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Castillo PR, Patel V, Mera RM, Rumbea DA, Del Brutto OH. Choroid plexus calcifications are not associated with putative markers of glymphatic dysfunction: A population study in middle-aged and older adults. Neuroradiol J 2024; 37:342-350. [PMID: 38490679 DOI: 10.1177/19714009241240315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies have suggested an association between dysfunction of the choroid plexus and the glymphatic system. However, information is inconclusive. Following a population-based study design, we aimed to assess the association between choroid plexus calcifications (CPCs)-as a surrogate of choroid plexus dysfunction-and severity and progression of putative markers of glymphatic dysfunction, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin and abnormally enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces (BG-PVS). METHODS This study recruited community-dwellers aged ≥40 years living in neighboring Ecuadorian villages. Participants who had baseline head CTs and brain MRIs were included in cross-sectional analyses and those who additional had follow-up MRIs (after a mean of 6.4 ± 1.5 years) were included in longitudinal analyses. Logistic and Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, were fitted to assess associations between CPCs and WMH and enlarged BG-PVS severity and progression. RESULTS A total of 590 individuals were included in the cross-sectional component of the study, and 215 in the longitudinal component. At baseline, 25% of participants had moderate-to-severe WMH and 27% had abnormally enlarged BG-PVS. At follow-up, 36% and 20% of participants had WMH and enlarged BG-PVS progression, respectively. Logistic regression models showed no significant differences between CPCs volumes stratified in quartiles and severity of WMH and enlarged BG-PVS. Poisson regression models showed no association between the exposure and WMH and enlarged BG-PVS progression. Baseline age remained significant in these models. CONCLUSIONS Choroid plexus calcifications are not associated with putative markers of glymphatic system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishal Patel
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Robertino M Mera
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology, Freenome, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denisse A Rumbea
- School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Oscar H Del Brutto
- School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Ecuador
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Turner MC, Radzikowska U, Ferastraoaru DE, Pascal M, Wesseling P, McCraw A, Backes C, Bax HJ, Bergmann C, Bianchini R, Cari L, de Las Vecillas L, Izquierdo E, Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Michelucci A, Nazarov PV, Niclou SP, Nocentini G, Ollert M, Preusser M, Rohr-Udilova N, Scafidi A, Toth R, Van Hemelrijck M, Weller M, Jappe U, Escribese MM, Jensen-Jarolim E, Karagiannis SN, Poli A. AllergoOncology: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus-A joint EAACI-EANO position paper. Allergy 2024; 79:1419-1439. [PMID: 38263898 DOI: 10.1111/all.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE-mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2-biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour-immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult-type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune-glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denisa E Ferastraoaru
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra McCraw
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudine Backes
- National Cancer Registry (Registre National du Cancer (RNC)), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Public Health Expertise Unit, Department of Precision Health, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (EPI CAN), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, RKM740 Interdisciplinary Clinics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reka Toth
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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van Veluw SJ, Benveniste H, Bakker ENTP, Carare RO, Greenberg SM, Iliff JJ, Lorthois S, Van Nostrand WE, Petzold GC, Shih AY, van Osch MJP. Is CAA a perivascular brain clearance disease? A discussion of the evidence to date and outlook for future studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:239. [PMID: 38801464 PMCID: PMC11130115 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The brain's network of perivascular channels for clearance of excess fluids and waste plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is the main cause of hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly, the most common vascular comorbidity in Alzheimer's disease and also implicated in adverse events related to anti-amyloid immunotherapy. Remarkably, the mechanisms governing perivascular clearance of soluble amyloid β-a key culprit in CAA-from the brain to draining lymphatics and systemic circulation remains poorly understood. This knowledge gap is critically important to bridge for understanding the pathophysiology of CAA and accelerate development of targeted therapeutics. The authors of this review recently converged their diverse expertise in the field of perivascular physiology to specifically address this problem within the framework of a Leducq Foundation Transatlantic Network of Excellence on Brain Clearance. This review discusses the overarching goal of the consortium and explores the evidence supporting or refuting the role of impaired perivascular clearance in the pathophysiology of CAA with a focus on translating observations from rodents to humans. We also discuss the anatomical features of perivascular channels as well as the biophysical characteristics of fluid and solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne J van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sylvie Lorthois
- Institut de Mécanique Des Fluides de Toulouse, IMFT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Yang F, Wang Z, Shi W, Wang M, Ma R, Zhang W, Li X, Wang E, Xie W, Zhang Z, Shen Q, Zhou F, Yang S. Advancing insights into in vivo meningeal lymphatic vessels with stereoscopic wide-field photoacoustic microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38664374 PMCID: PMC11045809 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) play a pivotal role in regulating metabolic waste from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, the current limitations in field of view and resolution of existing imaging techniques impede understanding the stereoscopic morphology and dynamic behavior of mLVs in vivo. Here, we utilized dual-contrast functional photoacoustic microscopy to achieve wide-field intravital imaging of the lymphatic system, including mLVs and glymphatic pathways. The stereoscopic photoacoustic microscopy based on opto-acoustic confocal features has a depth imaging capability of 3.75 mm, facilitating differentiation between mLVs on the meninges and glymphatic pathways within the brain parenchyma. Subsequently, using this imaging technique, we were able to visualize the dynamic drainage of mLVs and identify a peak drainage period occurring around 20-40 min after injection, along with determining the flow direction from CSF to lymph nodes. Inspiringly, in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model, we observed that AD mice exhibit a ~ 70% reduction in drainage volume of mLVs compared to wild-type mice. With the development of AD, there is be continued decline in mLVs drainage volume. This finding clearly demonstrates that the AD mouse model has impaired CSF drainage. Our study opens up a horizon for understanding the brain's drainage mechanism and dissecting mLVs-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Rui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wuyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xipeng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Erqi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wang L, Zheng J, Zhao S, Wan Y, Wang M, Bosco DB, Kuan CY, Richardson JR, Wu LJ. CCR2 + monocytes replenish border-associated macrophages in the diseased mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114120. [PMID: 38625796 PMCID: PMC11105166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are tissue-resident macrophages that reside at the border of the central nervous system (CNS). Since BAMs originate from yolk sac progenitors that do not persist after birth, the means by which this population of cells is maintained is not well understood. Using two-photon microscopy and multiple lineage-tracing strategies, we determine that CCR2+ monocytes are significant contributors to BAM populations following disruptions of CNS homeostasis in adult mice. After BAM depletion, while the residual BAMs possess partial self-repopulation capability, the CCR2+ monocytes are a critical source of the repopulated BAMs. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of CCR2+ monocyte-derived long-lived BAMs in a brain compression model and in a sepsis model after the initial disruption of homeostasis. Our study reveals that the short-lived CCR2+ monocytes transform into long-lived BAM-like cells at the CNS border and subsequently contribute to BAM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yushan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Meijie Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Center for Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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van Osch MJP, Wåhlin A, Scheyhing P, Mossige I, Hirschler L, Eklund A, Mogensen K, Gomolka R, Radbruch A, Qvarlander S, Decker A, Nedergaard M, Mori Y, Eide PK, Deike K, Ringstad G. Human brain clearance imaging: Pathways taken by magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents after administration in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5159. [PMID: 38634301 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become evident that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a pivotal role in brain solute clearance through perivascular pathways and interactions between the brain and meningeal lymphatic vessels. Whereas most of this fundamental knowledge was gained from rodent models, human brain clearance imaging has provided important insights into the human system and highlighted the existence of important interspecies differences. Current gold standard techniques for human brain clearance imaging involve the injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents and monitoring their distribution and clearance over a period from a few hours up to 2 days. With both intrathecal and intravenous injections being used, which each have their own specific routes of distribution and thus clearance of contrast agent, a clear understanding of the kinetics associated with both approaches, and especially the differences between them, is needed to properly interpret the results. Because it is known that intrathecally injected contrast agent reaches the blood, albeit in small concentrations, and that similarly some of the intravenously injected agent can be detected in CSF, both pathways are connected and will, in theory, reach the same compartments. However, because of clear differences in relative enhancement patterns, both injection approaches will result in varying sensitivities for assessment of different subparts of the brain clearance system. In this opinion review article, the "EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND)" consortium on human brain clearance imaging provides an overview of contrast agent pharmacokinetics in vivo following intrathecal and intravenous injections and what typical concentrations and concentration-time curves should be expected. This can be the basis for optimizing and interpreting contrast-enhanced MRI for brain clearance imaging. Furthermore, this can shed light on how molecules may exchange between blood, brain, and CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J P van Osch
- C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul Scheyhing
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingrid Mossige
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klara Mogensen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ryszard Gomolka
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Qvarlander
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Decker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Deike
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Geir Ringstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
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7
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Bork PAR, Hauglund NL, Mori Y, Møllgård K, Hjorth PG, Nedergaard M. Modeling of brain efflux: Constraints of brain surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318444121. [PMID: 38598340 PMCID: PMC11032467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318444121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluid efflux from the brain plays an important role in solute waste clearance. Current experimental approaches provide little spatial information, and data collection is limited due to short duration or low frequency of sampling. One approach shows tracer efflux to be independent of molecular size, indicating bulk flow, yet also decelerating like simple membrane diffusion. In an apparent contradiction to this report, other studies point to tracer efflux acceleration. We here develop a one-dimensional advection-diffusion model to gain insight into brain efflux principles. The model is characterized by nine physiological constants and three efflux parameters for which we quantify prior uncertainty. Using Bayes' rule and the two efflux studies, we validate the model and calculate data-informed parameter distributions. The apparent contradictions in the efflux studies are resolved by brain surface boundaries being bottlenecks for efflux. To critically test the model, a custom MRI efflux assay measuring solute dispersion in tissue and release to cerebrospinal fluid was employed. The model passed the test with tissue bulk flow velocities in the range 60 to 190 [Formula: see text]m/h. Dimensional analysis identified three principal determinants of efflux, highlighting brain surfaces as a restricting factor for metabolite solute clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. R. Bork
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200Denmark
| | - Natalie L. Hauglund
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200Denmark
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200Denmark
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200Denmark
| | - Poul G. Hjorth
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200Denmark
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8
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Shan X, Lu Y, Luo Z, Zhao X, Pang M, Yin H, Guo X, Zhou H, Zhang J, Huang J, Shi Y, Lou J, Luo L, You J. A Long-Acting Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Implant Promotes the Drainage of Macromolecules by Brain-Related Lymphatic System in Treating Aged Alzheimer's Disease. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9688-9703. [PMID: 38517764 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Numerous evidence has demonstrated that the brain is not an immune-privileged organ but possesses a whole set of lymphatic transport system, which facilitates the drainage of harmful waste from brains to maintain cerebral homeostasis. However, as individuals age, the shrinkage and dysfunction of meningeal and deep cervical lymphatic networks lead to reduced waste outflow and elevated neurotoxic molecules deposition, further inducing aging-associated cognitive decline, which act as one of the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, recovering the function of meningeal and deep cervical lymph node (dCLNs) networks (as an important part of the brain waste removal system (BWRS)) of aged brains might be a feasible strategy. Herein we showed that the drug brain-entering efficiency was highly related to administration routes (oral, subcutaneous, or dCLN delivery). Besides, by injecting a long-acting lyotropic liquid crystalline implant encapsulating cilostazol (an FDA-approved selective PDE-3 inhibitor) and donepezil hydrochloride (a commonly used symptomatic relief agent to inhibit acetylcholinesterase for Alzheimer's disease) near the deep cervical lymph nodes of aged mice (about 20 months), an increase of lymphatic vessel coverage in the nodes and meninges was observed, along with accelerated drainage of macromolecules from brains. Compared with daily oral delivery of cilostazol and donepezil hydrochloride, a single administered dual drugs-loaded long-acting implants releasing for more than one month not only elevated drug concentrations in brains, improved the clearing efficiency of brain macromolecules, reduced Aβ accumulation, enhanced cognitive functions of the aged mice, but improved patient compliance as well, which provided a clinically accessible therapeutic strategy toward aged Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Mei Pang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, 498 Yiwu Street, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, P. R. China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P. R. China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, 498 Yiwu Street, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, P. R. China
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9
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Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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10
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Kallal N, Hugues S, Garnier L. Regulation of autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation by endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350482. [PMID: 38335316 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The CNS has traditionally been considered an immune-privileged organ, but recent studies have identified a plethora of immune cells in the choroid plexus, meninges, perivascular spaces, and cribriform plate. Although those immune cells are crucial for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and for neural protection against infections, they can lead to neuroinflammation in some circumstances. The blood and the lymphatic vasculatures exhibit distinct structural and molecular features depending on their location in the CNS, greatly influencing the compartmentalization and the nature of CNS immune responses. In this review, we discuss how endothelial cells regulate the migration and the functions of T cells in the CNS both at steady-state and in murine models of neuroinflammation, with a special focus on the anatomical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Kallal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Garnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Ringstad G, Eide PK. Glymphatic-lymphatic coupling: assessment of the evidence from magnetic resonance imaging of humans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:131. [PMID: 38472405 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The discoveries that cerebrospinal fluid participates in metabolic perivascular exchange with the brain and further drains solutes to meningeal lymphatic vessels have sparked a tremendous interest in translating these seminal findings from animals to humans. A potential two-way coupling between the brain extra-vascular compartment and the peripheral immune system has implications that exceed those concerning neurodegenerative diseases, but also imply that the central nervous system has pushed its immunological borders toward the periphery, where cross-talk mediated by cerebrospinal fluid may play a role in a range of neoplastic and immunological diseases. Due to its non-invasive approach, magnetic resonance imaging has typically been the preferred methodology in attempts to image the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics in humans. Even if flourishing, the research field is still in its cradle, and interpretations of imaging findings that topographically associate with reports from animals have yet seemed to downplay the presence of previously described anatomical constituents, particularly in the dura. In this brief review, we illuminate these challenges and assess the evidence for a glymphatic-lymphatic coupling. Finally, we provide a new perspective on how human brain and meningeal clearance function may possibly be measured in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Ringstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Eide PK, Ringstad G. Functional analysis of the human perivascular subarachnoid space. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2001. [PMID: 38443374 PMCID: PMC10914778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The human subarachnoid space harbors the cerebrospinal fluid, which flows within a landscape of blood vessels and trabeculae. Functional implications of subarachnoid space anatomy remain far less understood. This study of 75 patients utilizes a cerebrospinal fluid tracer (gadobutrol) and consecutive magnetic resonance imaging to investigate features of early (i.e. within 2-3 h after injection) tracer propagation within the subarachnoid space. There is a time-dependent perivascular pattern of enrichment antegrade along the major cerebral artery trunks; the anterior-, middle-, and posterior cerebral arteries. The correlation between time of first enrichment around arteries and early enrichment in nearby cerebral cortex is significant. These observations suggest the existence of a compartmentalized subarachnoid space, where perivascular ensheathment of arteries facilitates antegrade tracer passage towards brain tissue. Periarterial transport is impaired in subjects with reduced intracranial pressure-volume reserve capacity and in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients who also show increased perivascular space size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1072 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir Ringstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital- Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal medicine, Sorlandet Hospital, 4838, Arendal, Arendal, Norway
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13
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Smyth LCD, Xu D, Okar SV, Dykstra T, Rustenhoven J, Papadopoulos Z, Bhasiin K, Kim MW, Drieu A, Mamuladze T, Blackburn S, Gu X, Gaitán MI, Nair G, Storck SE, Du S, White MA, Bayguinov P, Smirnov I, Dikranian K, Reich DS, Kipnis J. Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain. Nature 2024; 627:165-173. [PMID: 38326613 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The arachnoid barrier delineates the border between the central nervous system and dura mater. Although the arachnoid barrier creates a partition, communication between the central nervous system and the dura mater is crucial for waste clearance and immune surveillance1,2. How the arachnoid barrier balances separation and communication is poorly understood. Here, using transcriptomic data, we developed transgenic mice to examine specific anatomical structures that function as routes across the arachnoid barrier. Bridging veins create discontinuities where they cross the arachnoid barrier, forming structures that we termed arachnoid cuff exit (ACE) points. The openings that ACE points create allow the exchange of fluids and molecules between the subarachnoid space and the dura, enabling the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and limited entry of molecules from the dura to the subarachnoid space. In healthy human volunteers, magnetic resonance imaging tracers transit along bridging veins in a similar manner to access the subarachnoid space. Notably, in neuroinflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, ACE points also enable cellular trafficking, representing a route for immune cells to directly enter the subarachnoid space from the dura mater. Collectively, our results indicate that ACE points are a critical part of the anatomy of neuroimmune communication in both mice and humans that link the central nervous system with the dura and its immunological diversity and waste clearance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon C D Smyth
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Di Xu
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Serhat V Okar
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zachary Papadopoulos
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kesshni Bhasiin
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tornike Mamuladze
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Blackburn
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xingxing Gu
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - María I Gaitán
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Govind Nair
- Quantitative MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steffen E Storck
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krikor Dikranian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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14
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Guzmán Chacón E, Ovando-Tellez M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Forkel SJ. Embracing digital innovation in neuroscience: 2023 in review at NEUROCCINO. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:251-255. [PMID: 38386031 PMCID: PMC10917830 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guzmán Chacón
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, IMN, UMR 5293, GIN, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, IMN, UMR 5293, GIN, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Paris, France.
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Bobotis BC, Halvorson T, Carrier M, Tremblay MÈ. Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1317125. [PMID: 38425429 PMCID: PMC10902073 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1317125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation, and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure, and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration, and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these established and emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis, and CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Caroline Bobotis
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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16
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Wenzel J, Schwaninger M. Macrophages and endothelial cells in the neurovascular unit. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:36. [PMID: 38347168 PMCID: PMC10861386 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wenzel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany.
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17
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Zhao H, Sun M, Zhang Y, Kong W, Fan L, Wang K, Xu Q, Chen B, Dong J, Shi Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhuang X, Li Q, Lin F, Yao X, Zhang W, Kong C, Zhang R, Feng D, Zhao X. Connecting the Dots: The Cerebral Lymphatic System as a Bridge Between the Central Nervous System and Peripheral System in Health and Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:115-152. [PMID: 37307828 PMCID: PMC10796102 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a recently discovered waste removal system in the brain, cerebral lymphatic system is thought to play an important role in regulating the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Currently, more and more attention is being focused on the cerebral lymphatic system. Further understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of cerebral lymphatic system is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of diseases and to explore therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the structural components and functional characteristics of cerebral lymphatic system. More importantly, it is closely associated with peripheral system diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney. However, there is still a gap in the study of the cerebral lymphatic system. However, we believe that it is a critical mediator of the interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zhao
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lulu Fan
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Baiyan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Yanan Shi
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - ShiQi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feihong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - WenBo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chang Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of neurosurgery, Tangdu hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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18
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Xiong Z, Raphael I, Olin M, Okada H, Li X, Kohanbash G. Glioblastoma vaccines: past, present, and opportunities. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104963. [PMID: 38183840 PMCID: PMC10808938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal central nervous systems (CNS) tumours in adults. As supplements to standard of care (SOC), various immunotherapies improve the therapeutic effect in other cancers. Among them, tumour vaccines can serve as complementary monotherapy or boost the clinical efficacy with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy. Previous studies in GBM therapeutic vaccines have suggested that few neoantigens could be targeted in GBM due to low mutation burden, and single-peptide therapeutic vaccination had limited efficacy in tumour control as monotherapy. Combining diverse antigens, including neoantigens, tumour-associated antigens (TAAs), and pathogen-derived antigens, and optimizing vaccine design or vaccination strategy may help with clinical efficacy improvement. In this review, we discussed current GBM therapeutic vaccine platforms, evaluated and potential antigenic targets, current challenges, and perspective opportunities for efficacy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Michael Olin
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008 PR China.
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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19
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Al Masri M, Corell A, Michaëlsson I, Jakola AS, Skoglund T. The glymphatic system for neurosurgeons: a scoping review. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:61. [PMID: 38253938 PMCID: PMC10803566 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of the glymphatic system has revolutionized our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and interstitial waste clearance in the brain. This scoping review aims to synthesize the current literature on the glymphatic system's role in neurosurgical conditions and its potential as a therapeutic target. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published between January 1, 2012, and October 31, 2023. Studies were selected based on their relevance to neurosurgical conditions and glymphatic function, with both animal and human studies included. Data extraction focused on the methods for quantifying glymphatic function and the main results. A total of 67 articles were included, covering conditions such as idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), stroke, intracranial tumors, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Significant glymphatic dysregulation was noted in iNPH and IIH, with evidence of impaired CSF dynamics and delayed clearance. SAH studies indicated glymphatic dysfunction with the potential therapeutic effects of nimodipine and tissue plasminogen activator. In stroke, alterations in glymphatic activity correlated with the extent of edema and neurological recovery. TBI studies highlighted the role of the glymphatic system in post-injury cognitive outcomes. Results indicate that the regulation of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels is a critical target for therapeutic intervention. The glymphatic system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of various neurosurgical conditions, influencing brain edema and CSF dynamics. Targeting the regulation of AQP4 channels presents as a significant therapeutic strategy. Although promising, the translation of these findings into clinical practice requires further human studies. Future research should focus on establishing non-invasive biomarkers for glymphatic function and exploring the long-term effects of glymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Masri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alba Corell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isak Michaëlsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir S Jakola
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Skoglund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, 3 tr, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Velikic G, Maric DM, Maric DL, Supic G, Puletic M, Dulic O, Vojvodic D. Harnessing the Stem Cell Niche in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Avenue to Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:993. [PMID: 38256066 PMCID: PMC10816024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine harnesses the body's innate capacity for self-repair to restore malfunctioning tissues and organs. Stem cell therapies represent a key regenerative strategy, but to effectively harness their potential necessitates a nuanced understanding of the stem cell niche. This specialized microenvironment regulates critical stem cell behaviors including quiescence, activation, differentiation, and homing. Emerging research reveals that dysfunction within endogenous neural stem cell niches contributes to neurodegenerative pathologies and impedes regeneration. Strategies such as modifying signaling pathways, or epigenetic interventions to restore niche homeostasis and signaling, hold promise for revitalizing neurogenesis and neural repair in diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Comparative studies of highly regenerative species provide evolutionary clues into niche-mediated renewal mechanisms. Leveraging endogenous bioelectric cues and crosstalk between gut, brain, and vascular niches further illuminates promising therapeutic opportunities. Emerging techniques like single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, microfluidics, artificial intelligence, in silico modeling, and transdifferentiation will continue to unravel niche complexity. By providing a comprehensive synthesis integrating diverse views on niche components, developmental transitions, and dynamics, this review unveils new layers of complexity integral to niche behavior and function, which unveil novel prospects to modulate niche function and provide revolutionary treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Velikic
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr. Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Dusan M. Maric
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr. Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia;
| | - Dusica L. Maric
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Puletic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia;
| | - Oliver Dulic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Aspden JW, Murphy MA, Kashlan RD, Xiong Y, Poznansky MC, Sîrbulescu RF. Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1329823. [PMID: 38269112 PMCID: PMC10806081 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1329823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are immune cells studied predominantly in the context of peripheral humoral immune responses against pathogens. Evidence has been accumulating in recent years on the diversity of immunomodulatory functions that B cells undertake, with particular relevance for pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes current knowledge on B cell populations, localization, infiltration mechanisms, and function in the CNS and associated tissues. Acute and chronic neurodegenerative pathologies are examined in order to explore the complex, and sometimes conflicting, effects that B cells can have in each context, with implications for disease progression and treatment outcomes. Additional factors such as aging modulate the proportions and function of B cell subpopulations over time and are also discussed in the context of neuroinflammatory response and disease susceptibility. A better understanding of the multifactorial role of B cell populations in the CNS may ultimately lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for a variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Aspden
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew A. Murphy
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rommi D. Kashlan
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yueyue Xiong
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruxandra F. Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Tian M, Ma Z, Yang GZ. Micro/nanosystems for controllable drug delivery to the brain. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100548. [PMID: 38161522 PMCID: PMC10757293 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is crucial in the treatment for central nervous system disorders. While significant progress has been made in recent years, there are still major challenges in achieving controllable drug delivery to the brain. Unmet clinical needs arise from various factors, including controlled drug transport, handling large drug doses, methods for crossing biological barriers, the use of imaging guidance, and effective models for analyzing drug delivery. Recent advances in micro/nanosystems have shown promise in addressing some of these challenges. These include the utilization of microfluidic platforms to test and validate the drug delivery process in a controlled and biomimetic setting, the development of novel micro/nanocarriers for large drug loads across the blood-brain barrier, and the implementation of micro-intervention systems for delivering drugs through intraparenchymal or peripheral routes. In this article, we present a review of the latest developments in micro/nanosystems for controllable drug delivery to the brain. We also delve into the relevant diseases, biological barriers, and conventional methods. In addition, we discuss future prospects and the development of emerging robotic micro/nanosystems equipped with directed transportation, real-time image guidance, and closed-loop control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Tian
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Peng T, Xie Y, Liu F, Lian Y, Xie Y, Ma Y, Wang C, Xie N. The cerebral lymphatic drainage system and its implications in epilepsy. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25267. [PMID: 38284855 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system has long been thought to lack a clearance system similar to the peripheral lymphatic system. Therefore, the clearance of metabolic waste in the central nervous system has been a subject of great interest in neuroscience. Recently, the cerebral lymphatic drainage system, including the parenchymal clearance system and the meningeal lymphatic network, has attracted considerable attention. It has been extensively studied in various neurological disorders. Solute accumulation and neuroinflammation after epilepsy impair the blood-brain barrier, affecting the exchange and clearance between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. Restoring their normal function may improve the prognosis of epilepsy. However, few studies have focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the brain clearance system and its significance in epilepsy. Therefore, this review addressed the structural composition, functions, and methods used to assess the cerebral lymphatic system, as well as the neglected association with epilepsy, and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic approaches in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cui Wang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nanchang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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24
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Ocskay Z, Bálint L, Christ C, Kahn ML, Jakus Z. CCBE1 regulates the development and prevents the age-dependent regression of meningeal lymphatics. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116032. [PMID: 38141283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have described the importance of lymphatics in numerous organ-specific physiological and pathological processes. The role of meningeal lymphatics in various neurological and cerebrovascular diseases has been suggested. It has also been shown that these structures develop postnatally and are altered by aging and that the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC)/ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) signaling plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of them. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the development and maintenance of meningeal lymphatics are still poorly characterized. Recent in vitro cell culture-based experiments, and in vivo studies in zebrafish and mouse skin suggest that collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) is involved in the processing of VEGFC. However, the organ-specific role of CCBE1 in developmental lymphangiogenesis and maintenance of lymphatics remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the organ-specific functions of CCBE1 in developmental lymphangiogenesis and maintenance of meningeal lymphatics during aging. We demonstrate that inducible deletion of CCBE1 leads to impaired postnatal development of the meningeal lymphatics and decreased macromolecule drainage to deep cervical lymph nodes. The structural integrity and density of meningeal lymphatics are gradually altered during aging. Furthermore, the meningeal lymphatic structures in adults showed regression after inducible CCBE1 deletion. Collectively, our results indicate the importance of CCBE1-dependent mechanisms not only in the development, but also in the prevention of the age-related regression of meningeal lymphatics. Therefore, targeting CCBE1 may be a good therapeutic strategy to prevent age-related degeneration of meningeal lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Ocskay
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Christ
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Esmail T, Nedergaard M, Beinlich FRM. Protocol to study molecule exchange between venous blood and CSF in live mice using transcranial bioluminescence imaging. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102652. [PMID: 37883226 PMCID: PMC10630673 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In bioluminescence imaging (BLI), the biochemical reaction between a substrate and enzyme triggers light emission upon convergence. Unlike fluorescence imaging, BLI does not require excitation. In this protocol, we utilize the high signal-to-background ratio of the reaction between luciferase and its substrate to study the exchange of molecules between blood and cerebrospinal fluid. We outline steps for skull window thinning, cisterna magna infusion, intravascular retro-orbital injection, and imaging. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Møllgård et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Esmail
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Felix R M Beinlich
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Plá V, Bitsika S, Giannetto MJ, Ladron-de-Guevara A, Gahn-Martinez D, Mori Y, Nedergaard M, Møllgård K. Structural characterization of SLYM-a 4th meningeal membrane. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:93. [PMID: 38098084 PMCID: PMC10722698 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the meninges are described as 3 distinct layers, dura, arachnoid and pia. Yet, the classification of the connective meningeal membranes surrounding the brain is based on postmortem macroscopic examination. Ultrastructural and single cell transcriptome analyses have documented that the 3 meningeal layers can be subdivided into several distinct layers based on cellular characteristics. We here re-examined the existence of a 4th meningeal membrane, Subarachnoid Lymphatic-like Membrane or SLYM in Prox1-eGFP reporter mice. Imaging of freshly resected whole brains showed that SLYM covers the entire brain and brain stem and forms a roof shielding the subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cisterns and the pia-adjacent vasculature. Thus, SLYM is strategically positioned to facilitate periarterial influx of freshly produced CSF and thereby support unidirectional glymphatic CSF transport. Histological analysis showed that, in spinal cord and parts of dorsal cortex, SLYM fused with the arachnoid barrier layer, while in the basal brain stem typically formed a 1-3 cell layered membrane subdividing the subarachnoid space into two compartments. However, great care should be taken when interpreting the organization of the delicate leptomeningeal membranes in tissue sections. We show that hyperosmotic fixatives dehydrate the tissue with the risk of shrinkage and dislocation of these fragile membranes in postmortem preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Plá
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Styliani Bitsika
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Giannetto
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Antonio Ladron-de-Guevara
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Gahn-Martinez
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yuki Mori
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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27
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Xu C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Tang T, Wang J, Xia S, Chen G, Zhang J. Lateralized response of skull bone marrow via osteopontin signaling in mice after ischemia reperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:294. [PMID: 38071333 PMCID: PMC10710724 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skull bone marrow is thought to be an immune tissue closely associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have focused on the role of skull bone marrow in central nervous system disorders. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ipsilateral and contralateral skull bone marrow cells after experimental stroke and then performed flow cytometry and analysis of cytokine expression. Skull marrow showed lateralization in response to stroke. Lateralization is demonstrated primarily by the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid lineage cells in the skull bone marrow adjacent to the ischemic region, with an increased proportion of neutrophils compared to monocytes. Analysis of chemokines in the skull revealed marked differences in chemotactic signals between the ipsilateral and contralateral skull, whereas sympathetic signals innervating the skull did not affect cranial bone marrow lateralization. Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in region-specific activation of the skull marrow that promotes inflammation in the meninges, and inhibition of OPN expression improves neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Melin E, Pripp AH, Eide PK, Ringstad G. In vivo distribution of cerebrospinal fluid tracer in human upper spinal cord and brain stem. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173276. [PMID: 38063195 PMCID: PMC10795833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDIntrathecal injection is an attractive route through which drugs can be administered and directed to the spinal cord, restricted by the blood-spinal cord barrier. However, in vivo data on the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) substances in the human spinal cord are lacking. We conducted this study to assess the enrichment of a CSF tracer in the upper cervical spinal cord and the brain stem.METHODSAfter lumbar intrathecal injection of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, gadobutrol, repeated blood samples and MRI of the upper cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and adjacent subarachnoid spaces (SAS) were obtained through 48 hours. The MRI scans were then analyzed for tracer distribution in the different regions and correlated to age, disease, and amounts of tracer in the blood to determine CSF-to-blood clearance.RESULTSThe study included 26 reference individuals and 35 patients with the dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The tracer enriched all analyzed regions. Moreover, tracer enrichment in parenchyma was associated with tracer enrichment in the adjacent SAS and with CSF-to-blood clearance. Clearance from the CSF was delayed in patients with iNPH compared with younger reference patients.CONCLUSIONA CSF tracer substance administered to the lumbar thecal sac can access the parenchyma of the upper cervical spinal cord and brain stem. Since CSF-to-blood clearance is highly individual and is associated with tracer level in CSF, clearance assessment may be used to tailor intrathecal treatment regimes.FUNDINGSouth-Eastern Norway Regional Health and Østfold Hospital Trust supported the research and publication of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melin
- Department of Radiology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Geir Ringstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal medicine, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
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29
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Pietilä R, Del Gaudio F, He L, Vázquez-Liébanas E, Vanlandewijck M, Muhl L, Mocci G, Bjørnholm KD, Lindblad C, Fletcher-Sandersjöö A, Svensson M, Thelin EP, Liu J, van Voorden AJ, Torres M, Antila S, Xin L, Karlström H, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH, Moggio A, Hansson EM, Ulvmar MH, Nilsson P, Mäkinen T, Andaloussi Mäe M, Alitalo K, Proulx ST, Engelhardt B, McDonald DM, Lendahl U, Andrae J, Betsholtz C. Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges. Neuron 2023; 111:3745-3764.e7. [PMID: 37776854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeninges, consisting of the pia mater and arachnoid, form a connective tissue investment and barrier enclosure of the brain. The exact nature of leptomeningeal cells has long been debated. In this study, we identify five molecularly distinct fibroblast-like transcriptomes in cerebral leptomeninges; link them to anatomically distinct cell types of the pia, inner arachnoid, outer arachnoid barrier, and dural border layer; and contrast them to a sixth fibroblast-like transcriptome present in the choroid plexus and median eminence. Newly identified transcriptional markers enabled molecular characterization of cell types responsible for adherence of arachnoid layers to one another and for the arachnoid barrier. These markers also proved useful in identifying the molecular features of leptomeningeal development, injury, and repair that were preserved or changed after traumatic brain injury. Together, the findings highlight the value of identifying fibroblast transcriptional subsets and their cellular locations toward advancing the understanding of leptomeningeal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Pietilä
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Del Gaudio
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa Vázquez-Liébanas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Mocci
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Katrine D Bjørnholm
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Jantine van Voorden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Torres
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salli Antila
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Li Xin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helena Karlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Hildegard Bergersen
- Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil M Hansson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria H Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
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30
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Hall JG. The importance of age-specific gene expression. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2801-2805. [PMID: 37458230 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith G Hall
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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31
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Poller W, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Landmesser U, Krichevsky AM. Exploration of the Noncoding Genome for Human-Specific Therapeutic Targets-Recent Insights at Molecular and Cellular Level. Cells 2023; 12:2660. [PMID: 37998395 PMCID: PMC10670380 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that 98-99% of the human genome does not encode proteins, but are nevertheless transcriptionally active and give rise to a broad spectrum of noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs] with complex regulatory and structural functions, specific functions have so far been assigned to only a tiny fraction of all known transcripts. On the other hand, the striking observation of an overwhelmingly growing fraction of ncRNAs, in contrast to an only modest increase in the number of protein-coding genes, during evolution from simple organisms to humans, strongly suggests critical but so far essentially unexplored roles of the noncoding genome for human health and disease pathogenesis. Research into the vast realm of the noncoding genome during the past decades thus lead to a profoundly enhanced appreciation of the multi-level complexity of the human genome. Here, we address a few of the many huge remaining knowledge gaps and consider some newly emerging questions and concepts of research. We attempt to provide an up-to-date assessment of recent insights obtained by molecular and cell biological methods, and by the application of systems biology approaches. Specifically, we discuss current data regarding two topics of high current interest: (1) By which mechanisms could evolutionary recent ncRNAs with critical regulatory functions in a broad spectrum of cell types (neural, immune, cardiovascular) constitute novel therapeutic targets in human diseases? (2) Since noncoding genome evolution is causally linked to brain evolution, and given the profound interactions between brain and immune system, could human-specific brain-expressed ncRNAs play a direct or indirect (immune-mediated) role in human diseases? Synergistic with remarkable recent progress regarding delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies, the ongoing large-scale exploration of the noncoding genome for human-specific therapeutic targets is encouraging to proceed with the development and clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic pathways suggested by these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Gene & Cell Therapy Institute, Mass General Brigham, 65 Landsdowne St, Suite 143, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Matrongolo MJ, Ang PS, Wu J, Jain A, Thackray JK, Reddy A, Sung CC, Barbet G, Hong YK, Tischfield MA. Piezo1 agonist restores meningeal lymphatic vessels, drainage, and brain-CSF perfusion in craniosynostosis and aged mice. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e171468. [PMID: 37917195 PMCID: PMC10866656 DOI: 10.1172/jci171468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skull development coincides with the onset of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, brain-CSF perfusion, and meningeal lymphangiogenesis, processes essential for brain waste clearance. How these processes are affected by craniofacial disorders such as craniosynostosis are poorly understood. We report that raised intracranial pressure and diminished CSF flow in craniosynostosis mouse models associate with pathological changes to meningeal lymphatic vessels that affect their sprouting, expansion, and long-term maintenance. We also show that craniosynostosis affects CSF circulatory pathways and perfusion into the brain. Further, craniosynostosis exacerbates amyloid pathology and plaque buildup in Twist1+/-:5xFAD transgenic Alzheimer's disease models. Treating craniosynostosis mice with Yoda1, a small molecule agonist for Piezo1, reduces intracranial pressure and improves CSF flow, in addition to restoring meningeal lymphangiogenesis, drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes, and brain-CSF perfusion. Leveraging these findings, we show that Yoda1 treatments in aged mice with reduced CSF flow and turnover improve lymphatic networks, drainage, and brain-CSF perfusion. Our results suggest that CSF provides mechanical force to facilitate meningeal lymphatic growth and maintenance. Additionally, applying Yoda1 agonist in conditions with raised intracranial pressure and/or diminished CSF flow, as seen in craniosynostosis or with ageing, is a possible therapeutic option to help restore meningeal lymphatic networks and brain-CSF perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J. Matrongolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Phillip S. Ang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Junbing Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aditya Jain
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joshua K. Thackray
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Akash Reddy
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chi Chang Sung
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Gaëtan Barbet
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Plá V, Bitsika S, Giannetto M, Ladron-de-Guevara A, Gahn-Martinez D, Mori Y, Nedergaard M, Møllgård K. Structural characterization of SLYM - a 4th meningeal membrane. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3500436. [PMID: 37961391 PMCID: PMC10635397 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3500436/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the meninges are described as 3 distinct layers, dura, arachnoid and pia. Yet, the classification of the connective meningeal membranes surrounding the brain is based on postmortem macroscopic examination. Ultrastructural and single cell transcriptome analyses have documented that the 3 meningeal layers can be subdivided into several distinct layers based on cellular characteristics. We here re-examined the existence of a 4th meningeal membrane, Subarachnoid Lymphatic-like Membrane or SLYM in Prox1-eGFP reporter mice. Imaging of freshly resected whole brains showed that SLYM covers the entire brain and brain stem and forms a roof shielding the subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cisterns and the pia-adjacent vasculature. Thus, SLYM is strategically positioned to facilitate periarterial influx of freshly produced CSF and thereby support unidirectional glymphatic CSF transport. Histological analysis showed that, in spinal cord and parts of dorsal cortex, SLYM fused with the arachnoid barrier layer, while in the basal brain stem typically formed a 1-3 cell layered membrane subdividing the subarachnoid space into two compartments. However, great care should be taken when interpreting the organization of the delicate leptomeningeal membranes in tissue sections. We show that hyperosmotic fixatives dehydrate the tissue with the risk of shrinkage and dislocation of these fragile membranes in postmortem preparations.
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34
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Plá V, Bitsika S, Giannetto M, Ladron-de-Guevara A, Gahn-Martinez D, Mori Y, Nedergaard M, Møllgård K. Structural characterization of SLYM - a 4 th meningeal membrane. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563351. [PMID: 37961461 PMCID: PMC10634706 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the meninges are described as 3 distinct layers, dura, arachnoid and pia. Yet, the classification of the connective meningeal membranes surrounding the brain is based on postmortem macroscopic examination. Ultrastructural and single cell transcriptome analyses have documented that the 3 meningeal layers can be subdivided into several distinct layers based on cellular characteristics. We here re-examined the existence of a 4 th meningeal membrane, S ubarachnoid Ly mphatic-like M embrane or SLYM in Prox1-eGFP reporter mice. Imaging of freshly resected whole brains showed that SLYM covers the entire brain and brain stem and forms a roof shielding the subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cisterns and the pia-adjacent vasculature. Thus, SLYM is strategically positioned to facilitate periarterial influx of freshly produced CSF and thereby support unidirectional glymphatic CSF transport. Histological analysis showed that, in spinal cord and parts of dorsal cortex, SLYM fused with the arachnoid barrier layer, while in the basal brain stem typically formed a 1-3 cell layered membrane subdividing the subarachnoid space into two compartments. However, great care should be taken when interpreting the organization of the delicate leptomeningeal membranes in tissue sections. We show that hyperosmotic fixatives dehydrate the tissue with the risk of shrinkage and dislocation of these fragile membranes in postmortem preparations.
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Pescatori L, Taurone S, Ciccarelli A, Palmieri M, Serraino A, Artico M, Fornai F, Longhitano Y, Zanza C, Tesauro M, Savioli G, Miglietta S, Ciappetta P. Petroclival Clinoidal Folds and Arachnoidal Membranes of the Anteromedial Incisural Space: Clinical Anatomy for Neuro Critical Care. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3203. [PMID: 37892024 PMCID: PMC10605941 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic and narrative literature review was performed, focusing attention on the anatomy of the area located at the junction of the sphenoid and the basal portion of the temporal bone (petrous bone, petrous apex, upper petro-clival region) encircled by the free edge of the tentorium, the insertion of the tentorium itself to the petrous apex and the anterior and posterior clinoid processes that give rise to three distinct dural folds or ligaments: the anterior petroclinoid ligament, the posterior petroclinoid ligament and the interclinoid ligament. These dural folds constitute the posterior portion of the roof of the cavernous sinus denominated "the oculomotor triangle". The main purpose of this review study was to describe this anatomical region, particularly in the light of the relationships between the anterior margin of the free edge of the tentorium and the above-mentioned components of the sphenoid and petrous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pescatori
- Department of Neurosurgery, S. Eugenio Hospital of Rome, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Ciccarelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Palmieri
- Human Neurosciences Department, A.U.O. “Policlinico Umberto I” Neurosurgery Division, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Serraino
- Human Neurosciences Department, A.U.O. “Policlinico Umberto I” Neurosurgery Division, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy;
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Humanitas University Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Geriatric Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Post Graduate School of Geriatric Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Li B, Li J, Fan Y, Zhao Z, Li L, Okano H, Ouchi T. Dissecting calvarial bones and sutures at single-cell resolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1749-1767. [PMID: 37171117 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cranial bones constitute a protective shield for the vulnerable brain tissue, bound together as a rigid entity by unique immovable joints known as sutures. Cranial sutures serve as major growth centres for calvarial morphogenesis and have been identified as a niche for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the craniofacial skeleton. Despite the established dogma of cranial bone and suture biology, technological advancements now allow us to investigate these tissues and structures at unprecedented resolution and embrace multiple novel biological insights. For instance, a decrease or imbalance of representation of SSCs within sutures might underlie craniosynostosis; dural sinuses enable neuroimmune crosstalk and are newly defined as immune hubs; skull bone marrow acts as a myeloid cell reservoir for the meninges and central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in mediating immune surveillance, etc. In this review, we revisit a growing body of recent studies that explored cranial bone and suture biology using cutting-edge techniques and have expanded our current understanding of this research field, especially from the perspective of development, homeostasis, injury repair, resident MSCs/SSCs, immunosurveillance at the brain's border, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 3510198, Japan
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1010061, Japan
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Matrongolo MJ, Ang PS, Wu J, Jain A, Thackray JK, Reddy A, Sung CC, Barbet G, Hong YK, Tischfield MA. Piezo1 agonist restores meningeal lymphatic vessels, drainage, and brain-CSF perfusion in craniosynostosis and aged mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559761. [PMID: 37808775 PMCID: PMC10557676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Skull development coincides with the onset of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, brain-CSF perfusion, and meningeal lymphangiogenesis, processes essential for brain waste clearance. How these processes are affected by craniofacial disorders such as craniosynostosis are poorly understood. We report that raised intracranial pressure and diminished CSF flow in craniosynostosis mouse models associates with pathological changes to meningeal lymphatic vessels that affect their sprouting, expansion, and long-term maintenance. We also show that craniosynostosis affects CSF circulatory pathways and perfusion into the brain. Further, craniosynostosis exacerbates amyloid pathology and plaque buildup in Twist1 +/- :5xFAD transgenic Alzheimer's disease models. Treating craniosynostosis mice with Yoda1, a small molecule agonist for Piezo1, reduces intracranial pressure and improves CSF flow, in addition to restoring meningeal lymphangiogenesis, drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes, and brain-CSF perfusion. Leveraging these findings, we show Yoda1 treatments in aged mice with reduced CSF flow and turnover improve lymphatic networks, drainage, and brain-CSF perfusion. Our results suggest CSF provides mechanical force to facilitate meningeal lymphatic growth and maintenance. Additionally, applying Yoda1 agonist in conditions with raised intracranial pressure and/or diminished CSF flow, as seen in craniosynostosis or with ageing, is a possible therapeutic option to help restore meningeal lymphatic networks and brain-CSF perfusion.
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Mapunda JA, Pareja J, Vladymyrov M, Bouillet E, Hélie P, Pleskač P, Barcos S, Andrae J, Vestweber D, McDonald DM, Betsholtz C, Deutsch U, Proulx ST, Engelhardt B. VE-cadherin in arachnoid and pia mater cells serves as a suitable landmark for in vivo imaging of CNS immune surveillance and inflammation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5837. [PMID: 37730744 PMCID: PMC10511632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meninges cover the surface of the brain and spinal cord and contribute to protection and immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS). How the meningeal layers establish CNS compartments with different accessibility to immune cells and immune mediators is, however, not well understood. Here, using 2-photon imaging in female transgenic reporter mice, we describe VE-cadherin at intercellular junctions of arachnoid and pia mater cells that form the leptomeninges and border the subarachnoid space (SAS) filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). VE-cadherin expression also marked a layer of Prox1+ cells located within the arachnoid beneath and separate from E-cadherin+ arachnoid barrier cells. In vivo imaging of the spinal cord and brain in female VE-cadherin-GFP reporter mice allowed for direct observation of accessibility of CSF derived tracers and T cells into the SAS bordered by the arachnoid and pia mater during health and neuroinflammation, and detection of volume changes of the SAS during CNS pathology. Together, the findings identified VE-cadherin as an informative landmark for in vivo imaging of the leptomeninges that can be used to visualize the borders of the SAS and thus potential barrier properties of the leptomeninges in controlling access of immune mediators and immune cells into the CNS during health and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Pareja
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisa Bouillet
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Hélie
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petr Pleskač
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Barcos
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine-Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Campus Flemingsberg, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stabile AM, Pistilli A, Mariangela R, Rende M, Bartolini D, Di Sante G. New Challenges for Anatomists in the Era of Omics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2963. [PMID: 37761332 PMCID: PMC10529314 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomic studies have traditionally relied on macroscopic, microscopic, and histological techniques to investigate the structure of tissues and organs. Anatomic studies are essential in many fields, including medicine, biology, and veterinary science. Advances in technology, such as imaging techniques and molecular biology, continue to provide new insights into the anatomy of living organisms. Therefore, anatomy remains an active and important area in the scientific field. The consolidation in recent years of some omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allows for a more complete and detailed understanding of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs. These have been joined more recently by "omics" such as radiomics, pathomics, and connectomics, supported by computer-assisted technologies such as neural networks, 3D bioprinting, and artificial intelligence. All these new tools, although some are still in the early stages of development, have the potential to strongly contribute to the macroscopic and microscopic characterization in medicine. For anatomists, it is time to hitch a ride and get on board omics technologies to sail to new frontiers and to explore novel scenarios in anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Ruggirello Mariangela
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (M.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 60132 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (M.R.)
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Nazeri A, Dehkharghanian T, Lindsay KE, LaMontagne P, Shimony JS, Benzinger TL, Sotiras A. The Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation in the Human Brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.13.553149. [PMID: 37645835 PMCID: PMC10462043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.13.553149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and clearance, and impairments in its flow can lead to various brain disorders. Recent studies have shown that CSF circulation can be interrogated using low b-value diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (low-b dMRI). Nevertheless, the spatial organization of intracranial CSF flow dynamics remains largely elusive. Here, we developed a whole-brain voxel-based analysis framework, termed CSF pseudo-diffusion spatial statistics (C Ψ SS ), to examine CSF mean pseudo-diffusivity (M Ψ ), a measure of CSF flow magnitude derived from low-b dMRI. We showed that intracranial CSF M Ψ demonstrates characteristic covariance patterns by employing seed-based correlation analysis. Importantly, we applied non-negative matrix factorization analysis to further elucidate the covariance patterns of CSF M Ψ in a hypothesis-free, data-driven way. We identified distinct CSF spaces that consistently displayed unique pseudo-diffusion characteristics across multiple imaging datasets. Our study revealed that age, sex, brain atrophy, ventricular anatomy, and cerebral perfusion differentially influence M Ψ across these CSF spaces. Notably, individuals with anomalous CSF flow patterns displayed incidental findings on multimodal neuroradiological examinations. Our work sets forth a new paradigm to study CSF flow, with potential applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nazeri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kevin E. Lindsay
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela LaMontagne
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute of Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Rego S, Sanchez G, Da Mesquita S. Current views on meningeal lymphatics and immunity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37580702 PMCID: PMC10424377 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related form of dementia associated with the accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. These phenomena are accompanied by exacerbated inflammation and marked neuronal loss, which altogether contribute to accelerated cognitive decline. The multifactorial nature of AD, allied to our still limited knowledge of its etiology and pathophysiology, have lessened our capacity to develop effective treatments for AD patients. Over the last few decades, genome wide association studies and biomarker development, alongside mechanistic experiments involving animal models, have identified different immune components that play key roles in the modulation of brain pathology in AD, affecting its progression and severity. As we will relay in this review, much of the recent efforts have been directed to better understanding the role of brain innate immunity, and particularly of microglia. However, and despite the lack of diversity within brain resident immune cells, the brain border tissues, especially the meninges, harbour a considerable number of different types and subtypes of adaptive and innate immune cells. Alongside microglia, which have taken the centre stage as important players in AD research, there is new and exciting evidence pointing to adaptive immune cells, namely T and B cells found in the brain and its meninges, as important modulators of neuroinflammation and neuronal (dys)function in AD. Importantly, a genuine and functional lymphatic vascular network is present around the brain in the outermost meningeal layer, the dura. The meningeal lymphatics are directly connected to the peripheral lymphatic system in different mammalian species, including humans, and play a crucial role in preserving a "healthy" immune surveillance of the CNS, by shaping immune responses, not only locally at the meninges, but also at the level of the brain tissue. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive view on our current knowledge about the meningeal lymphatic vasculature, emphasizing its described roles in modulating CNS fluid and macromolecule drainage, meningeal and brain immunity, as well as glial and neuronal function in aging and in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Rego
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Sarker A, Suh M, Choi Y, Park JY, Lee YS, Lee DS. Intrathecal [ 64Cu]Cu-albumin PET reveals age-related decline of lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12930. [PMID: 37558700 PMCID: PMC10412645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is associated with dysfunctional lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through meningeal lymphatic vessels. In this study, intrathecal [64Cu]Cu-albumin positron emission tomography (PET) was applied in mice to evaluate lymphatic drainage of CSF and its variation with age. [64Cu]Cu-albumin PET was performed at multiple time points after intrathecal injection of [64Cu]Cu-albumin at an infusion rate of 700 nl/min in adult and aged mice (15-25 months old). CSF clearance and paravertebral lymph nodes were quantified after injection and during the stationary phase. Stationary phase of the next day followed the initial perturbed state by injection of 6 ul (1/7 of total CSF volume) and CSF clearance half-time from the subarachnoid space was 93.4 ± 19.7 and 123.3 ± 15.6 min in adult and aged mice (p = 0.01), respectively. While the % injected dose of CSF space were higher, the activity of the paravertebral lymph nodes were lower in the aged mice on the next day. [64Cu]Cu-albumin PET enabled us to quantify CSF-lymphatic drainage across all levels of brain spinal cords and to visualize and quantify lymph node activity due to CSF drainage. [64Cu]Cu-albumin PET revealed the age-related decrease of the lymphatic drainage of CSF due to this decreased drainage from the subarachnoid space, especially during the stationary phase, in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmal Sarker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseok Suh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoori Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.
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Abbaoui A, Fatoba O, Yamashita T. Meningeal T cells function in the central nervous system homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1181071. [PMID: 37608988 PMCID: PMC10440440 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1181071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a rising interest is given to neuroimmune communication in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Meningeal immunity is a complex immune environment housing different types of immune cells. Here, we focus on meningeal T cells, possibly the most explored aspect of neuro-immune cell interactions. Emerging data have shown that meningeal T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. This review highlights how meningeal T cells may contribute to immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulate neurobehavioral functions through the secretion of cytokines. Overall, this review assesses the recent knowledge of meningeal T cells and their effects on CNS functioning in both health and disease conditions and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oluwaseun Fatoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Taketomi T, Tsuruta F. Towards an Understanding of Microglia and Border-Associated Macrophages. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1091. [PMID: 37626977 PMCID: PMC10452120 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) plays a crucial role in regulating bodily functions by sensing and integrating environmental cues and maintaining proper physiological conditions. Recent research has revealed that CNS functions are closely coordinated with the immune system. As even minor disturbances of the immune system in the CNS can lead to various dysfunctions, diseases, or even death, it is highly specialized and segregated from that in peripheral regions. Microglia in the parenchyma and macrophages at the interface between the CNS and peripheral regions are essential immune cells in the CNS that monitor environmental changes. Recent omics analyses have revealed that these cells exhibit highly heterogeneous populations. In this review, we summarize the functions and diversity of microglia in the brain parenchyma and those of macrophages in the border regions, such as the meninges, perivascular spaces, and choroid plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Taketomi
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Fuminori Tsuruta
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
- Master’s and Doctoral Programs in Biology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- PhD Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Master’s and Doctoral Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Kurokawa R, Kurokawa M, Isshiki S, Harada T, Nakaya M, Baba A, Naganawa S, Kim J, Bapuraj J, Srinivasan A, Abe O, Moritani T. Dural and Leptomeningeal Diseases: Anatomy, Causes, and Neuroimaging Findings. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230039. [PMID: 37535461 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Meningeal lesions can be caused by various conditions and pose diagnostic challenges. The authors review the anatomy of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord to provide a better understanding of the localization and extension of these diseases and summarize the clinical and imaging features of various conditions that cause dural and/or leptomeningeal enhancing lesions. These conditions include infectious meningitis (bacterial, tuberculous, viral, and fungal), autoimmune diseases (vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, autoimmune meningoencephalitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, neuro-Behçet syndrome, Susac syndrome, and sarcoidosis), primary and secondary tumors (meningioma, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor, melanocytic tumors, and lymphoma), tumorlike diseases (histiocytosis and immunoglobulin G4-related diseases), medication-induced diseases (immune-related adverse effects and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), and other conditions (spontaneous intracranial hypotension, amyloidosis, and moyamoya disease). Although meningeal lesions may manifest with nonspecific imaging findings, correct diagnosis is important because the treatment strategy varies among these diseases. ©RSNA, 2023 Online supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurokawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Mariko Kurokawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Saiko Isshiki
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Taisuke Harada
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Moto Nakaya
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Akira Baba
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Shotaro Naganawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - John Kim
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Jayapalli Bapuraj
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Osamu Abe
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
| | - Toshio Moritani
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (R.K., M.K., A.B., S.N., J.K., J.B., A.S., T.M.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (R.K., M.K., M.N., S.N., O.A.); Department of Radiology, Niizashiki Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (T.H.)
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46
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Kim D, Gan Y, Nedergaard M, Kelley DH, Tithof J. Image Analysis Techniques for In Vivo Quantification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549937. [PMID: 37546970 PMCID: PMC10401935 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a tremendously increased interest in understanding the neurophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which plays a crucial role in clearing metabolic waste from the brain. This growing interest was largely initiated by two significant discoveries: the glymphatic system (a pathway for solute exchange between interstitial fluid deep within the brain and the CSF surrounding the brain) and meningeal lymphatic vessels (lymphatic vessels in the layer of tissue surrounding the brain that drain CSF). These two CSF systems work in unison, and their disruption has been implicated in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, stoke, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we present experimental techniques for in vivo quantification of CSF flow via direct imaging of fluorescent microspheres injected into the CSF. We discuss detailed image processing methods, including registration and masking of stagnant particles, to improve the quality of measurements. We provide guidance for quantifying CSF flow through particle tracking and offer tips for optimizing the process. Additionally, we describe techniques for measuring changes in arterial diameter, which is an hypothesized CSF pumping mechanism. Finally, we outline how these same techniques can be applied to cervical lymphatic vessels, which collect fluid downstream from meningeal lymphatic vessels. We anticipate that these fluid mechanical techniques will prove valuable for future quantitative studies aimed at understanding mechanisms of CSF transport and disruption, as well as for other complex biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Yiming Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Hopeman Engineering Bldg, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Douglas H. Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Hopeman Engineering Bldg, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
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47
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Shireman JM, Gonugunta N, Zhao L, Pattnaik A, Distler E, Her S, Wang X, Das R, Galipeau J, Dey M. GM-CSF and IL-7 fusion cytokine engineered tumor vaccine generates long-term Th-17 memory cells and increases overall survival in aged syngeneic mouse models of glioblastoma. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13864. [PMID: 37165998 PMCID: PMC10352573 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related immune dysfunctions, such as decreased T-cell output, are closely related to pathologies like cancers and lack of vaccine efficacy among the elderly. Engineered fusokine, GIFT-7, a fusion of interleukin 7 (IL-7) and GM-CSF, can reverse aging-related lymphoid organ atrophy. We generated a GIFT-7 fusokine tumor vaccine and employed it in aged syngeneic mouse models of glioblastoma and found that peripheral vaccination with GIFT-7TVax resulted in thymic regeneration and generated durable long-term antitumor immunity specifically in aged mice. Global cytokine analysis showed increased pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β in the vaccinated group that resulted in hyperactivation of dendritic cells. In addition, GIFT-7 vaccination resulted in increased T-cell trafficking to the brain and robust Th-17 long-term effector memory T-cell formation. TCR-seq analysis showed increased productive frequency among detected rearrangements within the vaccinated group. Overall, our data demonstrate that aging immune system can be therapeutically augmented to generate lasting antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Shireman
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Nikita Gonugunta
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Akshita Pattnaik
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Emily Distler
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Skyler Her
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jaques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center,MadisonWisconsinUSA
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48
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Rømer TB, Benros ME. The discovery of a fourth meninges: Potential implications for brain disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:1-3. [PMID: 36990296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Troels Boldt Rømer
- Copenhagen Research Center for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Eriksen Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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49
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Mathiesen BK, Miyakoshi LM, Cederroth CR, Tserga E, Versteegh C, Bork PAR, Hauglund NL, Gomolka RS, Mori Y, Edvall NK, Rouse S, Møllgård K, Holt JR, Nedergaard M, Canlon B. Delivery of gene therapy through a cerebrospinal fluid conduit to rescue hearing in adult mice. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq3916. [PMID: 37379370 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Inner ear gene therapy has recently effectively restored hearing in neonatal mice, but it is complicated in adulthood by the structural inaccessibility of the cochlea, which is embedded within the temporal bone. Alternative delivery routes may advance auditory research and also prove useful when translated to humans with progressive genetic-mediated hearing loss. Cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic system is emerging as a new approach for brain-wide drug delivery in rodents as well as humans. The cerebrospinal fluid and the fluid of the inner ear are connected via a bony channel called the cochlear aqueduct, but previous studies have not explored the possibility of delivering gene therapy via the cerebrospinal fluid to restore hearing in adult deaf mice. Here, we showed that the cochlear aqueduct in mice exhibits lymphatic-like characteristics. In vivo time-lapse magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and optical fluorescence microscopy showed that large-particle tracers injected into the cerebrospinal fluid reached the inner ear by dispersive transport via the cochlear aqueduct in adult mice. A single intracisternal injection of adeno-associated virus carrying solute carrier family 17, member 8 (Slc17A8), which encodes vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3), rescued hearing in adult deaf Slc17A8-/- mice by restoring VGLUT3 protein expression in inner hair cells, with minimal ectopic expression in the brain and none in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid transport comprises an accessible route for gene delivery to the adult inner ear and may represent an important step toward using gene therapy to restore hearing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Mathiesen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Leo M Miyakoshi
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Christopher R Cederroth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Hearing Research, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evangelia Tserga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Corstiaen Versteegh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A R Bork
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Natalie L Hauglund
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ryszard Stefan Gomolka
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Niklas K Edvall
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Rouse
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Barbara Canlon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Hartmann K, Neyazi B, Stein KP, Haghikia A, Sandalcioglu IE. Is the central nervous system enclosed by a mesothel? Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231180335. [PMID: 37434877 PMCID: PMC10331068 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231180335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belal Neyazi
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Klaus-Peter Stein
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - I. Erol Sandalcioglu
- Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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