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Roca E, Colloca G, Lombardo F, Bellieni A, Cucinella A, Madonia G, Martinelli L, Damiani ME, Zampieri I, Santo A. The importance of integrated therapies on cancer: Silibinin, an old and new molecule. Oncotarget 2024; 15:345-353. [PMID: 38781107 PMCID: PMC11115268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the landscape of cancer treatments, the efficacy of coadjuvant molecules remains a focus of attention for clinical research with the aim of reducing toxicity and achieving better outcomes. Most of the pathogenetic processes causing tumour development, neoplastic progression, ageing, and increased toxicity involve inflammation. Inflammatory mechanisms can progress through a variety of molecular patterns. As is well known, the ageing process is determined by pathological pathways very similar and often parallel to those that cause cancer development. Among these complex mechanisms, inflammation is currently much studied and is often referred to in the geriatric field as 'inflammaging'. In this context, treatments active in the management of inflammatory mechanisms could play a role as adjuvants to standard therapies. Among these emerging molecules, Silibinin has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory properties in different neoplastic types, also in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, this molecule could represent a breakthrough in the management of age-related processes. Thus, Silibinin could be a valuable adjuvant to reduce drug-related toxicity and increase therapeutic potential. For this reason, the main aim of this review is to collect and analyse data presented in the literature on the use of Silibinin, to better understand the mechanisms of the functioning of this molecule and its possible therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roca
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colloca
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Lombardo
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Andrea Bellieni
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucinella
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Madonia
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Licia Martinelli
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Damiani
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Ilaria Zampieri
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Antonio Santo
- Oncologia Toracica - Lung Unit, Ospedale P. Pederzoli - Via Monte Baldo, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
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Liao WL, Lin H, Li YH, Yang TY, Chen MC. RAGE potentiates EGFR signaling and interferes with the anticancer effect of gefitinib on NSCLC cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1313-C1325. [PMID: 37746694 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00494.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in tumorigenesis, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays a vital role in lung cancer progression. Both RAGE and EGFR are transmembrane receptors that transmit intracellular signals through ligand binding, and their downstream signaling cascades show substantial overlap. However, the interplay between these two molecules remains poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between RAGE and EGFR in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluated the impact of RAGE on the response of NSCLC cells to gefitinib, an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). The expression and activation of EGFR and the phosphorylation of its downstream molecules, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), were increased in RAGE-overexpressed A549 (A549-RAGE) cells. Notably, ligand-triggered activation of EGFR signaling was significantly greater in A549-RAGE compared with A549-parental cells. In addition, gefitinib had less effect on the inhibition of EGFR signaling in A549-RAGE cells. These findings were validated in other NSCLC cell lines, H1299 and H1975. Furthermore, upon gefitinib administration, the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression was upregulated in A549-RAGE cells, whereas the apoptotic markers Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2 interacting mediator (Bim) remained at lower levels compared with A549-parental cells. Importantly, our findings provide evidence that RAGE interferes with the anticancer effect of gefitinib by modulating the activation of EGFR-STAT3 and EGFR-Erk pathways. Overall, these significant findings deepen our understanding of the intricate relationship between RAGE and EGFR signaling in NSCLC tumorigenesis and provide new considerations for the clinical treatment of NSCLC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study represents a pioneering endeavor in comprehending the intricate interplay between RAGE and EGFR signaling within NSCLC. The findings reveal that RAGE serves to enhance EGFR phosphorylation and activation, consequently modulating apoptosis regulators through the EGFR-STAT3 and EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling pathways. Through this mechanism, RAGE potentially imparts resistance to the toxicity induced by EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Li
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rodriguez SMB, Kamel A, Ciubotaru GV, Onose G, Sevastre AS, Sfredel V, Danoiu S, Dricu A, Tataranu LG. An Overview of EGFR Mechanisms and Their Implications in Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11110. [PMID: 37446288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all of the progress in understanding its molecular biology and pathogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancers, and without an efficient treatment modality at the moment, it remains largely incurable. Nowadays, one of the most frequently studied molecules with important implications in the pathogenesis of the classical subtype of GBM is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although many clinical trials aiming to study EGFR targeted therapies have been performed, none of them have reported promising clinical results when used in glioma patients. The resistance of GBM to these therapies was proven to be both acquired and innate, and it seems to be influenced by a cumulus of factors such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, mutations, heterogeneity and compensatory signaling pathways. Recently, it was shown that EGFR possesses kinase-independent (KID) pro-survival functions in cancer cells. It seems imperative to understand how the EGFR signaling pathways function and how they interconnect with other pathways. Furthermore, it is important to identify the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop better tailored therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mara Baez Rodriguez
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Vasile Ciubotaru
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
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Aftab F, Rodriguez-Fuguet A, Silva L, Kobayashi IS, Sun J, Politi K, Levantini E, Zhang W, Kobayashi SS, Zhang WC. An intrinsic purine metabolite AICAR blocks lung tumour growth by targeting oncoprotein mucin 1. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1647-1664. [PMID: 36810913 PMCID: PMC10133251 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer cells overexpress mucin 1 (MUC1) and active subunit MUC1-CT. Although a peptide blocks MUC1 signalling, metabolites targeting MUC1 are not well studied. AICAR is a purine biosynthesis intermediate. METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were measured in AICAR-treated EGFR-mutant and wild-type lung cells. AICAR-binding proteins were evaluated by in silico and thermal stability assays. Protein-protein interactions were visualised by dual-immunofluorescence staining and proximity ligation assay. AICAR-induced whole transcriptomic profile was determined by RNA sequencing. EGFR-TL transgenic mice-derived lung tissues were analysed for MUC1 expression. Organoids and tumours from patients and transgenic mice were treated with AICAR alone or in combination with JAK and EGFR inhibitors to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS AICAR reduced EGFR-mutant tumour cell growth by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. MUC1 was one of the leading AICAR-binding and degrading proteins. AICAR negatively regulated JAK signalling and JAK1-MUC1-CT interaction. Activated EGFR upregulated MUC1-CT expression in EGFR-TL-induced lung tumour tissues. AICAR reduced EGFR-mutant cell line-derived tumour formation in vivo. Co-treating patient and transgenic mouse lung-tissue-derived tumour organoids with AICAR and JAK1 and EGFR inhibitors reduced their growth. CONCLUSIONS AICAR represses the MUC1 activity in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, disrupting protein-protein interactions between MUC1-CT and JAK1 and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareesa Aftab
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Alice Rodriguez-Fuguet
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Luis Silva
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Ikei S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-409, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 330 Brookline Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-409, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8575, Japan
| | - Wen Cai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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Pan Q, Lu Y, Xie L, Wu D, Liu R, Gao W, Luo K, He B, Pu Y. Recent Advances in Boosting EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors-Based Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:829-852. [PMID: 36588471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in signal transduction pathways associated with cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Its overexpression and aberrant activation in malignancy correlate with poor prognosis and short survival. Targeting inhibition of EGFR by small-molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is emerging as an important treatment model besides of chemotherapy, greatly reshaping the landscape of cancer therapy. However, they are still challenged by the off-targeted toxicity, relatively limited cancer types, and drug resistance after long-term therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of oral, pulmonary, and injectable drug delivery systems for enhanced and targeting TKI delivery to tumors and reduced side effects. Importantly, EGFR-TKI-based combination therapies not only greatly broaden the applicable cancer types of EGFR-TKI but also significantly improve the anticancer effect. The mechanisms of TKI resistance are summarized, and current strategies to overcome TKI resistance as well as the application of TKI in reversing chemotherapy resistance are discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future research of EGFR-TKI-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yao Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Di Wu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Wang Z, Xing Y, Li B, Li X, Liu B, Wang Y. Molecular pathways, resistance mechanisms and targeted interventions in non-small-cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:42. [PMID: 36508072 PMCID: PMC9743956 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively targeting EGFR mutations in lung cancer patients in 2004 represented the beginning of the precision medicine era for this refractory disease. This great progress benefits from the identification of driver gene mutations, and after that, conventional and new technologies such as NGS further illustrated part of the complex molecular pathways of NSCLC. More targetable driver gene mutation identification in NSCLC patients greatly promoted the development of targeted therapy and provided great help for patient outcomes including significantly improved survival time and quality of life. Herein, we review the literature and ongoing clinical trials of NSCLC targeted therapy to address the molecular pathways and targeted intervention progress in NSCLC. In addition, the mutations in EGFR gene, ALK rearrangements, and KRAS mutations in the main sections, and the less common molecular alterations in MET, HER2, BRAF, ROS1, RET, and NTRK are discussed. The main resistance mechanisms of each targeted oncogene are highlighted to demonstrate the current dilemma of targeted therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential therapies to overcome the challenges of drug resistance. In this review, we manage to display the current landscape of targetable therapeutic patterns in NSCLC in this era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yurou Xing
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bingjie Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Hashimoto S, Hashimoto A, Muromoto R, Kitai Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Central Roles of STAT3-Mediated Signals in Onset and Development of Cancers: Tumorigenesis and Immunosurveillance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162618. [PMID: 36010693 PMCID: PMC9406645 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the time of Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century, it has been well-known that cancer-associated inflammation contributes to tumor initiation and progression. However, it remains unclear whether a collapse of the balance between the antitumor immune response via the immunological surveillance system and protumor immunity due to cancer-related inflammation is responsible for cancer malignancy. The majority of inflammatory signals affect tumorigenesis by activating signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB. Persistent STAT3 activation in malignant cancer cells mediates extremely widespread functions, including cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, and invasion and contributes to an increase in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. In addition, intracellular STAT3 activation in immune cells causes suppressive effects on antitumor immunity and leads to the differentiation and mobilization of immature myeloid-derived cells and tumor-associated macrophages. In many cancer types, STAT3 does not directly rely on its activation by oncogenic mutations but has important oncogenic and malignant transformation-associated functions in both cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We have reported a series of studies aiming towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the proliferation of various types of tumors involving signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 as an adaptor molecule that modulates STAT3 activity, and we recently found that AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a functions as an mRNA stabilizer that orchestrates an immunosuppressive TME in malignant mesenchymal tumors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the functional role of STAT3 in tumor progression and introduce novel molecular mechanisms of cancer development and malignant transformation involving STAT3 activation that we have identified to date. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for cancer that target the signaling pathway to augment STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (T.M.)
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Lin PH, Tseng LM, Lee YH, Chen ST, Yeh DC, Dai MS, Liu LC, Wang MY, Lo C, Chang S, Tan KT, Chen SJ, Kuo SH, Huang CS. Neoadjuvant afatinib with paclitaxel for triple-negative breast cancer and the molecular characteristics in responders and non-responders. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2538-2547. [PMID: 35752529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is worse and a major proportion of TNBC expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Afatinib can inhibit EGFR signal pathway; however, its treatment effect for TNBC is unknown. Thus, we aimed to assess the efficacy and biomarkers of afatinib in combination with paclitaxel in a neoadjuvant setting. METHODS Patients with stage II to III TNBC were enrolled. They received 40 mg of afatinib daily for 14 days, followed by daily afatinib and weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) every 21 days for four to six cycles. To explore the mechanisms of responsiveness and non-responsiveness, 409 cancer-associated genes were sequenced. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were enrolled and one patient achieved a complete clinical response; however, a 2 mm residual tumor was noted in the surgical specimen. Overall, 33.0% patients were responders. Fifteen patients received molecular testing. No activated mutation of EGFR or Her2 were found. Activated PI3K or JAK2 pathway were trended to associate with non-responder (p = 0.057). Mutation of homologous recombination (HR) genes were correlated with non-responsiveness (p = 0.005). Seven patients did not have altered PI3K, JAK2 or HR pathway; six (85.7%) of them were responder. Patients with the amplified DAXX gene was associated with a favorable trend of response (p = 0.109). CONCLUSIONS Adding afatinib to neoadjuvant paclitaxel generated a modest effect in TNBC. Exploratory molecular analysis suggested that activated PI3K, JAK2 pathways and mutation of HR genes were associated with therapeutic non-responsiveness, and amplification of DAXX genes was associated with responsiveness to afatinib in combination with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Cherng Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chung Kang Branch, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Xie H, Zhao Q, Yu L, Lu J, Peng K, Xie N, Ni J, Li B. Circular RNA circ_0047744 suppresses the metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by regulating the miR-21/SOCS5 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:154-161. [PMID: 35334414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate metastasis of multiple tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the role of the circRNA/miRNA regulatory network in metastasis of PDAC has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of circ_0047744/miR-21/SOCS5 in the metastasis of PDAC. We found that circRNA_0047744 was weakly expressed in PDAC tissues and cell lines. The expression of circ_0047744 was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with overall survival in PDAC patients. Functionally, the overexpression of circ_0047744 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0047744 could regulate SOCS5 expression by acting as a sponge of miR-21 to inhibit migration and invasion of PDAC cells. Our study demonstrates that circ_0047744 acts as an anti-oncogene to inhibit PDAC metastasis by regulating the miR-21/SOCS5 axis, indicating that circ_0047744 may be a potential novel therapeutic target for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Road No. 650, 201620, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Padda SK, Reckamp KL, Koczywas M, Neal JW, Kawashima J, Kong S, Huang DB, Kowalski M, Wakelee HA. A phase 1b study of erlotinib and momelotinib for the treatment of EGFR-mutated, tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 89:105-115. [PMID: 34773474 PMCID: PMC8739290 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical evidence suggests the feedforward cytokine loop of interleukin-6/Janus kinases (JAK)/STAT3 plays a role in epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS In this phase 1b study, the JAK1/2 and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) inhibitor momelotinib was evaluated in combination with erlotinib in patients with EGFR TKI-naive, EGFR-mutated NSCLC. After erlotinib lead-in (50, 75, 100, or 150 mg oral daily [QD]), momelotinib was combined and dose escalated in a 3 + 3 study design. The primary endpoint of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of momelotinib was determined based on the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first 28-day cycle. Secondary endpoints included efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS Eleven patients were enrolled across 3 dose levels of momelotinib (100 mg QD, 200 mg QD, and 100 mg twice daily [BID]). The MTD was momelotinib 200 mg QD in combination with erlotinib. Two DLTs of grade 4 neutropenia without fever and grade 3 diarrhea occurred at momelotinib 100 mg BID. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events included diarrhea, dry skin, fatigue, and decreased appetite; the vast majority being grades 1-2. The overall response rate was 54.5% (90% CI 27.1-80.0; all partial) and median progression-free survival was 9.2 months (90% CI 6.2-12.4). Momelotinib did not affect the PK of erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS The JAK1/2 and TBK1 inhibitor momelotinib in combination with erlotinib did not appear to enhance benefit over the historical data of erlotinib monotherapy in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02206763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmani K Padda
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, SCCT 1S31, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, SCCT 1S31, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel W Neal
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Kawashima
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.,Sierra Oncology, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shengchun Kong
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.,Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Huang
- The Oncology Institute of Hope and Innovation, Santa Ana, CA, USA
| | - Mark Kowalski
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.,Sierra Oncology, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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11
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The Root Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Induces Apoptosis in EGFR TKI-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells by Inactivation of STAT3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105181. [PMID: 34068421 PMCID: PMC8153615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) is a major obstacle in managing lung cancer. The root of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) traditionally used for fever clearance and detoxification possesses various bioactivities including anticancer effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SB exhibited anticancer activity in EGFR TKI-resistant lung cancer cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. We used four types of human lung cancer cell lines, including H1299 (EGFR wildtype; EGFR TKI-resistant), H1975 (acquired TKI-resistant), PC9/ER (acquired erlotinib-resistant), and PC9/GR (acquired gefitinib-resistant) cells. The ethanol extract of SB (ESB) decreased cell viability and suppressed colony formation in the four cell lines. ESB stimulated nuclear fragmentation and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3. Consistently, the proportion of sub-G1 phase cells and annexin V+ cells were significantly elevated by ESB, indicating that ESB induced apoptotic cell death in EGFR TKI-resistant cells. ESB dephosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and downregulated the target gene expression. The overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 reversed ESB-induced apoptosis, suggesting that ESB triggered apoptosis in EGFR TKI-resistant cells by inactivating STAT3. Taken together, we propose the potential use of SB as a novel therapeutic for lung cancer patients with EGFR TKI resistance.
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12
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Song X, Tang W, Peng H, Qi X, Li J. FGFR leads to sustained activation of STAT3 to mediate resistance to EGFR-TKIs treatment. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1201-1212. [PMID: 33829354 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have led to great advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the emergence of drug resistance severely limits their clinical use. Thus, elucidation of the mechanism underlying resistance to EGFR-TKIs is of great importance. In our study, sustained activation of STAT3 was confirmed to be involved in resistance to EGFR-TKIs, and this resistance occurred regardless of exposure time, EGFR-TKIs type, and even cancer cell type. Mechanistically, the sustained activation of STAT3 was not related to gp130/JAK signalling pathway or HER2/EGFR heterodimer formation, while related to the expression and activation levels of STAT3. Furthermore, FGFR was shown to bind more strongly to STAT3 after gefitinib treatment, and the inhibition of FGFR reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3, thereby counteracting the effects of EGFR-TKIs and resulting in the synergistic inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Taken together, the FGFR/STAT3 axis mediates the sustained activation of STAT3 upon EGFR-TKI treatment. This finding elucidates a new mechanism underlying drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs that the FGFR/STAT3 axis mediates the sustained activation of STAT3, providing theoretical support for considering the combination of TKIs and FGFR inhibitors in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Shinan District, 2tivation of STAT3 me6003, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Kumagai S, Koyama S, Nishikawa H. Antitumour immunity regulated by aberrant ERBB family signalling. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:181-197. [PMID: 33462501 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents against these signalling pathways exhibit robust clinical efficacy, but patients inevitably experience acquired resistance to these molecular-targeted therapies. Although cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown durable antitumour response in a subset of the treated patients in multiple cancer types, clinical efficacy is limited in cancers harbouring activating gene alterations of ERBB family members. In particular, ICI treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations and breast cancers with HER2 alterations failed to show clinical benefits, suggesting that EGFR and HER2 signalling may have an essential role in inhibiting antitumour immune responses. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which the signalling of ERBB family members affects not only autonomous cancer hallmarks, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, but also antitumour immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and the potential application of immune-genome precision medicine into immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy focusing on the signalling of ERBB family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kumagai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
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14
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Kang M, Park C, Kim SH, Yoon SW, Suh KJ, Kim YJ, Ock CY, Kim M, Keam B, Kim TM, Kim DW, Heo DS, Lee JS. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression level as a predictor of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:699-711. [PMID: 33718015 PMCID: PMC7947423 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This study analyzed 108 patients with NSCLC who had received EGFR-TKI as first-line systemic treatment at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital between December 2012 and October 2018. The National Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed to investigate the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI-resistance in tumors with high PD-L1 expression. RESULTS Among the 108 patients, 55, 37, and 16 had negative (PD-L1 Tumor proportion score <1%), weak (1-49%), and strong (≥50%) PD-L1 expression, respectively. Patients with strong PD-L1 expression had significantly shorter median progression-free survival (PFS; 7.07 months) than patients with weak (14.73 months, P<0.001) or negative (12.70 months, P=0.001) PD-L1 expression. After adjustment for covariates by Cox regression, PD-L1 expression remained a significant indicator of adverse prognosis. In EGFR-TKI-refractory patients, the frequency of T790M mutation and the PFS following treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKI and PD-1 antibody were similar in the three groups. TCGA and NCCRI database analysis showed that high PD-L1 expression in EGFR-mutated NSCLCs correlated with IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling and high MUC16 mutation frequency. CONCLUSIONS Strong PD-L1 expression in tumors might be a surrogate indicator of poor response to first-line EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations, and may reflect a de novo resistance mechanism involving JAK-STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Changhee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sock Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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15
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Updated Insights on EGFR Signaling Pathways in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020587. [PMID: 33435537 PMCID: PMC7827907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, due to recent advances in molecular biology, the pathogenesis of glioblastoma is better understood. For the newly diagnosed, the current standard of care is represented by resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide administration, but because median overall survival remains poor, new diagnosis and treatment strategies are needed. Due to the quick progression, even with aggressive multimodal treatment, glioblastoma remains almost incurable. It is known that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification is a characteristic of the classical subtype of glioma. However, targeted therapies against this type of receptor have not yet shown a clear clinical benefit. Many factors contribute to resistance, such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, heterogeneity, mutations, as well as compensatory signaling pathways. A better understanding of the EGFR signaling network, and its interrelations with other pathways, are essential to clarify the mechanisms of resistance and create better therapeutic agents.
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16
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Gao SP, Kiliti AJ, Zhang K, Vasani N, Mao N, Jordan E, Wise HC, Shrestha Bhattarai T, Hu W, Dorso M, Rodrigues JA, Kim K, Hanrahan AJ, Razavi P, Carver B, Chandarlapaty S, Reis-Filho JS, Taylor BS, Solit DB. AKT1 E17K Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration by Abrogating β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:573-584. [PMID: 33303690 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is among the most common pro-oncogenic events in human cancers. The clinical utility of PI3K and AKT inhibitors has, however, been modest to date. Here, we used CRISPR-mediated gene editing to study the biological consequences of AKT1 E17K mutation by developing an AKT1 E17K-mutant isogenic system in a TP53-null background. AKT1 E17K expression under the control of its endogenous promoter enhanced cell growth and colony formation, but had a paradoxical inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion. The mechanistic basis by which activated AKT1 inhibited cell migration and invasion was increased E-cadherin expression mediated by suppression of ZEB1 transcription via altered β-catenin subcellular localization. This phenotypic effect was AKT1-specific, as AKT2 activation had the opposite effect, a reduction in E-cadherin expression. Consistent with the opposing effects of AKT1 and AKT2 activation on E-cadherin expression, a pro-migratory effect of AKT1 activation was not observed in breast cancer cells with PTEN loss or expression of an activating PIK3CA mutation, alterations which induce the activation of both AKT isoforms. The results suggest that the use of AKT inhibitors in patients with breast cancer could paradoxically accelerate metastatic progression in some genetic contexts and may explain the frequent coselection for CDH1 mutations in AKT1-mutated breast tumors. IMPLICATIONS: AKT1 E17K mutation in breast cancer impairs migration/invasiveness via sequestration of β-catenin to the cell membrane leading to decreased ZEB1 transcription, resulting in increased E-cadherin expression and a reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhi Paul Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amber J Kiliti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kai Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Naresh Vasani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ninghui Mao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emmet Jordan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hannah C Wise
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tripti Shrestha Bhattarai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Madeline Dorso
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Rodrigues
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aphrothiti J Hanrahan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brett Carver
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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17
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Abstract
Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme that cleaves heparan sulphate, an important component of the extracellular matrix. This leads to the remodelling of the extracellular matrix, whilst liberating growth factors and cytokines bound to heparan sulphate. This in turn promotes both physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, immune cell migration, inflammation, wound healing and metastasis. Furthermore, heparanase exhibits non-enzymatic actions in cell signalling and in regulating gene expression. Cancer is underpinned by key characteristic features that promote malignant growth and disease progression, collectively termed the 'hallmarks of cancer'. Essentially, all cancers examined to date have been reported to overexpress heparanase, leading to enhanced tumour growth and metastasis with concomitant poor patient survival. With its multiple roles within the tumour microenvironment, heparanase has been demonstrated to regulate each of these hallmark features, in turn highlighting the need for heparanase-targeted therapies. However, recent discoveries which demonstrated that heparanase can also regulate vital anti-tumour mechanisms have cast doubt on this approach. This review will explore the myriad ways by which heparanase functions as a key regulator of the hallmarks of cancer and will highlight its role as a major component within the tumour microenvironment. The dual role of heparanase within the tumour microenvironment, however, emphasises the need for further investigation into defining its precise mechanism of action in different cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnath M Jayatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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18
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Anti gC1qR/p32/HABP1 Antibody Therapy Decreases Tumor Growth in an Orthotopic Murine Xenotransplant Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040051. [PMID: 33036212 PMCID: PMC7709104 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
gC1qR is highly expressed in breast cancer and plays a role in cancer cell proliferation. This study explored therapy with gC1qR monoclonal antibody 60.11, directed against the C1q binding domain of gC1qR, in a murine orthotopic xenotransplant model of triple negative breast cancer. MDA231 breast cancer cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of athymic nu/nu female mice. Mice were segregated into three groups (n = 5, each) and treated with the vehicle (group 1) or gC1qR antibody 60.11 (100 mg/kg) twice weekly, starting at day 3 post-implantation (group 2) or when the tumor volume reached 100 mm3 (group 3). At study termination (d = 35), the average tumor volume in the control group measured 895 ± 143 mm3, compared to 401 ± 48 mm3 and 701 ± 100 mm3 in groups 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of excised tumors revealed increased apoptosis (caspase 3 and TUNEL staining) in 60.11-treated mice compared to controls, and decreased angiogenesis (CD31 staining). Slightly decreased white blood cell counts were noted in 60.11-treated mice. Otherwise, no overt toxicities were observed. These data are the first to demonstrate an in vivo anti-tumor effect of 60.11 therapy in a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer.
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19
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Li J, Kwok HF. Current Strategies for Treating NSCLC: From Biological Mechanisms to Clinical Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1587. [PMID: 32549388 PMCID: PMC7352656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations heralded a breakthrough in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatments, with the subsequent development of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) becoming the first-line therapy for patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs inevitably occurs in patients following initial TKI treatment, leading to disease progression. Various mechanisms are behind the acquired resistance, and mainly include (1) target gene modification, (2) alternative parallel pathway activation, (3) downstream pathway activation, and (4) histological/phenotypic transformation. Approaches to combat the acquired resistance have been investigated according to these mechanisms. Newer generations of TKIs have been developed to target the secondary/tertiary EGFR mutations in patients with acquired resistance. In addition, combination therapies have been developed as another promising strategy to overcome acquired resistance through the activation of other signaling pathways. Thus, in this review, we summarize the mechanisms for acquired resistance and focus on the potential corresponding therapeutic strategies for acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau;
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau;
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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20
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Kim DM, Kim MJ, Moon JH, Lee EY, Hong JK, Lee S, Koh DI, Ryu YS, Kim SM, Jung SA, Shin JS, Kim J, Park YS, Hong SW, Lee SH, Jung J, Park SS, Kim DY, Kim EH, Jeong HR, Gong JH, Kim J, Chan Kim S, Yu HN, Ki SY, Kim TW, Jin DH. Inhibition of JAK1/2 can overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in human NSCLC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:305-310. [PMID: 32446385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is mutated in approximately 10% of lung cancer cases in the US and 50% of lung cancer in Asia. The representative target therapeutic agent, erlotinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; EGFR TKI), is effective in inactivating EGFR in lung cancer patients. However, approximately 50-60% of patients are resistant to EGFR TKI. These populations are associated with the EGFR mutation. To overcome resistance to EGFR TKI, we discovered a JAK1 inhibitor, CJ14939. We investigated the efficacy of CJ14939 in human NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that CJ14939 induced the inhibition of cell growth. Moreover, we demonstrated that combination treatment with erlotinib and CJ14939 induced cell death in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we confirmed the suppression of phosphorylated EGFR, JAK1, and Stat3 expression in erlotinib and CJ14939-treated human NSCLC cell lines. Our results provide evidence that JAK inhibition overcomes resistance to EGFR TKI in human NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Shin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyee Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Gong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Yu
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Ki
- CJ HealthCare R&D Center, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Korea.
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21
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Sun Z, Zeng L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Yang N. PIM1 inhibitor synergizes the anti-tumor effect of osimertinib via STAT3 dephosphorylation in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:366. [PMID: 32355810 PMCID: PMC7186747 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background An increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated that combined or multiple targeted therapies could bring about more durable clinical outcomes, and it is known that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is related to bypass activation. This study aims to explore a specific solution for third-generation EGFR-TKI resistance caused by bypass activation, and to examine the antitumor effects of the combination of a novel inhibitor CX-6258 HCl with osimertinib, along with its underlining mechanisms. Methods A bioinformatics analysis was performed to detect the relations between the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) expression and prognosis of lung cancer. The EGFR-mutated lung cancer cell lines were treated with the combination of CX-6258 HCl and osimertinib to analyze cell proliferation using the Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and in vivo experiments. Cell migration was analyzed using wound healing and Transwell assays. The apoptosis level was detected using Annexin V-propidium iodide flow cytometry. The expression levels of EGFR and STAT3 were determined using Western blot analysis. Results High expression level of PIM1 was related to the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combined administration of osimertinib and CX-6258 HCl significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and effectively induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. It was more efficient in suppressing EGFR activation and phosphorylation of STAT3 compared with osimertinib treatment alone. Furthermore, it showed a durable efficacy in a xenograft model. Conclusions This study showed that PIM1 is a poor prognostic factor for NSCLC. CX-6258 HCl is a potential molecular inhibitor to sensitize the antitumor effects of osimertinib through the inhibiting of the phosphorylation of STAT3 in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
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22
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Pinzi L, Rastelli G. Identification of Target Associations for Polypharmacology from Analysis of Crystallographic Ligands of the Protein Data Bank. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:372-390. [PMID: 31800237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of a chemical entity that potently and selectively binds to a biological target of therapeutic relevance has dominated the scene of drug discovery so far. However, recent findings suggest that multitarget ligands may be endowed with superior efficacy and be less prone to drug resistance. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) provides experimentally validated structural information about targets and bound ligands. Therefore, it represents a valuable source of information to help identifying active sites, understanding pharmacophore requirements, designing novel ligands, and inferring structure-activity relationships. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of the PDB by integrating different ligand-based and structure-based approaches, with the aim of identifying promising target associations for polypharmacology based on reported crystal structure information. First, the 2D and 3D similarity profiles of the crystallographic ligands were evaluated using different ligand-based methods. Then, activity data of pairs of similar ligands binding to different targets were inspected by comparing structural information with bioactivity annotations reported in the ChEMBL, BindingDB, BindingMOAD, and PDBbind databases. Afterward, extensive docking screenings of ligands in the identified cross-targets were made in order to validate and refine the ligand-based results. Finally, the therapeutic relevance of the identified target combinations for polypharmacology was evaluated from comparison with information on therapeutic targets reported in the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The results led to the identification of several target associations with high therapeutic potential for polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
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23
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Liao BC, Griesing S, Yang JCH. Second-line treatment of EGFR T790M-negative non-small cell lung cancer patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919890286. [PMID: 31803256 PMCID: PMC6878608 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919890286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the currently recommended treatment for advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Acquired resistance inevitably develops, with the EGFR T790M mutation comprising approximately 55% of the mechanisms of resistance following first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI therapy (e.g. gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib). Patients without T790M are a heterogeneous group for whom platinum-based chemotherapy is currently recommended as a second-line treatment. In addition to secondary mutations in EGFR (e.g. T790M), the currently known resistance mechanisms can be classified into the following three categories: bypass pathways, downstream signaling pathways, and histologic transformations. Given the evolving knowledge and convenience of diagnosing acquired resistance mechanisms by next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsy, exploratory studies targeting these resistance mechanisms and incorporating immunotherapy into the treatment paradigm have become the mainstream of future development. This review focuses on acquired resistance mechanisms other than T790M that develop after first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI therapy. Exploratory second-line treatments targeting resistance mechanisms as well as combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy in ongoing clinical trials are reviewed here. We also highlight the recent development of next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Chi Liao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sebastian Griesing
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
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24
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Sarcar B, Gimbrone NT, Wright G, Remsing Rix LL, Gordian ER, Rix U, Chiappori AA, Reuther GW, Santiago-Cardona PG, Muñoz-Antonia T, Cress WD. Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) P848L, an unusual EGFR variant present in lung cancer patients, in a murine Ba/F3 model. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1689-1704. [PMID: 31314158 PMCID: PMC6768113 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer patients with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) benefit from treatments targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, both intrinsic and acquired resistance of tumors to TKIs are common, and EGFR variants have been identified that are resistant to multiple TKIs. In the present study, we characterized selected EGFR variants previously observed in lung cancer patients and expressed in a murine bone marrow pro-B Ba/F3 cell model. Among these EGFR variants, we report that an exon 20 deletion/insertion mutation S768insVGH is resistant to erlotinib (a first-generation TKI), but sensitive to osimertinib (a third-generation TKI). We also characterized a rare exon 21 germline variant, EGFR P848L, which transformed Ba/F3 cells and conferred resistance to multiple EGFR-targeting TKIs. Our analysis revealed that P848L (a) does not bind erlotinib; (b) is turned over less rapidly than L858R (a common tumor-derived EGFR mutation); (c) is not autophosphorylated at Tyr 1045 [the major docking site for Cbl proto-oncogene (c-Cbl) binding]; and (d) does not bind c-Cbl. Using viability assays including 300 clinically relevant targeted compounds, we observed that Ba/F3 cells transduced with EGFR P848L, S768insVGH, or L858R have very different drug-sensitivity profiles. In particular, EGFR P848L, but not L858R or S768insVGH, was sensitive to multiple Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitors. In contrast, cells driven by L858R, but not by P848L, were sensitive to multikinase MAPK/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase and ERK inhibitors including EGFR-specific TKIs. These observations suggest that continued investigation of rare TKI-resistant EGFR variants is warranted to identify optimal treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Sarcar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas T Gimbrone
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela Wright
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edna R Gordian
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alberto A Chiappori
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gary W Reuther
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Teresita Muñoz-Antonia
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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25
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Bossen J, Uliczka K, Steen L, Pfefferkorn R, Mai MMQ, Burkhardt L, Spohn M, Bruchhaus I, Fink C, Heine H, Roeder T. An EGFR-Induced Drosophila Lung Tumor Model Identifies Alternative Combination Treatments. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1659-1668. [PMID: 31217165 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Mutations in the EGFR gene are among the most important inducers of lung tumor development, but success of personalized therapies is still limited because of toxicity or developing resistances. We expressed constitutively active EGFR (EGFRCA) exclusively in the airway system of Drosophila melanogaster and performed comprehensive phenotyping. Ectopic expression of EGFRCA induced massive hyper- and metaplasia, leading to early death. We used the lethal phenotype as a readout and screened a library of FDA-approved compounds and found that among the 1,000 compounds, only the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) afatinib, gefitinib, and ibrutinib rescued lethality in a whole-animal screening approach. Furthermore, we screened the library in the presence of a subtherapeutic afatinib dose and identified bazedoxifene as a synergistically acting compound that rescues EGFR-induced lethality. Our findings highlight the potential of Drosophila-based whole-animal screening approaches not only to identify specific EGFR inhibitors but also to discover compounds that act synergistically with known TKIs. Moreover, we showed that targeting the EGFR together with STAT-signaling is a promising strategy for lung tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bossen
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Division of Invertebrate Models, Borstel Germany.,Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Division of Innate Immunity, Borstel, Germany
| | - Line Steen
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxana Pfefferkorn
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mandy Mong-Quyen Mai
- Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Division of Innate Immunity, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Next Generation Sequencing Technology Platform, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Next Generation Sequencing Technology Platform, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Dept. Parasitology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Division of Innate Immunity, Borstel, Germany. .,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany. .,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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26
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Hammarén HM, Virtanen AT, Raivola J, Silvennoinen O. The regulation of JAKs in cytokine signaling and its breakdown in disease. Cytokine 2019; 118:48-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Min TR, Park HJ, Ha KT, Chi GY, Choi YH, Park SH. Suppression of EGFR/STAT3 activity by lupeol contributes to the induction of the apoptosis of human non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:320-330. [PMID: 31115519 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the anticancer effects of lupeol on human non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion assay were used to evaluate the cell viability. DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to detect apoptosis. Molecular docking and western blot analysis were performed to determine the target of lupeol. We found that lupeol suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of NSCLC cells in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, lupeol increased chromatin condensation, poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, sub‑G1 cell populations, and the proportion of Annexin V‑positive cells, indicating that lupeol triggered the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Notably, lupeol inhibited the phosphorylation of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). A docking experiment revealed that lupeol directly bound to the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. We observed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a downstream molecule of EGFR, was also dephosphorylated by lupeol. Lupeol suppressed the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STAT3 and downregulated the expression of STAT3 target genes. The constitutive activation of STAT3 by STAT3 Y705D overexpression suppressed lupeol‑induced apoptosis, demonstrating that the inhibition of STAT3 activity contributed to the induction of apoptosis. The anticancer effects of lupeol were consistently observed in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‑resistant H1975 cells (EGFR L858R/T790M). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that lupeol may be used, not only for EGFR TKI‑naïve NSCLC, but also for advanced NSCLC with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Min
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong‑Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong‑Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Busan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Yong Chi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong‑Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong‑Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong‑Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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28
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Yang X, Tang Z, Zhang P, Zhang L. [Research Advances of JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2019; 22:45-51. [PMID: 30674393 PMCID: PMC6348154 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Janus激酶(Janus kinase, JAK)/信号转导子和转录活化子(signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT)信号通路是细胞因子信号传导的下游通路,调控细胞的发育、分化、增殖、凋亡等,不仅参与调节正常的生理过程,在肿瘤的发生发展中也起着重要作用,尤其是在血液系统肿瘤中意义重大。近年来,随着对JAK/STAT信号通路研究的深入,人们发现该通路在实体肿瘤的发生发展中也扮演关键角色。本文就近年来JAK/STAT信号通路参与肺癌发生发展、肺癌转移、肺癌耐药机制形成以及靶向该通路的抑制剂在肺癌治疗中的应用现状进行综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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29
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Asao T, Takahashi F, Takahashi K. Resistance to molecularly targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Respir Investig 2019; 57:20-26. [PMID: 30293943 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of oncogenic driver gene mutations, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion, ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion, and ret proto-oncogene (RET) fusion, has led to the development of molecularly targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This therapy has changed the standard of care for NSCLC. Despite the dramatic response to molecularly targeted therapy, almost all patients ultimately develop resistance to the drugs. To understand the mechanisms of resistance to molecularly targeted agents, it is essential to understand the molecular pathways of NSCLC. Here, we review the mechanisms of resistance to molecularly targeted therapy and discuss strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Asao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Chen D, Zhang F, Wang J, He H, Duan S, Zhu R, Chen C, Yin L, Chen Y. Biodegradable Nanoparticles Mediated Co-delivery of Erlotinib (ELTN) and Fedratinib (FDTN) Toward the Treatment of ELTN-Resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) via Suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1214. [PMID: 30483119 PMCID: PMC6242943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Erlotinib (ELTN)-based targeted therapy as first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancers suffers from insufficient selectivity, side effects, and drug resistance, which poses critical challenges in the clinical setting. Acquired resistance of ELTN results in extremely poor prognoses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, wherein activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway has been proven to induce acquired ELTN resistance. Methods: In this study, we developed a nanoparticle (NP) delivery system based on Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for the co-delivery of ELTN and fedratinib (FDTN, a small-molecular, highly selective JAK2 inhibitor). Both ELTN and FDTN could be encapsulated into the PEG-PLA NPs via optimization of the encapsulation method. The effect of NPs on NSCLC cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Western blotting was performed to study the molecular mechanisms of NPs inhibiting the downstream pathways of EGFR in vitro. The histological analysis and protein expression in vivo were assessed by hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The drug cargoes exhibited great stability, and could be released more efficiently in the acidic tumorous condition. Mechanistic study showed that FDTN notably down-regulated the expression levels of proteins in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, including p-EGFR, p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and Survivin, therefore reversing the ELTN resistance. As a result, synergistic anti-cancer effect was achieved by PEG-PLA NPs encapsulating both ELTN and FDTN in ELTN-resistant NSCLC tumors both in vitro and in vivo, and lower systemic side effect was noted for the co-delivery NPs compared to free drugs. Conclusion: This study provides a promising approach to overcome the ELTN resistance in the treatment of NSCLC, and the use of FDA-approved materials with clinically applied/investigated chemical drugs may facilitate the translation of the current delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua He
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Overexpression of PEAK1 contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis in lung cancer through modulating ERK1/2 and JAK2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:802. [PMID: 30038287 PMCID: PMC6056550 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1), a novel non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been demonstrated to act as an oncogenic regulator in breast and pancreatic cancers. However, the role of PEAK1 in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer is still unknown. Here, we observed that ectopic PEAK1 expression promoted lung cancer cell migration and invasion, while PEAK1 knockout resulted in suppressed cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, cell proliferation did not significantly increase or decrease in either the PEAK1 overexpression or knockout groups compared with the corresponding control cells. In addition, PEAK1 overexpression could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 both in vitro and in vivo, whereas PEAK1 knockout had the opposite effects. Then, we had confirmed that PEAK1 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues, and correlated with a higher tumor node metastasis stage. Moreover, PEAK1 upregulation markedly enhanced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) signaling in lung cancer cells. Further work demonstrated that the combination of PD98059 with AZD1480 could reverse the effects of PEAK1-induced EMT, cell migration and invasion. Our findings highlight a newer mechanism for PEAK1 in regulating EMT and metastasis in lung cancer, which might serve as a therapeutic target for lung cancer patients.
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Zaman A, Bivona TG. Emerging application of genomics-guided therapeutics in personalized lung cancer treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:160. [PMID: 29911108 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In lung cancer, genomics-driven comprehensive molecular profiling has identified novel chemically and immunologically addressable vulnerabilities, resulting in an increasing application of precision medicine by targeted inactivation of tumor oncogenes and immunogenic activation of host anti-tumor surveillance as modes of treatment. However, initially profound response of these targeted therapies is followed by relapse due to therapy-resistant residual disease states. Although distinct mechanisms and frameworks for therapy resistance have been proposed, accounting for and upfront prediction of resistance trajectories has been challenging. In this review, we discuss in both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the current standing, and challenges associated with genomics-guided strategies for personalized therapy against both oncogenic alterations as well as post-therapy resistance mechanisms. In NSCLC, we catalog the targeted therapy approaches against most notable oncogenic alterations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), serine/threonine-protein kinase b-raf (BRAF), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral proto-oncogene (KRAS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1). For SCLC, currently highly recalcitrant to targeted therapy, we enumerate a range of exciting and maturing precision medicine approaches. Furthermore, we discuss a number of immunotherapy approaches, in combination or alone, that are being actively pursued clinically in lung cancer. This review not only highlights common mechanistic themes underpinning different classes of resistance and discusses tumor heterogeneity as a source of residual disease, but also discusses potential ways to overcome these barriers. We emphasize how an extensive understanding of these themes can predict and improve therapeutic strategies, such as through poly-therapy approaches, to forestall tumor evolution upfront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubhishek Zaman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Preclinical development of G1T38: A novel, potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 for use as an oral antineoplastic in patients with CDK4/6 sensitive tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42343-42358. [PMID: 28418845 PMCID: PMC5522071 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the p16INK4a/cyclin D/CDK4/6/RB pathway is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although efficacious, current treatment regimens require a dosing holiday due to severe neutropenia potentially leading to an increased risk of infections, as well as tumor regrowth and emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, a next generation CDK4/6 inhibitor that can inhibit proliferation of CDK4/6-dependent tumors while minimizing neutropenia could reduce both the need for treatment holidays and the risk of inducing drug resistance. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization and development of G1T38; a novel, potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CDK4/6 inhibitor. In vitro, G1T38 decreased RB1 (RB) phosphorylation, caused a precise G1 arrest, and inhibited cell proliferation in a variety of CDK4/6-dependent tumorigenic cell lines including breast, melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma cells. In vivo, G1T38 treatment led to equivalent or improved tumor efficacy compared to the first-in-class CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in an ER+ breast cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, G1T38 accumulated in mouse xenograft tumors but not plasma, resulting in less inhibition of mouse myeloid progenitors than after palbociclib treatment. In larger mammals, this difference in pharmacokinetics allowed for 28 day continuous dosing of G1T38 in beagle dogs without producing severe neutropenia. These data demonstrate G1T38 has unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which result in high efficacy against CDK4/6 dependent tumors while minimizing the undesirable on-target bone marrow activity, thus potentially allowing G1T38 to be used as a continuous, daily oral antineoplastic agent.
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Sang Y, Li Y, Song L, Alvarez AA, Zhang W, Lv D, Tang J, Liu F, Chang Z, Hatakeyama S, Hu B, Cheng SY, Feng H. TRIM59 Promotes Gliomagenesis by Inhibiting TC45 Dephosphorylation of STAT3. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1792-1804. [PMID: 29386185 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant EGFR signaling is a common driver of glioblastoma (GBM) pathogenesis; however, the downstream effectors that sustain this oncogenic pathway remain unclarified. Here we demonstrate that tripartite motif-containing protein 59 (TRIM59) acts as a new downstream effector of EGFR signaling by regulating STAT3 activation in GBM. EGFR signaling led to TRIM59 upregulation through SOX9 and enhanced the interaction between TRIM59 and nuclear STAT3, which prevents STAT3 dephosphorylation by the nuclear form of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC45), thereby maintaining transcriptional activation and promoting tumorigenesis. Silencing TRIM59 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and orthotopic xenograft brain tumor formation of GBM cells and glioma stem cells. Evaluation of GBM patient samples revealed an association between EGFR activation, TRIM59 expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, and poor prognoses. Our study identifies TRIM59 as a new regulator of oncogenic EGFR/STAT3 signaling and as a potential therapeutic target for GBM patients with EGFR activation.Significance: These findings identify a novel component of the EGFR/STAT3 signaling axis in the regulation of glioma tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1792-804. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhou Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lina Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Angel A Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haizhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Development of Erasin: a chromone-based STAT3 inhibitor which induces apoptosis in Erlotinib-resistant lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17390. [PMID: 29234062 PMCID: PMC5727211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of protein-protein interactions by small molecules offers tremendous opportunities for basic research and drug development. One of the fundamental challenges of this research field is the broad lack of available lead structures from nature. Here, we demonstrate that modifications of a chromone-based inhibitor of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of the transcription factor STAT5 confer inhibitory activity against STAT3. The binding mode of the most potent STAT3 inhibitor Erasin was analyzed by the investigation of structure-activity relationships, which was facilitated by chemical synthesis and biochemical activity analysis, in combination with molecular docking studies. Erasin inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 with selectivity over STAT5 and STAT1 in cell-based assays, and increases the apoptotic rate of cultured NSCLC cells in a STAT3-dependent manner. This ability of Erasin also extends to HCC-827 cells with acquired resistance against Erlotinib, a clinically used inhibitor of the EGF receptor. Our work validates chromone-based acylhydrazones as privileged structures for antagonizing STAT SH2 domains, and demonstrates that apoptosis can be induced in NSCLC cells with acquired Erlotinib resistance by direct inhibition of STAT3.
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36
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EGFR feedback-inhibition by Ran-binding protein 6 is disrupted in cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2035. [PMID: 29229958 PMCID: PMC5725448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of macromolecules through the nuclear pore by importins and exportins plays a critical role in the spatial regulation of protein activity. How cancer cells co-opt this process to promote tumorigenesis remains unclear. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in normal development and in human cancer. Here we describe a mechanism of EGFR regulation through the importin β family member RAN-binding protein 6 (RanBP6), a protein of hitherto unknown functions. We show that RanBP6 silencing impairs nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), reduces STAT3 binding to the EGFR promoter, results in transcriptional derepression of EGFR, and increased EGFR pathway output. Focal deletions of the RanBP6 locus on chromosome 9p were found in a subset of glioblastoma (GBM) and silencing of RanBP6 promoted glioma growth in vivo. Our results provide an example of EGFR deregulation in cancer through silencing of components of the nuclear import pathway.
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37
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Li SD, Ma M, Li H, Waluszko A, Sidorenko T, Schadt EE, Zhang DY, Chen R, Ye F. Cancer gene profiling in non-small cell lung cancers reveals activating mutations in JAK2 and JAK3 with therapeutic implications. Genome Med 2017; 9:89. [PMID: 29082853 PMCID: PMC5662094 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cancer gene panels are widely applied to enable personalized cancer therapy and to identify novel oncogenic mutations. Methods We performed targeted NGS on 932 clinical cases of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot panel v2 assay. Results Actionable mutations were identified in 65% of the cases with available targeted therapeutic options, including 26% of the patients with mutations in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline genes. Most notably, we discovered JAK2 p.V617F somatic mutation, a hallmark of myeloproliferative neoplasms, in 1% (9/932) of the NSCLCs. Analysis of cancer cell line pharmacogenomic data showed that a high level of JAK2 expression in a panel of NSCLC cell lines is correlated with increased sensitivity to a selective JAK2 inhibitor. Further analysis of TCGA genomic data revealed JAK2 gain or loss due to genetic alterations in NSCLC clinical samples are associated with significantly elevated or reduced PD-L1 expression, suggesting that the activating JAK2 p.V617F mutation could confer sensitivity to both JAK inhibitors and anti-PD1 immunotherapy. We also detected JAK3 germline activating mutations in 6.7% (62/932) of the patients who may benefit from anti-PD1 treatment, in light of recent findings that JAK3 mutations upregulate PD-L1 expression. Conclusion Taken together, this study demonstrated the clinical utility of targeted NGS with a focused hotspot cancer gene panel in NSCLCs and identified activating mutations in JAK2 and JAK3 with clinical implications inferred through integrative analysis of cancer genetic, genomic, and pharmacogenomic data. The potential of JAK2 and JAK3 mutations as response markers for the targeted therapy against JAK kinases or anti-PD1 immunotherapy warrants further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0478-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu D Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Meng Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Aneta Waluszko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tatyana Sidorenko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA.
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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Abstract
The expanding spectrum of both established and candidate oncogenic driver mutations identified in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), coupled with the increasing number of clinically available signal transduction pathway inhibitors targeting these driver mutations, offers a tremendous opportunity to enhance patient outcomes. Despite these molecular advances, advanced-stage NSCLC remains largely incurable due to therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss alterations in the targeted oncogene ('on-target' resistance) and in other downstream and parallel pathways ('off-target' resistance) leading to resistance to targeted therapies in NSCLC, and we provide an overview of the current understanding of the bidirectional interactions with the tumour microenvironment that promote therapeutic resistance. We highlight common mechanistic themes underpinning resistance to targeted therapies that are shared by NSCLC subtypes, including those with oncogenic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), serine/threonine-protein kinase b-raf (BRAF) and other less established oncoproteins. Finally, we discuss how understanding these themes can inform therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy approaches, and overcome the challenge of tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rotow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1270, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, Box 0981, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1270, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, Box 0981, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, Box 2140, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Sui Y, Fu X, Wang Y, Hu W, Zhang T, Liu W, Jiang L, Xing S, Fu X, Xu X. Expression, purification and characterization of a catalytic domain of human protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 (PTPN12) in Escherichia coli with FKBP-type PPIase as a chaperon. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 142:45-52. [PMID: 28965803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12), also known as PTP-PEST, was broadly expressed in hemopoietic cells. Recent research has shown that this enzyme is involved in tumorigenesis, as well as in tumor progression and transfer, as it can suppress multiple oncogenic tyrosine kinases. However, the difficulty of soluble expression of PTP-PEST in prokaryotic cells has resulted in great limitations in investigating its structure and functions. In this study, we successfully carried out soluble expression of the catalytic domain of PTP-PEST (ΔPTP-PEST) in Escherichia coli and performed an enzymatic characterization and kinetics. To confirm expression efficiency, we also induced the expression of the chaperon, FKBP_C. FKBP_C expression indicated efficacious prokaryotic expression of ΔPTP-PEST. In conclusion, our work yielded a practical expression system and two-step chromatography purification method that may serve as a valuable tool for the structural and functional analysis of proteins that are difficult to express in the soluble form in prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xingye Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiyan Hu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Wanyao Liu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Core Facilities for Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Clinical Laboratory of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China.
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40
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Tong CW, Wu WK, Loong HH, Cho WC, To KK. Drug combination approach to overcome resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:100-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Shen T, Chen Z, Zhao ZJ, Wu J. Genetic defects of the IRF1-mediated major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation pathway occur prevalently in the JAK2 gene in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60975-60986. [PMID: 28977839 PMCID: PMC5617399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens on tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells is involved in T cell-mediated tumor immune surveillance and immune checkpoint therapy. The interferon-γ (IFNγ)-IRF1 signaling pathway regulates MHC class I antigen presentation. To examine genetic defects of the IFNγ-IRF1 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung adenocarcinoma (LuAd) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LuSc) data. Loss-of-function (LOF) genetic alterations of the IFNγ-IRF1 pathway genes (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, JAK1, JAK2, STAT1, IRF1) were found in 64 (6.3%) of 1,016 patients. These genetic defects occur prevalently in JAK2 (33 cases) and often through deletions (29 cases) of chromosome 9p24.1. JAK2 deletions were frequently, but not always, associated with deletions of PD-L1 gene (CD274), PD-L2 gene (PDCD1LG2), PTPRD, and CDKN2A/CDKN2B at the chromosome 9p24.1-9p21.3 region. IRF1 expression was correlated with immune cytolytic activity markers GZMA and PRF1 in NSCLC. IFNγ induced IRF1 expression and cell surface HLA-A/HLA-B/HLA-C (HLA-ABC) in A549, H661, H292, and H2172 cells that contained the wildtype JAK2, but not in H1573 and H1623 cells that were JAK2 defective. Deletion of JAK2 or inhibition of the JAK2 kinase activity resulted in loss of IFNγ-induced IRF1 and cell surface HLA-ABC in JAK2 wildtype NSCLC cells, whereas expression of exogenous JAK2 in H1573 cells restored the IFNγ responses. These findings show that JAK2 deficiency is the major mechanism of genetic defects of the IFNγ-IRF1 pathway in NSCLC and reveal a previously unrecognized significance of chromosome 9p deletion in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Activating mutation of PDGFRB gene in a rare cardiac undifferentiated intimal sarcoma of the left atrium: a case report. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81709-81716. [PMID: 29113426 PMCID: PMC5655321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with undefined genetic mutations and no targeted therapy. Here in one rare case of undifferentiated cardiac intimal sarcoma (IS), a next-generation sequencing based assay, MSK-IMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering - Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets), identified a somatic, activating mutation in PDGFRB, along with amplification of PDGFRA. This E472D mutation of PDGFRB was discovered for the first time in IS. These findings suggest that concurrent aberrant PDGFRA and PDGFRB signaling may be a diagnostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target of IS of the heart.
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Zulkifli AA, Tan FH, Putoczki TL, Stylli SS, Luwor RB. STAT3 signaling mediates tumour resistance to EGFR targeted therapeutics. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:15-23. [PMID: 28088467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several EGFR inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical assessment or are approved for the clinical management of patients with varying tumour types. However, treatment often results in a lack of response in many patients. The majority of patients that initially respond eventually present with tumours that display acquired resistance to the original therapy. A large number of receptor tyrosine and intracellular kinases have been implicated in driving signaling that mediates this tumour resistance to anti-EGFR targeted therapy, and in a few cases these discoveries have led to overall changes in prospective tumour screening and clinical practice (K-RAS in mCRC and EGFR T790M in NSCLC). In this mini-review, we specifically focus on the role of the STAT3 signaling axis in providing both intrinsic and acquired resistance to inhibitors of the EGFR. We also focus on STAT3 pathway targeting in an attempt to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Zulkifli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Fiona H Tan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Groner B, von Manstein V. Jak Stat signaling and cancer: Opportunities, benefits and side effects of targeted inhibition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:1-14. [PMID: 28576744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Jak Stat signaling and the persistent activation of Stat3 and Stat5 on tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion have made the Jak Stat pathway a favorite target for drug development and cancer therapy. This notion was strengthened when additional biological functions of Stat signaling in cancer and their roles in the regulation of cytokine dependent inflammation and immunity in the tumor microenvironment were discovered. Stats act not only as transcriptional inducers, but affect gene expression via epigenetic modifications, induce epithelial mesenchymal transition, generate a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, promote cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and help to establish the pre-metastatic niche formation. The effects of Jak Stat inhibition on the suppression of pro-inflammatory responses appears most promising and could become a strategy in the prevention of tumor progression. The direct and mediated mechanisms of Jak Stat signaling in and on tumors cells, the interactions with other signaling pathways and transcription factors and the targeting of the functionally crucial secondary modifications of Stat molecules suggest novel approaches to the future development of Jak Stat based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Manstein
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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45
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46
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Bosch-Barrera J, Queralt B, Menendez JA. Targeting STAT3 with silibinin to improve cancer therapeutics. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 58:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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47
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Mechanisms and consequences of Jak-STAT signaling in the immune system. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:374-384. [PMID: 28323260 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kinases of the Jak ('Janus kinase') family and transcription factors (TFs) of the STAT ('signal transducer and activator of transcription') family constitute a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module that affects every aspect of the mammalian immune system. Research on this paradigmatic pathway has experienced breakneck growth in the quarter century since its discovery and has yielded a stream of basic and clinical insights that have profoundly influenced modern understanding of human health and disease, exemplified by the bench-to-bedside success of Jak inhibitors ('jakinibs') and pathway-targeting drugs. Here we review recent advances in Jak-STAT biology, focusing on immune cell function, disease etiology and therapeutic intervention, as well as broader principles of gene regulation and signal-dependent TFs.
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48
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A novel, somatic, transforming mutation in the extracellular domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor identified in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2467. [PMID: 28550306 PMCID: PMC5446393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel ERBB1/EGFR somatic mutation (p. C329R; c.985 T > C) identified in a patient with JAK2V617F Polycythaemia Vera (PV). This substitution affects a conserved cysteine residue in EGFR domain 2 and leads to the formation of a ligand-independent covalent receptor dimer, associated with increased transforming potential. Aberrant signalling from the EGFRC329R receptor is cell type-dependent and in the TF1.8 erythroid cell line expression of this mutant suppresses EPO-induced differentiation. Clonal analysis shows that the dominant JAK2V617F-positive clone in this PV patient harbors EGFRC329R, thus this mutation may contribute to clonal expansion. Somatic mutations affecting other ERBB and related receptor tyrosine kinases are observed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and we show elevated EGFR levels in MPN samples, consistent with previous reports. Thus activation of this group of receptors, via multiple mechanisms, may contribute to clonal growth and survival of the JAK2V617F disease clone in MPN.
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Kadota T, Yoshioka Y, Fujita Y, Kuwano K, Ochiya T. Extracellular vesicles in lung cancer-From bench to bedside. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 67:39-47. [PMID: 28267596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite significant advances in lung cancer research and novel therapies, a better understanding of the disease is crucially needed to facilitate early detection and appropriate diagnoses and to improve treatment outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released from all tested cell types and modulate cell-cell communication. EVs transfer a wide variety of molecules, such as proteins, messenger RNAs and microRNAs. Emerging data suggest that EVs play an important role in lung cancer pathogenesis and may have potential as biomarkers and therapeutics. Here, we review current research on EVs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yu HA, Perez L, Chang Q, Gao SP, Kris MG, Riely GJ, Bromberg J. A Phase 1/2 Trial of Ruxolitinib and Erlotinib in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas with Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:102-109. [PMID: 27613527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors develops in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. New treatments are needed to address resistance not mediated by EGFR T790M; preclinical evidence suggests that the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway is important in acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapy. METHODS We evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of erlotinib and ruxolitinib in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers with acquired resistance to erlotinib. Exosomes were analyzed to assess changes in relevant protein expression during treatment. RESULTS We enrolled 22 patients: 12 patients in the phase 1 portion of the study and 10 patients in the phase 2 portion. We did not observe any dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose of erlotinib was 150 mg daily and that of ruxolitinib was 20 mg twice daily. The most frequent toxicities (any grade) were anemia, diarrhea, and elevation of liver function test results. One partial response was observed (5% [95% confidence interval: 0-13]). The median progression-free survival was 2.2 months (95% confidence interval: 1.4-4.1). CONCLUSION This is the first study assessing the combination of EGFR and Janus kinase inhibition in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. The combination was well tolerated but ineffective. Exosomal EGFR levels may reflect changes in tumor EGFR expression in response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A Yu
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Leslie Perez
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Qing Chang
- Breast Medicine Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sizhi P Gao
- Breast Medicine Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark G Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Gregory J Riely
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Breast Medicine Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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