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Willige BC, Yoo CY, Saldierna Guzmán JP. What is going on inside of phytochrome B photobodies? THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2065-2085. [PMID: 38511271 PMCID: PMC11132900 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants exhibit an enormous phenotypic plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions. For this purpose, they have evolved mechanisms to detect and measure biotic and abiotic factors in their surroundings. Phytochrome B exhibits a dual function, since it serves as a photoreceptor for red and far-red light as well as a thermosensor. In 1999, it was first reported that phytochromes not only translocate into the nucleus but also form subnuclear foci upon irradiation by red light. It took more than 10 years until these phytochrome speckles received their name; these foci were coined photobodies to describe unique phytochrome-containing subnuclear domains that are regulated by light. Since their initial discovery, there has been much speculation about the significance and function of photobodies. Their presumed roles range from pure experimental artifacts to waste deposits or signaling hubs. In this review, we summarize the newest findings about the meaning of phyB photobodies for light and temperature signaling. Recent studies have established that phyB photobodies are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation via multivalent interactions and that they provide diverse functions as biochemical hotspots to regulate gene expression on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Christopher Willige
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Chan Yul Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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2
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Li H, Xue M, Zhang H, Zhao F, Li X, Yu S, Jiang D. A warm temperature-released negative feedback loop fine-tunes PIF4-mediated thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100833. [PMID: 38327058 PMCID: PMC11121753 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants can sense temperature changes and adjust their growth accordingly. In Arabidopsis, high ambient temperatures stimulate stem elongation by activating a key thermoresponsive regulator, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4). Here, we show that warmth promotes the nighttime transcription of GI, which is necessary for the high temperature-induced transcription of TOC1. Genetic analyses suggest that GI prevents excessive thermoresponsive growth by inhibiting PIF4, with this regulatory mechanism being partially reliant on TOC1. GI transcription is repressed by ELF3 and HY5, which concurrently inhibit PIF4 expression and activity. Temperature elevation causes the deactivation or degradation of ELF3 and HY5, leading to PIF4 activation and relief of GI transcriptional repression at high temperatures. This allows PIF4 to further activate GI transcription in response to elevated temperatures. GI, in turn, inhibits PIF4, establishing a negative feedback loop that fine-tunes PIF4 activity. In addition, we demonstrate that ELF3, HY5, and PIF4 regulate GI transcription by modulating the enrichment of histone variant H2A.Z at the GI locus. Together, our findings suggest that thermal release of a negative feedback loop finely adjusts plant thermomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mande Xue
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuancang Yu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Feng Z, Wang M, Liu Y, Li C, Zhang S, Duan J, Chen J, Qi L, Liu Y, Li H, Wu J, Liu Y, Terzaghi W, Tian F, Zhong B, Fang X, Qian W, Guo Y, Deng XW, Li J. Liquid-liquid phase separation of TZP promotes PPK-mediated phosphorylation of the phytochrome A photoreceptor. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:798-814. [PMID: 38714768 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Phytochrome A (phyA) is the plant far-red (FR) light photoreceptor and plays an essential role in regulating photomorphogenic development in FR-rich conditions, such as canopy shade. It has long been observed that phyA is a phosphoprotein in vivo; however, the protein kinases that could phosphorylate phyA remain largely unknown. Here we show that a small protein kinase family, consisting of four members named PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASES (PPKs) (also known as MUT9-LIKE KINASES), directly phosphorylate phyA in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TANDEM ZINC-FINGER/PLUS3 (TZP), a recently characterized phyA-interacting protein required for in vivo phosphorylation of phyA, is also directly phosphorylated by PPKs. We reveal that TZP contains two intrinsically disordered regions in its amino-terminal domain that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) upon light exposure. The LLPS of TZP promotes colocalization and interaction between PPKs and phyA, thus facilitating PPK-mediated phosphorylation of phyA in FR light. Our study identifies PPKs as a class of protein kinases mediating the phosphorylation of phyA and demonstrates that the LLPS of TZP contributes significantly to more production of the phosphorylated phyA form in FR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Schuhmacher L, Heck S, Pitz M, Mathey E, Lamparter T, Blumhofer A, Leister K, Fischer R. The LOV-domain blue-light receptor LreA of the fungus Alternaria alternata binds predominantly FAD as chromophore and acts as a light and temperature sensor. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107238. [PMID: 38552736 PMCID: PMC11061223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Light and temperature sensing are important features of many organisms. Light may provide energy but may also be used by non-photosynthetic organisms for orientation in the environment. Recent evidence suggests that plant and fungal phytochrome and plant phototropin serve dual functions as light and temperature sensors. Here we characterized the fungal LOV-domain blue-light receptor LreA of Alternaria alternata and show that it predominantly contains FAD as chromophore. Blue-light illumination induced ROS production followed by protein agglomeration in vitro. In vivo ROS may control LreA activity. LreA acts as a blue-light photoreceptor but also triggers temperature-shift-induced gene expression. Both responses required the conserved amino acid cysteine 421. We therefore propose that temperature mimics the photoresponse, which could be the ancient function of the chromoprotein. Temperature-dependent gene expression control with LreA was distinct from the response with phytochrome suggesting fine-tuned, photoreceptor-specific gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schuhmacher
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Heck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Pitz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elena Mathey
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tilman Lamparter
- Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Blumhofer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kai Leister
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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5
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Urban A, De Feyter S. Making and Breaking Helical Open-Chain Oligopyrroles. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300708. [PMID: 38224308 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Closed-chain oligopyrroles such as porphyrins or corroles have been well-established in literature and experience a steadily strong interest by several fields of science. However, their open-chain derivatives are comparatively underrepresented, despite their intriguing properties and promising applications. Here, we aim to review typical synthetic routes, as well as point towards several emergent properties, marking them as interesting candidates for various fields of study. The review focuses on two traditional methods (each starting from highly symmetric metalloporphyrins) and then expands its scope towards more recent variations before moving on to more exotic and recent highlights that have yet to be included into the canon. Key chemical reactivities (ring closure, substitution and fragmentation) are then followed by notable physicochemical properties, placing special emphasis on potential uses in molecular electronics and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Urban
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Li J, Song Y. Plant thermosensors. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112025. [PMID: 38354752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plants dynamically regulate their genes expression and physiological outputs to adapt to changing temperatures. The underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied in diverse plants and in multiple dimensions. However, the question of exactly how temperature is detected at molecular level to transform the physical information into recognizable intracellular signals remains continues to be one of the undetermined occurrences in plant science. Recent studies have provided the physical and biochemical mechanistic breakthrough of how temperature changes can influence molecular thermodynamically stability, thus changing molecular structures, activities, interaction and signaling transduction. In this review, we focus on the thermosensing mechanisms of recognized and potential plant thermosensors, to describe the multi-level thermal input system in plants. We also consider the attributes of a thermosensor on the basis of thermal-triggered changes in function, structure, and physical parameters. This study thus provides a reference for discovering more plant thermosensors and elucidating plant thermal adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Lanzhou, China.
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7
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Kwon Y, Kim C, Choi G. Phytochrome B photobody components. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:909-915. [PMID: 38477037 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB) is a red and far-red photoreceptor that promotes light responses. Upon photoactivation, phyB enters the nucleus and forms a molecular condensate called a photobody through liquid-liquid phase separation. Phytochrome B photobody comprises phyB, the main scaffold molecule, and at least 37 client proteins. These clients belong to diverse functional categories enriched with transcription regulators, encompassing both positive and negative light signaling factors, with the functional bias toward the negative factors. The functionally diverse clients suggest that phyB photobody acts either as a trap to capture proteins, including negatively acting transcription regulators, for processes such as sequestration, modification, or degradation or as a hub where proteins are brought into close proximity for interaction in a light-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Chanhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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8
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Park YJ, Nam BE, Park CM. Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:865-882. [PMID: 38116738 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated morphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating environments. Plant morphogenic responses to light and warm temperatures, termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis, respectively, have been extensively studied in recent decades. During photomorphogenesis, plants actively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to cope with changes in light regimes. Accordingly, photomorphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth hormonal cues. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that light-directed morphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochemicals, karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs). KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling molecules during a variety of developmental steps, including seed germination. Their receptors and signaling mediators have been identified, and associated working mechanisms have been explored using gene-deficient mutants in various plant species. Of particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses, among which their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most comprehensively studied during seedling establishment. In this review, we focus on how the phytochemical and light signals converge on the optimization of morphogenic fitness. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve crop productivity under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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9
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Kim JS, Kidokoro S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Regulatory networks in plant responses to drought and cold stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:170-189. [PMID: 38514098 PMCID: PMC11060690 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Drought and cold represent distinct types of abiotic stress, each initiating unique primary signaling pathways in response to dehydration and temperature changes, respectively. However, a convergence at the gene regulatory level is observed where a common set of stress-responsive genes is activated to mitigate the impacts of both stresses. In this review, we explore these intricate regulatory networks, illustrating how plants coordinate distinct stress signals into a collective transcriptional strategy. We delve into the molecular mechanisms of stress perception, stress signaling, and the activation of gene regulatory pathways, with a focus on insights gained from model species. By elucidating both the shared and distinct aspects of plant responses to drought and cold, we provide insight into the adaptive strategies of plants, paving the way for the engineering of stress-resilient crop varieties that can withstand a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046Japan
| | - Satoshi Kidokoro
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601Japan
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10
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Huq E, Lin C, Quail PH. Light signaling in plants-a selective history. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:213-231. [PMID: 38431282 PMCID: PMC11060691 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In addition to providing the radiant energy that drives photosynthesis, sunlight carries signals that enable plants to grow, develop and adapt optimally to the prevailing environment. Here we trace the path of research that has led to our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's capacity to perceive and transduce these signals into appropriate growth and developmental responses. Because a fully comprehensive review was not possible, we have restricted our coverage to the phytochrome and cryptochrome classes of photosensory receptors, while recognizing that the phototropin and UV classes also contribute importantly to the full scope of light-signal monitoring by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peter H Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
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11
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Du J, Kim K, Chen M. Distinguishing individual photobodies using Oligopaints reveals thermo-sensitive and -insensitive phytochrome B condensation at distinct subnuclear locations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3620. [PMID: 38684657 PMCID: PMC11058242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobodies (PBs) are membraneless subnuclear organelles that self-assemble via concentration-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the plant photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (PHYB). The current PHYB LLPS model posits that PHYB phase separates randomly in the nucleoplasm regardless of the cellular or nuclear context. Here, we established a robust Oligopaints method in Arabidopsis to determine the positioning of individual PBs. We show surprisingly that even in PHYB overexpression lines - where PHYB condensation would be more likely to occur randomly - PBs positioned at twelve distinct subnuclear locations distinguishable by chromocenter and nucleolus landmarks, suggesting that PHYB condensation occurs nonrandomly at preferred seeding sites. Intriguingly, warm temperatures reduce PB number by inducing the disappearance of specific thermo-sensitive PBs, demonstrating that individual PBs possess different thermosensitivities. These results reveal a nonrandom PB nucleation model, which provides the framework for the biogenesis of spatially distinct individual PBs with diverse environmental sensitivities within a single plant nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Keunhwa Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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12
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Kim RJA, Fan D, He J, Kim K, Du J, Chen M. Photobody formation spatially segregates two opposing phytochrome B signaling actions of PIF5 degradation and stabilization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3519. [PMID: 38664420 PMCID: PMC11045832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoactivation of the plant photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (PHYB) triggers its condensation into subnuclear membraneless organelles named photobodies (PBs). However, the function of PBs in PHYB signaling remains frustratingly elusive. Here, we found that PHYB recruits PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF5) to PBs. Surprisingly, PHYB exerts opposing roles in degrading and stabilizing PIF5. Perturbing PB size by overproducing PHYB provoked a biphasic PIF5 response: while a moderate increase in PHYB enhanced PIF5 degradation, further elevating the PHYB level stabilized PIF5 by retaining more of it in enlarged PBs. Conversely, reducing PB size by dim light, which enhanced PB dynamics and nucleoplasmic PHYB and PIF5, switched the balance towards PIF5 degradation. Together, these results reveal that PB formation spatially segregates two antagonistic PHYB signaling actions - PIF5 stabilization in PBs and PIF5 degradation in the surrounding nucleoplasm - which could enable an environmentally sensitive, counterbalancing mechanism to titrate nucleoplasmic PIF5 and environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Jean Ae Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - De Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jiangman He
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Keunhwa Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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13
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Roussin-Léveillée C, Rossi CAM, Castroverde CDM, Moffett P. The plant disease triangle facing climate change: a molecular perspective. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00060-8. [PMID: 38580544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Variations in climate conditions can dramatically affect plant health and the generation of climate-resilient crops is imperative to food security. In addition to directly affecting plants, it is predicted that more severe climate conditions will also result in greater biotic stresses. Recent studies have identified climate-sensitive molecular pathways that can result in plants being more susceptible to infection under unfavorable conditions. Here, we review how expected changes in climate will impact plant-pathogen interactions, with a focus on mechanisms regulating plant immunity and microbial virulence strategies. We highlight the complex interactions between abiotic and biotic stresses with the goal of identifying components and/or pathways that are promising targets for genetic engineering to enhance adaptation and strengthen resilience in dynamically changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina A M Rossi
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | | | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Trofimov K, Gratz R, Ivanov R, Stahl Y, Bauer P, Brumbarova T. FER-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) accumulates in nuclear condensates. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311048. [PMID: 38393070 PMCID: PMC10890924 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional importance of nuclear protein condensation remains often unclear. The bHLH FER-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) controls iron acquisition and growth in plants. Previously described C-terminal serine residues allow FIT to interact and form active transcription factor complexes with subgroup Ib bHLH factors such as bHLH039. FIT has lower nuclear mobility than mutant FITmSS271AA. Here, we show that FIT undergoes a light-inducible subnuclear partitioning into FIT nuclear bodies (NBs). Using quantitative and qualitative microscopy-based approaches, we characterized FIT NBs as condensates that were reversible and likely formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. FIT accumulated preferentially in NBs versus nucleoplasm when engaged in protein complexes with itself and with bHLH039. FITmSS271AA, instead, localized to NBs with different dynamics. FIT colocalized with splicing and light signaling NB markers. The NB-inducing light conditions were linked with active FIT and elevated FIT target gene expression in roots. FIT condensation may affect nuclear mobility and be relevant for integrating environmental and Fe nutrition signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Trofimov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tzvetina Brumbarova
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Xu H, Wang F, Rebecca Njeri Damari, Chen X, Lin Z. Molecular mechanisms underlying the signal perception and transduction during seed germination. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:27. [PMID: 38525006 PMCID: PMC10954596 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
QuerySeed germination is a vital step in the life cycle of a plant, playing a significant role in seedling establishment and crop yield potential. It is also an important factor in the conservation of plant germplasm resources. This complex process is influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental conditions, the genetic makeup of the seed, and endogenous hormones. The perception of these environmental signals triggers a cascade of intricate signal transduction events that determine whether a seed germinates or remains dormant. Despite considerable progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms governing these processes, many questions remain unanswered. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of environmental signals and consequent signal transduction during seed germination, and discuss questions that need to be addressed to better understand the process of seed germination and develop novel strategies for germplasm improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Xu
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China, Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003 China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
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16
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Wang JJ, Gao J, Li W, Liu JX. CCaP1/CCaP2/CCaP3 interact with plasma membrane H +-ATPases and promote thermo-responsive growth by regulating cell wall modification in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100880. [PMID: 38486455 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plants adapt to warm temperatures by promoting hypocotyl growth primarily through the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor PIF4 and its downstream genes involved in auxin responses, which enhance cell division. In the current study, we discovered that cell wall-related calcium-binding protein 2 (CCaP2) and its paralogs CCaP1 and CCaP3 function as positive regulators of thermo-responsive hypocotyl growth by promoting cell elongation in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, mutations in CCaP1/CCaP2/CCaP3 do not affect the expression of PIF4-regulated classic downstream genes. However, they do noticeably reduce the expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes, which are involved in cell wall modification. We also found that CCaP1/CCaP2/CCaP3 are predominantly localized to the plasma membrane, where they interact with the plasma membrane H+-ATPases AHA1/AHA2. Furthermore, we observed that vanadate-sensitive H+-ATPase activity and cell wall pectin and hemicellulose contents are significantly increased in wild-type plants grown at warm temperatures compared with those grown at normal growth temperatures, but these changes are not evident in the ccap1-1 ccap2-1 ccap3-1 triple mutant. Overall, our findings demonstrate that CCaP1/CCaP2/CCaP3 play an important role in controlling thermo-responsive hypocotyl growth and provide new insights into the alternative pathway regulating hypocotyl growth at warm temperatures through cell wall modification mediated by CCaP1/CCaP2/CCaP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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17
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1893-1913. [PMID: 38289877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Sato H, Mizoi J, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Complex plant responses to drought and heat stress under climate change. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1873-1892. [PMID: 38168757 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change is predicted to result in increased yield losses of agricultural crops caused by environmental conditions. In particular, heat and drought stress are major factors that negatively affect plant development and reproduction, and previous studies have revealed how these stresses induce plant responses at physiological and molecular levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge concerning how drought, heat, and combinations of these stress conditions affect the status of plants, including crops, by affecting factors such as stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activity, cellular oxidative conditions, metabolomic profiles, and molecular signaling mechanisms. We further discuss stress-responsive regulatory factors such as transcription factors and signaling factors, which play critical roles in adaptation to both drought and heat stress conditions and potentially function as 'hubs' in drought and/or heat stress responses. Additionally, we present recent findings based on forward genetic approaches that reveal natural variations in agricultural crops that play critical roles in agricultural traits under drought and/or heat conditions. Finally, we provide an overview of the application of decades of study results to actual agricultural fields as a strategy to increase drought and/or heat stress tolerance. This review summarizes our current understanding of plant responses to drought, heat, and combinations of these stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sato
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Junya Mizoi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuraoka, Setagara-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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19
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Ihalainen JA, Dogan B, Kurttila M, Zeng Y, van Elsas JD, Nissinen R. Multifaceted photoreceptor compositions in dual phototrophic systems - A genomic analysis. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168412. [PMID: 38135178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
For microbes and their hosts, sensing of external cues is essential for their survival. For example, in the case of plant associated microbes, the light absorbing pigment composition of the plant as well as the ambient light conditions determine the well-being of the microbe. In addition to light sensing, some microbes can utilize xanthorhodopsin based proton pumps and bacterial photosynthetic complexes that work in parallel for energy production. They are called dual phototrophic systems. Light sensing requirements in these type of systems are obviously demanding. In nature, the photosensing machinery follows mainly the same composition in all organisms. However, the specific role of each photosensor in specific light conditions is elusive. In this study, we provide an overall picture of photosensors present in dual phototrophic systems. We compare the genomes of the photosensor proteins from dual phototrophs to those from similar microbes with "single" phototrophicity or microbes without phototrophicity. We find that the dual phototrophic bacteria obtain a larger variety of photosensors than their light inactive counterparts. Their rich domain composition and functional repertoire remains similar across all microbial photosensors. Our study calls further investigations of this particular group of bacteria. This includes protein specific biophysical characterization in vitro, microbiological studies, as well as clarification of the ecological meaning of their host microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne A Ihalainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Batuhan Dogan
- University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Moona Kurttila
- University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yonghui Zeng
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riitta Nissinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; University of Turku, Department of Biology, 20500 Turku, Finland
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20
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Zhou N, Li C, Xie W, Liang N, Wang J, Wang B, Wu J, Shen WH, Liu B, Dong A. Histone methylation readers MRG1/2 interact with PIF4 to promote thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113726. [PMID: 38308844 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Warm ambient conditions induce thermomorphogenesis and affect plant growth and development. However, the chromatin regulatory mechanisms involved in thermomorphogenesis remain largely obscure. In this study, we show that the histone methylation readers MORF-related gene 1 and 2 (MRG1/2) are required to promote hypocotyl elongation in response to warm ambient conditions. A transcriptome sequencing analysis indicates that MRG1/2 and phytochrome interacting factor 4 (PIF4) coactivate a number of thermoresponsive genes, including YUCCA8, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, MRG2 physically interacts with PIF4 to bind to thermoresponsive genes and enhances the H4K5 acetylation of the chromatin of target genes in a PIF4-dependent manner. Furthermore, MRG2 competes with phyB for binding to PIF4 and stabilizes PIF4 in planta. Our study indicates that MRG1/2 activate thermoresponsive genes by inducing histone acetylation and stabilizing PIF4 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Baihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cédex, France
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Aiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
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21
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Wang W, Kim J, Martinez TS, Huq E, Sung S. COP1 controls light-dependent chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312853121. [PMID: 38349881 PMCID: PMC10895365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312853121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that impacts various aspects of plant development. Phytochromes, as light sensors, regulate myriads of downstream genes to mediate developmental reprogramming in response to changes in environmental conditions. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is an E3 ligase for a number of substrates in light signaling, acting as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis. The interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and COP1 forms an antagonistic regulatory module that triggers extensive gene expression reprogramming when exposed to light. Here, we uncover a role of COP1 in light-dependent chromatin remodeling through the regulation of VIL1 (VIN3-LIKE 1)/VERNALIZATION 5, a Polycomb protein. VIL1 directly interacts with phyB and regulates photomorphogenesis through the formation of repressive chromatin loops at downstream growth-promoting genes in response to light. Furthermore, we reveal that COP1 governs light-dependent formation of chromatin loop and limiting a repressive histone modification to fine-tune expressions of growth-promoting genes during photomorphogenesis through VIL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Teresa S Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sibum Sung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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22
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Todaka D, Quynh DTN, Tanaka M, Utsumi Y, Utsumi C, Ezoe A, Takahashi S, Ishida J, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Saito K, Nagano AJ, Nakano Y, Mitsuda N, Fujiwara S, Seki M. Application of ethanol alleviates heat damage to leaf growth and yield in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325365. [PMID: 38439987 PMCID: PMC10909983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemical priming has emerged as a promising area in agricultural research. Our previous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with a low concentration of ethanol enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and cassava. Here, we show that ethanol treatment induces heat stress tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) plants. Seedlings of the tomato cultivar 'Micro-Tom' were pretreated with ethanol solution and then subjected to heat stress. The survival rates of the ethanol-pretreated plants were significantly higher than those of the water-treated control plants. Similarly, the fruit numbers of the ethanol-pretreated plants were greater than those of the water-treated ones. Transcriptome analysis identified sets of genes that were differentially expressed in shoots and roots of seedlings and in mature green fruits of ethanol-pretreated plants compared with those in water-treated plants. Gene ontology analysis using these genes showed that stress-related gene ontology terms were found in the set of ethanol-induced genes. Metabolome analysis revealed that the contents of a wide range of metabolites differed between water- and ethanol-treated samples. They included sugars such as trehalose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose. From our results, we speculate that ethanol-induced heat stress tolerance in tomato is mainly the result of increased expression of stress-related genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination enzymes, and activated gluconeogenesis. Our results will be useful for establishing ethanol-based chemical priming technology to reduce heat stress damage in crops, especially in Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Todaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Do Thi Nhu Quynh
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ezoe
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Ishida
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi J. Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakano
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sumire Fujiwara
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Zhang N, Venn B, Bailey CE, Xia M, Mattoon EM, Mühlhaus T, Zhang R. Moderate high temperature is beneficial or detrimental depending on carbon availability in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:979-1003. [PMID: 37877811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures impair plant growth and reduce agricultural yields, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model to study heat responses in photosynthetic cells due to its fast growth rate, many similarities in cellular processes to land plants, simple and sequenced genome, and ample genetic and genomics resources. Chlamydomonas grows in light by photosynthesis and with externally supplied acetate as an organic carbon source. Understanding how organic carbon sources affect heat responses is important for the algal industry but remains understudied. We cultivated wild-type Chlamydomonas under highly controlled conditions in photobioreactors at 25 °C (control), 35 °C (moderate high temperature), or 40 °C (acute high temperature) with or without constant acetate supply for 1 or 4 day. Treatment at 35 °C increased algal growth with constant acetate supply but reduced algal growth without sufficient acetate. The overlooked and dynamic effects of 35 °C could be explained by induced acetate uptake and metabolism. Heat treatment at 40 °C for more than 2 day was lethal to algal cultures with or without constant acetate supply. Our findings provide insights to understand algal heat responses and help improve thermotolerance in photosynthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Benedikt Venn
- Computational Systems Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Ming Xia
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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24
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Liu Q, Liu W, Niu Y, Wang T, Dong J. Liquid-liquid phase separation in plants: Advances and perspectives from model species to crops. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100663. [PMID: 37496271 PMCID: PMC10811348 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Membraneless biomolecular condensates play important roles in both normal biological activities and responses to environmental stimuli in living organisms. Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an organizational mechanism that has emerged in recent years to explain the formation of biomolecular condensates. In the past decade, advances in LLPS research have contributed to breakthroughs in disease fields. By contrast, although LLPS research in plants has progressed over the past 5 years, it has been concentrated on the model plant Arabidopsis, which has limited relevance to agricultural production. In this review, we provide an overview of recently reported advances in LLPS in plants, with a particular focus on photomorphogenesis, flowering, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. We propose that many potential LLPS proteins also exist in crops and may affect crop growth, development, and stress resistance. This possibility presents a great challenge as well as an opportunity for rigorous scientific research on the biological functions and applications of LLPS in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Kim RJA, Fan D, He J, Kim K, Du J, Chen M. Photobody formation spatially segregates two opposing phytochrome B signaling actions to titrate plant environmental responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.12.566724. [PMID: 38014306 PMCID: PMC10680666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivation of the plant photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (PHYB) triggers its condensation into subnuclear photobodies (PBs). However, the function of PBs remains frustratingly elusive. Here, we found that PHYB recruits PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR5 (PIF5) to PBs. Surprisingly, PHYB exerts opposing roles in degrading and stabilizing PIF5. Perturbing PB size by overproducing PHYB provoked a biphasic PIF5 response: while a moderate increase in PHYB enhanced PIF5 degradation, further elevating the PHYB level stabilized PIF5 by retaining more of it in enlarged PBs. These results reveal a PB-mediated light and temperature sensing mechanism, in which PHYB condensation confers the co-occurrence and competition of two antagonistic phase-separated PHYB signaling actions-PIF5 stabilization in PBs and PIF5 degradation in the surrounding nucleoplasm-thereby enabling an environmentally-sensitive counterbalancing mechanism to titrate nucleoplasmic PIF5 and its transcriptional output. This PB-enabled signaling mechanism provides a framework for regulating a plethora of PHYB-interacting signaling molecules in diverse plant environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Jean Ae Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - De Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jiangman He
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Keunhwa Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Current address: Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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26
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Seth P, Sebastian J. Plants and global warming: challenges and strategies for a warming world. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:27. [PMID: 38163826 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE In this review, we made an attempt to create a holistic picture of plant response to a rising temperature environment and its impact by covering all aspects from temperature perception to thermotolerance. This comprehensive account describing the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these responses and potential mitigation strategies will be helpful for understanding the impact of global warming on plant life. Organisms need to constantly recalibrate development and physiology in response to changes in their environment. Climate change-associated global warming is amplifying the intensity and periodicity of these changes. Being sessile, plants are particularly vulnerable to variations happening around them. These changes can cause structural, metabolomic, and physiological perturbations, leading to alterations in the growth program and in extreme cases, plant death. In general, plants have a remarkable ability to respond to these challenges, supported by an elaborate mechanism to sense and respond to external changes. Once perceived, plants integrate these signals into the growth program so that their development and physiology can be modulated befittingly. This multifaceted signaling network, which helps plants to establish acclimation and survival responses enabled their extensive geographical distribution. Temperature is one of the key environmental variables that affect all aspects of plant life. Over the years, our knowledge of how plants perceive temperature and how they respond to heat stress has improved significantly. However, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the process still largely elusive. This review explores how an increase in the global surface temperature detrimentally affects plant survival and productivity and discusses current understanding of plant responses to high temperature (HT) and underlying mechanisms. We also highlighted potential resilience attributes that can be utilized to mitigate the impact of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyay Seth
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur (IISER Berhampur), Engineering School Road, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Jose Sebastian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur (IISER Berhampur), Engineering School Road, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India.
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27
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Du J, Chen M. Characterization of Thermoresponsive Photobody Dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2795:95-104. [PMID: 38594531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3814-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photobodies (PBs) are subnuclear membraneless organelles that self-assemble via the condensation of the plant photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (phyB). Changes in the light and temperature environment directly modulate PB formation and maintenance by altering the number and size of PBs. In thermomorphogenesis, increases in the ambient temperature incrementally reduce the number of PBs, suggesting that individual PBs possess distinct thermostabilities. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for characterizing cell type-specific PB dynamics induced by warm temperatures in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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28
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Klose C, Hiltbrunner A. Measurement of Phytochrome B Thermal Reversion Rates In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2795:85-93. [PMID: 38594530 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3814-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thermal reversion of phytochromes is the light-independent but strongly temperature-dependent relaxation of the light-activated Pfr form of phytochromes back into the inactive Pr ground state. The thermal reversion rates of different phytochromes vary considerably. For phytochrome B (phyB), thermal reversion represents a critical parameter affecting phyB activity as it reduces the active phyB Pfr pool, accelerated by increasing temperatures. Phytochromes are dimers existing in three different states: Pfr-Pfr homodimer, Pfr-Pr heterodimer, and Pr-Pr homodimer. Consequently, thermal reversion occurs in two steps, with Pfr-Pfr to Pfr-Pr reversion being much slower than reversion from Pfr-Pr to Pr-Pr. To measure thermal reversion in vivo, the relative proportion of Pfr in relation to the total amount of phytochrome (Ptot) must be determined in living samples. This is accomplished by in vivo spectroscopy utilizing dual wavelength ratiospectrophotometers, optimized for assaying phytochromes in highly scattering plant material. The method is depending on the photoreversibility of phytochromes displaying light-induced absorbance changes in response to actinic irradiation. In this chapter, we describe the experimental design and explain step-by-step the calculations necessary to determine the thermal reversion rates of phyB in vivo, taking into account phytochrome dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Klose
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hiltbrunner
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Viczián A, Nagy F. Phytochrome B phosphorylation expanded: site-specific kinases are identified. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:65-72. [PMID: 37814506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptor is a key participant in red and far-red light sensing, playing a dominant role in many developmental and growth responses throughout the whole life of plants. Accordingly, phyB governs diverse signaling pathways, and although our knowledge about these pathways is constantly expanding, our view about their fine-tuning is still rudimentary. Phosphorylation of phyB is one of the relevant regulatory mechanisms, and - despite the expansion of the available methodology - it is still not easy to examine. Phosphorylated phytochromes have been detected using various techniques for decades, but the first phosphorylated phyB residues were only identified in 2013. Since then, concentrated attention has been turned toward the functional role of post-translational modifications in phyB signaling. Very recently in 2023, the first kinases that phosphorylate phyB were identified. These discoveries opened up new research avenues, especially by connecting diverse environmental impacts to light signaling and helping to explain some long-term unsolved problems such as the co-action of Ca2+ and phyB signaling. This review summarizes our recent views about the roles of the identified phosphorylated phyB residues, what we know about the enzymes that modulate the phospho-state of phyB, and how these recent discoveries impact future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Viczián
- Laboratory of Photo- and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Laboratory of Photo- and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
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30
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Kim H, Kang HW, Hwang DY, Lee N, Kubota A, Imaizumi T, Song YH. Low temperature-mediated repression and far-red light-mediated induction determine morning FLOWERING LOCUS T expression levels. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:103-120. [PMID: 38088490 PMCID: PMC10829767 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In order to flower in the appropriate season, plants monitor light and temperature changes and alter downstream pathways that regulate florigen genes such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). In Arabidopsis, FT messenger RNA levels peak in the morning and evening under natural long-day conditions (LDs). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing morning FT induction remain poorly understood. The morning FT peak is absent in typical laboratory LDs characterized by high red:far-red light (R:FR) ratios and constant temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that ZEITLUPE (ZTL) interacts with the FT repressors TARGET OF EATs (TOEs), thereby repressing morning FT expression in natural environments. Under LDs with simulated sunlight (R:FR = 1.0) and daily temperature cycles, which are natural LD-mimicking environmental conditions, FT transcript levels in the ztl mutant were high specifically in the morning, a pattern that was mirrored in the toe1 toe2 double mutant. Low night-to-morning temperatures increased the inhibitory effect of ZTL on morning FT expression by increasing ZTL protein levels early in the morning. Far-red light counteracted ZTL activity by decreasing its abundance (possibly via phytochrome A (phyA)) while increasing GIGANTEA (GI) levels and negatively affecting the formation of the ZTL-GI complex in the morning. Therefore, the phyA-mediated high-irradiance response and GI play pivotal roles in morning FT induction. Our findings suggest that the delicate balance between low temperature-mediated ZTL activity and the far-red light-mediated functions of phyA and GI offers plants flexibility in fine-tuning their flowering time by controlling FT expression in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Nayoung Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Akane Kubota
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Li B, Jiang S, Gao L, Wang W, Luo H, Dong Y, Gao Z, Zheng S, Liu X, Tang W. Heat Shock Factor A1s are required for phytochrome-interacting factor 4-mediated thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:20-35. [PMID: 37905451 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermomorphogenesis and the heat shock (HS) response are distinct thermal responses in plants that are regulated by PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A1s (HSFA1s), respectively. Little is known about whether these responses are interconnected and whether they are activated by similar mechanisms. An analysis of transcriptome dynamics in response to warm temperature (28°C) treatment revealed that 30 min of exposure activated the expression of a subset of HSFA1 target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, a loss-of-function HSFA1 quadruple mutant (hsfa1-cq) was insensitive to warm temperature-induced hypocotyl growth. In hsfa1-cq plants grown at 28°C, the protein and transcript levels of PIF4 were greatly reduced, and the circadian rhythm of many thermomorphogenesis-related genes (including PIF4) was disturbed. Additionally, the nuclear localization of HSFA1s and the binding of HSFA1d to the PIF4 promoter increased following warm temperature exposure, whereas PIF4 overexpression in hsfa1-cq partially rescued the altered warm temperature-induced hypocotyl growth of the mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that HSFA1s are required for PIF4 accumulation at a warm temperature, and they establish a central role for HSFA1s in regulating both thermomorphogenesis and HS responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Shimeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Haozheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yining Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhihua Gao
- School of Information Technology, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Shuzhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xinye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
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32
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Kwon Y, Kim C, Choi G. Isolation of Phytochrome B Photobodies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2795:113-122. [PMID: 38594533 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3814-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB), a plant photoreceptor, forms a membraneless organelle known as a photobody. Here, we present a protocol for the isolation of phyB photobodies through fluorescence-activated particle sorting from mature transgenic Arabidopsis leaves expressing phyB-GFP. This protocol involves the isolation of nuclei from frozen ground leaves using sucrose gradient centrifugation, the disruption of nuclear envelopes by sonication, and the subsequent isolation of phyB photobodies through fluorescence-activated particle sorting. We include experimental tips and notes for each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.
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33
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Rodriguez-Maroto G, Catalán P, Nieto C, Prat S, Ares S. Mathematical Modeling of Photo- and Thermomorphogenesis in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2795:247-261. [PMID: 38594544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3814-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Increased day lengths and warm conditions inversely affect plant growth by directly modulating nuclear phyB, ELF3, and COP1 levels. Quantitative measures of the hypocotyl length have been key to gaining a deeper understanding of this complex regulatory network, while similar quantitative data are the foundation for many studies in plant biology. Here, we explore the application of mathematical modeling, specifically ordinary differential equations (ODEs), to understand plant responses to these environmental cues. We provide a comprehensive guide to constructing, simulating, and fitting these models to data, using the law of mass action to study the evolution of molecular species. The fundamental principles of these models are introduced, highlighting their utility in deciphering complex plant physiological interactions and testing hypotheses. This brief introduction will not allow experimentalists without a mathematical background to run their own simulations overnight, but it will help them grasp modeling principles and communicate with more theory-inclined colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rodriguez-Maroto
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Catalán
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salomé Prat
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Agrigenomica (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saúl Ares
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Fan D, Chen M. Dissection of Daytime and Nighttime Thermoresponsive Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2795:17-23. [PMID: 38594523 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3814-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis is widely utilized as a readout for phytochrome B (phyB) signaling and thermomorphogenesis. Hypocotyl elongation is gated by the circadian clock and, therefore, it occurs at distinct times depending on day length or seasonal cues. In short-day conditions, hypocotyl elongation occurs mainly at the end of nighttime when phyB reverts to the inactive form. In contrast, in long-day conditions, hypocotyl elongation occurs during the daytime when phyB is in the photoactivated form. Warm temperatures can induce hypocotyl growth in both long-day and short-day conditions. However, the corresponding daytime and nighttime temperature responses reflect distinct underpinning mechanisms. Here, we describe assays for dissecting the mechanisms between daytime and nighttime thermoresponsive hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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35
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Mironov VL. Geomagnetic Anomaly in the Growth Response of Peat Moss Sphagnum riparium to Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 38202356 PMCID: PMC10780739 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Temperature plays an essential role in a plant's life. The current investigation reveals that photoreceptors, whose activity is affected by the geomagnetic field, are a critical element of its perception. This knowledge suggests that plants' responses to temperature could shift in different geomagnetic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we studied the change in the growth response of the peat moss Sphagnum riparium to temperature with a gradual increase in the geomagnetic Kp index. Growth data for this species were collected from Karelian mires by detailed monitoring over eight full growing seasons. The growth of 209,490 shoots was measured and 1439 growth rates were obtained for this period. The analysis showed a strong positive dependence of sphagnum growth on temperature (r = 0.58; n = 1439; P = 1.7 × 10-119), which is strongest in the Kp range from 0.87 to 1.61 (r = 0.65; n = 464; P = 4.5 × 10-58). This Kp interval is clearer after removing the seasonal contributions from the growth rate and temperature and is preserved when diurnal temperature is used. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis and show the unknown contribution of the geomagnetic field to the temperature responses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Mironov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research, Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya St. 11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Muraoka Y, Yang G, Munemasa S, Takeuchi Y, Ishimaru Y, Murata Y, Uozumi N, Ueda M. An outward-rectifying plant K + channel SPORK2 exhibits temperature-sensitive ion-transport activity. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5488-5494.e7. [PMID: 38016479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensing is critical for the survival of living organisms.1,2 Thermosensitive transient receptor-potential (TRP) cation channels function as thermosensors in mammals.2,3,4,5,6 In contrast to animals, land plants lack TRP genes.7,8,9 Previous patch-clamp studies in plant cells suggested the presence of ion channels whose activities are related to temperature, implying the presence of TRP-like channels.10,11,12,13,14 However, the molecular entities of such temperature-sensitive ion channels were still unknown in land plants. In this study, we observed that the unique rainfall-induced leaf-folding movement of the legume tree Samanea saman15 was temperature-sensitive by using a rainfall-mimicking assay. Chilling-induced leaf folding in S. saman was shown to be related to the swelling of the motor cells16,17 at the base of the leaflet. This swelling suggested involvement of temperature-sensitive inactivation of K+ currents, independent of fluctuations in ion channel gene expression in motor cells. These findings led us to examine the temperature sensitivity of an outward-rectifying K+ channel, SPORK2, which was reported as an ion channel responsible for the nyctinastic (circadian-rhythmic) leaf movement of S. saman.18 We also discovered that SPORK2 exhibits temperature-sensitive K+ transport activity in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Using chimeric channels, we showed that two domains of SPORK2 regulated the temperature sensitivity. Furthermore, heterologously expressed SPORK2 in Arabidopsis guard cells induced temperature-dependent stomatal closure. Therefore, SPORK2 is an ion channel in land plants with temperature-sensitive ion-transport activity that functions similarly to mammalian TRP channels. Our current findings advance the molecular understanding of temperature-sensing mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Muraoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30, Qingquan RD, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Zhang H, Mu Y, Zhang H, Yu C. Maintenance of stem cell activity in plant development and stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302046. [PMID: 38155857 PMCID: PMC10754534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells residing in plant apical meristems play an important role during postembryonic development. These stem cells are the wellspring from which tissues and organs of the plant emerge. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) governs the aboveground portions of a plant, while the root apical meristem (RAM) orchestrates the subterranean root system. In their sessile existence, plants are inextricably bound to their environment and must adapt to various abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, temperature fluctuations, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, and exposure to heavy metal ions. These environmental challenges exert profound effects on stem cells, potentially causing severe DNA damage and disrupting the equilibrium of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signaling in these vital cells, jeopardizing their integrity and survival. In response to these challenges, plants have evolved mechanisms to ensure the preservation, restoration, and adaptation of the meristematic stem cell niche. This enduring response allows plants to thrive in their habitats over extended periods. Here, we presented a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular intricacies surrounding the initiation and maintenance of the meristematic stem cell niche. We also delved into the mechanisms employed by stem cells to withstand and respond to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yangwei Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
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Chen H, Wang W, Chen X, Niu Y, Qi Y, Yu Z, Xiong M, Xu P, Wang W, Guo T, Yang HQ, Mao Z. PIFs interact with SWI2/SNF2-related 1 complex subunit 6 to regulate H2A.Z deposition and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:983-992. [PMID: 37120038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Light is an essential environmental signal perceived by a broad range of photoreceptors in plants. Among them, the red/far-red light receptor phytochromes function to promote photomorphogenesis, which is critical to the survival of seedlings after seeds germination. The basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are the pivotal direct downstream components of phytochromes. H2A.Z is a highly conserved histone variant regulating gene transcription, and its incorporation into nucleosomes is catalyzed by SWI2/SNF2-related 1 complex, in which SWI2/SNF2-related 1 complex subunit 6 (SWC6) and actin-related protein 6 (ARP6) serve as core subunits. Here, we show that PIFs physically interact with SWC6 in vitro and in vivo, leading to the disassociation of HY5 from SWC6. SWC6 and ARP6 regulate hypocotyl elongation partly through PIFs in red light. PIFs and SWC6 coregulate the expression of auxin-responsive genes such as IAA6, IAA19, IAA20, and IAA29 and repress H2A.Z deposition at IAA6 and IAA19 in red light. Based on previous studies and our findings, we propose that PIFs inhibit photomorphogenesis, at least in part, through repression of H2A.Z deposition at auxin-responsive genes mediated by the interactions of PIFs with SWC6 and promotion of their expression in red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yake Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Minyu Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Tongtong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Gao Q, Hu S, Wang X, Han F, Luo H, Liu Z, Kang C. The red/far-red light photoreceptor FvePhyB regulates tissue elongation and anthocyanin accumulation in woodland strawberry. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad232. [PMID: 38143485 PMCID: PMC10745270 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental signal that influences plant growth and development. Among the photoreceptors, phytochromes can sense red/far-red light to coordinate various biological processes. However, their functions in strawberry are not yet known. In this study, we identified an EMS mutant, named P8, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) that showed greatly increased plant height and reduced anthocyanin content. Mapping-by-sequencing revealed that the causal mutation in FvePhyB leads to premature termination of translation. The light treatment assay revealed that FvePhyB is a bona fide red/far-red light photoreceptor, as it specifically inhibits hypocotyl length under red light. Transcriptome analysis showed that the FvePhyB mutation affects the expression levels of genes involved in hormone synthesis and signaling and anthocyanin biosynthesis in petioles and fruits. The srl mutant with a longer internode is caused by a mutation in the DELLA gene FveRGA1 (Repressor of GA1) in the gibberellin pathway. We found that the P8 srl double mutant has much longer internodes than srl, suggesting a synergistic role of FvePhyB and FveRGA1 in this process. Taken together, these results demonstrate the important role of FvePhyB in regulating plant architecture and anthocyanin content in woodland strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fu Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huifeng Luo
- Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Bianchimano L, De Luca MB, Borniego MB, Iglesias MJ, Casal JJ. Temperature regulation of auxin-related gene expression and its implications for plant growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:7015-7033. [PMID: 37422862 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, a seminal paper demonstrated that warm temperatures increase auxin levels to promote hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we highlight recent advances in auxin-mediated thermomorphogenesis and identify unanswered questions. In the warmth, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF7 bind the YUCCA8 gene promoter and, in concert with histone modifications, enhance its expression to increase auxin synthesis in the cotyledons. Once transported to the hypocotyl, auxin promotes cell elongation. The meta-analysis of expression of auxin-related genes in seedlings exposed to temperatures ranging from cold to hot shows complex patterns of response. Changes in auxin only partially account for these responses. The expression of many SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) genes reaches a maximum in the warmth, decreasing towards both temperature extremes in correlation with the rate of hypocotyl growth. Warm temperatures enhance primary root growth, the response requires auxin, and the hormone levels increase in the root tip but the impacts on cell division and cell expansion are not clear. A deeper understanding of auxin-mediated temperature control of plant architecture is necessary to face the challenge of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bianchimano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - María Belén De Luca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - María Belén Borniego
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - María José Iglesias
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
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Swartz LG, Liu S, Dahlquist D, Kramer ST, Walter ES, McInturf SA, Bucksch A, Mendoza-Cózatl DG. OPEN leaf: an open-source cloud-based phenotyping system for tracking dynamic changes at leaf-specific resolution in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1600-1616. [PMID: 37733751 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The first draft of the Arabidopsis genome was released more than 20 years ago and despite intensive molecular research, more than 30% of Arabidopsis genes remained uncharacterized or without an assigned function. This is in part due to gene redundancy within gene families or the essential nature of genes, where their deletion results in lethality (i.e., the dark genome). High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) offers an automated and unbiased approach to characterize subtle or transient phenotypes resulting from gene redundancy or inducible gene silencing; however, access to commercial HTPP platforms remains limited. Here we describe the design and implementation of OPEN leaf, an open-source phenotyping system with cloud connectivity and remote bilateral communication to facilitate data collection, sharing and processing. OPEN leaf, coupled with our SMART imaging processing pipeline was able to consistently document and quantify dynamic changes at the whole rosette level and leaf-specific resolution when plants experienced changes in nutrient availability. Our data also demonstrate that VIS sensors remain underutilized and can be used in high-throughput screens to identify and characterize previously unidentified phenotypes in a leaf-specific time-dependent manner. Moreover, the modular and open-source design of OPEN leaf allows seamless integration of additional sensors based on users and experimental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon G Swartz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, 411 S 6th St., Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Suxing Liu
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Drew Dahlquist
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, 411 S 6th St., Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
| | - Skyler T Kramer
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollinst St., Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Emily S Walter
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Samuel A McInturf
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Alexander Bucksch
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - David G Mendoza-Cózatl
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, 411 S 6th St., Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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Slater H, Dolan L. The New Phytologist Tansley Medal 2023 - Martina Legris. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2171-2172. [PMID: 37969046 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
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Wu T, Wen H, Zhang X, Jia H, Xu C, Song W, Jiang B, Yuan S, Sun S, Wu C, Han T. Genome-wide association study for temperature response and photo-thermal interaction of flowering time in soybean using a panel of cultivars with diverse maturity groups. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:245. [PMID: 37962664 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A total of 101 QTNs were found to be associated with soybean flowering time responses to photo-thermal conditions; three candidate genes with non-synonymous substitutions were identified: Glyma.08G302500 (GmHY5), Glyma.08G303900 (GmPIF4c), and Glyma.16G046700 (GmVRN1). The flowering transition is a crucial component of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) development. The transition process is regulated by photoperiod, temperature, and their interaction. To examine the genetic architecture associated with temperature- and photo-thermal-mediated regulation of soybean flowering, we here performed a genome-wide association study using a panel of 201 soybean cultivars with maturity groups ranging from MG 000 to VIII. Each cultivar was grown in artificially controlled photoperiod and different seasons in 2017 and 2018 to assess the thermal response (TR) and the interactive photo-thermal response (IPT) of soybean flowering time. The panel contained 96,299 SNPs with minor allele frequencies > 5%; 33, 19, and 49 of these SNPs were significantly associated with only TR, only IPT, and both TR and IPT, respectively. Twenty-one SNPs were located in or near previously reported quantitative trait loci for first-flowering; 16 SNPs were located within 200 kb of the main-effect flowering genes GmFT2a, GmFT2b, GmFT3a, GmFT3b, GmFT5a, GmFT5b, GmCOL2b, GmPIF4b, and GmPIF4c, or near homologs of the known Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes BBX19, VRN1, TFL1, FUL, AGL19, SPA1, HY5, PFT1, and EDF1. Natural non-synonymous allelic variations were identified in the candidate genes Glyma.08G302500 (GmHY5), Glyma.08G303900 (GmPIF4c), and Glyma.16G046700 (GmVRN1). Cultivars with different haplotypes showed significant variations in TR, IPT, and flowering time in multiple environments. The favorable alleles, candidate genes, and diagnostic SNP markers identified here provide valuable information for future improvement of soybean photo-thermal adaptability, enabling expansion of soybean production regions and improving plant resilience to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huiwen Wen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongchang Jia
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe, 164300, China
| | - Cailong Xu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenwen Song
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingjun Jiang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shi Sun
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cunxiang Wu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Tianfu Han
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Jeon J, Rahman MM, Yang HW, Kim J, Gam HJ, Song JY, Jeong SW, Kim JI, Choi MG, Shin DH, Choi G, Shim D, Jung JH, Lee IJ, Jeon JS, Park YI. Modulation of warm temperature-sensitive growth using a phytochrome B dark reversion variant, phyB[G515E], in Arabidopsis and rice. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00324-7. [PMID: 37926145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ambient temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings is sensed by the epidermis-localized phytochrome B (phyB) and transduced into auxin biosynthesis via a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4). Once synthesized, auxin travels down from the cotyledons to the hypocotyl, triggering hypocotyl cell elongation. Thus, the phyB-PIF4 module involved in thermosensing and signal transduction is a potential genetic target for engineering warm temperature-insensitive plants. OBJECTIVES This study aims to manipulate warm temperature-induced elongation of plants at the post-translational level using phyB variants with dark reversion, the expression of which is subjected to heat stress. METHODS The thermosensitive growth response of Arabidopsis was manipulated by expressing the single amino acid substitution variant of phyB (phyB[G515E]), which exhibited a lower dark reversion rate than wild-type phyB. Other variants with slow (phyB[G564E]) or rapid (phyB[S584F]) dark reversion or light insensitivity (phyB[G767R]) were also included in this study for comparison. Warming-induced transient expression of phyB variants was achieved using heat shock-inducible promoters. Arabidopsis PHYB[G515E] and PHYB[G564E] were also constitutively expressed in rice in an attempt to manipulate the heat sensitivity of a monocotyledonous plant species. RESULTS At an elevated temperature, Arabidopsis seedlings transiently expressing PHYB[G515E] under the control of a heat shock-inducible promoter exhibited shorter hypocotyls than those expressing PHYB and other PHYB variant genes. This warm temperature-insensitive growth was related to the lowered PIF4 and auxin responses. In addition, transgenic rice seedlings expressing Arabidopsis PHYB[G515E] and PHYB[G564E] showed warm temperature-insensitive shoot growth. CONCLUSION Transient expression of phyB variants with altered dark reversion rates could serve as an effective optogenetic technique for manipulating PIF4-auxin-mediated thermomorphogenic responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mizanor Rahman
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Wook Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Gam
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Goo Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Tan W, Chen J, Yue X, Chai S, Liu W, Li C, Yang F, Gao Y, Gutiérrez Rodríguez L, Resco de Dios V, Zhang D, Yao Y. The heat response regulators HSFA1s promote Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis via stabilizing PIF4 during the day. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1738. [PMID: 37922351 PMCID: PMC10624354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
During summer, plants often experience increased light inputs and high temperatures, two major environmental factors with contrasting effects on thermomorphological traits. The integration of light and temperature signaling to control thermomorphogenesis in plants is critical for their acclimation in such conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. We found that heat shock transcription factor 1d (HSFA1d) and its homologs are necessary for plant thermomorphogenesis during the day. In response to warm daytime temperature, HSFA1s markedly accumulate and move into the nucleus where they interact with phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and stabilize PIF4 by interfering with phytochrome B-PIF4 interaction. Moreover, we found that the HSFA1d nuclear localization under warm daytime temperature is mediated by constitutive photomorphogenic 1-repressed GSK3-like kinase BIN2. These results support a regulatory mechanism for thermomorphogenesis in the daytime mediated by the HSFA1s-PIF4 module and uncover HSFA1s as critical regulators integrating light and temperature signaling for a better acclimation of plants to the summer high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Yue
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Shuli Chai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Lucas Gutiérrez Rodríguez
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Leida, Spain
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Wu J, Liu P, Liu Y. Thermosensing and thermal responses in plants. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:923-926. [PMID: 37657995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensors have been identified in plants in recent years. Understanding how plants sense and respond to rising temperatures is of utmost importance currently in terms of global warming and its actual and potential impact on us. This forum explores the recent understanding of plant thermosensing and thermal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wu
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Division of Biological Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yukun Liu
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
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47
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Larran AS, Pajoro A, Qüesta JI. Is winter coming? Impact of the changing climate on plant responses to cold temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3175-3193. [PMID: 37438895 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing alterations in annual temperature regimes worldwide. Important aspects of this include the reduction of winter chilling temperatures as well as the occurrence of unpredicted frosts, both significantly affecting plant growth and yields. Recent studies advanced the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cold responses and tolerance in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, how these cold-responsive pathways will readjust to ongoing seasonal temperature variation caused by global warming remains an open question. In this review, we highlight the plant developmental programmes that depend on cold temperature. We focus on the molecular mechanisms that plants have evolved to adjust their development and stress responses upon exposure to cold. Covering both genetic and epigenetic aspects, we present the latest insights into how alternative splicing, noncoding RNAs and the formation of biomolecular condensates play key roles in the regulation of cold responses. We conclude by commenting on attractive targets to accelerate the breeding of increased cold tolerance, bringing up biotechnological tools that might assist in overcoming current limitations. Our aim is to guide the reflection on the current agricultural challenges imposed by a changing climate and to provide useful information for improving plant resilience to unpredictable cold regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Santiago Larran
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) IRTA-CSIC-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alice Pajoro
- National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
| | - Julia I Qüesta
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) IRTA-CSIC-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Liu M, Hu F, Liu L, Lu X, Li R, Wang J, Wu J, Ma L, Pu Y, Fang Y, Yang G, Wang W, Sun W. Physiological Analysis and Genetic Mapping of Short Hypocotyl Trait in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15409. [PMID: 37895090 PMCID: PMC10607371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocotyl length is a botanical trait that affects the cold tolerance of Brassica napus L. (B. napus). In this study, we constructed an F2 segregating population using the cold-resistant short hypocotyl variety '16VHNTS158' and the cold-sensitive long hypocotyl variety 'Tianyou 2288' as the parents, and BSA-seq was employed to identify candidate genes for hypocotyl length in B. napus. The results of parental differences showed that the average hypocotyl lengths of '16VHNTS158' and 'Tianyou 2288' were 0.41 cm and 0.77 cm at the 5~6 leaf stage, respectively, after different low-temperature treatments, and '16VHNTS158' exhibited lower relative ion leakage rates compared to 'Tianyou 2288'. The contents of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) in hypocotyls of '16VHNTS158' and 'Tianyou 2288' increased with decreasing temperatures, but the IAA and GA contents were significantly higher than those of 'Tianyou 2288', and the BR content was lower than that of 'Tianyou 2288'. The genetic analysis results indicate that the genetic model for hypocotyl length follows the 2MG-A model. By using SSR molecular markers, a QTL locus associated with hypocotyl length was identified on chromosome C04. The additive effect value of this locus was 0.025, and it accounted for 2.5% of the phenotypic variation. BSA-Seq further localized the major effect QTL locus on chromosome C04, associating it with 41 genomic regions. The total length of this region was 1.06 Mb. Within this region, a total of 20 non-synonymous mutation genes were identified between the parents, and 26 non-synonymous mutation genes were found within the pooled samples. In the reference genome of B. napus, this region was annotated with 24 candidate genes. These annotated genes are predominantly enriched in four pathways: DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, plant hormone signal transduction, and mismatch repair. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for cloning genes related to hypocotyl length in winter rapeseed and their utilization in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wancang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.L.)
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Katuuramu DN, Levi A, Wechter WP. Genetic control of flowering time and fruit yield in citron watermelon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236576. [PMID: 37881618 PMCID: PMC10595160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time and fruit yield are important traits in watermelon crop improvement. There is limited information on the inheritance and genomic loci underlying flowering time and yield performance, especially in citron watermelon. A total of 125 citron watermelon accessions were evaluated in field trials over two growing seasons for days to male and female flowers, fruit count, fruit weight, and fruit yield. The germplasm was genotyped with more than two million single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated via whole-genome resequencing. Trait mapping was conducted using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Broad-sense heritability for all traits ranged from moderate to high, indicating that genetic improvement through breeding and selection is feasible. Significant marker-trait associations were uncovered for days to female flower (chromosomes Ca04, Ca05, Ca08, and Ca09), fruit count (on Ca02, Ca03, and Ca05), fruit weight (on Ca02, Ca06, Ca08, Ca10, and Ca11), and fruit yield on chromosomes Ca05, Ca07, and Ca09. The phenotypic variation explained by the significant SNPs ranged from 1.6 to 25.4, highlighting the complex genetic architecture of the evaluated traits. Candidate genes relevant to flowering time and fruit yield component traits were uncovered on chromosomes Ca02, Ca04, Ca05, Ca06, Ca09, and Ca11. These results lay a foundation for marker-assisted trait introgression of flowering time and fruit yield component traits in watermelons.
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50
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Kan Y, Mu XR, Gao J, Lin HX, Lin Y. The molecular basis of heat stress responses in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1612-1634. [PMID: 37740489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Global warming impacts crop production and threatens food security. Elevated temperatures are sensed by different cell components. Temperature increases are classified as either mild warm temperatures or excessively hot temperatures, which are perceived by distinct signaling pathways in plants. Warm temperatures induce thermomorphogenesis, while high-temperature stress triggers heat acclimation and has destructive effects on plant growth and development. In this review, we systematically summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in Arabidopsis and crop plants based on recent studies. In addition, we highlight the strategies used to improve grain yield under heat stress from a source-sink perspective. We also discuss the remaining issues regarding the characteristics of thermosensors and the urgency required to explore the basis of acclimation under multifactorial stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Youshun Lin
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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