1
|
Ahmed S, Herschhorn A. mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0004124. [PMID: 39016564 PMCID: PMC11391700 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00041-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe success of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines to lessen/prevent severe COVID-19 opened new opportunities to develop RNA vaccines to fight other infectious agents. HIV-1 is a lentivirus that integrates into the host cell genome and persists for the lifetime of infected cells. Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion have posed significant obstacles to the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine over the last four decades since the identification of HIV-1. Recently, attempts to address some of these challenges have led to multiple studies that manufactured, optimized, and tested, in different animal models, mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines. Several clinical trials have also been initiated or are planned to start soon. Here, we review the current strategies applied to HIV-1 mRNA vaccines, discuss different targeting approaches, summarize the latest findings, and offer insights into the challenges and future of HIV-1 mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Q, Wu P, Lei J, Bai P, Zhong P, Yang M, Wei P. Old concepts, new tricks: How peptide vaccines are reshaping cancer immunotherapy? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135541. [PMID: 39270889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, research on cancer immunotherapy has firmly established immune cells as key players in effective cancer treatment. Peptide vaccines directly targeting immune cells have demonstrated immense potential due to their specificity and applicability. However, developing peptide vaccines to generate tumor-reactive T cells remains challenging, primarily due to suboptimal immunogenicity and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss various elements of effective peptide vaccines, including antigen selection, peptide epitope optimization, vaccine adjuvants, and the combination of multiple immunotherapies, in addition to recent advances in tumor neoantigens as well as epitopes bound by non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, to increase the understanding of cancer peptide vaccines and provide multiple references for the design of subsequent T cell-based peptide vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peihua Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Bai
- In Vivo Pharmacology Unit, WuXi AppTec, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiluan Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Voogd L, van Wolfswinkel M, Satti I, White AD, Dijkman K, Gela A, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KLMC, Marshall JL, Ottenhoff THM, Scriba TJ, McShane H, Sharpe SA, Verreck FAW, Joosten SA. Mtb specific HLA-E restricted T cells are induced during Mtb infection but not after BCG administration in non-human primates and humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.26.609630. [PMID: 39253433 PMCID: PMC11383316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.26.609630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Novel vaccines targeting the world's deadliest pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are urgently needed as the efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in its current use is limited. HLA-E is a virtually monomorphic unconventional antigen presentation molecule and HLA-E restricted Mtb specific CD8+ T cells can control intracellular Mtb growth, making HLA-E a promising vaccine target for Mtb. In this study, we evaluated the frequency and phenotype of HLA-E restricted Mtb specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells in the circulation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of two independent non-human primate (NHP) studies and from humans receiving BCG either intradermally or mucosally. BCG vaccination followed by Mtb challenge in NHPs did not affect the frequency of circulating and local HLA-E/Mtb CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and we saw the same in humans receiving BCG. HLA-E/Mtb T cell frequencies were significantly increased after Mtb challenge in unvaccinated NHPs, which was correlated with higher TB pathology. Together, HLA-E/Mtb restricted T cells are minimally induced by BCG in humans and rhesus macaques (RMs) but can be elicited after Mtb infection in unvaccinated RMs. These results give new insights into targeting HLA-E as a potential immune mechanism against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Voogd
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Wolfswinkel
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | | | - Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krista E van Meijgaarden
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julia L Marshall
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | | | | | - Simone A Joosten
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hwang JK, Marston DJ, Wrapp D, Li D, Tuyishime M, Brackenridge S, Rhodes B, Quastel M, Kapingidza AB, Gater J, Harner A, Wang Y, Rountree W, Ferrari G, Borrow P, McMichael AJ, Gillespie GM, Haynes BF, Azoitei ML. A high affinity monoclonal antibody against HLA-E-VL9 enhances natural killer cell anti-tumor killing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602401. [PMID: 39026709 PMCID: PMC11257447 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells kill target cells following triggering via germline-encoded receptors interacting with target cell-expressed ligands (direct killing), or via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by FcγRIIIa. NK cytotoxicity is modulated by signaling through activating or inhibitory receptors. A major checkpoint is mediated by the NK inhibitory receptor NKG2A/CD94 and its target cell ligand, HLA-E, which is complexed with HLA signal sequence-derived peptides termed VL9 (HLA-E-VL9). We have previously reported the isolation of a murine HLA-E-VL9-specific IgM antibody 3H4 and the generation of a higher affinity IgG version (3H4v3). Here we have used phage display library selection to generate a high affinity version of 3H4v3, called 3H4v31, with an ∼700 fold increase in binding affinity. We show using an HLA-E-VL9+ K562 tumor model that, in vitro, the addition of 3H4v31 to target cells increased direct killing of targets by CD16-negative NK cell line NK-92 and also mediated ADCC by NK-92 cells transfected with CD16. Moreover, ADCC by primary NK cells was also enhanced in vitro by 3H4v31. 3H4v31 was also able to bind and enhance target cell lysis of endogenously expressed HLA-E-VL9 on human cervical cancer and human pancreatic cancer cell lines. In vivo, 3H4v31 slowed the growth rate of HLA-E-VL9+ K562 tumors implanted into NOD/SCID/IL2rγ null mice compared to isotype control when injected with NK-92 cells intratumorally. Together, these data demonstrate that mAb 3H4v31 can enhance NK cell killing of HLA-E-VL9-expressing tumor cells in vitro by both direct killing activity and by ADCC. Moreover, mAb 3H4v31 can enhance NK cell control of tumor growth in vivo. We thus identify HLA-E-VL9 monoclonal antibodies as a promising novel anti-tumor immunotherapy. One Sentence Summary A high affinity monoclonal antibody against HLA-E-VL9 enhances natural killer cell anti-tumor killing by checkpoint inhibition and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Armani-Tourret M, Bone B, Tan TS, Sun W, Bellefroid M, Struyve T, Louella M, Yu XG, Lichterfeld M. Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:328-344. [PMID: 38337034 PMCID: PMC11131351 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Successful approaches for eradication or cure of HIV-1 infection are likely to include immunological mechanisms, but remarkably little is known about how human immune responses can recognize and interact with the few HIV-1-infected cells that harbour genome-intact viral DNA, persist long term despite antiretroviral therapy and represent the main barrier to a cure. For a long time regarded as being completely shielded from host immune responses due to viral latency, these cells do, on closer examination with single-cell analytic techniques, display discrete footprints of immune selection, implying that human immune responses may be able to effectively engage and target at least some of these cells. The failure to eliminate rebound-competent virally infected cells in the majority of persons likely reflects the evolution of a highly selected pool of reservoir cells that are effectively camouflaged from immune recognition or rely on sophisticated approaches for resisting immune-mediated killing. Understanding the fine-tuned interplay between host immune responses and viral reservoir cells will help to design improved interventions that exploit the immunological vulnerabilities of HIV-1 reservoir cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Armani-Tourret
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Bone
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toong Seng Tan
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maxime Bellefroid
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tine Struyve
- HIV Cure Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Louella
- Community Advisory Board, Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iyer RF, Verweij MC, Nair SS, Morrow D, Mansouri M, Chakravarty D, Beechwood T, Meyer C, Uebelhoer L, Lauron EJ, Selseth A, John N, Thin TH, Dzedzik S, Havenar-Daughton C, Axthelm MK, Douglas J, Korman A, Bhardwaj N, Tewari AK, Hansen S, Malouli D, Picker LJ, Früh K. CD8 + T cell targeting of tumor antigens presented by HLA-E. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7515. [PMID: 38728394 PMCID: PMC11086602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex E (MHC-E) molecule is up-regulated on many cancer cells, thus contributing to immune evasion by engaging inhibitory NKG2A/CD94 receptors on NK cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells. To investigate whether MHC-E expression by cancer cells can be targeted for MHC-E-restricted T cell control, we immunized rhesus macaques (RM) with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors genetically programmed to elicit MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells and to express established tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) including prostatic acidic phosphatase (PAP), Wilms tumor-1 protein, or Mesothelin. T cell responses to all three tumor antigens were comparable to viral antigen-specific responses with respect to frequency, duration, phenotype, epitope density, and MHC restriction. Thus, CMV-vectored cancer vaccines can bypass central tolerance by eliciting T cells to noncanonical epitopes. We further demonstrate that PAP-specific, MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells from RhCMV/PAP-immunized RM respond to PAP-expressing HLA-E+ prostate cancer cells, suggesting that the HLA-E/NKG2A immune checkpoint can be exploited for CD8+ T cell-based immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi F. Iyer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Marieke C. Verweij
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Sujit S. Nair
- Department of Urology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Mandana Mansouri
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Dimple Chakravarty
- Department of Urology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Teresa Beechwood
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | - Luke Uebelhoer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | - Andrea Selseth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Nessy John
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Tin Htwe Thin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Siarhei Dzedzik
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | - Alan Korman
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 14158, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Department of Urology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K. Tewari
- Department of Urology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Scott Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Louis J. Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Voogd L, Drittij AM, Dingenouts CK, Franken KL, Unen VV, van Meijgaarden KE, Ruibal P, Hagedoorn RS, Leitner JA, Steinberger P, Heemskerk MH, Davis MM, Scriba TJ, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Mtb HLA-E-tetramer-sorted CD8 + T cells have a diverse TCR repertoire. iScience 2024; 27:109233. [PMID: 38439958 PMCID: PMC10909886 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
HLA-E molecules can present self- and pathogen-derived peptides to both natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. T cells that recognize HLA-E peptides via their T cell receptor (TCR) are termed donor-unrestricted T cells due to restricted allelic variation of HLA-E. The composition and repertoire of HLA-E TCRs is not known so far. We performed TCR sequencing on CD8+ T cells from 21 individuals recognizing HLA-E tetramers (TMs) folded with two Mtb-HLA-E-restricted peptides. We sorted HLA-E Mtb TM+ and TM- CD8+ T cells directly ex vivo and performed bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell TCR sequencing. The identified TCR repertoire was diverse and showed no conservation between and within individuals. TCRs selected from our single-cell TCR sequencing data could be activated upon HLA-E/peptide stimulation, although not robust, reflecting potentially weak interactions between HLA-E peptide complexes and TCRs. Thus, HLA-E-Mtb-specific T cells have a highly diverse TCR repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Voogd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M.H.F. Drittij
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Calinda K.E. Dingenouts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kees L.M.C. Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Paula Ruibal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renate S. Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A. Leitner
- Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wallace Z, Heunis T, Paterson RL, Suckling RJ, Grant T, Dembek M, Donoso J, Brener J, Long J, Bunjobpol W, Gibbs-Howe D, Kay DP, Leneghan DB, Godinho LF, Walker A, Singh PK, Knox A, Leonard S, Dorrell L. Instability of the HLA-E peptidome of HIV presents a major barrier to therapeutic targeting. Mol Ther 2024; 32:678-688. [PMID: 38219014 PMCID: PMC10928138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring T cells that recognize microbial peptides via HLA-E, a nonpolymorphic HLA class Ib molecule, could provide the foundation for new universal immunotherapeutics. However, confidence in the biological relevance of putative ligands is crucial, given that the mechanisms by which pathogen-derived peptides can access the HLA-E presentation pathway are poorly understood. We systematically interrogated the HIV proteome using immunopeptidomic and bioinformatic approaches, coupled with biochemical and cellular assays. No HIV HLA-E peptides were identified by tandem mass spectrometry analysis of HIV-infected cells. In addition, all bioinformatically predicted HIV peptide ligands (>80) were characterized by poor complex stability. Furthermore, infected cell elimination assays using an affinity-enhanced T cell receptor bispecific targeted to a previously reported HIV Gag HLA-E epitope demonstrated inconsistent presentation of the peptide, despite normal HLA-E expression on HIV-infected cells. This work highlights the instability of the HIV HLA-E peptidome as a major challenge for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Wallace
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK.
| | - Tiaan Heunis
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Donoso
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | - Joshua Long
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel P Kay
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Knox
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | - Lucy Dorrell
- Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li K, Zhang Q. Eliminating the HIV tissue reservoir: current strategies and challenges. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:165-182. [PMID: 38149977 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2298450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the most widespread and harmful infectious diseases in the world. The presence of reservoirs housing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a significant impediment to the development of clinically applicable treatments on a large scale. The viral load in the blood can be effectively reduced to undetectable levels through antiretroviral therapy (ART), and a higher concentration of HIV is sequestered in various tissues throughout the body, forming the tissue reservoir - the source of viremia after interruption treatment. METHODS We take the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as a guideline for this review. In June 2023, we used the Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases to search the relevant literature published in the last decade. RESULTS Here we review the current strategies and treatments for eliminating the HIV tissue reservoirs: early and intensive therapy, gene therapy (including ribozyme, RNA interference, RNA aptamer, zinc finger enzyme, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)), 'Shock and Kill', 'Block and lock', immunotherapy (including therapeutic vaccines, broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T)), and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CONCLUSION The existence of an HIV reservoir is the main obstacle to the complete cure of AIDS. Choosing the appropriate strategy to deplete the HIV reservoir and achieve a functional cure for AIDS is the focus and difficulty of current research. So far, there has been a lot of research and progress in reducing the HIV reservoir, but in general, the current research is still very preliminary. Much research is still needed to properly assess the reliability, effectiveness, and necessity of these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grasberger P, Sondrini AR, Clayton KL. Harnessing immune cells to eliminate HIV reservoirs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:62-68. [PMID: 38167784 PMCID: PMC10908255 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite decades of insights about how CD8 + T cells and natural killer (NK) cells contribute to natural control of infection, additional hurdles (mutational escape from cellular immunity, sequence diversity, and hard-to-access tissue reservoirs) will need to be overcome to develop a cure. In this review, we highlight recent findings of novel mechanisms of antiviral cellular immunity and discuss current strategies for therapeutic deisgn. RECENT FINDINGS Of note are the apparent converging roles of viral antigen-specific MHC-E-restricted CD8 + T cells and NK cells, interleukin (IL)-15 biologics to boost cytotoxicity, and broadly neutralizing antibodies in their native form or as anitbody fragments to neutralize virus and engage cellular immunity, respectively. Finally, renewed interest in myeloid cells as relevant viral reservoirs is an encouraging sign for designing inclusive therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY Several studies have shown promise in many preclinical models of disease, including simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/SHIV infection in nonhuman primates and HIV infection in humanized mice. However, each model comes with its own limitations and may not fully predict human responses. We eagerly await the results of clinical trails assessing the efficacy of these strategies to achieve reductions in viral reservoirs, delay viral rebound, or ultimately elicit immune based control of infection without combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Grasberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
| | | | - Kiera L. Clayton
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lippert AH, Paluch C, Gaglioni M, Vuong MT, McColl J, Jenkins E, Fellermeyer M, Clarke J, Sharma S, Moreira da Silva S, Akkaya B, Anzilotti C, Morgan SH, Jessup CF, Körbel M, Gileadi U, Leitner J, Knox R, Chirifu M, Huo J, Yu S, Ashman N, Lui Y, Wilkinson I, Attfield KE, Fugger L, Robertson NJ, Lynch CJ, Murray L, Steinberger P, Santos AM, Lee SF, Cornall RJ, Klenerman D, Davis SJ. Antibody agonists trigger immune receptor signaling through local exclusion of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases. Immunity 2024; 57:256-270.e10. [PMID: 38354703 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies can block immune receptor engagement or trigger the receptor machinery to initiate signaling. We hypothesized that antibody agonists trigger signaling by sterically excluding large receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) such as CD45 from sites of receptor engagement. An agonist targeting the costimulatory receptor CD28 produced signals that depended on antibody immobilization and were sensitive to the sizes of the receptor, the RPTPs, and the antibody itself. Although both the agonist and a non-agonistic anti-CD28 antibody locally excluded CD45, the agonistic antibody was more effective. An anti-PD-1 antibody that bound membrane proximally excluded CD45, triggered Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 recruitment, and suppressed systemic lupus erythematosus and delayed-type hypersensitivity in experimental models. Paradoxically, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, anti-PD-1-blocking antibodies used clinically, also excluded CD45 and were agonistic in certain settings. Reducing these agonistic effects using antibody engineering improved PD-1 blockade. These findings establish a framework for developing new and improved therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Paluch
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MiroBio Ltd, Winchester House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Meike Gaglioni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mai T Vuong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James McColl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Fellermeyer
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Clarke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumana Sharma
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Billur Akkaya
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara H Morgan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire F Jessup
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Körbel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel Knox
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mami Chirifu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Yu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Ashman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuan Lui
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kathrine E Attfield
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lynne Murray
- MiroBio Ltd, Winchester House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guan J, Peske JD, Manoharan Valerio M, Park C, Robey EA, Sadegh-Nasseri S. Commensal bacteria maintain a Qa-1 b-restricted unconventional CD8 + T population in gut epithelium. eLife 2023; 12:RP90466. [PMID: 38127067 PMCID: PMC10735220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are characterized by an unusual phenotype and developmental pathway, yet their specific ligands and functions remain largely unknown. Here by analysis of QFL T cells, a population of CD8+ T cells critical for monitoring the MHC I antigen processing pathway, we established that unconventional Qa-1b-restricted CD8+ T cells are abundant in intestinal epithelium. We found that QFL T cells showed a Qa-1b-dependent unconventional phenotype in the spleen and small intestine of naïve wild-type mice. The splenic QFL T cells showed innate-like functionality exemplified by rapid response to cytokines or antigens, while the gut population was refractory to stimuli. Microbiota was required for the maintenance, but not the initial gut homing of QFL T cells. Moreover, monocolonization with Pediococcus pentosaceus, which expresses a peptide that cross-activated QFL T cells, was sufficient to maintain QFL T cells in the intestine. Thus, microbiota is critical for shaping the Qa-1b-restricted IEL landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - J David Peske
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael Manoharan Valerio
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Chansu Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Borgo GM, Rutishauser RL. Generating and measuring effective vaccine-elicited HIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:331-341. [PMID: 37751362 PMCID: PMC10552829 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is growing consensus that eliciting CD8 + T cells in addition to antibodies may be required for an effective HIV vaccine for both prevention and cure. Here, we review key qualities of vaccine-elicited CD8 + T cells as well as major CD8 + T cell-based delivery platforms used in recent HIV vaccine clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Much progress has been made in improving HIV immunogen design and delivery platforms to optimize CD8 + T cell responses. With regards to viral vectors, recent trials have tested newer chimp and human adenovirus vectors as well as a CMV vector. DNA vaccine immunogenicity has been increased by delivering the vaccines by electroporation and together with adjuvants as well as administering them as part of a heterologous regimen. In preclinical models, self-amplifying RNA vaccines can generate durable tissue-based CD8 + T cells. While it may be beneficial for HIV vaccines to recapitulate the functional and phenotypic features of HIV-specific CD8 + T cells isolated from elite controllers, most of these features are not routinely measured in HIV vaccine clinical trials. SUMMARY Identifying a vaccine capable of generating durable T cell responses that target mutationally vulnerable epitopes and that can rapidly intercept infecting or rebounding virus remains a challenge for HIV. Comprehensive assessment of HIV vaccine-elicited CD8 + T cells, as well as comparisons between different vaccine platforms, will be critical to advance our understanding of how to design better CD8 + T cell-based vaccines for HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Borgo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manoharan Valerio M, Arana K, Guan J, Chan SW, Yang X, Kurd N, Lee A, Shastri N, Coscoy L, Robey EA. The promiscuous development of an unconventional Qa1b-restricted T cell population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250316. [PMID: 38022509 PMCID: PMC10644506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC-E restricted CD8 T cells show promise in vaccine settings, but their development and specificity remain poorly understood. Here we focus on a CD8 T cell population reactive to a self-peptide (FL9) bound to mouse MHC-E (Qa-1b) that is presented in response to loss of the MHC I processing enzyme ERAAP, termed QFL T cells. We find that mature QFL thymocytes are predominantly CD8αβ+CD4-, show signs of agonist selection, and give rise to both CD8αα and CD8αβ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), as well as memory phenotype CD8αβ T cells. QFL T cells require the MHC I subunit β-2 microglobulin (β2m), but do not require Qa1b or classical MHC I for positive selection. However, QFL thymocytes do require Qa1b for agonist selection and full functionality. Our data highlight the relaxed requirements for positive selection of an MHC-E restricted T cell population and suggest a CD8αβ+CD4- pathway for development of CD8αα IELs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Manoharan Valerio
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kathya Arana
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiao Wei Chan
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nadia Kurd
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Angus Lee
- Gene Targeting Facility Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ellen A. Robey
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huisman BD, Guan N, Rückert T, Garner L, Singh NK, McMichael AJ, Gillespie GM, Romagnani C, Birnbaum ME. High-throughput characterization of HLA-E-presented CD94/NKG2x ligands reveals peptides which modulate NK cell activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4809. [PMID: 37558657 PMCID: PMC10412585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-E is a non-classical class I MHC protein involved in innate and adaptive immune recognition. While recent studies have shown HLA-E can present diverse peptides to NK cells and T cells, the HLA-E repertoire recognized by CD94/NKG2x has remained poorly defined, with only a limited number of peptide ligands identified. Here we screen a yeast-displayed peptide library in the context of HLA-E to identify 500 high-confidence unique peptides that bind both HLA-E and CD94/NKG2A or CD94/NKG2C. Utilizing the sequences identified via yeast display selections, we train prediction algorithms and identify human and cytomegalovirus (CMV) proteome-derived, HLA-E-presented peptides capable of binding and signaling through both CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C. In addition, we identify peptides which selectively activate NKG2C+ NK cells. Taken together, characterization of the HLA-E-binding peptide repertoire and identification of NK activity-modulating peptides present opportunities for studies of NK cell regulation in health and disease, in addition to vaccine and therapeutic design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Huisman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ning Guan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), ein Leibniz Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lee Garner
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nishant K Singh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), ein Leibniz Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael E Birnbaum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang H, Sun H, Brackenridge S, Zhuang X, Wing PAC, Quastel M, Walters L, Garner L, Wang B, Yao X, Felce SL, Peng Y, Moore S, Peeters BWA, Rei M, Canto Gomes J, Tomas A, Davidson A, Semple MG, Turtle LCW, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Mentzer AJ, Klenerman P, Borrow P, Dong T, McKeating JA, Gillespie GM, McMichael AJ. HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients suppress virus replication despite HLA class Ia down-regulation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabl8881. [PMID: 37390223 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell responses restricted by the nonpolymorphic nonclassical class Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) are rarely reported in viral infections. The natural HLA-E ligand is a signal peptide derived from classical class Ia HLA molecules that interact with the NKG2/CD94 receptors to regulate natural killer cell functions, but pathogen-derived peptides can also be presented by HLA-E. Here, we describe five peptides from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that elicited HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019. These T cell responses were identified in the blood at frequencies similar to those reported for classical HLA-Ia-restricted anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cells. HLA-E peptide-specific CD8+ T cell clones, which expressed diverse T cell receptors, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection markedly down-regulated classical HLA class I expression in Calu-3 cells and primary reconstituted human airway epithelial cells, whereas HLA-E expression was not affected, enabling T cell recognition. Thus, HLA-E-restricted T cells could contribute to the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection alongside classical T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Yang
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong Sun
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Depertment of Clinical Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Depertment of Clinical Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Max Quastel
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Walters
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Garner
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xuan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shona Moore
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bas W A Peeters
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Margarida Rei
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Joao Canto Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Tomas
- Unidada de Investigacao em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, EPE Lisbon, Portugal
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrew Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Unit, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Lance C W Turtle
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Depertment of Clinical Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geiger KM, Manoharan M, Coombs R, Arana K, Park CS, Lee AY, Shastri N, Robey EA, Coscoy L. Murine cytomegalovirus downregulates ERAAP and induces an unconventional T cell response to self. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112317. [PMID: 36995940 PMCID: PMC10539480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP) plays a crucial role in shaping the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I repertoire and maintaining immune surveillance. While murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) has multiple strategies for manipulating the antigen processing pathway to evade immune responses, the host has also developed ways to counter viral immune evasion. In this study, we find that MCMV modulates ERAAP and induces an interferon γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+ T cell effector response that targets uninfected ERAAP-deficient cells. We observe that ERAAP downregulation during infection leads to the presentation of the self-peptide FL9 on non-classical Qa-1b, thereby eliciting Qa-1b-restricted QFL T cells to proliferate in the liver and spleen of infected mice. QFL T cells upregulate effector markers upon MCMV infection and are sufficient to reduce viral load after transfer to immunodeficient mice. Our study highlights the consequences of ERAAP dysfunction during viral infection and provides potential targets for anti-viral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Geiger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Manoharan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rachel Coombs
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kathya Arana
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angus Y Lee
- Cancer Research Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Picker LJ, Lifson JD, Gale M, Hansen SG, Früh K. Programming cytomegalovirus as an HIV vaccine. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:287-304. [PMID: 36894436 PMCID: PMC10089689 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The initial development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a vaccine vector for HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was predicated on its potential to pre-position high-frequency, effector-differentiated, CD8+ T cells in tissues for immediate immune interception of nascent primary infection. This goal was achieved and also led to the unexpected discoveries that non-human primate (NHP) CMVs can be programmed to differentially elicit CD8+ T cell responses that recognize viral peptides via classical MHC-Ia, and/or MHC-II, and/or MHC-E, and that MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses can uniquely mediate stringent arrest and subsequent clearance of highly pathogenic SIV, an unprecedented type of vaccine-mediated protection. These discoveries delineate CMV vector-elicited MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells as a functionally distinct T cell response with the potential for superior efficacy against HIV-1, and possibly other infectious agents or cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jenkins E, Körbel M, O'Brien-Ball C, McColl J, Chen KY, Kotowski M, Humphrey J, Lippert AH, Brouwer H, Santos AM, Lee SF, Davis SJ, Klenerman D. Antigen discrimination by T cells relies on size-constrained microvillar contact. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1611. [PMID: 36959206 PMCID: PMC10036606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells use finger-like protrusions called 'microvilli' to interrogate their targets, but why they do so is unknown. To form contacts, T cells must overcome the highly charged, barrier-like layer of large molecules forming a target cell's glycocalyx. Here, T cells are observed to use microvilli to breach a model glycocalyx barrier, forming numerous small (<0.5 μm diameter) contacts each of which is stabilized by the small adhesive protein CD2 expressed by the T cell, and excludes large proteins including CD45, allowing sensitive, antigen dependent TCR signaling. In the absence of the glycocalyx or when microvillar contact-size is increased by enhancing CD2 expression, strong signaling occurs that is no longer antigen dependent. Our observations suggest that, modulated by the opposing effects of the target cell glycocalyx and small adhesive proteins, the use of microvilli equips T cells with the ability to effect discriminatory receptor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jenkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Markus Körbel
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Caitlin O'Brien-Ball
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - James McColl
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kevin Y Chen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mateusz Kotowski
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jane Humphrey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Anna H Lippert
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heather Brouwer
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Simon J Davis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - David Klenerman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodríguez-Agustín A, Casanova V, Grau-Expósito J, Sánchez-Palomino S, Alcamí J, Climent N. Immunomodulatory Activity of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dasatinib to Elicit NK Cytotoxicity against Cancer, HIV Infection and Aging. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030917. [PMID: 36986778 PMCID: PMC10055786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been extensively used as a treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Dasatinib is a broad-spectrum TKI with off-target effects that give it an immunomodulatory capacity resulting in increased innate immune responses against cancerous cells and viral infected cells. Several studies reported that dasatinib expanded memory-like natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells that have been related with increased control of CML after treatment withdrawal. In the HIV infection setting, these innate cells are associated with virus control and protection, suggesting that dasatinib could have a potential role in improving both the CML and HIV outcomes. Moreover, dasatinib could also directly induce apoptosis of senescence cells, being a new potential senolytic drug. Here, we review in depth the current knowledge of virological and immunogenetic factors associated with the development of powerful cytotoxic responses associated with this drug. Besides, we will discuss the potential therapeutic role against CML, HIV infection and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Casanova
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Grau-Expósito
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Climent
- HIV Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2275400 (ext. 3144); Fax: +34-93-2271775
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van Wolfswinkel M, van Meijgaarden KE, Ottenhoff THM, Niewold P, Joosten SA. Extensive flow cytometric immunophenotyping of human PBMC incorporating detection of chemokine receptors, cytokines and tetramers. Cytometry A 2023. [PMID: 36898852 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of immune cells is essential to advance our understanding of immunology and flow cytometry is an important tool in this context. Addressing both cellular phenotype and antigen-specific functional responses of the same cells is valuable to achieve a more integrated understanding of immune cell behavior and maximizes information obtained from precious samples. Until recently, panel size was limiting, resulting in panels generally focused on either deep immunophenotyping or functional readouts. Ongoing developments in the field of (spectral) flow cytometry have made panels of 30+ markers more accessible, opening up possibilities for advanced integrated analyses. Here, we optimized immune phenotyping by co-detection of markers covering chemokine receptors, cytokines and specific T cell/peptide tetramer interaction using a 32-color panel. Such panels enable integrated analysis of cellular phenotypes and markers assessing the quality of immune responses and will contribute to our understanding of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Niewold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ruibal P, Derksen I, van Wolfswinkel M, Voogd L, Franken KLMC, El Hebieshy AF, van Hall T, Schoufour TAW, Wijdeven RH, Ottenhoff THM, Scheeren FA, Joosten SA. Thermal-exchange HLA-E multimers reveal specificity in HLA-E and NKG2A/CD94 complex interactions. Immunology 2023; 168:526-537. [PMID: 36217755 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in HLA-E-restricted T-cell responses as a possible novel, highly conserved, vaccination targets in the context of infectious and malignant diseases. The developing field of HLA multimers for the detection and study of peptide-specific T cells has allowed the in-depth study of TCR repertoires and molecular requirements for efficient antigen presentation and T-cell activation. In this study, we developed a method for efficient peptide thermal exchange on HLA-E monomers and multimers allowing the high-throughput production of HLA-E multimers. We optimized the thermal-mediated peptide exchange, and flow cytometry staining conditions for the detection of TCR and NKG2A/CD94 receptors, showing that this novel approach can be used for high-throughput identification and analysis of HLA-E-binding peptides which could be involved in T-cell and NK cell-mediated immune responses. Importantly, our analysis of NKG2A/CD94 interaction in the presence of modified peptides led to new molecular insights governing the interaction of HLA-E with this receptor. In particular, our results reveal that interactions of HLA-E with NKG2A/CD94 and the TCR involve different residues. Altogether, we present a novel HLA-E multimer technology based on thermal-mediated peptide exchange allowing us to investigate the molecular requirements for HLA-E/peptide interaction with its receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruibal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Derksen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Voogd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela F El Hebieshy
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A W Schoufour
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Wijdeven
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Haynes BF, Wiehe K, Borrow P, Saunders KO, Korber B, Wagh K, McMichael AJ, Kelsoe G, Hahn BH, Alt F, Shaw GM. Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:142-158. [PMID: 35962033 PMCID: PMC9372928 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
After nearly four decades of research, a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. There are many reasons why the development of a potent and durable HIV-1 vaccine is challenging, including the extraordinary genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its complex mechanisms of immune evasion. HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins are poorly recognized by the immune system, which means that potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are only infrequently induced in the setting of HIV-1 infection or through vaccination. Thus, the biology of HIV-1-host interactions necessitates novel strategies for vaccine development to be designed to activate and expand rare bnAb-producing B cell lineages and to select for the acquisition of critical improbable bnAb mutations. Here we discuss strategies for the induction of potent and broad HIV-1 bnAbs and outline the steps that may be necessary for ultimate success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Alt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alrubayyi A, Rowland-Jones S, Peppa D. Natural killer cells during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for HIV-1 prevention and therapy. AIDS 2022; 36:1903-1915. [PMID: 35851334 PMCID: PMC9612724 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in preexposure prophylaxis, the number of newly diagnosed cases with HIV-1 remains high, highlighting the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce HIV-1 acquisition and limit disease progression. Early immunological events, occurring during acute infection, are key determinants of the outcome and course of disease. Understanding early immune responses occurring before viral set-point is established, is critical to identify potential targets for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Natural killer (NK) cells represent a key cellular component of innate immunity and contribute to the early host defence against HIV-1 infection, modulating the pathogenesis of acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Emerging studies have identified tools for harnessing NK cell responses and expanding specialized NK subpopulations with adaptive/memory features, paving the way for development of novel HIV-1 therapeutics. This review highlights the knowns and unknowns regarding the role of NK cell subsets in the containment of acute HIV-1 infection, and summarizes recent advances in selectively augmenting NK cell functions through prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
| | | | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, CNWL NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meissner TB, Schulze HS, Dale SM. Immune Editing: Overcoming Immune Barriers in Stem Cell Transplantation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:206-218. [PMID: 36406259 PMCID: PMC9643905 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of inborn and degenerative diseases, including aging and autoimmunity. A major barrier to their wider adoption in cell therapies is immune rejection. Genome editing allows for tinkering of the human genome in stem and progenitor cells and raises the prospect for overcoming the immune barriers to transplantation. Recent Findings Initial attempts have focused primarily on the major histocompatibility barrier that is formed by the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1, CD47, or HLA-G, are being explored both, in the presence or absence of HLA, to mitigate immune rejection by the various cellular components of the immune system. Summary In this review, we discuss progress in surmounting immune barriers to cell transplantation, with a particular focus on genetic engineering of human pluripotent stem and progenitor cells and the therapeutic cell types derived from them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten B. Meissner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Henrike S. Schulze
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stanley M. Dale
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ruibal P, Franken KLMC, van Meijgaarden KE, van Wolfswinkel M, Derksen I, Scheeren FA, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Sarfas C, White AD, Sharpe SA, Palmieri F, Petrone L, Goletti D, Abeel T, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. Identification of HLA-E Binding Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Derived Epitopes through Improved Prediction Models. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1555-1565. [PMID: 36096642 PMCID: PMC9536328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide, posing great social and economic burden to affected countries. Novel vaccine approaches are needed to increase protective immunity against the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and to reduce the development of active TB disease in latently infected individuals. Donor-unrestricted T cell responses represent such novel potential vaccine targets. HLA-E-restricted T cell responses have been shown to play an important role in protection against TB and other infections, and recent studies have demonstrated that these cells can be primed in vitro. However, the identification of novel pathogen-derived HLA-E binding peptides presented by infected target cells has been limited by the lack of accurate prediction algorithms for HLA-E binding. In this study, we developed an improved HLA-E binding peptide prediction algorithm and implemented it to identify (to our knowledge) novel Mtb-derived peptides with capacity to induce CD8+ T cell activation and that were recognized by specific HLA-E-restricted T cells in Mycobacterium-exposed humans. Altogether, we present a novel algorithm for the identification of pathogen- or self-derived HLA-E-presented peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruibal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ian Derksen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- Research and Development Department, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D White
- Research and Development Department, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A Sharpe
- Research and Development Department, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; and
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Malouli D, Gilbride RM, Wu HL, Hwang JM, Maier N, Hughes CM, Newhouse D, Morrow D, Ventura AB, Law L, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore L, Smith E, Golez I, Chang J, Reed JS, Waytashek C, Weber W, Taher H, Uebelhoer LS, Womack JL, McArdle MR, Gao J, Papen CR, Lifson JD, Burwitz BJ, Axthelm MK, Smedley J, Früh K, Gale M, Picker LJ, Hansen SG, Sacha JB. Cytomegalovirus-vaccine-induced unconventional T cell priming and control of SIV replication is conserved between primate species. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1207-1218.e7. [PMID: 35981532 PMCID: PMC9927879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Strain 68-1 rhesus cytomegalovirus expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens (RhCMV/SIV) primes MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells that control SIV replication in 50%-60% of the vaccinated rhesus macaques. Whether this unconventional SIV-specific immunity and protection is unique to rhesus macaques or RhCMV or is intrinsic to CMV remains unknown. Here, using cynomolgus CMV vectors expressing SIV antigens (CyCMV/SIV) and Mauritian cynomolgus macaques, we demonstrate that the induction of MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells requires matching CMV to its host species. RhCMV does not elicit MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells in cynomolgus macaques. However, cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with species-matched 68-1-like CyCMV/SIV mounted MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells, and half of the vaccinees stringently controlled SIV post-challenge. Protected animals manifested a vaccine-induced IL-15 transcriptomic signature that is associated with efficacy in rhesus macaques. These findings demonstrate that the ability of species-matched CMV vectors to elicit MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells that are required for anti-SIV efficacy is conserved in nonhuman primates, and these data support the development of HCMV/HIV for a prophylactic HIV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Roxanne M Gilbride
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Helen L Wu
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Joseph M Hwang
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Nicholas Maier
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Daniel Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lynn Law
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Leanne Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elise Smith
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Inah Golez
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jean Chang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Courtney Waytashek
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Whitney Weber
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Husam Taher
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Luke S Uebelhoer
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jennie L Womack
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Matthew R McArdle
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Junwei Gao
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Courtney R Papen
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Benjamin J Burwitz
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wallace Z, Singh PK, Dorrell L. Combination strategies to durably suppress HIV-1: Soluble T cell receptors. J Virus Erad 2022; 8:100082. [PMID: 36065296 PMCID: PMC9440443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic interventions to enhance natural HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, such as vaccination or adoptive T cell transfer, have been a major focus of HIV cure efforts. However, these approaches have not been effective in overcoming viral immune evasion mechanisms. Soluble T cell receptor (TCR) bispecifics are a new class of 'off-the-shelf' therapeutic designed to address these limitations. These biologics are built on the Immune mobilising monoclonal TCRs against X disease (ImmTAX) platform, which was pioneered in oncology and recently validated by the FDA's approval of tebentafusp for treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma. ImmTAV® are an application of this technology undergoing clinical development for the elimination of chronic viral infections. ImmTAV molecules comprise an affinity-enhanced virus-specific TCR fused to an anti-CD3 effector domain. Engineering of the TCR confers extraordinary specificity and affinity for cognate viral antigen and the anti-CD3 enables retargeting of non-exhausted cytolytic T cells, irrespective of their specificity. These features enable ImmTAV molecules to detect and kill infected cells, even when expressing very low levels of antigen, bypassing ineffective host immune responses. Furthermore, the modularity of the platform allows for engineering of TCRs that effectively target viral variants. In this review, we discuss the progress made in the development of ImmTAV molecules as therapeutics for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B and HIV, from concept to the clinic.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immunological studies of spontaneous HIV and simian virus (SIV) controllers have identified virus-specific CD8 + T cells as a key immune mechanism of viral control. The purpose of this review is to consider how knowledge about the mechanisms that are associated with CD8 + T cell control of HIV/SIV in natural infection can be harnessed in HIV remission strategies. RECENT FINDINGS We discuss characteristics of CD8 + T-cell responses that may be critical for suppressing HIV replication in spontaneous controllers comprising HIV antigen recognition including specific human leukocyte antigen types, broadly cross-reactive T cell receptors and epitope targeting, enhanced expansion and antiviral functions, and localization of virus-specific T cells near sites of reservoir persistence. We also discuss the need to better understand the timing of CD8 + T-cell responses associated with viral control of HIV/SIV during acute infection and after treatment interruption as well as the mechanisms by which HIV/SIV-specific CD8 + T cells coordinate with other immune responses to achieve control. SUMMARY We propose implications as to how this knowledge from natural infection can be applied in the design and evaluation of CD8 + T-cell-based remission strategies and offer questions to consider as these strategies target distinct CD8 + T-cell-dependent mechanisms of viral control.
Collapse
|
30
|
Medetgul-Ernar K, Davis MM. Standing on the shoulders of mice. Immunity 2022; 55:1343-1353. [PMID: 35947979 PMCID: PMC10035762 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
While inbred mice have informed most of what we know about the immune system in the modern era, they have clear limitations with respect to their ability to be informative regarding genetic heterogeneity or microbial influences. They have also not been very predictive as models of human disease or vaccination results. Although there are concerted attempts to compensate for these flaws, the rapid rise of human studies, driven by both technical and conceptual advances, promises to fill in these gaps, as well as provide direct information about human diseases and vaccination responses. Work on human immunity has already provided important additional perspectives on basic immunology such as the importance of clonal deletion to self-tolerance, and while many challenges remain, it seems inevitable that "the human model" will continue to inform us about the immune system and even allow for the discovery of new mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwat Medetgul-Ernar
- Immunology Program, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barber C, De Souza VA, Paterson RL, Martin‐Urdiroz M, Mulakkal NC, Srikannathasan V, Connolly M, Phillips G, Foong‐Leong T, Pengelly R, Karuppiah V, Grant T, Dembek M, Verma A, Gibbs‐Howe D, Blicher TH, Knox A, Robinson RA, Cole DK, Leonard S. Structure-guided stabilization of pathogen-derived peptide-HLA-E complexes using non-natural amino acids conserves native TCR recognition. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:618-632. [PMID: 35108401 PMCID: PMC9306587 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The nonpolymorphic class Ib molecule, HLA-E, primarily presents peptides from HLA class Ia leader peptides, providing an inhibitory signal to NK cells via CD94/NKG2 interactions. Although peptides of pathogenic origin can also be presented by HLA-E to T cells, the molecular basis underpinning their role in antigen surveillance is largely unknown. Here, we solved a co-complex crystal structure of a TCR with an HLA-E presented peptide (pHLA-E) from bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) origin, and the first TCR-pHLA-E complex with a noncanonically presented peptide from viral (HIV) origin. The structures provided a molecular foundation to develop a novel method to introduce cysteine traps using non-natural amino acid chemistry that stabilized pHLA-E complexes while maintaining native interface contacts between the TCRs and different pHLA-E complexes. These pHLA-E monomers could be used to isolate pHLA-E-specific T cells, with obvious utility for studying pHLA-E restricted T cells, and for the identification of putative therapeutic TCRs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Voogd L, Ruibal P, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Antigen presentation by MHC-E: a putative target for vaccination? Trends Immunol 2022; 43:355-365. [PMID: 35370095 PMCID: PMC9058203 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The essentially monomorphic human antigen presentation molecule HLA-E is an interesting candidate target to enable vaccination irrespective of genetic diversity. Predictive HLA-E peptide-binding motifs have been refined to facilitate HLA-E peptide discovery. HLA-E can accommodate structurally divergent peptides of both self and microbial origin. Intracellular processing and presentation pathways for peptides by HLA-E for T cell receptor (TCR) recognition remain to be elucidated. Recent studies show that, unlike canonical peptides, inhibition of the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) is essential to allow HLA-E antigen presentation in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and possibly also of other non-canonical peptides. We propose three alternative and TAP-independent MHC-E antigen-presentation pathways, including for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. These insights may help in designing potential HLA-E targeting vaccines against tumors and pathogens.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ruibal P, Franken KLMC, van Meijgaarden KE, Walters LC, McMichael AJ, Gillespie GM, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. Discovery of HLA-E-Presented Epitopes: MHC-E/Peptide Binding and T-Cell Recognition. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2574:15-30. [PMID: 36087196 PMCID: PMC10508831 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2712-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions involved during the immunological synapse between peptide, HLA-E molecules, and TCR is crucial to effectively target protective HLA-E-restricted T-cell responses in humans. Here we describe three techniques based on the generation of MHC-E/peptide complexes (MHC-E generically includes HLA-E-like molecules in human and nonhuman species, while HLA-E specifically refers to human molecules), which allow to investigate MHC-E/peptide binding at the molecular level through binding assays and by using peptide loaded HLA-E tetramers, to detect, isolate, and study peptide-specific HLA-E-restricted human T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruibal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lucy C Walters
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bansal A, Gehre MN, Qin K, Sterrett S, Ali A, Dang Y, Abraham S, Costanzo MC, Venegas LA, Tang J, Manjunath N, Brockman MA, Yang OO, Kan-Mitchell J, Goepfert PA. HLA-E-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses in natural infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148979. [PMID: 34228645 PMCID: PMC8363272 DOI: 10.1172/jci148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell responses restricted by MHC-E, a nonclassical MHC molecule, have been associated with protection in an SIV/rhesus macaque model. The biological relevance of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses in HIV infection, however, remains unknown. In this study, CD8+ T cells responding to HIV-1 Gag peptides presented by HLA-E were analyzed. Using in vitro assays, we observed HLA-E-restricted T cell responses to what we believe to be a newly identified subdominant Gag-KL9 as well as a well-described immunodominant Gag-KF11 epitope in T cell lines derived from chronically HIV-infected patients and also primed from healthy donors. Blocking of the HLA-E/KF11 binding by the B7 signal peptide resulted in decreased CD8+ T cell responses. KF11 presented via HLA-E in HIV-infected cells was recognized by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Importantly, bulk CD8+ T cells obtained from HIV-infected individuals recognized infected cells via HLA-E presentation. Ex vivo analyses at the epitope level showed a higher responder frequency of HLA-E-restricted responses to KF11 compared with KL9. Taken together, our findings of HLA-E-restricted HIV-specific immune responses offer intriguing and possibly paradigm-shifting insights into factors that contribute to the immunodominance of CD8+ T cell responses in HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mika N. Gehre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ayub Ali
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Dang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Sojan Abraham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret C. Costanzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Leon A. Venegas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - N. Manjunath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Walker BD. CMV, MHC-E, and the quest for an unconventional AIDS vaccine. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/59/eabi5830. [PMID: 33990380 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the evolutionary battle between virus and host, a genetic alteration in cytomegalovirus caused by an inversion-deletion event during tissue culture passage opens an unconventional path toward an HIV vaccine (see the related Research Articles by Malouli et al., Yang et al., and Verweij et al.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Malouli D, Hansen SG, Hancock MH, Hughes CM, Ford JC, Gilbride RM, Ventura AB, Morrow D, Randall KT, Taher H, Uebelhoer LS, McArdle MR, Papen CR, Espinosa Trethewy R, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Berkemeier B, Bosche WJ, Hull M, Greene JM, Axthelm MK, Shao J, Edlefsen PT, Grey F, Nelson JA, Lifson JD, Streblow D, Sacha JB, Früh K, Picker LJ. Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 + T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg5413. [PMID: 33766849 PMCID: PMC8244349 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) insert-expressing, 68-1 rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors elicit major histocompatibility complex E (MHC-E)- and MHC-II-restricted, SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but the basis of these unconventional responses and their contribution to demonstrated vaccine efficacy against SIV challenge in the rhesus monkeys (RMs) have not been characterized. We show that these unconventional responses resulted from a chance genetic rearrangement in 68-1 RhCMV that abrogated the function of eight distinct immunomodulatory gene products encoded in two RhCMV genomic regions (Rh157.5/Rh157.4 and Rh158-161), revealing three patterns of unconventional response inhibition. Differential repair of these genes with either RhCMV-derived or orthologous human CMV (HCMV)-derived sequences (UL128/UL130; UL146/UL147) leads to either of two distinct CD8+ T cell response types-MHC-Ia-restricted only or a mix of MHC-II- and MHC-Ia-restricted CD8+ T cells. Response magnitude and functional differentiation are similar to RhCMV 68-1, but neither alternative response type mediated protection against SIV challenge. These findings implicate MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses as mediators of anti-SIV efficacy and indicate that translation of RhCMV/SIV vector efficacy to humans will likely require deletion of all genes that inhibit these responses from the HCMV/HIV vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Meaghan H Hancock
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Julia C Ford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Roxanne M Gilbride
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kurt T Randall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Husam Taher
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Luke S Uebelhoer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Matthew R McArdle
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Courtney R Papen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Renee Espinosa Trethewy
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kelli Oswald
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rebecca Shoemaker
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian Berkemeier
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - William J Bosche
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Hull
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jason Shao
- Population Sciences and Computational Biology Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Population Sciences and Computational Biology Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Finn Grey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jay A Nelson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| |
Collapse
|