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Donadeu L, Jouve T, Bin S, Hartzell S, Crespo E, Torija A, Jarque M, Kervella D, Zúñiga J, Zhang W, Sun Z, Verlato A, Martínez-Gallo M, Font-Miñarro C, Meneghini M, Toapanta N, Torres IB, Sellarés J, Perelló M, Kaminski H, Couzi L, Loupy A, La Manna G, Moreso F, Cravedi P, Bestard O. High-dimensional mass cytometry identified circulating natural killer T-cell subsets associated with protection from cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2024; 106:482-495. [PMID: 38685562 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with poor kidney transplant outcomes. While innate and adaptive immune cells have been implicated in its prevention, an in-depth characterization of the in vivo kinetics of multiple cell subsets and their role in protecting against CMV infection has not been achieved. Here, we performed high-dimensional immune phenotyping by mass cytometry, and functional assays, on 112 serially collected samples from CMV seropositive kidney transplant recipients. Advanced unsupervised deep learning analysis was used to assess immune cell populations that significantly correlated with prevention against CMV infection and anti-viral immune function. Prior to infection, kidney transplant recipients who developed CMV infection showed significantly lower CMV-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) frequencies than those that did not. A broad diversity of circulating cell subsets within innate and adaptive immune compartments were associated with CMV infection or protective CMV-specific CMI. While percentages of CMV (tetramer-stained)-specific T cells associated with high CMI responses and clinical protection, circulating CD3+CD8midCD56+ NK-T cells overall strongly associated with low CMI and subsequent infection. However, three NK-T cell subsets sharing the CD11b surface marker associated with CMV protection and correlated with strong anti-viral CMI frequencies in vitro. These data were validated in two external independent cohorts of kidney transplant recipients. Thus, we newly describe the kinetics of a novel NK-T cell subset that may have a protective role in post-transplantation CMV infection. Our findings pave the way to more mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the function of these cells in protection against CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Donadeu
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Jouve
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Inserm 1209, Centre national de la recherche scientifique 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sofia Bin
- Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susan Hartzell
- Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Crespo
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Torija
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Jarque
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delphine Kervella
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alberto Verlato
- Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Immunology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Font-Miñarro
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Meneghini
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nestor Toapanta
- Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irina B Torres
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Sellarés
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Perelló
- Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannah Kaminski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164-ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164-ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Loupy
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S970, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesc Moreso
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Translational Transplant Research Center (TTRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Oriol Bestard
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Transplantation, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron for Solid Organ Transplantation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Kidney Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lupo KB, Panjwani MK, Shahid S, Sottile R, Lawry C, Kolk G, Kontopolous T, Daniyan AF, Chandran SS, Klebanoff CA, Hsu KC. Engineered NKG2C + NK-like T cells exhibit superior antitumor efficacy while mitigating cytokine release syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.16.603785. [PMID: 39211122 PMCID: PMC11360970 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Engineered T and NK cell therapies have widely been used to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, with promising clinical results. Current chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutics have, however, been associated with treatment-related adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and are prone to immunologic exhaustion. CAR-NK therapeutics, while not associated with CRS, have limited in vivo persistence. We now demonstrate that an NK-like TCRαβ + CD8 T cell subset, identified and expanded ex vivo through its expression of the activating receptor NKG2C (NKG2C + NK-like T cells), can be transduced to express a second-generation CD19 CAR (1928z), resulting in superior tumor clearance, longer persistence and decreased exhaustion compared to conventional 1928z CAR + CD8 T cells and 1928z CAR+ NK cells. Moreover, CAR-modified NKG2C + NK-like T cells resulted in significantly reduced CRS compared to conventional CAR + CD8 T cells. Similarly, NKG2C + NK-like T cells engineered with a TCR targeting the NY-ESO-1 antigen exhibit robust tumor control and minimal exhaustion compared to TCR-engineered conventional CD8 T cells. These data establish NKG2C + NK-like T cells as a robust platform for cell engineering, and offer a safer, more durable alternative to conventional CAR-T and CAR-NK therapies.
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Wang C, Feng Q, Shi S, Qin Y, Lu H, Zhang P, Liu J, Chen B. The Rational Engineered Bacteria Based Biohybrid Living System for Tumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401538. [PMID: 39051784 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Living therapy based on bacterial cells has gained increasing attention for their applications in tumor treatments. Bacterial cells can naturally target to tumor sites and active the innate immunological responses. The intrinsic advantages of bacteria attribute to the development of biohybrid living carriers for targeting delivery toward hypoxic environments. The rationally engineered bacterial cells integrate various functions to enhance the tumor therapy and reduce toxic side effects. In this review, the antitumor effects of bacteria and their application are discussed as living therapeutic agents across multiple antitumor platforms. The various kinds of bacteria used for cancer therapy are first introduced and demonstrated the mechanism of antitumor effects as well as the immunological effects. Additionally, this study focused on the genetically modified bacteria for the production of antitumor agents as living delivery system to treat cancer. The combination of living bacterial cells with functional nanomaterials is then discussed in the cancer treatments. In brief, the rational design of living therapy based on bacterial cells highlighted a rapid development in tumor therapy and pointed out the potentials in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiliner Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Si Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yuxuan Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Hongli Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Baizhu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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Jauro S, Larson EC, Gleim JL, Wahlberg BM, Rodgers MA, Chehab JC, Lopez-Velazques AE, Ameel CL, Tomko JA, Sakal JL, DeMarco T, Borish HJ, Maiello P, Potter EL, Roederer M, Lin PL, Flynn JL, Scanga CA. Intravenous BCG induces a more potent airway and lung immune response than intradermal BCG in SIV-infected macaques 1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603921. [PMID: 39091805 PMCID: PMC11291007 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates Mtb infection outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine, is effective in infants, but its efficacy in adolescents and adults is limited. Here, we investigated the immune responses elicited by BCG administered via intravenous (IV) or intradermal (ID) routes in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) without the confounding effects of Mtb challenge. We assessed the impact of vaccination on T cell responses in the airway, blood, and tissues (lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and spleen), as well as the expression of cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and key transcription factors. Our results showed that IV BCG induces a robust and sustained immune response, including tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells in lungs, polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8αβ+ T cells expressing multiple cytokines, and CD8αβ+ T cells and NK cells expressing cytotoxic effectors in airways. We also detected higher levels of mycobacteria-specific IgG and IgM in the airways of IV BCG-vaccinated MCM. Although IV BCG vaccination resulted in an influx of T RM cells in lungs of MCM with controlled SIV replication, MCM with high plasma SIV RNA (>10 5 copies/mL) typically displayed reduced T cell responses, suggesting that uncontrolled SIV or HIV replication would have a detrimental effect on IV BCG-induced protection against Mtb.
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Fowler EA, Farias Amorim C, Mostacada K, Yan A, Amorim Sacramento L, Stanco RA, Hales ED, Varkey A, Zong W, Wu GD, de Oliveira CI, Collins PL, Novais FO. Neutrophil-mediated hypoxia drives pathogenic CD8+ T cell responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177992. [PMID: 38833303 PMCID: PMC11245163 DOI: 10.1172/jci177992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania parasites exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations. Although parasites influence disease severity, cytolytic CD8+ T cell responses mediate disease. Although these responses originate in the lymph node, we found that expression of the cytolytic effector molecule granzyme B was restricted to lesional CD8+ T cells in Leishmania-infected mice, suggesting that local cues within inflamed skin induced cytolytic function. Expression of Blimp-1 (Prdm1), a transcription factor necessary for cytolytic CD8+ T cell differentiation, was driven by hypoxia within the inflamed skin. Hypoxia was further enhanced by the recruitment of neutrophils that consumed oxygen to produce ROS and ultimately increased the hypoxic state and granzyme B expression in CD8+ T cells. Importantly, lesions from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibited hypoxia transcription signatures that correlated with the presence of neutrophils. Thus, targeting hypoxia-driven signals that support local differentiation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells may improve the prognosis for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as for other inflammatory skin diseases in which cytolytic CD8+ T cells contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Fowler
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Klauss Mostacada
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Yan
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Rae A. Stanco
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily D.S. Hales
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aditi Varkey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wenjing Zong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Camila I. de Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrick L. Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fernanda O. Novais
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lee H, Park SH, Shin EC. IL-15 in T-Cell Responses and Immunopathogenesis. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e11. [PMID: 38455459 PMCID: PMC10917573 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-15 belongs to the common gamma chain cytokine family and has pleiotropic immunological functions. IL-15 is a homeostatic cytokine essential for the development and maintenance of NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells. In addition, IL-15 plays a critical role in the activation, effector functions, tissue residency, and senescence of CD8+ T cells. IL-15 also activates virtual memory T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells. Recently, IL-15 has been highlighted as a major trigger of TCR-independent activation of T cells. This mechanism is involved in T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis in diverse diseases, including viral infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. Deeper understanding of IL-15-mediated T-cell responses and their underlying mechanisms could optimize therapeutic strategies to ameliorate host injury by T cell-mediated immunopathogenesis. This review highlights recent advancements in comprehending the role of IL-15 in relation to T cell responses and immunopathogenesis under various host conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Lee
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Schurr E, Dallmann-Sauer M, Fava V, Malherbe S, McDonald C, Orlova M, Kroon E, Cobat A, Boisson-Dupuis S, Hoal E, Abel L, Möller M, Casanova JL, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Mycobacterium tuberculosis resisters despite HIV exhibit activated T cells and macrophages in their pulmonary alveoli. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3889020. [PMID: 38352496 PMCID: PMC10863035 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3889020/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To understand natural resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection, we studied people living with HIV (PLWH) in an area of high Mtb transmission. Given that alveolar leukocytes may contribute to this resistance, we performed single cell RNA-sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, unstimulated or ex vivo stimulated with Mtb . We obtained high quality cells for 7 participants who were TST & IGRA positive (called LTBI) and 6 who were persistently TST & IGRA negative (called resisters). Alveolar macrophages (AM) from resisters displayed more of an M1 phenotype relative to LTBI AM at baseline. Alveolar lymphocytosis (10%-60%) was exhibited by 5/6 resisters, resulting in higher numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + IFNG -expressing cells at baseline and upon Mtb challenge than LTBI samples. Mycobactericidal granulysin was expressed almost exclusively by a cluster of CD8 + T cells that co-expressed granzyme B, perforin and NK cell receptors. For resisters, these poly-cytotoxic T cells over-represented activating NK cell receptors and were present at 15-fold higher numbers in alveoli compared to LTBI. Altogether, our results showed that alveolar lymphocytosis, with increased numbers of alveolar IFNG -expressing cells and CD8 + poly-cytotoxic T cells, as well as activated AM were strongly associated with protection from persistent Mtb infection in PLWH.
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Silva BJDA, Krogstad PA, Teles RMB, Andrade PR, Rajfer J, Ferrini MG, Yang OO, Bloom BR, Modlin RL. IFN-γ-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2 infection through nitric oxide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284148. [PMID: 38162653 PMCID: PMC10755032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to identify mechanisms of antiviral host defense against SARS-CoV-2. One such mediator is interferon-g (IFN-γ), which, when administered to infected patients, is reported to result in viral clearance and resolution of pulmonary symptoms. IFN-γ treatment of a human lung epithelial cell line triggered an antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, yet the mechanism for this antiviral response was not identified. Methods Given that IFN-γ has been shown to trigger antiviral activity via the generation of nitric oxide (NO), we investigated whether IFN-γ induction of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent upon the generation of NO in human pulmonary epithelial cells. We treated the simian epithelial cell line Vero E6 and human pulmonary epithelial cell lines, including A549-ACE2, and Calu-3, with IFN-γ and observed the resulting induction of NO and its effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Pharmacological inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was employed to assess the dependency on NO production. Additionally, the study examined the effect of interleukin-1b (IL-1β) on the IFN-g-induced NO production and its antiviral efficacy. Results Treatment of Vero E6 cells with IFN-γ resulted in a dose-responsive induction of NO and an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication. This antiviral activity was blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of iNOS. IFN-γ also triggered a NO-mediated antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2 infected human lung epithelial cell lines A549-ACE2 and Calu-3. IL-1β enhanced IFN-γ induction of NO, but it had little effect on antiviral activity. Discussion Given that IFN-g has been shown to be produced by CD8+ T cells in the early response to SARS-CoV-2, our findings in human lung epithelial cell lines, of an IFN-γ-triggered, NO-dependent, links the adaptive immune response to an innate antiviral pathway in host defense against SARS-CoV-2. These results underscore the importance of IFN-γ and NO in the antiviral response and provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul A. Krogstad
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rosane M. B. Teles
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Priscila R. Andrade
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica G. Ferrini
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Barry R. Bloom
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Winchell CG, Nyquist SK, Chao MC, Maiello P, Myers AJ, Hopkins F, Chase M, Gideon HP, Patel KV, Bromley JD, Simonson AW, Floyd-O’Sullivan R, Wadsworth M, Rosenberg JM, Uddin R, Hughes T, Kelly RJ, Griffo J, Tomko J, Klein E, Berger B, Scanga CA, Mattila J, Fortune SM, Shalek AK, Lin PL, Flynn JL. CD8+ lymphocytes are critical for early control of tuberculosis in macaques. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230707. [PMID: 37843832 PMCID: PMC10579699 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of CD8+ lymphocytes in tuberculosis remains poorly understood. We depleted innate and/or adaptive CD8+ lymphocytes in macaques and showed that loss of all CD8α+ cells (using anti-CD8α antibody) significantly impaired early control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, leading to increased granulomas, lung inflammation, and bacterial burden. Analysis of barcoded Mtb from infected macaques demonstrated that depletion of all CD8+ lymphocytes allowed increased establishment of Mtb in lungs and dissemination within lungs and to lymph nodes, while depletion of only adaptive CD8+ T cells (with anti-CD8β antibody) worsened bacterial control in lymph nodes. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed polyfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes in control granulomas, while CD8-depleted animals were unexpectedly enriched in CD4 and γδ T cells adopting incomplete cytotoxic signatures. Ligand-receptor analyses identified IL-15 signaling in granulomas as a driver of cytotoxic T cells. These data support that CD8+ lymphocytes are required for early protection against Mtb and suggest polyfunctional cytotoxic responses as a vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caylin G. Winchell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C. Chao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy J. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Forrest Hopkins
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Chase
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kush V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bromley
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew W. Simonson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc Wadsworth
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josephine Griffo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Mattila
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Fowler EA, Amorim CF, Mostacada K, Yan A, Sacramento LA, Stanco RA, Hales EDS, Varkey A, Zong W, Wu GD, de Oliveira CI, Collins PL, Novais FO. Pathogenic CD8 T cell responses are driven by neutrophil-mediated hypoxia in cutaneous leishmaniasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562926. [PMID: 37904953 PMCID: PMC10614852 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania parasites exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations. Although parasites influence disease severity, cytolytic CD8 T cell responses mediate disease. While these responses originate in the lymph node, we find that expression of the cytolytic effector molecule granzyme B is restricted to lesional CD8 T cells in Leishmania - infected mice, suggesting that local cues within inflamed skin induce cytolytic function. Expression of Blimp-1 ( Prdm1 ), a transcription factor necessary for cytolytic CD8 T cell differentiation, is driven by hypoxia within the inflamed skin. Hypoxia is further enhanced by the recruitment of neutrophils that consume oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species, ultimately increasing granzyme B expression in CD8 T cells. Importantly, lesions from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients exhibit hypoxia transcription signatures that correlate with the presence of neutrophils. Thus, targeting hypoxia-driven signals that support local differentiation of cytolytic CD8 T cells may improve the prognosis for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as other inflammatory skin diseases where cytolytic CD8 T cells contribute to pathogenesis.
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11
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Shen X, Wu T, Ji X, Yang K, Wang L, Peng Y, Huang G, Shen H, Sha W. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection depressed cytotoxic T cells activity owing to decreasing NKG2C and increasing NKG2A expression. Mol Immunol 2023; 162:133-142. [PMID: 37683324 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play protective roles in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) infection by strongly inhibiting intracellular mycobacterial growth. In TB infection, the impairing mechanism of CTLs function remains unclear. In this study, we identified that the cytotoxic granule molecules expression levels of perforin (PRF) and granulysin (GNLY) in CD3+ and CD8+ CTL cells were significantly depressed in TB patients compared to those in healthy donors. The frequencies of T-CTLs, co-expressing granzyme B (GZMB), PRF and GNLY, were obviously decreased in TB patients. Moreover, NKG2C highly expressed in T-CTLs, was an effective activator of cytotoxic activity of CD3+ T cells. And, NKG2C+CD3+ T cells potently inhibited intracellular mycobacterial growth. The proportions of NKG2C+ cells in CD3+ and CD8+ T cells were dramatically decreased in TB patients. Contrarily, NKG2A, an inhibitor of T cells cytotoxic activities, was highly expressed in T-CTLs of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in TB patients. Here, we successfully discovered that depressed CTLs activities in TB patients were attributed to low expression of cytotoxic granule molecules and high expression of inhibitory NKG2A receptor, suppression of agonist receptor NKG2C. Thus, NKG2 receptors were potential targets for immunotherapy of tuberculosis, especially for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Ji
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunfeng Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guixian Huang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Bloom BR. A half-century of research on tuberculosis: Successes and challenges. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230859. [PMID: 37552470 PMCID: PMC10407785 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past half-century, but TB remains a formidable global health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and necessary and sufficient conditions for protection are critical. The need for inexpensive and sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tests for earlier detection of infection and disease, shorter and less-toxic drug regimens for drug-sensitive and -resistant TB, and a more effective vaccine than BCG is immense. New and better tools, greater support for international research, collaborations, and training will be required to dramatically reduce the burden of this devastating disease which still kills 1.6 million people annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry R. Bloom
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Zhao S, Li H, Liu R, Tao N, Deng L, Xu Q, Hou J, Sheng J, Zheng J, Wang L, Chen W, Guo S, Liu YN. Nitrogen-Centered Lactate Oxidase Nanozyme for Tumor Lactate Modulation and Microenvironment Remodeling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10322-10332. [PMID: 37097216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Designing nanozymes that match natural enzymes have always been an attractive and challenging goal. In general, researchers mainly focus on the construction of metal centers and the control of non-metallic ligands of nanozyme to regulate their activities. However, this is not applicable to lactate oxidase, i.e., flavoenzymes with flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent pathways. Herein, we propose a coordination strategy to mimic lactate oxidase based on engineering the electronic properties at the N center by modulating the Co number near N in the Cox-N nanocomposite. Benefitting from the manipulated coordination fields and electronic structure around the electron-rich N sites, Co4N/C possesses a precise recognition site for lactate and intermediate organization and optimizes the absorption energies for intermediates, leading to superior oxidation of the lactate α-C-sp(3)-H bond toward ketone. The optimized nanozyme delivers much improved anticancer efficacy by reversing the high lactate and the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment, subsequently achieving excellent tumor growth and distant metastasis inhibition. The developed Co4N/C NEs open a new window for building a bridge between chemical catalysis and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senfeng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huihuang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Na Tao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Liu Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jianping Sheng
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wansong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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14
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Touré H, Galindo LA, Lagune M, Glatigny S, Waterhouse RM, Guénal I, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F, Szuplewski S. Mycobacterium abscessus resists the innate cellular response by surviving cell lysis of infected phagocytes. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011257. [PMID: 36972320 PMCID: PMC10079227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is the most pathogenic species among the predominantly saprophytic fast-growing mycobacteria. This opportunistic human pathogen causes severe infections that are difficult to eradicate. Its ability to survive within the host was described mainly with the rough (R) form of M. abscessus, which is lethal in several animal models. This R form is not present at the very beginning of the disease but appears during the progression and the exacerbation of the mycobacterial infection, by transition from a smooth (S) form. However, we do not know how the S form of M. abscessus colonizes and infects the host to then multiply and cause the disease. In this work, we were able to show the hypersensitivity of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to intrathoracic infections by the S and R forms of M. abscessus. This allowed us to unravel how the S form resists the innate immune response developed by the fly, both the antimicrobial peptides- and cellular-dependent immune responses. We demonstrate that intracellular M. abscessus was not killed within the infected phagocytic cells, by resisting lysis and caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of Drosophila infected phagocytes. In mice, in a similar manner, intra-macrophage M. abscessus was not killed when M. abscessus-infected macrophages were lysed by autologous natural killer cells. These results demonstrate the propensity of the S form of M. abscessus to resist the host’s innate responses to colonize and multiply within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamadoun Touré
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Ann Galindo
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Marion Lagune
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Simon Glatigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Robert M. Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Ile-de-France Ouest, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- * E-mail: (FGM); (SS)
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15
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Courtney AN, Tian G, Metelitsa LS. Natural killer T cells and other innate-like T lymphocytes as emerging platforms for allogeneic cancer cell therapy. Blood 2023; 141:869-876. [PMID: 36347021 PMCID: PMC10023720 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have achieved major clinical success in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, these treatments remain largely ineffective for solid cancers and require significant time and resources to be manufactured in an autologous setting. Developing alternative immune effector cells as cancer immunotherapy agents that can be employed in allogeneic settings is crucial for the advancement of cell therapy. Unlike T cells, Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) are not alloreactive and can therefore be generated from allogeneic donors for rapid infusion into numerous patients without the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Additionally, NKT cells demonstrate inherent advantages over T-cell products, including the ability to traffic to tumor tissues, target tumor-associated macrophages, transactivate NK cells, and cross-prime tumor-specific CD8 T cells. Both unmodified NKTs, which specifically recognize CD1d-bound glycolipid antigens expressed by certain types of tumors, and CAR-redirected NKTs are being developed as the next generation of allogeneic cell therapy products. In this review, we describe studies on the biology of NKTs and other types of innate-like T cells and summarize the clinical experiences of unmodified and CAR-redirected NKTs, including recent interim reports on allogeneic NKTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N. Courtney
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Leonid S. Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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16
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He M, Roussak K, Ma F, Borcherding N, Garin V, White M, Schutt C, Jensen TI, Zhao Y, Iberg CA, Shah K, Bhatia H, Korenfeld D, Dinkel S, Gray J, Antonova AU, Ferris S, Donermeyer D, Arlehamn CL, Gubin MM, Luo J, Gorvel L, Pellegrini M, Sette A, Tung T, Bak R, Modlin RL, Fields RC, Schreiber RD, Allen PM, Klechevsky E. CD5 expression by dendritic cells directs T cell immunity and sustains immunotherapy responses. Science 2023; 379:eabg2752. [PMID: 36795805 PMCID: PMC10424698 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The induction of proinflammatory T cells by dendritic cell (DC) subtypes is critical for antitumor responses and effective immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we show that human CD1c+CD5+ DCs are reduced in melanoma-affected lymph nodes, with CD5 expression on DCs correlating with patient survival. Activating CD5 on DCs enhanced T cell priming and improved survival after ICB therapy. CD5+ DC numbers increased during ICB therapy, and low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations promoted their de novo differentiation. Mechanistically, CD5 expression by DCs was required to generate optimally protective CD5hi T helper and CD8+ T cells; further, deletion of CD5 from T cells dampened tumor elimination in response to ICB therapy in vivo. Thus, CD5+ DCs are an essential component of optimal ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu He
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kate Roussak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vince Garin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mike White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles Schutt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Trine I. Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Courtney A. Iberg
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kairav Shah
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Himanshi Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Korenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sabrina Dinkel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Judah Gray
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Ferris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Donermeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cecilia Lindestam Arlehamn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew M. Gubin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Tung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rasmus Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert D. Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul M. Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Kharbanda KK, Chokshi S, Tikhanovich I, Weinman SA, New-Aaron M, Ganesan M, Osna NA. A Pathogenic Role of Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease of Infectious and Non-Infectious Origin. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:255. [PMID: 36829532 PMCID: PMC9953685 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Now, much is known regarding the impact of chronic and heavy alcohol consumption on the disruption of physiological liver functions and the induction of structural distortions in the hepatic tissues in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This review deliberates the effects of alcohol on the activity and properties of liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), which are either residential or infiltrated into the liver from the general circulation. NPCs play a pivotal role in the regulation of organ inflammation and fibrosis, both in the context of hepatotropic infections and in non-infectious settings. Here, we overview how NPC functions in ALD are regulated by second hits, such as gender and the exposure to bacterial or viral infections. As an example of the virus-mediated trigger of liver injury, we focused on HIV infections potentiated by alcohol exposure, since this combination was only limitedly studied in relation to the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the development of liver fibrosis. The review specifically focusses on liver macrophages, HSC, and T-lymphocytes and their regulation of ALD pathogenesis and outcomes. It also illustrates the activation of NPCs by the engulfment of apoptotic bodies, a frequent event observed when hepatocytes are exposed to ethanol metabolites and infections. As an example of such a double-hit-induced apoptotic hepatocyte death, we deliberate on the hepatotoxic accumulation of HIV proteins, which in combination with ethanol metabolites, causes intensive hepatic cell death and pro-fibrotic activation of HSCs engulfing these HIV- and malondialdehyde-expressing apoptotic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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18
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Koh JY, Kim DU, Moon BH, Shin EC. Human CD8 + T-Cell Populations That Express Natural Killer Receptors. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e8. [PMID: 36911797 PMCID: PMC9995994 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are activated by TCRs that recognize specific cognate Ags, while NK-cell activation is regulated by a balance between signals from germline-encoded activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Through these different processes of Ag recognition, CD8+ T cells and NK cells play distinct roles as adaptive and innate immune cells, respectively. However, some human CD8+ T cells have been found to express activating or inhibitory NK receptors. CD8+ T-cell populations expressing NK receptors straddle the innate-adaptive boundary with their innate-like features. Recent breakthrough technical advances in multi-omics analysis have enabled elucidation of the unique immunologic characteristics of these populations. However, studies have not yet fully clarified the heterogeneity and immunological characteristics of each CD8+ T-cell population expressing NK receptors. Here we aimed to review the current knowledge of various CD8+ T-cell populations expressing NK receptors, and to pave the way for delineating the landscape and identifying the various roles of these T-cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Bae-Hyeon Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
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Assy L, Khalil SM, Attia M, Salem ML. IL-12 conditioning of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from breast cancer patients promotes the zoledronate-induced expansion of γδ T cells in vitro and enhances their cytotoxic activity and cytokine production. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109402. [PMID: 36481526 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a series of our preclinical studies, we have reported that conditioning of α/β CD8+ T cells in vitro with interleukin-12 (IL-12) during their expansion improves their homing phenotype and anti-tumor cytolytic function upon their adoptive transfer in vivo. Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells can also be expanded in vitro with amino bisphosphonates such as zoledronate (ZOL) for the purpose of adoptive therapy. AIM We aimed in this study to use IL-12 to enhance the expansion and cytotoxic functions of ZOL-expanded Vγ9+Vδ2+T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from healthy donors and stage II breast cancer patients. PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were cultured and treated with ZOL/IL2, ZOL/IL2/IL12, or IL2/IL12. Cultured cells were harvested on days 7 and 14 of culture and their numbers, phenotype, and cytolytic activity were assessed. The levels of pro- and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the plasma and supernatants of the cultured cells were analyzed by Luminex. RESULTS In healthy subjects, the addition of IL-12 to ZOL/IL2-stimulated PBMCs increased the expansion and the cytotoxic activity of Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells on days 7 and 14 of culture. The latter was measured by the expression level of the cytolytic molecules granzyme B (GZB) and perforin (PER). Of note, αβ CD8 + T cells were also activated under the same condition but with a lesser extent addition of IL-12 to ZOL/IL2-stimulated PBMCs from cancer patients also induced similar effects but were lower than in control subjects. Interestingly, ZOL/IL2/IL12-treated PBMCs showed higher levels of cytokines/chemokines, in particular, CCL, CCL4, GM-CSF, IL-1rα; IL-12, IL-13, TNF, and IFNγ measured on days 7 and 14. CONCLUSION The addition of IL12 at the start of the expansion protocol can enhance the activity of γδ T cells which might be mediated in part by the activation of αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Assy
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta, University, Egypt
| | - Sohaila M Khalil
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta, University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta, University, Egypt.
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20
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Ashenafi S, Brighenti S. Reinventing the human tuberculosis (TB) granuloma: Learning from the cancer field. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059725. [PMID: 36591229 PMCID: PMC9797505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world and every 20 seconds a person dies from TB. An important attribute of human TB is induction of a granulomatous inflammation that creates a dynamic range of local microenvironments in infected organs, where the immune responses may be considerably different compared to the systemic circulation. New and improved technologies for in situ quantification and multimodal imaging of mRNA transcripts and protein expression at the single-cell level have enabled significantly improved insights into the local TB granuloma microenvironment. Here, we review the most recent data on regulation of immunity in the TB granuloma with an enhanced focus on selected in situ studies that enable spatial mapping of immune cell phenotypes and functions. We take advantage of the conceptual framework of the cancer-immunity cycle to speculate how local T cell responses may be enhanced in the granuloma microenvironment at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This includes an exploratory definition of "hot", immune-inflamed, and "cold", immune-excluded TB granulomas that does not refer to the level of bacterial replication or metabolic activity, but to the relative infiltration of T cells into the infected lesions. Finally, we reflect on the current knowledge and controversy related to reactivation of active TB in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction and maintenance or disruption of immunoregulation in the TB granuloma microenvironment may provide new avenues for host-directed therapies that can support standard antibiotic treatment of persistent TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Ashenafi
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, Sweden,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, Sweden,*Correspondence: Susanna Brighenti,
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Brander C, Hartigan-O’Connor D. HIV T-cell immunogen design and delivery. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2022; 17:333-337. [PMID: 36165078 PMCID: PMC9530002 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Not all T-cell responses against HIV are created equally and responses of certain epitope specificities have been associated with superior control of infection. These insights have spurred the development of a wide range of immunogen sequences, each with particular advantages and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS We review some of the most advanced designs that have reached or are close to reaching human clinical trials, with a special focus on T-cell immunogen developed for therapeutic use. We also touch upon the importance of how immunogens are delivered and point out the lamentable fact that there is essentially no alignment between different designs and vaccine regimens, which is a major hindrance to accelerated advances in the field. SUMMARY The design of an immunogen able to induce T-cell responses of adequate specificity and functionality is subject of a wide range of preclinical and clinical studies. Few designs have shown promise to date, but emerging data highlight the critical contribution of specificity to effective antiviral activity in vivo .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brander
- Irsicaixa - AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dennis Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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22
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Tian L, Zhou W, Wu X, Hu Z, Qiu L, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang S, Lu Z. CTLs: Killers of intracellular bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:967679. [PMID: 36389159 PMCID: PMC9645434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.967679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbial pathogens have evolved a range of capabilities to evade host immune defense mechanisms and to survive and multiply in host cells. The presence of host intracellular bacteria makes it difficult for specific antibodies to function. After the intracellular bacteria escape the attack of the innate immune system, such as phagocytes, they survive in cells, and then adaptive immunity comes into play. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in eliminating intracellular bacteria. The regulation of key transcription factors could promote CD4+/CD8+ T cells to acquire cytolytic ability. The TCR-CD3 complex transduces activation signals generated by TCR recognition of antigen and promotes CTLs to generate multiple pathways to kill intracellular bacteria. In this review, the mechanism of CD4/CD8 CTLs differentiation and how CD4/CD8 CTLs kill intracellular bacteria are introduced. In addition, their application and prospects in the treatment of bacterial infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuannan Hu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Koh JY, Rha MS, Choi SJ, Lee HS, Han JW, Nam H, Kim DU, Lee JG, Kim MS, Park JY, Park SH, Joo DJ, Shin EC. Identification of a distinct NK-like hepatic T-cell population activated by NKG2C in a TCR-independent manner. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1059-1070. [PMID: 35644434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver provides a unique niche of lymphocytes enriched with a large proportion of innate-like T cells. However, the heterogeneity and functional characteristics of the hepatic T-cell population remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS We obtained liver sinusoidal mononuclear cells from the liver perfusate of healthy donors and recipients with HBV-associated chronic liver disease (CLD) during liver transplantation. We performed a CITE-seq analysis of liver sinusoidal CD45+ cells in combination with T cell receptor (TCR)-seq and flow cytometry to examine the phenotypes and functions of liver sinusoidal CD8+ T cells. RESULTS We identified a distinct CD56hiCD161-CD8+ T-cell population characterized by natural killer (NK)-related gene expression and a uniquely restricted TCR repertoire. The frequency of these cells among the liver sinusoidal CD8+ T-cell population was significantly increased in patients with HBV-associated CLD. Although CD56hiCD161-CD8+ T cells exhibit weak responsiveness to TCR stimulation, CD56hiCD161-CD8+ T cells highly expressed various NK receptors, including CD94, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, and NKG2C, and exerted NKG2C-mediated NK-like effector functions even in the absence of TCR stimulation. In addition, CD56hiCD161-CD8+ T cells highly respond to innate cytokines, such as IL-12/18 and IL-15, in the absence of TCR stimulation. We validated the results from liver sinusoidal CD8+ T cells using intrahepatic CD8+ T cells obtained from liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the current study found a distinct CD56hiCD161-CD8+ T-cell population characterized by NK-like activation via TCR-independent NKG2C ligation. Further studies are required to elucidate the roles of liver sinusoidal CD56hiCD161-CD8+ T cells in immune responses to microbial pathogens or liver immunopathology. LAY SUMMARY The role of different immune cell populations in the liver is becoming an area of increasing interest. Herein, we identified a distinct T-cell population that had features similar to those of natural killer (NK) cells - a type of innate immune cell. This distinct population was expanded in the livers of patients with chronic liver disease and could thus have pathogenic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Nam
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Meermeier EW, Zheng CL, Tran JG, Soma S, Worley AH, Weiss DI, Modlin RL, Swarbrick G, Karamooz E, Khuzwayo S, Wong EB, Gold MC, Lewinsohn DM. Human lung-resident mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant, express antimicrobial proteins, and are cytokine responsive. Commun Biol 2022; 5:942. [PMID: 36085311 PMCID: PMC9463188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset that recognize a broad array of microbial pathogens, including respiratory pathogens. Here we investigate the transcriptional profile of MAIT cells localized to the human lung, and postulate that MAIT cells may play a role in maintaining homeostasis at this mucosal barrier. Using the MR1/5-OP-RU tetramer, we identified MAIT cells and non-MAIT CD8+ T cells in lung tissue not suitable for transplant from human donors. We used RNA-sequencing of MAIT cells compared to non-MAIT CD8+ T cells to define the transcriptome of MAIT cells in the human lung. We show that, as a population, lung MAIT cells are polycytotoxic, secrete the directly antimicrobial molecule IL-26, express genes associated with persistence, and selectively express cytokine and chemokine- related molecules distinct from other lung-resident CD8+ T cells, such as interferon-γ- and IL-12- receptors. These data highlight MAIT cells' predisposition to rapid pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and antimicrobial mechanisms in human lung tissue, concordant with findings of blood-derived counterparts, and support a function for MAIT cells as early sensors in the defense of respiratory barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Christina L Zheng
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jessica G Tran
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shogo Soma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aneta H Worley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David I Weiss
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elham Karamooz
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sharon Khuzwayo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle C Gold
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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25
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Qu X, Wang M, Wang M, Tang H, Zhang S, Yang H, Yuan W, Wang Y, Yang J, Yue B. Multi-Mode Antibacterial Strategies Enabled by Gene-Transfection and Immunomodulatory Nanoparticles in 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Synergistic Exogenous and Endogenous Treatment of Infections. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200096. [PMID: 35267223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As research on refractory Staphylococcus aureus-related implant infection intensifies, certain challenges remain, including low antibiotic concentrations within infected areas, immune escape achieved by intracellular bacteria, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inducing regional immunosuppression, and recurrence of residual pathogenic bacteria after drug suspension. Herein, a novel antimicrobial system to simultaneously address these issues is proposed. Specifically, an oxygen-species-responsive 3D-printed scaffold with shell-core nanoparticles is designed, which are loaded with an antimicrobial peptide plasmid (LL37 plasmid) and have LL37 grafted on their surface (LL37@ZIF8-LL37). The surface-grafted LL37 directly kills S. aureus and, following entry into cells, the nanoparticles kill intracellular bacteria. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo, following translation of the LL37 plasmid, cells function as factories of the antimicrobial peptide, thereby generating a continuous, prolonged antibacterial effect at the site of infection. This system significantly reduces the abnormal increase in MDSCs within the infected microenvironment, thus relieving the immunosuppressive state and restoring a protective antimicrobial immune response. Hence, this proposed antimicrobial system provides an antimicrobial immune response and a novel strategy for S. aureus-related infections by offering a combined active antimicrobial and immunotherapeutic strategy, thereby significantly reducing the recurrence rate following recovery from implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Miaochen Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weien Yuan
- Pharm-X Center, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
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26
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Lettau M, Janssen O. Intra- and Extracellular Effector Vesicles From Human T And NK Cells: Same-Same, but Different? Front Immunol 2022; 12:804895. [PMID: 35003134 PMCID: PMC8733945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and Natural Killer (NK) cells utilize an overlapping effector arsenal for the elimination of target cells. It was initially proposed that all cytotoxic effector proteins are stored in lysosome-related effector vesicles (LREV) termed "secretory lysosomes" as a common storage compartment and are only released into the immunological synapse formed between the effector and target cell. The analysis of enriched LREV, however, revealed an uneven distribution of individual effectors in morphologically distinct vesicular entities. Two major populations of LREV were distinguished based on their protein content and signal requirements for degranulation. Light vesicles carrying FasL and 15 kDa granulysin are released in a PKC-dependent and Ca2+-independent manner, whereas dense granules containing perforin, granzymes and 9 kDa granulysin require Ca2+-signaling as a hallmark of classical degranulation. Notably, both types of LREV do not only contain the mentioned cytolytic effectors, but also store and transport diverse other immunomodulatory proteins including MHC class I and II, costimulatory and adhesion molecules, enzymes (i.e. CD26/DPP4) or cytokines. Interestingly, the recent analyses of CTL- or NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) revealed the presence of a related mixture of proteins in microvesicles or exosomes that in fact resemble fingerprints of the cells of origin. This overlapping protein profile indicates a direct relation of intra- and extracellular vesicles. Since EV potentially also interact with cells at distant sites (apart from the IS), they might act as additional effector vesicles or intercellular communicators in a more systemic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lettau
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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27
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Ishiyama K, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Aguilar OA, Damm I, Towfighi P, Sigdel T, Tamaki S, Babdor J, Spitzer MH, Reed EF, Sarwal MM, Lanier LL. Mass cytometry reveals single-cell kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocyte evolution in CMV-infected renal transplant patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116588119. [PMID: 35181606 PMCID: PMC8872722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116588119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with graft rejection in renal transplantation. Memory-like natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C and lacking FcεRIγ are established during CMV infection. Additionally, CD8+ T cells expressing NKG2C have been observed in some CMV-seropositive patients. However, in vivo kinetics detailing the development and differentiation of these lymphocyte subsets during CMV infection remain limited. Here, we interrogated the in vivo kinetics of lymphocytes in CMV-infected renal transplant patients using longitudinal samples compared with those of nonviremic (NV) patients. Recipient CMV-seropositive (R+) patients had preexisting memory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγ-) at baseline, which decreased in the periphery immediately after transplantation in both viremic and NV patients. We identified a subset of prememory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγlow-dim) that increased during viremia in R+ viremic patients. These cells showed a higher cytotoxic profile than preexisting memory-like NK cells with transient up-regulation of FcεRIγ and Ki67 expression at the acute phase, with the subsequent accumulation of new memory-like NK cells at later phases of viremia. Furthermore, cytotoxic NKG2C+CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells significantly increased in viremic patients but not in NV patients. These three different cytotoxic cells combinatorially responded to viremia, showing a relatively early response in R+ viremic patients compared with recipient CMV-seronegative viremic patients. All viremic patients, except one, overcame viremia and did not experience graft rejection. These data provide insights into the in vivo dynamics and interplay of cytotoxic lymphocytes responding to CMV viremia, which are potentially linked with control of CMV viremia to prevent graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Parhom Towfighi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tara Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry Core, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joel Babdor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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28
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Hombach A, Barden M, Hannappel L, Chmielewski M, Rappl G, Sachinidis A, Abken H. IL12 integrated into the CAR exodomain converts CD8 + T cells to poly-functional NK-like cells with superior killing of antigen-loss tumors. Mol Ther 2022; 30:593-605. [PMID: 34678512 PMCID: PMC8821972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T cell therapy often fails to control tumors in the long term due to selecting cancer cells that downregulated or lost CAR targeted antigen. To reprogram the functional capacities specifically of engineered CAR T cells, we inserted IL12 into the extracellular moiety of a CD28-ζ CAR; both the CAR endodomain and IL12 were functionally active, as indicated by antigen-redirected effector functions and STAT4 phosphorylation, respectively. The IL12-CAR reprogrammed CD8+ T cells toward a so far not recognized natural killer (NK) cell-like signature and a CD94+CD56+CD62Lhigh phenotype closely similar, but not identical, to NK and cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells. In contrast to conventional CAR T cells, IL12-CAR T cells acquired antigen-independent, human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) restricted cytotoxic capacities eliminating antigen-negative cancer cells in addition to eliminating cancer cells with CAR cognate antigen. Simultaneous signaling through both the CAR endodomain and IL12 were required for inducing maximal NK-like cytotoxicity; adding IL12 to conventional CAR T cells was not sufficient. Antigen-negative tumors were attacked by IL12-CAR T cells, but not by conventional CAR T cells. Overall, we present a prototype of a new family of CARs that augments tumor recognition and elimination through expanded functional capacities by an appropriate cytokine integrated into the CAR exodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Barden
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Department Genetic Immunotherapy, and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hannappel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Physiology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Department Genetic Immunotherapy, and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany,Corresponding author: Hinrich Abken, RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Department Genetic Immunotherapy, and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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29
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Significance of bystander T cell activation in microbial infection. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:13-22. [PMID: 34354279 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During microbial infection, pre-existing memory CD8+ T cells that are not specific for the infecting pathogens can be activated by cytokines without cognate antigens, termed bystander activation. Studies in mouse models and human patients demonstrate bystander activation of memory CD8+ T cells, which exerts either protective or detrimental effects on the host, depending on the infection model or disease. Research has elucidated mechanisms underlying the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells in terms of the responsible cytokines and the effector mechanisms of bystander-activated CD8+ T cells. In this Review, we describe the history of research on bystander CD8+ T cell activation as well as evidence of bystander activation. We also discuss the mechanisms and immunopathological roles of bystander activation in various microbial infections.
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30
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Good CR, Aznar MA, Kuramitsu S, Samareh P, Agarwal S, Donahue G, Ishiyama K, Wellhausen N, Rennels AK, Ma Y, Tian L, Guedan S, Alexander KA, Zhang Z, Rommel PC, Singh N, Glastad KM, Richardson MW, Watanabe K, Tanyi JL, O'Hara MH, Ruella M, Lacey SF, Moon EK, Schuster SJ, Albelda SM, Lanier LL, Young RM, Berger SL, June CH. An NK-like CAR T cell transition in CAR T cell dysfunction. Cell 2021; 184:6081-6100.e26. [PMID: 34861191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in hematological malignancies but remains ineffective in solid tumors, due in part to CAR T cell exhaustion in the solid tumor microenvironment. To study dysfunction of mesothelin-redirected CAR T cells in pancreatic cancer, we establish a robust model of continuous antigen exposure that recapitulates hallmark features of T cell exhaustion and discover, both in vitro and in CAR T cell patients, that CAR dysregulation is associated with a CD8+ T-to-NK-like T cell transition. Furthermore, we identify a gene signature defining CAR and TCR dysregulation and transcription factors, including SOX4 and ID3 as key regulators of CAR T cell exhaustion. Our findings shed light on the plasticity of human CAR T cells and demonstrate that genetic downmodulation of ID3 and SOX4 expression can improve the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors by preventing or delaying CAR T cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly R Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Angela Aznar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shunichiro Kuramitsu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Parisa Samareh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Austin K Rennels
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yujie Ma
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philipp C Rommel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan Singh
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max W Richardson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark H O'Hara
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Sottile R, Panjwani MK, Lau CM, Daniyan AF, Tanaka K, Barker JN, Brentjens RJ, Sun JC, Le Luduec JB, Hsu KC. Human cytomegalovirus expands a CD8 + T cell population with loss of BCL11B expression and gain of NK cell identity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe6968. [PMID: 34559552 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sottile
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Kazim Panjwani
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony F Daniyan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kento Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliet N Barker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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32
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CD4 T cell help prevents CD8 T cell exhaustion and promotes control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109696. [PMID: 34525366 PMCID: PMC8466141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells are essential for immunity to tuberculosis because they produce cytokines, including interferon-γ. Whether CD4 T cells act as "helper" cells to promote optimal CD8 T cell responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unknown. Using two independent models, we show that CD4 T cell help enhances CD8 effector functions and prevents CD8 T cell exhaustion. We demonstrate synergy between CD4 and CD8 T cells in promoting the survival of infected mice. Purified helped, but not helpless, CD8 T cells efficiently restrict intracellular bacterial growth in vitro. Thus, CD4 T cell help plays an essential role in generating protective CD8 T cell responses against M. tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo. We infer vaccines that elicit both CD4 and CD8 T cells are more likely to be successful than vaccines that elicit only CD4 or CD8 T cells.
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33
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Thiboutot DM, Nelson AM. Keeping the peace: commensal Cutibacterium acnes trains CD4+ TH17 cells to trap and kill. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145379. [PMID: 33463540 DOI: 10.1172/jci145379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal or pathogenic bacterial communities of the skin interact with the host immune system to preserve homeostasis or sustain disease. In this issue of the JCI, Agak et al. substantially advance our conceptual understanding of TH17 cell biology. The researchers identified IL-26-independent mechanisms by which CD4+ TH17 clones directly kill bacteria. These CD4+ TH17 clones share antimicrobial properties with cytotoxic T cells and granulocytes as evidenced by secretion of granulysin, granzyme B, and histone-laden DNA extracellular traps. Interestingly, these clones emerged following monocyte education by Cutibacterium acnes strains associated with healthy skin, but not those associated with acne. Overall, the antimicrobial mechanisms employed by these TH17 subsets suggest a unique link between innate and adaptive immune responses.
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34
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Méndez-Lagares G, Chin N, Chang WW, Lee J, Rosás-Umbert M, Kieu HT, Merriam D, Lu W, Kim S, Adamson L, Brander C, Luciw PA, Barry PA, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ. Cytomegalovirus mediates expansion of IL-15-responsive innate-memory cells with SIV killing function. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148542. [PMID: 34153005 PMCID: PMC8321572 DOI: 10.1172/jci148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual immune variability is driven predominantly by environmental factors, including exposure to chronic infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). We investigated the effects of rhesus CMV (RhCMV) on composition and function of the immune system in young macaques. Within months of infection, RhCMV was associated with impressive changes in antigen presenting cells, T cells, and NK cells-and marked expansion of innate-memory CD8+ T cells. These cells express high levels of NKG2A/C and the IL-2 and IL-15 receptor beta chain, CD122. IL-15 was sufficient to drive differentiation of the cells in vitro and in vivo. Expanded NKG2A/C+CD122+CD8+ T cells in RhCMV-infected macaques, but not their NKG2-negative counterparts, were endowed with cytotoxicity against class I-deficient K562 targets and prompt IFN-γ production in response to stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18. Because RhCMV clone 68-1 forms the viral backbone of RhCMV-vectored SIV vaccines, we also investigated immune changes following administration of RhCMV 68-1-vectored SIV vaccines. These vaccines led to impressive expansion of NKG2A/C+CD8+ T cells with capacity to inhibit SIV replication ex vivo. Thus, CMV infection and CMV-vectored vaccination drive expansion of functional innate-like CD8 cells via host IL-15 production, suggesting that innate-memory expansion could be achieved by other vaccine platforms expressing IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Méndez-Lagares
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Ning Chin
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - W.L. William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Graduate Group in Immunology, and
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Hung T. Kieu
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - David Merriam
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Wenze Lu
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lourdes Adamson
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa - AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A. Luciw
- California National Primate Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter A. Barry
- California National Primate Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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35
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Ma F, Hughes TK, Teles RMB, Andrade PR, de Andrade Silva BJ, Plazyo O, Tsoi LC, Do T, Wadsworth MH, Oulee A, Ochoa MT, Sarno EN, Iruela-Arispe ML, Klechevsky E, Bryson B, Shalek AK, Bloom BR, Gudjonsson JE, Pellegrini M, Modlin RL. The cellular architecture of the antimicrobial response network in human leprosy granulomas. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:839-850. [PMID: 34168371 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Granulomas are complex cellular structures composed predominantly of macrophages and lymphocytes that function to contain and kill invading pathogens. Here, we investigated the single-cell phenotypes associated with antimicrobial responses in human leprosy granulomas by applying single-cell and spatial sequencing to leprosy biopsy specimens. We focused on reversal reactions (RRs), a dynamic process whereby some patients with disseminated lepromatous leprosy (L-lep) transition toward self-limiting tuberculoid leprosy (T-lep), mounting effective antimicrobial responses. We identified a set of genes encoding proteins involved in antimicrobial responses that are differentially expressed in RR versus L-lep lesions and regulated by interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. By integrating the spatial coordinates of the key cell types and antimicrobial gene expression in RR and T-lep lesions, we constructed a map revealing the organized architecture of granulomas depicting compositional and functional layers by which macrophages, T cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts can each contribute to the antimicrobial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Travis K Hughes
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosane M B Teles
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priscila R Andrade
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno J de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tran Do
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aislyn Oulee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Euzenir N Sarno
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Bryson
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barry R Bloom
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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36
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Sullivan LC, Nguyen THO, Harpur CM, Stankovic S, Kanagarajah AR, Koutsakos M, Saunders PM, Cai Z, Gray JA, Widjaja JML, Lin J, Pietra G, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Samir J, Luciani F, Westall GP, Malmberg KJ, Kedzierska K, Brooks AG. Natural killer cell receptors regulate responses of HLA-E-restricted T cells. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe9057. [PMID: 33893172 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can stimulate robust human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses. These T cells recognize a peptide from UL40, which differs by as little as a single methyl group from self-peptides that also bind HLA-E, challenging their capacity to avoid self-reactivity. Unexpectedly, we showed that the UL40/HLA-E T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire included TCRs that had high affinities for HLA-E/self-peptide. However, paradoxically, lower cytokine responses were observed from UL40/HLA-E T cells bearing TCRs with high affinity for HLA-E. RNA sequencing and flow cytometric analysis revealed that these T cells were marked by the expression of inhibitory natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2/L3. On the other hand, UL40/HLA-E T cells bearing lower-affinity TCRs expressed the activating receptor NKG2C. Activation of T cells bearing higher-affinity TCRs was regulated by the interaction between KIR2D receptors and HLA-C. These findings identify a role for NKR signaling in regulating self/non-self discrimination by HLA-E-restricted T cells, allowing for antiviral responses while avoiding contemporaneous self-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher M Harpur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Abbie R Kanagarajah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James A Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M L Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES). University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES). University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Jerome Samir
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Karl J Malmberg
- KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0318, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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37
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van Hooij A, Geluk A. In search of biomarkers for leprosy by unraveling the host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:175-192. [PMID: 33709405 PMCID: PMC8251784 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is still actively transmitted in endemic areas reflected by the fairly stable number of new cases detected each year. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of leprosy is challenging, especially at an early stage. Improved diagnostic tools, based on sensitive and specific biomarkers, that facilitate diagnosis of leprosy are therefore urgently needed. In this review, we address the challenges that leprosy biomarker research is facing by reviewing cell types reported to be involved in host immunity to M leprae. These cell types can be associated with different possible fates of M leprae infection being either protective immunity, or pathogenic immune responses inducing nerve damage. Unraveling these responses will facilitate the search for biomarkers. Implications for further studies to disentangle the complex interplay between host responses that lead to leprosy disease are discussed, providing leads for the identification of new biomarkers to improve leprosy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk van Hooij
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Oulee A, Ma F, Teles RMB, de Andrade Silva BJ, Pellegrini M, Klechevsky E, Harman AN, Rhodes JW, Modlin RL. Identification of Genes Encoding Antimicrobial Proteins in Langerhans Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695373. [PMID: 34512625 PMCID: PMC8426439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis where they are poised to mount an antimicrobial response against microbial pathogens invading from the outside environment. To elucidate potential pathways by which LCs contribute to host defense, we mined published LC transcriptomes deposited in GEO and the scientific literature for genes that participate in antimicrobial responses. Overall, we identified 31 genes in LCs that encode proteins that contribute to antimicrobial activity, ten of which were cross-validated in at least two separate experiments. Seven of these ten antimicrobial genes encode chemokines, CCL1, CCL17, CCL19, CCL2, CCL22, CXCL14 and CXCL2, which mediate both antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. Of these, CCL22 was detected in seven of nine transcriptomes and by PCR in cultured LCs. Overall, the antimicrobial genes identified in LCs encode proteins with broad antibacterial activity, including against Staphylococcus aureus, which is the leading cause of skin infections. Thus, this study illustrates that LCs, consistent with their anatomical location, are programmed to mount an antimicrobial response against invading pathogens in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislyn Oulee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rosane M B Teles
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruno J de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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39
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Emerging Role for MAIT Cells in Control of Antimicrobial Resistance. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:504-516. [PMID: 33353796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health as antibiotics are losing effectiveness due to rapid development of resistance. The human immune system facilitates control and clearance of resistant bacterial populations during the course of antimicrobial therapy. Here we review current knowledge of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an arm of the immune system on the border between innate and adaptive, and their critical place in human antibacterial immunity. We propose that MAIT cells play important roles against antimicrobial-resistant infections through their capacity to directly clear multidrug-resistant bacteria and overcome mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions pertinent to the possible advancement of host-directed therapy as an alternative intervention strategy for antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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40
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HLA-DPB1 and HLA-C alleles are associated with leprosy in a Brazilian population. Hum Immunol 2020; 82:11-18. [PMID: 33189423 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense efforts, the number of new cases of leprosy has remained significantly high over the past 20 years. Host genetic background is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of this disease, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and there is a consensus that the most significant genetic association with leprosy is attributed to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Here, we investigated the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genes with leprosy in a Brazilian population encompassing 826 individuals from a hyperendemic area of Brazil; HLA typing of class I (-A, -B, -C) and class II (-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1) loci was conducted. Initially, the associations were tested using the chi-square test, with p-values adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Next, statistically significant signals of the associations were submitted to logistic regression analyses to adjust for sex and molecular ancestry data. The results showed that HLA-C*08, -DPB1*04, and -DPB1*18 were associated with protective effects, while HLA-C*12 and -DPB1*105 were associated with susceptibility to leprosy. Thus, our findings reveal new associations between leprosy and the HLA-DPB1 locus and confirm previous associations between the HLA-C locus and leprosy.
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41
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Hughes TK, Wadsworth MH, Gierahn TM, Do T, Weiss D, Andrade PR, Ma F, de Andrade Silva BJ, Shao S, Tsoi LC, Ordovas-Montanes J, Gudjonsson JE, Modlin RL, Love JC, Shalek AK. Second-Strand Synthesis-Based Massively Parallel scRNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Inflammatory Skin Pathologies. Immunity 2020; 53:878-894.e7. [PMID: 33053333 PMCID: PMC7562821 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies enable characterization of complex biological samples by increasing the number of cells that can be profiled contemporaneously. Nevertheless, these approaches recover less information per cell than low-throughput strategies. To accurately report the expression of key phenotypic features of cells, scRNA-seq platforms are needed that are both high fidelity and high throughput. To address this need, we created Seq-Well S3 ("Second-Strand Synthesis"), a massively parallel scRNA-seq protocol that uses a randomly primed second-strand synthesis to recover complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules that were successfully reverse transcribed but to which a second oligonucleotide handle, necessary for subsequent whole transcriptome amplification, was not appended due to inefficient template switching. Seq-Well S3 increased the efficiency of transcript capture and gene detection compared with that of previous iterations by up to 10- and 5-fold, respectively. We used Seq-Well S3 to chart the transcriptional landscape of five human inflammatory skin diseases, thus providing a resource for the further study of human skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis K Hughes
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd M Gierahn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tran Do
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Weiss
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priscila R Andrade
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno J de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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42
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Rha MS, Han JW, Kim JH, Koh JY, Park HJ, Kim SI, Kim MS, Lee JG, Lee HW, Lee DH, Kim W, Park JY, Joo DJ, Park SH, Shin EC. Human liver CD8 + MAIT cells exert TCR/MR1-independent innate-like cytotoxicity in response to IL-15. J Hepatol 2020; 73:640-650. [PMID: 32247824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, the most abundant innate-like T cells in the human liver, can be activated by cytokines during viral infection without TCR stimulation. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying TCR/MR1-independent innate-like cytotoxicity of cytokine-activated liver MAIT cells. We also examined the phenotype and function of MAIT cells from patients with acute viral hepatitis. METHODS We obtained liver sinusoidal mononuclear cells from donor liver perfusate during liver transplantation and examined the effect of various cytokines on liver MAIT cells using flow cytometry and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. We also obtained peripheral blood and liver-infiltrating T cells from patients with acute hepatitis A (AHA) and examined the phenotype and function of MAIT cells using flow cytometry. RESULTS IL-15-stimulated MAIT cells exerted granzyme B-dependent innate-like cytotoxicity in the absence of TCR/MR1 interaction. PI3K-mTOR signaling, NKG2D ligation, and CD2-mediated conjugate formation were critically required for this IL-15-induced innate-like cytotoxicity. MAIT cells from patients with AHA exhibited activated and cytotoxic phenotypes with higher NKG2D expression. The innate-like cytotoxicity of MAIT cells was significantly increased in patients with AHA and correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results demonstrate that liver MAIT cells activated by IL-15 exert NKG2D-dependent innate-like cytotoxicity in the absence of TCR/MR1 engagement. Furthermore, the innate-like cytotoxicity of MAIT cells is associated with liver injury in patients with AHA, suggesting that MAIT cells contribute to immune-mediated liver injury. LAY SUMMARY Immune-mediated liver injury commonly occurs during viral infections of the liver. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the most abundant innate-like T cells in the human liver. Herein, we have identified a mechanism by which MAIT cells circumvent conventional T cell receptor interactions to exert cytotoxicity. We show that this innate-like cytotoxicity is increased during acute hepatitis A virus infection and correlates with the degree of hepatocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Rha
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Human MAIT cell cytolytic effector proteins synergize to overcome carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000644. [PMID: 32511236 PMCID: PMC7302869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans and recognize antigens derived from the microbial riboflavin biosynthetic pathway presented by the MHC-Ib-related protein (MR1). However, the mechanisms responsible for MAIT cell antimicrobial activity are not fully understood, and the efficacy of these mechanisms against antibiotic resistant bacteria has not been explored. Here, we show that MAIT cells mediate MR1-restricted antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli clinical strains in a manner dependent on the activity of cytolytic proteins but independent of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or induction of apoptosis in infected cells. The combined action of the pore-forming antimicrobial protein granulysin and the serine protease granzyme B released in response to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of MR1-presented antigen is essential to mediate control against both cell-associated and free-living, extracellular forms of E. coli. Furthermore, MAIT cell-mediated bacterial control extends to multidrug-resistant E. coli primary clinical isolates additionally resistant to carbapenems, a class of last resort antibiotics. Notably, high levels of granulysin and granzyme B in the MAIT cell secretomes directly damage bacterial cells by increasing their permeability, rendering initially resistant E. coli susceptible to the bactericidal activity of carbapenems. These findings define the role of cytolytic effector proteins in MAIT cell-mediated antimicrobial activity and indicate that granulysin and granzyme B synergize to restore carbapenem bactericidal activity and overcome carbapenem resistance in E. coli. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant antimicrobial T cells in humans that recognize bacterial metabolites. This study shows that MAIT cells exert potent antimicrobial activity against both cell-associated and extracellular forms of Escherichia coli, including strains that are resistant to the last resort antibiotics carbapenems.
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44
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Prezzemolo T, Di Carlo P, Cascio A, Delogu G, Poli G, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Dieli F, Caccamo N. HLA-E-restricted CD8 + T Lymphocytes Efficiently Control Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1 Coinfection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:430-439. [PMID: 31697586 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0261oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2) and HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) coinfection. HIV-1 downregulates HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules in infected cells, thus influencing recognition by HLA class I-restricted CD8+ T cells but not by HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells, owing to the inability of the virus to downmodulate their expression. Therefore, antigen-specific HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells could play a protective role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1 coinfection. HLA-E- and HLA-A2-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells were tested in vitro for cytotoxic and microbicidal activities, and their frequencies and phenotypes were evaluated ex vivo in patients with active tuberculosis and concomitant HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection caused downmodulation of HLA-A2 expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages associated with resistance to lysis by HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cells and failure to restrict the growth of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conversely, HLA-E surface expression and HLA-E-restricted cytolytic and microbicidal CD8 responses were not affected. HLA-E-restricted and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells were expanded in the circulation of patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV-1 coinfection, as measured by tetramer staining, but displayed a terminally differentiated and exhausted phenotype that was rescued in vitro by anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) monoclonal antibody. Together, these results indicate that HLA-E-restricted and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV-1 coinfection have an exhausted phenotype and fail to expand in vitro in response to antigen stimulation, which can be restored by blocking the PD-1 pathway using the specific monoclonal antibody nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Teresa Prezzemolo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Foundation Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Institute for Scientific-based Care and Research (IRCCS) Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milano, Italy; and
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
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45
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Jin JH, Huang HH, Zhou MJ, Li J, Hu W, Huang L, Xu Z, Tu B, Yang G, Shi M, Jiao YM, Fan X, Song JW, Zhang JY, Zhang C, Wang FS. Virtual memory CD8+ T cells restrain the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy through derepressing KIR-mediated inhibition. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:1257-1265. [PMID: 32210395 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral reservoir is the major hurdle in developing and establishing an HIV cure. Understanding factors affecting the size and decay of this reservoir is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies. Recent work highlighted that CD8+ T cells are involved in the control of viral replication in ART-treated HIV-1-infected individuals, but how CD8+ T cells sense and restrict the HIV reservoir are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that a population of unconventional CD45RA+, PanKIR+, and/or NKG2A+ virtual memory CD8+ T cells (TVM cells), which confer rapid and robust protective immunity against pathogens, plays an important role in restraining the HIV DNA reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients with effective ART. In patients undergoing ART, TVM cells negatively correlate with HIV DNA and positively correlate with circulating IFN-α2 and IL-15. Moreover, TVM cells constitutively express high levels of cytotoxic granule components, including granzyme B, perforin and granulysin, and demonstrate the capability to control HIV replication through both cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. Furthermore, by using an ex vivo system, we showed that HIV reactivation is effectively suppressed by TVM cells through KIR-mediated recognition. This study suggests that TVM cells are a promising target to predict posttreatment virological control and to design immune-based interventions to reduce the reservoir size in ART-treated HIV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Jin
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China. .,Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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46
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Wu TD, Madireddi S, de Almeida PE, Banchereau R, Chen YJJ, Chitre AS, Chiang EY, Iftikhar H, O'Gorman WE, Au-Yeung A, Takahashi C, Goldstein LD, Poon C, Keerthivasan S, de Almeida Nagata DE, Du X, Lee HM, Banta KL, Mariathasan S, Das Thakur M, Huseni MA, Ballinger M, Estay I, Caplazi P, Modrusan Z, Delamarre L, Mellman I, Bourgon R, Grogan JL. Peripheral T cell expansion predicts tumour infiltration and clinical response. Nature 2020; 579:274-278. [PMID: 32103181 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the resounding clinical success in cancer treatment of antibodies that block the interaction of PD1 with its ligand PDL11, the mechanisms involved remain unknown. A major limitation to understanding the origin and fate of T cells in tumour immunity is the lack of quantitative information on the distribution of individual clonotypes of T cells in patients with cancer. Here, by performing deep single-cell sequencing of RNA and T cell receptors in patients with different types of cancer, we survey the profiles of various populations of T cells and T cell receptors in tumours, normal adjacent tissue, and peripheral blood. We find clear evidence of clonotypic expansion of effector-like T cells not only within the tumour but also in normal adjacent tissue. Patients with gene signatures of such clonotypic expansion respond best to anti-PDL1 therapy. Notably, expanded clonotypes found in the tumour and normal adjacent tissue can also typically be detected in peripheral blood, which suggests a convenient approach to patient identification. Analyses of our data together with several external datasets suggest that intratumoural T cells, especially in responsive patients, are replenished with fresh, non-exhausted replacement cells from sites outside the tumour, suggesting continued activity of the cancer immunity cycle in these patients, the acceleration of which may be associated with clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shravan Madireddi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Romain Banchereau
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Jiun J Chen
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avantika S Chitre
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Y Chiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hina Iftikhar
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William E O'Gorman
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Au-Yeung
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chikara Takahashi
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonard D Goldstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chungkee Poon
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shilpa Keerthivasan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiangnan Du
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyang-Mi Lee
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karl L Banta
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Mariathasan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghna Das Thakur
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mahrukh A Huseni
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Ballinger
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ivette Estay
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lélia Delamarre
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ira Mellman
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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47
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Wang H, Jiang H, Teles RMB, Chen Y, Wu A, Lu J, Chen Z, Ma F, Pellegrini M, Modlin RL. Cellular, Molecular, and Immunological Characteristics of Langhans Multinucleated Giant Cells Programmed by IL-15. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1824-1836.e7. [PMID: 32092350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Langhans multinucleated giant cells (LGCs) are a specific type of multinucleated giant cell containing a characteristic horseshoe-shaped ring of nuclei that are present within granulomas of infectious etiology. Although cytokines that trigger macrophage activation (such as IFN-γ) induce LGC formation, it is not clear whether cytokines that trigger macrophage differentiation contribute to LGC formation. Here, we found that IL-15, a cytokine that induces M1 macrophage differentiation, programs human peripheral blood adherent cells to form LGCs. Analysis of the IL-15‒treated adherent cell transcriptome identified gene networks for T cells, DNA damage and replication, and IFN-inducible genes that correlated with IL-15 treatment and LGC-type multinucleated giant cell formation. Gene networks enriched for myeloid cells were anticorrelated with IL-15 treatment and LGC formation. Functional studies revealed that T cells were required for IL-15‒induced LGC formation, involving a direct contact with myeloid cells through CD40L-CD40 interaction and IFN-γ release. These data indicate that IL-15 induces LGC formation through the direct interaction of activated T cells and myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiqin Jiang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Rosane M B Teles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
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48
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Whole blood RNA signatures in leprosy patients identify reversal reactions before clinical onset: a prospective, multicenter study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17931. [PMID: 31784594 PMCID: PMC6884598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of leprosy is challenging, particularly its inflammatory reactions, the major cause of irreversible neuropathy in leprosy. Current diagnostics cannot identify which patients are at risk of developing reactions. This study assessed blood RNA expression levels as potential biomarkers for leprosy. Prospective cohorts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients, including reactions, and healthy controls were recruited in Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia and Nepal. RNA expression in 1,090 whole blood samples was determined for 103 target genes for innate and adaptive immune profiling by dual color Reverse-Transcription Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (dcRT-MLPA) followed by cluster analysis. We identified transcriptomic biomarkers associated with leprosy disease, different leprosy phenotypes as well as high exposure to Mycobacterium leprae which respectively allow improved diagnosis and classification of leprosy patients and detection of infection. Importantly, a transcriptomic signature of risk for reversal reactions consisting of five genes (CCL2, CD8A, IL2, IL15 and MARCO) was identified based on cross-sectional comparison of RNA expression. In addition, intra-individual longitudinal analyses of leprosy patients before, during and after treatment of reversal reactions, indicated that several IFN-induced genes increased significantly at onset of reaction whereas IL15 decreased. This multi-site study, situated in four leprosy endemic areas, demonstrates the potential of host transcriptomic biomarkers as correlates of risk for leprosy. Importantly, a prospective five-gene signature for reversal reactions could predict reversal reactions at least 2 weeks before onset. Thus, transcriptomic biomarkers provide promise for early detection of these acute inflammatory episodes and thereby help prevent permanent neuropathy and disability in leprosy patients.
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49
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Xin F, Mzee SAS, Botwe G, He H, Zhiyu S, Gong C, Said ST, Jixing C. Short-term evaluation of immune levels and nutritional values of EN versus PN in gastric cancer: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:114. [PMID: 31269969 PMCID: PMC6609406 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postsurgical patients' oral feeding begins with clear fluids 1-3 days after surgery. This might not be sufficiently nutritious to boost the host immune system and provide sufficient energy in gastric neoplastic patients to achieve the goal of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Our objective was to analyze the significance of early postoperative feeding tubes in boosting patients' immunity and decreasing incidence of overall complications and hospital stay in gastric cancer patients' post-gastrectomy. METHODS From January 2005 to May 24, 2019, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for studies involving enteral nutrition (EN) feeding tubes in comparison to parenteral nutrition (PN) in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric malignancies. Relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD), or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the effect sizes, and heterogeneity was assessed by using Q and χ2 statistic with their corresponding P values. All the analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3 and SPSS version 22. RESULTS Nine randomized trials (n = 1437) and 5 retrospective studies (n = 421) comparing EN feeding tubes and PN were deemed eligible for the pooled analyses, with a categorized time frame of PODs ≥ 7 and PODs < 7. Ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in EN feeding tubes was the only outcome of PODs < 7, which showed significance (MD 0.22, 95% CI 0.18-0.25, P < 0.00001). Regarding other immune indicators, significant outcomes in favor of EN feeding tubes were measured on POD ≥ 7: CD3+ (SMD 1.71; 95% CI 0.70, 2.72; P = 0.0009), CD4+ (MD 5.84; 95% CI 4.19, 7.50; P < 0.00001), CD4+/CD8+ (MD 0.28; 95% CI 0.20; 0.36, P < 0.00001), NK cells (SMD 0.94; 95% CI 0.54, 1.30; P < 0.00001), nutrition values, albumin (SMD 0.63; 95% CI 0.34, 0.91; P < 0.001), prealbumin (SMD 1.00; 95% CI 0.52, 1.48; P < 0.00001), and overall complications (risk ratio 0.73 M-H; fixed; 95% CI 0.58, 0.92; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION EN feeding tube support is an essential intervention to elevate patients' immunity, depress levels of inflammation, and reduce the risk of complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Enteral nutrition improves the innate immune system and nutrition levels but has no marked significance on certain clinical outcomes. Also, EN reduces the duration of hospital stay and cost, significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xin
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Said Abdulrahman Salim Mzee
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Overseas Education College, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Godwin Botwe
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han He
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Zhiyu
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Gong
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Chen Jixing
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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50
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Granulysin: killer lymphocyte safeguard against microbes. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:19-29. [PMID: 31112765 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary T cell immunodeficiency and HIV-infected patients are plagued by non-viral infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and parasites, suggesting an important and underappreciated role for T lymphocytes in controlling microbes. Here, we review recent studies showing that killer lymphocytes use the antimicrobial cytotoxic granule pore-forming peptide granulysin, induced by microbial exposure, to permeabilize cholesterol-poor microbial membranes and deliver death-inducing granzymes into these pathogens. Granulysin and granzymes cause microptosis, programmed cell death in microbes, by inducing reactive oxygen species and destroying microbial antioxidant defenses and disrupting biosynthetic and central metabolism pathways required for their survival, including protein synthesis, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle.
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