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Hiho SJ, Levvey BJ, Diviney MB, Snell GI, Sullivan LC, Westall GP. Comparison of human leukocyte antigen immunologic risk stratification methods in lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:827-838. [PMID: 37981213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx) remain poor, despite advances in sequencing technology and development of algorithms defining immunologic compatibility. Presently, there is no consensus regarding the best approach to define human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility in LTx. In this study, we compared 5 different HLA compatibility tools in a high-resolution HLA-typed, clinically characterized cohort, to determine which approach predicts outcomes after LTx. In this retrospective single-center study, 277 donor-recipient transplant pairs were HLA-typed using next generation sequencing. HLA compatibility was defined using HLAMatchmaker, HLA epitope mismatch algorithm (HLA-EMMA), predicted indirectly recognizable HLA epitopes (PIRCHE), electrostatic mismatch score (EMS), and amino acid mismatches (AAMMs). Associations with HLA mismatching and survival, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and anti-HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA) were calculated using adjusted Cox proportional modeling. Lower HLA class II mismatching was associated with improved survival as defined by HLAMatchmaker (P < .01), HLA-EMMA (P < .05), PIRCHE (P < .05), EMS (P < .001), and AAMM (P < .01). All approaches demonstrated that HLA-DRB1345 matching was associated with freedom from restrictive allograft syndrome and HLA-DQ matching with reduced DSA development. Reducing the level of HLA mismatching, in T cell or B cell epitopes, electrostatic differences, or amino acid, can improve outcomes after LTx and potentially guide immunosuppression strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Hiho
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn J Levvey
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary B Diviney
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory I Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, South Australian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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MacLachlan BJ, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J, Vivian JP. Structure of the murine CD94-NKG2A receptor in complex with Qa-1 b presenting an MHC-I leader peptide. FEBS J 2024; 291:1530-1544. [PMID: 38158698 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The heterodimeric natural killer cells antigen CD94 (CD94)-NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein (NKG2A) receptor family expressed on human and mouse natural killer (NK) cells monitors global major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cell surface expression levels through binding to MHC class Ia-derived leader sequence peptides presented by HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E; in humans) or H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, D-37 (Qa-1b; in mice). Although the molecular basis underpinning human CD94-NKG2A recognition of HLA-E is known, the equivalent interaction in the murine setting is not. By determining the high-resolution crystal structure of murine CD94-NKG2A in complex with Qa-1b presenting the Qa-1 determinant modifier peptide (QDM), we resolved the mode of binding. Compared to the human homologue, the murine CD94-NKG2A-Qa-1b-QDM displayed alterations in the distribution of interactions across CD94 and NKG2A subunits that coincide with differences in electrostatic complementarity of the ternary complex and the lack of cross-species reactivity. Nevertheless, we show that Qa-1b could be modified through W65R + N73I mutations to mimic HLA-E, facilitating binding with both human and murine CD94-NKG2A. These data underscore human and murine CD94-NKG2A cross-species heterogeneity and provide a foundation for humanising Qa-1b in immune system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J MacLachlan
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Jalali S, Stankovic S, Westall GP, Reading PC, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG. Examining the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101962. [PMID: 38007172 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human natural killer (NK) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells may impact outcomes of solid organ transplantation (SOT) such as lung transplantation (LTx) following the differential engagement of an array of activating and inhibitory receptors. Amongst these, CD16 may be particularly important due to its capacity to bind IgG to trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. While the use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) is an integral component of SOT practice, their relative impact on various immune cells, especially γδT cells and CD16-induced functional responses, is still unclear. METHODS The ADCC responses of peripheral blood NK cells and γδT cells from both healthy blood donors and adult lung transplant recipients (LTRs) were assessed by flow cytometry. Specifically, the degranulation response, as reflected in the expression of CD107a, and the capacity of both NK cells and γδT cells to produce IFN-γ and TNF-α was assessed following rituximab (RTX)-induced activation. Additionally, the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (TAC), prednisolone (Prdl) and azathioprine (AZA) at the concentration of 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1000 ng/ml on these responses was also compared in both cell types. RESULTS Flow cytometric analyses of CD16 expresion showed that its expression on γδT cells was both at lower levels and more variable than that on peripheral blood NK cells. Nevertheless functional analyses showed that despite these differences, γδT cells like NK cells can be readily activated by engagement with RTX to degranulate and produce cytokines such as IFNg and TNF-a. RTX-induced degranulation by either NK cells or γδT cells from healthy donors was not impacted by co-culture with individual ISDs. However, CsA and TAC but not Prdl and AZA did inhibit the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by both cell types. Flow cytometric analyses of RTX-induced activation of NK cells and γδT cells from LTRs suggested their capacity to degranulate was not markedly impacted by transplantation with similar levels of cells expressing CD107 pre- and post-LTx. However an impairment in the ability of NK cells to produce cytokines was observed in samples obtained post LTx whereas γδT cell cytokine responses were not significantly impacted. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings show that despite differences in the expression levels of CD16, γδT cells like NK cells can be readily activated by engagement with RTX and that in vitro exposure to CsA and TAC (calcineurin inhibitors) had a measurable effect on cytokine production but not degranulation by both NK cells and gdT cells from healthy donors. Finally the observation that in PBMC obtained from LTx recipients, NK cells but not γδT cells exhibited impaired cytokine reponses suggests that transplantation or chronic exposure to ISDs differentially impacts their potential to respond to the introduction of an allograft and/or transplant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Jalali
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Li J, Gardiner BJ, Stankovic S, Oates CVL, Cristiano Y, Levvey BJ, Brooks AG, Snell GI, Westall GP, Sullivan LC. Cytomegalovirus Immunity Assays Predict Viremia but not Replication Within the Lung Allograft. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1501. [PMID: 37313314 PMCID: PMC10259634 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Current guidelines use pretransplant donor and recipient CMV serostatus to predict the risk of subsequent CMV replication and length of antiviral prophylaxis. Immunological monitoring may better inform the risk of CMV infection in patients, thereby allowing for improved tailoring of antiviral prophylaxis. In this study, we compared 2 commercially available assays, the QuantiFERON-CMV (QFN-CMV) and T-Track-CMV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay), to predict the risk of CMV disease in lung transplant recipients. Methods We performed CMV immunity assays on 32 lung transplant recipients at risk of CMV disease as defined by serostatus (CMV-seropositive recipients, n = 26; or CMV-seronegative lung transplant recipient receiving a CMV-seropositive donor organ, n = 6). QFN-CMV and T-Track were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and episodes of CMV replication in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage were found to be correlated to the CMV immune assays. The predictive ability of the assays was determined using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results There was a degree of concordance between tests, with 44% of recipients positive for both tests and 28% negative for both tests; however, test results were discordant in 28% of cases. A negative result in either the QFN-CMV (P < 0.01) or T-Track (P < 0.05) assays was obtained in a significantly higher number of recipients who experienced CMV replication in the blood. Using these assays together gave higher predictability of CMV replication, with only 1 recipient experiencing CMV replication in the blood who obtained a positive test result for both assays. Neither assay was able to predict recipients who experienced CMV replication in the lung allograft. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that CMV immunity assays can predict viremia; however, the lack of association with allograft infection suggests that CMV-specific T-cell immunity in the circulation is not associated with the control of CMV replication within the transplanted lung allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Clare V. L. Oates
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yvonne Cristiano
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J. Levvey
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Gregory I. Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Glen P. Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lucy C. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Souter MN, Awad W, Li S, Pediongco TJ, Meehan BS, Meehan LJ, Tian Z, Zhao Z, Wang H, Nelson A, Le Nours J, Khandokar Y, Praveena T, Wubben J, Lin J, Sullivan LC, Lovrecz GO, Mak JY, Liu L, Kostenko L, Kedzierska K, Corbett AJ, Fairlie DP, Brooks AG, Gherardin NA, Uldrich AP, Chen Z, Rossjohn J, Godfrey DI, McCluskey J, Pellicci DG, Eckle SB. CD8 coreceptor engagement of MR1 enhances antigen responsiveness by human MAIT and other MR1-reactive T cells. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213423. [PMID: 36018322 PMCID: PMC9424912 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells detect microbial infection via recognition of riboflavin-based antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-related protein 1 (MR1). Most MAIT cells in human peripheral blood express CD8αα or CD8αβ coreceptors, and the binding site for CD8 on MHC-I molecules is relatively conserved in MR1. Yet, there is no direct evidence of CD8 interacting with MR1 or the functional consequences thereof. Similarly, the role of CD8αα in lymphocyte function remains ill-defined. Here, using newly developed MR1 tetramers, mutated at the CD8 binding site, and by determining the crystal structure of MR1-CD8αα, we show that CD8 engaged MR1, analogous to how it engages MHC-I molecules. CD8αα and CD8αβ enhanced MR1 binding and cytokine production by MAIT cells. Moreover, the CD8-MR1 interaction was critical for the recognition of folate-derived antigens by other MR1-reactive T cells. Together, our findings suggest that both CD8αα and CD8αβ act as functional coreceptors for MAIT and other MR1-reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N.T. Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wael Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Troi J. Pediongco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S. Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy J. Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zehua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yogesh Khandokar
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T. Praveena
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacinta Wubben
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy C. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George O. Lovrecz
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y.W. Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lyudmila Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam P. Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sidonia B.G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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Shekarkar Azgomi M, La Manna MP, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Di Carlo P, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Permanent Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen E-restricted CD8 + T Stem Memory Cells in Human Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:127-131. [PMID: 35776493 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0311le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hiho SJ, Levvey B, Carroll R, Nicolson I, Mihaljcic M, Diviney MB, Snell GI, Sullivan LC, Westall GP. The clinical utility and thresholds of Virtual and Halifaster Flow crossmatches in lung transplantation. HLA 2022; 99:580-589. [PMID: 35340124 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune sensitization, defined as the presence of alloreactive donor-specific antibodies (DSA), is associated with increased wait-times and inferior transplant outcomes. Identifying pre-transplant DSA with a physical cell-based assay is critical in defining immunological risk. However, improved solid phase antibody detection has provided the potential to forgo this physical assay. Here, we evaluated the association between DSA mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the recently introduced Halifaster Flow cytometry crossmatch (FXM) to determine if MFI could predict the outcome of FXM and whether a virtual crossmatch (VXM) would provide an accurate risk assessment. METHODS Sera from 134 waitlisted lung patients was retrospectively assessed by Halifaster FXM against lymphocytes preparations from 32 donors, resulting in 265 FXMs. HLA typing was performed to 2-field allelic level and Luminex single antigen beads (SAB) used to identify DSA. The association between FXM and Luminex MFI was calculated using ROC analysis. MFI threshold accuracy was confirmed using a separate validation cohort (174 recipient sera and 34 donors), whereby both virtual crossmatch (VXM) and FXMs were compared. RESULTS From the 265 FXM performed, 48 (18%) T-cell (TFXM) and 56 (21%) B-cell (BFXM) were positive. In the evaluation cohort, MFI thresholds of 2000 for HLA-A, B, DRB1 and >4000 for DQB1, were predictive of a positive FXM. The validation cohort of 233 paired FXM and VXM confirmed these MFI thresholds for both TFXM and BFXM with an accuracy of 91.4% and 89.3% respectively. CONCLUSION A positive VXM, defined with HLA-specific MFI thresholds predicts Halifaster FXM reactivity, and can potentially expedite organ allocation, by minimising the need for the more time-consuming flow cytometry crossmatch. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Hiho
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Levvey
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Carroll
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Melbourne, Australia.,Medical Sciences University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Nicolson
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Masa Mihaljcic
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary B Diviney
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory I Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia.,Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, South Australian Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Abbott RC, Verdon DJ, Gracey FM, Hughes-Parry HE, Iliopoulos M, Watson KA, Mulazzani M, Luong K, D'Arcy C, Sullivan LC, Kiefel BR, Cross RS, Jenkins MR. Erratum: Novel high-affinity EGFRvIII-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells effectively eliminate human glioblastoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1317. [PMID: 34295472 PMCID: PMC8286879 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abbott RC, Verdon DJ, Gracey FM, Hughes-Parry HE, Iliopoulos M, Watson KA, Mulazzani M, Luong K, D'Arcy C, Sullivan LC, Kiefel BR, Cross RS, Jenkins MR. Novel high-affinity EGFRvIII-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells effectively eliminate human glioblastoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1283. [PMID: 33976881 PMCID: PMC8106904 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The increasing success of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in haematological malignancies is reinvigorating its application in many other cancer types and with renewed focus on its application to solid tumors. We present a novel CAR against glioblastoma, an aggressive, malignant glioma, with a dismal survival rate for which treatment options have remained unchanged for over a decade. Methods We use the human Retained Display (ReD) antibody platform (Myrio Therapeutics) to identify a novel single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) that recognises epidermal growth factor receptor mutant variant III (EGFRvIII), a common and tumor‐specific mutation found in glioblastoma. We use both in vitro functional assays and an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model of glioblastoma to examine the function of our novel CAR, called GCT02, targeted using murine CAR T cells. Results Our EGFRvIII‐specific scFv was found to be of much higher affinity than reported comparators reverse‐engineered from monoclonal antibodies. Despite the higher affinity, GCT02 CAR T cells kill equivalently but secrete lower amounts of cytokine. In addition, GCT02‐CAR T cells also mediate rapid and complete tumor elimination in vivo. Conclusion We present a novel EGFRvIII‐specific CAR, with effective antitumor functions both in in vitro and in a xenograft model of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Abbott
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Daniel J Verdon
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | - Hannah E Hughes-Parry
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Melinda Iliopoulos
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Katherine A Watson
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Matthias Mulazzani
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Kylie Luong
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Colleen D'Arcy
- Department of Anatomical Pathology Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | - Ryan S Cross
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia.,Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia
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10
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Sullivan LC, Nguyen THO, Harpur CM, Stankovic S, Kanagarajah AR, Koutsakos M, Saunders PM, Cai Z, Gray JA, Widjaja JML, Lin J, Pietra G, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Samir J, Luciani F, Westall GP, Malmberg KJ, Kedzierska K, Brooks AG. Natural killer cell receptors regulate responses of HLA-E-restricted T cells. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe9057. [PMID: 33893172 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can stimulate robust human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses. These T cells recognize a peptide from UL40, which differs by as little as a single methyl group from self-peptides that also bind HLA-E, challenging their capacity to avoid self-reactivity. Unexpectedly, we showed that the UL40/HLA-E T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire included TCRs that had high affinities for HLA-E/self-peptide. However, paradoxically, lower cytokine responses were observed from UL40/HLA-E T cells bearing TCRs with high affinity for HLA-E. RNA sequencing and flow cytometric analysis revealed that these T cells were marked by the expression of inhibitory natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2/L3. On the other hand, UL40/HLA-E T cells bearing lower-affinity TCRs expressed the activating receptor NKG2C. Activation of T cells bearing higher-affinity TCRs was regulated by the interaction between KIR2D receptors and HLA-C. These findings identify a role for NKR signaling in regulating self/non-self discrimination by HLA-E-restricted T cells, allowing for antiviral responses while avoiding contemporaneous self-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher M Harpur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Abbie R Kanagarajah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James A Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M L Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES). University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES). University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Jerome Samir
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Karl J Malmberg
- KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0318, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0310, Norway
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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11
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Nguyen TH, McAuley JL, Kim Y, Zheng MZ, Gherardin NA, Godfrey DI, Purcell DF, Sullivan LC, Westall GP, Reading PC, Kedzierska K, Wakim LM. Influenza, but not SARS-CoV-2, infection induces a rapid interferon response that wanes with age and diminished tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1242. [PMID: 33532071 PMCID: PMC7837404 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Older individuals exhibit a diminished ability to respond to and clear respiratory pathogens and, as such, experience a higher rate of lung infections with a higher mortality rate. It is unclear why respiratory pathogens impact older people disproportionately. Using human lung tissue from donors aged 22-68 years, we assessed how the immune cell landscape in lungs changes throughout life and investigated how these immune cells respond following in vitro exposure to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, two clinically relevant respiratory viruses. While the frequency of most immune cell subsets profiled in the human lung remained stable with age, memory CD8+ T cells declined, with the tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T-cell subset being most susceptible to age-associated attrition. Infection of lung tissue with influenza virus resulted in an age-associated attenuation in the antiviral immune response, with aged donors producing less type I interferon (IFN), GM-CSF and IFNγ, the latter correlated with a reduction of IFNγ-producing memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast, irrespective of donor age, exposure of human lung cells to SARS-CoV-2, a pathogen for which all donors were immunologically naïve, did not trigger activation of local immune cells and did not result in the induction of an early IFN response. Our findings show that the attrition of tissue-bound pathogen-specific Trm in the lung that occurs with advanced age, or their absence in immunologically naïve individuals, results in a diminished early antiviral immune response which creates a window of opportunity for respiratory pathogens to gain a greater foothold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ho Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Julie L McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Youry Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Ming Zm Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Damian Fj Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Lung Transplant Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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12
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Gardiner BJ, Lee SJ, Cristiano Y, Levvey BJ, Sullivan LC, Snell GI, Peleg AY, Westall GP. Evaluation of Quantiferon®-Monitor as a biomarker of immunosuppression and predictor of infection in lung transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13550. [PMID: 33351991 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimizing immunosuppression in lung transplant recipients (LTR) is crucially important in minimizing the risk of infection and rejection. Quantiferon®-Monitor (QFM) is a candidate immune function biomarker which has not yet been rigorously evaluated in the lung transplant setting. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore relationships between QFM results, immunosuppression, and infection/rejection in LTR. METHODS QFM, which measures interferon-γ after stimulation with innate and adaptive immune antigens, was tested before and at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks post-transplant. Immunosuppression relationships were assessed with linear mixed effects models. Clinical outcomes were analyzed based on the preceding QFM result. RESULTS Eighty LTR were included. Median pre-transplant QFM levels were 171 IU/mL (IQR 45-461), decreasing to 3 IU/mL (IQR 1-8) at 2 weeks post-transplant then progressively recovering toward baseline with time from transplant. Prednisolone was strongly inversely associated with QFM level (0.1 mg/kg dose increase correlating with 88 IU/mL QFM decrease, 95% CI 61-114, P < .001). Patients with QFM values <10 and <60 IU/mL were more likely to develop a serious opportunistic infection between 3 and 6 months (HR 6.38, 95% CI 1.37-29.66, P = .02) and 6-12 months (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.11-9.49, P = .03) post-transplant, respectively. CONCLUSIONS QFM values declined significantly post-transplant, with patients recovering at different rates. Prednisolone dose significantly impacted QFM results. Low levels were associated with infection beyond 3 months post-transplant, suggesting that QFM may be able to identify overly immunosuppressed patients who could be targeted for dose reduction. Larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate this promising assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Gardiner
- Department of Infectious Disease, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue J Lee
- Department of Infectious Disease, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yvonne Cristiano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Lung Transplantation, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Levvey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Lung Transplantation, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Lung Transplantation, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory I Snell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Lung Transplantation, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Disease, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Lung Transplantation, Alfred Health and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Caccamo N, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Dieli F. Harnessing HLA-E-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy of patients with severe COVID-19. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:e185-e187. [PMID: 32480418 PMCID: PMC7301003 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Prezzemolo T, Di Carlo P, Cascio A, Delogu G, Poli G, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Dieli F, Caccamo N. HLA-E-restricted CD8 + T Lymphocytes Efficiently Control Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1 Coinfection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:430-439. [PMID: 31697586 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0261oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2) and HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) coinfection. HIV-1 downregulates HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules in infected cells, thus influencing recognition by HLA class I-restricted CD8+ T cells but not by HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells, owing to the inability of the virus to downmodulate their expression. Therefore, antigen-specific HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells could play a protective role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1 coinfection. HLA-E- and HLA-A2-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells were tested in vitro for cytotoxic and microbicidal activities, and their frequencies and phenotypes were evaluated ex vivo in patients with active tuberculosis and concomitant HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection caused downmodulation of HLA-A2 expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages associated with resistance to lysis by HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cells and failure to restrict the growth of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conversely, HLA-E surface expression and HLA-E-restricted cytolytic and microbicidal CD8 responses were not affected. HLA-E-restricted and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells were expanded in the circulation of patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV-1 coinfection, as measured by tetramer staining, but displayed a terminally differentiated and exhausted phenotype that was rescued in vitro by anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) monoclonal antibody. Together, these results indicate that HLA-E-restricted and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV-1 coinfection have an exhausted phenotype and fail to expand in vitro in response to antigen stimulation, which can be restored by blocking the PD-1 pathway using the specific monoclonal antibody nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Teresa Prezzemolo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Foundation Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Institute for Scientific-based Care and Research (IRCCS) Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milano, Italy; and
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, and
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15
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Sullivan LC, Shaw EM, Stankovic S, Snell GI, Brooks AG, Westall GP. The complex existence of γδ T cells following transplantation: the good, the bad and the simply confusing. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1078. [PMID: 31548887 PMCID: PMC6748302 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a highly heterogeneous population of lymphocytes that exhibit innate and adaptive immune properties. Despite comprising the majority of residing lymphocytes in many organs, the role of γδ T cells in transplantation outcomes is under‐researched. γδ T cells can recognise a diverse array of ligands and exert disparate effector functions. As such, they may potentially contribute to both allograft acceptance and rejection, as well as impacting on infection and post‐transplant malignancy. Here, we review the current literature on the role and function of γδ T cells following solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia.,Lung Transplant Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Evangeline M Shaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Gregory I Snell
- Lung Transplant Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service The Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
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16
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Harpur CM, Stankovic S, Kanagarajah A, Widjaja JM, Levvey BJ, Cristiano Y, Snell GI, Brooks AG, Westall GP, Sullivan LC. Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-induced NKG2C+ Natural Killer Cells in the Lung Allograft. Transplantation 2019; 103:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kummrow M, Hiho S, Hudson F, Cantwell L, Mulley WR, D'Orsogna L, Testro A, Pavlovic J, MacDonald P, Sullivan LC, Snell GI, Westall GP. Transfer of donor anti-HLA antibody expression to multiple transplant recipients: A potential variant of the passenger lymphocyte syndrome? Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1577-1581. [PMID: 30653828 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection, whereby transplant recipient B cells and/or plasma cells produce alloreactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, negatively influences transplant outcomes and is a major contributor to graft loss. An early humoral immune response is suggested by the production of anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) that can be measured using solid phase assays. We report the early posttransplant coexistence of a shared anti-HLA antibody profile in 5 solid organ transplant recipients who received organs from the same donor. Retrospective analysis of the donor's serum confirmed the presence of the same anti-HLA profile, suggesting the transfer of donor-derived anti-HLA antibodies, or the cells that produce them, to multiple solid organ transplant recipients. The time frame and extent of transfer suggest a novel variant of the passenger lymphocyte syndrome. These findings have important implications for the consideration of all posttransplant antibody measurements, particularly the interpretation of non-DSAs in the sera of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kummrow
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Hiho
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Hudson
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Cantwell
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Mulley
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lloyd D'Orsogna
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Testro
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Pavlovic
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter MacDonald
- Heart Transplant Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory I Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, Matsumoto A, McMullen JR, Eckle SB, Bertolino P, Sullivan LC, Andrews DM. Multiple receptors converge on H2-Q10 to regulate NK and γδT-cell development. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:326-339. [PMID: 30537346 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Class Ib major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an extended family of molecules, which demonstrate tissue-specific expression and presentation of monomorphic antigens. These characteristics tend to imbue class Ib MHC with unique functions. H2-Q10 is potentially one such molecule that is overexpressed in the liver but its immunological function is not known. We have previously shown that H2-Q10 is a ligand for the natural killer cell receptor Ly49C and now, using H2-Q10-deficient mice, we demonstrate that H2-Q10 can also stabilize the expression of Qa-1b. In the absence of H2-Q10, the development and maturation of conventional hepatic natural killer cells is disrupted. We also provide evidence that H2-Q10 is a new high affinity ligand for CD8αα and controls the development of liver-resident CD8αα γδT cells. These data demonstrate that H2-Q10 has multiple roles in the development of immune subsets and identify an overlap of recognition within the class Ib MHC that is likely to be relevant to the regulation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aya Matsumoto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sidonia B Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology program Centenary Institute, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Shi L, Li K, Guo Y, Banerjee A, Wang Q, Lorenz UM, Parlak M, Sullivan LC, Onyema OO, Arefanian S, Stelow EB, Brautigan DL, Bullock TNJ, Brown MG, Krupnick AS. Modulation of NKG2D, NKp46, and Ly49C/I facilitates natural killer cell-mediated control of lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11808-11813. [PMID: 30381460 PMCID: PMC6243255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804931115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in controlling malignancies. Susceptibility or resistance to lung cancer, for example, specifically depends on NK cell function. Nevertheless, intrinsic factors that control NK cell-mediated clearance of lung cancer are unknown. Here we report that NK cells exposed to exogenous major histocompatibility class I (MHCI) provide a significant immunologic barrier to the growth and progression of malignancy. Clearance of lung cancer is facilitated by up-regulation of NKG2D, NKp46, and other activating receptors upon exposure to environmental MHCI. Surface expression of the inhibitory receptor Ly49C/I, on the other hand, is down-regulated upon exposure to tumor-bearing tissue. We thus demonstrate that NK cells exhibit dynamic plasticity in surface expression of both activating and inhibitory receptors based on the environmental context. Our data suggest that altering the activation state of NK cells may contribute to immunologic control of lung and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Mahmut Parlak
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Oscar Okwudiri Onyema
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Saeed Arefanian
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 43110
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - David L Brautigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Timothy N J Bullock
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Michael G Brown
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Alexander Sasha Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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20
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Walton DC, Cantwell L, Hiho S, Ta J, Wright S, Sullivan LC, Snell GI, Westall GP. HLA class II Eplet mismatch predicts De Novo DSA formation post lung transplant. Transpl Immunol 2018; 51:73-75. [PMID: 30321645 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of algorithms such as HLAMatchmaker to redefine donor-recipient HLA matching is gaining increasing attention. Our research has previously demonstrated that higher HLA class II eplet mismatches correlated with the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). In this study of lung transplant recipients we prospectively examined the association between donor-recipient HLA eplet mismatches as defined by HLAMatchmaker (version 2.1) and de-novo anti-HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation, as assessed by single antigen-bead solid phase assay. HLA class II eplet mismatch, when split at the median for the cohort, predicted the development of de-novo HLA class II DSA at 3 months but not at 12 months. Having previously shown that high HLA class II eplet mismatches was associated with CLAD, we now show that the same factors are associated with de-novo HLA class II DSA post-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C Walton
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Cantwell
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Hiho
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Ta
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Wright
- Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Greg I Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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Heatley SL, Mullighan CG, Doherty K, Danner S, O'Connor GM, Hahn U, Szer J, Schwarer A, Bradstock K, Sullivan LC, Bardy PG, Brooks AG. Activating KIR Haplotype Influences Clinical Outcome Following HLA-Matched Sibling Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. HLA 2018; 92:74-82. [PMID: 29943500 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells are thought to influence the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), impacting on relapse, overall survival, graft versus host disease and the control of infection, in part through the complex interplay between the large and genetically diverse killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family and their ligands. This study examined the relationship between KIR gene content and clinical outcomes including the control of opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus in the setting of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling HSCT in an Australian cohort. The presence of the KIR B haplotype which contain more activating receptors in the donor, in particular centromeric B haplotype genes (Cen-B), was associated with improved overall survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing sibling HSCT and receiving myeloablative conditioning. Donor Cen-B haplotype was also associated with reduced acute graft versus host disease grades II-IV whereas donor telomeric-B haplotype was associated with decreased incidence of CMV reactivation. In contrast, we were not able to demonstrate a reduced rate of relapse when the donor had KIR Cen-B, however relapse with a donor Cen-A haplotype was a competing risk factor to poor overall survival. Here we show that the presence of donor activating KIR led to improved outcome for the patient, potentially through reduced relapse rates and decreased incidence of acute GvHD translating to improved overall survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Heatley
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C G Mullighan
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K Doherty
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Danner
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G M O'Connor
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - U Hahn
- Royal Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Szer
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A Schwarer
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | - L C Sullivan
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - P G Bardy
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A G Brooks
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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22
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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, Sullivan LC, Andrews DM. The expanding role of murine class Ib MHC in the development and activation of Natural Killer cells. Mol Immunol 2018; 115:31-38. [PMID: 29789149 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex-I (MHC-I) molecules can be divided into class Ia and class Ib, with three distinct class Ib families found in the mouse. These families are designated as Q, T and M and are largely unexplored in terms of their immunological function. Among the class Ib MHC, H2-T23 (Qa-1b) has been a significant target for Natural Killer (NK) cell research, owing to its homology with the human class Ib human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E. However, recent data has indicated that members of the Q and M family of class Ib MHC also play a critical role in the development and regulation NK cells. Here we discuss the recent advances in the control of NK cells by murine class Ib MHC as a means to stimulate further exploration of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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23
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Sullivan LC, Walpole NG, Farenc C, Pietra G, Sum MJW, Clements CS, Lee EJ, Beddoe T, Falco M, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Gras S, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. A conserved energetic footprint underpins recognition of human leukocyte antigen-E by two distinct αβ T cell receptors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21149-21158. [PMID: 28972140 PMCID: PMC5743087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) interact with peptides bound to the polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class Ia (MHC-Ia) and class II (MHC-II) molecules as well as the essentially monomorphic MHC class Ib (MHC-Ib) molecules. Although there is a large amount of information on how TCRs engage with MHC-Ia and MHC-II, our understanding of TCR/MHC-Ib interactions is very limited. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) can elicit a CD8+ T cell response restricted by the human MHC-Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and specific for an epitope from UL40 (VMAPRTLIL), which is characterized by biased TRBV14 gene usage. Here we describe an HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell able to recognize an allotypic variant of the UL40 peptide with a modification at position 8 (P8) of the peptide (VMAPRTLVL) that uses the TRBV9 gene segment. We report the structures of a TRBV9+ TCR in complex with the HLA-E molecule presenting the two peptides. Our data revealed that the TRBV9+ TCR adopts a different docking mode and molecular footprint atop HLA-E when compared with the TRBV14+ TCR-HLA-E ternary complex. Additionally, despite their differing V gene segment usage and different docking mechanisms, mutational analyses showed that the TCRs shared a conserved energetic footprint on the HLA-E molecule, focused around the peptide-binding groove. Hence, we provide new insights into how monomorphic MHC molecules interact with T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells
- Conserved Sequence
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Energy Metabolism
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Walpole
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Carine Farenc
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthew J W Sum
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Craig S Clements
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Eleanor J Lee
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Michela Falco
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Roma, Italy, and
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Roma, Italy, and
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia,
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24
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Joosten SA, Sullivan LC, Ottenhoff THM. Characteristics of HLA-E Restricted T-Cell Responses and Their Role in Infectious Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2695396. [PMID: 27699181 PMCID: PMC5028793 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2695396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human HLA-E can, in addition to self-antigens, also present pathogen-derived sequences, which elicit specific T-cell responses. T-cells recognize their antigen presented by HLA-E highly specifically and have unique functional and phenotypical properties. Pathogen specific HLA-E restricted CD8+ T-cells are an interesting new player in the field of immunology. Future work should address their exact roles and relative contributions in the immune response against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lucy C. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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25
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Sullivan LC, Berry R, Sosnin N, Widjaja JML, Deuss FA, Balaji GR, LaGruta NL, Mirams M, Trapani JA, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG, Andrews DM. Recognition of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class Ib Molecule H2-Q10 by the Natural Killer Cell Receptor Ly49C. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18740-52. [PMID: 27385590 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine natural killer (NK) cells are regulated by the interaction of Ly49 receptors with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I). Although the ligands for inhibitory Ly49 were considered to be restricted to classical MHC (MHC-Ia), we have shown that the non-classical MHC molecule (MHC-Ib) H2-M3 was a ligand for the inhibitory Ly49A. Here we establish that another MHC-Ib, H2-Q10, is a bona fide ligand for the inhibitory Ly49C receptor. H2-Q10 bound to Ly49C with a marginally lower affinity (∼5 μm) than that observed between Ly49C and MHC-Ia (H-2K(b)/H-2D(d), both ∼1 μm), and this recognition could be prevented by cis interactions with H-2K in situ To understand the molecular details underpinning Ly49·MHC-Ib recognition, we determined the crystal structures of H2-Q10 and Ly49C bound H2-Q10. Unliganded H2-Q10 adopted a classical MHC-I fold and possessed a peptide-binding groove that exhibited features similar to those found in MHC-Ia, explaining the diverse peptide binding repertoire of H2-Q10. Ly49C bound to H2-Q10 underneath the peptide binding platform to a region that encompassed residues from the α1, α2, and α3 domains, as well as the associated β2-microglobulin subunit. This docking mode was conserved with that previously observed for Ly49C·H-2K(b) Indeed, structure-guided mutation of Ly49C indicated that Ly49C·H2-Q10 and Ly49C·H-2K(b) possess similar energetic footprints focused around residues located within the Ly49C β4-stand and L5 loop, which contact the underside of the peptide-binding platform floor. Our data provide a structural basis for Ly49·MHC-Ib recognition and demonstrate that MHC-Ib represent an extended family of ligands for Ly49 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Berry
- the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Natasha Sosnin
- the Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M L Widjaja
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Felix A Deuss
- the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gautham R Balaji
- the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicole L LaGruta
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michiko Mirams
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- the Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia,
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- the Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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26
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Saunders PM, Vivian JP, O'Connor GM, Sullivan LC, Pymm P, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. A bird's eye view of NK cell receptor interactions with their MHC class I ligands. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:148-66. [PMID: 26284476 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surveillance of target cells by natural killer (NK) cells utilizes an ensemble of inhibitory and activating receptors, many of which interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. NK cell recognition of MHC class I proteins is important developmentally for the acquisition of full NK cell effector capacity and during target cell recognition, where the engagement of inhibitory receptors and MHC class I molecules attenuates NK cell activation. Human NK cells have evolved two broad strategies for recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules: (i) direct recognition of polymorphic classical HLA class I proteins by diverse receptor families such as the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), and (ii) indirect recognition of conserved sets of HLA class I-derived peptides displayed on the non-classical HLA-E for recognition by CD94-NKG2 receptors. In this review, we assess the structural basis for the interaction between these NK receptors and their HLA class I ligands and, using the suite of published KIR and CD94-NKG2 ternary complexes, highlight the features that allow NK cells to orchestrate the recognition of a range of different HLA class I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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27
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Sullivan LC, Westall GP, Widjaja JML, Mifsud NA, Nguyen THO, Meehan AC, Kotsimbos TC, Brooks AG. The Presence of HLA-E-Restricted, CMV-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Blood of Lung Transplant Recipients Correlates with Chronic Allograft Rejection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135972. [PMID: 26302084 PMCID: PMC4547726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immune evasion protein, UL40, shares an identical peptide sequence with that found in the leader sequence of many human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C alleles and when complexed with HLA-E, can modulate NK cell functions via interactions with the CD94-NKG2 receptors. However the UL40-derived sequence can also be immunogenic, eliciting robust CD8+ T cell responses. In the setting of solid organ transplantation these T cells may not only be involved in antiviral immunity but also can potentially contribute to allograft rejection when the UL40 epitope is also present in allograft-encoded HLA. Here we assessed 15 bilateral lung transplant recipients for the presence of HLA-E-restricted UL40 specific T cells by tetramer staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). UL40-specific T cells were observed in 7 patients post-transplant however the magnitude of the response varied significantly between patients. Moreover, unlike healthy CMV seropositive individuals, longitudinal analyses revealed that proportions of such T cells fluctuated markedly. Nine patients experienced low-grade acute cellular rejection, of which 6 also demonstrated UL40-specific T cells. Furthermore, the presence of UL40-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood was significantly associated with allograft dysfunction, which manifested as Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS). Therefore, this study suggests that minor histocompatibility antigens presented by HLA-E can represent an additional risk factor following lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P. Westall
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. L. Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Mifsud
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi H. O. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aislin C. Meehan
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom C. Kotsimbos
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Caccamo N, Pietra G, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Prezzemolo T, La Manna MP, Di Liberto D, Joosten SA, van Meijgaarden KE, Di Carlo P, Titone L, Moretta L, Mingari MC, Ottenhoff THM, Dieli F. Human CD8 T lymphocytes recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens presented by HLA-E during active tuberculosis and express type 2 cytokines. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1069-81. [PMID: 25631937 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8 T cells contribute to protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In humans, M. tuberculosis reactive CD8 T cells typically recognize peptides associated to classical MHC class Ia molecules, but little information is available on CD8 T cells recognizing M. tuberculosis Ags presented by nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules. We show here that CD8 T cells from tuberculosis (TB) patients recognize HLA-E-binding M. tuberculosis peptides in a CD3/TCR αβ mediated and CD8-dependent manner, and represent an additional type of effector cells playing a role in immune response to M. tuberculosis during active infection. HLA-E-restricted recognition of M. tuberculosis peptides is detectable by a significant enhanced ex vivo frequency of tetramer-specific circulating CD8 T cells during active TB. These CD8 T cells produce type 2 cytokines upon antigenic in vitro stimulation, help B cells for Ab production, and mediate limited TRAIL-dependent cytolytic and microbicidal activity toward M. tuberculosis infected target cells. Our results, together with the finding that HLA-E/M. tuberculosis peptide specific CD8 T cells are detected in TB patients with or without HIV coinfection, suggest that this is a new human T-cell population that participates in immune response in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnostic and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Palermo, Italy
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Li J, Ahmet F, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Kent SJ, De Rose R, Salazar AM, Reis e Sousa C, Shortman K, Lahoud MH, Heath WR, Caminschi I. Antibodies targeting Clec9A promote strong humoral immunity without adjuvant in mice and non-human primates. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:854-64. [PMID: 25487143 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Targeting antigens to dendritic cell (DC) surface receptors using antibodies has been successfully used to generate strong immune responses and is currently in clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. Whilst cancer immunotherapy focuses on the induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses, many successful vaccines to pathogens or their toxins utilize humoral immunity as the primary effector mechanism. Universally, these approaches have used adjuvants or pathogen material that augment humoral responses. However, adjuvants are associated with safety issues. One approach, successfully used in the mouse, to generate strong humoral responses in the absence of adjuvant is to target antigen to Clec9A, also known as DNGR-1, a receptor on CD8α(+) DCs. Here, we address two issues relating to clinical application. First, we address the issue of variable adjuvant-dependence for different antibodies targeting mouse Clec9A. We show that multiple sites on Clec9A can be successfully targeted, but that strong in vivo binding and provision of suitable helper T cell determinants was essential for efficacy. Second, we show that induction of humoral immunity to CLEC9A-targeted antigens is extremely effective in nonhuman primates, in an adjuvant-free setting. Our findings support extending this vaccination approach to humans and offer important insights into targeting design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Li
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Smyth MJ, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Andrews DM. Non-classical MHC Class I molecules regulating natural killer cell function. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23336. [PMID: 23802076 PMCID: PMC3661161 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells possess effector and immunoregulatory functions that are controlled by a myriad of receptor-ligand pairs, including human killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) and mouse Ly49-MHC class I interactions. We have recently shown that the NK cell inhibitory molecule Ly49A binds the non-classical MHC molecule H2-M3, thus regulating host innate immune responses to tumor initiation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Smyth
- Cancer Immunology Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
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31
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Clarke WP, Chavera TA, Silva M, Sullivan LC, Berg KA. Signalling profile differences: paliperidone versus risperidone. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:532-45. [PMID: 23826915 PMCID: PMC3791992 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Paliperidone is an active metabolite of the second-generation atypical antipsychotic, risperidone recently approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Because paliperidone differs from risperidone by only a single hydroxyl group, questions have been raised as to whether there are significant differences in the effects elicited between these two drugs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We compared the relative efficacies of paliperidone versus risperidone to regulate several cellular signalling pathways coupled to four selected GPCR targets that are important for either therapeutic or adverse effects: human dopamine D2 , human serotonin 2A receptor subtype (5-HT2A ), human serotonin 2C receptor subtype and human histamine H1 receptors. KEY RESULTS Whereas the relative efficacies of paliperidone and risperidone were the same for some responses, significant differences were found for several receptor-signalling systems, with paliperidone having greater or less relative efficacy than risperidone depending upon the receptor-response pair. Interestingly, for 5-HT2A -mediated recruitment of β-arrestin, 5-HT2A -mediated sensitization of ERK, and dopamine D2 -mediated sensitization of adenylyl cyclase signalling, both paliperidone and risperidone behaved as agonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the single hydroxyl group of paliperidone promotes receptor conformations that can differ from those of risperidone leading to differences in the spectrum of regulation of cellular signal transduction cascades. Such differences in signalling at the cellular level could lead to differences between paliperidone and risperidone in therapeutic efficacy or in the generation of adverse effects.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/chemistry
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Arrestins/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- Isoxazoles/chemistry
- Isoxazoles/pharmacology
- Molecular Structure
- Paliperidone Palmitate
- Pyrimidines/chemistry
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Risperidone/chemistry
- Risperidone/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transfection
- beta-Arrestins
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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32
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Rist MJ, Theodossis A, Croft NP, Neller MA, Welland A, Chen Z, Sullivan LC, Burrows JM, Miles JJ, Brennan RM, Gras S, Khanna R, Brooks AG, McCluskey J, Purcell AW, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. HLA peptide length preferences control CD8+ T cell responses. J Immunol 2013; 191:561-71. [PMID: 23749632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Class I HLAs generally present peptides of 8-10 aa in length, although it is unclear whether peptide length preferences are affected by HLA polymorphism. In this study, we investigated the CD8(+) T cell response to the BZLF1 Ag of EBV, which includes overlapping sequences of different size that nevertheless conform to the binding motif of the large and abundant HLA-B*44 supertype. Whereas HLA-B*18:01(+) individuals responded strongly and exclusively to the octamer peptide (173)SELEIKRY(180), HLA-B*44:03(+) individuals responded to the atypically large dodecamer peptide (169)EECDSELEIKRY(180), which encompasses the octamer peptide. Moreover, the octamer peptide bound more stably to HLA-B*18:01 than did the dodecamer peptide, whereas, conversely, HLA-B*44:03 bound only the longer peptide. Furthermore, crystal structures of these viral peptide-HLA complexes showed that the Ag-binding cleft of HLA-B*18:01 was more ideally suited to bind shorter peptides, whereas HLA-B*44:03 exhibited characteristics that favored the presentation of longer peptides. Mass spectrometric identification of > 1000 naturally presented ligands revealed that HLA-B*18:01 was more biased toward presenting shorter peptides than was HLA-B*44:03. Collectively, these data highlight a mechanism through which polymorphism within an HLA class I supertype can diversify determinant selection and immune responses by varying peptide length preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Rist
- Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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33
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Heatley SL, Pietra G, Lin J, Widjaja JML, Harpur CM, Lester S, Rossjohn J, Szer J, Schwarer A, Bradstock K, Bardy PG, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG. Polymorphism in human cytomegalovirus UL40 impacts on recognition of human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) by natural killer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8679-8690. [PMID: 23335510 PMCID: PMC3605686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell recognition of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule HLA-E is dependent on the presentation of a nonamer peptide derived from the leader sequence of other HLA molecules to CD94-NKG2 receptors. However, human cytomegalovirus can manipulate this central innate interaction through the provision of a "mimic" of the HLA-encoded peptide derived from the immunomodulatory glycoprotein UL40. Here, we analyzed UL40 sequences isolated from 32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients experiencing cytomegalovirus reactivation. The UL40 protein showed a "polymorphic hot spot" within the region that encodes the HLA leader sequence mimic. Although all sequences that were identical to those encoded within HLA-I genes permitted the interaction between HLA-E and CD94-NKG2 receptors, other UL40 polymorphisms reduced the affinity of the interaction between HLA-E and CD94-NKG2 receptors. Furthermore, functional studies using NK cell clones expressing either the inhibitory receptor CD94-NKG2A or the activating receptor CD94-NKG2C identified UL40-encoded peptides that were capable of inhibiting target cell lysis via interaction with CD94-NKG2A, yet had little capacity to activate NK cells through CD94-NKG2C. The data suggest that UL40 polymorphisms may aid evasion of NK cell immunosurveillance by modulating the affinity of the interaction with CD94-NKG2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Heatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M L Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher M Harpur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Lester
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia 5011, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeff Szer
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Anthony Schwarer
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Kenneth Bradstock
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Peter G Bardy
- Director of Cancer Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova 16132, Italy
| | | | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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34
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Hofstetter AR, Ford ML, Sullivan LC, Wilson JJ, Hadley A, Brooks AG, Lukacher AE. MHC class Ib-restricted CD8 T cells differ in dependence on CD4 T cell help and CD28 costimulation over the course of mouse polyomavirus infection. J Immunol 2012; 188:3071-9. [PMID: 22393155 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified a protective MHC class Ib-restricted CD8 T cell response to infection with mouse polyomavirus. These CD8 T cells recognize a peptide from aa 139-147 of the VP2 viral capsid protein bound to the nonpolymorphic H-2Q9 molecule, a member of the Qa-2 family of β(2)m-associated MHC class Ib molecules. Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells exhibit an unusual inflationary response characterized by a gradual expansion over 3 mo followed by a stable maintenance phase. We previously demonstrated that Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells are dependent on Ag for expansion, but not for long-term maintenance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the expansion and maintenance components of the Q9:VP2.139-specific T cell response are differentially dependent on CD4 T cell help and CD28 costimulation. Depletion of CD4(+) cells and CD28/CD40L blockade impaired expansion of Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells, and intrinsic CD28 signaling was sufficient for expansion. In contrast, CD4 T cell insufficiency, but not CD28/CD40L blockade, resulted in a decline in frequency of Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cells during the maintenance phase. These results indicate that the Q9:VP2.139-specific CD8 T cell response to mouse polyomavirus infection depends on CD4 T cell help and CD28 costimulation for inflationary expansion, but only on CD4 T cell help for maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Hofstetter
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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35
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Zeng L, Sullivan LC, Vivian JP, Walpole NG, Harpur CM, Rossjohn J, Clements CS, Brooks AG. A structural basis for antigen presentation by the MHC class Ib molecule, Qa-1b. J Immunol 2012; 188:302-10. [PMID: 22131332 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of the monomorphic MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1(b) is to present peptides derived from the leader sequences of other MHC class I molecules for recognition by the CD94-NKG2 receptors expressed by NK and T cells. Whereas the mode of peptide presentation by its ortholog HLA-E, and subsequent recognition by CD94-NKG2A, is known, the molecular basis of Qa-1(b) function is unclear. We have assessed the interaction between Qa-1(b) and CD94-NKG2A and shown that they interact with an affinity of 17 μM. Furthermore, we have determined the structure of Qa-1(b) bound to the leader sequence peptide, Qdm (AMAPRTLLL), to a resolution of 1.9 Å and compared it with that of HLA-E. The crystal structure provided a basis for understanding the restricted peptide repertoire of Qa-1(b). Whereas the Qa-1(b-AMAPRTLLL) complex was similar to that of HLA-E, significant sequence and structural differences were observed between the respective Ag-binding clefts. However, the conformation of the Qdm peptide bound by Qa-1(b) was very similar to that of peptide bound to HLA-E. Although a number of conserved innate receptors can recognize heterologous ligands from other species, the structural differences between Qa-1(b) and HLA-E manifested in CD94-NKG2A ligand recognition being species specific despite similarities in peptide sequence and conformation. Collectively, our data illustrate the structural homology between Qa-1(b) and HLA-E and provide a structural basis for understanding peptide repertoire selection and the specificity of the interaction of Qa-1(b) with CD94-NKG2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Uldrich AP, Patel O, Cameron G, Pellicci DG, Day EB, Sullivan LC, Kyparissoudis K, Kjer-Nielsen L, Vivian JP, Cao B, Brooks AG, Williams SJ, Illarionov P, Besra GS, Turner SJ, Porcelli SA, McCluskey J, Smyth MJ, Rossjohn J, Godfrey DI. A semi-invariant Vα10+ T cell antigen receptor defines a population of natural killer T cells with distinct glycolipid antigen-recognition properties. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:616-23. [PMID: 21666690 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are characterized by an invariant variable region 14-joining region 18 (V(α)14-J(α)18) T cell antigen receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognition of the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) restricted to the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d. Here we describe a population of α-GalCer-reactive NKT cells that expressed a canonical V(α)10-J(α)50 TCR α-chain, which showed a preference for α-glucosylceramide (α-GlcCer) and bacterial α-glucuronic acid-containing glycolipid antigens. Structurally, despite very limited TCRα sequence identity, the V(α)10 TCR-CD1d-α-GlcCer complex had a docking mode similar to that of type I TCR-CD1d-α-GalCer complexes, although differences at the antigen-binding interface accounted for the altered antigen specificity. Our findings provide new insight into the structural basis and evolution of glycolipid antigen recognition and have notable implications for the scope and immunological role of glycolipid-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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37
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Wun KS, Cameron G, Patel O, Pang SS, Pellicci DG, Sullivan LC, Keshipeddy S, Young MH, Uldrich AP, Thakur MS, Richardson SK, Howell AR, Illarionov PA, Brooks AG, Besra GS, McCluskey J, Gapin L, Porcelli SA, Godfrey DI, Rossjohn J. A molecular basis for the exquisite CD1d-restricted antigen specificity and functional responses of natural killer T cells. Immunity 2011; 34:327-39. [PMID: 21376639 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells respond to a variety of CD1d-restricted antigens (Ags), although the basis for Ag discrimination by the NKT cell receptor (TCR) is unclear. Here we have described NKT TCR fine specificity against several closely related Ags, termed altered glycolipid ligands (AGLs), which differentially stimulate NKT cells. The structures of five ternary complexes all revealed similar docking. Acyl chain modifications did not affect the interaction, but reduced NKT cell proliferation, indicating an affect on Ag processing or presentation. Conversely, truncation of the phytosphingosine chain caused an induced fit mode of TCR binding that affected TCR affinity. Modifications in the glycosyl head group had a direct impact on the TCR interaction and associated cellular response, with ligand potency reflecting the t(1/2) life of the interaction. Accordingly, we have provided a molecular basis for understanding how modifications in AGLs can result in striking alterations in the cellular response of NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok S Wun
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, ARC Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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38
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Hofstetter AR, Sullivan LC, Lukacher AE, Brooks AG. Diverse roles of non-diverse molecules: MHC class Ib molecules in host defense and control of autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 23:104-10. [PMID: 20970974 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
While the prime function of classical MHC class I molecules (MHC-I) is to present peptide antigens to pathogen-specific cytotoxic T cells, non-classical MHC-I antigens perform a diverse array of functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review we summarize recent evidence that non classical MHC-I molecules are not only recognized by pathogen-specific T cells but that they also serve as immunoregulatory molecules by stimulating a number of distinct non-conventional T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Hofstetter
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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39
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Gras S, Chen Z, Miles JJ, Liu YC, Bell MJ, Sullivan LC, Kjer-Nielsen L, Brennan RM, Burrows JM, Neller MA, Khanna R, Purcell AW, Brooks AG, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. Allelic polymorphism in the T cell receptor and its impact on immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1555-67. [PMID: 20566715 PMCID: PMC2901058 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism, the impact of allelic sequence variation within T cell receptor (TCR) loci is much less understood. Particular TCR loci have been associated with autoimmunity, but the molecular basis for this phenomenon is undefined. We examined the T cell response to an HLA-B*3501-restricted epitope (HPVGEADYFEY) from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is frequently dominated by a TRBV9*01(+) public TCR (TK3). However, the common allelic variant TRBV9*02, which differs by a single amino acid near the CDR2beta loop (Gln55-->His55), was never used in this response. The structure of the TK3 TCR, its allelic variant, and a nonnaturally occurring mutant (Gln55-->Ala55) in complex with HLA-B*3501(HPVGEADYFEY) revealed that the Gln55-->His55 polymorphism affected the charge complementarity at the TCR-peptide-MHC interface, resulting in reduced functional recognition of the cognate and naturally occurring variants of this EBV peptide. Thus, polymorphism in the TCR loci may contribute toward variability in immune responses and the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gras
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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40
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Pellicci DG, Patel O, Kjer-Nielsen L, Pang SS, Sullivan LC, Kyparissoudis K, Brooks AG, Reid HH, Gras S, Lucet IS, Koh R, Smyth MJ, Mallevaey T, Matsuda JL, Gapin L, McCluskey J, Godfrey DI, Rossjohn J. Differential recognition of CD1d-alpha-galactosyl ceramide by the V beta 8.2 and V beta 7 semi-invariant NKT T cell receptors. Immunity 2009; 31:47-59. [PMID: 19592275 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The semi-invariant natural killer T cell receptor (NKT TCR) recognizes CD1d-lipid antigens. Although the TCR alpha chain is typically invariant, the beta chain expression is more diverse, where three V beta chains are commonly expressed in mice. We report the structures of V alpha 14-V beta 8.2 and V alpha 14-V beta 7 NKT TCRs in complex with CD1d-alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) and the 2.5 A structure of the human NKT TCR-CD1d-alpha-GalCer complex. Both V beta 8.2 and V beta 7 NKT TCRs and the human NKT TCR ligated CD1d-alpha-GalCer in a similar manner, highlighting the evolutionarily conserved interaction. However, differences within the V beta domains of the V beta 8.2 and V beta 7 NKT TCR-CD1d complexes resulted in altered TCR beta-CD1d-mediated contacts and modulated recognition mediated by the invariant alpha chain. Mutagenesis studies revealed the differing contributions of V beta 8.2 and V beta 7 residues within the CDR2 beta loop in mediating contacts with CD1d. Collectively we provide a structural basis for the differential NKT TCR V beta usage in NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Gras S, Burrows SR, Kjer-Nielsen L, Clements CS, Liu YC, Sullivan LC, Bell MJ, Brooks AG, Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J. The shaping of T cell receptor recognition by self-tolerance. Immunity 2009; 30:193-203. [PMID: 19167249 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During selection of the T cell repertoire, the immune system navigates the subtle distinction between self-restriction and self-tolerance, yet how this is achieved is unclear. Here we describe how self-tolerance toward a trans-HLA (human leukocyte antigen) allotype shapes T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) determinant (FLRGRAYGL). The recognition of HLA-B8-FLRGRAYGL by two archetypal TCRs was compared. One was a publicly selected TCR, LC13, that is alloreactive with HLA-B44; the other, CF34, lacks HLA-B44 reactivity because it arises when HLA-B44 is coinherited in trans with HLA-B8. Whereas the alloreactive LC13 TCR docked at the C terminus of HLA-B8-FLRGRAYGL, the CF34 TCR docked at the N terminus of HLA-B8-FLRGRAYGL, which coincided with a polymorphic region between HLA-B8 and HLA-B44. The markedly contrasting footprints of the LC13 and CF34 TCRs provided a portrait of how self-tolerance shapes the specificity of TCRs selected into the immune repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Protein Crystallography Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Sullivan LC, Clements CS, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. The major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule HLA-E at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Tissue Antigens 2008; 72:415-24. [PMID: 18946929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E is the least polymorphic of all the MHC class I molecules and acts as a ligand for receptors of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. The recognition of self-peptides complexed to HLA-E by the CD94-NKG2A receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells represents a crucial checkpoint for immune surveillance by NK cells. However, HLA-E can also be recognised by the T-cell receptor expressed by alphabeta CD8 T cells and therefore can play a role in the adaptive immune response to invading pathogens. The recent resolution of HLA-E in complex with both innate and adaptive ligands has provided insight into the dual role of this molecule in immunity.
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MESH Headings
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/chemistry
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Active/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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43
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Hoare HL, Sullivan LC, Clements CS, Ely LK, Beddoe T, Henderson KN, Lin J, Reid HH, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J. Subtle changes in peptide conformation profoundly affect recognition of the non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E by the CD94-NKG2 natural killer cell receptors. J Mol Biol 2008; 377:1297-303. [PMID: 18339401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule that binds peptides derived from the leader sequences of other HLA class I molecules. Natural killer cell recognition of these HLA-E molecules, via the CD94-NKG2 natural killer family, represents a central innate mechanism for monitoring major histocompatibility complex expression levels within a cell. The leader sequence-derived peptides bound to HLA-E exhibit very limited polymorphism, yet subtle differences affect the recognition of HLA-E by the CD94-NKG2 receptors. To better understand the basis for this peptide-specific recognition, we determined the structure of HLA-E in complex with two leader peptides, namely, HLA-Cw*07 (VMAPRALLL), which is poorly recognised by CD94-NKG2 receptors, and HLA-G*01 (VMAPRTLFL), a high-affinity ligand of CD94-NKG2 receptors. A comparison of these structures, both of which were determined to 2.5-A resolution, revealed that allotypic variations in the bound leader sequences do not result in conformational changes in the HLA-E heavy chain, although subtle changes in the conformation of the peptide within the binding groove of HLA-E were evident. Accordingly, our data indicate that the CD94-NKG2 receptors interact with HLA-E in a manner that maximises the ability of the receptors to discriminate between subtle changes in both the sequence and conformation of peptides bound to HLA-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary L Hoare
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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44
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Petrie EJ, Clements CS, Lin J, Sullivan LC, Johnson D, Huyton T, Heroux A, Hoare HL, Beddoe T, Reid HH, Wilce MCJ, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J. CD94-NKG2A recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E bound to an HLA class I leader sequence. J Exp Med 2008; 205:725-35. [PMID: 18332182 PMCID: PMC2275392 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E by the heterodimeric CD94-NKG2 natural killer (NK) receptor family is a central innate mechanism by which NK cells monitor the expression of other HLA molecules, yet the structural basis of this highly specific interaction is unclear. Here, we describe the crystal structure of CD94-NKG2A in complex with HLA-E bound to a peptide derived from the leader sequence of HLA-G. The CD94 subunit dominated the interaction with HLA-E, whereas the NKG2A subunit was more peripheral to the interface. Moreover, the invariant CD94 subunit dominated the peptide-mediated contacts, albeit with poor surface and chemical complementarity. This unusual binding mode was consistent with mutagenesis data at the CD94-NKG2A-HLA-E interface. There were few conformational changes in either CD94-NKG2A or HLA-E upon ligation, and such a "lock and key" interaction is typical of innate receptor-ligand interactions. Nevertheless, the structure also provided insight into how this interaction can be modulated by subtle changes in the peptide ligand or by the pairing of CD94 with other members of the NKG2 family. Differences in the docking strategies used by the NKG2D and CD94-NKG2A receptors provided a basis for understanding the promiscuous nature of ligand recognition by NKG2D compared with the fidelity of the CD94-NKG2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Petrie
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, ARC Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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45
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Sullivan LC, Clements CS, Beddoe T, Johnson D, Hoare HL, Lin J, Huyton T, Hopkins EJ, Reid HH, Wilce MCJ, Kabat J, Borrego F, Coligan JE, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. The heterodimeric assembly of the CD94-NKG2 receptor family and implications for human leukocyte antigen-E recognition. Immunity 2007; 27:900-11. [PMID: 18083576 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD94-NKG2 receptor family that regulates NK and T cells is unique among the lectin-like receptors encoded within the natural killer cell complex. The function of the CD94-NKG2 receptors is dictated by the pairing of the invariant CD94 polypeptide with specific NKG2 isoforms to form a family of functionally distinct heterodimeric receptors. However, the structural basis for this selective pairing and how they interact with their ligand, HLA-E, is unknown. We describe the 2.5 A resolution crystal structure of CD94-NKG2A in which the mode of dimerization contrasts with that of other homodimeric NK receptors. Despite structural homology between the CD94 and NKG2A subunits, the dimer interface is asymmetric, thereby providing a structural basis for the preferred heterodimeric assembly. Structure-based sequence comparisons of other CD94-NKG2 family members, combined with extensive mutagenesis studies on HLA-E and CD94-NKG2A, allows a model of the interaction between CD94-NKG2A and HLA-E to be established, in which the invariant CD94 chain plays a more dominant role in interacting with HLA-E in comparison to the variable NKG2 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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46
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Sullivan LC, Hoare HL, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. A structural perspective on MHC class Ib molecules in adaptive immunity. Trends Immunol 2006; 27:413-20. [PMID: 16860610 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The highly polymorphic MHC class Ia molecules have a central role in adaptive immunity. By contrast, the closely related MHC class Ib molecules, which show limited polymorphism, are best known for regulating innate immune responses. Nevertheless, a recent area of interest is the emerging role of class Ib molecules in adaptive immunity, particularly in response to tumours and pathogens such as Mycobacteria, Listeria and Salmonella. Here, we review recent findings in this area, highlighting the structure of a T-cell receptor complexed with a cytomegalovirus peptide bound to the class Ib molecule, HLA-E. Collectively, these findings have implications for immunity, transplantation and autoimmunity, and our understanding of the evolution and plasticity of the molecular interactions mediating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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47
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Hoare HL, Sullivan LC, Pietra G, Clements CS, Lee EJ, Ely LK, Beddoe T, Falco M, Kjer-Nielsen L, Reid HH, McCluskey J, Moretta L, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. Structural basis for a major histocompatibility complex class Ib-restricted T cell response. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:256-64. [PMID: 16474394 DOI: 10.1038/ni1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to antigen-specific immunity orchestrated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia molecules, the ancestrally related nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules generally mediate innate immune responses. Here we have demonstrated the structural basis by which the MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E mediates an adaptive MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to human cytomegalovirus. Highly constrained by host genetics, the response showed notable fine specificity for position 8 of the viral peptide, which is the sole discriminator of self versus nonself. Despite the evolutionary divergence of MHC class Ia and class Ib molecules, the structure of the T cell receptor-MHC class Ib complex was very similar to that of conventional T cell receptor-MHC class Ia complexes. These results emphasize the evolutionary 'ambiguity' of HLA-E, which not only interacts with innate immune receptors but also has the functional capacity to mediate virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary L Hoare
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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48
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Orgeig S, Daniels CB, Johnston SD, Sullivan LC. The pattern of surfactant cholesterol during vertebrate evolution and development: does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny? Reprod Fertil Dev 2005; 15:55-73. [PMID: 12729504 DOI: 10.1071/rd02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2002] [Accepted: 01/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids (PLs), neutral lipids and proteins that lines the inner surface of the lung. Here it modulates surface tension, thereby increasing lung compliance and preventing the transudation of fluid. In humans, pulmonary surfactant is comprised of approximately 80% PLs, 12% neutral lipids and 8% protein. In most eutherian (i.e. placental) mammals, cholesterol (Chol) comprises approximately 8-10% by weight or 14-20 mol% of both alveolar and lamellar body surfactant. It is regarded as an integral component of pulmonary surfactant, yet few studies have concentrated on its function or control. The lipid composition is highly conserved within the vertebrates, except that surfactant of teleost fish is dominated by cholesterol, whereas tetrapod pulmonary surfactant contains a high proportion of disaturated phospholipids (DSPs). The primitive Australian dipnoan lungfish Neoceratodus forsterii demonstrates a 'fish-type' surfactant profile, whereas the other derived dipnoans demonstrate a surfactant profile similar to that of tetrapods. Homology of the surfactant proteins within the vertebrates points to a single evolutionary origin for the system and indicates that fish surfactant is a 'protosurfactant'. Among the terrestrial tetrapods, the relative proportions of DSPs and cholesterol vary in response to lung structure, habitat and body temperature (Tb), but not in relation to phylogeny. The cholesterol content of surfactant is elevated in species with simple saccular lungs or in aquatic species or in species with low Tb. The DSP content is highest in complex lungs, particularly of aquatic species or species with high Tb. Cholesterol is controlled separately from the PL component in surfactant. For example, in heterothermic mammals (i.e. mammals that vary their body temperature), the relative amount of cholesterol increases in cold animals. The rapid changes in the Chol to PL ratio in response to various physiological stimuli suggest that these two components have different turnover rates and may be packaged and processed differently. In mammals, the pulmonary surfactant system develops towards the end of gestation and is characterized by an increase in the saturation of PLs in lung washings and the appearance of surfactant proteins in amniotic fluid. In general, the pattern of surfactant development is highly conserved among the amniotes. This conservation of process is demonstrated by an increase in the amount and saturation of the surfactant PLs in the final stages (>75%) of development. Although the ratios of surfactant components (Chol, PL and DSP) are remarkably similar at the time of hatching/birth, the relative timing of the maturation of the lipid profiles differs dramatically between species. The uniformity of composition between species, despite differences in lung morphology, birthing strategy and relationship to each other, implies that the ratios are critical for the onset of pulmonary ventilation. The differences in the timing, on the other hand, appear to relate primarily to birthing strategy and the onset of air breathing. As the amount of cholesterol relative to the phospholipids is highly elevated in immature lungs, the pattern of cholesterol during development and evolution represents an example of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny. The fact that cholesterol is an important component of respiratory structures that are primitive, when they are not in use or developing in an embryo, demonstrates that this substance has important and exciting roles in surfactant. These roles still remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Orgeig
- Environmental Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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49
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Daniels CB, Orgeig S, Sullivan LC, Ling N, Bennett MB, Schürch S, Val AL, Brauner CJ. The Origin and Evolution of the Surfactant System in Fish: Insights into the Evolution of Lungs and Swim Bladders. Physiol Biochem Zool 2004; 77:732-49. [PMID: 15547792 DOI: 10.1086/422058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several times throughout their radiation fish have evolved either lungs or swim bladders as gas-holding structures. Lungs and swim bladders have different ontogenetic origins and can be used either for buoyancy or as an accessory respiratory organ. Therefore, the presence of air-filled bladders or lungs in different groups of fishes is an example of convergent evolution. We propose that air breathing could not occur without the presence of a surfactant system and suggest that this system may have originated in epithelial cells lining the pharynx. Here we present new data on the surfactant system in swim bladders of three teleost fish (the air-breathing pirarucu Arapaima gigas and tarpon Megalops cyprinoides and the non-air-breathing New Zealand snapper Pagrus auratus). We determined the presence of surfactant using biochemical, biophysical, and morphological analyses and determined homology using immunohistochemical analysis of the surfactant proteins (SPs). We relate the presence and structure of the surfactant system to those previously described in the swim bladders of another teleost, the goldfish, and those of the air-breathing organs of the other members of the Osteichthyes, the more primitive air-breathing Actinopterygii and the Sarcopterygii. Snapper and tarpon swim bladders are lined with squamous and cuboidal epithelial cells, respectively, containing membrane-bound lamellar bodies. Phosphatidylcholine dominates the phospholipid (PL) profile of lavage material from all fish analyzed to date. The presence of the characteristic surfactant lipids in pirarucu and tarpon, lamellar bodies in tarpon and snapper, SP-B in tarpon and pirarucu lavage, and SPs (A, B, and D) in swim bladder tissue of the tarpon provide strong evidence that the surfactant system of teleosts is homologous with that of other fish and of tetrapods. This study is the first demonstration of the presence of SP-D in the air-breathing organs of nonmammalian species and SP-B in actinopterygian fishes. The extremely high cholesterol/disaturated PL and cholesterol/PL ratios of surfactant extracted from tarpon and pirarucu bladders and the poor surface activity of tarpon surfactant are characteristics of the surfactant system in other fishes. Despite the paraphyletic phylogeny of the Osteichthyes, their surfactant is uniform in composition and may represent the vertebrate protosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Daniels
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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50
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Wojtasiak M, Jones CM, Sullivan LC, Winterhalter AC, Carbone FR, Brooks AG. Persistent expression of CD94/NKG2 receptors by virus-specific CD8 T cells is initiated by TCR-mediated signals. Int Immunol 2004; 16:1333-41. [PMID: 15302848 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsets of CD8 T cells express receptors that are critical in regulating the activity of NK cells. To characterize the expression of these receptors on CD8 T cells we made use of transgenic mice that express a H-2Kb restricted TCR specific for the immunodominant epitope located within the HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB). Few naive gB-specific T cells express Ly49 or CD94/NKG2 receptors. Following acute infection of C57BL/6 mice with either HSV-1 or a recombinant influenza virus that encodes the gB determinant, gB-specific T cells showed a dramatic upregulation of CD94/NKG2 receptors. Moreover, gB-specific CD8 T cells that expressed CD94/NKG2 receptors were also found to express another NK receptor, KLRG1. We established that while Ag-stimulated gB-specific CD8 T cells primarily express inhibitory isoforms of CD94/NKG2 receptors, these cells remain capable of producing gammaIFN upon peptide stimulation. While peak CD94/NKG2 expression on gB-specific cells was reached 2-3 days following infection, it remained elevated beyond 60 days post-infection with either HSV-1 or a gB-expressing recombinant influenza virus. The data imply that the prolonged expression was not due to persistence of replicating virus and suggest that while recognition of the cognate Ag is necessary to trigger expression of CD94/NKG2 receptors, it is not required for their continued expression on memory T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/analysis
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Orthomyxoviridae/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wojtasiak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052 Australia
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