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Costa BA, Flynn J, Nishimura N, Devlin SM, Farzana T, Rajeeve S, Chung DJ, Landau HJ, Lahoud OB, Scordo M, Shah GL, Hassoun H, Maclachlan K, Hultcrantz M, Korde N, Lesokhin AM, Shah UA, Tan CR, Giralt SA, Usmani SZ, Nath K, Mailankody S. Prognostic impact of corticosteroid and tocilizumab use following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38802346 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being the mainstay of management for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), there is limited data regarding the impact of tocilizumab (TCZ) and corticosteroids (CCS) on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell efficacy in multiple myeloma (MM). The present study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of these immunosuppressants in recipients of BCMA- or GPRC5D-directed CAR T cells for relapsed/refractory MM. Our retrospective cohort involved patients treated with commercial or investigational autologous CAR T-cell products at a single institution from March 2017-March 2023. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), and overall survival (OS). In total, 101 patients (91% treated with anti-BCMA CAR T cells and 9% treated with anti-GPRC5D CAR T cells) were analyzed. Within 30 days post-infusion, 34% received CCS and 49% received TCZ for CRS/ICANS management. At a median follow-up of 27.4 months, no significant difference in PFS was observed between CCS and non-CCS groups (log-rank p = 0.35) or between TCZ and non-TCZ groups (log-rank p = 0.69). ORR, CRR, and OS were also comparable between evaluated groups. In our multivariable model, administering CCS with/without TCZ for CRS/ICANS management did not independently influence PFS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.36-1.51). These findings suggest that, among patients with relapsed/refractory MM, the timely and appropriate use of CCS or TCZ for mitigating immune-mediated toxicities does not appear to impact the antitumor activity and long-term outcomes of CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida Costa
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Flynn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noriko Nishimura
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tasmin Farzana
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sridevi Rajeeve
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J Chung
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather J Landau
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oscar B Lahoud
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Scordo
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gunjan L Shah
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hani Hassoun
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kylee Maclachlan
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malin Hultcrantz
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neha Korde
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander M Lesokhin
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Urvi A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlyn R Tan
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio A Giralt
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karthik Nath
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Yoshikawa T, Ito Y, Wu Z, Kasuya H, Nakashima T, Okamoto S, Amaishi Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Matsukawa T, Inoue S, Kagoya Y. Development of a chimeric cytokine receptor that captures IL-6 and enhances the antitumor response of CAR-T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101526. [PMID: 38670095 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell therapy is suboptimal in most cancers, necessitating further improvement in their therapeutic actions. However, enhancing antitumor T cell response inevitably confers an increased risk of cytokine release syndrome associated with monocyte-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6). Thus, an approach to simultaneously enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety is warranted. Here, we develop a chimeric cytokine receptor composed of the extracellular domains of GP130 and IL6RA linked to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of IL-7R mutant that constitutively activates the JAK-STAT pathway (G6/7R or G6/7R-M452L). CAR-T cells with G6/7R efficiently absorb and degrade monocyte-derived IL-6 in vitro. The G6/7R-expressing CAR-T cells show superior expansion and persistence in vivo, resulting in durable antitumor response in both liquid and solid tumor mouse models. Our strategy can be widely applicable to CAR-T cell therapy to enhance its efficacy and safety, irrespective of the target antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kasuya
- Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakashima
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | | | | | - Haosong Zhang
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsukawa
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yuki Kagoya
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Qiu F, Jiang P, Zhang G, An J, Ruan K, Lyu X, Zhou J, Sheng W. Priming with LSD1 inhibitors promotes the persistence and antitumor effect of adoptively transferred T cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4327. [PMID: 38773088 PMCID: PMC11109160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells is limited by their poor persistence, in part due to exhaustion, but the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions remain underexplored. Here, we show that targeting histone demethylase LSD1 by chemical inhibitors reshapes the epigenome of in vitro activated and expanded CD8+ T cells, and potentiates their antitumor efficacy. Upon T cell receptor activation and IL-2 signaling, a timely and transient inhibition of LSD1 suffices to improve the memory phenotype of mouse CD8+ T cells, associated with a better ability to produce multiple cytokines, resist exhaustion, and persist in both antigen-dependent and -independent manners after adoptive transfer. Consequently, OT1 cells primed with LSD1 inhibitors demonstrate an enhanced antitumor effect in OVA-expressing solid tumor models implanted in female mice, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with PD-1 blockade. Moreover, priming with LSD1 inhibitors promotes polyfunctionality of human CD8+ T cells, and increases the persistence and antitumor efficacy of human CD19-CAR T cells in both leukemia and solid tumor models. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 could be exploited to improve adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peishan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Immunology and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Immunology and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie An
- Institute of Immunology and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jianya Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wanqiang Sheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Immunology and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Brudno JN, Kochenderfer JN. Current understanding and management of CAR T cell-associated toxicities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024:10.1038/s41571-024-00903-0. [PMID: 38769449 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of several haematological malignancies and is being investigated in patients with various solid tumours. Characteristic CAR T cell-associated toxicities such as cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are now well-recognized, and improved supportive care and management with immunosuppressive agents has made CAR T cell therapy safer and more feasible than it was when the first regulatory approvals of such treatments were granted in 2017. The increasing clinical experience with these therapies has also improved recognition of previously less well-defined toxicities, including movement disorders, immune effector cell-associated haematotoxicity (ICAHT) and immune effector cell-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS), as well as the substantial risk of infection in patients with persistent CAR T cell-induced B cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinaemia. A more diverse selection of immunosuppressive and supportive-care pharmacotherapies is now being utilized for toxicity management, yet no universal algorithm for their application exists. As CAR T cell products targeting new antigens are developed, additional toxicities involving damage to non-malignant tissues expressing the target antigen are a potential hurdle. Continued prospective evaluation of toxicity management strategies and the design of less-toxic CAR T cell products are both crucial for ongoing success in this field. In this Review, we discuss the evolving understanding and clinical management of CAR T cell-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Brudno
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - James N Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Yue L, Zuo D, Sheng J, Lan S, Zhao Z, Dong S, Hu S, Chen X, Feng M. Mesothelin CAR-T cells expressing tumor-targeted immunocytokine IL-12 yield durable efficacy and fewer side effects. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107186. [PMID: 38641176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in treating hematological malignancies, but it confronts many challenges in treating solid tumors, such as the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the solid tumors. These factors reduce the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells in clinical trials. Therefore, we used the immunocytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. In this study, we engineered CAR-IL12R54 T cells that targeted mesothelin (MSLN) and secreted a single-chain IL-12 fused to a scFv fragment R54 that recognized a different epitope on mesothelin. The evaluation of the anti-tumor activity of the CAR-IL12R54 T cells alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in vitro and in vivo was followed by the exploration of the functional mechanism by which the immunocytokine IL-12 enhanced the antitumor activity. CAR-IL12R54 T cells had potency to lyse mesothelin positive tumor cells in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that CAR-IL12R54 T cells were effective in controlling the growth of established tumors in a xenograft mouse model with fewer side effects than CAR-T cells that secreted naked IL-12. Furthermore, combination of PD-1 blockade antibody with CAR-IL12R54 T cells elicited durable anti-tumor responses. Mechanistic studies showed that IL12R54 enhanced Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and dampened the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). IL12R54 also upregulated CXCR6 expression in the T cells through the NF-κB pathway, which facilitated T cell infiltration and persistence in the tumor tissues. In summary, the studies provide a good therapeutic option for the clinical treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Linghe Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dianbao Zuo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junfeng Sheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sina Lan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Mingqian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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6
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Hassan SH, Alshahrani MY, Saleh RO, Mohammed BA, Kumar A, Almalki SG, Alkhafaji AT, Ghildiyal P, Al-Tameemi AR, Elawady A. A new vision of the efficacy of both CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. Med Oncol 2024; 41:127. [PMID: 38656354 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) based therapies are becoming increasingly important in treating patients. CAR-T cells have been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, harmful therapeutic barriers have been identified, such as the potential for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), neurotoxicity, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). As a result, CAR NK-cell therapy is expected to be a new therapeutic option. NK cells act as cytotoxic lymphocytes, supporting the innate immune response against autoimmune diseases and cancer cells by precisely detecting and eliminating malignant cells. Genetic modification of these cells provides a dual approach to the treatment of AD and cancer. It can be used through both CAR-independent and CAR-dependent mechanisms. The use of CAR-based cell therapies has been successful in treating cancer patients, leading to further investigation of this innovative treatment for alternative diseases, including AD. The complementary roles of CAR T and CAR NK cells have stimulated exploration in this area. Our study examines the latest research on the therapeutic effectiveness of these cells in treating both cancer and ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Hussein Hassan
- Community Health Department, Technical Institute of Karbala, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | | | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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7
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Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38672519 PMCID: PMC11048403 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhlary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Humberto Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
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8
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Hay ZL, Kim DD, Cimons JM, Knapp JR, Kohler ME, Quansah M, Zúñiga TM, Camp FA, Fujita M, Wang XJ, O’Connor BP, Slansky JE. Granzyme F: Exhaustion Marker and Modulator of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1381-1391. [PMID: 38416029 PMCID: PMC10984789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of proteases used by CD8 T cells to mediate cytotoxicity and other less-defined activities. The substrate and mechanism of action of many granzymes are unknown, although they diverge among the family members. In this study, we show that mouse CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) express a unique array of granzymes relative to CD8 T cells outside the tumor microenvironment in multiple tumor models. Granzyme F was one of the most highly upregulated genes in TILs and was exclusively detected in PD1/TIM3 double-positive CD8 TILs. To determine the function of granzyme F and to improve the cytotoxic response to leukemia, we constructed chimeric Ag receptor T cells to overexpress a single granzyme, granzyme F or the better-characterized granzyme A or B. Using these doubly recombinant T cells, we demonstrated that granzyme F expression improved T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target leukemia cells and induced a form of cell death other than chimeric Ag receptor T cells expressing only endogenous granzymes or exogenous granzyme A or B. However, increasing expression of granzyme F also had a detrimental impact on the viability of the host T cells, decreasing their persistence in circulation in vivo. These results suggest a unique role for granzyme F as a marker of terminally differentiated CD8 T cells with increased cytotoxicity, but also increased self-directed cytotoxicity, suggesting a potential mechanism for the end of the terminal exhaustion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L.Z. Hay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dale D. Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Cimons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Knapp
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - M. Eric Kohler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado and Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary Quansah
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Zúñiga
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Faye A. Camp
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA, and since moved to Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian P. O’Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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9
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Ding Z, Tarlinton D. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the fast lane among autoimmune disease therapies. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1502. [PMID: 38616983 PMCID: PMC11010258 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this commentary, we highlight recent studies demonstrating the feasibility and promise of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in treating a number of autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus and compare CAR T cells to other therapies aimed at depleting B-lineage cells in treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Ding
- Department of ImmunologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - David Tarlinton
- Department of ImmunologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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10
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Golonko A, Pienkowski T, Swislocka R, Orzechowska S, Marszalek K, Szczerbinski L, Swiergiel AH, Lewandowski W. Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38594256 PMCID: PMC11004013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising avenue in oncology, gaining increasing importance and offering substantial advantages when compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, in the context of immunotherapy, there is the potential for the immune system to either support or hinder the administered treatment. This review encompasses recent and pivotal studies that assess the influence of dietary elements, including vitamins, fatty acids, nutrients, small dietary molecules, dietary patterns, and caloric restriction, on the ability to modulate immune responses. Furthermore, the article underscores how these dietary factors have the potential to modify and enhance the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy. It emphasizes the necessity for additional research to comprehend the underlying mechanisms for optimizing the efficacy of anticancer therapy and defining dietary strategies that may reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Persistent investigation in this field holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes and maximizing the benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pienkowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Swislocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orzechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Marszalek
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Hugo Swiergiel
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, W. Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Lewandowski
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Ahn T, Bae EA, Seo H. Decoding and overcoming T cell exhaustion: Epigenetic and transcriptional dynamics in CAR-T cells against solid tumors. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00220-X. [PMID: 38582965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion, which is observed in various chronic infections and malignancies, is characterized by elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, impaired effector functions, decreased proliferation, and reduced cytokine production. Notably, while adoptive T cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy, have shown promise in treating cancer and other diseases, the efficacy of these therapies is often compromised by T cell exhaustion. It is imperative, therefore, to understand the mechanisms underlying this exhaustion to promote advances in T cell-related therapies. Here, we divided exhausted T cells into three distinct subsets according to their developmental and functional profiles: stem-like progenitor cells, intermediately exhausted cells, and terminally exhausted cells. These subsets are carefully regulated by synergistic mechanisms that involve transcriptional and epigenetic modulators. Key transcription factors, such as TCF1, BACH2, and TOX, are crucial for defining and sustaining exhaustion phenotypes. Concurrently, epigenetic regulators, such as TET2 and DNMT3A, shape the chromatin dynamics that direct T cell fate. The interplay of these molecular drivers has recently been highlighted in CAR-T research, revealing promising therapeutic directions. Thus, a profound understanding of exhausted T cell hierarchies and their molecular complexities may reveal innovative and improved tumor treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Ahn
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Carrillo MA, Zhen A, Mu W, Rezek V, Martin H, Peterson CW, Kiem HP, Kitchen SG. Stem cell-derived CAR T cells show greater persistence, trafficking, and viral control compared to ex vivo transduced CAR T cells. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1000-1015. [PMID: 38414243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an area of intense investigation in the treatment of malignancies and chronic viral infections. One of the limitations of ACT-based CAR therapy is the lack of in vivo persistence and maintenance of optimal cell function. Therefore, alternative strategies that increase the function and maintenance of CAR-expressing T cells are needed. In our studies using the humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mouse model and nonhuman primate (NHP) model of HIV infection, we evaluated two CAR-based gene therapy approaches. In the ACT approach, we used cytokine enhancement and preconditioning to generate greater persistence of anti-HIV CAR+ T cells. We observed limited persistence and expansion of anti-HIV CAR T cells, which led to minimal control of the virus. In our stem cell-based approach, we modified hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) with anti-HIV CAR to generate anti-HIV CAR T cells in vivo. We observed CAR-expressing T cell expansion, which led to better plasma viral load suppression. HSPC-derived CAR cells in infected NHPs showed superior trafficking and persistence in multiple tissues. Our results suggest that a stem cell-based CAR T cell approach may be superior in generating long-term persistence and functional antiviral responses against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenli Mu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Rezek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher W Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Pourhassan H, Kareem W, Agrawal V, Aldoss I. Important Considerations in the Intensive Care Management of Acute Leukemias. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:291-305. [PMID: 37990559 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231193955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of hematologic disorders, acute leukemia is approached as an emergent disease given the multitude of complications and challenges that present both as a result of inherent disease pathology and adverse events associated with antineoplastic therapies and interventions. The heavy burden of leukemic cells may lead to complications including tumor lysis syndrome, hyperleukocytosis, leukostasis, and differentiation syndrome, and the initiation of treatment can further exacerbate these effects. Capillary leak syndrome is observed as a result of antineoplastic agents used in acute leukemia, and L-asparaginase, a bacterial-derived enzyme, has a unique side effect profile including association with thrombosis. Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome and malignancy-associated thrombosis are also commonly observed complications due to direct disequilibrium in coagulant and anticoagulant factors. Due to inherent effects on the white blood cell milieu, leukemia patients are inherently immunocompromised and vulnerable to life-threatening sepsis. Lastly, the advents of newer therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have clinicians facing the management of related toxicities on unfamiliar territory. This review aims to discuss these acute leukemia-associated complications, their pathology, and management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Pourhassan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Waasil Kareem
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vaibhav Agrawal
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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14
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Liao Z, Jiang J, Wu W, Shi J, Wang Y, Yao Y, Sheng T, Liu F, Liu W, Zhao P, Lv F, Sun J, Li H, Gu Z. Lymph node-biomimetic scaffold boosts CAR-T therapy against solid tumor. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae018. [PMID: 38440217 PMCID: PMC10911814 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited infiltration and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells is primarily responsible for their treatment deficits in solid tumors. Here, we present a three-dimensional scaffold, inspired by the physiological process of T-cell proliferation in lymph nodes. This scaffold gathers the function of loading, delivery, activation and expansion for CAR-T cells to enhance their therapeutic effects on solid tumors. This porous device is made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) by a microfluidic technique with the modification of T-cell stimulatory signals, including anti-CD3, anti-CD28 antibodies, as well as cytokines. This scaffold fosters a 50-fold CAR-T cell expansion in vitro and a 15-fold cell expansion in vivo. Particularly, it maintains long-lasting expansion of CAR-T cells for up to 30 days in a cervical tumor model and significantly inhibits the tumor growth. This biomimetic delivery strategy provides a versatile platform of cell delivery and activation for CAR-T cells in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuejun Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Feifei Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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15
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Schreiber B, Tripathi S, Nikiforow S, Chandraker A. Adoptive Immune Effector Cell Therapies in Cancer and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Review. Semin Nephrol 2024:151498. [PMID: 38555223 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2024.151498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating complications of kidney transplantation and constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Immunosuppression, although effective in preventing allograft rejection, inherently inhibits immune surveillance against oncogenic viral infections and malignancy. Adoptive cell therapy, particularly immune effector cell therapy, has long been a modality of interest in both cancer and transplantation, though has only recently stepped into the spotlight with the development of virus-specific T-cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Although these modalities are best described in hematopoietic cell transplantation and hematologic malignancies, their potential application in the SOT setting may hold tremendous promise for those with limited therapeutic options. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the development of adoptive cell therapies with a focus on virus-specific T-cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. We also describe the current experience of these therapies in the SOT setting as well as the challenges in their application and future directions in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Schreiber
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Nikiforow
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA.
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16
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Delaveris CS, Kong S, Glasgow J, Loudermilk RP, Kirkemo LL, Zhao F, Salangsang F, Phojanakong P, Camara Serrano JA, Steri V, Wells JA. Chemoproteomics reveals immunogenic and tumor-associated cell surface substrates of ectokinase CK2α. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585970. [PMID: 38562834 PMCID: PMC10983885 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
New epitopes for immune recognition provide the basis of anticancer immunity. Due to the high concentration of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that extracellular kinases (ectokinases) could have dysregulated activity and introduce aberrant phosphorylation sites on cell surface proteins. We engineered a cell-tethered version of the extracellular kinase CK2α, demonstrated it was active on cells under tumor-relevant conditions, and profiled its substrate scope using a chemoproteomic workflow. We then demonstrated that mice developed polyreactive antisera in response to syngeneic tumor cells that had been subjected to surface hyperphosphorylation with CK2α. Interestingly, these mice developed B cell and CD4+ T cell responses in response to these antigens but failed to develop a CD8+ T cell response. This work provides a workflow for probing the extracellular phosphoproteome and demonstrates that extracellular phosphoproteins are immunogenic even in a syngeneic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone S Delaveris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Sophie Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Jeff Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Rita P Loudermilk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Lisa L Kirkemo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Fernando Salangsang
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Paul Phojanakong
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Camara Serrano
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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17
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Zhu L, Man CW, Harrison RE, Wu Z, Limsakul P, Peng Q, Hashimoto M, Mamaril AP, Xu H, Liu L, Wang Y. Engineering a Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Targeting Monobody Via Directed Evolution for SynNotch-Gated Cell Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8531-8545. [PMID: 38456901 PMCID: PMC10958600 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy due to its ability to inhibit T cell activation; however, its expression on various noncancer cells may cause on-target off-tumor toxicity when designing PD-L1-targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. Combining rational design and directed evolution of the human fibronectin-derived monobody scaffold, "PDbody" was engineered to bind to PD-L1 with a preference for a slightly lower pH, which is typical in the tumor microenvironment. PDbody was further utilized as a CAR to target the PD-L1-expressing triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. To mitigate on-target off-tumor toxicity associated with targeting PD-L1, a Cluster of Differentiation 19 (CD19)-recognizing SynNotch IF THEN gate was integrated into the system. This CD19-SynNotch PDbody-CAR system was then expressed in primary human T cells to target CD19-expressing MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. These CD19-SynNotch PDbody-CAR T cells demonstrated both specificity and efficacy in vitro, accurately eradicating cancer targets in cytotoxicity assays. Moreover, in an in vivo bilateral murine tumor model, they exhibited the capability to effectively restrain tumor growth. Overall, CD19-SynNotch PDbody-CAR T cells represent a distinct development over previously published designs due to their increased efficacy, proliferative capability, and mitigation of off-tumor toxicity for solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Zhu
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Alfred
E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Chi-Wei Man
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093 United States
| | - Reed E.S. Harrison
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhuohang Wu
- Alfred
E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Praopim Limsakul
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Division
of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
- Center of
Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Qin Peng
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P.R. China
| | - Matthew Hashimoto
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony P. Mamaril
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hongquan Xu
- Department
of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Longwei Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Alfred
E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department
of Bioengineering & Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Alfred
E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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18
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Cho Y, Laird M, Bishop T, Li R, Ruffo E, Lohmueller J, Zervantonakis IK. CAR T cell infiltration and cytotoxic killing within the core of 3D breast cancer spheroids under control of antigen sensing in microwell arrays. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585033. [PMID: 38654820 PMCID: PMC11037865 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in blood cancers has intensified efforts to develop CAR T therapies for solid cancers. In the solid tumor microenvironment, CAR T cell trafficking and suppression of cytotoxic killing represent limiting factors for therapeutic efficacy. Here, we present a microwell platform to study CAR T cell interactions with 3D tumor spheroids and determine predictors of anti-tumor CAR T cell function. To precisely control antigen sensing by CAR T cells, we utilized a switchable adaptor CAR system, that instead of directly binding to an antigen of interest, covalently attaches to co-administered antibody adaptors that mediate tumor antigen recognition. Following addition of an anti-HER2 adaptor antibody, primary human CAR T cells exhibited higher infiltration and clustering compared to the no adaptor control. By tracking CAR T cell killing at the individual spheroid level, we showed the suppressive effects of spheroid size and identified the initial CAR T cell : spheroid area ratio as a predictor of cytotoxicity. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed lower CAR T cell numbers and cytotoxicity in the spheroid core compared to the periphery. Finally, increasing CAR T cell seeding density, resulted in higher CAR T cell infiltration and cancer cell elimination in the spheroid core. Our findings provide new quantitative insights into CAR T cell-mediated killing of HER2+ breast tumor cells. Given the miniaturized nature and live imaging capabilities, our microfabricated system holds promise for discovering cell-cell interaction mechanisms that orchestrate antitumor CAR T cell functions and screening cellular immunotherapies in 3D tumor models.
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19
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Song HW, Benzaoui M, Dwivedi A, Underwood S, Shao L, Achar S, Posarac V, Remley VA, Prochazkova M, Cai Y, Jin P, Somerville RP, Stroncek DF, Altan-Bonnet G, Shah NN, Chien CD, Taylor N, Highfill SL. Manufacture of CD22 CAR T cells following positive versus negative selection results in distinct cytokine secretion profiles and γδ T cell output. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101171. [PMID: 38298420 PMCID: PMC10827561 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) have demonstrated curative potential for hematological malignancies, but the optimal manufacturing has not yet been determined and may differ across products. The first step, T cell selection, removes contaminating cell types that can potentially suppress T cell expansion and transduction. While positive selection of CD4/CD8 T cells after leukapheresis is often used in clinical trials, it may modulate signaling cascades downstream of these co-receptors; indeed, the addition of a CD4/CD8-positive selection step altered CD22 CART potency and toxicity in patients. While negative selection may avoid this drawback, it is virtually absent from good manufacturing practices. Here, we performed both CD4/CD8-positive and -negative clinical scale selections of mononuclear cell apheresis products and generated CD22 CARTs per our ongoing clinical trial (NCT02315612NCT02315612). While the selection process did not yield differences in CART expansion or transduction, positively selected CART exhibited a significantly higher in vitro interferon-γ and IL-2 secretion but a lower in vitro tumor killing rate. Notably, though, CD22 CART generated from both selection protocols efficiently eradicated leukemia in NSG mice, with negatively selected cells exhibiting a significant enrichment in γδ CD22 CART. Thus, our study demonstrates the importance of the initial T cell selection process in clinical CART manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W. Song
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Benzaoui
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alka Dwivedi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Underwood
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sooraj Achar
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Victoria A. Remley
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yihua Cai
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert P. Somerville
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David F. Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nirali N. Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D. Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Steven L. Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Amatya C, Weissler KA, Fellowes V, Lam N, Cutmore LC, Natrakul DA, Highfill SL, Kochenderfer JN. Optimization of anti-CD19 CAR T cell production for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101212. [PMID: 38455264 PMCID: PMC10918271 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
T cells expressing anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but complete response rates range from 18% to 29%, so improvement is needed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CLL patients often contain high levels of CLL cells that can interfere with CAR T cell production, and T cells from CLL patients are prone to exhaustion and other functional defects. We previously developed an anti-CD19 CAR designated Hu19-CD828Z. Hu19-CD828Z has a binding domain derived from a fully human antibody and a CD28 costimulatory domain. We aimed to develop an optimized process for producing Hu19-CD828Z-expressing T cells (Hu19-CAR T) from PBMC of CLL patients. We determined that supplementing Hu19-CAR-T cultures with interleukin (IL)-7 + IL-15 had advantages over using IL-2, including greater accumulation of Hu19-CAR T cells during in vitro proliferation assays. We determined that positive selection with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 magnetic beads was the optimal method of T cell purification because this method resulted in high T cell purity. We determined that anti-CD3/CD28 paramagnetic beads were the optimal T cell activation reagent. Finally, we developed a current good manufacturing practices-compliant clinical-scale protocol for producing Hu19-CAR T from PBMC of CLL patients. These Hu19-CAR T exhibited a full range of in vitro functions and eliminated leukemia from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Amatya
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Surgery Branch Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A. Weissler
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Surgery Branch Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vicki Fellowes
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norris Lam
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Surgery Branch Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren C. Cutmore
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Surgery Branch Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A. Natrakul
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Surgery Branch Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L. Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James N. Kochenderfer
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Surgery Branch Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Lodka D, Zschummel M, Bunse M, Rousselle A, Sonnemann J, Kettritz R, Höpken UE, Schreiber A. CD19-targeting CAR T cells protect from ANCA-induced acute kidney injury. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:499-507. [PMID: 38182404 PMCID: PMC10958264 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are life-threatening systemic autoimmune diseases manifesting in the kidneys as necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN). ANCA antigens are myeloperoxidase (MPO) or proteinase 3. Current treatments include steroids, cytotoxic drugs and B cell-depleting antibodies. The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in autoimmune diseases is a promising new therapeutic approach. We tested the hypothesis that CAR T cells targeting CD19 deplete B cells, including MPO-ANCA-producing B cells, thereby protecting from ANCA-induced NCGN. METHODS We tested this hypothesis in a preclinical MPO-AAV mouse model. NCGN was established by immunisation of MPO-/- mice with murine MPO, followed by irradiation and transplantation with haematopoietic cells from wild-type mice alone or together with either CD19-targeting CAR T cells or control CAR T cells. RESULTS CD19 CAR T cells efficiently migrated to and persisted in bone marrow, spleen, peripheral blood and kidneys for up to 8 weeks. CD19 CAR T cells, but not control CAR T cells, depleted B cells and plasmablasts, enhanced the MPO-ANCA decline, and most importantly protected from NCGN. CONCLUSION Our proof-of-principle study may encourage further exploration of CAR T cells as a treatment for ANCA-vasculitis patients with the goal of drug-free remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Lodka
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zschummel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Bunse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony Rousselle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janis Sonnemann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Ge S, Zhao Y, Liang J, He Z, Li K, Zhang G, Hua B, Zheng H, Guo Q, Qi R, Shi Z. Immune modulation in malignant pleural effusion: from microenvironment to therapeutic implications. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:105. [PMID: 38475858 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy have become the focus and frontier of tumor research, and the immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided novel strategies for tumor treatment. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common end-stage manifestation of lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and other thoracic malignancies, which is invasive and often accompanied by poor prognosis, affecting the quality of life of affected patients. Currently, clinical therapy for MPE is limited to pleural puncture, pleural fixation, catheter drainage, and other palliative therapies. Immunization is a new direction for rehabilitation and treatment of MPE. The effusion caused by cancer cells establishes its own immune microenvironment during its formation. Immune cells, cytokines, signal pathways of microenvironment affect the MPE progress and prognosis of patients. The interaction between them have been proved. The relevant studies were obtained through a systematic search of PubMed database according to keywords search method. Then through screening and sorting and reading full-text, 300 literatures were screened out. Exclude irrelevant and poor quality articles, 238 literatures were cited in the references. In this study, the mechanism of immune microenvironment affecting malignant pleural effusion was discussed from the perspectives of adaptive immune cells, innate immune cells, cytokines and molecular targets. Meanwhile, this study focused on the clinical value of microenvironmental components in the immunotherapy and prognosis of malignant pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ge
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiao Street, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhongning He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kai Li
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, No.10 Yangfangdiantieyilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Runzhi Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhan Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiao Street, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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23
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Song HW, Prochazkova M, Shao L, Traynor R, Underwood S, Black M, Fellowes V, Shi R, Pouzolles M, Chou HC, Cheuk AT, Taylor N, Jin P, Somerville RP, Stroncek DF, Khan J, Highfill SL. CAR-T cell expansion platforms yield distinct T cell differentiation states. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00091-4. [PMID: 38625071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
With investigators looking to expand engineered T cell therapies such as CAR-T to new tumor targets and patient populations, a variety of cell manufacturing platforms have been developed to scale manufacturing capacity using closed and/or automated systems. Such platforms are particularly useful for solid tumor targets, which typically require higher CAR-T cell doses. Although T cell phenotype and function are key attributes that often correlate with therapeutic efficacy, how manufacturing platforms influence the final CAR-T cell product is currently unknown. We compared 4 commonly used T cell manufacturing platforms (CliniMACS Prodigy, Xuri W25 rocking platform, G-Rex gas-permeable bioreactor, static bag culture) using identical media, stimulation, culture length, and donor starting material. Selected CD4+CD8+ cells were transduced with lentiviral vector incorporating a CAR targeting FGFR4, a promising target for pediatric sarcoma. We observed significant differences in overall expansion over the 14-day culture; bag cultures had the highest capacity for expansion while the Prodigy had the lowest (481-fold versus 84-fold, respectively). Strikingly, we also observed considerable differences in the phenotype of the final product, with the Prodigy significantly enriched for CCR7+CD45RA+ naïve/stem central memory (Tn/scm)-like cells at 46% compared to bag and G-Rex with 16% and 13%, respectively. Gene expression analysis also showed that Prodigy CAR-Ts are more naïve, less cytotoxic and less exhausted than bag, G-Rex, and Xuri CAR-Ts, and pointed to differences in cell metabolism that were confirmed via metabolic assays. We hypothesized that dissolved oxygen level, which decreased substantially during the final 3 days of the Prodigy culture, may contribute to the observed differences in T cell phenotype. By culturing bag and G-Rex cultures in 1% O2 from day 5 onward, we could generate >60% Tn/scm-like cells, with longer time in hypoxia correlating with a higher percentage of Tn/scm-like cells. Intriguingly, our results suggest that oxygenation is responsible, at least in part, for observed differences in T cell phenotype among bioreactors and suggest hypoxic culture as a potential strategy prevent T cell differentiation during expansion. Ultimately, our study demonstrates that selection of bioreactor system may have profound effects not only on the capacity for expansion, but also on the differentiation state of the resulting CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W Song
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roshini Traynor
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Underwood
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Black
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vicki Fellowes
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rongye Shi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Genomics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam T Cheuk
- Genomics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert P Somerville
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genomics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Center for Cellular Engineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Shi J, Wu W, Chen D, Liao Z, Sheng T, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wu Q, Liu F, Zhou R, Zhu C, Shen X, Mao Z, Ding Y, Wang W, Dotti G, Sun J, Liang X, Fang W, Zhao P, Li H, Gu Z. Lyophilized lymph nodes for improved delivery of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01825-z. [PMID: 38448658 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are crucial organs of the adaptive immune system, orchestrating T cell priming, activation and tolerance. T cell activity and function are highly regulated by lymph nodes, which have a unique structure harbouring distinct cells that work together to detect and respond to pathogen-derived antigens. Here we show that implanted patient-derived freeze-dried lymph nodes loaded with chimeric antigen receptor T cells improve delivery to solid tumours and inhibit tumour recurrence after surgery. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells can be effectively loaded into lyophilized lymph nodes, whose unaltered meshwork and cytokine and chemokine contents promote chimeric antigen receptor T cell viability and activation. In mouse models of cell-line-derived human cervical cancer and patient-derived pancreatic cancer, delivery of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting mesothelin via the freeze-dried lymph nodes is more effective in preventing tumour recurrence when compared to hydrogels containing T-cell-supporting cytokines. This tissue-mediated cell delivery strategy holds promise for controlled release of various cells and therapeutics with long-term activity and augmented function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Nix MA, Wiita AP. Alternative target recognition elements for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells: beyond standard antibody fragments. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00069-0. [PMID: 38466264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are a remarkably efficacious, highly promising and rapidly evolving strategy in the field of immuno-oncology. The precision of these targeted cellular therapies is driven by the specificity of the antigen recognition element (the "binder") encoded in the CAR. This binder redirects these immune effector cells precisely toward a defined antigen on the surface of cancer cells, leading to T-cell receptor-independent tumor lysis. Currently, for tumor targeting most CAR-T cells are designed using single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) derived from murine or human immunoglobulins. However, there are several emerging alternative binder modalities that are finding increasing utility for improved CAR function beyond scFvs. METHODS Here we review the most recent developments in the use of non-canonical protein binding domains in CAR design, including nanobodies, DARPins, natural ligands, and de novo-designed protein elements. RESULTS Overall, we describe how new protein binder formats, with their unique structural properties and mechanisms of action, may possess key advantages over traditional scFv CAR designs. CONCLUSIONS These alternative binder designs may contribute to enhanced CAR-T therapeutic options and, ultimately, improved outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Nix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Cartography Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA.
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26
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Murad V, Kohan A, Ortega C, Prica A, Veit-Haibach P, Metser U. Role of FDG PET/CT in Patients With Lymphoma Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Current Concepts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024; 222:e2330301. [PMID: 38054958 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.30301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a cellular therapy in which the patient's T cells are enhanced to recognize and bind to specific tumor antigens. CAR T-cell therapy was initially developed for the treatment of leukemia, but its current main indication is the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. FDG PET/CT plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis, staging, therapy response assessment, and recurrence evaluation of patients with metabolically active lymphoma. Consistent with the examination's role in lymphoma management, FDG PET/CT is also the imaging modality of choice to evaluate patients before and after CAR T-cell therapy, and evidence supporting its utility in this setting continues to accumulate. In this article, we review current concepts in CAR T-cell therapy in patients with lymphoma, emphasizing the critical role of FDG PET/CT before and after therapy. A framework is presented that entails performing FDG PET/CT at four time points over the course of CAR T-cell therapy: pretherapy at baseline at the time of decision to administer CAR T-cell therapy and after any bridging therapies and posttherapy 1 and 3 months after infusion. PET parameters assessed at these time points predict various patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Murad
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Net work, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Andres Kohan
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Net work, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Claudia Ortega
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Net work, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Anca Prica
- Department of Hematology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Net work, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and University Health Net work, Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Ste 3-920, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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27
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Stergiopoulos GM, Iankov I, Galanis E. Personalizing Oncolytic Immunovirotherapy Approaches. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:153-168. [PMID: 38150172 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Development of successful cancer therapeutics requires exploration of the differences in genetics, metabolism, and interactions with the immune system among malignant and normal cells. The clinical observation of spontaneous tumor regression following natural infection with microorganism has created the premise of their use as cancer therapeutics. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) originate from viruses with attenuated virulence in humans, well-characterized vaccine strains of known human pathogens, or engineered replication-deficient viral vectors. Their selectivity is based on receptor expression level and post entry restriction factors that favor replication in the tumor, while keeping the normal cells unharmed. Clinical trials have demonstrated a wide range of patient responses to virotherapy, with subgroups of patients significantly benefiting from OV administration. Tumor-specific gene signatures, including antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression profile, have demonstrated a strong correlation with tumor permissiveness to infection. Furthermore, the combination of OVs with immunotherapeutics, including anticancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T or CAR-NK cells], could synergistically improve the therapeutic outcome. Creating response prediction algorithms represents an important step for the transition to individualized immunovirotherapy approaches in the clinic. Integrative predictors could include tumor mutational burden (TMB), inflammatory gene signature, phenotype of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune checkpoint receptor expression on both immune and target cells. Additionally, the gut microbiota has recently been recognized as a systemic immunomodulatory factor and could further be used in the optimization of individualized immunovirotherapy algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ianko Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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28
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Toyofuku T, Ishikawa T, Nojima S, Kumanogoh A. Efficacy against Lung Cancer Is Augmented by Combining Aberrantly N-Glycosylated T Cells with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Targeting Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Neighbor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:917-927. [PMID: 38214607 PMCID: PMC10876419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The adaptive transfer of T cells redirected to cancer cells via chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) has produced clinical benefits for the treatment of hematologic diseases. To extend this approach to solid cancer, we screened CARs targeting surface Ags on human lung cancer cells using (to our knowledge) novel expression cloning based on the Ag receptor-induced transcriptional activation of IL-2. Isolated CARs were directed against fragile X mental retardation 1 neighbor (FMR1NB), a cancer-testis Ag that is expressed by malignant cells and adult testicular germ cells. Anti-FMR1NB CAR human T cells demonstrated target-specific cytotoxicity and successfully controlled tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of lung cancer. Furthermore, to protect CAR T cells from immune-inhibitory molecules, which are present in the tumor microenvironment, we introduced anti-FMR1NB CARs into 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG)-treated human T cells. These cells exhibited reduced binding affinity to immune-inhibitory molecules, and the suppressive effects of these molecules were resisted through blockade of the N-glycosylation of their receptors. Anti-FMR1NB CARs in 2DG-treated human T cells augmented target-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our findings demonstrated the feasibility of eradicating lung cancer cells using 2DG-treated human T cells, which are able to direct tumor-specific FMR1NB via CARs and survive in the suppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Toyofuku
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Ishikawa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Molldrem J, He H, Vedia R, Lu S, Li Q, Cox K, St John L, Sergeeva A, Clise-Dwyer K, Alatrash G, Shpall E, Ma Q. Hu8F4-CAR T cells with mutated Fc spacer segment improve target-specificity and mediate anti-leukemia activity in vivo. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3937972. [PMID: 38464203 PMCID: PMC10925463 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3937972/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hu8F4 is a T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody with high affinity for leukemia-associated antigen PR1/HLA-A2 epitope. Adapted into a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) format, Hu8F4-CAR is comprised of the Hu8F4 scFv, the human IgG1 CH2CH3 extracellular spacer domain, a human CD28 costimulatory domain, and the human CD3ζ signaling domain. We have demonstrated high efficacy of Hu8F4-CAR-T cells against PR1/HLA-A2-expressing cell lines and leukemic blasts from AML patients in vitro. Previous studies have shown that modification of the Fc domains of IgG4 CH2CH3 spacer regions can eliminate activation-induced cell death and off-target killing mediated by mouse Fc gamma receptor (FcgR)-expressing cells. We generated Hu8F4-CAR(PQ) with mutated Fc receptor binding sites on the CH2 domain of Hu8F4-CAR to prevent unwanted interactions with FcgR-expressing cells in vivo. The primary human T cells transduced with Hu8F4-CAR(PQ) can specifically lyse HLA-A2+ PR1-expressing leukemia cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, both adult donor-derived and cord blood-derived Hu8F4-CAR(PQ)-T cells are active and can eliminate U937 leukemia cells in NSG mice. Herein, we demonstrate that modification of the IgG1-based spacer can eliminate Fc receptor-binding-induced adverse effects and Hu8F4-CAR(PQ)-T cells can kill leukemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong He
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Qiaochuan Li
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Kathryn Cox
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Lisa St John
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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30
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Dao T, Xiong G, Mun SS, Meyerberg J, Korontsvit T, Xiang J, Cui Z, Chang AY, Jarvis C, Cai W, Luo H, Pierson A, Daniyan A, Yoo S, Takao S, Kharas M, Kentsis A, Liu C, Scheinberg DA. A dual-receptor T-cell platform with Ab-TCR and costimulatory receptor achieves specificity and potency against AML. Blood 2024; 143:507-521. [PMID: 38048594 PMCID: PMC10950474 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy has produced remarkable clinical responses in B-cell neoplasms. However, many challenges limit this class of agents for the treatment of other cancer types, in particular the lack of tumor-selective antigens for solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which may be addressed without significant risk of severe toxicities while providing sufficient abundance for efficient tumor suppression. One approach to overcome this hurdle is dual targeting by an antibody-T-cell receptor (AbTCR) and a chimeric costimulatory signaling receptor (CSR) to 2 different antigens, in which both antigens are found together on the cancer cells but not together on normal cells. To explore this proof of concept in AML, we engineered a new T-cell format targeting Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) and CD33; both are highly expressed on most AML cells. Using an AbTCR comprising a newly developed TCR-mimic monoclonal antibody against the WT1 RMFPNAPYL (RMF) epitope/HLA-A2 complex, ESK2, and a secondary CSR comprising a single-chain variable fragment directed to CD33 linked to a truncated CD28 costimulatory fragment, this unique platform confers specific T-cell cytotoxicity to the AML cells while sparing healthy hematopoietic cells, including CD33+ myelomonocytic normal cells. These data suggest that this new platform, named AbTCR-CSR, through the combination of a AbTCR CAR and CSR could be an effective strategy to reduce toxicity and improve specificity and clinical outcomes in adoptive T-cell therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Sung Soo Mun
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy Meyerberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tatyana Korontsvit
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Ziyou Cui
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc, Emeryville, CA
| | - Aaron Y. Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Casey Jarvis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Winson Cai
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hanzhi Luo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Aspen Pierson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Daniyan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Yoo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sumiko Takao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc, Emeryville, CA
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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31
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Trabolsi A, Arumov A, Schatz JH. Bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells: dueling immunotherapies for large B-cell lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:27. [PMID: 38331870 PMCID: PMC10853226 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-00997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), at least a third of those diagnosed still will require second or further lines for relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease. A small minority of these can be cured with standard chemoimmunotherapy/stem-cell transplant salvage approaches. CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-19) therapies are increasingly altering the prognostic landscape for rel/ref patients with DLBCL and related aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Long-term follow up data show ongoing disease-free outcomes consistent with cure in 30-40% after CAR-19, including high-risk patients primary refractory to or relapsing within 1 year of frontline treatment. This has made CAR-19 a preferred option for these difficult-to-treat populations. Widespread adoption, however, remains challenged by logistical and patient-related hurdles, including a requirement for certified tertiary care centers concentrated in urban centers, production times of at least 3-4 weeks, and high per-patients costs similar to allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are molecular biotherapies designed to bind and activate effector T-cells and drive them to B-cell antigens, leading to a similar cellular-dependent cytotoxicity as CAR-19. May and June of 2023 saw initial approvals of next-generation BsAbs glofitamab and epcoritamab in DLBCL as third or higher-line therapy, or for patients ineligible for CAR-19. BsAbs have similar spectrum but generally reduced severity of immune related side effects as CAR-19 and can be administered in community settings without need to manufacture patient-specific cellular products. To date and in contrast to CAR-19, however, there is no convincing evidence of cure after BsAbs monotherapy, though follow up is limited. The role of BsAbs in DLBCL treatment is rapidly evolving with trials investigating use in both relapsed and frontline curative-intent combinations. The future of DLBCL treatment is bound increasingly to include effector cell mediated immunotherapies, but further optimization of both cellular and BsAb approaches is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaad Trabolsi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Program, Jackson Memorial Health System/ University of Miami, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Artavazd Arumov
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
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32
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Mikkilineni L, Natrakul DA, Lam N, Manasanch EE, Mann J, Weissler KA, Wong N, Brudno JN, Goff SL, Yang JC, Ganaden M, Patel R, Zheng Z, Gartner JJ, Martin KR, Wang HW, Yuan CM, Lowe T, Maric I, Shao L, Jin P, Stroncek DF, Highfill SL, Rosenberg SA, Kochenderfer JN. Rapid anti-myeloma activity by T cells expressing an anti-BCMA CAR with a human heavy-chain-only antigen-binding domain. Mol Ther 2024; 32:503-526. [PMID: 38155568 PMCID: PMC10861980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rarely curable malignancy of plasma cells. MM expresses B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). We developed a fully human anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with a heavy-chain-only antigen-recognition domain, a 4-1BB domain, and a CD3ζ domain. The CAR was designated FHVH33-CD8BBZ. We conducted the first-in-humans clinical trial of T cells expressing FHVH33-CD8BBZ (FHVH-T). Twenty-five patients with relapsed MM were treated. The stringent complete response rate (sCR) was 52%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 78 weeks. Of 24 evaluable patients, 6 (25%) had a maximum cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) grade of 3; no patients had CRS of greater than grade 3. Most anti-MM activity occurred within 2-4 weeks of FHVH-T infusion as shown by decreases in the rapidly changing MM markers serum free light chains, urine light chains, and bone marrow plasma cells. Blood CAR+ cell levels peaked during the time that MM elimination was occurring, between 7 and 15 days after FHVH-T infusion. C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) expression on infusion CD4+ FHVH-T correlated with peak blood FHVH-T levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a shift toward more differentiated FHVH-T after infusion. Anti-CAR antibody responses were detected in 4 of 12 patients assessed. FHVH-T has powerful, rapid, and durable anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Mikkilineni
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Natrakul
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norris Lam
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Mann
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A Weissler
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer N Brudno
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Micaela Ganaden
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashmika Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn R Martin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Yuan
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Lowe
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James N Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Prasongtanakij S, Preedagasamzin S, Jittorntrum B, Anurathapan U, Puavilai T, Niparuck P, Chantrathammachart P, Piyajaroenkij T, Uaesoontrachoon K, Uchibori R, Ozawa K, Ohmine K, Hongeng S. Cytotoxicity and exhaustion markers of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma cell lines between patients and healthy donors. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:248-256. [PMID: 37222081 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 10% of hematologic malignancies. However, most of the patients suffered from relapsed/refractory disease. We would like to expand CAR T cell therapy to treat MM using our current platform. METHODS BCMA CAR T lymphocytes were generated for volunteers or MM patients. The transduction efficiency was detected by the ddPCR technique. Immunophenotyping and exhaustion markers were monitored by flow cytometry. The efficacy of BCMA CAR T cells was tested using coculturing with BCMA CAR or mock, and the positive and negative targets, K562/hBCMA-ECTM and K562, respectively. RESULTS BCMA CAR T cells were generated from consented volunteers or MM patients and could be detected CAR BCMA expression at a mean of 4.07 ± 1.95 or 4.65 ± 1.21 copies/cell, respectively. Those modified T cells were primarily effector memory T cells. Our BCMA CAR T cells could explicitly eradicate the K562/hBCMA-ECTM cell line while the K562 cell line survived. Interestingly, the BCMA CAR, mock T cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MM patients expressed similar levels of the exhaustion makers, TIM-3, LAG-3, and PD1. CONCLUSIONS Our BCMA CAR T cells, mainly effector/effector memory, could eliminate BCMA-expressing cells in vitro and had similar levels of exhaustion markers among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somsak Prasongtanakij
- Research, Academics and Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarinthip Preedagasamzin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bunyada Jittorntrum
- Research, Academics and Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeraya Puavilai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimjai Niparuck
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thanakrit Piyajaroenkij
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Division of Immuno-Gene & Cell Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Keiya Ozawa
- Division of Immuno-Gene & Cell Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Division of Immuno-Gene & Cell Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi-ken, Japan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Munoz J, Flinn IW, Cohen JB, Sachs J, Exter B, Ranger A, Harris P, Payumo F, Nath R, Hamadani M, Westin JR, Bachanova V. Results from a Phase 1 Study of ACTR707 in Combination with Rituximab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory CD20 + B Cell Lymphoma. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:241.e1-241.e8. [PMID: 37898374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The antibody-coupled T cell receptor (ACTR) platform is an autologous engineered T cell therapy combining the cell-killing ability of T cells and the tumor-targeting ability of coadministered antibodies. Activation of the T cell product ACTR707 is dependent on the engagement of antibody bound to target cells via the CD16 domain of the chimeric receptor (CD16V-CD28-CD3ζ). ACTR707 in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab was evaluated in the ATTCK-20-03 study, a multisite, single-arm, open-label phase I trial in B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of the combination of ACTR707 and rituximab and to determine a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included evaluation of antitumor activity and ACTR T cell persistence. The study design included an ACTR707 cell dose escalation phase and an expansion phase at the RP2D. Escalating dose levels of ACTR707 in combination with rituximab were explored in 5 dose cohorts, with 25 subjects receiving study treatment. Subjects received lymphodepleting chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2/day and fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day) for 3 days, followed by rituximab 375 mg/m2 and, 24 to 48 hours later, a single dose of ACTR707. Additional doses of rituximab were administered every 3 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or investigator decision. Blood samples were collected at various time points to assess levels of rituximab, cytokines, inflammatory markers, and ACTR707 T cells. The overall response rate of ACTR707 plus rituximab was 56% (14 of 25) across all dose levels. Ten subjects (40.0%) achieved a complete response, with the longest duration of 586 days (range, 85 to 586 days), and 4 subjects (16.0%) experienced a partial response, with the longest duration of 130 days (range, 44 to 130 days). Only 1 case of cytokine release syndrome (grade 2) and no events of neurotoxicity were reported. There were no dose-limiting toxicities or events leading to death. ACTR707 plus rituximab resulted in only 1 adverse event (neutropenia), leading to study discontinuation of rituximab. The ATTCK-20-03 trial serves as proof of principle regarding the ACTR approach that potentially could be used with other antibodies targeting other markers in other malignancies. Although the ACTR707 program has been discontinued, these results may support other programs in the use of similar novel approaches of antibody-coupled T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Munoz
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona.
| | - Ian W Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathon B Cohen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Ann Ranger
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Mehdi Hamadani
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jason R Westin
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Veronika Bachanova
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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35
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Singh R, Kim YH, Lee SJ, Eom HS, Choi BK. 4-1BB immunotherapy: advances and hurdles. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:32-39. [PMID: 38172595 PMCID: PMC10834507 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its initial description 35 years ago as an inducible molecule expressed in cytotoxic and helper T cells, 4-1BB has emerged as a crucial receptor in T-cell-mediated immune functions. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of 4-1BB in infection and tumor immunity. However, the clinical development of 4-1BB agonist antibodies has been impeded by the occurrence of strong adverse events, notably hepatotoxicity, even though these antibodies have exhibited tremendous promise in in vivo tumor models. Efforts are currently underway to develop a new generation of agonist antibodies and recombinant proteins with modified effector functions that can harness the potent T-cell modulation properties of 4-1BB while mitigating adverse effects. In this review, we briefly examine the role of 4-1BB in T-cell biology, explore its clinical applications, and discuss future prospects in the field of 4-1BB agonist immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics Technology Branch, Division of Technology Convergence, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seok Eom
- Hematological Malignancy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom K Choi
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Innobationbio, Co., Ltd., Mapo-gu, Seoul, 03929, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Eugene-Norbert M, Cuffel A, Riou G, Jean L, Blondel C, Dehayes J, Bisson A, Giverne C, Brotin E, Denoyelle C, Poulain L, Boyer O, Martinet J, Latouche JB. Development of optimized cytotoxicity assays for assessing the antitumor potential of CAR-T cells. J Immunol Methods 2024; 525:113603. [PMID: 38147898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
CAR-T cells are T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) rendering them capable of killing tumor cells after recognition of a target antigen. CD19 CAR-T cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies. Their function is typically assessed by cytotoxicity assays using human allogeneic cell lines expressing the target antigen CD19 such as Nalm-6. However, an alloreactive reaction is observed with these cells, leading to a CD19-independent killing. To address this issue, we developed a fluorescence microscopy-based potency assay using murine target cells to provide an optimized cytotoxicity assay with enhanced specificity towards CD19. Murine NIH/3T3 (3T3) fibroblast-derived cell line and EL4 T-cell lymphoma-derived cell line were used as targets (no xenoreactivity was observed after coculture with human T cells). 3T3 and EL4 cells were engineered to express eGFP (enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) and CD19 or CD22 using retroviral vectors. CD19 CAR-T cells and non-transduced (NT) control T cells were produced from several donors. After 4 h or 24 h, alloreactive cytotoxicity against CD19+ Nalm-6-GFP cells and CD19- Jurkat-GFP cells was observed with NT or CAR-T cells. In the same conditions, CAR-T but not NT cells specifically killed CD19+ but not CD19- 3T3-GFP or EL4-GFP cells. Both microscope- and flow cytometry-based assays revealed as sensitive as impedance-based assay. Using flow cytometry, we could further determine that CAR-T cells had mostly a stem cell-like memory phenotype after contact with EL4 target cells. Therefore, CD19+ 3T3-GFP or EL4-GFP cells and fluorescence microscopy- or flow cytometry-based assays provide convenient, sensitive and specific tools to evaluate CAR-T cell function with no alloreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Eugene-Norbert
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Alexis Cuffel
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Gaetan Riou
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Laetitia Jean
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Clara Blondel
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Justine Dehayes
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Aurélie Bisson
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Camille Giverne
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Emilie Brotin
- Université de Caen Normandie, Unité de Service PLATON, ImpedanCELL Core Facility, Caen F-14000, France
| | - Christophe Denoyelle
- Université de Caen Normandie, Unité de Service PLATON, ImpedanCELL Core Facility, Caen F-14000, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Inserm, ANTICIPE UMR (1086), Structure Fédérative 4207 Normandie Oncologie, Normandie Univ, Caen F-14000, France; Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Unicancer, Caen F-14000, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Université de Caen Normandie, Inserm, ANTICIPE UMR (1086), Structure Fédérative 4207 Normandie Oncologie, Normandie Univ, Caen F-14000, France; Comprehensive Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Unicancer, Caen F-14000, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Jérémie Martinet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Latouche
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Rouen F-76000, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm UMR1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen F-76000, France
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37
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, He M, Xing W, Hou R, Zhang H. Co-expression of IL-21-Enhanced NKG2D CAR-NK cell therapy for lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38263004 PMCID: PMC10807083 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy has achieved great success in treating hematological malignancies. However, the production of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy still faces various difficulties. Natural killer (NK)-92 is a continuously expandable cell line and provides a promising alternative for patient's own immune cells. METHODS We established CAR-NK cells by co-expressing natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) and IL-21, and evaluated the efficacy of NKG2D-IL-21 CAR-NK cells in treating lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our data suggested that the expression of IL-21 effectively increased the cytotoxicity of NKG2D CAR-NK cells against lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the proliferation of NKG2D-IL-21 CAR-NK cells were enhanced while the apoptosis and exhaustion of these cells were suppressed. Mechanistically, IL-21-mediated NKG2D CAR-NK cells function by activating AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a novel option for treating lung cancer using NKG2D-IL-21 CAR-NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenyang 242 Hospital, 110034, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610072, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, 262500, Weifang, China
| | - Weipeng Xing
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., 100102, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., 100102, Beijing, China.
| | - Haijin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, 262500, Weifang, China.
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38
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Arabameri A, Arab S. Understanding the Interplay of CAR-NK Cells and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Insights from Computational Modeling. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:20. [PMID: 38240892 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered natural killer (NK) cells have recently emerged as a promising and safe alternative to CAR-T cells for targeting solid tumors. In the case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), traditional cancer treatments and common immunotherapies have shown limited effectiveness. However, CAR-NK cells have been successfully employed to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on TNBC cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. The effectiveness of CAR-NK-based immunotherapy is influenced by various factors, including the vaccination dose, vaccination pattern, and tumor immunosuppressive factors in the microenvironment. To gain insights into the dynamics and effects of CAR-NK-based immunotherapy, we propose a computational model based on experimental data and immunological theories. This model integrates an individual-based model that describes the interplay between the tumor and the immune system, along with an ordinary differential equation model that captures the variation of inflammatory cytokines. Computational results obtained from the proposed model shed light on the conditions necessary for initiating an effective anti-tumor response. Furthermore, global sensitivity analysis highlights the issue of low persistence of CAR-NK cells in vivo, which poses a significant challenge for the successful clinical application of these cells. Leveraging the model, we identify the optimal vaccination time, vaccination dose, and time interval between injections for maximizing therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Arabameri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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39
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Liao X, Li W, Zhou H, Rajendran BK, Li A, Ren J, Luan Y, Calderwood DA, Turk B, Tang W, Liu Y, Wu D. The CUL5 E3 ligase complex negatively regulates central signaling pathways in CD8 + T cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:603. [PMID: 38242867 PMCID: PMC10798966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Better understanding of their regulation could advance cancer immunotherapies. Here we identify, via stepwise CRISPR-based screening, that CUL5 is a negative regulator of the core signaling pathways of CD8+ T cells. Knocking out CUL5 in mouse CD8+ T cells significantly improves their tumor growth inhibiting ability, with significant proteomic alterations that broadly enhance TCR and cytokine signaling and their effector functions. Chemical inhibition of neddylation required by CUL5 activation, also enhances CD8 effector activities with CUL5 validated as a major target. Mechanistically, CUL5, which is upregulated by TCR stimulation, interacts with the SOCS-box-containing protein PCMTD2 and inhibits TCR and IL2 signaling. Additionally, CTLA4 is markedly upregulated by CUL5 knockout, and its inactivation further enhances the anti-tumor effect of CUL5 KO. These results together reveal a negative regulatory mechanism for CD8+ T cells and have strong translational implications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liao
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hongyue Zhou
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Barani Kumar Rajendran
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yi Luan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Research Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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40
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Savoldo B, Grover N, Dotti G. CAR T cells for hematological malignancies. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177160. [PMID: 38226627 PMCID: PMC10786683 DOI: 10.1172/jci177160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Natalie Grover
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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41
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Svec M, Dötsch S, Warmuth L, Trebo M, Fräßle S, Riddell SR, Jäger U, D’Ippolito E, Busch DH. A chimeric antigen receptor-based cellular safeguard mechanism for selective in vivo depletion of engineered T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1268698. [PMID: 38274808 PMCID: PMC10808742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells has exhibited impressive clinical efficacy in treating B-cell malignancies. However, the potency of CAR-T cells carriethe potential for significant on-target/off-tumor toxicities when target antigens are shared with healthy cells, necessitating the development of complementary safety measures. In this context, there is a need to selectively eliminate therapeutically administered CAR-T cells, especially to revert long-term CAR-T cell-related side effects. To address this, we have developed an effective cellular-based safety mechanism to specifically target and eliminate the transferred CAR-T cells. As proof-of-principle, we have designed a secondary CAR (anti-CAR CAR) capable of recognizing a short peptide sequence (Strep-tag II) incorporated into the hinge domain of an anti-CD19 CAR. In in vitro experiments, these anti-CAR CAR-T cells have demonstrated antigen-specific cytokine release and cytotoxicity when co-cultured with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells. Moreover, in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice, we observed the successful depletion of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells when administered concurrently with anti-CAR CAR-T cells. We have also demonstrated the efficacy of this safeguard mechanism in a clinically relevant animal model of B-cell aplasia induced by CD19 CAR treatment, where this side effect was reversed upon anti-CAR CAR-T cells infusion. Notably, efficient B-cell recovery occurred even in the absence of any pre-conditioning regimens prior anti-CAR CAR-T cells transfer, thus enhancing its practical applicability. In summary, we developed a robust cellular safeguard system for selective in vivo elimination of engineered T cells, offering a promising solution to address CAR-T cell-related on-target/off-tumor toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Svec
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Dötsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Warmuth
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Trebo
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Fräßle
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stanley R. Riddell
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvira D’Ippolito
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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42
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Majumder A. Evolving CAR-T-Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Scientific Discovery to Cures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:39. [PMID: 38201467 PMCID: PMC10777914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has emerged as the most promising immunotherapy for cancer that typically uses patients' T cells and genetically engineered them to target cancer cells. Although recent improvements in CAR-T-cell therapy have shown remarkable success for treating hematological malignancies, the heterogeneity in tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its efficacy in solid tumors. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made to make CAR-T-cell therapy more effective and have minimal side effects for treating hematological malignancies, more research needs to be conducted regarding its use in the clinic for treating various other types of cancer. The main concern for CAR-T-cell therapy is severe toxicities due to the cytokine release syndrome, whereas the other challenges are associated with complexity and immune-suppressing TME, tumor antigen heterogeneity, the difficulty of cell trafficking, CAR-T-cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxicity in the tumor site. This review discussed the latest discoveries in CAR-T-cell therapy strategies and combination therapies, as well as their effectiveness in different cancers. It also encompasses ongoing clinical trials; current challenges regarding the therapeutic use of CAR-T-cell therapy, especially for solid tumors; and evolving treatment strategies to improve the therapeutic application of CAR-T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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43
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Hasanzadeh A, Ebadati A, Dastanpour L, Aref AR, Sahandi Zangabad P, Kalbasi A, Dai X, Mehta G, Ghasemi A, Fatahi Y, Joshi S, Hamblin MR, Karimi M. Applications of Innovation Technologies for Personalized Cancer Medicine: Stem Cells and Gene-Editing Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1758-1779. [PMID: 38093832 PMCID: PMC10714436 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a new approach toward safer and even cheaper treatments with minimal side effects and toxicity. Planning a therapy based on individual properties causes an effective result in a patient's treatment, especially in a complex disease such as cancer. The benefits of personalized medicine include not only early diagnosis with high accuracy but also a more appropriate and effective therapeutic approach based on the unique clinical, genetic, and epigenetic features and biomarker profiles of a specific patient's disease. In order to achieve personalized cancer therapy, understanding cancer biology plays an important role. One of the crucial applications of personalized medicine that has gained consideration more recently due to its capability in developing disease therapy is related to the field of stem cells. We review various applications of pluripotent, somatic, and cancer stem cells in personalized medicine, including targeted cancer therapy, cancer modeling, diagnostics, and drug screening. CRISPR-Cas gene-editing technology is then discussed as a state-of-the-art biotechnological advance with substantial impacts on medical and therapeutic applications. As part of this section, the role of CRISPR-Cas genome editing in recent cancer studies is reviewed as a further example of personalized medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ebadati
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Lida Dastanpour
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Amir R. Aref
- Department
of Medical Oncology and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- School of
Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial
Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer
Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Precision
Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14166, Iran
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical
Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research
Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University
of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation
Biology Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Oncopathology
Research Center, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Research
Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Applied
Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14166, Iran
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44
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Pérez Del Río E, Román Alonso M, Rius I, Santos F, Castellote-Borrell M, Veciana J, Ratera I, Arribas J, Guasch J. Three-dimensional cell culture of chimeric antigen receptor T cells originated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells towards cellular therapies. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1293-1299. [PMID: 37737764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS With the objective of improving the ex vivo production of therapeutic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, we explored the addition of three-dimensional (3D) polystyrene scaffolds to standard suspension cell cultures. METHODS We aimed to mimic the structural support given by the lymph nodes during in vivo lymphocyte expansion. RESULTS We observed an increase in cell proliferation compared with standard suspension systems as well as an enhanced cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Moreover, we directly obtained the CAR T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, thus minimizing the ex vivo manipulation of the therapeutic cells and opening the way to synergies among different cell populations. CONCLUSIONS We propose the use of commercially available 3D polystyrene systems to improve the current immune cell cultures and resulting cell products for emerging cellular (immuno)therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pérez Del Río
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Román Alonso
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rius
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabião Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Castellote-Borrell
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Dynamic Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Judith Guasch
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Dynamic Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Kausar MA, Anwar S, El-Horany HES, Khan FH, Tyagi N, Najm MZ, Sadaf, Eisa AA, Dhara C, Gantayat S. Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:130. [PMID: 37830150 PMCID: PMC10622179 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the primary and one of the most prominent causes of the rising global mortality rate, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths annually. Specific methods have been devised to cure cancerous tumours. Effective therapeutic approaches must be developed, both at the cellular and genetic level. Immunotherapy offers promising results by providing sustained remission to patients with refractory malignancies. Genetically modified T‑lymphocytic cells have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumours, haematological malignancies, and relapsed/refractory B‑lymphocyte malignancies as a result of recent clinical trial findings; the treatment is referred to as chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell therapy (CAR T‑cell therapy). Leukapheresis is used to remove T‑lymphocytes from the leukocytes, and CARs are created through genetic engineering. Without the aid of a major histocompatibility complex, these genetically modified receptors lyse malignant tissues by interacting directly with the carcinogen. Additionally, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies reveal that CAR T‑cell therapy has proven to be a potential therapeutic contender against metastatic breast cancer (BCa), triple‑negative, and HER 2+ve BCa. Nevertheless, unique toxicities, including (cytokine release syndrome, on/off‑target tumour recognition, neurotoxicities, anaphylaxis, antigen escape in BCa, and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in solid tumours, negatively impact the mechanism of action of these receptors. In this review, the potential of CAR T‑cell immunotherapy and its method of destroying tumour cells is explored using data from preclinical and clinical trials, as well as providing an update on the approaches used to reduce toxicities, which may improve or broaden the effectiveness of the therapies used in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Farida Habib Khan
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Sadaf
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandrajeet Dhara
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram 122003, Haryana
| | - Saumyatika Gantayat
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna, Gurugram 122003, Haryana
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McClory SE, Maude SL. The Current State of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for B Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1041-1052. [PMID: 37500380 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, CAR T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-ALL in children and adults. CD19-directed CAR T cells can induce complete remissions in a large majority of patients with B-ALL, and up to half of these patients will go on to maintain durable remissions. However, significant challenges remain for patients who relapse or do not respond. This review will discuss the history of CAR T cell therapy for B-ALL, the treatment considerations for CAR T cell recipients, and current clinical trials and future directions for CAR T cell therapy in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E McClory
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon L Maude
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Smith EL. The Future of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1215-1219. [PMID: 37442674 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years CAR T cell therapies have been shown to be transformative for B- and plasma-cell malignancies, however the field is only beginning to realize the potential benefit to patients of such therapies. Over the next 10 years it is expected that advances will be made in durable response rates for patients with B/plasma cell malignancies; expansion to T-cell, myeloid, and solid malignancies; and in delivery and manufacturing to transform the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Smith
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Cummins K, Gill S. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1125-1147. [PMID: 37442676 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Up to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who undergo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have evidence of response, although trials are highly heterogeneous. These responses are rarely deep or durable. CD123, CD33, and CLL-1 have emerged as the most common targets for CAR T cells in AML. CAR T cells against myeloid antigens cause myeloablation as well as cytokine release syndrome, although neurotoxicity is rarely seen. Future efforts should focus on AML-specific antigen discovery or engineering, and on further enhancing the activity of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cummins
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Saar Gill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 8-101 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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49
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Pessach I, Nagler A. Leukapheresis for CAR-T cell production and therapy. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103828. [PMID: 37838564 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an effective, individualized immunotherapy, and novel treatment for hematologic malignancies. Six commercial CAR-T cell products are currently approved for lymphatic malignancies and multiple myeloma. In addition, an increasing number of clinical centres produce CAR-T cells on-site, which enable the administration of CAR-T cells on site. The CAR-T cell products are either fresh or cryopreserved. Manufacturing CAR-T cells is a complicated process that begins with leukapheresis to obtain T cells from the patient's peripheral blood. An optimal leukapheresis product is crucial step for a successful CAR-T cell therapy; therefore, it is imperative to understand the factors that may affect the quality or T cells. The leukapheresis for CAR-T cell production is well tolerated and safe for both paediatric and adult patients and CAR-Τ cell therapy presents high clinical response rate in many studies. CAR-T cell therapy is under continuous improvement, and it has transformed into an almost standard procedure in clinical haematology and stem cell transplantation facilities that provide both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantations. In patients suffering from advanced haematological malignancies, CAR-T cell therapy shows incredible antitumor efficacy. Even after a single infusion of autologous CD19-targeting CAR-T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), long lasting remission is observed, and a fraction of the patients are being cured. Future novel constructs are being developed with better T cell persistence and better expansion. New next-generation CAR-T cells are currently designed to avoid toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Pessach
- Hematology Department, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
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Giardino Torchia ML, Moody G. DIALing-up the preclinical characterization of gene-modified adoptive cellular immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264882. [PMID: 38090585 PMCID: PMC10713823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical characterization of gene modified adoptive cellular immunotherapy candidates for clinical development often requires the use of mouse models. Gene-modified lymphocytes (GML) incorporating chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and T-cell receptors (TCR) into immune effector cells require in vivo characterization of biological activity, mechanism of action, and preclinical safety. Typically, this characterization involves the assessment of dose-dependent, on-target, on-tumor activity in severely immunocompromised mice. While suitable for the purpose of evaluating T cell-expressed transgene function in a living host, this approach falls short in translating cellular therapy efficacy, safety, and persistence from preclinical models to humans. To comprehensively characterize cell therapy products in mice, we have developed a framework called "DIAL". This framework aims to enable an end-to-end understanding of genetically engineered cellular immunotherapies in vivo, from infusion to tumor clearance and long-term immunosurveillance. The acronym DIAL stands for Distribution, Infiltration, Accumulation, and Longevity, compartmentalizing the systemic attributes of gene-modified cellular therapy and providing a platform for optimization with the ultimate goal of improving therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss both existent and emerging examples of DIAL characterization in mouse models, as well as opportunities for future development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Moody
- Cell Therapy Unit, Oncology Research, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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