1
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Qiao Q, Hu S, Wang X. The regulatory roles and clinical significance of glycolysis in tumor. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 38851859 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the biological behaviors of tumor cells, among which glycolysis is an important form. Recent research has revealed that the heightened glycolysis levels, the abnormal expression of glycolytic enzymes, and the accumulation of glycolytic products could regulate the growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells and provide a favorable microenvironment for tumor development and progression. Based on the distinctive glycolytic characteristics of tumor cells, novel imaging tests have been developed to evaluate tumor proliferation and metastasis. In addition, glycolytic enzymes have been found to serve as promising biomarkers in tumor, which could provide assistance in the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of tumor patients. Numerous glycolytic enzymes have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for tumor treatment, and various small molecule inhibitors targeting glycolytic enzymes have been developed to inhibit tumor development and some of them are already applied in the clinic. In this review, we systematically summarized recent advances of the regulatory roles of glycolysis in tumor progression and highlighted the potential clinical significance of glycolytic enzymes and products as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Qiao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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2
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Larson PEZ, Bernard JML, Bankson JA, Bøgh N, Bok RA, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Gordon J, Hövener JB, Laustsen C, Mayer D, McLean MA, Schilling F, Slater J, Vanderheyden JL, von Morze C, Vigneron DB, Xu D. Current methods for hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate MRI human studies. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2204-2228. [PMID: 38441968 PMCID: PMC10997462 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
MRI with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C agents, also known as HP 13C MRI, can measure processes such as localized metabolism that is altered in numerous cancers, liver, heart, kidney diseases, and more. It has been translated into human studies during the past 10 years, with recent rapid growth in studies largely based on increasing availability of HP agent preparation methods suitable for use in humans. This paper aims to capture the current successful practices for HP MRI human studies with [1-13C]pyruvate-by far the most commonly used agent, which sits at a key metabolic junction in glycolysis. The paper is divided into four major topic areas: (1) HP 13C-pyruvate preparation; (2) MRI system setup and calibrations; (3) data acquisition and image reconstruction; and (4) data analysis and quantification. In each area, we identified the key components for a successful study, summarized both published studies and current practices, and discuss evidence gaps, strengths, and limitations. This paper is the output of the "HP 13C MRI Consensus Group" as well as the ISMRM Hyperpolarized Media MR and Hyperpolarized Methods and Equipment study groups. It further aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future consensus, building as the field continues to advance human studies with this metabolic imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder EZ Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering,
University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA
94143, USA
| | - Jenna ML Bernard
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Medical Center,
Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine,
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Charles H Cunningham
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North
Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14,
24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine,
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of
Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine,
Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich,
Germany
| | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering,
University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA
94143, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering,
University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA
94143, USA
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3
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Hoffmann E, Masthoff M, Kunz WG, Seidensticker M, Bobe S, Gerwing M, Berdel WE, Schliemann C, Faber C, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric MRI for characterization of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:428-448. [PMID: 38641651 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumour biology has evolved over the past decades and cancer is now viewed as a complex ecosystem with interactions between various cellular and non-cellular components within the tumour microenvironment (TME) at multiple scales. However, morphological imaging remains the mainstay of tumour staging and assessment of response to therapy, and the characterization of the TME with non-invasive imaging has not yet entered routine clinical practice. By combining multiple MRI sequences, each providing different but complementary information about the TME, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) enables non-invasive assessment of molecular and cellular features within the TME, including their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. With an increasing number of advanced MRI techniques bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, mpMRI could ultimately guide the selection of treatment approaches, precisely tailored to each individual patient, tumour and therapeutic modality. In this Review, we describe the evolving role of mpMRI in the non-invasive characterization of the TME, outline its applications for cancer detection, staging and assessment of response to therapy, and discuss considerations and challenges for its use in future medical applications, including personalized integrated diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoffmann
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Sviyazov SV, Burueva DB, Chukanov NV, Razumov IA, Chekmenev EY, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV. 15N Hyperpolarization of Metronidazole Antibiotic in Aqueous Media Using Phase-Separated Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5382-5389. [PMID: 38738984 PMCID: PMC11151165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Metronidazole is a prospective hyperpolarized MRI contrast agent with potential hypoxia sensing utility for applications in cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. We demonstrate a pilot procedure for production of ∼30 mM hyperpolarized [15N3]metronidazole in aqueous media by using a phase-separated SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization method, with nitrogen-15 polarization exceeding 2.2% on all three 15N sites achieved in less than 2 min. The 15N polarization T1 of ∼12 min is reported for the 15NO2 group at the clinically relevant field of 1.4 T in the aqueous phase, demonstrating a remarkably long lifetime of the hyperpolarized state. The produced aqueous solution of [15N3]metronidazole that contained only ∼100 μM of residual Ir was deemed biocompatible via validation through the MTT colorimetric test for assessing cell metabolic activity using human embryotic kidney HEK293T cells. This low-cost and ultrafast hyperpolarization procedure represents a major advance for the production of a biocompatible HP [15N3]metronidazole (and potentially other hyperpolarized drugs) formulation for MRI sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Sviyazov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dudari B. Burueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Razumov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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5
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Sahin S, Garnæs MF, Bennett A, Dwork N, Tang S, Liu X, Vaidya M, Wang ZJ, Larson PEZ. A pharmacokinetic model for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI when using metabolite-specific bSSFP sequences. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38775035 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolite-specific balanced SSFP (MS-bSSFP) sequences are increasingly used in hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate (HP 13C) MRI studies as they improve SNR by refocusing the magnetization each TR. Currently, pharmacokinetic models used to fit conversion rate constants, kPL and kPB, and rate constant maps do not account for differences in the signal evolution of MS-bSSFP acquisitions. METHODS In this work, a flexible MS-bSSFP model was built that can be used to fit conversion rate constants for these experiments. The model was validated in vivo using paired animal (healthy rat kidneys n = 8, transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate n = 3) and human renal cell carcinoma (n = 3) datasets. Gradient echo (GRE) acquisitions were used with a previous GRE model to compare to the results of the proposed GRE-bSSFP model. RESULTS Within simulations, the proposed GRE-bSSFP model fits the simulated data well, whereas a GRE model shows bias because of model mismatch. For the in vivo datasets, the estimated conversion rate constants using the proposed GRE-bSSFP model are consistent with a previous GRE model. Jointly fitting the lactate T2 with kPL resulted in less precise kPL estimates. CONCLUSION The proposed GRE-bSSFP model provides a method to estimate conversion rate constants, kPL and kPB, for MS-bSSFP HP 13C experiments. This model may also be modified and used for other applications, for example, estimating rate constants with other hyperpolarized reagents or multi-echo bSSFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Sahin
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Anna Bennett
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Biomedical Informatics and Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manushka Vaidya
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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6
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Frijia F, Flori A, Giovannetti G, Barison A, Menichetti L, Santarelli MF, Positano V. MRI Application and Challenges of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate in Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Studies: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1035. [PMID: 38786333 PMCID: PMC11120300 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease shows, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging is a technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo. In this review, we introduce the main hyperpolarization techniques. Then, we summarize the use of dedicated radiofrequency 13C coils, and report a state of the art of 13C data acquisition. Finally, this review provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies on cardiac metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart. We furthermore show what advances have been made to translate this technique into the clinic in the near future and what technical challenges still remain, such as exploring other metabolic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frijia
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Giulio Giovannetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Andrea Barison
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Maria Filomena Santarelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
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7
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Epasto LM, Maimbourg T, Rosso A, Kurzbach D. Unified understanding of the breakdown of thermal mixing dynamic nuclear polarization: The role of temperature and radical concentration. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 362:107670. [PMID: 38603922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We reveal an interplay between temperature and radical concentration necessary to establish thermal mixing (TM) as an efficient dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) mechanism. We conducted DNP experiments by hyperpolarizing widely used DNP samples, i.e., sodium pyruvate-1-13C in water/glycerol mixtures at varying nitroxide radical (TEMPOL) concentrations and microwave irradiation frequencies, measuring proton and carbon-13 spin temperatures. Using a cryogen consumption-free prototype-DNP apparatus, we could probe cryogenic temperatures between 1.5 and 6.5 K, i.e., below and above the boiling point of liquid helium. We identify two mechanisms for the breakdown of TM: (i) Anderson type of quantum localization for low radical concentration, or (ii) quantum Zeno localization occurring at high temperature. This observation allowed us to reconcile the recent diverging observations regarding the relevance of TM as a DNP mechanism by proposing a unifying picture and, consequently, to find a trade-off between radical concentration and electron relaxation times, which offers a pathway to improve experimental DNP performance based on TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica M Epasto
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thibaud Maimbourg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de physique théorique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alberto Rosso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Christensen NV, Holm R, Sanchez JD, Hansen ESS, Lerche MH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Laustsen C, Bertelsen LB. A continuous flow bioreactor system for high-throughput hyperpolarized metabolic flux analysis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5107. [PMID: 38279190 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 labeled compounds are increasingly being used in medical MR imaging (MRI) and MR imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) research, due to its ability to monitor tissue and cell metabolism in real-time. Although radiological biomarkers are increasingly being considered as clinical indicators, biopsies are still considered the gold standard for a large variety of indications. Bioreactor systems can play an important role in biopsy examinations because of their ability to provide a physiochemical environment that is conducive for therapeutic response monitoring ex vivo. We demonstrate here a proof-of-concept bioreactor and microcoil receive array setup that allows for ex vivo preservation and metabolic NMR spectroscopy on up to three biopsy samples simultaneously, creating an easy-to-use and robust way to simultaneously run multisample carbon-13 hyperpolarization experiments. Experiments using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate on ML-1 leukemic cells in the bioreactor setup were performed and the kinetic pyruvate-to-lactate rate constants ( k PL ) extracted. The coefficient of variation of the experimentally found k PL s for five repeated experiments was C V = 35 % . With this statistical power, treatment effects of 30%-40% change in lactate production could be easily differentiable with only a few hyperpolarization dissolutions on this setup. Furthermore, longitudinal experiments showed preservation of ML-1 cells in the bioreactor setup for at least 6 h. Rat brain tissue slices were also seen to be preserved within the bioreactor for at least 1 h. This validation serves as the basis for further optimization and upscaling of the setup, which undoubtedly has huge potential in high-throughput studies with various biomarkers and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Holm
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Esben S S Hansen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathilde H Lerche
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Lai YC, Hsieh CY, Juan YH, Lu KY, Lee HJ, Ng SH, Wan YL, Lin G. Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications. Korean J Radiol 2024; 25:459-472. [PMID: 38685736 PMCID: PMC11058429 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2024.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (13C) MRI represents an innovative approach for noninvasive, real-time assessment of dynamic metabolic flux, with potential integration into routine clinical MRI. The use of [1-13C]pyruvate as a probe and its conversion to [1-13C]lactate constitute an extensively explored metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively outlines the establishment of HP 13C-MRI, covering multidisciplinary team collaboration, hardware prerequisites, probe preparation, hyperpolarization techniques, imaging acquisition, and data analysis. This article discusses the clinical applications of HP 13C-MRI across various anatomical domains, including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, breast, liver, kidney, pancreas, and prostate. Each section highlights the specific applications and findings pertinent to these regions, emphasizing the potential versatility of HP 13C-MRI in diverse clinical contexts. This review serves as a comprehensive update, bridging technical aspects with clinical applications and offering insights into the ongoing advancements in HP 13C-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Juan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ju Lee
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Wan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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Barskiy DA. Molecules, Up Your Spins! Molecules 2024; 29:1821. [PMID: 38675641 PMCID: PMC11052189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are indispensable tools in science and medicine, offering insights into the functions of biological processes [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A. Barskiy
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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11
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Lin G, Hsieh CY, Lai YC, Wang CC, Lin Y, Lu KY, Chai WY, Chen AP, Yen TC, Ng SH, Lai CH. Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-pyruvate MRS evaluates immune potential and predicts response to radiotherapy in cervical cancer. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:46. [PMID: 38594558 PMCID: PMC11003947 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring pyruvate metabolism in the spleen is important for assessing immune activity and achieving successful radiotherapy for cervical cancer due to the significance of the abscopal effect. We aimed to explore the feasibility of utilizing hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate pyruvate metabolism in the human spleen, with the aim of identifying potential candidates for radiotherapy in cervical cancer. METHODS This prospective study recruited six female patients with cervical cancer (median age 55 years; range 39-60) evaluated using HP [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI/MRS at baseline and 2 weeks after radiotherapy. Proton (1H) diffusion-weighted MRI was performed in parallel to estimate splenic cellularity. The primary outcome was defined as tumor response to radiotherapy. The Student t-test was used for comparing 13C data between the groups. RESULTS The splenic HP [1-13C]-lactate-to-total carbon (tC) ratio was 5.6-fold lower in the responders than in the non-responders at baseline (p = 0.009). The splenic [1-13C]-lactate-to-tC ratio revealed a 1.7-fold increase (p = 0.415) and the splenic [1-13C]-alanine-to-tC ratio revealed a 1.8-fold increase after radiotherapy (p = 0.482). The blood leukocyte differential count revealed an increased proportion of neutrophils two weeks following treatment, indicating enhanced immune activity (p = 0.013). The splenic apparent diffusion coefficient values between the groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study revealed the feasibility of HP [1-13C]-pyruvate MRS of the spleen for evaluating baseline immune potential, which was associated with clinical outcomes of cervical cancer after radiotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04951921 , registered 7 July 2021. RELEVANCE STATEMENT This prospective study revealed the feasibility of using HP 13C MRI/MRS for assessing pyruvate metabolism of the spleen to evaluate the patients' immune potential that is associated with radiotherapeutic clinical outcomes in cervical cancer. KEY POINTS • Effective radiotherapy induces abscopal effect via altering immune metabolism. • Hyperpolarized 13C MRS evaluates patients' immune potential non-invasively. • Pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in the spleen is elevated following radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenpo Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Chai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St, Guishan, 33382, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Lindale JR, Smith LL, Mammen MW, Eriksson SL, Everhart LM, Warren WS. Multi-axis fields boost SABRE hyperpolarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400066121. [PMID: 38536754 PMCID: PMC10998558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400066121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The inherently low signal-to-noise ratio of NMR and MRI is now being addressed by hyperpolarization methods. For example, iridium-based catalysts that reversibly bind both parahydrogen and ligands in solution can hyperpolarize protons (SABRE) or heteronuclei (X-SABRE) on a wide variety of ligands, using a complex interplay of spin dynamics and chemical exchange processes, with common signal enhancements between 103 and 104. This does not approach obvious theoretical limits, and further enhancement would be valuable in many applications (such as imaging mM concentration species in vivo). Most SABRE/X-SABRE implementations require far lower fields (μT-mT) than standard magnetic resonance (>1T), and this gives an additional degree of freedom: the ability to fully modulate fields in three dimensions. However, this has been underexplored because the standard simplifying theoretical assumptions in magnetic resonance need to be revisited. Here, we take a different approach, an evolutionary strategy algorithm for numerical optimization, multi-axis computer-aided heteronuclear transfer enhancement for SABRE (MACHETE-SABRE). We find nonintuitive but highly efficient multiaxial pulse sequences which experimentally can produce a sevenfold improvement in polarization over continuous excitation. This approach optimizes polarization differently than traditional methods, thus gaining extra efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loren L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | | | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | | | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
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13
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Chaumeil MM, Bankson JA, Brindle KM, Epstein S, Gallagher FA, Grashei M, Guglielmetti C, Kaggie JD, Keshari KR, Knecht S, Laustsen C, Schmidt AB, Vigneron D, Yen YF, Schilling F. New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:222-232. [PMID: 38147265 PMCID: PMC10972948 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques significantly enhance the sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) and thus present fascinating new directions for research and applications with in vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S). Hyperpolarized 13C MRI/S, in particular, enables real-time non-invasive assessment of metabolic processes and holds great promise for a diverse range of clinical applications spanning fields like oncology, neurology, and cardiology, with a potential for improving early diagnosis of disease, patient stratification, and therapy response assessment. Despite its potential, technical challenges remain for achieving clinical translation. This paper provides an overview of the discussions that took place at the international workshop "New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI," in March 2023 at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany. The workshop covered new developments, as well as future directions, in topics including polarization techniques (particularly focusing on parahydrogen-based methods), novel probes, considerations related to data acquisition and analysis, and emerging clinical applications in oncology and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Daniel Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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von Witte G, Himmler A, Kozerke S, Ernst M. Relaxation enhancement by microwave irradiation may limit dynamic nuclear polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9578-9585. [PMID: 38462920 PMCID: PMC10954235 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization enables the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins beyond the thermal-equilibrium Boltzmann distribution. However, it is often unclear why the experimentally measured hyperpolarization is below the theoretically achievable maximum polarization. We report a (near-) resonant relaxation enhancement by microwave (MW) irradiation, leading to a significant increase in the nuclear polarization decay compared to measurements without MW irradiation. For example, the increased nuclear relaxation limits the achievable polarization levels to around 35% instead of hypothetical 60%, measured in the DNP material TEMPO in 1H glassy matrices at 3.3 K and 7 T. Applying rate-equation models to published build-up and decay data indicates that such relaxation enhancement is a common issue in many samples when using different radicals at low sample temperatures and high Boltzmann polarizations of the electrons. Accordingly, quantification and a better understanding of the relaxation processes under MW irradiation might help to design samples and processes towards achieving higher nuclear hyperpolarization levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevin von Witte
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aaron Himmler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Wang Z, Luo G, Li Y, Cao P. Using a deep learning prior for accelerating hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI on synthetic cancer datasets. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38440832 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to incorporate a deep learning prior with k-space data fidelity for accelerating hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRSI, demonstrated on synthetic cancer datasets. METHODS A two-site exchange model, derived from the Bloch equation of MR signal evolution, was firstly used in simulating training and testing data, that is, synthetic phantom datasets. Five singular maps generated from each simulated dataset were used to train a deep learning prior, which was then employed with the fidelity term to reconstruct the undersampled MRI k-space data. The proposed method was assessed on synthetic human brain tumor images (N = 33), prostate cancer images (N = 72), and mouse tumor images (N = 58) for three undersampling factors and 2.5% additive Gaussian noise. Furthermore, varied levels of Gaussian noise with SDs of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% were added on synthetic prostate cancer data, and corresponding reconstruction results were evaluated. RESULTS For quantitative evaluation, peak SNRs were approximately 32 dB, and the accuracy was generally improved for 5 to 8 dB compared with those from compressed sensing with L1-norm regularization or total variation regularization. Reasonable normalized RMS error were obtained. Our method also worked robustly against noise, even on a data with noise SD of 10%. CONCLUSION The proposed singular value decomposition + iterative deep learning model could be considered as a general framework that extended the application of deep learning MRI reconstruction to metabolic imaging. The morphology of tumors and metabolic images could be measured robustly in six times acceleration using our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxiong Luo
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ye Li
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen HY, Gordon JW, Dwork N, Chung BT, Riselli A, Sivalokanathan S, Bok RA, Slater JB, Vigneron DB, Abraham MR, Larson PEZ. Probing human heart TCA cycle metabolism and response to glucose load using hyperpolarized [2- 13 C]pyruvate MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5074. [PMID: 38054254 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The healthy heart has remarkable metabolic flexibility that permits rapid switching between mitochondrial glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation to generate ATP. Loss of metabolic flexibility has been implicated in the genesis of contractile dysfunction seen in cardiomyopathy. Metabolic flexibility has been imaged in experimental models, using hyperpolarized (HP) [2-13 C]pyruvate MRI, which enables interrogation of metabolites that reflect tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux in cardiac myocytes. This study aimed to develop methods, demonstrate feasibility for [2-13 C]pyruvate MRI in the human heart for the first time, and assess cardiac metabolic flexibility. METHODS Good manufacturing practice [2-13 C]pyruvic acid was polarized in a 5 T polarizer for 2.5-3 h. Following dissolution, quality control parameters of HP pyruvate met all safety and sterility criteria for pharmacy release, prior to administration to study subjects. Three healthy subjects each received two HP injections and MR scans, first under fasting conditions, followed by oral glucose load. A 5 cm axial slab-selective spectroscopy approach was prescribed over the left ventricle and acquired at 3 s intervals on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner. RESULTS The study protocol, which included HP substrate injection, MR scanning, and oral glucose load, was performed safely without adverse events. Key downstream metabolites of [2-13 C]pyruvate metabolism in cardiac myocytes include the glycolytic derivative [2-13 C]lactate, TCA-associated metabolite [5-13 C]glutamate, and [1-13 C]acetylcarnitine, catalyzed by carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT). After glucose load, 13 C-labeling of lactate, glutamate, and acetylcarnitine from 13 C-pyruvate increased by an average of 39.3%, 29.5%, and 114% respectively in the three subjects, which could result from increases in lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and CAT enzyme activity as well as TCA cycle flux (glucose oxidation). CONCLUSIONS HP [2-13 C]pyruvate imaging is safe and permits noninvasive assessment of TCA cycle intermediates and the acetyl buffer, acetylcarnitine, which is not possible using HP [1-13 C]pyruvate. Cardiac metabolite measurement in the fasting/fed states provides information on cardiac metabolic flexibility and the acetylcarnitine pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian T Chung
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Riselli
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Liu X, Cui D, Xu D, Bok R, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW. Dynamic T 2 * relaxometry of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate MRI in the human brain and kidneys. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1030-1042. [PMID: 38013217 PMCID: PMC10872504 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to quantifyT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ for hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and metabolites in the healthy human brain and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients at 3 T. METHODS DynamicT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ values were measured with a metabolite-specific multi-echo spiral sequence. The dynamicT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]lactate, and 13 C-bicarbonate was estimated in regions of interest in the whole brain, sinus vein, gray matter, and white matter in healthy volunteers, as well as in kidney tumors and the contralateral healthy kidneys in a separate group of RCC patients.T 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ was fit using a mono-exponential function; and metabolism was quantified using pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate maps and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio maps, which were compared with and without an estimatedT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ correction. RESULTS TheT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of pyruvate was shown to vary during the acquisition, whereas theT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of lactate and bicarbonate were relatively constant through time and across the organs studied. TheT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of lactate was similar in gray matter (29.75 ± 1.04 ms), white matter (32.89 ± 0.9 ms), healthy kidney (34.61 ± 4.07 ms), and kidney tumor (33.01 ± 2.31 ms); and theT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of bicarbonate was different between whole-brain (108.17 ± 14.05 ms) and healthy kidney (58.45 ± 6.63 ms). TheT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of pyruvate had similar trends in both brain and RCC studies, reducing from 75.56 ± 2.23 ms to 22.24 ± 1.24 ms in the brain and reducing from 122.72 ± 9.86 ms to 57.38 ± 7.65 ms in the kidneys. CONCLUSION Multi-echo dynamic imaging can quantifyT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ and metabolism in a single integrated acquisition. Clear differences were observed in theT 2 * $$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$ of metabolites and in their behavior throughout the timecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Di Cui
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Nantogma S, de Maissin H, Adelabu I, Abdurraheem A, Nelson C, Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV, Lehmkuhl S, Schmidt AB, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation of the Hyperpolarized Ketone and Hemiketal Forms of Allyl [1- 13C]Pyruvate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:770-780. [PMID: 38198709 PMCID: PMC10922715 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
13C hyperpolarized pyruvate is an emerging MRI contrast agent for sensing molecular events in cancer and other diseases with aberrant metabolic pathways. This metabolic contrast agent can be produced via several hyperpolarization techniques. Despite remarkable success in research settings, widespread clinical adoption faces substantial roadblocks because the current sensing technology utilized to sense this contrast agent requires the excitation of 13C nuclear spins that also need to be synchronized with MRI field gradient pulses. Here, we demonstrate sensing of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate via the stimulated emission of radiation that mitigates the requirements currently blocking broader adoption. Specifically, 13C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (13C RASER) was obtained after pairwise addition of parahydrogen to a pyruvate precursor, detected in a commercial inductive detector with a quality factor (Q) of 32 for sample concentrations as low as 0.125 M with 13C polarization of 4%. Moreover, parahydrogen-induced polarization allowed for the preparation of a mixture of ketone and hemiketal forms of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate, which are separated by 10 ppm in 13C NMR spectra. This is a good model system to study the simultaneous 13C RASER signals of multiple 13C species. This system models the metabolic production of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, which has a similar chemical shift difference. Our results show that 13C RASER signals can be obtained from both species simultaneously when the emission threshold is exceeded for both species. On the other hand, when the emission threshold is exceeded only for one of the hyperpolarized species, 13C stimulated emission is confined to this species only, therefore enabling the background-free detection of individual hyperpolarized 13C signals. The reported results pave the way to novel sensing approaches of 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate, potentially unlocking hyperpolarized 13C MRI on virtually any MRI system─an attractive vision for the future molecular imaging and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Kempf N, Körber R, Plaumann M, Pravdivtsev AN, Engelmann J, Boldt J, Scheffler K, Theis T, Buckenmaier K. 13C MRI of hyperpolarized pyruvate at 120 µT. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4468. [PMID: 38396023 PMCID: PMC10891046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance dramatically, enabling many new applications, including real-time metabolic imaging. Parahydrogen-based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was employed to hyperpolarize [1-13C]pyruvate and demonstrate 13C imaging in situ at 120 µT, about twice Earth's magnetic field, with two different signal amplification by reversible exchange variants: SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH), where hyperpolarization is transferred from parahydrogen to [1-13C]pyruvate at a magnetic field below 1 µT, and low-irradiation generates high tesla (LIGHT-SABRE), where hyperpolarization was prepared at 120 µT, avoiding magnetic field cycling. The 3-dimensional images of a phantom were obtained using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) based magnetic field detector with submillimeter resolution. These 13C images demonstrate the feasibility of low-field 13C metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 50 mM [1-13C]pyruvate hyperpolarized by parahydrogen in reversible exchange imaged at about twice Earth's magnetic field. Using thermal 13C polarization available at 120 µT, the same experiment would have taken about 300 billion years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kempf
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Körber
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Boldt
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Departement of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Departement of Chemistry and Physics, NC State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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20
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Assaf CD, Gui X, Auer AA, Duckett SB, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. J Coupling Constants of <1 Hz Enable 13C Hyperpolarization of Pyruvate via Reversible Exchange of Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1195-1203. [PMID: 38271215 PMCID: PMC10860132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Observing pyruvate metabolism in vivo has become a focal point of molecular magnetic resonance imaging. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has recently emerged as a versatile hyperpolarization technique. Tuning of the spin order transfer (SOT) in SABRE is challenging as the small 1H-13C J couplings, in the 13C-pyruvate case, result in SOT being not readily discernible. We demonstrate an experimental method using frequency-selective excitation of parahydrogen-derived polarization SOT sequence (SEPP-SPINEPT); its application led to up to 5700-fold 13C signal gain. In this way, we estimated the lifetime of two Ir-pyruvate SABRE complexes alongside the individual probing of eight small 1H-13C J couplings that connect the hydride protons in these complexes to 1- and 2-13C pyruvate spins, affording values between 0 and 2.69 Hz. Using electronic structure calculations, we define the low-energy structure of the corresponding complexes. Hence, this study demonstrates a novel approach to analyzing the spin topology of short-lived organometallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel D Assaf
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Xin Gui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander A Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington YO10 5NY, U.K
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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21
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Římal V, Bunyatova EI, Štěpánková H. Efficient Scavenging of TEMPOL Radical by Ascorbic Acid in Solution and Related Prolongation of 13C and 1H Nuclear Spin Relaxation Times of the Solute. Molecules 2024; 29:738. [PMID: 38338481 PMCID: PMC10856727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging uses free radicals to strongly enhance the NMR signal of a compound under investigation. At the same time, the radicals shorten significantly its nuclear spin relaxation times which reduces the time window available for the experiments. Radical scavenging can overcome this drawback. Our work presents a detailed study of the reduction of the TEMPOL radical by ascorbic acid in solution by high-resolution NMR. Carbon-13 and hydrogen-1 nuclear spin relaxations are confirmed to be restored to their values without TEMPOL. Reaction mechanism, kinetics, and the influence of pD and viscosity are thoroughly discussed. The detailed investigation conducted in this work should help with choosing suitable concentrations in the samples for dynamic nuclear polarization and optimizing the measurement protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Římal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Helena Štěpánková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
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22
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Daley J, Siciliano J, Ferraro V, Sutter E, Lounsbery A, Whiting N. Temperature lowering of liquid nitrogen via injection of helium gas bubbles improves the generation of parahydrogen-enriched gas. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:94-100. [PMID: 38173282 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The para spin isomer of hydrogen gas possesses high nuclear spin order that can enhance the NMR signals of a variety of molecular species. Hydrogen is routinely enriched in the para spin state by lowering the gas temperature while flowing through a catalyst. Although parahydrogen enrichments approaching 100% are achievable near the H2 liquefaction temperature of 20 K, many experimentalists operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) due to the lower associated costs and overall simplicity of the parahydrogen generator. Parahydrogen that is generated at 77 K provides an enrichment value of ~51% of the para spin isomer; while useful, there are many applications that can benefit from low-cost access to higher parahydrogen enrichments. Here, we introduce a method of improving parahydrogen enrichment values using a liquid nitrogen-cooled generator that operates at temperatures less than 77 K. The boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen is lowered through internal evaporation into helium gas bubbles that are injected into the liquid. Changes to liquid nitrogen temperatures and parahydrogen enrichment values were monitored as a function of helium gas flow rate. The injected helium bubbles lowered the liquid nitrogen temperature to ~65.5 K, and parahydrogen enrichments of up to ~59% were achieved; this represents an ~16% improvement compared with the expected parahydrogen fraction at 77 K. This technique is simple to implement in standard liquid nitrogen-cooled parahydrogen generators and may be of interest to a wide range of scientists that require a cost-effective approach to improving parahydrogen enrichment values.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Siciliano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent Ferraro
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elodie Sutter
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adam Lounsbery
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Farah C, Mignion L, Jordan BF. Metabolic Profiling to Assess Response to Targeted and Immune Therapy in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1725. [PMID: 38339003 PMCID: PMC10855758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently no consensus to determine which advanced melanoma patients will benefit from targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of both, highlighting the critical need to identify early-response biomarkers to advanced melanoma therapy. The goal of this review is to provide scientific rationale to highlight the potential role of metabolic imaging to assess response to targeted and/or immune therapy in melanoma cancer. For that purpose, a brief overview of current melanoma treatments is provided. Then, current knowledge with respect to melanoma metabolism is described with an emphasis on major crosstalks between melanoma cell metabolism and signaling pathways involved in BRAF-targeted therapy as well as in immune checkpoint inhibition therapies. Finally, preclinical and clinical studies using metabolic imaging and/or profiling to assess response to melanoma treatment are summarized with a particular focus on PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging and 13C-MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantale Farah
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
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24
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Adamson PM, Datta K, Watkins R, Recht LD, Hurd RE, Spielman DM. Deuterium metabolic imaging for 3D mapping of glucose metabolism in humans with central nervous system lesions at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:39-50. [PMID: 37796151 PMCID: PMC10841984 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of 3T deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) using a birdcage 2 H radiofrequency (RF) coil in both healthy volunteers and patients with central nervous system (CNS) lesions. METHODS A modified gradient filter, home-built 2 H volume RF coil, and spherical k-space sampling were employed in a three-dimensional chemical shift imaging acquisition to obtain high-quality whole-brain metabolic images of 2 H-labeled water and glucose metabolic products. These images were acquired in a healthy volunteer and three subjects with CNS lesions of varying pathologies. Hardware and pulse sequence experiments were also conducted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of DMI at 3T. RESULTS The ability to quantify local glucose metabolism in correspondence to anatomical landmarks across patients with varying CNS lesions is demonstrated, and increased lactate is observed in one patient with the most active disease. CONCLUSION DMI offers the potential to examine metabolic activity in human subjects with CNS lesions with DMI at 3T, promising for the potential of the future clinical translation of this metabolic imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Adamson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California USA
| | - Keshav Datta
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ron Watkins
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lawrence D. Recht
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ralph E. Hurd
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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25
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Wodtke P, Grashei M, Schilling F. Quo Vadis Hyperpolarized 13C MRI? Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00120-4. [PMID: 38160135 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, hyperpolarized 13C MRI has gained significance in both preclinical and clinical studies, hereby relying on technologies like PHIP-SAH (ParaHydrogen-Induced Polarization-Side Arm Hydrogenation), SABRE (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange), and dDNP (dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization), with dDNP being applied in humans. A clinical dDNP polarizer has enabled studies across 24 sites, despite challenges like high cost and slow polarization. Parahydrogen-based techniques like SABRE and PHIP offer faster, more cost-efficient alternatives but require molecule-specific optimization. The focus has been on imaging metabolism of hyperpolarized probes, which requires long T1, high polarization and rapid contrast generation. Efforts to establish novel probes, improve acquisition techniques and enhance data analysis methods including artificial intelligence are ongoing. Potential clinical value of hyperpolarized 13C MRI was demonstrated primarily for treatment response assessment in oncology, but also in cardiology, nephrology, hepatology and CNS characterization. In this review on biomedical hyperpolarized 13C MRI, we summarize important and recent advances in polarization techniques, probe development, acquisition and analysis methods as well as clinical trials. Starting from those we try to sketch a trajectory where the field of biomedical hyperpolarized 13C MRI might go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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26
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Stern Q, Reynard-Feytis Q, Elliott SJ, Ceillier M, Cala O, Ivanov K, Jannin S. Rapid and Simple 13C-Hyperpolarization by 1H Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Followed by an Inline Magnetic Field Inversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27576-27586. [PMID: 38054954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) is a method of choice for preparing hyperpolarized 13C metabolites such as 1-13C-pyruvate used for in vivo applications, including the real-time monitoring of cancer cell metabolism in human patients. The approach consists of transferring the high polarization of electron spins to nuclear spins via microwave irradiation at low temperatures (1.0-1.5 K) and moderate magnetic fields (3.3-7 T). The solid sample is then dissolved and transferred to an NMR spectrometer or MRI scanner for detection in the liquid state. Common dDNP protocols use direct hyperpolarization of 13C spins reaching polarizations of >50% in ∼1-2 h. Alternatively, 1H spins are polarized before transferring their polarization to 13C spins using cross-polarization, reaching polarization levels similar to those of direct DNP in only ∼20 min. However, it relies on more complex instrumentation, requiring highly skilled personnel. Here, we explore an alternative route using 1H dDNP followed by inline adiabatic magnetic field inversion in the liquid state during the transfer. 1H polarizations of >70% in the solid state are obtained in ∼5-10 min. As the hyperpolarized sample travels from the dDNP polarizer to the NMR spectrometer, it goes through a field inversion chamber, which causes the 1H → 13C polarization transfer. This transfer is made possible by the J-coupling between the heteronuclei, which mixes the Zeeman states at zero-field and causes an antilevel crossing. We report liquid-state 13C polarization up to ∼17% for 3-13C-pyruvate and 13C-formate. The instrumentation needed to perform this experiment in addition to a conventional dDNP polarizer is simple and readily assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Stern
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Quentin Reynard-Feytis
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Stuart J Elliott
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Konstantin Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sami Jannin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
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27
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Larson PEZ, Tang S, Liu X, Sinha A, Dwork N, Sivalokanathan S, Liu J, Bok R, Ordovas KG, Slater J, Gordon JW, Abraham MR. Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-pyruvate CMR evaluated in an oral glucose challenge. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:77. [PMID: 38093285 PMCID: PMC10720165 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart has metabolic flexibility, which is influenced by fed/fasting states, and pathologies such as myocardial ischemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-pyruvate MRI is a promising new tool for non-invasive quantification of myocardial glycolytic and Krebs cycle flux. However, human studies of HP 13C-MRI have yet to demonstrate regional quantification of metabolism, which is important in regional ischemia and HCM patients with asymmetric septal/apical hypertrophy. METHODS We developed and applied methods for whole-heart imaging of 13C-pyruvate, 13C-lactate and 13C-bicarbonate, following intravenous administration of [1-13C]-pyruvate. The image acquisition used an autonomous scanning method including bolus tracking, real-time magnetic field calibrations and metabolite-specific imaging. For quantification of metabolism, we evaluated 13C metabolite images, ratio metrics, and pharmacokinetic modeling to provide measurements of myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) mediated metabolic conversion in 5 healthy volunteers (fasting & 30 min following oral glucose load). RESULTS We demonstrate whole heart coverage for dynamic measurement of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion via LDH and pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion via PDH at a resolution of 6 × 6 × 21 mm3 (13C-pyruvate) and 12 × 12 × 21 mm3 (13C-lactate, 13C-bicarbonate). 13C-pyruvate and 13C-lactate were detected simultaneously in the RV blood pool, immediately after intravenous injection, reflecting LDH activity in blood. In healthy volunteers, myocardial 13C-pyruvate-SNR, 13C-lactate-SNR, 13C-bicarbonate-SNR, 13C-lactate/pyruvate ratio, 13C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL, and 13C-pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate, kPB, all had statistically significant increases following oral glucose challenge. kPB, reflecting PDH activity and pyruvate entering the Krebs Cycle, had the highest correlation with blood glucose levels and was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate first-in-human regional quantifications of cardiac metabolism by HP 13C-pyruvate MRI that aims to reflect LDH and PDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vista.ai, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Avantika Sinha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Sivalokanathan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Karen G Ordovas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Eills J, Picazo-Frutos R, Bondar O, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Barker SJ, Utz M, Herrero-Gómez A, Marco-Rius I, Tayler MCD, Aime S, Reineri F, Budker D, Blanchard JW. Enzymatic Reactions Observed with Zero- and Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17997-18005. [PMID: 38047582 PMCID: PMC10720634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be observed in zero- and low-field NMR experiments by combining recent advances in parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization methods with state-of-the-art magnetometry. Specifically, we investigated two model biological processes: the conversion of fumarate into malate, which is used in vivo as a marker of cell necrosis, and the conversion of pyruvate into lactate, which is the most widely studied metabolic process in hyperpolarization-enhanced imaging. In addition to this, we constructed a microfluidic zero-field NMR setup to perform experiments on microliter-scale samples of [1-13C]fumarate in a lab-on-a-chip device. Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR has two key advantages over high-field NMR: the signals can pass through conductive materials (e.g., metals), and line broadening from sample heterogeneity is negligible. To date, the use of ZULF NMR for process monitoring has been limited to studying hydrogenation reactions. In this work, we demonstrate this emerging analytical technique for more general reaction monitoring and compare zero- vs low-field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Román Picazo-Frutos
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Oksana Bondar
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute
of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Sylwia J. Barker
- School of
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of
Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Alba Herrero-Gómez
- Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Michael C. D. Tayler
- The
Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, ICFO—Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Molecular
Imaging, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Dmitry Budker
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of California at
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W. Blanchard
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Quantum
Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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29
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Robb FJL, Chen A. Editorial for "Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic MRI of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma". J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 38050847 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J L Robb
- Global Magnetic Resonance, GE HealthCare, Inc., Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Albert Chen
- Global Magnetic Resonance, GE HealthCare, Inc., Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA
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30
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Sushentsev N, Hamm G, Richings J, McLean MA, Menih IH, Ayyappan V, Mills IG, Warren AY, Gnanapragasam VJ, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Gallagher FA, Barrett T. Imaging tumor lactate is feasible for identifying intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients with postsurgical biochemical recurrence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312261120. [PMID: 38011568 PMCID: PMC10710070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312261120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While radical prostatectomy remains the mainstay of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, 20 to 40% of patients develop postsurgical biochemical recurrence (BCR). A particularly challenging clinical cohort includes patients with intermediate-risk disease whose risk stratification would benefit from advanced approaches that complement standard-of-care diagnostic tools. Here, we show that imaging tumor lactate using hyperpolarized 13C MRI and spatial metabolomics identifies BCR-positive patients in two prospective intermediate-risk surgical cohorts. Supported by spatially resolved tissue analysis of established glycolytic biomarkers, this study provides the rationale for multicenter trials of tumor metabolic imaging as an auxiliary tool to support PCa treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sushentsev
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CambridgeCB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Richings
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CambridgeCB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A. McLean
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Horvat Menih
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Genito-Urinary and Prostate Focus Group, Queen’s University Belfast, BelfastBT9 7AE, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OxfordOX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Anne Y. Warren
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent J. Gnanapragasam
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CambridgeCB20AA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, CambridgeCB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Barrett
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQCambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Bartman CR, Faubert B, Rabinowitz JD, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic pathway analysis using stable isotopes in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:863-878. [PMID: 37907620 PMCID: PMC11161207 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is central to malignant transformation and cancer cell growth. How tumours use nutrients and the relative rates of reprogrammed pathways are areas of intense investigation. Tumour metabolism is determined by a complex and incompletely defined combination of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to cancer cells. This complexity increases the value of assessing cancer metabolism in disease-relevant microenvironments, including in patients with cancer. Stable-isotope tracing is an informative, versatile method for probing tumour metabolism in vivo. It has been used extensively in preclinical models of cancer and, with increasing frequency, in patients with cancer. In this Review, we describe approaches for using in vivo isotope tracing to define fuel preferences and pathway engagement in tumours, along with some of the principles that have emerged from this work. Stable-isotope infusions reported so far have revealed that in humans, tumours use a diverse set of nutrients to supply central metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid synthesis. Emerging data suggest that some activities detected by stable-isotope tracing correlate with poor clinical outcomes and may drive cancer progression. We also discuss current challenges in isotope tracing, including comparisons of in vivo and in vitro models, and opportunities for future discovery in tumour metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Bartman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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32
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, Bedoya DOG, McBride SJ, Abdulmojeed MB, Dedesma C, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Yen YF, TomHon P, Theis T. Facile hyperpolarization chemistry for molecular imaging and metabolic tracking of [1- 13C]pyruvate in vivo. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2023; 16-17:100129. [PMID: 38090022 PMCID: PMC10715622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization chemistry based on reversible exchange of parahydrogen, also known as Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), is a particularly simple approach to attain high levels of nuclear spin hyperpolarization, which can enhance NMR and MRI signals by many orders of magnitude. SABRE has received significant attention in the scientific community since its inception because of its relative experimental simplicity and its broad applicability to a wide range of molecules, however in vivo detection of molecular probes hyperpolarized by SABRE has remained elusive. Here we describe a first demonstration of SABRE-hyperpolarized contrast detected in vivo, specifically using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Biocompatible formulations of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in, both, methanol-water mixtures, and ethanol-water mixtures followed by dilution with saline and catalyst filtration were prepared and injected into healthy Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats. Effective hyperpolarization-catalyst removal was performed with silica filters without major losses in hyperpolarization. Metabolic conversion of pyruvate to lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate was detected in vivo. Pyruvate-hydrate was also observed as minor byproduct. Measurements were performed on the liver and kidney at 4.7 T via time-resolved spectroscopy and chemical-shift-resolved MRI. In addition, whole-body metabolic measurements were obtained using a cryogen-free 1.5 T MRI system, illustrating the utility of combining lower-cost MRI systems with simple, low-cost hyperpolarization chemistry to develop safe, and scalable molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - David O. Guarin Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. McBride
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | | | - Carlos Dedesma
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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33
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Christensen NV, Vaeggemose M, Bøgh N, Hansen ESS, Olesen JL, Kim Y, Vigneron DB, Gordon JW, Jespersen SN, Laustsen C. A user independent denoising method for x-nuclei MRI and MRS. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2539-2556. [PMID: 37526128 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE X-nuclei (also called non-proton MRI) MRI and spectroscopy are limited by the intrinsic low SNR as compared to conventional proton imaging. Clinical translation of x-nuclei examination warrants the need of a robust and versatile tool improving image quality for diagnostic use. In this work, we compare a novel denoising method with fewer inputs to the current state-of-the-art denoising method. METHODS Denoising approaches were compared on human acquisitions of sodium (23 Na) brain, deuterium (2 H) brain, carbon (13 C) heart and brain, and simulated dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C brain scans, with and without additional noise. The current state-of-the-art denoising method Global-local higher order singular value decomposition (GL-HOSVD) was compared to the few-input method tensor Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (tMPPCA). Noise-removal was quantified by residual distributions, and statistical analyses evaluated the differences in mean-square-error and Bland-Altman analysis to quantify agreement between original and denoised results of noise-added data. RESULTS GL-HOSVD and tMPPCA showed similar performance for the variety of x-nuclei data analyzed in this work, with tMPPCA removing ˜5% more noise on average over GL-HOSVD. The mean ratio between noise-added and denoising reproducibility coefficients of the Bland-Altman analysis when compared to the original are also similar for the two methods with 3.09 ± 1.03 and 2.83 ± 0.79 for GL-HOSVD and tMPPCA, respectively. CONCLUSION The strength of tMPPCA lies in the few-input approach, which generalizes well to different data sources. This makes the use of tMPPCA denoising a robust and versatile tool in x-nuclei imaging improvements and the preferred denoising method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Vaeggemose
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- GE Healthcare, Brøndby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- A&E, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Esben S S Hansen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas L Olesen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sune N Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Mandzhieva I, Adelabu I, Nantogma S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Delivering Robust Proton-Only Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1,2- 13C 2]-Pyruvate Using Broad-Spectral-Range Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Pulse Sequences. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4101-4110. [PMID: 37948125 PMCID: PMC10883757 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is the leading hyperpolarized injectable contrast agent and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials for molecular imaging of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. One aspect limiting broad scalability of the technique is that hyperpolarized 13C MRI requires specialized 13C hardware and software that are not generally available on clinical MRI scanners, which employ proton-only detection. Here, we present an approach that uses pulse sequences to transfer 13C hyperpolarization to methyl protons for detection of the 13C-13C pyruvate singlet, employing proton-only excitation and detection only. The new pulse sequences are robust to the B1 and B0 magnetic field inhomogeneities. The work focuses on singlet-to-magnetization (S2M) and rotor-synchronized (R) pulses, both relying on trains of hard pulses with broad spectral width coverage designed to effectively transform hyperpolarized 13C2-singlet hyperpolarization to 1H polarization on the CH3 group of [1,2-13C2]pyruvate. This approach may enable a broader adoption of hyperpolarized MRI as a molecular imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Mandzhieva
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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35
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Mu C, Liu X, Kim Y, Riselli A, Korenchan DE, Bok RA, Delos Santos R, Sriram R, Qin H, Nguyen H, Gordon JW, Slater J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. Clinically Translatable Hyperpolarized 13C Bicarbonate pH Imaging Method for Use in Prostate Cancer. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4042-4054. [PMID: 37878761 PMCID: PMC10683509 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors such as prostate cancer (PCa) commonly develop an acidic microenvironment with pH 6.5-7.2, owing to heterogeneous perfusion, high metabolic activity, and rapid cell proliferation. In preclinical prostate cancer models, disease progression is associated with a decrease in tumor extracellular pH, suggesting that pH imaging may reflect an imaging biomarker to detect aggressive and high-risk disease. Therefore, we developed a hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI method to image the tumor extracellular pH (pHe) and prepared it for clinical translation for detection and risk stratification of PCa. This method relies on the rapid breakdown of hyperpolarized (HP) 1,2-glycerol carbonate (carbonyl-13C) via base-catalyzed hydrolysis to produce HP 13CO32-, which is neutralized and converted to HP H13CO3-. After injection, HP H13CO3- equilibrates with HP 13CO2 in vivo and enables the imaging of pHe. Using insights gleaned from mechanistic studies performed in the hyperpolarized state, we solved issues of polarization loss during preparation in a clinical polarizer system. We successfully customized a reaction apparatus suitable for clinical application, developed clinical standard operating procedures, and validated the radiofrequency pulse sequence and imaging data acquisition with a wide range of animal models. The results demonstrated that we can routinely produce a highly polarized and safe HP H13CO3- contrast agent suitable for human injection. Preclinical imaging studies validated the reliability and accuracy of measuring acidification in healthy kidney and prostate tumor tissue. These methods were used to support an Investigational New Drug application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This methodology is now ready to be implemented in human trials, with the ultimate goal of improving the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Mu
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Andrew Riselli
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Hao Nguyen
- Department
of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - James Slater
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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36
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Chowdhury R, Moorthy M, Smith L, Mueller CA, Gong F, Rogers HJ, Papoutsaki MV, Syer T, Brembilla G, Singh S, Retter A, Parry T, Clemente J, Caselton L, Jeraj H, Bullock M, Mathew M, Chung TT, Akker S, Chapple P, Salsbury GA, Bainbridge A, Atkinson D, Gadian DG, Srirangalingam U, Punwani S. First-in-human in-vivo depiction of paraganglioma metabolism by hyperpolarised 13C-magnetic resonance. BJR Case Rep 2023; 9:20220089. [PMID: 37928705 PMCID: PMC10621573 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL), cumulatively referred to as PPGLs, are neuroendocrine tumours arising from neural crest-derived cells in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Predicting future tumour behaviour and the likelihood of metastatic disease remains problematic as genotype-phenotype correlations are limited, the disease has variable penetrance and, to date, no reliable molecular, cellular or histological markers have emerged. Tumour metabolism quantification can be considered as a method to delineating tumour aggressiveness by utilising hyperpolarised 13 C-MR (HP-MR). The technique may provide an opportunity to non-invasively characterise disease behaviour. Here, we present the first instance of the analysis of PPGL metabolism via HP-MR in a single case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Chowdhury
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Myuri Moorthy
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lorna Smith
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Fiona Gong
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet J Rogers
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Syer
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giorgio Brembilla
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Retter
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Parry
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joey Clemente
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Caselton
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hassan Jeraj
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Max Bullock
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manju Mathew
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teng Teng Chung
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Scott Akker
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Chapple
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Grace A Salsbury
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alan Bainbridge
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David G Gadian
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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37
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Sakamoto K, Hamachi T, Miyokawa K, Tateishi K, Uesaka T, Kurashige Y, Yanai N. Polarizing agents beyond pentacene for efficient triplet dynamic nuclear polarization in glass matrices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307926120. [PMID: 37871226 PMCID: PMC10622900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307926120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Triplet dynamic nuclear polarization (triplet-DNP) is a technique that can obtain high nuclear polarization under moderate conditions. However, in order to obtain practically useful polarization, large single crystals doped with a polarizing agent must be strictly oriented with respect to the magnetic field to sharpen the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, which is a fatal problem that prevents its application to truly useful biomolecular targets. Instead of this conventional physical approach of controlling crystal orientation, here, we propose a chemical approach, i.e., molecular design of polarizing agents; pentacene molecules, the most typical triplet-DNP polarizing agent, are modified so as to make the triplet electron distribution wider and more isotropic without loss of the triplet polarization. The thiophene-modified pentacene exhibits a sharper and stronger ESR spectrum than the parent pentacene, and state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations revealed that the direction of the spin polarization is altered by the modification with thiophene moieties and the size of D and E parameters are reduced from parent pentacene due to the partial delocalization of spin densities on the thiophene moieties. The triplet-DNP with the new polarizing agent successfully exceeds the previous highest 1H polarization of glassy materials by a factor of 5. This demonstrates the feasibility of a polarizing agent that can surpass pentacene, the best polarizing agent for more than 30 y since triplet-DNP was first reported, in the unoriented state. This work provides a pathway toward practically useful high nuclear polarization of various biomolecules by triplet-DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hamachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Katsuki Miyokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tateishi
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uesaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurashige
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
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Bryant JM, Doniparthi A, Weygand J, Cruz-Chamorro R, Oraiqat IM, Andreozzi J, Graham J, Redler G, Latifi K, Feygelman V, Rosenberg SA, Yu HHM, Oliver DE. Treatment of Central Nervous System Tumors on Combination MR-Linear Accelerators: Review of Current Practice and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5200. [PMID: 37958374 PMCID: PMC10649155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent visualization of central nervous system (CNS) tumors due to its superior soft tissue contrast. Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has historically been limited to use in the initial treatment planning stage due to cost and feasibility. MRI-guided linear accelerators (MRLs) allow clinicians to visualize tumors and organs at risk (OARs) directly before and during treatment, a process known as online MRgRT. This novel system permits adaptive treatment planning based on anatomical changes to ensure accurate dose delivery to the tumor while minimizing unnecessary toxicity to healthy tissue. These advancements are critical to treatment adaptation in the brain and spinal cord, where both preliminary MRI and daily CT guidance have typically had limited benefit. In this narrative review, we investigate the application of online MRgRT in the treatment of various CNS malignancies and any relevant ongoing clinical trials. Imaging of glioblastoma patients has shown significant changes in the gross tumor volume over a standard course of chemoradiotherapy. The use of adaptive online MRgRT in these patients demonstrated reduced target volumes with cavity shrinkage and a resulting reduction in radiation dose to uninvolved tissue. Dosimetric feasibility studies have shown MRL-guided stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for intracranial and spine tumors to have potential dosimetric advantages and reduced morbidity compared with conventional linear accelerators. Similarly, dosimetric feasibility studies have shown promise in hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT). Next, we explore the potential of MRL-based multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and genomically informed radiotherapy to treat CNS disease with cutting-edge precision. Lastly, we explore the challenges of treating CNS malignancies and special limitations MRL systems face.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Michael Bryant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Ajay Doniparthi
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
| | - Joseph Weygand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Ruben Cruz-Chamorro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Oraiqat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Jacqueline Andreozzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Jasmine Graham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Gage Redler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Kujtim Latifi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Vladimir Feygelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Stephen A. Rosenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
| | - Daniel E. Oliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (I.M.O.); (J.A.); (G.R.); (K.L.); (H.-H.M.Y.)
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Jha PK, Walker C, Mitchell D, Oden JT, Schellingerhout D, Bankson JA, Fuentes DT. Mutual-information based optimal experimental design for hyperpolarized [Formula: see text]C-pyruvate MRI. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18047. [PMID: 37872226 PMCID: PMC10593962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A key parameter of interest recovered from hyperpolarized (HP) MRI measurements is the apparent pyruvate-to-lactate exchange rate, [Formula: see text], for measuring tumor metabolism. This manuscript presents an information-theory-based optimal experimental design approach that minimizes the uncertainty in the rate parameter, [Formula: see text], recovered from HP-MRI measurements. Mutual information is employed to measure the information content of the HP measurements with respect to the first-order exchange kinetics of the pyruvate conversion to lactate. Flip angles of the pulse sequence acquisition are optimized with respect to the mutual information. A time-varying flip angle scheme leads to a higher parameter optimization that can further improve the quantitative value of mutual information over a constant flip angle scheme. However, the constant flip angle scheme, 35 and 28 degrees for pyruvate and lactate measurements, leads to an accuracy and precision comparable to the variable flip angle schemes obtained from our method. Combining the comparable performance and practical implementation, optimized pyruvate and lactate flip angles of 35 and 28 degrees, respectively, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K. Jha
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Christopher Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77320 USA
| | - Drew Mitchell
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77320 USA
| | - J. Tinsley Oden
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - James A. Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77320 USA
| | - David T. Fuentes
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77320 USA
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Larson PEZ, Tang S, Liu X, Sinha A, Dwork N, Sivalokanathan S, Liu J, Bok R, Ordovas KG, Slater J, Gordon JW, Abraham MR. Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-pyruvate MRI evaluated in an oral glucose challenge. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.16.23297052. [PMID: 37904936 PMCID: PMC10615005 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.23297052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The heart has metabolic flexibility, which is influenced by fed/fasting states, and pathologies such as myocardial ischemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-pyruvate MRI is a promising new tool for non-invasive quantification of myocardial glycolytic and Krebs cycle flux. However, human studies of HP 13C-MRI have yet to demonstrate regional quantification of metabolism, which is important in regional ischemia and HCM patients with asymmetric septal/apical hypertrophy. Methods We developed and applied methods for whole-heart imaging of 13C-pyruvate, 13C-lactate and 13C-bicarbonate, following intravenous administration of [1-13C]-pyruvate. The image acquisition used an autonomous scanning method including bolus tracking, real-time magnetic field calibrations and metabolite-specific imaging. For quantification of metabolism, we evaluated 13C metabolite images, ratio metrics, and pharmacokinetic modeling to provide measurements of myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) mediated metabolic conversion in 5 healthy volunteers (fasting & 30 min following oral glucose load). Results We demonstrate whole heart coverage for dynamic measurement of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion via LDH and pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion via PDH at a resolution of 6×6×21 mm3 (13C-pyruvate) and 12×12×21 mm3 (13C-lactate, 13C-bicarbonate) . 13C-pyruvate and 13C-lactate were detected simultaneously in the RV blood pool, immediately after intravenous injection, reflecting LDH activity in blood. In healthy volunteers, myocardial 13C-pyruvate-SNR, 13C-lactate-SNR, 13C-bicarbonate-SNR, 13C-lactate/pyruvate ratio, 13C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL, and 13C-pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate, kPB, all had statistically significant increases following oral glucose challenge. kPB, reflecting PDH activity and pyruvate entering the Krebs Cycle, had the highest correlation with blood glucose levels and was statistically significant. Conclusions We demonstrate first-in-human regional quantifications of cardiac metabolism by HP 13C-pyruvate MRI that aims to reflect LDH and PDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Vista.ai, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Avantika Sinha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Sivalokanathan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karen G Ordovas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology Division, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chen HY, Gordon JW, Dwork N, Chung BT, Riselli A, Sivalokanathan S, Bok RA, Slater JB, Vigneron DB, Abraham MR, Larson PE. Probing Human Heart TCA Cycle Metabolism and Response to Glucose Load using Hyperpolarized [2- 13C]Pyruvate MR Spectroscopy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.16.23297053. [PMID: 37905131 PMCID: PMC10615004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.23297053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The normal heart has remarkable metabolic flexibility that permits rapid switching between mitochondrial glucose oxidation and fatty acid (FA) oxidation to generate ATP. Loss of metabolic flexibility has been implicated in the genesis of contractile dysfunction seen in cardiomyopathy. Metabolic flexibility has been imaged in experimental models, using hyperpolarized (HP) [2-13C]pyruvate MRI, which enables interrogation of metabolites that reflect tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux in cardiac myocytes. This study aimed to develop methods, demonstrate feasibility for [2-13C]pyruvate MRI in the human heart for the first time, and assess cardiac metabolic flexibility. Methods Good Manufacturing Practice [2-13C]pyruvic acid was polarized in a 5T polarizer for 2.5-3 hours. Following dissolution, QC parameters of HP pyruvate met all safety and sterility criteria for pharmacy release, prior to administration to study subjects. Three healthy subjects each received two HP injections and MR scans, first under fasting conditions, followed by oral glucose load. A 5cm axial slab-selective spectroscopy approach was prescribed over the left ventricle and acquired at 3s intervals on a 3T clinical MRI scanner. Results The study protocol which included HP substrate injection, MR scanning and oral glucose load, was performed safely without adverse events. Key downstream metabolites of [2-13C]pyruvate metabolism in cardiac myocytes include the glycolytic derivative [2-13C]lactate, TCA-associated metabolite [5-13C]glutamate, and [1-13C]acetylcarnitine, catalyzed by carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT). After glucose load, 13C-labeling of lactate, glutamate, and acetylcarnitine from 13C-pyruvate increased by 39.3%, 29.5%, and 114%, respectively in the three subjects, that could result from increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and CAT enzyme activity as well as TCA cycle flux (glucose oxidation). Conclusions HP [2-13C]pyruvate imaging is safe and permits non-invasive assessment of TCA cycle intermediates and the acetyl buffer, acetylcarnitine, which is not possible using HP [1-13C]pyruvate. Cardiac metabolite measurement in the fasting/fed states provides information on cardiac metabolic flexibility and the acetylcarnitine pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Brian T. Chung
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrew Riselli
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - James B. Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - M. Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Peder E.Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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Chung BT, Kim Y, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Autry AW, Lee PM, Hu JY, Tan CT, Suszczynski C, Chang SM, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Bok RA, Larson PEZ, Xu D, Li Y, Vigneron DB. Hyperpolarized [2- 13C]pyruvate MR molecular imaging with whole brain coverage. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120350. [PMID: 37634883 PMCID: PMC10530049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was applied for the first time to image and quantify the uptake and metabolism of [2-13C]pyruvate in the human brain to provide new metabolic information on cerebral energy metabolism. HP [2-13C]pyruvate was injected intravenously and imaged in 5 healthy human volunteer exams with whole brain coverage in a 1-minute acquisition using a specialized spectral-spatial multi-slice echoplanar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence to acquire 13C-labeled volumetric and dynamic images of [2-13C]pyruvate and downstream metabolites [5-13C]glutamate and [2-13C]lactate. Metabolic ratios and apparent conversion rates of pyruvate-to-lactate (kPL) and pyruvate-to-glutamate (kPG) were quantified to investigate simultaneously glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Chung
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF - UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam W Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Philip M Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF - UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, USA
| | - Jasmine Y Hu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF - UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, USA
| | - Chou T Tan
- ISOTEC Stable Isotope Division, MilliporeSigma, Merck KGaA, Miamisburg, OH 45342, USA
| | - Chris Suszczynski
- ISOTEC Stable Isotope Division, MilliporeSigma, Merck KGaA, Miamisburg, OH 45342, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF - UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF - UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall Suite 102, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF - UC Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Wang Z, Hao D, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Zeng Z, Wang X. Lactate and Lactylation: Clinical Applications of Routine Carbon Source and Novel Modification in Human Diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100641. [PMID: 37678638 PMCID: PMC10570128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism generates numerous intermediate metabolites that could serve as feedback and feed-forward regulation substances for posttranslational modification. Lactate, a metabolic product of glycolysis, has recently been conceptualized to play a pleiotropic role in shaping cell identities through metabolic rewiring and epigenetic modifications. Lactate-derived carbons, sourced from glucose, mediate the crosstalk among glycolysis, lactate, and lactylation. Furthermore, the multiple metabolic fates of lactate make it an ideal substrate for metabolic imaging in clinical application. Several studies have identified the crucial role of protein lactylation in human diseases associated with cell fate determination, embryonic development, inflammation, neoplasm, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein, this review will focus on the metabolic fate of lactate-derived carbon to provide useful information for further research and therapeutic approaches in human diseases. We comprehensively discuss its role in reprogramming and modification during the regulation of glycolysis, the clinical translation prospects of the hyperpolarized lactate signal, lactyl modification in human diseases, and its application with other techniques and omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Shijiazhuang Zhongnongtongchuang (ZNTC) Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuiying Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Division of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Konge Larsen ApS, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Murphy PS, Galette P, van der Aart J, Janiczek RL, Patel N, Brown AP. The role of clinical imaging in oncology drug development: progress and new challenges. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20211126. [PMID: 37393537 PMCID: PMC10546429 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2008, the role of clinical imaging in oncology drug development was reviewed. The review outlined where imaging was being applied and considered the diverse demands across the phases of drug development. A limited set of imaging techniques was being used, largely based on structural measures of disease evaluated using established response criteria such as response evaluation criteria in solid tumours. Beyond structure, functional tissue imaging such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and metabolic measures using [18F]flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were being increasingly incorporated. Specific challenges related to the implementation of imaging were outlined including standardisation of scanning across study centres and consistency of analysis and reporting. More than a decade on the needs of modern drug development are reviewed, how imaging has evolved to support new drug development demands, the potential to translate state-of-the-art methods into routine tools and what is needed to enable the effective use of this broadening clinical trial toolset. In this review, we challenge the clinical and scientific imaging community to help refine existing clinical trial methods and innovate to deliver the next generation of techniques. Strong industry-academic partnerships and pre-competitive opportunities to co-ordinate efforts will ensure imaging technologies maintain a crucial role delivering innovative medicines to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Galette
- Telix Pharmaceuticals (US) Inc, Fishers, United States
| | | | | | | | - Andrew P. Brown
- Vale Imaging Consultancy Solutions, Harston, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Nagel L, Gierse M, Gottwald W, Ahmadova Z, Grashei M, Wolff P, Josten F, Karaali S, Müller CA, Lucas S, Scheuer J, Müller C, Blanchard J, Topping GJ, Wendlinger A, Setzer N, Sühnel S, Handwerker J, Vassiliou C, van Heijster FH, Knecht S, Keim M, Schilling F, Schwartz I. Parahydrogen-Polarized [1- 13 C]Pyruvate for Reliable and Fast Preclinical Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303441. [PMID: 37587776 PMCID: PMC10602543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques increase nuclear spin polarization by more than four orders of magnitude, enabling metabolic MRI. Even though hyperpolarization has shown clear value in clinical studies, the complexity, cost and slowness of current equipment limits its widespread use. Here, a polarization procedure of [1-13 C]pyruvate based on parahydrogen-induced polarization by side-arm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) in an automated polarizer is demonstrated. It is benchmarked in a study with 48 animals against a commercial dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) device. Purified, concentrated (≈70-160 mM) and highly hyperpolarized (≈18%) solutions of pyruvate are obtained at physiological pH for volumes up to 2 mL within 85 s in an automated process. The safety profile, image quality, as well as the quantitative perfusion and lactate-to-pyruvate ratios, are equivalent for PHIP and d-DNP, rendering PHIP a viable alternative to established hyperpolarization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Wolfgang Gottwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Pascal Wolff
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH89081UlmGermany
| | - Felix Josten
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH89081UlmGermany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey J. Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Andre Wendlinger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | | | - Frits H.A. van Heijster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Michael Keim
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH89081UlmGermany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich81675MunichGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
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Arponen O, Wodtke P, Gallagher FA, Woitek R. Hyperpolarised 13C-MRI using 13C-pyruvate in breast cancer: A review. Eur J Radiol 2023; 167:111058. [PMID: 37666071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour metabolism can be imaged with a novel imaging technique termed hyperpolarised carbon-13 (13C)-MRI using probes, i.e., endogenously found molecules that are labeled with 13C. Hyperpolarisation of the 13C label increases the sensitivity to a level that allows dynamic imaging of the distribution and metabolism of the probes. Dynamic imaging of [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism is of particular biological interest in cancer because of the Warburg effect resulting in the intratumoural accumulation of [1-13C]pyruvate and conversion to [1-13C]lactate. Numerous preclinical studies in breast cancer and other tumours have shown that hyperpolarised 13C-pyruvate has potential for metabolic phenotyping and response assessment at earlier timepoints than the current clinical imaging techniques allow. The clinical feasibility of hyperpolarised 13C-MRI after the injection of pyruvate in patients with breast cancer has now been demonstrated, with increased 13C-label exchange between pyruvate and lactate present in higher grade tumours with associated increased expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), the transmembrane transporter mediating intracellular pyruvate uptake, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as the enzyme catalysing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Furthermore, a study in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggested that early changes in 13C-label exchange can distinguish between patients who reach pathologic complete response (pCR) and those who do not. This review summarises the current literature on preclinical and clinical research on hyperpolarised 13C-MRI with [1-13C]-pyruvate in breast cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otso Arponen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
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47
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de Maissin H, Groß PR, Mohiuddin O, Weigt M, Nagel L, Herzog M, Wang Z, Willing R, Reichardt W, Pichotka M, Heß L, Reinheckel T, Jessen HJ, Zeiser R, Bock M, von Elverfeldt D, Zaitsev M, Korchak S, Glöggler S, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY, Schilling F, Knecht S, Schmidt AB. In Vivo Metabolic Imaging of [1- 13 C]Pyruvate-d 3 Hyperpolarized By Reversible Exchange With Parahydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306654. [PMID: 37439488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate is becoming a non-invasive technique for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring response to treatment in cancer and other diseases. The clinically established method for producing HP pyruvate, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, however, is rather complex and slow. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is an ultra-fast and low-cost method based on fast chemical exchange. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate not only in vivo utility, but also metabolic MRI with SABRE. We present a novel routine to produce aqueous HP [1-13 C]pyruvate-d3 for injection in 6 minutes. The injected solution was sterile, non-toxic, pH neutral and contained ≈30 mM [1-13 C]pyruvate-d3 polarized to ≈11 % (residual 250 mM methanol and 20 μM catalyst). It was obtained by rapid solvent evaporation and metal filtering, which we detail in this manuscript. This achievement makes HP pyruvate MRI available to a wide biomedical community for fast metabolic imaging of living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Groß
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Obaid Mohiuddin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Weigt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin Herzog
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zirun Wang
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Willing
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Pichotka
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Heß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3 A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3 A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging SBMI, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center MOINCC, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos CancerInstitute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos CancerInstitute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Deen SS, Rooney C, Shinozaki A, McGing J, Grist JT, Tyler DJ, Serrão E, Gallagher FA. Hyperpolarized Carbon 13 MRI: Clinical Applications and Future Directions in Oncology. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e230005. [PMID: 37682052 PMCID: PMC10546364 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI (13C MRI) is a novel imaging approach that can noninvasively probe tissue metabolism in both normal and pathologic tissues. The process of hyperpolarization increases the signal acquired by several orders of magnitude, allowing injected 13C-labeled molecules and their downstream metabolites to be imaged in vivo, thus providing real-time information on kinetics. To date, the most important reaction studied with hyperpolarized 13C MRI is exchange of the hyperpolarized 13C signal from injected [1-13C]pyruvate with the resident tissue lactate pool. Recent preclinical and human studies have shown the role of several biologic factors such as the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, pyruvate transporter expression, and tissue hypoxia in generating the MRI signal from this reaction. Potential clinical applications of hyperpolarized 13C MRI in oncology include using metabolism to stratify tumors by grade, selecting therapeutic pathways based on tumor metabolic profiles, and detecting early treatment response through the imaging of shifts in metabolism that precede tumor structural changes. This review summarizes the foundations of hyperpolarized 13C MRI, presents key findings from human cancer studies, and explores the future clinical directions of the technique in oncology. Keywords: Hyperpolarized Carbon 13 MRI, Molecular Imaging, Cancer, Tissue Metabolism © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surrin S Deen
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - Catriona Rooney
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - Ayaka Shinozaki
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - Jordan McGing
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - James T Grist
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - Damian J Tyler
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - Eva Serrão
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- From the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England (S.S.D., E.S., F.A.G.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.R., A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.) and the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (A.S., J.T.G., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, England; Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England (J.M., J.T.G.); Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England (J.T.G.); Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (E.S., F.A.G.); Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, England (F.A.G.); and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (E.S.)
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49
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Peters JP, Brahms A, Janicaud V, Anikeeva M, Peschke E, Ellermann F, Ferrari A, Hellmold D, Held-Feindt J, Kim NM, Meiser J, Aden K, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Nitrogen-15 dynamic nuclear polarization of nicotinamide derivatives in biocompatible solutions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3643. [PMID: 37611105 PMCID: PMC10446501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging by more than 10,000 times, enabling in vivo metabolic imaging to be performed noninvasively in real time. Here, we are developing a group of dDNP polarized tracers based on nicotinamide (NAM). We synthesized 1-15N-NAM and 1-15N nicotinic acid and hyperpolarized them with dDNP, reaching (13.0 ± 1.9)% 15N polarization. We found that the lifetime of hyperpolarized 1-15N-NAM is strongly field- and pH-dependent, with T1 being as long as 41 s at a pH of 12 and 1 T while as short as a few seconds at neutral pH and fields below 1 T. The remarkably short 1-15N lifetime at low magnetic fields and neutral pH drove us to establish a unique pH neutralization procedure. Using 15N dDNP and an inexpensive rodent imaging probe designed in-house, we acquired a 15N MRI of 1-15N-NAM (previously hyperpolarized for more than an hour) in less than 1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh P. Peters
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vivian Janicaud
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Anikeeva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Na-mi Kim
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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50
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Grashei M, Wodtke P, Skinner JG, Sühnel S, Setzer N, Metzler T, Gulde S, Park M, Witt D, Mohr H, Hundshammer C, Strittmatter N, Pellegata NS, Steiger K, Schilling F. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of pH, perfusion and renal filtration using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled Z-OMPD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5060. [PMID: 37604826 PMCID: PMC10442412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
pH alterations are a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer and kidney disease. Here, we introduce [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD as a hyperpolarized extracellular pH and perfusion sensor for MRI which allows to generate a multiparametric fingerprint of renal disease status and to detect local tumor acidification. Exceptional long T1 of two minutes at 1 T, high pH sensitivity of up to 1.9 ppm per pH unit and suitability of using the C1-label as internal frequency reference enables pH imaging in vivo of three pH compartments in healthy rat kidneys. Spectrally selective targeting of both 13C-resonances enables simultaneous imaging of perfusion and filtration in 3D and pH in 2D within one minute to quantify renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates and renal pH in healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys with superior sensitivity compared to clinical routine methods. Imaging multiple biomarkers within a single session renders [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD a promising new hyperpolarized agent for oncology and nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mihyun Park
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Witt
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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