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Çakmakçı S, Polatoğlu B, Çakmakçı R. Foods of the Future: Challenges, Opportunities, Trends, and Expectations. Foods 2024; 13:2663. [PMID: 39272427 PMCID: PMC11393958 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Creating propositions for the near and distant future requires a design to catch the tide of the times and move with or against trends. In addition, appropriate, adaptable, flexible, and transformational projects are needed in light of changes in science, technology, social, economic, political, and demographic fields over time. Humanity is facing a period in which science and developing technologies will be even more important in solving food safety, health, and environmental problems. Adapting to and mitigating climate change; reducing pollution, waste, and biodiversity loss; and feeding a growing global population with safe food are key challenges facing the agri-food industry and the food supply chain, requiring systemic transformation in agricultural systems and sustainable future agri-food. The aim of this review is to compile scientific evidence and data, define, and create strategies for the future in terms of food security, safety, and sufficiency; future sustainable foods and alternative protein sources; factors affecting food and nutrition security and agriculture; and promising food systems such as functional foods, novel foods, synthetic biology, and 3D food printing. In this review, the safety, conservation, nutritional, sensory, welfare, and potential challenges and limitations of food systems and the opportunities to overcome them on the basis of new approaches, innovative interpretations, future possibilities, and technologies are discussed. Additionally, this review also offers suggestions for future research and food trends in light of future perspectives. This article focuses on future sustainable foods, alternative protein sources, and novel efficient food systems, highlights scientific and technological advances and new research directions, and provides a significant perspective on sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Çakmakçı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bilgehan Polatoğlu
- Department of Food Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Çakmakçı
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Çanakkale, Türkiye
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2
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Balestrazzi A, Calvio C, Macovei A, Pagano A, Laux P, Moutahir H, Rajjou L, Tani E, Chachalis D, Katsis C, Ghaouti L, Gmouh S, Majid S, Elleuch A, Hanin M, Khemakhem B, El Abed H, Nunes J, Araújo S, Benhamrouche A, Bersi M. Seed quality as a proxy of climate-ready orphan legumes: the need for a multidisciplinary and multi-actor vision. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1388866. [PMID: 39148611 PMCID: PMC11325182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1388866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
In developing countries, orphan legumes stand at the forefront in the struggle against climate change. Their high nutrient value is crucial in malnutrition and chronic diseases prevention. However, as the 'orphan' definition suggests, their seed systems are still underestimated and seed production is scanty. Seed priming is an effective, sustainable strategy to boost seed quality in orphan legumes for which up-to-date guidelines are required to guarantee reliable and reproducible results. How far are we along this path? What do we expect from seed priming? This brings to other relevant questions. What is the socio-economic relevance of orphan legumes in the Mediterranean Basin? How to potentiate a broader cultivation in specific regions? The case study of the BENEFIT-Med (Boosting technologies of orphan legumes towards resilient farming systems) project, developed by multidisciplinary research networks, envisions a roadmap for producing new knowledge and innovative technologies to improve seed productivity through priming, with the long-term objective of promoting sustainability and food security for/in the climate-sensitive regions. This review highlights the existing drawbacks that must be overcome before orphan legumes could reach the state of 'climate-ready crops'. Only by the integration of knowledge in seed biology, technology and agronomy, the barrier existing between research bench and local agricultural fields may be overcome, generating high-impact technical innovations for orphan legumes. We intend to provide a powerful message to encourage future research in line with the United Nations Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrick Laux
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Hassane Moutahir
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Loїc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chachalis
- Department of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Lamiae Ghaouti
- Department of Plant Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Gmouh
- Laboratory Laboratory of Engineering and Materials (LIMAT), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sanaa Majid
- Laboratory GeMEV, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amine Elleuch
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Hanin
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Khemakhem
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen El Abed
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Joao Nunes
- Center Bio R&D Unit, Association BLC3-Technology and Innovation Campus, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Susana Araújo
- Center Bio R&D Unit, Association BLC3-Technology and Innovation Campus, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Aziz Benhamrouche
- Institute of Architecture and Earth Science, University Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Mohand Bersi
- Institute of Architecture and Earth Science, University Ferhat Abbas-Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
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3
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Guo Q, He Z, Wang Z. Monthly climate prediction using deep convolutional neural network and long short-term memory. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17748. [PMID: 39085577 PMCID: PMC11291741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects plant growth, food production, ecosystems, sustainable socio-economic development, and human health. The different artificial intelligence models are proposed to simulate climate parameters of Jinan city in China, include artificial neural network (ANN), recurrent NN (RNN), long short-term memory neural network (LSTM), deep convolutional NN (CNN), and CNN-LSTM. These models are used to forecast six climatic factors on a monthly ahead. The climate data for 72 years (1 January 1951-31 December 2022) used in this study include monthly average atmospheric temperature, extreme minimum atmospheric temperature, extreme maximum atmospheric temperature, precipitation, average relative humidity, and sunlight hours. The time series of 12 month delayed data are used as input signals to the models. The efficiency of the proposed models are examined utilizing diverse evaluation criteria namely mean absolute error, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R). The modeling result inherits that the proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieves a greater accuracy than other compared models. The hybrid CNN-LSTM model significantly reduces the forecasting error compared to the models for the one month time step ahead. For instance, the RMSE values of the ANN, RNN, LSTM, CNN, and CNN-LSTM models for monthly average atmospheric temperature in the forecasting stage are 2.0669, 1.4416, 1.3482, 0.8015 and 0.6292 °C, respectively. The findings of climate simulations shows the potential of CNN-LSTM models to improve climate forecasting. Climate prediction will contribute to meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, as well as flood control and drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Guo
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
- Institute of Huanghe Studies, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Zhenfang He
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Institute of Huanghe Studies, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Zhaosheng Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Zhang YT, Li MY, Zhou WX. Impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on International Staple Agrifood Trade Networks. Foods 2024; 13:2134. [PMID: 38998640 PMCID: PMC11241061 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Russia-Ukraine conflict is a growing concern worldwide and poses serious threats to regional and global food security. Using monthly trade data for maize, rice, and wheat from 2016/1 to 2023/12, this paper constructs three international crop trade networks and an aggregate international food trade network. We aim to examine the structural changes following the occurrence of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. We find significant shifts in the number of edges, average in-degree, density, and efficiency in the third quarter of 2022, particularly in the international wheat trade network. Additionally, we have shown that political reasons have caused more pronounced changes in the trade connections between the economies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Russia than with Ukraine. This paper could provide insights into the negative impact of geopolitical conflicts on the global food system and encourage a series of effective strategies to mitigate the negative impact of the conflict on global food trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ting Zhang
- School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Research Center for Econophysics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mu-Yao Li
- School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Research Center for Econophysics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Xing Zhou
- School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Research Center for Econophysics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Mathematics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Han Y, Peng J, Du Y, Fan X. Industrialization Mitigates Greenhouse Gas Intensity in China's Dairy Sector yet May Prove Insufficient to Offset Emissions from Future Production Expansion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11386-11399. [PMID: 38872476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
China's dairy farming is undergoing a critical transition from extensive to industrial systems. To achieve sustainable milk production within China's dual-carbon goals, understanding the multidimensional impacts of industrialization on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is imperative. This study comprehensively analyzed the implications of China's dairy industrialization on GHG emissions and explored future mitigation potential. Results indicated that industrial systems exhibited lower methane but higher carbon dioxide intensities, with net GHG intensity lower than other systems. During 2002-2020, China's milk production increased by 165%, while GHG emissions increased by 105% to 50.27 Tg CO2eq, accompanying an industrialization rate increased from 16% to 75%. The industrialization progress played a mitigating effect on GHG primarily through intensification within individual production systems before 2008 and transformation between systems post-2008. However, the industrialization's effect was relatively modest compared to other socio-economic factors. By 2030, 11.8 Tg CO2eq will be triggered by predicted milk production growth, but only 0.6 Tg can be offset by system transformation. Integrating measures to improve feed, herd, and manure management on industrial farms could decouple GHG emissions from milk production and achieve a carbon peak before 2030. We suggest transforming to improved industrial systems as a necessary step toward sustainable livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Han
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - Jinshan Peng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- Huaxin Design Group Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214100, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
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6
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Ong TW, Roman-Alcalá A, Jiménez-Soto E, Jackson E, Perfecto I, Duff H. Momentum for agroecology in the USA. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:539-541. [PMID: 38969793 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Ong
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Antonio Roman-Alcalá
- Department of Anthropology, Geography & Environmental Studies, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Estelí Jiménez-Soto
- Geography, Environmental Science and Policy Program, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin Jackson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hannah Duff
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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7
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Neufeld LM, Nordhagen S, Leroy JL, Aberman NL, Barnett I, Djimeu Wouabe E, Webb Girard A, Gonzalez W, Levin CE, Mbuya MN, Nakasone E, Nyhus Dhillon C, Prescott D, Smith M, Tschirley D. Food Systems Interventions for Nutrition: Lessons from 6 Program Evaluations in Africa and South Asia. J Nutr 2024; 154:1727-1738. [PMID: 38582386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although there is growing global momentum behind food systems strategies to improve planetary and human health-including nutrition-there is limited evidence of what types of food systems interventions work. Evaluating these types of interventions is challenging due to their complex and dynamic nature and lack of fit with standard evaluation methods. In this article, we draw on a portfolio of 6 evaluations of food systems interventions in Africa and South Asia that were intended to improve nutrition. We identify key methodological challenges and formulate recommendations to improve the quality of such studies. We highlight 5 challenges: a lack of evidence base to justify the intervention, the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the interventions, addressing attribution, collecting or accessing accurate and timely data, and defining and measuring appropriate outcomes. In addition to more specific guidance, we identify 6 cross-cutting recommendations, including a need to use multiple and diverse methods and flexible designs. We also note that these evaluation challenges present opportunities to develop new methods and highlight several specific needs in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M Neufeld
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
| | - Stella Nordhagen
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jef L Leroy
- Nutrition, Diets and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Noora-Lisa Aberman
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Inka Barnett
- Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Djimeu Wouabe
- Evaluation and Adaptive Learning, Results for Development (R4D), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amy Webb Girard
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carol E Levin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mduduzi Nn Mbuya
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Nakasone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Christina Nyhus Dhillon
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David Tschirley
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Maredia MK, Nakasone E, Porter M, Nordhagen S, Caputo V, Djimeu EW, Jones AD, Mbuya MNN, Ortega DL, Toure D, Tschirley D. Using Novel Multimethod Evaluation Approaches to Understand Complex Food System Interventions: Insights from a Supply Chain Intervention Intended to Improve Nutrition. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:103776. [PMID: 38979104 PMCID: PMC11228647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A "food system" approach to improve diet quality by intervening within areas such as food supply chains is gaining prominence. However, evidence of such interventions' impact, and understanding of appropriate methods to evaluate them, is lacking. Objectives We present an impact evaluation of an intervention that aimed to increase consumption of nutritious foods by supporting food-producing firms in Kenya. In doing so, we demonstrate how multiple methods, including those from other disciplines, can be used to evaluate a complex food systems intervention. Methods Four methods focused on food-producing firms and their management, including a survey of intervention participants (n = 83 individuals), a "laboratory-in-the-field" experiment (n = 83 individuals), baseline/endline data on firm performance (n = 71 firms), and semistructured interviews (n = 19 firms). Three methods focused on consumers in neighborhoods targeted by a supported firm: a randomized field experiment tested effects of making a supported product exhaustively available on consumers' purchases and consumption (n = 1295 consumers); 3 discrete choice experiments (n = 1295 consumers) tested factors influencing consumers' willingness to pay for foods with relevant characteristics. Results Among firms, we saw suggestive evidence of increased networking and business relationships, while laboratory-in-the-field experiments indicated the intervention might foster cooperation among participants. Qualitative interviews suggested that the intervention enabled firms to increase production, improve management, increase revenues, and lower costs. Baseline/endline data confirmed a positive effect only on the launch of new products and hiring workers. In the field experiment, consumption of the supported product increased in areas where it was made available relative to a control group, but this did not increase overall consumption of the food type or dietary diversity. Conclusions Results showed positive signs of the intervention improving firm-level outcomes but limited impact on consumers' diet quality. The evaluation also demonstrates how diverse methods can be used to evaluate complex interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mywish K Maredia
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Eduardo Nakasone
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Maria Porter
- Department of Political Economy and Moral Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stella Nordhagen
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzina Caputo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Eric W Djimeu
- Results for Development, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew D Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mduduzi NN Mbuya
- Knowledge Leadership Team, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
| | - David L Ortega
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Djeinam Toure
- Africa Regional Office, Helen Keller International, Dakar, Senegal
| | - David Tschirley
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Ferreira H, Vasconcelos M, Gil AM, Silveira J, Alves P, Martins S, Assunção M, Guimarães JT, Pinto E. Impact of a daily legume-based meal on blood and anthropometric parameters in a group of omnivorous adults: A pilot study. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:235-246. [PMID: 38655577 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to assess the impact of substituting a traditional lunch for a vegetarian legume-based meal on blood and anthropometric parameters in a group of omnivorous adults. A one-group comparison, quasi-experimental dietary intervention was designed. A vegetarian legume-based meal was offered for 8 consecutive weeks (weekdays) to non-vegetarian individuals (n = 26), (28 years [P25 = 20.0, P75 = 35.5]; 21.9 kg/m2 [P25 = 21.3, P75 = 24.8]). Sociodemographic data, health status and lifestyle-related information were recorded. Three-day food records were used to collect food intake at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Anthropometric parameters were recorded and fasting blood analyses were performed following standard procedures. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical comparisons. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Participants showed a median intake of 79.8 g of cooked legumes per meal, meaning 13 (50.0%) subjects met the Portuguese daily legume intake recommendations during the intervention days. There were no statistically significant differences in anthropometric parameters. Transferrin concentration increased after 8 weeks (+12.5 mg/dL; p = 0.001). Total cholesterol concentration reduced after 8 weeks (-6 mg/dL; p = 0.041), as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-7 mg/dL; p = 0.003). Triglycerides (+9 mg/dL; p = 0.046), fasting glucose (+2 mg/dL; p = 0.037) and HbA1c (+0.1 mg/dL; p = 0.010) concentration increased after the 2-month legume-based trial. Results suggest a cholesterol-lowering potential of legume-rich diets. However, unfavourable results regarding the impact on glucose metabolism-related biomarkers and triglyceride levels were observed. The study's limitations in design and sample size emphasise the importance of conducting further research with larger cohorts to attain more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ferreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Vasconcelos
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Silveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Alves
- CIIS - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Escola Enfermagem (Porto), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Assunção
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Pinto
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Shangguan W, Huang Q, Chen H, Zheng Y, Zhao P, Cao C, Yu M, Cao Y, Cao L. Making the Complicated Simple: A Minimizing Carrier Strategy on Innovative Nanopesticides. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:193. [PMID: 38743342 PMCID: PMC11093950 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The flourishing progress in nanotechnology offers boundless opportunities for agriculture, particularly in the realm of nanopesticides research and development. However, concerns have been raised regarding the human and environmental safety issues stemming from the unrestrained use of non-therapeutic nanomaterials in nanopesticides. It is also important to consider whether the current development strategy of nanopesticides based on nanocarriers can strike a balance between investment and return, and if the complex material composition genuinely improves the efficiency, safety, and circularity of nanopesticides. Herein, we introduced the concept of nanopesticides with minimizing carriers (NMC) prepared through prodrug design and molecular self-assembly emerging as practical tools to address the current limitations, and compared it with nanopesticides employing non-therapeutic nanomaterials as carriers (NNC). We further summarized the current development strategy of NMC and examined potential challenges in its preparation, performance, and production. Overall, we asserted that the development of NMC systems can serve as the innovative driving force catalyzing a green and efficient revolution in nanopesticides, offering a way out of the current predicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lidong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests , Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Green BT, Welch KD, Lee ST, Davis TZ, Stonecipher CA, Stegelmeier BL, Cook D. Acute death as a result of poisoning tropical (Bos taurus indicus) but not temperate (Bos taurus taurus) cattle after oral dosing with Lupinus leucophyllus (velvet lupine). Toxicon 2024; 242:107706. [PMID: 38570167 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to climate change and increasing summer temperatures, tropical cattle may graze where temperate cattle have grazed, exposing tropical cattle to toxic plants they may be unfamiliar with. This work compared the toxicity of Lupinus leucophyllus (velvet lupine) in temperate and tropical cattle. Orally dosed velvet lupine in tropical cattle caused death. If producers opt to graze tropical cattle, additional care must be taken on rangelands where toxic lupines like velvet lupine grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
| | - Kevin D Welch
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Stephen T Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - T Zane Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Clinton A Stonecipher
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Bryan L Stegelmeier
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
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12
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Kraak VI, Aschemann-Witzel J. The Future of Plant-Based Diets: Aligning Healthy Marketplace Choices with Equitable, Resilient, and Sustainable Food Systems. Annu Rev Public Health 2024; 45:253-275. [PMID: 38772624 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060722-032021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The future of plant-based diets is a complex public health issue inextricably linked to planetary health. Shifting the world's population to consume nutrient-rich, plant-based diets is among the most impactful strategies to transition to sustainable food systems to feed 10 billion people by 2050. This review summarizes how international expert bodies define sustainable diets and food systems and describes types of sustainable dietary patterns. It also explores how the type and proportion of plant- versus animal-source foods and alternative proteins relate to sustainable diets to reduce diet-related morbidity and mortality. Thereafter, we synthesize evidence for current challenges and actions needed to achieve plant-based sustainable dietary patterns using a conceptual framework with principles to promote human health, ecological health, social equity, and economic prosperity. We recommend strategies for governments, businesses, and civil society to encourage marketplace choices that lead to plant-rich sustainable diets within healthy, equitable, and resilient agroecological food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivica I Kraak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;
| | - Jessica Aschemann-Witzel
- MAPP Centre, Department of Management, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Wang H, Kang X, Han B. Rare-earth Element-based Electrocatalysts Designed for CO 2 Electro-reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301539. [PMID: 38109070 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction presents a promising approach for synthesizing fuels and chemical feedstocks using renewable energy sources. Although significant advancements have been made in the design of catalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in recent years, the linear scaling relationship of key intermediates, selectivity, stability, and economical efficiency are still required to be improved. Rare earth (RE) elements, recognized as pivotal components in various industrial applications, have been widely used in catalysis due to their unique properties such as redox characteristics, orbital structure, oxygen affinity, large ion radius, and electronic configuration. Furthermore, RE elements could effectively modulate the adsorption strength of intermediates and provide abundant metal active sites for CO2RR. Despite their potential, there is still a shortage of comprehensive and systematic analysis of RE elements employed in the design of electrocatalysts of CO2RR. Therefore, the current approaches for the design of RE element-based electrocatalysts and their applications in CO2RR are thoroughly summarized in this review. The review starts by outlining the characteristics of CO2RR and RE elements, followed by a summary of design strategies and synthetic methods for RE element-based electrocatalysts. Finally, an overview of current limitations in research and an outline of the prospects for future investigations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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14
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Bhatti UA, Bhatti MA, Tang H, Syam MS, Awwad EM, Sharaf M, Ghadi YY. Global production patterns: Understanding the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture greening and climate variability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118049. [PMID: 38169167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change due to increased greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the atmosphere has been consistently observed since the mid-20th century. The profound influence of global climate change on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, encompassing carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), has established a vital feedback loop that contributes to further climate change. This intricate relationship necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the underlying feedback mechanisms. By examining the interactions between global climate change, soil, and GHG emissions, we can elucidate the complexities of CO2, CH4, and N2O dynamics and their implications. In this study, we evaluate the global climate change relationship with GHG globally in 246 countries. We find a robust positive association between climate and GHG emissions. By 2100, GHG emissions will increase in all G7 countries and China while decreasing in the United Kingdom based on current economic growth policies, resulting in a net global increase, suggesting that climate-driven increase in GHG and climate variations impact crop production loss due to soil impacts and not provide climate adaptation. The study highlights the diverse strategies employed by G7 countries in reducing GHG emissions, with France leveraging nuclear power, Germany focusing on renewables, and Italy targeting its industrial and transportation sectors. The UK and Japan are making significant progress in emission reduction through renewable energy, while the US and Canada face challenges due to their industrial activities and reliance on fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Aslam Bhatti
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | | | - Hao Tang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - M S Syam
- IOT Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Dong Q, Wu Y, Wang H, Li B, Huang R, Li H, Tao Q, Li Q, Tang X, Xu Q, Luo Y, Wang C. Integrated morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal response mechanisms of rice under different cadmium exposure routes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133688. [PMID: 38310845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the major cereal crops and takes up cadmium (Cd) more readily than other crops. Understanding the mechanism of Cd uptake and defense in rice can help us avoid Cd in the food chain. However, studies comparing Cd uptake, toxicity, and detoxification mechanisms of leaf and root Cd exposure at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptional levels are still lacking. Therefore, experiments were conducted in this study and found that root Cd exposure resulted in more severe oxidative and photosynthetic damage, lower plant biomass, higher Cd accumulation, and transcriptional changes in rice than leaf Cd exposure. The activation of phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in both root and leaf tissues under different Cd exposure routes suggests that increased lignin is the response mechanism of rice under Cd stress. Moreover, the roots of rice are more sensitive to Cd stress and their adaptation responses are more pronounced than those of leaves. Quantitative PCR revealed that OsPOX, OsCAD, OsPAL and OsCCR play important roles in the response to Cd stress, which further emphasize the importance of lignin. Therefore, this study provides theoretical evidence for future chemical and genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis in crop plants to reduce Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youlin Luo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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16
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Martha GB, Barioni LG, Santos PM, Maule RF, Moran D. Getting pastoral systems productivity right. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170268. [PMID: 38246390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Beef production in pasture-based systems is increasingly contested due to related biophysical and environmental challenges. Addressing these requires rigorous science-based evidence to inform private decisions and public policies. Increasing yields and simultaneously reducing the negative environmental impacts of agricultural and livestock production are central to sustainable intensification approaches. Yet, stocking rate, the commonly used metric for animal productivity in pastures, or more broadly, of sustainable intensification in pastoral production systems, warrants scrutiny to signpost successful transformative change of food systems and to avoid provision of misleading policy advice. Here we discuss why future studies would benefit of considering the two constituent elements of productivity in pastoral systems - animal performance (kg of animal product/head) and stocking rates (heads/ha) -, rather than stocking rates alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo B Martha
- Embrapa Digital Agriculture, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program - Institute of Economics/Center for Studies in Applied, Agricultural and Environmental Economics (CEA), Unicamp - Campus Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Fernando Maule
- Public Policy Group (GPP), "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (Esalq), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Dominic Moran
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
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17
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Liu G, Deng X, Zhang F. The spatial and source heterogeneity of agricultural emissions highlight necessity of tailored regional mitigation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169917. [PMID: 38199376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture contributes considerable greenhouse gas emissions while feed the constantly expanding world population. The challenge of balancing food security with emissions reduction to create a mutually beneficial situation is paramount. However, assessing targeted mitigation potential for agricultural emissions remains challenging, lacking comprehensive sub-national evaluations. Here, we have meticulously compiled the agricultural greenhouse gas emission inventories of China spanning the years 2000 to 2019, employing spatial analysis techniques to identify regional characteristics. We find that the peak of China's agricultural production emissions occurred in 2015 (1.03 × 109 tCO2 equivalent), followed by a valley in 2019 (0.94 tCO2 equivalent), largely attributed to shifts in livestock-related activities. Notably, methane emissions were the most dominant greenhouse gas, the Hunan province emerged as a prominent contributor, livestock raising stood out as a major activity, and enteric fermentation ranked as the primary emission source. There were substantial differences in the emission structure and sources among the provinces. Further spatial analysis showed geographical disparities in both total emissions and per capita emissions. The west-east blocked spatial characteristics of per capita emissions at the Hu Line sides emerged. We advocate that tailored mitigation strategy focusing on specific emission sources and regions can achieve substantial progress with minimal effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangzheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Yang Y, He T, Ravindran P, Wen F, Krishnamurthy P, Wang L, Zhang Z, Kumar PP, Chae E, Lee C. All-organic transparent plant e-skin for noninvasive phenotyping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk7488. [PMID: 38363835 PMCID: PMC10871535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Real-time in situ monitoring of plant physiology is essential for establishing a phenotyping platform for precision agriculture. A key enabler for this monitoring is a device that can be noninvasively attached to plants and transduce their physiological status into digital data. Here, we report an all-organic transparent plant e-skin by micropatterning poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. This plant e-skin is optically and mechanically invisible to plants with no observable adverse effects to plant health. We demonstrate the capabilities of our plant e-skins as strain and temperature sensors, with the application to Brassica rapa leaves for collecting corresponding parameters under normal and abiotic stress conditions. Strains imposed on the leaf surface during growth as well as diurnal fluctuation of surface temperature were captured. We further present a digital-twin interface to visualize real-time plant surface environment, providing an intuitive and vivid platform for plant phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Pratibha Ravindran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Luwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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19
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Fan Z, Gu T, Hackett PB, Li K. Asexual reproduction for improved livestock breeding. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:141-143. [PMID: 37951780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
As natural environments deteriorate, genetic improvements to agricultural animals will be required to ensure global food security. Improving livestock production by introducing asexual reproduction (AR) into mainstream animal husbandry can help meet the challenge, but its advantages must be accompanied by social, commercial, and governmental acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Fan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Taotao Gu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Perry B Hackett
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
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20
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Kazimierczuk K, Barrows SE, Olarte MV, Qafoku NP. Decarbonization of Agriculture: The Greenhouse Gas Impacts and Economics of Existing and Emerging Climate-Smart Practices. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:426-442. [PMID: 38144676 PMCID: PMC10739617 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased focus on the potential to mitigate emissions through climate-smart agricultural practices, including regenerative, digital, and controlled environment farming systems. The effectiveness of these solutions largely depends on their ability to address environmental concerns, generate economic returns, and meet supply chain needs. In this Review, we summarize the state of knowledge on the GHG impacts and profitability of these three existing and emerging farming systems. Although we find potential for CO2 mitigation in all three approaches (depending on site-specific and climatic factors), we point to the greater level of research covering the efficacy of regenerative and digital agriculture in tackling non-CO2 emissions (i.e., N2O and CH4), which account for the majority of agriculture's GHG footprint. Despite this greater research coverage, we still find significant methodological and data limitations in accounting for the major GHG fluxes of these practices, especially the lifetime CH4 footprint of more nascent climate-smart regenerative agriculture practices. Across the approaches explored, uncertainties remain about the overall efficacy and persistence of mitigation-particularly with respect to the offsetting of soil carbon sequestration gains by N2O emissions and the lifecycle emissions of controlled environment agriculture systems compared to traditional systems. We find that the economic feasibility of these practices is also system-specific, although regenerative agriculture is generally the most accessible climate-smart approach. Robust incentives (including carbon credit considerations), investments, and policy changes would make these practices more financially accessible to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kazimierczuk
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah E. Barrows
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mariefel V. Olarte
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikolla P. Qafoku
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 99195, United States
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21
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Lan Y, Xu B, Huan Y, Guo J, Liu X, Han J, Li K. Food Security and Land Use under Sustainable Development Goals: Insights from Food Supply to Demand Side and Limited Arable Land in China. Foods 2023; 12:4168. [PMID: 38002225 PMCID: PMC10670508 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The conflict between economic growth and the arable land demand poses a significant challenge to maintaining food security and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Meanwhile, substantial regional disparities in food consumption contribute to variations in land demand, further exacerbating constraints on food security. However, few studies have delved into regional differences in land demand related to food consumption. To bridge these gaps, this study estimated the arable land demand and associated pressures, considering food consumption patterns and the land footprint across 31 provincial districts in China. The findings reveal that grains remain the primary crop consumed by Chinese residents. Notably, the food consumption pattern exhibits substantial disparities among provincial districts, particularly concerning livestock products. Given China's vast population and escalating consumption of livestock, the country demonstrates heightened land demands. While China does not face a national-level food security threat, regional disparities are evident, with eight provincial districts facing potential food security risks. This study explored the challenges and pathways in maintaining food security and the visions to achieve it, emphasizing the importance of sustaining a balanced food consumption pattern, reducing food waste, improving environmentally friendly agriculture practices, formulating effective and continuous laws and regulations, and exploring potential land resource development to alleviate the pressure on arable land and ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.X.); (J.H.)
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bingjie Xu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.X.); (J.H.)
- Resources Geography and Land Resources Research Division, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yizhong Huan
- College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- College of International Development and Global Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jingwen Han
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Keran Li
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
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22
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Tan LJ, Shin S. Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Self-Selective Diets and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults 40 and Older: A Prospective Cohort Study in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117010. [PMID: 37976131 PMCID: PMC10655912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food system accounts for ∼ 40 % of human-generated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Meanwhile, daily diet selection also impacts human nutrition status and health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to use the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score to evaluate the quality of a low-GHG emission diet and the association with risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 41,659 healthy participants without MetS 40 y of age or older were selected from the Health Examinees Study, an ongoing cohort study in South Korea from 2004. A dietary GHG emissions database was compiled following a national project and literature review. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The participants were grouped into quintiles based on 2,000 kcal -standardized daily diet-GHG emissions (Q1: the lowest energy-adjusted diet-GHG emissions). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk for MetS at follow-up. The aMED score was used to assess the diet quality of the different diet-related GHG emission groups. RESULTS Females with lower energy-adjusted diet-related GHG emissions had significantly lower risks of developing MetS (p = 0.0043 ) than those with the highest energy-adjusted diet-related GHG emissions. In addition, the Q1 group, in comparison with the other groups, had a higher aMED score (3.02 for males and 3.00 for females), which indicated that the participants in this group had a diet that more closely matched the Mediterranean diet. DISCUSSION These findings provide a reference for dietary guidance and other policies aimed toward improving dietary intake and reducing diet-related GHG emissions in South Korea and worldwide. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zaman QU, Raza A, Gill RA, Hussain MA, Wang HF, Varshney RK. New possibilities for trait improvement via mobile CRISPR-RNA. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1335-1338. [PMID: 37258389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene technology is transported as RNA from transgenic roots to distal parts of unmodified grafted scion, where it is translated into proteins to induce heritable mutagenesis at desired loci. This technique has the potential to produce transgene-free and genetically stable plants in difficult-to-propagate and near-extinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar U Zaman
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hussain
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hua Feng Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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24
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Nedzingahe V, Tambe BA, Zuma MK, Mbhenyane XG. Associations among Food Systems, Food Environments, Food Choices, Food Security, and Nutrition Transition in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6557. [PMID: 37623143 PMCID: PMC10454841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was applied to investigate the influence of food systems and food environments on food choices and nutrition transition of households in Limpopo province, South Africa. A sample of 429 households was systematically selected using a paper selection draw from three districts. This paper determines the association among food systems, food environments, food choices, and nutritional measurements of the respondents. A validated questionnaire was used. Most of the respondents responsible for food procurement were females (80.4%). There was a significant association (p < 0.001) between proximity to food stores and dietary diversity of the households. Staple foods such as bread, maize, rice, samp, and mealie rice were available in almost all surveyed households (95.6%). More than half of the households (59.8%) had home gardens in their yards. Almost half of the households (48.4%) had a low Dietary Diversity Score. The study further revealed that 46.0% of households were food secure. Over a third (36.2%) of the respondents were obese, and 32.5% were diabetic. The mean total blood cholesterol was 3.69 ± 0.74 mmol/L. A high percentage of both females (89.6%) and males (91.5%) had normal hemoglobin levels. Almost half of the respondents had normal systolic blood pressure levels (45.6%), and nearly a quarter had high diastolic levels (21.4%). The 25 coping strategies were applied during food shortage periods. Even though the food environments provided both obesogenic and protective foods, the consumption of unhealthy foods was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vhushavhelo Nedzingahe
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa; (V.N.); (B.A.T.); (M.K.Z.)
| | - Betrand Ayuk Tambe
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa; (V.N.); (B.A.T.); (M.K.Z.)
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Mthokozisi Kwazi Zuma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa; (V.N.); (B.A.T.); (M.K.Z.)
- Impact and Partnerships Division, Agricultural Research Council, P.O. Box 8783, Pretoria 0084, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Xikombiso Gertrude Mbhenyane
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape, South Africa; (V.N.); (B.A.T.); (M.K.Z.)
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25
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Horton P. A sustainable food future. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230702. [PMID: 37621658 PMCID: PMC10445026 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The adverse environmental impacts of food production, the ill-health resulting from excess consumption and malnutrition, and the lack of resilience to the increasing number of threats to food availability show that the global system of food provision is not fit for purpose. Here, the causative flaws in the food system are identified and a framework presented for discovering the best ways to eliminate them. This framework is based upon an integrated view of the food system and the socio-economic systems in which it functions. The framework comprises an eight-point plan to describe the structure and functioning of the food system and to discover the optimum ways to bring about the changes needed to deliver a sustainable food future. The plan includes: priorities for research needed to provide options for change; an inclusive analytical methodology that uses the results of this research and incorporates acquisition, sharing and analysis of data; the need for actions at the local and national levels; and the requirements to overcome the barriers to change through education and international cooperation. The prospects for implementation of the plan and the required changes in the outcomes of the food system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horton
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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26
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Cárdenas Pardo NJ, Rodriguez Robayo DE, Fernandez Lizarazo JC, Peña-Quemba DC, McGale E. Exploring the future of GM technology in sustainable local food systems in Colombia. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1181811. [PMID: 37457887 PMCID: PMC10349173 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1181811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The security of Earth's food systems is challenged by shifting regional climates. While agricultural processes are disrupted by climate change, they also play a large role in contributing to destabilizing greenhouse gases. Finding new strategies to increase yields while decreasing agricultural environmental impacts is essential. Tropical agriculture is particularly susceptible to climate change: local, smallholder farming, which provides a majority of the food supply, is high risk and has limited adaptation capacity. Rapid, inexpensive, intuitive solutions are needed, like the implementation of genetically modified (GM) crops. In the Latin American tropics, high awareness and acceptance of GM technologies, opportunities to test GM crops as part of local agricultural educations, and their known economic benefits, support their use. However, this is not all that is needed for the future of GM technologies in these areas: GM implementation must also consider environmental and social sustainability, which can be unique to a locality. Primarily from the perspective of its educators, the potential of a rural Colombian university in driving GM implementation is explored, including the role of this type of university in producing agricultural engineers who can innovate with GM to meet regionally-dependent environmental and cultural needs that could increase their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Camilo Peña-Quemba
- Utopía, Universidad de La Salle, Yopal, Colombia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Fundación Universitaria de San Gil, UNISANGIL, Yopal, Colombia
| | - Erica McGale
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Shariatmadary H, O'Hara S, Graham R, Stuiver M. Assessing Sustainability Priorities of U.S. Food Hub Managers: Results from a National Survey. Foods 2023; 12:2458. [PMID: 37444196 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food hubs have emerged as innovative alternatives to the conventional United States food system. As aggregators of small local farms, food hubs hold the potential to transform food production, distribution, and consumption, while fostering environmental sustainability and social equity. However, assessing their contributions to environmental sustainability and social equity is challenging due to the diverse structures and practices of U.S. food hubs. This study presents the findings of a national survey of food hub managers conducted in 2022 to assess the sustainability objectives and practices of food hubs across the United States. Our survey questions were designed based on a comprehensive framework of social and environmental sustainability criteria. Our results reveal that food hubs make valuable contributions in supporting small producers and providing healthy local food options. However, there is room for improvement in their environmental sustainability practices, as they only meet 47% of the defined environmental sustainability goals. Addressing food insecurity is a high priority for food hubs, although not their top priority, and many offer fresh food access to low-income households. Food hubs also contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing food transportation, promoting healthy food production methods, and minimizing waste. While food hubs meet 67% of the defined social sustainability goals, there are opportunities for improvement in reaching important institutional stakeholders and enhancing consumer education on healthy nutrition and lifestyles. Expanding technical assistance for farmers is also critical. By addressing these opportunities for improvement, food hubs can drive progress towards a more resilient and equitable food system in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Shariatmadary
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES), University of the District of Columbia (UDC), Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Sabine O'Hara
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES), University of the District of Columbia (UDC), Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Rebecca Graham
- Institutional Assessment, University of the District of Columbia (UDC), Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Marian Stuiver
- Green Cities Programme, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Seebacher F, Narayan E, Rummer JL, Tomlinson S, Cooke SJ. How can physiology best contribute to wildlife conservation in a warming world? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad038. [PMID: 37287992 PMCID: PMC10243909 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5°C by 2033 and 2°C by the end of the 21st century. This level of warming and the associated environmental variability are already increasing pressure on natural and human systems. Here we emphasize the role of physiology in the light of the latest assessment of climate warming by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We describe how physiology can contribute to contemporary conservation programmes. We focus on thermal responses of animals, but we acknowledge that the impacts of climate change are much broader phylogenetically and environmentally. A physiological contribution would encompass environmental monitoring, coupled with measuring individual sensitivities to temperature change and upscaling these to ecosystem level. The latest version of the widely accepted Conservation Standards designed by the Conservation Measures Partnership includes several explicit climate change considerations. We argue that physiology has a unique role to play in addressing these considerations. Moreover, physiology can be incorporated by institutions and organizations that range from international bodies to national governments and to local communities, and in doing so, it brings a mechanistic approach to conservation and the management of biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edward Narayan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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29
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Gajardo HA, Gómez-Espinoza O, Boscariol Ferreira P, Carrer H, Bravo LA. The Potential of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Enhance Crop Performance on Adverse Soil Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091892. [PMID: 37176948 PMCID: PMC10181257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide food security is under threat in the actual scenery of global climate change because the major staple food crops are not adapted to hostile climatic and soil conditions. Significant efforts have been performed to maintain the actual yield of crops, using traditional breeding and innovative molecular techniques to assist them. However, additional strategies are necessary to achieve the future food demand. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technology, as well as its variants, have emerged as alternatives to transgenic plant breeding. This novelty has helped to accelerate the necessary modifications in major crops to confront the impact of abiotic stress on agriculture systems. This review summarizes the current advances in CRISPR/Cas applications in crops to deal with the main hostile soil conditions, such as drought, flooding and waterlogging, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient deficiencies. In addition, the potential of extremophytes as a reservoir of new molecular mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance, as well as their orthologue identification and edition in crops, is shown. Moreover, the future challenges and prospects related to CRISPR/Cas technology issues, legal regulations, and customer acceptance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto A Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
| | - Olman Gómez-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Pedro Boscariol Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Helaine Carrer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente & Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 1145, Chile
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30
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Yu Q, Wu W, Tang H. Increased food-miles and transport emissions. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:207-208. [PMID: 37118268 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Huajun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Jahn LJ, Rekdal VM, Sommer MOA. Microbial foods for improving human and planetary health. Cell 2023; 186:469-478. [PMID: 36657442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current food production system is negatively impacting planetary and human health. A transition to a sustainable and fair food system is urgently needed. Microorganisms are likely enablers of this process, as they can produce delicious and healthy microbial foods with low environmental footprints. We review traditional and current approaches to microbial foods, such as fermented foods, microbial biomass, and food ingredients derived from microbial fermentations. We discuss how future advances in science-driven fermentation, synthetic biology, and sustainable feedstocks enable a new generation of microbial foods, potentially impacting the sustainability, resilience, and health effects of our food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Jahn
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vayu M Rekdal
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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32
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Campbell BM, Thornton PK, Nelson GC. Upping our ambition for food system adaptation. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:970-971. [PMID: 37118292 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Campbell
- Clim-Eat, Netherlands Food Partnership, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Meng Z, Guo J, Yan K, Yang Z, Li B, Zhang B, Chen B. China's Trade of Agricultural Products Drives Substantial Greenhouse Gas Emissions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15774. [PMID: 36497851 PMCID: PMC9740673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
China's trade of agricultural products has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, resulting in considerable shifts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This study aims to explore the evolution of GHG emissions embodied in China's trade of agricultural products from 1995 to 2015. The GHG emissions embodied in China's exports of agricultural products experienced three stages of fluctuation, showing a significant upward trend (1995-2003), a fluctuating trend (2004-2007), and a fall back to the previous level (2008-2015). The embodied GHG emissions in China's imports were witnessed at times of sustained growth, rising from 10.5 Mt CO2-eq in 1995 to 107.7 Mt CO2-eq in 2015. The net import of embodied GHG emissions has grown at an average annual rate of 25.1% since 2008. In terms of regional contribution, the distribution of China's trading partners tended to be diversified. The increasing net imports of oil crops to China resulted in a significant GHG emissions shift from China to the US and Brazil. Asian countries contributed to 76.9% of the total GHG emissions embodied in China's agricultural exports. The prominent impacts of China's trade of agricultural products on global GHG emissions provide important implications for climate-related policy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinling Guo
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kejia Yan
- School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhuan Yang
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bozi Li
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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34
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Lu K, Chen X, Yao X, An Y, Wang X, Qin L, Li X, Wang Z, Liu S, Sun Z, Zhang L, Chen L, Li B, Liu B, Wang W, Ding X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Zou S, Dong H. Phosphorylation of a wheat aquaporin at two sites enhances both plant growth and defense. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1772-1789. [PMID: 36207815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes, but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown. Here, we report that the wheat (Triticum aestivum) aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest. In response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO2 into wheat cells, resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield. In response to apoplastic H2O2 induced by pathogen or insect attacks, TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where H2O2 intensifies host defenses, restricting further attacks. Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280, thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lina Qin
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zuodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Baoyan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection & Resource and Environment, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection & Resource and Environment, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Weiyang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China.
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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