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Hanaford AR, Khanna A, James K, Truong V, Liao R, Chen Y, Mulholland M, Kayser EB, Watanabe K, Hsieh ES, Sedensky M, Morgan PG, Kalia V, Sarkar S, Johnson SC. Interferon-gamma contributes to disease progression in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12977. [PMID: 38680020 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Leigh syndrome (LS), the most common paediatric presentation of genetic mitochondrial dysfunction, is a multi-system disorder characterised by severe neurologic and metabolic abnormalities. Symmetric, bilateral, progressive necrotizing lesions in the brainstem are defining features of the disease. Patients are often symptom free in early life but typically develop symptoms by about 2 years of age. The mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression in LS remain obscure. Recent studies have shown that the immune system causally drives disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) mouse model of LS: treatment of Ndufs4(-/-) mice with the macrophage-depleting Csf1r inhibitor pexidartinib prevents disease. While the precise mechanisms leading to immune activation and immune factors involved in disease progression have not yet been determined, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) were found to be significantly elevated in Ndufs4(-/-) brainstem, implicating these factors in disease. Here, we aimed to explore the role of IFNγ and IP10 in LS. METHODS To establish the role of IFNγ and IP10 in LS, we generated IFNγ and IP10 deficient Ndufs4(-/-)/Ifng(-/-) and Ndufs4(-/-)/IP10(-/-) double knockout animals, as well as IFNγ and IP10 heterozygous, Ndufs4(-/-)/Ifng(+/-) and Ndufs4(-/-)/IP10(+/-), animals. We monitored disease onset and progression to define the impact of heterozygous or homozygous loss of IFNγ and IP10 in LS. RESULTS Loss of IP10 does not significantly impact the onset or progression of disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model. IFNγ loss significantly extends survival and delays disease progression in a gene dosage-dependent manner, though the benefits are modest compared to Csf1r inhibition. CONCLUSIONS IFNγ contributes to disease onset and progression in LS. Our findings suggest that IFNγ targeting therapies may provide some benefits in genetic mitochondrial disease, but targeting IFNγ alone would likely yield only modest benefits in LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Asheema Khanna
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vivian Truong
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan Liao
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ernst-Bernhard Kayser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kino Watanabe
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Shien Hsieh
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philip G Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Tavasoli A, Kachuei M, Talebi S, Eghdami S. Complex mitochondrial disease caused by the mutation of COX10 in a toddler: a case-report study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3753-3756. [PMID: 38846886 PMCID: PMC11152868 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Cytochrome C oxidase (COX) deficiency is an uncommon inherited metabolic disorder. It is identified by a lack of the COX, also known as Complex IV. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the rate-limiting and oxygen-accepting step of the respiratory chain within the subcellular structures called mitochondria. The deficiency of COX can either be restricted to skeletal muscle tissues or can impact multiple tissues throughout the body. Case presentation A 3-year-old girl was admitted due to muscle weakness and a decline in developmental milestones 7 days after a significant stressor. Leukodystrophy was observed in the brain magnetic resonance imaging, and genome sequencing identified a homozygous mutation in exon 1 and 7 of chromosome 17. This mutation led to a deficiency in COX10, which is a component of mitochondrial complex IV. Clinical discussion In the medical field, inherited metabolic disorders can be complex to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions. Mitochondria's oxidative phosphorylation system, including the COX enzyme complex, plays a crucial role in energy production. Mitochondrial disorders, including COX deficiency, can present at various stages of life with diverse symptoms. Treatment options focus on supportive care and potential benefits from supplements like coenzyme-Q10 and small-molecule therapies targeting mitochondrial function. Identifying genetic mutations is key for advancing treatments in this area. Conclusion This report presents a unique case of developmental regression and muscle weakness in a paediatric patient, which can be attributed to a rare occurrence of type 3 nuclear mitochondrial complex IV deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Tavasoli
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hazrat-e Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Maryam Kachuei
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hazrat-e Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)
| | - Shayan Eghdami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Suomalainen A, Nunnari J. Mitochondria at the crossroads of health and disease. Cell 2024; 187:2601-2627. [PMID: 38788685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria reside at the crossroads of catabolic and anabolic metabolism-the essence of life. How their structure and function are dynamically tuned in response to tissue-specific needs for energy, growth repair, and renewal is being increasingly understood. Mitochondria respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses and can alter cell and organismal function by inducing metabolic signaling within cells and to distal cells and tissues. Here, we review how the centrality of mitochondrial functions manifests in health and a broad spectrum of diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Suomalainen
- University of Helsinki, Stem Cells and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jodi Nunnari
- Altos Labs, Bay Area Institute, Redwood Shores, CA, USA.
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4
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Agostini F, Pereyra L, Dale J, Yambire KF, Maglioni S, Schiavi A, Ventura N, Milosevic I, Raimundo N. Up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis by lysosomal defects requires a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. J Biol Chem 2024:107403. [PMID: 38782205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes are two organelles that carry out both signaling and metabolic roles in cells. Recent evidence has shown that mitochondria and lysosomes are dependent on one another, as primary defects in one cause secondary defects in the other. Although there are functional impairments in both cases, the signaling consequences of primary mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal defects are dissimilar. Here, we used RNA sequencing to obtain transcriptomes from cells with primary mitochondrial or lysosomal defects to identify the global cellular consequences associated with mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunction. We used these data to determine the pathways affected by defects in both organelles, which revealed a prominent role for the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We observed a transcriptional up-regulated of this pathway in cellular and murine models of lysosomal defects, while it is transcriptionally down-regulated in cellular and murine models of mitochondrial defects. We identified a role for the post-transcriptional regulation of transcription factor SREBF1, a master regulator of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, in models of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Furthermore, we found that retention of Ca2+ in lysosomes of cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects contributes to the differential regulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the mitochondrial and lysosomal defects tested. Finally, we verified in vivo, using a model of mitochondria-associated disease in C. elegans, that normalization of lysosomal Ca2+ levels results in partial rescue of the developmental delay induced by the respiratory chain deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo Pereyra
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Justin Dale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - King Faisal Yambire
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ira Milosevic
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Multidisciplinary Institute for Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Romero Domínguez JM, Talaverón-Rey M, Reche-López D, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Romero-González A, López-Cabrera A, Oliveira MCD, Rodríguez-Sacristan A, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Polydatin and Nicotinamide Rescue the Cellular Phenotype of Mitochondrial Diseases by Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) Activation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:598. [PMID: 38786005 PMCID: PMC11118892 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases result from mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, encoding proteins crucial for mitochondrial structure or function. Given that few disease-specific therapies are available for mitochondrial diseases, novel treatments to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction are necessary. In this work, we explored new therapeutic options in mitochondrial diseases using fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients with mutations in the GFM1 gene. This gene encodes the essential mitochondrial translation elongation factor G1 involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Due to the severe mitochondrial defect, mutant GFM1 fibroblasts cannot survive in galactose medium, making them an ideal screening model to test the effectiveness of pharmacological compounds. We found that the combination of polydatin and nicotinamide enabled the survival of mutant GFM1 fibroblasts in stress medium. We also demonstrated that polydatin and nicotinamide upregulated the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR), especially the SIRT3 pathway. Activation of mtUPR partially restored mitochondrial protein synthesis and expression, as well as improved cellular bioenergetics. Furthermore, we confirmed the positive effect of the treatment in GFM1 mutant induced neurons obtained by direct reprogramming from patient fibroblasts. Overall, we provide compelling evidence that mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for GFM1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Romero Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Juan Miguel Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Alejandra López-Cabrera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Marta Castro De Oliveira
- Neuropediatria, Neurolinkia, C. Jardín de la Isla, 8, Local 4 y 5, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;
- FEA Pediatría, Centro Universitario Hospitalar de Faro, R. Leão Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Sacristan
- Neuropediatría, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología, Radiología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.D.); (M.T.-R.); (D.R.-L.); (J.M.S.-R.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
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Alfatah M, Lim JJJ, Zhang Y, Naaz A, Cheng TYN, Yogasundaram S, Faidzinn NA, Lin JJ, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F. Uncharacterized yeast gene YBR238C, an effector of TORC1 signaling in a mitochondrial feedback loop, accelerates cellular aging via HAP4- and RMD9-dependent mechanisms. eLife 2024; 12:RP92178. [PMID: 38713053 PMCID: PMC11076046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the regulators of cellular aging will unravel the complexity of aging biology and identify potential therapeutic interventions to delay the onset and progress of chronic, aging-related diseases. In this work, we systematically compared genesets involved in regulating the lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a powerful model organism to study the cellular aging of humans) and those with expression changes under rapamycin treatment. Among the functionally uncharacterized genes in the overlap set, YBR238C stood out as the only one downregulated by rapamycin and with an increased chronological and replicative lifespan upon deletion. We show that YBR238C and its paralog RMD9 oppositely affect mitochondria and aging. YBR238C deletion increases the cellular lifespan by enhancing mitochondrial function. Its overexpression accelerates cellular aging via mitochondrial dysfunction. We find that the phenotypic effect of YBR238C is largely explained by HAP4- and RMD9-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that genetic- or chemical-based induction of mitochondrial dysfunction increases TORC1 (Target of Rapamycin Complex 1) activity that, subsequently, accelerates cellular aging. Notably, TORC1 inhibition by rapamycin (or deletion of YBR238C) improves the shortened lifespan under these mitochondrial dysfunction conditions in yeast and human cells. The growth of mutant cells (a proxy of TORC1 activity) with enhanced mitochondrial function is sensitive to rapamycin whereas the growth of defective mitochondrial mutants is largely resistant to rapamycin compared to wild type. Our findings demonstrate a feedback loop between TORC1 and mitochondria (the TORC1-MItochondria-TORC1 (TOMITO) signaling process) that regulates cellular aging processes. Hereby, YBR238C is an effector of TORC1 modulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jolyn Jia Jia Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Arshia Naaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Trishia Yi Ning Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Sonia Yogasundaram
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Nashrul Afiq Faidzinn
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jovian Jing Lin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- LASA – Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbHWeißwasserGermany
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- LASA – Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbHWeißwasserGermany
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU)SingaporeSingapore
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7
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Nithianandam V, Sarkar S, Feany MB. Pathways controlling neurotoxicity and proteostasis in mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:860-871. [PMID: 38324746 PMCID: PMC11070137 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders caused by dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are common, severe and untreatable. We recovered a number of mitochondrial genes, including electron transport chain components, in a large forward genetic screen for mutations causing age-related neurodegeneration in the context of proteostasis dysfunction. We created a model of complex I deficiency in the Drosophila retina to probe the role of protein degradation abnormalities in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Using our genetic model, we found that complex I deficiency regulates both the ubiquitin/proteasome and autophagy/lysosome arms of the proteostasis machinery. We further performed an in vivo kinome screen to uncover new and potentially druggable mechanisms contributing to complex I related neurodegeneration and proteostasis failure. Reduction of RIOK kinases and the innate immune signaling kinase pelle prevented neurodegeneration in complex I deficiency animals. Genetically targeting oxidative stress, but not RIOK1 or pelle knockdown, normalized proteostasis markers. Our findings outline distinct pathways controlling neurodegeneration and protein degradation in complex I deficiency and introduce an experimentally facile model in which to study these debilitating and currently treatment-refractory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Nithianandam
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, 5425 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, 5425 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| | - Mel B Feany
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, 5425 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
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8
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Ma T, Xu G, Gao T, Zhao G, Huang G, Shi J, Chen J, Song J, Xia J, Ma X. Engineered Exosomes with ATF5-Modified mRNA Loaded in Injectable Thermogels Alleviate Osteoarthritis by Targeting the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21383-21399. [PMID: 38626424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) progression is highly associated with chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and disorders of catabolism and anabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the articular cartilage. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an integral component of the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, is essential for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis. We successfully validated the pivotal role of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in upregulating the UPRmt, mitigating IL-1β-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoting balanced metabolism in articular cartilage ECM, proving its potential as a promising therapeutic target for OA. Modified mRNAs (modRNAs) have emerged as novel and efficient gene delivery vectors for nucleic acid therapeutic approaches. In this study, we combined Atf5-modRNA (modAtf5) with engineered exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (ExmodAtf5) to exert cytoprotective effects on chondrocytes in articular cartilage via Atf5. However, the rapid localized metabolization of ExmodAtf5 limits its application. PLGA-PEG-PLGA (Gel), an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel, was used as a carrier of ExmodAtf5 (Gel@ExmodAtf5) to achieve a sustained release of ExmodAtf5. In vitro and in vivo, the use of Gel@ExmodAtf5 was shown to be a highly effective strategy for OA treatment. The in vivo therapeutic effect of Gel@ExmodAtf5 was evidenced by the preservation of the intact cartilage surface, low OARSI scores, fewer osteophytes, and mild subchondral bone sclerosis and cystic degeneration. Consequently, the combination of ExmodAtf5 and PLGA-PEG-PLGA could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy and prolong the exosome release. In addition, the mitochondrial protease ClpP enhanced chondrocyte autophagy by modulating the mTOR/Ulk1 pathway. As a result of our research, Gel@ExmodAtf5 can be considered to be effective at alleviating the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Gangyong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
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9
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Spencer KA, Howe MN, Mulholland MT, Truong V, Liao RW, Chen Y, Setha M, Snell JC, Hanaford A, James K, Morgan PG, Sedensky MM, Johnson SC. Impact of dietary ketosis on volatile anesthesia toxicity in a model of Leigh syndrome. Paediatr Anaesth 2024; 34:467-476. [PMID: 38358320 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mitochondrial diseases impact over 1 in 4000 individuals, most often presenting in infancy or early childhood. Seizures are major clinical sequelae in some mitochondrial diseases including Leigh syndrome, the most common pediatric presentation of mitochondrial disease. Dietary ketosis has been used to manage seizures in mitochondrial disease patients. Mitochondrial disease patients often require surgical interventions, leading to anesthetic exposures. Anesthetics have been shown to be toxic in the setting of mitochondrial disease, but the impact of a ketogenic diet on anesthetic toxicities in this setting has not been studied. AIMS Our aim in this study was to determine whether dietary ketosis impacts volatile anesthetic toxicities in the setting of genetic mitochondrial disease. METHODS The impact of dietary ketosis on toxicities of volatile anesthetic exposure in mitochondrial disease was studied by exposing young Ndufs4(-/-) mice fed ketogenic or control diet to isoflurane anesthesia. Blood metabolites were measured before and at the end of exposures, and survival and weight were monitored. RESULTS Compared to a regular diet, the ketogenic diet exacerbated hyperlactatemia resulting from isoflurane exposure (control vs. ketogenic diet in anesthesia mean difference 1.96 mM, Tukey's multiple comparison adjusted p = .0271) and was associated with a significant increase in mortality during and immediately after exposures (27% vs. 87.5% mortality in the control and ketogenic diet groups, respectively, during the exposure period, Fisher's exact test p = .0121). Our data indicate that dietary ketosis and volatile anesthesia interact negatively in the setting of mitochondrial disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that extra caution should be taken in the anesthetic management of mitochondrial disease patients in dietary ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A Spencer
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miranda N Howe
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Vivian Truong
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ryan W Liao
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Monyreak Setha
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John C Snell
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allison Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philip G Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret M Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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10
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Reynaud-Dulaurier R, Clément R, Yjjou S, Cresson C, Saoudi Y, Faideau M, Decressac M. The Blood-Brain Barrier Is Unaffected in the Ndufs4-/- Mouse Model of Leigh Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4828. [PMID: 38732047 PMCID: PMC11084937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in physiological aging and in many pathological conditions. Yet, no study has explored the consequence of primary mitochondrial deficiency on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure and function. Addressing this question has major implications for pharmacological and genetic strategies aimed at ameliorating the neurological symptoms that are often predominant in patients suffering from these conditions. In this study, we examined the permeability of the BBB in the Ndufs4-/- mouse model of Leigh syndrome (LS). Our results indicated that the structural and functional integrity of the BBB was preserved in this severe model of mitochondrial disease. Our findings suggests that pharmacological or gene therapy strategies targeting the central nervous system in this mouse model and possibly other models of mitochondrial dysfunction require the use of specific tools to bypass the BBB. In addition, they raise the need for testing the integrity of the BBB in complementary in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Decressac
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (R.R.-D.); (R.C.); (S.Y.); (C.C.); (Y.S.); (M.F.)
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11
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Zheng W, Li K, Zhong M, Wu K, Zhou L, Huang J, Liu L, Chen Z. Mitophagy activation by rapamycin enhances mitochondrial function and cognition in 5×FAD mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114889. [PMID: 38301932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by severe mitochondrial dysfunction, which is an intracellular process that is significantly compromised in the early stages of AD. Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, is a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, augmented autophagy and mitigated cognitive impairment. Our study revealed that rapamycin enhances cognitive function by activating mitophagy, alleviating neuronal loss, and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in 5 ×FAD mice. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effect of rapamycin in AD were negated by treatment with 3-MA, a mitophagy inhibitor. Overall, our findings suggest that rapamycin ameliorates cognitive impairment in 5 ×FAD mice via mitophagy activation and its downstream PINK1-Parkin pathway, which aids in the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) and damaged mitochondria. This study reveals a novel mechanism involving mitophagy regulation underlying the therapeutic effect of rapamycin in AD. This study provides new insights and therapeutic targets for rapamycin in the treatment of AD. However, there are still some shortcomings in this topic; if we can further knock out the PINK1/Parkin gene in animals or use siRNA technology, we can further confirm the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kualiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Meihua Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kejun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Lele Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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12
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Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. A comprehensive review on signaling attributes of serine and serine metabolism in health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129607. [PMID: 38253153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Serine is a metabolite with ever-expanding metabolic and non-metabolic signaling attributes. By providing one‑carbon units for macromolecule biosynthesis and functional modifications, serine and serine metabolism largely impinge on cellular survival and function. Cancer cells frequently have a preference for serine metabolic reprogramming to create a conducive metabolic state for survival and aggressiveness, making intervention of cancer-associated rewiring of serine metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Beyond providing methyl donors for methylation in modulation of innate immunity, serine metabolism generates formyl donors for mitochondrial tRNA formylation which is required for mitochondrial function. Interestingly, fully developed neurons lack the machinery for serine biosynthesis and rely heavily on astrocytic l-serine for production of d-serine to shape synaptic plasticity. Here, we recapitulate recent discoveries that address the medical significance of serine and serine metabolism in malignancies, mitochondrial-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Metabolic control and epigenetic- and posttranslational regulation of serine metabolism are also discussed. Given the metabolic similarities between cancer cells, neurons and germ cells, we further propose the relevance of serine metabolism in testicular homeostasis. Our work provides valuable hints for future investigations that will lead to a deeper understanding of serine and serine metabolism in cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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13
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Iyer SH, Yeh MY, Netzel L, Lindsey MG, Wallace M, Simeone KA, Simeone TA. Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders, Affective Disorders and Cognitive Impairment Comorbid with Epilepsy: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Nutrients 2024; 16:553. [PMID: 38398876 PMCID: PMC10893388 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy often occurs with other neurological disorders, such as autism, affective disorders, and cognitive impairment. Research indicates that many neurological disorders share a common pathophysiology of dysfunctional energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the use of metabolic therapies for these disorders with or without the context of epilepsy. Over one hundred years ago, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was formulated as a treatment for epilepsy. For those who cannot tolerate the KD, other diets have been developed to provide similar seizure control, presumably through similar mechanisms. These include, but are not limited to, the medium-chain triglyceride diet, low glycemic index diet, and calorie restriction. In addition, dietary supplementation with ketone bodies, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or triheptanoin may also be beneficial. The proposed mechanisms through which these diets and supplements work to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability involve normalization of aberrant energy metabolism, dampening of inflammation, promotion of endogenous antioxidants, and reduction of gut dysbiosis. This raises the possibility that these dietary and metabolic therapies may not only exert anti-seizure effects, but also reduce comorbid disorders in people with epilepsy. Here, we explore this possibility and review the clinical and preclinical evidence where available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy A. Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.H.I.); (K.A.S.)
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14
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Buonvicino D, Pratesi S, Ranieri G, Pistolesi A, Guasti D, Chiarugi A. The mitochondriogenic but not the immunosuppressant effects of mTOR inhibitors prompt neuroprotection and delay disease evolution in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106387. [PMID: 38142841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Purportedly, the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs when neurodegenerative processes due to derangement of axonal bioenergetics take over the autoimmune response. However, a clear picture of the causative interrelationship between autoimmunity and axonal mitochondrial dysfunction in progressive MS (PMS) pathogenesis waits to be provided. METHODS In the present study, by adopting the NOD mouse model of PMS, we compared the pharmacological effects of the immunosuppressants dexamethasone and fingolimod with those of mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus that, in addition to immunosuppression, also regulate mitochondrial functioning. Female Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice were immunized with MOG35-55 and treated with drugs to evaluate functional, immune and mitochondrial parameters during disease evolution. RESULTS We found that dexamethasone and fingolimod did not affect the pattern of progression as well as survival. Conversely, mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus delayed disease progression and robustly extended survival of immunized mice. The same effects were obtained when treatment was delayed by 30 days after immunization. Remarkably, dexamethasone and fingolimod prompted the same degree of immunosuppression of rapamycin within both spleen and spinal cord of mice. However, only rapamycin prompted mitochondriogenesis by increasing mitochondrial content, and expression of several mitochondrial respiratory complex subunits, thereby preventing mtDNA reduction in the spinal cords of immunized mice. These pharmacodynamic effects were not reproduced in healthy NOD mice, suggesting a disease context-dependent pharmacodynamic effect. DISCUSSION Data corroborate the key role of mitochondriogenesis to treatment of MS progression, and for the first time disclose the translational potential of mTOR inhibitors in PMS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistolesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Lopes AG, Loganathan SK, Caliaperumal J. Rett Syndrome and the Role of MECP2: Signaling to Clinical Trials. Brain Sci 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38391695 PMCID: PMC10886956 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder that mostly affects females, with a frequency of 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 live birth cases. Symptoms include stereotyped hand movements; impaired learning, language, and communication skills; sudden loss of speech; reduced lifespan; retarded growth; disturbance of sleep and breathing; seizures; autism; and gait apraxia. Pneumonia is the most common cause of death for patients with Rett syndrome, with a survival rate of 77.8% at 25 years of age. Survival into the fifth decade is typical in Rett syndrome, and the leading cause of death is cardiorespiratory compromise. Rett syndrome progression has multiple stages; however, most phenotypes are associated with the nervous system and brain. In total, 95% of Rett syndrome cases are due to mutations in the MECP2 gene, an X-linked gene that encodes for the methyl CpG binding protein, a regulator of gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the field of Rett syndrome and therapeutics targeting MECP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Gaspar Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sampath Kumar Loganathan
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Departments of Experimental Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jayalakshmi Caliaperumal
- Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2M7, Canada
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16
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Aguilar K, Canal C, Comes G, Díaz-Clavero S, Llanos MA, Quintana A, Sanz E, Hidalgo J. Interleukin-6-elicited chronic neuroinflammation may decrease survival but is not sufficient to drive disease progression in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38212783 PMCID: PMC10782699 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are genetic disorders characterized by dysfunctions in mitochondria. Clinical data suggest that additional factors, beyond genetics, contribute to the onset and progression of this group of diseases, but these influencing factors remain largely unknown. Mounting evidence indicates that immune dysregulation or distress could play a role. Clinical observations have described the co-incidence of infection and the onset of the disease as well as the worsening of symptoms following infection. These findings highlight the complex interactions between MDs and immunity and underscore the need to better understand their underlying relationships. RESULTS We used Ndufs4 KO mice, a well-established mouse model of Leigh syndrome (one of the most relevant MDs), to test whether chronic induction of a neuroinflammatory state in the central nervous system before the development of neurological symptoms would affect both the onset and progression of the disease in Ndufs4 KO mice. To this aim, we took advantage of the GFAP-IL6 mouse, which overexpresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) in astrocytes and produces chronic glial reactivity, by generating a mouse line with IL-6 overexpression and NDUFS4 deficiency. IL-6 overexpression aggravated the mortality of female Ndufs4 KO mice but did not alter the main motor and respiratory phenotypes measured in any sex. Interestingly, an abnormal region-dependent microglial response to IL-6 overexpression was observed in Ndufs4 KO mice compared to controls. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate that chronic neuroinflammation may worsen the disease in Ndufs4 KO female mice, but not in males, and uncovers an abnormal microglial response due to OXPHOS dysfunction, which may have implications for our understanding of the effect of OXPHOS dysfunction in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aguilar
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Canal
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Comes
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-Clavero
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Angeles Llanos
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Quintana
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Sanz
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 08193.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Gropman AL, Uittenbogaard MN, Chiaramello AE. Challenges and opportunities to bridge translational to clinical research for personalized mitochondrial medicine. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00311. [PMID: 38266483 PMCID: PMC10903101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare and heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria leading to deficient adenosine triphosphate synthesis and chronic energy deficit in patients. The majority of these patients exhibit a wide range of phenotypic manifestations targeting several organ systems, making their clinical diagnosis and management challenging. Bridging translational to clinical research is crucial for improving the early diagnosis and prognosis of these intractable mitochondrial disorders and for discovering novel therapeutic drug candidates and modalities. This review provides the current state of clinical testing in mitochondrial disorders, discusses the challenges and opportunities for converting basic discoveries into clinical settings, explores the most suited patient-centric approaches to harness the extraordinary heterogeneity among patients affected by the same primary mitochondrial disorder, and describes the current outlook of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Martine N Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anne E Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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18
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Anjum S, Srivastava S, Panigrahi L, Ansari UA, Trivedi AK, Ahmed S. TORC1 mediated regulation of mitochondrial integrity and calcium ion homeostasis by Wat1/mLst8 in S. pombe. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126907. [PMID: 37717872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The mTOR complexes play a fundamental role in mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular homeostasis. Wat1, an ortholog of mammalian Lst8 is an important component of TOR complex and is essential for the regulation of downstream signaling. Earlier we reported the role of Wat1 in oxidative stress response. Here, we have shown that the abrogation of wat1 causes respiratory defects and mitochondrial depolarization that leads to a decrease in ATP production. The confocal and electron microscopy in wat1Δ cells revealed the fragmented mitochondrial morphology implying its role in mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, we also showed its role in autophagy and the maintenance of calcium ion homeostasis. Additionally, tor2-287 mutant cells also exhibit defects in mitochondrial integrity indicating the TORC1-dependent involvement of Wat1 in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. The interaction studies of Wat1 and Tor2 with Por1 and Mmm1 proteins revealed a plausible cross-talk between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum through the Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex, involving TORC1. Taken together, this study demonstrates the involvement of Wat1/mLst8 in harmonizing various mitochondrial functions, redox status, and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simmi Anjum
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Lalita Panigrahi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Uzair Ahmad Ansari
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicological Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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19
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Geibl FF, Henrich MT, Xie Z, Zampese E, Tkatch T, Wokosin DL, Nasiri E, Grotmann CA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Chandel NS, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ. α-Synuclein pathology disrupts mitochondrial function in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons at-risk in Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.571045. [PMID: 38168401 PMCID: PMC10759995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Pathological accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (aSYN) is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms by which intracellular aSYN pathology contributes to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the brain are still unclear. A potentially relevant target of aSYN is the mitochondrion. To test this hypothesis, genetic and physiological methods were used to monitor mitochondrial function in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cholinergic neurons after stereotaxic injection of aSYN pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse brain. Methods aSYN PPFs were stereotaxically injected into the SNc or PPN of mice. Twelve weeks later, mice were studied using a combination of approaches, including immunocytochemical analysis, cell- type specific transcriptomic profiling, electron microscopy, electrophysiology and two-photon-laser- scanning microscopy of genetically encoded sensors for bioenergetic and redox status. Results In addition to inducing a significant neuronal loss, SNc injection of PFFs induced the formation of intracellular, phosphorylated aSYN aggregates selectively in dopaminergic neurons. In these neurons, PFF-exposure decreased mitochondrial gene expression, reduced the number of mitochondria, increased oxidant stress, and profoundly disrupted mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Consistent with an aSYN-induced bioenergetic deficit, the autonomous spiking of dopaminergic neurons slowed or stopped. PFFs also up-regulated lysosomal gene expression and increased lysosomal abundance, leading to the formation of Lewy-like inclusions. Similar changes were observed in PPN cholinergic neurons following aSYN PFF exposure. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that disruption of mitochondrial function, and the subsequent bioenergetic deficit, is a proximal step in the cascade of events induced by aSYN pathology leading to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons at-risk in PD.
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20
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Bhatt V, Tiwari AK. Sirtuins, a key regulator of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1167-1192. [PMID: 35549800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent class ІΙΙ histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) present from lower to higher organisms such as bacteria (Sulfolobus solfataricus L. major), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), even in plants such as rice (Oryza sativa), thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), vine (Vitis vinifera L.) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of various vital cellular functions during metabolism and ageing. It also plays a neuroprotective role by modulating several biological pathways such as apoptosis, DNA repair, protein aggregation, and inflammatory processes associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated Sirtuins and its role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Further, this review also describes the therapeutic potential of Sirtuins and the use of Sirtuins inhibitor/activator for altering the NDDs disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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21
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Zhang M, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Inhibition of the NF-κB and mTOR targets by urolithin A attenuates D-galactose-induced aging in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10375-10386. [PMID: 37921630 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Urolithin A (Uro-A), an intestinal microbiota metabolite of ellagitannin, has anti-aging properties. Through the direct intake of ellagitannin (or ellagic acid) and strains capable of producing Uro-A, the transformation of Uro-A in vivo is a potential method to develop anti-aging preparations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between the colonic infusion of Uro-A and its anti-aging effects. Results indicated that Uro-A exhibited a dose-dependent anti-aging effect in the colon, and the minimum effective dose might be 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1. The main manifestations were that, compared with the model group, 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 and 15.0 mg kg-1 day-1 of Uro-A can increase forelimb grip strength by 11.87% and 16.72%, respectively, and increase the discrimination index by 92.14% and 238.11%, respectively. Both doses effectively inhibited the D-galactose-induced increase in oxidative stress levels in the body, muscle atrophy, and neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, Uro-A released through the colon could alleviate D-galactose-induced aging in mice by inhibiting NF-κB and mTOR targets, providing significant protection for motor and cognitive functions. These findings provide a theoretical basis for future application and development of ellagitannin (or ellagic acid) in combination with strains capable of producing Uro-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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22
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Cosialls E, Pacreau E, Duruel C, Ceccacci S, Elhage R, Desterke C, Roger K, Guerrera C, Ducloux R, Souquere S, Pierron G, Nemazanyy I, Kelly M, Dalmas E, Chang Y, Goffin V, Mehrpour M, Hamaï A. mTOR inhibition suppresses salinomycin-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer stem cells by ironing out mitochondrial dysfunctions. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:744. [PMID: 37968262 PMCID: PMC10651934 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer by efficiently targeting the highly tumorigenic and treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). We previously showed that the lysosomal iron-targeting drug Salinomycin (Sal) was able to eliminate CSCs by triggering ferroptosis. Here, in a well-established breast CSCs model (human mammary epithelial HMLER CD24low/CD44high), we identified that pharmacological inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), suppresses Sal-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, mTOR inhibition modulates iron cellular flux and thereby limits iron-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, integration of multi-omics data identified mitochondria as a key target of Sal action, leading to profound functional and structural alteration prevented by mTOR inhibition. On top of that, we found that Sal-induced metabolic plasticity is mainly dependent on the mTOR pathway. Overall, our findings provide experimental evidence for the mechanisms of mTOR as a crucial effector of Sal-induced ferroptosis pointing not only that metabolic reprogramming regulates ferroptosis, but also providing proof-of-concept that careful evaluation of such combination therapy (here mTOR and ferroptosis co-targeting) is required in the development of an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cosialls
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
- Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Pacreau
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Duruel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
- Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sara Ceccacci
- Proteomic Core Facility, Université de Paris - Structure Fédérative de Recherche - Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Rima Elhage
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
- Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Kevin Roger
- Proteomic Core Facility, Université de Paris - Structure Fédérative de Recherche - Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomic Core Facility, Université de Paris - Structure Fédérative de Recherche - Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Romane Ducloux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
- Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- CNRS, UMR9196, Villejuif, France - Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Gérard Pierron
- CNRS, UMR9196, Villejuif, France - Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Metabolic Core Facility, Université de Paris - Structure Fédérative de Recherche - Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Mairead Kelly
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Yunhua Chang
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
- Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Team 5 and Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Ferostem group, F-75015, Paris, France.
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23
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Hanaford AR, Khanna A, Truong V, James K, Chen Y, Mulholland M, Kayser B, Liao RW, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Andrew Baertsch N, Kalia V, Sarkar S, Johnson SC. Peripheral macrophages drive CNS disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13192. [PMID: 37552802 PMCID: PMC10580015 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, or Leigh syndrome (LS), is the most common pediatric presentation of genetic mitochondrial disease. LS is a multi-system disorder with severe neurologic, metabolic, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The presence of progressive, symmetric, and necrotizing lesions in the brainstem are a defining feature of the disease, and the major cause of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis have been elusive. Recently, we demonstrated that high-dose pexidartinib, a CSF1R inhibitor, prevents LS CNS lesions and systemic disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) mouse model of LS. While the dose-response in this study implicated peripheral immune cells, the immune populations involved have not yet been elucidated. Here, we used a targeted genetic tool, deletion of the colony-stimulating Factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) macrophage super-enhancer FIRE (Csf1rΔFIRE), to specifically deplete microglia and define the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of LS. Homozygosity for the Csf1rΔFIRE allele ablates microglia in both control and Ndufs4(-/-) animals, but onset of CNS lesions and sequalae in the Ndufs4(-/-), including mortality, are only marginally impacted by microglia depletion. The overall development of necrotizing CNS lesions is not altered, though microglia remain absent. Finally, histologic analysis of brainstem lesions provides direct evidence of a causal role for peripheral macrophages in the characteristic CNS lesions. These data demonstrate that peripheral macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Asheema Khanna
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Vivian Truong
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Bernhard Kayser
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ryan W. Liao
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nathan Andrew Baertsch
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Simon C. Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational BioscienceNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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24
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Spencer KA, Mulholland M, Snell J, Howe M, James K, Hanaford AR, Morgan PG, Sedensky M, Johnson SC. Volatile anaesthetic toxicity in the genetic mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:832-846. [PMID: 37770252 PMCID: PMC10636522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anaesthetics are widely used in human medicine. Although generally safe, hypersensitivity and toxicity can occur in rare cases, such as in certain genetic disorders. Anaesthesia hypersensitivity is well-documented in a subset of mitochondrial diseases, but whether volatile anaesthetics are toxic in this setting has not been explored. METHODS We exposed Ndufs4(-/-) mice, a model of Leigh syndrome, to isoflurane (0.2-0.6%), oxygen 100%, or air. Cardiorespiratory function, weight, blood metabolites, and survival were assessed. We exposed post-symptom onset and pre-symptom onset animals and animals treated with the macrophage depleting drug PLX3397/pexidartinib to define the role of overt neuroinflammation in volatile anaesthetic toxicities. RESULTS Isoflurane induced hyperlactataemia, weight loss, and mortality in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner from 0.2% to 0.6% compared with carrier gas (O2 100%) or mock (air) exposures (lifespan after 30-min exposures ∗P<0.05 for isoflurane 0.4% vs air or vs O2, ∗∗P<0.005 for isoflurane 0.6% vs air or O2; 60-min exposures ∗∗P<0.005 for isoflurane 0.2% vs air, ∗P<0.05 for isoflurane 0.2% vs O2). Isoflurane toxicity was significantly reduced in Ndufs4(-/-) exposed before CNS disease onset, and the macrophage depleting drug pexidartinib attenuated sequelae of isoflurane toxicity (survival ∗∗∗P=0.0008 isoflurane 0.4% vs pexidartinib plus isoflurane 0.4%). Finally, the laboratory animal standard of care of 100% O2 as a carrier gas contributed significantly to weight loss and reduced survival, but not to metabolic changes, and increased acute mortality. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane is toxic in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome. Toxic effects are dependent on the status of underlying neurologic disease, largely prevented by the CSF1R inhibitor pexidartinib, and influenced by oxygen concentration in the carrier gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A Spencer
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - John Snell
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda Howe
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Allison R Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip G Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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25
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Bornstein R, Mulholland MT, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Johnson SC. Glutamine metabolism in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103887. [PMID: 37586651 PMCID: PMC10773532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In recent years, altered glutamine metabolism has been found to play important roles in the pathologic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutamine is a pleiotropic molecule, not only providing an alternate carbon source to glucose in certain conditions, but also playing unique roles in cellular communication in neurons and astrocytes. Glutamine consumption and catabolic flux can be significantly altered in settings of genetic mitochondrial defects or exposure to mitochondrial toxins, and alterations to glutamine metabolism appears to play a particularly significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. These include primary mitochondrial diseases like Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) and MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy with encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), as well as complex age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pharmacologic interventions targeting glutamine metabolizing and catabolizing pathways appear to provide some benefits in cell and animal models of these diseases, indicating glutamine metabolism may be a clinically relevant target. In this review, we discuss glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial disease, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamine metabolic processes, glutamine in neurodegeneration, and candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bornstein
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael T Mulholland
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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26
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Blagosklonny MV. Towards disease-oriented dosing of rapamycin for longevity: does aging exist or only age-related diseases? Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6632-6640. [PMID: 37477535 PMCID: PMC10415559 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Both individuals taking rapamycin, an anti-aging drug, and those not taking it will ultimately succumb to age-related diseases. However, the former, if administered disease-oriented dosages for a long time, may experience a delayed onset of such diseases and live longer. The goal is to delay a particular disease that is expected to be life-limiting in a particular person. Age-related diseases, quasi-programmed during development, progress at varying rates in different individuals. Rapamycin is a prophylactic anti-aging drug that decelerates early development of age-related diseases. I further discuss hyperfunction theory of quasi-programmed diseases, which challenges the need for the traditional concept of aging itself.
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27
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Bobeica C, Niculet E, Craescu M, Parapiru EL, Corduneanu-Luca AM, Debita M, Pelin AM, Tiutiuca C, Vasile CI, Nicolescu AC, Miulescu M, Balan G, Tatu AL. Immunologic and nonimmunologic sclerodermal skin conditions - review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180221. [PMID: 37600771 PMCID: PMC10432860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma-like cutaneous lesions have been found in many pathological conditions and they have the clinical appearance of sclerotic or scleroatrophic lesions. Affected skin biopsies described histopathological changes similar to those of scleroderma located strictly on the skin or those of systemic sclerosis. These skin lesions can be found in inflammatory diseases with autoimmune substrate (generalized morphea, chronic graft versus host disease, eosinophilic fasciitis), tissue storage diseases (scleredema, scleromyxedema, nephrogenyc systemic fibrosis, systemic amyloidosis), metabolic diseases (porphyrya cutanea tarda, phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, scleredema diabeticorum), progeroid syndromes. Given the multiple etiologies of sclerodermal lesions, a correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bobeica
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena Niculet
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Craescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena-Laura Parapiru
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Debita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Carmen Tiutiuca
- Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Ionut Vasile
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Codrut Nicolescu
- Dermatology Department “Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Balan
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galaţi, Romania
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Meng L, Wu G. Recent advances in small molecules for improving mitochondrial disorders. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20476-20485. [PMID: 37435377 PMCID: PMC10331567 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are observed in various human diseases, including rare genetic disorders and complex acquired pathologies. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have dramatically expanded the understanding of multiple pathomechanisms involving mitochondrial disorders. However, the therapeutic methods for mitochondrial disorders are limited. For this reason, there is increasing interest in identifying safe and effective strategies to mitigate mitochondrial impairments. Small-molecule therapies hold promise for improving mitochondrial performance. This review focuses on the latest advances in developing bioactive compounds for treating mitochondrial disease, aiming to provide a broader perspective of fundamental studies that have been carried out to evaluate the effects of small molecules in regulating mitochondrial function. Novel-designed small molecules ameliorating mitochondrial functions are urgent for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Guanzhao Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao China
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Misra SK, Rosenholm JM, Pathak K. Functionalized and Nonfunctionalized Nanosystems for Mitochondrial Drug Delivery with Metallic Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:4701. [PMID: 37375256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of metallic nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic tool has significant potential to facilitate the treatment and diagnosis of mitochondria-based disorders. Recently, subcellular mitochondria have been trialed to cure pathologies that depend on their dysfunction. Nanoparticles made from metals and their oxides (including gold, iron, silver, platinum, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide) have unique modi operandi that can competently rectify mitochondrial disorders. Materials: This review presents insight into the recent research reports on exposure to a myriad of metallic nanoparticles that can alter the dynamic ultrastructure of mitochondria (via altering metabolic homeostasis), as well as pause ATP production, and trigger oxidative stress. The facts and figures have been compiled from more than a hundred PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus indexed articles that describe the essential functions of mitochondria for the management of human diseases. Result: Nanoengineered metals and their oxide nanoparticles are targeted at the mitochondrial architecture that partakes in the management of a myriad of health issues, including different cancers. These nanosystems not only act as antioxidants but are also fabricated for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, the biocompatibility, safety, and efficacy of using metal nanoparticles is contested among researchers, which will be discussed further in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kiran Misra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CSJM University Kanpur, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity (3rd Floor), Tykistökatu, 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah 206130, India
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30
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Olkhova EA, Smith LA, Bradshaw C, Gorman GS, Erskine D, Ng YS. Neurological Phenotypes in Mouse Models of Mitochondrial Disease and Relevance to Human Neuropathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119698. [PMID: 37298649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases represent the most common inherited neurometabolic disorders, for which no effective therapy currently exists for most patients. The unmet clinical need requires a more comprehensive understanding of the disease mechanisms and the development of reliable and robust in vivo models that accurately recapitulate human disease. This review aims to summarise and discuss various mouse models harbouring transgenic impairments in genes that regulate mitochondrial function, specifically their neurological phenotype and neuropathological features. Ataxia secondary to cerebellar impairment is one of the most prevalent neurological features of mouse models of mitochondrial dysfunction, consistent with the observation that progressive cerebellar ataxia is a common neurological manifestation in patients with mitochondrial disease. The loss of Purkinje neurons is a shared neuropathological finding in human post-mortem tissues and numerous mouse models. However, none of the existing mouse models recapitulate other devastating neurological phenotypes, such as refractory focal seizures and stroke-like episodes seen in patients. Additionally, we discuss the roles of reactive astrogliosis and microglial reactivity, which may be driving the neuropathology in some of the mouse models of mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as mechanisms through which cellular death may occur, beyond apoptosis, in neurons undergoing mitochondrial bioenergy crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Olkhova
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura A Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carla Bradshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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31
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Mannick JB, Lamming DW. Targeting the biology of aging with mTOR inhibitors. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:642-660. [PMID: 37142830 PMCID: PMC10330278 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic rapamycin promotes health and longevity in diverse model organisms. More recently, specific inhibition of mTORC1 to treat aging-related conditions has become the goal of basic and translational scientists, clinicians and biotechnology companies. Here, we review the effects of rapamycin on the longevity and survival of both wild-type mice and mouse models of human diseases. We discuss recent clinical trials that have explored whether existing mTOR inhibitors can safely prevent, delay or treat multiple diseases of aging. Finally, we discuss how new molecules may provide routes to the safer and more selective inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in the decade ahead. We conclude by discussing what work remains to be done and the questions that will need to be addressed to make mTOR inhibitors part of the standard of care for diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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32
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Bitto A, Grillo AS, Ito TK, Stanaway IB, Nguyen BMG, Ying K, Tung H, Smith K, Tran N, Velikanje G, Urfer SR, Snyder JM, Barton J, Sharma A, Kayser EB, Wang L, Smith DL, Thompson JW, DuBois L, DePaolo W, Kaeberlein M. Acarbose suppresses symptoms of mitochondrial disease in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. Nat Metab 2023; 5:955-967. [PMID: 37365290 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases represent a spectrum of disorders caused by impaired mitochondrial function, ranging in severity from mortality during infancy to progressive adult-onset disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized as a molecular hallmark of the biological ageing process. Rapamycin, a drug that increases lifespan and health during normative ageing, also increases survival and reduces neurological symptoms in a mouse model of the severe mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome. The Ndufs4 knockout (Ndufs4-/-) mouse lacks the complex I subunit NDUFS4 and shows rapid onset and progression of neurodegeneration mimicking patients with Leigh syndrome. Here we show that another drug that extends lifespan and delays normative ageing in mice, acarbose, also suppresses symptoms of disease and improves survival of Ndufs4-/- mice. Unlike rapamycin, acarbose rescues disease phenotypes independently of inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin. Furthermore, rapamycin and acarbose have additive effects in delaying neurological symptoms and increasing maximum lifespan in Ndufs4-/- mice. We find that acarbose remodels the intestinal microbiome and alters the production of short-chain fatty acids. Supplementation with tributyrin, a source of butyric acid, recapitulates some effects of acarbose on lifespan and disease progression, while depletion of the endogenous microbiome in Ndufs4-/- mice appears to fully recapitulate the effects of acarbose on healthspan and lifespan in these animals. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that alteration of the gut microbiome plays a significant role in severe mitochondrial disease and provides further support for the model that biological ageing and severe mitochondrial disorders share underlying common mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony S Grillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takashi K Ito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ian B Stanaway
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Harborview Medical Center, Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bao M G Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kejun Ying
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ngoc Tran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gunnar Velikanje
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvan R Urfer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Barton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura DuBois
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William DePaolo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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33
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Odame E, Li L, Nabilla JA, Cai H, Xiao M, Ye J, Chen Y, Kyei B, Dai D, Zhan S, Cao J, Guo J, Zhong T, Wang L, Zhang H. miR-145-3p Inhibits MuSCs Proliferation and Mitochondria Mass via Targeting MYBL1 in Jianzhou Big-Eared Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098341. [PMID: 37176056 PMCID: PMC10179409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth and injury-induced regeneration are controlled by skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) through myogenesis in postnatal animals. Meanwhile, myogenesis is accompanied by mitochondrial function and enzyme activity. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms involving non-coding RNAs including circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) remain largely unsolved. Here, we explored the myogenic roles of miR-145-3p and MYBL1 on muscle development and mitochondrial mass. We noticed that overexpression of miR-145-3p inhibited MuSCs proliferation and reduced the number of viable cells. Meanwhile, deficiency of miR-145-3p caused by LNAantimiR-145-3p or an inhibitor retarded the differentiation of MuSCs. miR-145-3p altered the mitochondrial mass in MuSCs. Moreover, miR-145-3p targeted and negatively regulated the expression of CDR1as and MYBL1. The knockdown of the MYBL1 using ASO-2'MOE modification simulated the inhibitory function of miR-145-3p on cell proliferation. Additionally, MYBL1 mediated the regulation of miR-145-3p on Vexin, VCPIP1, COX1, COX2, and Pax7. These imply that CDR1as/miR-145-3p/MYBL1/COX1, COX2, VCPIP1/Vexin expression at least partly results in a reduction in mitochondrial mass and MuSCs proliferation. These novel findings confirm the importance of mitochondrial mass during myogenesis and the boosting of muscle/meat development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odame
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Joshua Abdulai Nabilla
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - He Cai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bismark Kyei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dinghui Dai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chen B, Daneshgar N, Lee HC, Song LS, Dai DF. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Mediates Bradyarrhythmia in Leigh Syndrome Mitochondrial Disease Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051001. [PMID: 37237867 PMCID: PMC10215409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress has been implicated in aging and several cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in bradyarrhythmia is less clear. Mice with a germline deletion of Ndufs4 subunit respiratory complex I develop severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy resembling Leigh Syndrome (LS). Several types of cardiac bradyarrhythmia are present in LS mice, including a frequent sinus node dysfunction and episodic atrioventricular (AV) block. Treatment with the mitochondrial antioxidant Mitotempo or mitochondrial protective peptide SS31 significantly ameliorated the bradyarrhythmia and extended the lifespan of LS mice. Using an ex vivo Langendorff perfused heart with live confocal imaging of mitochondrial and total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we showed increased ROS in the LS heart, which was potentiated by ischemia-reperfusion. A simultaneous ECG recording showed a sinus node dysfunction and AV block concurrent with the severity of the oxidative stress. Treatment with Mitotempo abolished ROS and restored the sinus rhythm. Our study reveals robust evidence of the direct mechanistic roles of mitochondrial and total ROS in bradyarrhythmia in the setting of LS mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Our study also supports the potential clinical application of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants or SS31 for the treatment of LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyi Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Yasuda T, Ishihara T, Ichimura A, Ishihara N. Mitochondrial dynamics define muscle fiber type by modulating cellular metabolic pathways. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112434. [PMID: 37097817 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly developed after birth, consisting of glycolytic fast-twitch and oxidative slow-twitch fibers; however, the mechanisms of fiber-type-specific differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we found an unexpected role of mitochondrial fission in the differentiation of fast-twitch oxidative fibers. Depletion of the mitochondrial fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in mouse skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes results in specific reduction of fast-twitch muscle fibers independent of respiratory function. Altered mitochondrial fission causes activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway via mitochondrial accumulation of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), and rapamycin administration rescues the reduction of fast-twitch fibers in vivo and in vitro. Under Akt/mTOR activation, the mitochondria-related cytokine growth differentiation factor 15 is upregulated, which represses fast-twitch fiber differentiation. Our findings reveal a crucial role of mitochondrial dynamics in the activation of mTORC2 on mitochondria, resulting in the differentiation of muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Yasuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takaya Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ichimura
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
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36
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Willemse L, Terburgh K, Louw R. A ketogenic diet alters mTOR activity, systemic metabolism and potentially prevents collagen degradation associated with chronic alcohol consumption in mice. Metabolomics 2023; 19:43. [PMID: 37076659 PMCID: PMC10115735 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A ketogenic diet (KD), which is a high fat, low carbohydrate diet has been shown to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and alter the redox state. Inhibition of the mTOR complex has been associated with the attenuation and alleviation of various metabolic and- inflammatory diseases such as neurodegeneration, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Various metabolic pathways and signalling mechanisms have been explored to assess the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibition. However, chronic alcohol consumption has also been reported to alter mTOR activity, the cellular redox- and inflammatory state. Thus, a relevant question that remains is what effect chronic alcohol consumption would have on mTOR activity and overall metabolism during a KD-based intervention. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and a KD on the phosphorylation of the mTORC1 target p70S6K, systemic metabolism as well as the redox- and inflammatory state in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were fed either a control diet with/without alcohol or a KD with/without alcohol for three weeks. After the dietary intervention, samples were collected and subjected towards western blot analysis, multi-platform metabolomics analysis and flow cytometry. RESULTS Mice fed a KD exhibited significant mTOR inhibition and reduction in growth rate. Alcohol consumption alone did not markedly alter mTOR activity or growth rate but moderately increased mTOR inhibition in mice fed a KD. In addition, metabolic profiling showed alteration of several metabolic pathways as well as the redox state following consumption of a KD and alcohol. A KD was also observed to potentially prevent bone loss and collagen degradation associated with chronic alcohol consumption, as indicated by hydroxyproline metabolism. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the influence that a KD alongside alcohol intake can exert on not just mTOR, but also their effect on metabolic reprogramming and the redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Willemse
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Karin Terburgh
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Tan L, Qi X, Kong W, Jin J, Lu D, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Dong W, Shi X, Chen W, Wang J, Li K, Xie Y, Gao L, Guan F, Gao K, Li C, Wang C, Hu Z, Zhang L, Guo X, Shen B, Ma Y. A conditional knockout rat resource of mitochondrial protein-coding genes via a DdCBE-induced premature stop codon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2695. [PMID: 37058569 PMCID: PMC10104465 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of pathogenic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported to cause mitochondrial diseases, which still lack effective treatments. It is a huge challenge to install these mutations one by one. We repurposed the DddA-derived cytosine base editor to incorporate a premature stop codon in the mtProtein-coding genes to ablate mitochondrial proteins encoded in the mtDNA (mtProteins) instead of installing pathogenic variants and generated a library of both cell and rat resources with mtProtein depletion. In vitro, we depleted 12 of 13 mtProtein-coding genes with high efficiency and specificity, resulting in decreased mtProtein levels and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we generated six conditional knockout rat strains to ablate mtProteins using Cre/loxP system. Mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 8 and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 were specifically depleted in heart cells or neurons, resulting in heart failure or abnormal brain development. Our work provides cell and rat resources for studying the function of mtProtein-coding genes and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Weining Kong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachuan Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keru Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Guan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing, China
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Wahedi A, Soondram C, Murphy AE, Skene N, Rahman S. Transcriptomic analyses reveal neuronal specificity of Leigh syndrome associated genes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:243-260. [PMID: 36502462 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, inherited, complex neurometabolic disorder with genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Features present in affected patients range from classical stepwise developmental regression to ataxia, seizures, tremor, and occasionally psychiatric manifestations. Currently, more than 100 monogenic causes of Leigh syndrome have been identified, yet the pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine the cellular specificity within the brain of all genes currently associated with Leigh syndrome. Further, we aimed to investigate potential genetic commonalities between Leigh syndrome and other disorders with overlapping clinical features. Enrichment of our target genes within the brain was evaluated with co-expression (CoExp) network analyses constructed using existing UK Brain Expression Consortium data. To determine the cellular specificity of the Leigh associated genes, we employed expression weighted cell type enrichment (EWCE) analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data. Finally, CoExp network modules demonstrating enrichment of Leigh syndrome associated genes were then utilised for synaptic gene ontology analysis and heritability analysis. CoExp network analyses revealed that Leigh syndrome associated genes exhibit the highest levels of expression in brain regions most affected on MRI in affected patients. EWCE revealed significant enrichment of target genes in hippocampal and somatosensory pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the brain. Analysis of CoExp modules enriched with our target genes revealed preferential association with pre-synaptic structures. Heritability studies suggested some common enrichment between Leigh syndrome and Parkinson disease and epilepsy. Our findings suggest a primary mitochondrial dysfunction as the underlying basis of Leigh syndrome, with associated genes primarily expressed in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizia Wahedi
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chandika Soondram
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan E Murphy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Skene
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Karaa A, Klopstock T. Clinical trials in mitochondrial diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:229-250. [PMID: 36813315 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are some of the most common and complex inherited inborn errors of metabolism. Their molecular and phenotypic diversity has led to difficulties in finding disease-modifying therapies and clinical trial efforts have been slow due to multiple significant challenges. Lack of robust natural history data, difficulties in finding specific biomarkers, absence of well-validated outcome measures, and small patient numbers have made clinical trial design and conduct difficult. Encouragingly, new interest in treating mitochondrial dysfunction in common diseases and regulatory incentives to develop therapies for rare conditions have led to significant interest and efforts to develop drugs for primary mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review past and present clinical trials and future strategies of drug development in primary mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Karaa
- Mitochondrial Disease Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Network for mitochondrial disorders (mitoNET), Munich, Germany
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41
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Viscomi C, Zeviani M. Experimental therapy for mitochondrial diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:259-277. [PMID: 36813318 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are extremely heterogeneous genetic disorders due to faulty oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). No cure is currently available for these conditions, beside supportive interventions aimed at relieving complications. Mitochondria are under a double genetic control carried out by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and by nuclear DNA. Thus, not surprisingly, mutations in either genome can cause mitochondrial disease. Although mitochondria are usually associated with respiration and ATP synthesis, they play fundamental roles in a large number of other biochemical, signaling, and execution pathways, each being a potential target for therapeutic interventions. These can be classified as general therapies, i.e., potentially applicable to a number of different mitochondrial conditions, or therapies tailored to a single disease, i.e., personalized approaches, such as gene therapy, cell therapy, and organ replacement. Mitochondrial medicine is a particularly lively research field, and the last few years witnessed a steady increase in the number of clinical applications. This chapter will present the most recent therapeutic attempts emerged from preclinical work and an update of the currently ongoing clinical applications. We think that we are starting a new era in which the etiologic treatment of these conditions is becoming a realistic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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Kelly CJ, Couch RK, Ha VT, Bodart CM, Wu J, Huff S, Herrel NT, Kim HD, Zimmermann AO, Shattuck J, Pan YC, Kaeberlein M, Grillo AS. Iron status influences mitochondrial disease progression in Complex I-deficient mice. eLife 2023; 12:e75825. [PMID: 36799301 PMCID: PMC10030112 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by aberrant Complex I assembly and reduced activity of the electron transport chain is pathogenic in many genetic and age-related diseases. Mice missing the Complex I subunit NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4 (NDUFS4) are a leading mammalian model of severe mitochondrial disease that exhibit many characteristic symptoms of Leigh Syndrome including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, brain lesions, and premature death. NDUFS4 knockout mice have decreased expression of nearly every Complex I subunit. As Complex I normally contains at least 8 iron-sulfur clusters and more than 25 iron atoms, we asked whether a deficiency of Complex I may lead to iron perturbations, thereby accelerating disease progression. Consistent with this, iron supplementation accelerates symptoms of brain degeneration in these mice, while iron restriction delays the onset of these symptoms, reduces neuroinflammation, and increases survival. NDUFS4 knockout mice display signs of iron overload in the liver including increased expression of hepcidin and show changes in iron-responsive element-regulated proteins consistent with increased cellular iron that were prevented by iron restriction. These results suggest that perturbed iron homeostasis may contribute to pathology in Leigh Syndrome and possibly other mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Kelly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Reid K Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Vivian T Ha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Camille M Bodart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Judy Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sydney Huff
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Nicole T Herrel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Hyunsung D Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Azaad O Zimmermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jessica Shattuck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Yu-Chen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Anthony S Grillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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Role of Mitophagy in Regulating Intestinal Oxidative Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020480. [PMID: 36830038 PMCID: PMC9952109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is also a major site for maintaining redox homeostasis between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging. The quantity, quality, and functional integrity of mitochondria are crucial for regulating intracellular homeostasis and maintaining the normal physiological function of cells. The role of oxidative stress in human disease is well established, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Oxidative stress could result from an imbalance between ROS and the antioxidative system. Mitochondria are both the main sites of production and the main target of ROS. It is a vicious cycle in which initial ROS-induced mitochondrial damage enhanced ROS production that, in turn, leads to further mitochondrial damage and eventually massive intestinal cell death. Oxidative damage can be significantly mitigated by mitophagy, which clears damaged mitochondria. In this review, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitophagy and oxidative stress and their relationship in some intestinal diseases. We believe the reviews can provide new ideas and a scientific basis for researching antioxidants and preventing diseases related to oxidative damage.
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Mann JP, Duan X, Patel S, Tábara LC, Scurria F, Alvarez-Guaita A, Haider A, Luijten I, Page M, Protasoni M, Lim K, Virtue S, O'Rahilly S, Armstrong M, Prudent J, Semple RK, Savage DB. A mouse model of human mitofusin-2-related lipodystrophy exhibits adipose-specific mitochondrial stress and reduced leptin secretion. eLife 2023; 12:e82283. [PMID: 36722855 PMCID: PMC9937658 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in obesity and insulin resistance, but primary genetic mitochondrial dysfunction is generally not associated with these, arguing against a straightforward causal relationship. A rare exception, recently identified in humans, is a syndrome of lower body adipose loss, leptin-deficient severe upper body adipose overgrowth, and insulin resistance caused by the p.Arg707Trp mutation in MFN2, encoding mitofusin 2. How the resulting selective form of mitochondrial dysfunction leads to tissue- and adipose depot-specific growth abnormalities and systemic biochemical perturbation is unknown. To address this, Mfn2R707W/R707W knock-in mice were generated and phenotyped on chow and high fat diets. Electron microscopy revealed adipose-specific mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. Oxidative phosphorylation measured in isolated mitochondria was unperturbed, but the cellular integrated stress response was activated in adipose tissue. Fat mass and distribution, body weight, and systemic glucose and lipid metabolism were unchanged, however serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations, and their secretion from adipose explants were reduced. Pharmacological induction of the integrated stress response in wild-type adipocytes also reduced secretion of leptin and adiponectin, suggesting an explanation for the in vivo findings. These data suggest that the p.Arg707Trp MFN2 mutation selectively perturbs mitochondrial morphology and activates the integrated stress response in adipose tissue. In mice, this does not disrupt most adipocyte functions or systemic metabolism, whereas in humans it is associated with pathological adipose remodelling and metabolic disease. In both species, disproportionate effects on leptin secretion may relate to cell autonomous induction of the integrated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Mann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Satish Patel
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Luis Carlos Tábara
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fabio Scurria
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ineke Luijten
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Koini Lim
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Virtue
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Popoiu TA, Dudek J, Maack C, Bertero E. Cardiac Involvement in Mitochondrial Disorders. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:76-87. [PMID: 36802007 PMCID: PMC9977856 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review pathophysiology and clinical features of mitochondrial disorders manifesting with cardiomyopathy. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanistic studies have shed light into the underpinnings of mitochondrial disorders, providing novel insights into mitochondrial physiology and identifying new therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare genetic diseases that are caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or in nuclear genes that are essential to mitochondrial function. The clinical picture is extremely heterogeneous, the onset can occur at any age, and virtually, any organ or tissue can be involved. Since the heart relies primarily on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to fuel contraction and relaxation, cardiac involvement is common in mitochondrial disorders and often represents a major determinant of their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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47
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Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Integrated Stress Response as Promising Therapeutic Targets for Mitochondrial Diseases. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010020. [PMID: 36611815 PMCID: PMC9818186 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of high-throughput omics technologies have enabled a more in-depth understanding of mitochondrial biosynthesis metabolism and the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases. In accordance with this, a host of new treatments for mitochondrial disease are emerging. As an essential pathway in maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is not only of considerable significance for mitochondrial substance metabolism but also plays a fundamental role in the development of mitochondrial diseases. Furthermore, in mammals, the integrated stress response (ISR) and UPRmt are strongly coupled, functioning together to maintain mitochondrial function. Therefore, ISR and UPRmt show great application prospects in the treatment of mitochondrial diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of ISR and UPRmt and focus on them as potential targets for mitochondrial disease therapy.
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48
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Warwick AM, Bomze HM, Wang L, Klingeborn M, Hao Y, Stinnett SS, Gospe III SM. Continuous Hypoxia Reduces Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:21. [PMID: 36538003 PMCID: PMC9769749 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test whether continuous hypoxia is neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a mouse model of mitochondrial optic neuropathy. Methods RGC degeneration was assessed in genetically modified mice in which the floxed gene for the complex I subunit NDUFS4 is deleted from RGCs using Vlgut2-driven Cre recombinase. Beginning at postnatal day 25 (P25), Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice and control littermates were housed under hypoxia (11% oxygen) or kept under normoxia (21% oxygen). Survival of RGC somas and axons was assessed at P60 and P90 via histological analysis of retinal flatmounts and optic nerve cross-sections, respectively. Retinal tissue was also assessed for gliosis and neuroinflammation using western blot and immunofluorescence. Results Consistent with our previous characterization of this model, at least one-third of RGCs had degenerated by P60 in Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice remaining under normoxia. However, continuous hypoxia resulted in complete rescue of RGC somas and axons at this time point, with normal axonal myelination observed on electron microscopy. Though only partial, hypoxia-mediated rescue of complex I-deficient RGC somas and axons remained significant at P90. Hypoxia prevented reactive gliosis at P60, but the retinal accumulation of Iba1+ mononuclear phagocytic cells was not substantially reduced. Conclusions Continuous hypoxia achieved dramatic rescue of early RGC degeneration in mice with severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Although complete rescue was not durable to P90, our observations suggest that investigating the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-mediated neuroprotection of RGCs may identify useful therapeutic strategies for optic neuropathies resulting from less profound mitochondrial impairment, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Warwick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Howard M. Bomze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Luyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sandra S. Stinnett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sidney M. Gospe III
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Kim JD, Zhou T, Zhang A, Li S, Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ, Fang L. AIBP Regulates Metabolism of Ketone and Lipids but Not Mitochondrial Respiration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223643. [PMID: 36429071 PMCID: PMC9688289 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the APOA1 binding protein (AIBP)-a secreted protein-plays a profound role in lipid metabolism. Interestingly, AIBP also functions as an NAD(P)H-hydrate epimerase to catalyze the interconversion of NAD(P)H hydrate [NAD(P)HX] epimers and is renamed as NAXE. Thus, we call it NAXE hereafter. We investigated its role in NAD(P)H-involved metabolism in murine cardiomyocytes, focusing on the metabolism of hexose, lipids, and amino acids as well as mitochondrial redox function. Unbiased metabolite profiling of cardiac tissue shows that NAXE knockout markedly upregulates the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB) and increases or trends increasing lipid-associated metabolites cholesterol, α-linolenic acid and deoxycholic acid. Paralleling greater ketone levels, ChemRICH analysis of the NAXE-regulated metabolites shows reduced abundance of hexose despite similar glucose levels in control and NAXE-deficient blood. NAXE knockout reduces cardiac lactic acid but has no effect on the content of other NAD(P)H-regulated metabolites, including those associated with glucose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, or Krebs cycle flux. Although NAXE is present in mitochondria, it has no apparent effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Instead, we detected more metabolites that can potentially improve cardiac function (3-HB, adenosine, and α-linolenic acid) in the Naxe-/- heart; these mice also perform better in aerobic exercise. Our data reveal a new role of NAXE in cardiac ketone and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-dae Kim
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Teng Zhou
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shumin Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anisha A. Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 407 E 61st St., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 407 E 61st St., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +713-363-9012; Fax: +713-363-9782
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Chiaratti MR, Chinnery PF. Modulating mitochondrial DNA mutations: factors shaping heteroplasmy in the germ line and somatic cells. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106466. [PMID: 36174964 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Until recently it was thought that most humans only harbor one type of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), however, deep sequencing and single-cell analysis has shown the converse - that mixed populations of mtDNA (heteroplasmy) are the norm. This is important because heteroplasmy levels can change dramatically during transmission in the female germ line, leading to high levels causing severe mitochondrial diseases. There is also emerging evidence that low level mtDNA mutations contribute to common late onset diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cardiometabolic diseases because the inherited mutation levels can change within developing organs and non-dividing cells over time. Initial predictions suggested that the segregation of mtDNA heteroplasmy was largely stochastic, with an equal tendency for levels to increase or decrease. However, transgenic animal work and single-cell analysis have shown this not to be the case during germ-line transmission and in somatic tissues during life. Mutation levels in specific mtDNA regions can increase or decrease in different contexts and the underlying molecular mechanisms are starting to be unraveled. In this review we provide a synthesis of recent literature on the mechanisms of selection for and against mtDNA variants. We identify the most pertinent gaps in our understanding and suggest ways these could be addressed using state of the art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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