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Jones K, Wockner L, Brennan RM, Keane C, Chattopadhyay PK, Roederer M, Price DA, Cole DK, Hassan B, Beck K, Gottlieb D, Ritchie DS, Seymour JF, Vari F, Crooks P, Burrows SR, Gandhi MK. The impact of HLA class I and EBV latency-II antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells on the pathogenesis of EBV(+) Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:206-20. [PMID: 26422112 PMCID: PMC4711160 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 40% of cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency‐II antigens [EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)/latent membrane protein (LMP)1/LMP2A] are present (EBV+cHL) in the malignant cells and antigen presentation is intact. Previous studies have shown consistently that HLA‐A*02 is protective in EBV+cHL, yet its role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To explore the basis for this observation, gene expression was assessed in 33 cHL nodes. Interestingly, CD8 and LMP2A expression were correlated strongly and, for a given LMP2A level, CD8 was elevated markedly in HLA‐A*02–versus HLA‐A*02+ EBV+cHL patients, suggesting that LMP2A‐specific CD8+ T cell anti‐tumoral immunity may be relatively ineffective in HLA‐A*02– EBV+cHL. To ascertain the impact of HLA class I on EBV latency antigen‐specific immunodominance, we used a stepwise functional T cell approach. In newly diagnosed EBV+cHL, the magnitude of ex‐vivo LMP1/2A‐specific CD8+ T cell responses was elevated in HLA‐A*02+ patients. Furthermore, in a controlled in‐vitro assay, LMP2A‐specific CD8+ T cells from healthy HLA‐A*02 heterozygotes expanded to a greater extent with HLA‐A*02‐restricted compared to non‐HLA‐A*02‐restricted cell lines. In an extensive analysis of HLA class I‐restricted immunity, immunodominant EBNA3A/3B/3C‐specific CD8+ T cell responses were stimulated by numerous HLA class I molecules, whereas the subdominant LMP1/2A‐specific responses were confined largely to HLA‐A*02. Our results demonstrate that HLA‐A*02 mediates a modest, but none the less stronger, EBV‐specific CD8+ T cell response than non‐HLA‐A*02 alleles, an effect confined to EBV latency‐II antigens. Thus, the protective effect of HLA‐A*02 against EBV+cHL is not a surrogate association, but reflects the impact of HLA class I on EBV latency‐II antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jones
- Blood Cancer Research, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Immunohaematology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L Wockner
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R M Brennan
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Keane
- Blood Cancer Research, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Immunohaematology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P K Chattopadhyay
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D A Price
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - D K Cole
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Hassan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Beck
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Gottlieb
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Service, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - D S Ritchie
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J F Seymour
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Vari
- Blood Cancer Research, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Crooks
- Blood Cancer Research, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S R Burrows
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M K Gandhi
- Blood Cancer Research, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Immunohaematology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Brennan RM, Burrows JM, Elliott T, Neller MA, Gras S, Rossjohn J, Miles JJ, Burrows SR. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human T cell receptor loci control variable gene usage in the T cell repertoire. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:148-52. [PMID: 24646048 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M Brennan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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Neller MA, Santner-Nanan B, Brennan RM, Hsu P, Joung S, Nanan R, Burrows SR, Miles JJ. Multivariate Analysis Using High Definition Flow Cytometry Reveals Distinct T Cell Repertoires between the Fetal-Maternal Interface and the Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2014; 5:33. [PMID: 24550917 PMCID: PMC3913911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T cell compartment is a complex system and while some information is known on repertoire composition and dynamics in the peripheral blood, little is known about repertoire composition at different anatomical sites. Here, we determine the T cell receptor beta variable (TRBV) repertoire at the decidua and compare it with the peripheral blood during normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. We found total T cell subset disparity of up to 58% between sites, including large signature TRBV expansions unique to the fetal–maternal interface. Defining the functional nature and specificity of compartment-specific T cells will be necessary if we are to understand localized immunity, tolerance, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Neller
- Human Immunity Laboratory and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Nepean Centre for Perinatal Care, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Rebekah M Brennan
- Human Immunity Laboratory and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Nepean Centre for Perinatal Care, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Steven Joung
- Nepean Centre for Perinatal Care, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Nepean Centre for Perinatal Care, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Scott R Burrows
- Human Immunity Laboratory and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Human Immunity Laboratory and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , UK
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Rist MJ, Theodossis A, Croft NP, Neller MA, Welland A, Chen Z, Sullivan LC, Burrows JM, Miles JJ, Brennan RM, Gras S, Khanna R, Brooks AG, McCluskey J, Purcell AW, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. HLA peptide length preferences control CD8+ T cell responses. J Immunol 2013; 191:561-71. [PMID: 23749632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Class I HLAs generally present peptides of 8-10 aa in length, although it is unclear whether peptide length preferences are affected by HLA polymorphism. In this study, we investigated the CD8(+) T cell response to the BZLF1 Ag of EBV, which includes overlapping sequences of different size that nevertheless conform to the binding motif of the large and abundant HLA-B*44 supertype. Whereas HLA-B*18:01(+) individuals responded strongly and exclusively to the octamer peptide (173)SELEIKRY(180), HLA-B*44:03(+) individuals responded to the atypically large dodecamer peptide (169)EECDSELEIKRY(180), which encompasses the octamer peptide. Moreover, the octamer peptide bound more stably to HLA-B*18:01 than did the dodecamer peptide, whereas, conversely, HLA-B*44:03 bound only the longer peptide. Furthermore, crystal structures of these viral peptide-HLA complexes showed that the Ag-binding cleft of HLA-B*18:01 was more ideally suited to bind shorter peptides, whereas HLA-B*44:03 exhibited characteristics that favored the presentation of longer peptides. Mass spectrometric identification of > 1000 naturally presented ligands revealed that HLA-B*18:01 was more biased toward presenting shorter peptides than was HLA-B*44:03. Collectively, these data highlight a mechanism through which polymorphism within an HLA class I supertype can diversify determinant selection and immune responses by varying peptide length preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Rist
- Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Jones HG, Hillis RM, Gordon SL, Brennan RM. An approach to the determination of winter chill requirements for different Ribes cultivars. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15 Suppl 1:18-27. [PMID: 22512943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Winter chilling is critical for flowering and fruiting of many temperate fruits, with evidence that blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cropping has been adversely affected by warm winters. Accurate models of chill accumulation in blackcurrant are required so that breeding strategies can be formulated for the generation of new cultivars with resilience to future climates. Existing models for chill accumulation have largely been derived from statistical correlation; here we report the derivation of improved models for blackcurrant using controlled environment treatments. Hardwood cuttings from a diverse set of cultivars were exposed to constant or varying chilling temperatures and the effects on bud break after transfer to a warm, permissive environment evaluated. The impact of different combinations of temperature and chilling periods were described in terms of their overall 'Effectiveness' (E). Clear genotypic differences were found, with excessive chilling often inhibiting bud break. There was a significant interaction between observed chilling response and the period of low temperature exposure. A number of chilling models to explain observed interactions between chilling temperature and time of exposure on bud break were compared; the most effective involved an optimal response to increasing chill accumulation. The effects of varying temperatures during chilling on bud break were complex, with warm temperature breaks substantially inhibiting bud development and cooler temperature breaks tending to enhance bud burst. The relevance of these models to generic studies of endodormancy is discussed, together with their potential application to the development of phenotyping screens for future breeding using diverse blackcurrant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Jones
- Plant Science Division, College of Life Science, University of Dundee at JHI, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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Brennan RM, Petersen J, Neller MA, Miles JJ, Burrows JM, Smith C, McCluskey J, Khanna R, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. The Impact of a Large and Frequent Deletion in the Human TCR β Locus on Antiviral Immunity. J I 2012; 188:2742-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Clark KE, Hartley SE, Brennan RM, MacKenzie K, Johnson SN. Investigating preference-performance relationships in aboveground-belowground life cycles: a laboratory and field study with the vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus). Bull Entomol Res 2012; 102:63-70. [PMID: 21867576 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The preference-performance hypothesis has principally considered insect herbivores with aboveground lifecycles, although the hypothesis could be equally relevant to insects with life stages occurring both aboveground and belowground. Moreover, most studies have focussed on either laboratory or field experiments, with little attempt to relate the two. In this study, the preference-performance hypothesis was examined in an aboveground-belowground context in the laboratory using the vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and two cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Glen Rosa and Glen Ample. A two-year field study (2008-2009) was also undertaken to characterise the population dynamics of adult weevils on the two raspberry cultivars. Larval performance (abundance and mass) differed significantly between Glen Rosa and Glen Ample, with Glen Rosa resulting in 26% larger but 56% fewer larvae compared to Glen Ample. Larval abundances were significantly and positively correlated with root nitrogen and magnesium concentrations, but negatively correlated with root iron. However, concentrations of these minerals were not significantly different in the two cultivars. Adult weevils did not preferentially select either of the two cultivars for egg laying (laying 3.08 and 2.80 eggs per day on Glen Ample and Glen Rosa, respectively), suggesting that there was no strong preference-performance relationship between adult vine weevils and their belowground offspring. Field populations of adult vine weevils were significantly higher on Glen Ample than Glen Rosa, which may reflect the higher larval survival on Glen Ample observed in laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Clark
- The James Hutton Institute (Dundee site), Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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Miles JJ, Thammanichanond D, Moneer S, Nivarthi UK, Kjer-Nielsen L, Tracy SL, Aitken CK, Brennan RM, Zeng W, Marquart L, Jackson D, Burrows SR, Bowden DS, Torresi J, Hellard M, Rossjohn J, McCluskey J, Bharadwaj M. Antigen-driven patterns of TCR bias are shared across diverse outcomes of human hepatitis C virus infection. J Immunol 2010; 186:901-12. [PMID: 21160049 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. T cells play a central role in HCV clearance; however, there is currently little understanding of whether the disease outcome in HCV infection is influenced by the choice of TCR repertoire. TCR repertoires used against two immunodominant HCV determinants--the highly polymorphic, HLA-B*0801 restricted (1395)HSKKKCDEL(1403) (HSK) and the comparatively conserved, HLA-A*0101-restricted, (1435)ATDALMTGY(1443) (ATD)--were analyzed in clearly defined cohorts of HLA-matched, HCV-infected individuals with persistent infection and HCV clearance. In comparison with ATD, TCR repertoire selected against HSK was more narrowly focused, supporting reports of mutational escape in this epitope, in persistent HCV infection. Notwithstanding the Ag-driven divergence, T cell repertoire selection against either Ag was comparable in subjects with diverse disease outcomes. Biased T cell repertoires were observed early in infection and were evident not only in persistently infected individuals but also in subjects with HCV clearance, suggesting that these are not exclusively characteristic of viral persistence. Comprehensive clonal analysis of Ag-specific T cells revealed widespread use of public TCRs displaying a high degree of predictability in TRBV/TRBJ gene usage, CDR3 length, and amino acid composition. These public TCRs were observed against both ATD and HSK and were shared across diverse disease outcomes. Collectively, these observations indicate that repertoire diversity rather than particular Vβ segments are better associated with HCV persistence/clearance in humans. Notably, many of the anti-HCV TCRs switched TRBV and TRBJ genes around a conserved, N nucleotide-encoded CDR3 core, revealing TCR sequence mosaicism as a potential host mechanism to combat this highly variant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Miles
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Hackett CA, Russell J, Jorgensen L, Gordon SL, Brennan RM. Multi-environment QTL mapping in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) using mixed models. Theor Appl Genet 2010; 121:1483-1488. [PMID: 20652803 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The first genetic linkage map of blackcurrant, published by Brennan et al. (Euphytica 161:19-34, 2008), identified regions where quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for some important traits were located. The analysis was complicated by the fact that the mapping population was found to contain two subgroups, with segregation ratios consistent with these being crossed and selfed offspring. The QTL analysis was based on the trait mean over 3 years and focused on the crossed offspring. Here we proposed a mixed model multi-environment approach for this population. The 3 years are considered as three separate environments, the data from both the selfed and crossed offspring are combined and different residual terms are explored to model the correlation between the years. This permits tests for interactions between the QTLs, the year and the type of offspring (selfed or crossed). This is applied to re-analyse two important traits, anthocyanin concentration and budbreak. Several additional QTLs were identified, some affecting the trait in both the selfed and crossed offspring, others in just one.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hackett
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
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Gras S, Chen Z, Miles JJ, Liu YC, Bell MJ, Sullivan LC, Kjer-Nielsen L, Brennan RM, Burrows JM, Neller MA, Khanna R, Purcell AW, Brooks AG, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. Allelic polymorphism in the T cell receptor and its impact on immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1555-67. [PMID: 20566715 PMCID: PMC2901058 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism, the impact of allelic sequence variation within T cell receptor (TCR) loci is much less understood. Particular TCR loci have been associated with autoimmunity, but the molecular basis for this phenomenon is undefined. We examined the T cell response to an HLA-B*3501-restricted epitope (HPVGEADYFEY) from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is frequently dominated by a TRBV9*01(+) public TCR (TK3). However, the common allelic variant TRBV9*02, which differs by a single amino acid near the CDR2beta loop (Gln55-->His55), was never used in this response. The structure of the TK3 TCR, its allelic variant, and a nonnaturally occurring mutant (Gln55-->Ala55) in complex with HLA-B*3501(HPVGEADYFEY) revealed that the Gln55-->His55 polymorphism affected the charge complementarity at the TCR-peptide-MHC interface, resulting in reduced functional recognition of the cognate and naturally occurring variants of this EBV peptide. Thus, polymorphism in the TCR loci may contribute toward variability in immune responses and the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gras
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Burrows SR, Chen Z, Archbold JK, Tynan FE, Beddoe T, Kjer-Nielsen L, Miles JJ, Khanna R, Moss DJ, Liu YC, Gras S, Kostenko L, Brennan RM, Clements CS, Brooks AG, Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J. Hard wiring of T cell receptor specificity for the major histocompatibility complex is underpinned by TCR adaptability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:10608-13. [PMID: 20483993 PMCID: PMC2890827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1004926107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
alphabeta T cell receptors (TCRs) are genetically restricted to corecognize peptide antigens bound to self-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules; however, the basis for this MHC specificity remains unclear. Despite the current dogma, evaluation of the TCR-pMHC-I structural database shows that the nongermline-encoded complementarity-determining region (CDR)-3 loops often contact the MHC-I, and the germline-encoded CDR1 and -2 loops frequently participate in peptide-mediated interactions. Nevertheless, different TCRs adopt a roughly conserved docking mode over the pMHC-I, in which three MHC-I residues (65, 69, and 155) are invariably contacted by the TCR in one way or another. Nonetheless, the impact of mutations at these three positions, either individually or together, was not uniformly detrimental to TCR recognition of pHLA-B*0801 or pHLA-B*3508. Moreover, when TCR-pMHC-I recognition was impaired, this could be partially restored by expression of the CD8 coreceptor. The structure of a TCR-pMHC-I complex in which these three (65, 69, and 155) MHC-I positions were all mutated resulted in shifting of the TCR footprint relative to the cognate complex and formation of compensatory interactions. Collectively, our findings reveal the inherent adaptability of the TCR in maintaining peptide recognition while accommodating changes to the central docking site on the pMHC-I.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Databases, Genetic
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Burrows
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julia K. Archbold
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Fleur E. Tynan
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Travis Beddoe
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Lars Kjer-Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John J. Miles
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Denis J. Moss
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Yu Chih Liu
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Stephanie Gras
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Lyudmila Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebekah M. Brennan
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Craig S. Clements
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
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Brennan RM, Burrows JM, Bell MJ, Bromham L, Csurhes PA, Lenarczyk A, Sverndal J, Klintenstedt J, Pender MP, Burrows SR. Strains of Epstein-Barr virus infecting multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2010; 16:643-51. [PMID: 20350958 DOI: 10.1177/1352458510364537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that the ubiquitous herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Some features of MS epidemiology, such as the decline in risk among migrants from high to low MS prevalence areas, suggest the presence of variant EBV strains that increase MS risk. The objective of this study was to investigate whether genetic variability in EBV is associated with MS. Genes encoding for two EBV antigens (EBNA1 and BRRF2) were sequenced in EBV isolates from 40 MS patients and a similar number of control subjects. These viral antigens were chosen for analysis because they are known to stimulate atypical immune responses in MS. Extensive sequence polymorphism was observed within the EBNA1 and BRRF2 genes in isolates from both MS patients and controls. Interestingly, several single nucleotide polymorphisms within the EBNA1 gene, and one within the BRRF2 gene, were found to occur at marginally different frequencies in EBV strains infecting MS patients versus controls. Although this study does not find a simple causal relationship between EBV strains and the occurrence of MS, the existence of haplotypes that occur at different frequencies in MS patients versus controls may provide an area for future study of the role of EBV strain variation in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Brennan
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Australia
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13
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Archbold JK, Macdonald WA, Gras S, Ely LK, Miles JJ, Bell MJ, Brennan RM, Beddoe T, Wilce MCJ, Clements CS, Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Burrows SR, Rossjohn J. Natural micropolymorphism in human leukocyte antigens provides a basis for genetic control of antigen recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:209-19. [PMID: 19139173 PMCID: PMC2626662 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism plays a critical role in protective immunity, disease susceptibility, autoimmunity, and drug hypersensitivity, yet the basis of how HLA polymorphism influences T cell receptor (TCR) recognition is unclear. We examined how a natural micropolymorphism in HLA-B44, an important and large HLA allelic family, affected antigen recognition. T cell–mediated immunity to an Epstein-Barr virus determinant (EENLLDFVRF) is enhanced when HLA-B*4405 was the presenting allotype compared with HLA-B*4402 or HLA-B*4403, each of which differ by just one amino acid. The micropolymorphism in these HLA-B44 allotypes altered the mode of binding and dynamics of the bound viral epitope. The structure of the TCR–HLA-B*4405EENLLDFVRF complex revealed that peptide flexibility was a critical parameter in enabling preferential engagement with HLA-B*4405 in comparison to HLA-B*4402/03. Accordingly, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism can alter the dynamics of the peptide-MHC landscape, resulting in fine-tuning of T cell responses between closely related allotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Archbold
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Burrows JM, Wynn KK, Tynan FE, Archbold J, Miles JJ, Bell MJ, Brennan RM, Walker S, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Khanna R, Burrows SR. The impact of HLA-B micropolymorphism outside primary peptide anchor pockets on the CTL response to CMV. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:946-53. [PMID: 17357107 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The factors controlling epitope selection in the T cell response to persistent viruses are not fully understood, and we have examined this issue in the context of four HLA-B*35-binding peptides from the pp65 antigen of human cytomegalovirus, two of which are previously undescribed. Striking differences in the hierarchy of immunodominance between these four epitopes were observed in healthy virus carriers expressing HLA-B*3501 versus B*3508, two HLA-B allotypes that differ by a single amino acid at position 156 (HLA-B*3501, (156)Leucine; HLA-B*3508, (156)Arginine) that projects from the alpha2 helix into the centre of the peptide-binding groove. While HLA-B*3501(+) individuals responded most strongly to the (123)IPSINVHHY(131) and (366)HPTFTSQY(373) epitopes, HLA-B*3508(+) individuals responded preferentially to (103)CPSQEPMSIYVY(114) and (188)FPTKDVAL(195). By comparing peptide-MHC association and disassociation rates with peptide immunogenicity, it was clear that dissociation rates correlate more closely with the hierarchy of immunodominance among the four pp65 peptides. These findings demonstrate that MHC micropolymorphism at positions outside the primary anchor residue binding pockets can have a major impact on determinant selection in antiviral T cell responses. Such influences may provide the evolutionary pressure that maintains closely related MHC molecules in diverse human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Burrows
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Brennan RM, Miles JJ, Silins SL, Bell MJ, Burrows JM, Burrows SR. Predictable alphabeta T-cell receptor selection toward an HLA-B*3501-restricted human cytomegalovirus epitope. J Virol 2007; 81:7269-73. [PMID: 17459926 PMCID: PMC1933272 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00356-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) elicits a very large burden on the immune system, with approximately one in ten T cells being reserved solely to manage this infection. However, information on the clonotypic composition of these vast T-cell populations is limited. In this study, we sequenced 116 T-cell receptor (TcR) alpha/beta-chains specific for the highly immunogenic HLA-B*3501-resticted epitope IPSINVHHY from the pp65 antigen. Interestingly, T cells recovered from all donors bore an identical or near-identical TRBV28/TRBJ1-4/TRAV17/TRAJ33 TcR. The ability to predict the responding alphabeta TcR repertoire before viral infection should prove a powerful tool for basic and clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M Brennan
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane 4029, Australia
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16
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Miles JJ, Borg NA, Brennan RM, Tynan FE, Kjer-Nielsen L, Silins SL, Bell MJ, Burrows JM, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. TCR alpha genes direct MHC restriction in the potent human T cell response to a class I-bound viral epitope. J Immunol 2007; 177:6804-14. [PMID: 17082594 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The underlying generic properties of alphabeta TCRs that control MHC restriction remain largely unresolved. To investigate MHC restriction, we have examined the CTL response to a viral epitope that binds promiscuously to two human leukocyte Ags (HLAs) that differ by a single amino acid at position 156. Individuals expressing either HLA-B*3501 (156Leucine) or HLA-B*3508 (156Arginine) showed a potent CTL response to the 407HPVGEADYFEY417 epitope from EBV. Interestingly, the response was characterized by highly restricted TCR beta-chain usage in both HLA-B*3501+ and HLA-B*3508+ individuals; however, this conserved TRBV9+ beta-chain was associated with distinct TCR alpha-chains depending upon the HLA-B*35 allele expressed by the virus-exposed host. Functional assays confirmed that TCR alpha-chain usage determined the HLA restriction of the CTLs. Structural studies revealed significant differences in the mobility of the peptide when bound to HLA-B*3501 or HLA-B*3508. In HLA-B*3501, the bulged section of the peptide was disordered, whereas in HLA-B*3508 the bulged epitope adopted an ordered conformation. Collectively, these data demonstrate not only that mobile MHC-bound peptides can be highly immunogenic but can also stimulate an extremely biased TCR repertoire. In addition, TCR alpha-chain usage is shown to play a critical role in controlling MHC restriction between closely related allomorphs.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-B Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-B35 Antigen
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Subunits/biosynthesis
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Miles
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Archbold JK, Macdonald WA, Miles JJ, Brennan RM, Kjer-Nielsen L, McCluskey J, Burrows SR, Rossjohn J. Alloreactivity between disparate cognate and allogeneic pMHC-I complexes is the result of highly focused, peptide-dependent structural mimicry. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:34324-32. [PMID: 16963442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606755200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T cell alloreactivity remains limited by the lack of systems for which both the T cell receptor allo- and cognate ligand are known. Here we provide evidence that a single alloreactive T cell receptor interacts with analogous structural regions of its cognate ligand, HLA-B*0801(FLRGRAYGL), as its allogeneic ligand, HLA-B*3501(KPIVVLHGY). The crystal structures of the binary peptide-major histocompatibility complexes show marked differences in the conformation of the heavy chains as well as the bound peptides. Nevertheless, both epitopes possess a prominent solvent-exposed aromatic residue at position 7 flanked by a small glycine at position 8 of the peptide determinant. Moreover, regions of close structural homology between the heavy chains of HLA B8 and HLA B35 coincided with regions that have previously been implicated in "hot spots" of T cell receptor recognition. The avidity of this human T cell receptor was also comparable for the allo- and cognate ligand, consistent with the modes of T cell receptor binding being broadly similar for these complexes. Collectively, it appears that highly focused structural mimicry against a diverse structural background provides a basis for the observed alloreactivity in this system. This cross-reactivity underpins the T cell degeneracy inherent in the limited mature T cell repertoire that must respond to a vast diversity of microbial antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Archbold
- Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- M T van de Ven
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
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Fenton B, Birch AN, Malloch G, Lanham PG, Brennan RM. Gall mite molecular phylogeny and its relationship to the evolution of plant host specificity. Exp Appl Acarol 2000; 24:831-861. [PMID: 11345319 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006488120364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of all seven known species of Cecidophyopsis mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) with Ribes hosts have been inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences. This analysis found groups of closely related mites. The five gall-forming species, four of which are monophagous and one which has two hosts, were found in two groups. Another group consisted of the two non gall-forming species, one of which has two hosts, while the other is monophagous. The molecular phylogeny of their known Ribes host plants was calculated using the equivalent ribosomal regions as the mites. The structure of the two trees (mites vs hosts) was clearly different, implying that mite speciation did not closely follow speciation events in the plant hosts. Instead, the three groups of Ribes-infesting Cecidophyopsis mites have derived from a common galling ancestor millions of years ago. Each mite group has recently diversified onto different primary hosts. One group of mites has also lost the galling habit. The results have implications for host range changes and the durability of mite-resistance genes in cultivated Ribes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fenton
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, Tayside, United Kingdom.
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20
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Abstract
A method is described for isolating DNA of high molecular mass (M(r)) from blackcurrant and other softfruit species. Following a hexacethylytimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-based extraction procedure, samples are treated with a glycosidic hydrolase mixture and RNase, and then purified. The suitability of this DNA for Southern analysis and genomic-library construction is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woodhead
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Physiology, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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Brennan RM, Chudek JA, Goodman BA, Simpson EJ, Hunter G. Non-destructive visualisation in three dimensions of freezing events in flowers of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) using spin-echo NMR microscopy. Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 15:1085-90. [PMID: 9364955 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(97)00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flowers of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) were subjected to freezing stress in vivo, and the resulting damage examined in three dimensions using a spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance imaging sequence. Increased signal intensity was detected in the damaged flowers, particularly at the base of the style, in T2-weighted images. This is thought to be the result of intracellular freezing, which causes membrane damage and leakage of cellular contents. It is proposed that this represents the main site of damage within the flowers. The imaging of flowers of differing developmental ages showed larger increases in signal from fully open flowers after freezing damage compared with those in the initial stages of bud, suggesting that the enclosed nature of the flower buds may have a protective effect on the sensitive stylar base. The use of three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging provides a rapid and effective means for the visualisation of freezing events within floral tissues; the effective resolution of the images enables greater accuracy and clarity in interpretation than hitherto possible in two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Brennan
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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22
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Abstract
Extraction of high-quality RNA from blackcurrant fruit has hitherto proved difficult, probably owing to high levels of phenolic and polysaccharide components in the berries. The procedure described here is a modification of one described for grape berries, and yields RNA suitable for in vitro translations, RNA blot analysis, and cDNA library construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woodhead
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Physiology, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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23
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Lanham PG, Brennan RM, Hackett C, McNicol RJ. RAPD fingerprinting of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars. Theor Appl Genet 1995; 90:166-172. [PMID: 24173887 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/1994] [Accepted: 06/21/1994] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ribes nigrum germplasm was screened for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fiftyfour markers were identified which generated individual fingerprints for each of 21 cultivars. Genetic variation within R. nigrum germplasm, as detected by RAPDs, demonstrated that the genetic basis for improvement of blackcurrant is narrower than would be expected by the analysis of parentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Lanham
- Soft Fruit Genetics Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, DD2 5DA, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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