functional traits that limit or enhance the evolution of these deceptively simple organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Susan J Mazer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93105 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McCallum B, Chang SM. Pollen competition in style: Effects of pollen size on siring success in the hermaphroditic common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:460-70. [PMID: 26905086 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Pollen size varies greatly among flowering plant species and has been shown to influence the delivery of sperm cells to the eggs. Relatively little is known, however, about the functional significance of within-species genetic variation in pollen size. This study tests whether pollen size influences the relative siring success of a pollen donor during in vivo pollen competition experiments. METHODS We used two groups of Ipomoea purpurea plants genetically divergent in their pollen sizes and applied equal number of pollen grains from one large-pollen and one small-pollen donor onto the same stigma. Using microsatellite genetic markers, we identified the pollen parent of each of the resulting progeny to determine the relative siring success of the competing donors. Competitions between donors of equal-sized pollen served as a control. KEY RESULTS Differences in pollen size significantly affected the relative siring success of a pollen donor; larger-grained individuals outcompeted smaller-grained competitors but not equal-sized competitors. Relative siring success, however, sometimes varied across different pollen recipients. CONCLUSIONS Pollen size can influence the relative siring success of different individuals competing on the same stigma during postpollination processes. However, other factors, such as pollen-pistil interaction and environmental conditions, are likely to influence these competitions as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britnie McCallum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Shu-Mei Chang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marshall DL, Evans AS. Can selection on a male mating character result in evolutionary change? A selection experiment on California wild radish, Raphanus sativus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:553-567. [PMID: 26872491 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Whenever more pollen grains arrive on stigmas than necessary to fertilize ovules, sexual selection is possible. However, the role of sexual selection remains controversial, in part because of lack of evidence on genetic bases of traits and the response of relevant characters to selection. METHODS In an experiment with Raphanus sativus, we selected on tendency to sire seeds in the stylar or basal regions of fruits. This character is likely related to pollen tube growth rate, and seed position affects rates of abortion and seed predation. We measured differences among families in seed siring and related characters and evaluated responses to selection. KEY RESULTS All replicates showed strong effects of pollen donor family on proportion of seeds sired per fruit in mixed pollinations. Most also showed effects of pollen donor family on number of pollen grains per flower and pollen diameter. Two of four replicates showed a response to selection on position of seeds sired. In responding replicates, we found trade-offs in pollen grain size and number; plants with larger pollen grains sired more seeds in the basal region. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a genetic basis for pollen donor ability to sire seeds in competition. The significant response to selection in two replicates shows that position of seeds sired can respond to selection. Thus, all components for sexual selection to occur and affect traits are present. Variation in results among replicates might be due to changes in greenhouse conditions. Environmental effects may contribute to the maintenance of variation in these fitness-related characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Marshall
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Ann S Evans
- Department of Biology, 99 Thomas Nelson Drive, Thomas Nelson Community College, Hampton, Virginia 23666 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Male-male competition drives sexual selection and group spawning in the Omei treefrog, Rhacophorus omeimontis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
37
|
Lipinska AP, Van Damme EJM, De Clerck O. Molecular evolution of candidate male reproductive genes in the brown algal model Ectocarpus. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26728038 PMCID: PMC4700764 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionary studies of genes that mediate recognition between sperm and egg contribute to our understanding of reproductive isolation and speciation. Surface receptors involved in fertilization are targets of sexual selection, reinforcement, and other evolutionary forces including positive selection. This observation was made across different lineages of the eukaryotic tree from land plants to mammals, and is particularly evident in free-spawning animals. Here we use the brown algal model species Ectocarpus (Phaeophyceae) to investigate the evolution of candidate gamete recognition proteins in a distant major phylogenetic group of eukaryotes. RESULTS Male gamete specific genes were identified by comparing transcriptome data covering different stages of the Ectocarpus life cycle and screened for characteristics expected from gamete recognition receptors. Selected genes were sequenced in a representative number of strains from distant geographical locations and varying stages of reproductive isolation, to search for signatures of adaptive evolution. One of the genes (Esi0130_0068) showed evidence of selective pressure. Interestingly, that gene displayed domain similarities to the receptor for egg jelly (REJ) protein involved in sperm-egg recognition in sea urchins. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a male gamete specific gene with similarity to known gamete recognition receptors and signatures of adaptation. Altogether, this gene could contribute to gamete interaction during reproduction as well as reproductive isolation in Ectocarpus and is therefore a good candidate for further functional evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka P Lipinska
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Diploid organisms manipulate the extent to which their haploid gametes experience selection. Animals typically produce sperm with a diploid complement of most proteins and RNA, limiting selection on the haploid genotype. Plants, however, exhibit extensive expression in pollen, with actively transcribed haploid genomes. Here we analyze models that track the evolution of genes that modify the strength of haploid selection to predict when evolution intensifies and when it dampens the "selective arena" within which male gametes compete for fertilization. Considering deleterious mutations, evolution leads diploid mothers to strengthen selection among haploid sperm/pollen, because this reduces the mutation load inherited by their diploid offspring. If, however, selection acts in opposite directions in haploids and diploids ("ploidally antagonistic selection"), mothers evolve to reduce haploid selection to avoid selectively amplifying alleles harmful to their offspring. Consequently, with maternal control, selection in the haploid phase either is maximized or reaches an intermediate state, depending on the deleterious mutation rate relative to the extent of ploidally antagonistic selection. By contrast, evolution generally leads diploid fathers to mask mutations in their gametes to the maximum extent possible, whenever masking (e.g., through transcript sharing) increases the average fitness of a father's gametes. We discuss the implications of this maternal-paternal conflict over the extent of haploid selection and describe empirical studies needed to refine our understanding of haploid selection among seemingly diploid organisms.
Collapse
|
39
|
Habel JC, Husemann M, Ulrich W. Patterns of contact call differentiation in the panmictic East African Abyssinian White-eye Zosterops abyssinicus (Aves: Passeriformes). Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5974-82. [PMID: 26811769 PMCID: PMC4717331 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution patterns range from highly disjunct to continuous, depending on their ecological demands and the availability of respective habitats. East African savannahs are mostly interconnected and ecologically comparatively homogenous and thus provide a prerequisite for a rather panmictic distribution pattern for species occurring in this habitat. The Abyssinian white-eye Zosterops abyssinicus is a savannah inhabiting bird species, representing such a continuous distribution. This species occurs in high abundances and is very mobile, and past population genetic studies have suggested that gene flow is high and genetic differentiation is low even across relatively large geographic distances. Further, only little morphological differences were found. In order to test for potential divergence in acoustic traits despite its interconnected geographic distribution, we analyzed 2795 contact calls of Z. abyssinicus, which were recorded at 19 sites across Kenya. Our data indicate weak, but significant differentiation in call characteristics across latitudinal gradients. We found strong changes in call characteristics in populations where Z. abyssinicus occurs in sympatry with its highland congener, Zosterops poliogaster. However, the changes in call characteristics in sympatry were in different directions and lead to strong differentiation of the sympatric populations to other conspecific populations potentially representing a case of cascade reinforcement. The detected spatial gradients likely result from ecological differences and balancing effects of natural and sexual selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Christian Habel
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universität München D-85354 Freising Germany
| | - Martin Husemann
- General Zoology Institute of Biology Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Pl-87-100 Toruń Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reinhardt K, Dobler R, Abbott J. An Ecology of Sperm: Sperm Diversification by Natural Selection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using basic ecological concepts, we introduce sperm ecology as a framework to study sperm cells. First, we describe environmental effects on sperm and conclude that evolutionary and ecological research should not neglect the overwhelming evidence presented here (both in external and internal fertilizers and in terrestrial and aquatic habitats) that sperm function is altered by many environments, including the male environment. Second, we determine that the evidence for sperm phenotypic plasticity is overwhelming. Third, we find that genotype-by-environment interaction effects on sperm function exist, but their general adaptive significance (e.g., local adaptation) awaits further research. It remains unresolved whether sperm diversification occurs by natural selection acting on sperm function or by selection on male and female microenvironments that enable optimal plastic performance of sperm (sperm niches). Environmental effects reduce fitness predictability under sperm competition, predict species distributions under global change, explain adaptive behavior, and highlight the role of natural selection in behavioral ecology and reproductive medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;,
| | - Ralph Dobler
- Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;,
| | - Jessica Abbott
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jenkins HL, Bishop JDD, Hughes RN. Prudent female allocation by modular hermaphrodites: female investment is promoted by the opportunity to outcross in cyclostome bryozoans. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Jenkins
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom; Plymouth Devon UK
- School of Biological Sciences; Bangor University; Bangor Gwynedd UK
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; London UK
| | - John D. D. Bishop
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom; Plymouth Devon UK
| | - Roger N. Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences; Bangor University; Bangor Gwynedd UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Knief U, Schielzeth H, Ellegren H, Kempenaers B, Forstmeier W. A prezygotic transmission distorter acting equally in female and male zebra finchesTaeniopygia guttata. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3846-59. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Knief
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 82319 Seewiesen Germany
| | - Holger Schielzeth
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Bielefeld University; Morgenbreede 45 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans Ellegren
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 82319 Seewiesen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Forstmeier
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 82319 Seewiesen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hersh E, Madjidian JA, Andersson S, Strandh M, Armbruster WS, Lankinen Å. Sexual antagonism in the pistil varies among populations of a hermaphroditic mixed-mating plant. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1321-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Hersh
- Biodiversity; Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. A. Madjidian
- Biodiversity; Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - S. Andersson
- Biodiversity; Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - M. Strandh
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Plant Protection Biology; Alnarp Sweden
| | - W. S. Armbruster
- School of Biological Science; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
- Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska; Fairbanks AK USA
- Department of Biology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Å. Lankinen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Plant Protection Biology; Alnarp Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vega-Trejo R, Head ML, Jennions MD. Evidence for inbreeding depression in a species with limited opportunity for maternal effects. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1398-404. [PMID: 25897379 PMCID: PMC4395169 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is often assumed that mating with close relatives reduces offspring fitness. In such cases, reduced offspring fitness may arise from inbreeding depression (i.e., genetic effects of elevated homozygosity) or from post-mating maternal investment. This can be due to a reduction in female investment after mating with genetically incompatible males ("differential allocation") or compensation for incompatibility ("reproductive compensation"). Here, we looked at the effects of mating with relatives on offspring fitness in mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. In this species, females are assumed to be nonplacental and to allocate resources to eggs before fertilization, limiting differential allocation. We looked at the effects of mating with a brother or with an unrelated male on brood size, offspring size, gestation period, and early offspring growth. Mating with a relative reduced the number of offspring at birth, but there was no difference in the likelihood of breeding, gestation time, nor in the size or growth of these offspring. We suggest that due to limited potential for maternal effects to influence these traits that any reduction in offspring fitness, or lack thereof, can be explained by inbreeding depression rather than by maternal effects. We highlight the importance of considering the potential role of maternal effects when studying inbreeding depression and encourage further studies in other Poeciliid species with different degrees of placentation to test whether maternal effects mask or amplify any genetic effects of mating with relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Vega-Trejo
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lankinen Å, Karlsson Green K. Using theories of sexual selection and sexual conflict to improve our understanding of plant ecology and evolution. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv008. [PMID: 25613227 PMCID: PMC4344479 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Today it is accepted that the theories of sexual selection and sexual conflict are general and can be applied to both animals and plants. However, potentially due to a controversial history, plant studies investigating sexual selection and sexual conflict are relatively rare. Moreover, these theories and concepts are seldom implemented in research fields investigating related aspects of plant ecology and evolution. Even though these theories are complex, and can be difficult to study, we suggest that several fields in plant biology would benefit from incorporating and testing the impact of selection pressures generated by sexual selection and sexual conflict. Here we give examples of three fields where we believe such incorporation would be particularly fruitful, including (i) mechanisms of pollen-pistil interactions, (ii) mating-system evolution in hermaphrodites and (iii) plant immune responses to pests and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lankinen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, PO Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kristina Karlsson Green
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, PO Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Luo Z, Hu M, Hong M, Li C, Gu Q, Gu Z, Liao C, Zhao M, Wu H. Outbreeding avoidance as probable driver of mate choice in the
A
siatic toad. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Luo
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - M. Hu
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - M. Hong
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - C. Li
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - Q. Gu
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan China
| | - Z. Gu
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan China
| | - C. Liao
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan China
| | - M. Zhao
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - Hua Wu
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Hermaphrodites combine the male and female sex functions into a single individual, either sequentially or simultaneously. This simple fact means that they exhibit both similarities and differences in the way in which they experience, and respond to, sexual conflict compared to separate-sexed organisms. Here, we focus on clarifying how sexual conflict concepts can be adapted to apply to all anisogamous sexual systems and review unique (or especially important) aspects of sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals. These include conflicts over the timing of sex change in sequential hermaphrodites, and in simultaneous hermaphrodites, over both sex roles and the postmating manipulation of the sperm recipient by the sperm donor. Extending and applying sexual conflict thinking to hermaphrodites can identify general evolutionary principles and help explain some of the unique reproductive diversity found among animals exhibiting this widespread but to date understudied sexual system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schärer
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Janicke
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Steven A Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Husemann M, Ulrich W, Habel JC. The evolution of contact calls in isolated and overlapping populations of two white-eye congeners in East Africa (Aves, Zosterops). BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:115. [PMID: 24885807 PMCID: PMC4057569 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Closely related species often occur in geographic isolation, yet sometimes form contact zones with the potential to hybridize. Pre-zygotic barriers may prevent cross breeding in such contact zones. In East Africa, White-eye birds have evolved into various species, inhabiting different habitat types. Zosterops poliogaster is found in cool and moist cloud forests at higher elevations, whereas Z. abyssinicus is distributed across the dry and hot lowland savannahs. In most areas, these two species occur allopatrically, but in the contact zone where the mountain meets the savannah, the distributions of these species sometimes overlap (parapatry), and in a few areas the two taxa occur sympatrically. Acoustic communication is thought to be an important species recognition mechanism in birds and an effective prezygotic barrier for hybridisation. We recorded contact calls of both the lowland and highland species in (i) distinct populations (allopatry), (ii) along contact zones (parapatry), and (iii) in overlapping populations (sympatry) to test for species and population differentiation. Results We found significant differences in call characteristics between the highland and lowland species, in addition to call differentiation within species. The highland Z. poliogaster shows a strong call differentiation among local populations, accompanied by comparatively low variability in their contact calls within populations (i.e. a small acoustic space). In contrast, calls of the lowland Z. abyssinicus are not differentiated among local sites but show relatively high variability in calls within single populations. Call patterns in both species show geographic clines in relation to latitude and longitude. Calls from parapatric populations from both species showed greater similarity to the other taxon in comparison to heterospecific populations found in allopatry. However, where the two species occur sympatrically, contact calls of both species are more distinct from each other than in either allopatric or parapatric populations. Conclusion The contrasting patterns reflect divergent spatial distributions: the highland Z. poliogaster populations are highly disjunct, while Z. abyssinicus lowland populations are interconnected. Higher similarity in contact calls of heterospecific populations might be due to intermixing. In contrast, sympatric populations show reproductive character displacement which leads to strongly divergent call patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Christian Habel
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Impact of dams on distribution, population structure, and hybridization of two species of California freshwater sculpin (Cottus). CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
50
|
Losada JM, Herrero M. Glycoprotein composition along the pistil of Malus x domestica and the modulation of pollen tube growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 25316555 PMCID: PMC3890559 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of pollen tube growth are not constant, but display distinct patterns of growth within the different tissues of the pistil. In the stigma, the growth rate is slow and autotrophic, whereas in the style, it is rapid and heterotrophic. Very little is known about the interactions between these distinct maternal tissues and the traversing pollen tube and the role of this interaction on the observed metabolism. In this work we characterise pollen tube growth in the apple flower and look for differences in glycoprotein epitope localization between two different maternal tissues, the stigma and the style. RESULTS While immunocytochemically-detected arabinogalactan proteins were present at high levels in the stigma, they were not detected in the transmitting tissue of the style, where extensins were abundant. Whereas extensins remained at high levels in unpollinated pistils, they were no longer present in the style following pollen tube passage. Similarily, while abundant in unpollinated styles, insoluble polysaccharides such as β-glucans, were depleted in pollinated pistils. CONCLUSIONS The switch from autotropic to heterotrophic pollen tube growth correlates spatially with a change of glycoprotein epitopes between the stigma and the style. The depletion of extensins and polysaccharides following pollen tube passage in the style suggest a possible contribution to the acceleration of heterotrophic pollen tube growth, which would imply an active contribution of female tissues on prezygotic male-female crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Losada
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station CSIC, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
- Present address: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre Street, 02131 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Herrero
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station CSIC, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|