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Jha A, Barsola B, Pathania D, Sonu, Raizada P, Thakur P, Singh P, Rustagi S, Khosla A, Chaudhary V. Nano-biogenic heavy metals adsorptive remediation for enhanced soil health and sustainable agricultural production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118926. [PMID: 38657848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hazardous heavy metal (HM) pollution constitutes a pervasive global challenge, posing substantial risks to ecosystems and human health. The exigency for expeditious detection, meticulous monitoring, and efficacious remediation of HM within ecosystems is indisputable. Soil contamination, stemming from a myriad of anthropogenic activities, emerges as a principal conduit for HM ingress into the food chain. Traditional soil remediation modalities for HM elimination, while effective are labor-intensive, susceptible to secondary contamination, and exhibit limited efficacy in regions characterized by low metal toxicity. In response to these exigencies, the eco-friendly paradigm of bioremediation has garnered prominence as a financially judicious and sustainable remedial strategy. This approach entails the utilization of hyperaccumulators, Genetically Modified Microorganisms (GMM), and advantageous microbes. The current review offers a comprehensive elucidation of cutting-edge phyto/microbe-based bioremediation techniques, with a specific emphasis on their amalgamation with nanotechnology. Accentuating their pivotal role in advancing sustainable agricultural practices, the review meticulously dissects the synergistic interplay between plants and microbes, underscoring their adeptness in HM remediation sans secondary contamination. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the challenges intrinsic to implementing bioremediation-nanotechnology interface techniques and propounds innovative resolutions. These discernments proffer auspicious trajectories for the future of agriculture. Through the environmentally conscientious marvels of phyto/microbe bioremediation, an optimistic outlook emerges for environmental preservation and the cultivation of a sustainable, salubrious planet via the conduit of cleaner agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Jha
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Bindiya Barsola
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Diksha Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana,133203, India
| | - Sonu
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Thakur
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajit Khosla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, PR China.
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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2
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Li C, Ding S, Yan J, Xiao J, Wang B, Xu L, Hang X. Algal-derived dissolved organic matter accelerates mercury methylation under cyanobacterial blooms in the sediment of eutrophic lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118734. [PMID: 38493854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), especially in the form of methylmercury (MeHg), poses a significant threat to both organisms and the environment due to its extreme toxicity. While methylation process of Hg in sediments has been extensively studied, recognition of its associated risks and mechanisms during cyanobacterial blooms remains limited. This study investigated the distribution characteristics of Hg and MeHg in sediments of Taihu Lake, China. The concentration of Hg and MeHg varied within the range of 96.0-212.0 ng g-1 and 0.1-0.5 ng g-1, respectively. Higher ecological risks of Hg were found in algal-dominated regions compared to macrophyte areas. The significant correlations observed between Hg, MeHg, and algal-derived dissolved organic matter (ADOM) components C1 and C2 in algal-dominated regions indicate a close association between ADOM components and the Hg methylation process. These components are involved in the absorption or complexation of Hg, participate in redox reactions, and modulate microbial activity. The dsrB gene in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was found to accelerate the metabolic pathways of Hg methylation. These findings indicate that ADOM could enhance the methylation process of Hg during cyanobacterial blooms, which warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiabao Yan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhongyifeng Construction Group Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Lv Xu
- Anhui Urban Construction Design Institute Corp., Ltd, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Hang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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3
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Dong H, Liu L, Zhou Q, Tang Y, Wang H, Yin Y, Shi J, He B, Li Y, Hu L, Jiang G. Transformation of Mercuric Ions to Mercury Nanoparticles in Diatom Chaetoceros curvisetus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19772-19781. [PMID: 37932229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate HgS play crucial roles in the mercury (Hg) cycle. Approximately 20-90% of dissolved Hg can be transformed into particulate HgS by algae. However, detailed knowledge regarding these particles, including sizes and distribution, remains unknown. The present study explored the formation, distribution, and excretion of mercury nanoparticles (HgNPs) in diatom Chaetoceros curvisetus. The results demonstrated that HgNPs (HgS nanoparticles, 29.6-66.2 nm) formed intracellularly upon exposure to 5.0-100.0 μg L-1 Hg(II), accounting for 12-27% of the total Hg. HgNP concentrations significantly increased with increasing intracellular Hg(II) concentrations, while their sizes remained unaffected. HgNPs formed intracellularly and partly accumulated inside the cells (7-11%). Subsequently, the sizes of intracellular HgNPs gradually decreased to facilitate expulsion, 21-50% of which were excreted. These suggested the vital roles of HgNPs in comprehending marine Hg fate. Their unique physicochemical properties and bioavailability would influence Hg biotransformation in the ocean. Additionally, both intracellular and extracellular HgNPs contributed to Hg settling with cells, ultimately leading to Hg burial in sediments. Overall, these findings further deepened our understanding of Hg biotransformation and posed challenges in accurately estimating marine Hg flux and Hg burial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yinyin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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4
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Hu H, Gao Y, Yu H, Xiao H, Chen S, Tan W, Tang J, Xi B. Mechanisms and biological effects of organic amendments on mercury speciation in soil-rice systems: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114516. [PMID: 36628877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pollution is a well-recognized global environmental and health issue and exhibits distinctive persistence, neurotoxicity, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification effects. As the largest global Hg reservoir, the Hg cumulatively stored in soils has reached as high as 250-1000 Gg. Even more concerning is that global soil-rice systems distributed in many countries have become central to the global Hg cycle because they are both a major food source for more than 3 billion people worldwide and the central bridge linking atmospheric and soil Hg circulation. In this review, we discuss the form distribution, transformation, and bioavailability of Hg in soil-rice systems by focusing on the Hg methylation and demethylation pathways and distribution, uptake, and accumulation in rice plants and the effects of Hg on the community structure and ecological functions of microorganisms in soil-rice systems. In addition, we clarify the mechanisms through which commonly used humus and biochar organic amendments influence Hg and its environmental effects in soil-rice systems. The review also elaborates on the advantages of sulfur-modified biochars and their critical role in controlling Hg migration and bioavailability in soils. Finally, we provide key information about Hg pollution in soil-rice systems, which is of great significance for developing appropriate strategies and mitigation planning to limit Hg bioconcentration in rice crops and achieving key global sustainable development goals, such as the guarantee of food security and the promotion of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Hu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yiman Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hanxia Yu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Haoyan Xiao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shuhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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5
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Seelos M, Beutel M, McCord S, Kim S, Vigil K. Plankton population dynamics and methylmercury bioaccumulation in the pelagic food web of mine-impacted surface water reservoirs. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2022; 849:4803-4822. [PMID: 36213552 PMCID: PMC9526464 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thermal stratification of reservoirs can lead to anaerobic conditions that facilitate the microbial conversion of mercury (Hg) to neurotoxic and bioaccumulative methylmercury (MeHg). But MeHg production is just the first step in a complex set of processes that affect MeHg in fish. Of particular relevance is uptake into suspended particulate matter (SPM) and zooplankton at the base of the pelagic food web. We assessed plankton dynamics and Hg uptake into the pelagic food web of four Hg-impaired California water reservoirs. Combining water chemistry, plankton taxonomy, and stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope values of SPM and zooplankton samples, we investigated differences among the reservoirs that may contribute to differing patterns in MeHg bioaccumulation. Methylmercury accumulated in SPM during the spring and summer seasons. Percent MeHg (MeHg/Hg*100%) in SPM was negatively associated with δ15N values, suggesting that "fresh" algal biomass could support the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg. Zooplankton δ13C values were correlated with SPM δ13C values in the epilimnion, suggesting that zooplankton primarily feed in surface waters. However, zooplankton MeHg was poorly associated with MeHg in SPM. Our results demonstrate seasonal patterns in biological MeHg uptake and how multiple data sources can help constrain the drivers of MeHg bioaccumulation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-05018-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Seelos
- Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343 USA
- Valley Water, San Jose, CA 95118 USA
| | - Marc Beutel
- Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343 USA
| | | | - Sora Kim
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343 USA
| | - Katie Vigil
- Department of Global Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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6
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Liang X, Zhu N, Johs A, Chen H, Pelletier DA, Zhang L, Yin X, Gao Y, Zhao J, Gu B. Mercury Reduction, Uptake, and Species Transformation by Freshwater Alga Chlorella vulgaris under Sunlit and Dark Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4961-4969. [PMID: 35389633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a major entry point of mercury (Hg) to aquatic food webs, algae play an important role in taking up and transforming Hg species in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known how and to what extent Hg reduction, uptake, and species transformations are mediated by algal cells and their exudates, algal organic matter (AOM), under either sunlit or dark conditions. Here, using Chlorella vulgaris (CV) as one of the most prevalent freshwater model algal species, we show that solar irradiation could enhance the reduction of mercuric Hg(II) to elemental Hg(0) by both CV cells and AOM. AOM reduced more Hg(II) than algal cells themselves due to cell surface adsorption and uptake of Hg(II) inside the cells under solar irradiation. Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (SR-XANES) analyses indicate that sunlight facilitated the transformation of Hg to less bioavailable species, such as β-HgS and Hg-phytochelatins, compared to Hg(Cysteine)2-like species formed in algal cells in the dark. These findings highlight important functional roles and potential mechanisms of algae in Hg reduction and immobilization under varying lighting conditions and how these processes may modulate Hg cycling and bioavailability in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- School of Resources and Environment Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Nali Zhu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Alexander Johs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xixiang Yin
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuxi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Sá C, Matos D, Pires A, Cardoso P, Figueira E. Effects of volatile sulfur compounds on growth and oxidative stress of Rhizobium leguminosarum E20-8 exposed to cadmium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149478. [PMID: 34391142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) have been reported to be produced by many bacterial species. Depending on the compound, they can negatively influence some organisms (fungi, nematodes and insects) or promote plant growth. Some of these compounds have also been hypothesized to play a role in bacterial response to cadmium (Cd) induced stress. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of four VSCs (dimethyl sulfide - DMS, dimethyl disulfide - DMDS, dimethyl trisulfide - DMTS and methyl thioacetate - MTA) on the growth and oxidative status of Rhizobium sp. strain E20-8 via airborne exposure, in order to test the hypothesis that these volatile compounds can influence growth and tolerance to cadmium. Our results show that, overall, the tested compounds triggered similar antioxidant mechanisms in Rhizobium in the presence of Cd. The protective effect at the membrane level by DMDS and DMTS particularly demonstrates the antioxidant effect of these volatiles, with reductions of up to 50% (DMS) and 80% (DMTS) in lipid peroxidation levels. Due to the volatile nature of these compounds, the low concentrations tested (1 nM to 100 mM), and considering that they are released by bacteria and other organisms such as plants, it is possible that these effects also occur in the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sá
- CESAM, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Matos
- CESAM, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adília Pires
- CESAM, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso
- CESAM, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- CESAM, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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8
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Cossart T, Garcia-Calleja J, Worms IAM, Tessier E, Kavanagh K, Pedrero Z, Amouroux D, Slaveykova VI. Species-specific isotope tracking of mercury uptake and transformations by pico-nanoplankton in an eutrophic lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117771. [PMID: 34271517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the bioaccumulation and biotic transformations of inorganic (iHg) and monomethyl mercury (MMHg) by natural pico-nanoplankton community from eutrophic lake Soppen, Switzerland. Pico-nanoplankton encompass mainly bacterioplankton, mycoplankton and phytoplankton groups with size between 0.2 and 20 μm. Species-specific enriched isotope mixture of 199iHg and 201MMHg was used to explore the accumulation, the subcellular distribution and transformations occurring in natural pico-nanoplankton sampled at 2 different depths (6.6 m and 8.3 m). Cyanobacteria, diatoms, cryptophyta, green algae and heterotrophic microorganisms were identified as the major groups of pico-nanoplankton with diatoms prevailing at deeper samples. Results showed that pico-nanoplankton accumulated both iHg and MMHg preferentially in the cell membrane/organelles, despite observed losses. The ratios between the iHg and MMHg concentrations measured in the membrane/organelles and cytosol were comparable for iHg and MMHg. Pico-nanoplankton demethylate added 201MMHg (~4 and 12% per day depending on cellular compartment), although the involved pathways are to further explore. Comparison of the concentrations of 201iHg formed from 201MMHg demethylation in whole system, medium and whole cells showed that 82% of the demethylation was biologically mediated by pico-nanoplankton. No significant methylation of iHg by pico-nanoplankton was observed. The accumulation of iHg and MMHg and the percentage of demethylated MMHg correlated positively with the relative abundance of diatoms and heterotrophic microorganisms in the pico-nanoplankton, the concentrations of TN, Mg2+, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+ and negatively with the concentrations of DOC, K+, Na+, Ca2+, SO42-. Taken together the results of the present field study confirm the role of pico-nanoplankton in Hg bioaccumulation and demethylation, however further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and interconnection between heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Cossart
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Javier Garcia-Calleja
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - Isabelle A M Worms
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - Killian Kavanagh
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Zoyne Pedrero
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - David Amouroux
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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9
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Christakis CA, Barkay T, Boyd ES. Expanded Diversity and Phylogeny of mer Genes Broadens Mercury Resistance Paradigms and Reveals an Origin for MerA Among Thermophilic Archaea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682605. [PMID: 34248899 PMCID: PMC8261052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic element due to its high affinity for protein sulfhydryl groups, which upon binding, can destabilize protein structure and decrease enzyme activity. Prokaryotes have evolved enzymatic mechanisms to detoxify inorganic Hg and organic Hg (e.g., MeHg) through the activities of mercuric reductase (MerA) and organomercury lyase (MerB), respectively. Here, the taxonomic distribution and evolution of MerAB was examined in 84,032 archaeal and bacterial genomes, metagenome assembled genomes, and single-cell genomes. Homologs of MerA and MerB were identified in 7.8 and 2.1% percent of genomes, respectively. MerA was identified in the genomes of 10 archaeal and 28 bacterial phyla previously unknown to code for this functionality. Likewise, MerB was identified in 2 archaeal and 11 bacterial phyla previously unknown to encode this functionality. Surprisingly, homologs of MerB were identified in a number of genomes (∼50% of all MerB-encoding genomes) that did not encode MerA, suggesting alternative mechanisms to detoxify Hg(II) once it is generated in the cytoplasm. Phylogenetic reconstruction of MerA place its origin in thermophilic Thermoprotei (Crenarchaeota), consistent with high levels of Hg(II) in geothermal environments, the natural habitat of this archaeal class. MerB appears to have been recruited to the mer operon relatively recently and likely among a mesophilic ancestor of Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. This is consistent with the functional dependence of MerB on MerA and the widespread distribution of mesophilic microorganisms that methylate Hg(II) at lower temperature. Collectively, these results expand the taxonomic and ecological distribution of mer-encoded functionalities, and suggest that selection for Hg(II) and MeHg detoxification is dependent not only on the availability and type of mercury compounds in the environment but also the physiological potential of the microbes who inhabit these environments. The expanded diversity and environmental distribution of MerAB identify new targets to prioritize for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos A. Christakis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Tamar Barkay
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Eric S. Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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10
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Cui J, Xie Y, Sun T, Chen L, Zhang W. Deciphering and engineering photosynthetic cyanobacteria for heavy metal bioremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144111. [PMID: 33352345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals has received worldwide attentions due to their ubiquity, poor degradability and easy bioaccumulation in host cells. As one potential solution, photosynthetic cyanobacteria have been considered as promising remediation chassis and widely applied in various bioremediation processes of heavy-metals. Meanwhile, deciphering resistant mechanisms and constructing tolerant chassis towards heavy metals could greatly contribute to the successful application of the cyanobacteria-based bioremediation in the future. In this review, first we summarized recent application of cyanobacteria in heavy metals bioremediation using either live or dead cells. Second, resistant mechanisms and strategies for enhancing cyanobacterial bioremediation of heavy metals were discussed. Finally, potential challenges and perspectives for improving bioremediation of heavy metals by cyanobacteria were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Cui
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yaru Xie
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Law School of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Law School of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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11
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Weiss-Penzias PS, Bank MS, Clifford DL, Torregrosa A, Zheng B, Lin W, Wilmers CC. Marine fog inputs appear to increase methylmercury bioaccumulation in a coastal terrestrial food web. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17611. [PMID: 31772229 PMCID: PMC6879473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal marine atmospheric fog has recently been implicated as a potential source of ocean-derived monomethylmercury (MMHg) to coastal terrestrial ecosystems through the process of sea-to-land advection of foggy air masses followed by wet deposition. This study examined whether pumas (Puma concolor) in coastal central California, USA, and their associated food web, have elevated concentrations of MMHg, which could be indicative of their habitat being in a region that is regularly inundated with marine fog. We found that adult puma fur and fur-normalized whiskers in our marine fog-influenced study region had a mean (±SE) total Hg (THg) (a convenient surrogate for MMHg) concentration of 1544 ± 151 ng g-1 (N = 94), which was three times higher (P < 0.01) than mean THg in comparable samples from inland areas of California (492 ± 119 ng g-1, N = 18). Pumas in California eat primarily black-tailed and/or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and THg in deer fur from the two regions was also significantly different (coastal 28.1 ± 2.9, N = 55, vs. inland 15.5 ± 1.5 ng g-1, N = 40). We suggest that atmospheric deposition of MMHg through fog may be contributing to this pattern, as we also observed significantly higher MMHg concentrations in lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii), a deer food and a bioindicator of atmospheric deposition, at sites with the highest fog frequencies. At these ocean-facing sites, deer samples had significantly higher THg concentrations compared to those from more inland bay-facing sites. Our results suggest that fog-borne MMHg, while likely a small fraction of Hg in all atmospheric deposition, may contribute, disproportionately, to the bioaccumulation of Hg to levels that approach toxicological thresholds in at least one apex predator. As global mercury levels increase, coastal food webs may be at risk to the toxicological effects of increased methylmercury burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Weiss-Penzias
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Michael S Bank
- Institute of Marine Research, Department of Contaminants and Biohazards, Bergen, Norway
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Conservation, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Deana L Clifford
- Wildlife Investigations Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA, USA
- University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Torregrosa
- United States Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Belle Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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12
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Effects of Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 on immobilization of Hg in soil and accumulation of Hg in cultivated plant. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1343-1354. [PMID: 31583497 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The available content of mercury (Hg) in farmland soil is directly related to the safety of agricultural products. Meanwhile, humans may accumulate high concentrations of Hg through the food chain, resulting in health damage. Regarding the remediation technologies of Hg-contaminated soil, research and development is mainly concentrated on the immobilisation of Hg in soil and efficient extraction by accumulators. Therefore, in this work, the highly Hg-tolerant strain Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 was used to study the removal effect of Hg in a solution, immobilization effect of Hg in soil, and its effect on growth, Hg accumulation and photosynthetic characteristics of Brassica campestris L. RESULTS KL28 could effectively remove Hg2+ in the solution, with the removal ratio of 96.0% at 24 h. This strain could reduce decreases in shoots' and roots' dry weights by 31% and 16%, respectively, at a Hg concentration of 20 mg/L. The available Hg in the soil decreased to 4.7-9.4% in 8 days treated with KL28 bacterial solution at a dosage of 100 L/hm2. Meanwhile, with increases in Hg concentrations, Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(I) and Y(NPQ) in the leaves of B. campestris showed a downward trend while Y(ND) and Y(NO) displayed an upward trend. Under the stress of 20 mg/L Hg2+, KL28 could reduce the Fv/Fm from 11.2 to 6.1%. CONCLUSIONS KL28 could effectively remove Hg in the solution, immobilize Hg in soil, promote growth, decrease Hg accumulation and affect photosynthetic characteristics of B. campestris, indicating its potential use in Hg contaminated soils.
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Soto Cárdenas C, Queimaliños C, Ribeiro Guevara S, Gerea M, Diéguez MC. The microbial mercury link in oligotrophic lakes: Bioaccumulation by picocyanobacteria in natural gradients of dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:360-368. [PMID: 31108447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Andean Patagonian lakes are oligotrophic systems characterized by low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels and moderate to high Hg concentration that determine naturally high Hg/DOC ratios and bioavailability. In these lakes, microbial food webs are extremely important in Hg trophodynamics, being that the picophytoplankton fraction is a major entrance path of Hg2+ into pelagic food webs. This study analyzed the bioaccumulation of Hg2+ by the picocyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. using the radiotracer 197Hg2+ and water from four Andean Patagonian lakes presenting a natural gradient of DOM concentration and quality. Hg2+ bioaccumulation by Synechococcus was calculated as the uptake of Hg2+ per biovolume unit (volume concentration factor VCF; pL μm-3). Hg uptake showed a wide variation (13 < VCF< 300 pL μm-3) in the natural DOC gradient tested (0.7-4 mg L-1; Hg2+/DOC ratio: 1.8-14 ng mg-1). The bioaccumulation of Hg2+ in Synechococcus decreased exponentially with DOC concentration. Differences in the quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) among lake water influenced also Hg2+ bioaccumulation. Naturally degraded DOM, with low molecular weight/size, promoted higher Hg uptakes in Synechococcus compared to humic DOM, rich in high molecular weight/size aromatic compounds, that retained Hg in the dissolved phase. In Andean Patagonian lakes picocyanobacteria are pivotal organisms in the Hg cycling, taking dissolved Hg2+ and transferring it to pelagic food webs, as well as fueling the benthic Hg pathway through sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soto Cárdenas
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CCT Patagonia Norte CONICET), Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Queimaliños
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CCT Patagonia Norte CONICET), Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sergio Ribeiro Guevara
- Laboratorio de Análisis por Activación Neutrónica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo Km 9.5, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marina Gerea
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CCT Patagonia Norte CONICET), Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María C Diéguez
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CCT Patagonia Norte CONICET), Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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14
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Imron MF, Kurniawan SB, Soegianto A. Characterization of mercury-reducing potential bacteria isolated from Keputih non-active sanitary landfill leachate, Surabaya, Indonesia under different saline conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 241:113-122. [PMID: 30986663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to identify the capability of bacteria isolated from a non-active sanitary landfill to remove mercury under different saline conditions and to understand the removal kinetics. The mercury concentrations used in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test were 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L. The capability of one selected bacterium from the MIC test to remove mercury under different saline conditions (0, 10, 20, and 30‰) was also tested. Five indigenous bacteria were isolated from the Keputih non-active sanitary landfill, Surabaya, Indonesia. The MICs of mercury for FA-1, FA-2, FA-3, FA-4, and FA-5 were 5, 10, 5, 5, and 5 mg/L, respectively. Based on biochemical characterization, FA-2 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolate of P. aeruginosa was capable of removing Hg under different saline conditions. The optimum saline condition for P. aeruginosa to remove Hg was 10‰, with a removal percentage of 99.7 ± 0.18% following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9939) with k2 = 2.0059 mg substrate/g adsorbent/hr. Hence, isolated P. aeruginosa showed potential for the bioremediation of mercury-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Study Program of Waste Treatment Engineering, Department of Marine Engineering, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya, Jalan Teknik Kimia, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
| | - Agoes Soegianto
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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15
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O'Connor D, Hou D, Ok YS, Mulder J, Duan L, Wu Q, Wang S, Tack FMG, Rinklebe J. Mercury speciation, transformation, and transportation in soils, atmospheric flux, and implications for risk management: A critical review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:747-761. [PMID: 30878870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a potentially harmful trace element in the environment and one of the World Health Organization's foremost chemicals of concern. The threat posed by Hg contaminated soils to humans is pervasive, with an estimated 86 Gg of anthropogenic Hg pollution accumulated in surface soils worldwide. This review critically examines both recent advances and remaining knowledge gaps with respect to cycling of mercury in the soil environment, to aid the assessment and management of risks caused by Hg contamination. Included in this review are factors affecting Hg release from soil to the atmosphere, including how rainfall events drive gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) flux from soils of low Hg content, and how ambient conditions such as atmospheric O3 concentration play a significant role. Mercury contaminated soils constitute complex systems where many interdependent factors, including the amount and composition of soil organic matter and clays, oxidized minerals (e.g. Fe oxides), reduced elements (e.g. S2-), as well as soil pH and redox conditions affect Hg forms and transformation. Speciation influences the extent and rate of Hg subsurface transportation, which has often been assumed insignificant. Nano-sized Hg particles as well as soluble Hg complexes play important roles in soil Hg mobility, availability, and methylation. Finally, implications for human health and suggested research directions are put forward, where there is significant potential to improve remedial actions by accounting for Hg speciation and transportation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Connor
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, OJeong Eco-Resilience Institute & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingru Wu
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chen J, Dong J, Chang J, Guo T, Yang Q, Jia W, Shen S. Characterization of an Hg(II)-volatilizing Pseudomonas sp. strain, DC-B1, and its potential for soil remediation when combined with biochar amendment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:172-179. [PMID: 30053587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hg contamination is a critical environmental problem, and its remediation using cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods is highly desirable. In this study, a multi-metal-resistant bacterium showing strong Hg(II) volatilization ability, Pseudomonas sp. DC-B1, was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils. DC-B1 volatilized 81.1%, 79.2% and 74.3% of the initial Hg2+ from culture solutions with initial Hg2+ concentrations of 5.1, 10.4, and 15.7 mg/L, respectively, within 24 h. Microcosm experiments were performed to investigate the remediation of Hg(II)-spiked soils inoculated with DC-B1 coupled with sawdust biochar amendment. The efficiency of Hg removal from two types of soil samples with different properties and an initial Hg(II) content of approximately 100 mg/kg was enhanced 5.7-13.1% by bio-augmentation with inoculation of the bacterial strain DC-B1, 5.4-10.7% by amendment of 4% (w/w) biochar, and 10.7-23.2% by the combination of DC-B1 and biochar amendments over an incubation period of 24 d over the efficiency in the control treatment under flooded conditions. Longer root lengths were observed in lettuce grown in the treated soils than in lettuce from the control soil, confirming the bioremediation efficacy of the two bioagents for soil Hg contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jia Dong
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Junjun Chang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Tongtong Guo
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Qingchen Yang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shili Shen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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17
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O'Connor D, Peng T, Li G, Wang S, Duan L, Mulder J, Cornelissen G, Cheng Z, Yang S, Hou D. Sulfur-modified rice husk biochar: A green method for the remediation of mercury contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:819-826. [PMID: 29202293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination of surface soils has increased by ~86Giga grams due to anthropogenic activities. There is an urgent need to find new, effective and preferably 'green' remediation technologies to protect human health and the environment. Sulfur-modification of sorbents can greatly enhance Hg sorption capacity - by forming low solubility HgS (cinnabar). However, S-modified sorbents are not considered suitable for soil remediation due to the economic cost and secondary environmental impacts of sorbents such as granulated activated carbon (GAC), and the toxicity of S-modifiers such as thiol compounds. It was previously found that if biochar is used as an alternative to GAC then the overall environmental impact can be significantly reduced. However, due to a lack of experimental evidence, the practicality of S-modified biochar remains uncertain. The present study was undertaken to provide a proof-of-concept for the 'green' remediation of Hg contaminated soils with rice husk biochar modified with non-toxic elemental S. It was found that the S modification process increased the biochar S content from 0.2% to 13.04% via surface deposition or volume pore filling. This increased the biochar's Hg2+ adsorptive capacity (Qmax) by ~73%, to 67.11mg/g. To assess the performance of S-modified rice husk biochar for soil remediation it was applied to a high 1000mg/kg Hg2+ contaminated soil. Treatment dosages of 1%, 2% and 5% (dry wt.) were found to reduce freely available Hg in TCLP (toxicity characterization leaching procedure) leachates by 95.4%, 97.4% and 99.3%, respectively, compared to untreated soil. In comparison, unmodified rice husk biochar reduced Hg concentrations by 94.9%, 94.9% and 95.2% when applied at the same treatment dosage rates, respectively. This study has revealed that S-modified rice husk biochar has potential to stabilize Hg as a 'green' method for the remediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Connor
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyue Peng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Aas, Norway; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, N-0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhenglin Cheng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengmao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China; Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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18
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Essa AMM, Al Abboud MA, Khatib SI. Metal transformation as a strategy for bacterial detoxification of heavy metals. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:17-29. [PMID: 29141107 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms can modify the chemical and physical characters of metals leading to an alteration in their speciation, mobility, and toxicity. Aqueous heavy metals solutions (Hg, Cd, Pb, Ag, Cu, and Zn) were treated with the volatile metabolic products (VMPs) of Escherichia coli Z3 for 24 h using aerobic bioreactor. The effect of the metals treated with VMPs in comparison to the untreated metals on the growth of E. coli S1 and Staphylococcus aureus S2 (local isolates) was examined. Moreover, the toxic properties of the treated and untreated metals were monitored using minimum inhibitory concentration assay. A marked reduction of the treated metals toxicity was recorded in comparison to the untreated metals. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed the formation of metal particles in the treated metal solutions. In addition to heavy metals at variable ratios, these particles consisted of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen elements. The inhibition of metal toxicity was attributed to the existence of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide in the VMPs of E. coli Z3 culture that might responsible for the transformation of soluble metal ions into metal complexes. This study clarified the capability of E. coli Z3 for indirect detoxification of heavy metals via the immobilization of metal ions into biologically unavailable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M M Essa
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.,Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al Abboud
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayeed I Khatib
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Gentès S, Taupiac J, Colin Y, André JM, Guyoneaud R. Bacterial periphytic communities related to mercury methylation within aquatic plant roots from a temperate freshwater lake (South-Western France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19223-19233. [PMID: 28664497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophyte floating roots are considered as hotspots for methylmercury (MeHg) production in aquatic ecosystems through microbial activity. Nevertheless, very little is known about periphyton bacterial communities and mercury (Hg) methylators in such ecological niches. The ability to methylate inorganic Hg is broadly distributed among prokaryotes; however, sulfate-reducers have been reported to be the most important MeHg producers in macrophyte floating roots. In the present work, the periphyton bacterial communities colonizing Ludwigia sp. floating roots were investigated through molecular methods. Among the 244 clones investigated, anaerobic microorganisms associated with the sulfur biogeochemical cycle were identified. Notably, members of the sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes and the anoxygenic, purple non-sulfur bacteria (Rhodobacteraceae, Comamonadaceae, Rhodocyclaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae) and the sulfate reducers (Desulfobacteraceae, Syntrophobacteraceae, and Desulfobulbaceae) were detected. In addition, 15 sulfate-reducing strains related to the Desulfovibrionaceae family were isolated and their Hg-methylation capacity was tested using a biosensor. The overall results confirmed that Hg methylation is a strain-specific process since the four strains identified as new Hg-methylators were closely related to non-methylating isolates. This study highlights the potential involvement of periphytic bacteria in Hg methylation when favorable environmental conditions are present in such ecological micro-niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gentès
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, UMR IPREM5254 Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Bâtiment IBEAS, BP1153, 64013, Pau Cedex, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Julie Taupiac
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, UMR IPREM5254 Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Bâtiment IBEAS, BP1153, 64013, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Colin
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, UMR IPREM5254 Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Bâtiment IBEAS, BP1153, 64013, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc André
- Equipe CIH, IMS UMR 5218, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique, 109 Avenue Roul, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, UMR IPREM5254 Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Bâtiment IBEAS, BP1153, 64013, Pau Cedex, France
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20
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The Putative Role of Environmental Mercury in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Subtypes. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4834-4856. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Kang C, Wu P, Li L, Yu L, Ruan B, Gong B, Zhu N. Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(III) immobilization by resting cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCTCC AB93066: spectroscopic, microscopic, and mass balance analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5949-5963. [PMID: 28070813 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(III) immobilization by resting cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using batch experiments and analysis techniques. Data showed that resting cells of this strain (3.2 g/L dry weight) reduced 10 mg/L of Cr(VI) by 86% in Tris-HCl buffer solution under optimized conditions of 5 g/L of sodium acetate as an electron donor, pH of 7.0 and temperature of 37 °C within 24 h. Cr(VI) was largely converted to nontoxic Cr(III), and both soluble crude cell-free extracts and membrane-associated fractions were responsible for Cr(VI) reduction. While remnant Cr(VI) existed only in the supernatant, the content of resultant Cr(III) in supernatant, on cell surface and inside cells was 2.62, 1.06, and 5.07 mg/L, respectively, which was an indicative of extracellular and intracellular reduction of chromate. Scanning electron microscopy analysis combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the adsorption of chromium on the bacterial surface. Interaction between Cr(III) and cell surface functional groups immobilized Cr(III) as indicated by Fourier transform infrared analyses and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed Cr(III) precipitates in bacterial interior suggesting that Cr(II) could also be intracellularly accumulated. Thus, it can be concluded that interior and exterior surfaces of resting P. aeruginosa cells were sites for reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI) and Cr(III), respectively. This is further insight into the underlying mechanisms of microbial chromate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Kang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Lab of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Langfeng Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ruan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Beini Gong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 51006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Lab of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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22
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Mahbub KR, Bahar MM, Labbate M, Krishnan K, Andrews S, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Bioremediation of mercury: not properly exploited in contaminated soils! Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:963-976. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Metal sulfide minerals are assumed to form naturally at ambient conditions via reaction of a metallic element with (poly)sulfide ions, usually produced by microbes in oxygen-depleted environments. Recently, the formation of mercury sulfide (β-HgS) directly from linear Hg(II)-thiolate complexes (Hg(SR)2) in natural organic matter and in cysteine solutions was demonstrated under aerated conditions. Here, a detailed description of this non-sulfidic reaction is provided by computations at a high level of molecular-orbital theory. The HgS stoichiometry is obtained through the cleavage of the S-C bond in one thiolate, transfer of the resulting alkyl group (R') to another thiolate, and subsequent elimination of a sulfur atom from the second thiolate as a thioether (RSR'). Repetition of this mechanism leads to the formation of RS-(HgS)n-R chains which may self-assemble in parallel arrays to form cinnabar (α-HgS), or more commonly, quickly condense to four-coordinate metacinnabar (β-HgS). The mechanistic pathway is thermodynamically favorable and its predicted kinetics agrees with experiment. The results provide robust theoretical support for the abiotic natural formation of nanoparticulate HgS under oxic conditions and in the absence of a catalyst, and suggest a new route for the (bio)synthesis of HgS nanoparticles with improved technological properties.
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Hoque E, Fritscher J. A new mercury-accumulating Mucor hiemalis strain EH8 from cold sulfidic spring water biofilms. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:763-781. [PMID: 27177603 PMCID: PMC5061714 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report about a unique aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalisEH8 that can remove toxic ionic mercury from water by intracellular accumulation and reduction into elemental mercury (Hg0 ). EH8 was isolated from a microbial biofilm grown in sulfidic-reducing spring water sourced at a Marching's site located downhill from hop cultivation areas with a history of mercury use. A thorough biodiversity survey and mercury-removal function analyses were undertaken in an area of about 200 km2 in Bavaria (Germany) to find the key biofilm and microbe for mercury removal. After a systematic search using metal removal assays we identified Marching spring's biofilm out of 18 different sulfidic springs' biofilms as the only one that was capable of removing ionic Hg from water. EH8 was selected, due to its molecular biological identification as the key microorganism of this biofilm with the capability of mercury removal, and cultivated as a pure culture on solid and in liquid media to produce germinating sporangiospores. They removed 99% of mercury from water within 10-48 h after initial exposure to Hg(II). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated occurrence of intracellular mercury in germinating sporangiospores exposed to mercury. Not only associated with intracellular components, but mercury was also found to be released and deposited as metallic-shiny nanospheres. Electron-dispersive x-ray analysis of such a nanosphere confirmed presence of mercury by the HgMα peak at 2.195 keV. Thus, a first aquatic eukaryotic microbe has been found that is able to grow even at low temperature under sulfur-reducing conditions with promising performance in mercury removal to safeguard our environment from mercury pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Hoque
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fritscher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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25
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Sun W, Xiao E, Kalin M, Krumins V, Dong Y, Ning Z, Liu T, Sun M, Zhao Y, Wu S, Mao J, Xiao T. Remediation of antimony-rich mine waters: Assessment of antimony removal and shifts in the microbial community of an onsite field-scale bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:213-222. [PMID: 27208755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An on-site field-scale bioreactor for passive treatment of antimony (Sb) contamination was installed downstream of an active Sb mine in Southwest China, and operated for one year (including a six month monitoring period). This bioreactor consisted of five treatment units, including one pre-aerobic cell, two aerobic cells, and two microaerobic cells. With the aerobic cells inoculated with indigenous mine water microflora, the bioreactor removed more than 90% of total soluble Sb and 80% of soluble antimonite (Sb(III)). An increase in pH and decrease of oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) was also observed along the flow direction. High-throughput sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene variable (V4) region revealed that taxonomically diverse microbial communities developed in the bioreactor. Metal (loid)-oxidizing bacteria including Ferrovum, Thiomonas, Gallionella, and Leptospirillum, were highly enriched in the bioreactor cells where the highest total Sb and Sb(III) removal occurred. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that a suite of in situ physicochemical parameters including pH and Eh were substantially correlated with the overall microbial communities. Based on an UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) tree and PCoA (Principal Coordinates Analysis), the microbial composition of each cell was distinct, indicating these in situ physicochemical parameters had an effect in shaping the indigenous microbial communities. Overall, this study was the first to employ a field-scale bioreactor to treat Sb-rich mine water onsite and, moreover, the findings suggest the feasibility of the bioreactor in removing elevated Sb from mine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; Guangdong Institute of Eco-environment and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Enzong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Valdis Krumins
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Yiran Dong
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Water Resources Protection Bureau of Pearl River Water Resources Commission, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Water Resources Protection Bureau of Pearl River Water Resources Commission, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Jianzhong Mao
- Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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Dahoumane SA, Wujcik EK, Jeffryes C. Noble metal, oxide and chalcogenide-based nanomaterials from scalable phototrophic culture systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 95:13-27. [PMID: 27866608 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic cell or tissue cultures can produce nanostructured noble metals, oxides and chalcogenides at ambient temperatures and pressures in an aqueous environment and without the need for potentially toxic solvents or the generation of dangerous waste products. These "green" synthesized nanobiomaterials can be used to fabricate biosensors and bio-reporting tools, theranostic vehicles, medical imaging agents, as well as tissue engineering scaffolds and biomaterials. While successful at the lab and experimental scales, significant barriers still inhibit the development of higher capacity processes. While scalability issues in traditional algal bioprocess engineering are well known, such as the controlled delivery of photons and gas-exchange, the large-scale algal synthesis of nanomaterials introduces additional parameters to be understood, i.e., nanoparticle (NP) formation kinetics and mechanisms, biological transport of metal cations and the effect of environmental conditions on the final form of the NPs. Only after a clear understanding of the kinetics and mechanisms can the strain selection, photobioreactor type, medium pH and ionic strength, mean light intensity and other relevant parameters be specified for an optimal bioprocess. To this end, this mini-review will examine the current best practices and understanding of these phenomena to establish a path forward for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Evan K Wujcik
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor (MEAN) Laboratory, Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
| | - Clayton Jeffryes
- Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing (NAB) Laboratory, Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA.
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27
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Mahbub KR, Krishnan K, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Bioremediation potential of a highly mercury resistant bacterial strain Sphingobium SA2 isolated from contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:330-337. [PMID: 26378869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A mercury resistant bacterial strain, SA2, was isolated from soil contaminated with mercury. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this isolate showed 99% sequence similarity to the genera Sphingobium and Sphingomonas of α-proteobacteria group. However, the isolate formed a distinct phyletic line with the genus Sphingobium suggesting the strain belongs to Sphingobium sp. Toxicity studies indicated resistance to high levels of mercury with estimated EC50 values 4.5 mg L(-1) and 44.15 mg L(-1) and MIC values 5.1 mg L(-1) and 48.48 mg L(-1) in minimal and rich media, respectively. The strain SA2 was able to volatilize mercury by producing mercuric reductase enzyme which makes it potential candidate for remediating mercury. ICP-QQQ-MS analysis of Hg supplemented culture solutions confirmed that almost 79% mercury in the culture suspension was volatilized in 6 h. A very small amount of mercury was observed to accumulate in cell pellets which was also evident according to ESEM-EDX analysis. The mercuric reductase gene merA was amplified and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated sequence homology with α-proteobacteria and Ascomycota group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandaker Rayhan Mahbub
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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28
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Cornall A, Rose A, Streten C, McGuinness K, Parry D, Gibb K. Molecular screening of microbial communities for candidate indicators of multiple metal impacts in marine sediments from northern Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:468-484. [PMID: 26274631 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coastal sediments accumulate metals from anthropogenic sources and as a consequence industry is required to monitor sediment health. The total concentration of a metal does not necessarily reflect its potential toxicity or biological impact, so biological assessment tools are useful for monitoring. Rapid biological assessment tools sensitive enough to detect relatively small increases in metal concentrations would provide early warning of future ecosystem impact. The authors investigated in situ populations of Archaea and Bacteria as potential tools for rapid biological assessment in sediment at 4 northern Australian coastal locations over 2 yr, in both wet and dry seasons. The 1 M HCl-extractable concentrations of metals in sediment were measured, and Archaeal and Bacterial community profiles were obtained by next-generation sequencing of sediment deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Species response curves were used to identify several taxonomic groups with potential as biological indicators of metal impact. Spatial variation, sediment grain size, water depth, and dissolved oxygen also correlated with microbial population shifts. Seasonal variation was less important than geographic location. Metal-challenge culture trials supported the identification of metal-resistant and -sensitive taxa. In situ Archaea and Bacteria are potentially sensitive indicators for changes in bioavailable concentrations of metals; however, the complexity of the system suggests it is important to identify metal-specific functional genes that may be informed by these sequencing surveys, and thus provide a useful addition to identity-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Cornall
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alea Rose
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Claire Streten
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Keith McGuinness
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David Parry
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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29
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Manceau A, Lemouchi C, Enescu M, Gaillot AC, Lanson M, Magnin V, Glatzel P, Poulin BA, Ryan JN, Aiken GR, Gautier-Luneau I, Nagy KL. Formation of Mercury Sulfide from Hg(II)-Thiolate Complexes in Natural Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9787-9796. [PMID: 26168020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury is the environmental form of neurotoxic mercury that is biomagnified in the food chain. Methylation rates are reduced when the metal is sequestered in crystalline mercury sulfides or bound to thiol groups in macromolecular natural organic matter. Mercury sulfide minerals are known to nucleate in anoxic zones, by reaction of the thiol-bound mercury with biogenic sulfide, but not in oxic environments. We present experimental evidence that mercury sulfide forms from thiol-bound mercury alone in aqueous dark systems in contact with air. The maximum amount of nanoparticulate mercury sulfide relative to thiol-bound mercury obtained by reacting dissolved mercury and soil organic matter matches that detected in the organic horizon of a contaminated soil situated downstream from Oak Ridge, TN, in the United States. The nearly identical ratios of the two forms of mercury in field and experimental systems suggest a common reaction mechanism for nucleating the mineral. We identified a chemical reaction mechanism that is thermodynamically favorable in which thiol-bound mercury polymerizes to mercury-sulfur clusters. The clusters form by elimination of sulfur from the thiol complexes via breaking of mercury-sulfur bonds as in an alkylation reaction. Addition of sulfide is not required. This nucleation mechanism provides one explanation for how mercury may be immobilized, and eventually sequestered, in oxygenated surface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Manceau
- †ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cyprien Lemouchi
- †ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ‡Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mironel Enescu
- §Laboratoire Chrono Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Gaillot
- ∥Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Martine Lanson
- †ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Magnin
- †ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- ⊥European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Brett A Poulin
- #Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 428 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
- ∇U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Joseph N Ryan
- #Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 428 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - George R Aiken
- ∇U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | | | - Kathryn L Nagy
- @Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC-186, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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30
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Elucidation of the defence mechanism in microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana under mercury exposure. Identification of Hg–phytochelatins. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 238:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Ariya PA, Amyot M, Dastoor A, Deeds D, Feinberg A, Kos G, Poulain A, Ryjkov A, Semeniuk K, Subir M, Toyota K. Mercury Physicochemical and Biogeochemical Transformation in the Atmosphere and at Atmospheric Interfaces: A Review and Future Directions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3760-802. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Amyot
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, 90
avenue Vincent-d’Indy, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Ashu Dastoor
- Air
Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 2121 TransCanada Highway, Dorval, Quebec, Canada, H9P 1J3
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Poulain
- Department
of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Andrei Ryjkov
- Air
Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 2121 TransCanada Highway, Dorval, Quebec, Canada, H9P 1J3
| | - Kirill Semeniuk
- Air
Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 2121 TransCanada Highway, Dorval, Quebec, Canada, H9P 1J3
| | - M. Subir
- Department
of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 West University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Kenjiro Toyota
- Air
Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3H 5T4
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Suresh Kumar K, Dahms HU, Won EJ, Lee JS, Shin KH. Microalgae - A promising tool for heavy metal remediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:329-52. [PMID: 25528489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology of microalgae has gained popularity due to the growing need for novel environmental technologies and the development of innovative mass-production. Inexpensive growth requirements (solar light and CO2), and, the advantage of being utilized simultaneously for multiple technologies (e.g. carbon mitigation, biofuel production, and bioremediation) make microalgae suitable candidates for several ecofriendly technologies. Microalgae have developed an extensive spectrum of mechanisms (extracellular and intracellular) to cope with heavy metal toxicity. Their wide-spread occurrence along with their ability to grow and concentrate heavy metals, ascertains their suitability in practical applications of waste-water bioremediation. Heavy metal uptake by microalgae is affirmed to be superior to the prevalent physicochemical processes employed in the removal of toxic heavy metals. In order to evaluate their potential and to fill in the loopholes, it is essential to carry out a critical assessment of the existing microalgal technologies, and realize the need for development of commercially viable technologies involving strategic multidisciplinary approaches. This review summarizes several areas of heavy metal remediation from a microalgal perspective and provides an overview of various practical avenues of this technology. It particularly details heavy metals and microalgae which have been extensively studied, and provides a schematic representation of the mechanisms of heavy metal remediation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea.
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Responses to oxidative and heavy metal stresses in cyanobacteria: recent advances. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:871-86. [PMID: 25561236 PMCID: PMC4307280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, the only known prokaryotes that perform oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, are receiving strong attention in basic and applied research. In using solar energy, water, CO2 and mineral salts to produce a large amount of biomass for the food chain, cyanobacteria constitute the first biological barrier against the entry of toxics into the food chain. In addition, cyanobacteria have the potential for the solar-driven carbon-neutral production of biofuels. However, cyanobacteria are often challenged by toxic reactive oxygen species generated under intense illumination, i.e., when their production of photosynthetic electrons exceeds what they need for the assimilation of inorganic nutrients. Furthermore, in requiring high amounts of various metals for growth, cyanobacteria are also frequently affected by drastic changes in metal availabilities. They are often challenged by heavy metals, which are increasingly spread out in the environment through human activities, and constitute persistent pollutants because they cannot be degraded. Consequently, it is important to analyze the protection against oxidative and metal stresses in cyanobacteria because these ancient organisms have developed most of these processes, a large number of which have been conserved during evolution. This review summarizes what is known regarding these mechanisms, emphasizing on their crosstalk.
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Wu Y, Wang WX. Intracellular speciation and transformation of inorganic mercury in marine phytoplankton. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 148:122-129. [PMID: 24473163 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal speciation is closely related to toxicity in aquatic organisms, but quantitative study of mercury transformation has rarely been reported. In this study, the ability of three marine phytoplankton species, including a green alga Chlorella autotrophica, a flagellate Isochrysis galbana and a diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, to convert inorganic mercury were examined. We found that all algae tested were able to transform Hg(II) into dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM), phytochelatin (PC) complexes and metacinnabar (β-HgS). The most tolerant species, T. weissflogii, generally produced the highest level of PCs and β-HgS. Attributed to the highest DGM production ability, C. autotrophica accumulated the least Hg, but was the most sensitive due to low PC induction and β-HgS formation. Of the added Hg(II), less than 5% was reduced to DGM per day in all species. Of the intracellular Hg, <20% and 20-90% were chelated by PCs and transformed into β-HgS, respectively. These results suggest that intracellular biotransformation might be more important than bioavailability regulation in Hg(II) detoxification in marine phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Grégoire DS, Poulain AJ. A little bit of light goes a long way: the role of phototrophs on mercury cycling. Metallomics 2014; 6:396-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Edwards CD, Beatty JC, Loiselle JBR, Vlassov KA, Lefebvre DD. Aerobic transformation of cadmium through metal sulfide biosynthesis in photosynthetic microorganisms. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:161. [PMID: 23855952 PMCID: PMC3750252 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium is a non-essential metal that is toxic because of its interference with essential metals such as iron, calcium and zinc causing numerous detrimental metabolic and cellular effects. The amount of this metal in the environment has increased dramatically since the advent of the industrial age as a result of mining activities, the use of fertilizers and sewage sludge in farming, and discharges from manufacturing activities. The metal bioremediation utility of phototrophic microbes has been demonstrated through their ability to detoxify Hg(II) into HgS under aerobic conditions. Metal sulfides are generally very insoluble and therefore, biologically unavailable. Results When Cd(II) was exposed to cells it was bioconverted into CdS by the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and the cyanobacterium, Synechoccocus leopoliensis. Supplementation of the two eukaryotic algae with extra sulfate, but not sulfite or cysteine, increased their cadmium tolerances as well as their abilities to produce CdS, indicating an involvement of sulfate assimilation in the detoxification process. However, the combined activities of extracted serine acetyl-transferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) used to monitor sulfate assimilation, was not significantly elevated during cell treatments that favored sulfide biosynthesis. It is possible that the prolonged incubation of the experiments occurring over two days could have compensated for the low rates of sulfate assimilation. This was also the case for S. leopoliensis where sulfite and cysteine as well as sulfate supplementation enhanced CdS synthesis. In general, conditions that increased cadmium sulfide production also resulted in elevated cysteine desulfhydrase activities, strongly suggesting that cysteine is the direct source of sulfur for CdS synthesis. Conclusions Cadmium(II) tolerance and CdS formation were significantly enhanced by sulfate supplementation, thus indicating that algae and cyanobacteria can produce CdS in a manner similar to that of HgS. Significant increases in sulfate assimilation as measured by SAT-OASTL activity were not detected. However, the enhanced activity of cysteine desulfhydrase indicates that it is instrumental in the provision of H2S for aerobic CdS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Edwards
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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The Synechocystis PCC6803 MerA-like enzyme operates in the reduction of both mercury and uranium under the control of the glutaredoxin 1 enzyme. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:4138-45. [PMID: 23852862 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00272-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a continuing effort to analyze the selectivity/redundancy of the three glutaredoxin (Grx) enzymes of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803, we have characterized an enzyme system that plays a crucial role in protection against two toxic metal pollutants, mercury and uranium. The present data show that Grx1 (Slr1562 in CyanoBase) selectively interacts with the presumptive mercuric reductase protein (Slr1849). This MerA enzyme plays a crucial role in cell defense against both mercuric and uranyl ions, in catalyzing their NADPH-driven reduction. Like MerA, Grx1 operates in cell protection against both mercury and uranium. The Grx1-MerA interaction requires cysteine 86 (C86) of Grx1 and C78 of MerA, which is critical for its reductase activity. MerA can be inhibited by glutathionylation and subsequently reactivated by Grx1, likely through deglutathionylation. The two Grx1 residues C31, which belongs to the redox active site (CX(2)C), and C86, which operates in MerA interactions, are both required for reactivation of MerA. These novel findings emphasize the role of glutaredoxins in tolerance to metal stress as well as the evolutionary conservation of the glutathionylation process, so far described mostly for eukaryotes.
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Aerobic transformation of zinc into metal sulfide by photosynthetic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3613-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barkay T, Kritee K, Boyd E, Geesey G. A thermophilic bacterial origin and subsequent constraints by redox, light and salinity on the evolution of the microbial mercuric reductase. Environ Microbiol 2011; 12:2904-17. [PMID: 20545753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mercuric reductase (MerA) is central to the mercury (Hg) resistance (mer) system, catalyzing the reduction of ionic Hg to volatile Hg(0). A total of 213 merA homologues were identified in sequence databases, the majority of which belonged to microbial lineages that occupy oxic environments. merA was absent among phototrophs and in lineages that inhabit anoxic environments. Phylogenetic reconstructions of MerA indicate that (i) merA originated in a thermophilic bacterium following the divergence of the Archaea and Bacteria with a subsequent acquisition in Archaea via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), (ii) HGT of merA was rare across phylum boundaries and (iii) MerA from marine bacteria formed distinct and strongly supported lineages. Collectively, these observations suggest that a combination of redox, light and salinity conditions constrain MerA to microbial lineages that occupy environments where the most oxidized and toxic form of Hg, Hg(II), predominates. Further, the taxon-specific distribution of MerA with and without a 70 amino acid N-terminal extension may reflect intracellular levels of thiols. In conclusion, MerA likely evolved following the widespread oxygenation of the biosphere in a thermal environment and its subsequent evolution has been modulated by the interactions of Hg with the intra- and extracellular environment of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Barkay
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Lipman Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Chungjatupornchai W, Kamlangdee A, Fa-Aroonsawat S. Display of organophosphorus hydrolase on the cyanobacterial cell surface using synechococcus outer membrane protein a as an anchoring motif. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:1048-57. [PMID: 21327741 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The display of proteins to cyanobacterial cell surface is made complex by combination of Gram-positive and Gram-negative features of cyanobacterial cell wall. Here, we showed that Synechococcus outer membrane protein A (SomA) can be used as an anchoring motif for the display of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on cyanobacterial cell surface. The OPH, capable of degrading a wide range of organophosphate pesticides, was fused in frame to the carboxyl-terminus of different cell-surface exposed loops of SomA. Proteinase K accessibility assay and immunostaining visualized under confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that a minor fraction of OPH with 12 histidines fused in frame with the third cell-surface exposed loop of SomA (SomAL3-OPH12H) was displayed onto the outermost cell surface with a substantial fraction buried in the cell wall, whereas OPH fused in frame with the fifth cell-surface exposed loop of SomA (SomAL5-OPH) was successfully translocated across the membrane and completely displayed onto the outermost surface of Synechococcus. The successful display of the functional heterologous protein on cell surface provides a useful model for variety of applications in cyanobacteria including screening of polypeptide libraries and whole-cell biocatalysts by immobilizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Chungjatupornchai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
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Koksharova OA. Application of molecular genetic and microbiological techniques in ecology and biotechnology of cyanobacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261710060020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M. Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Rutgers University; New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - John R. Reinfelder
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Rutgers University; New Brunswick New Jersey USA
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El-Bestawy E. Treatment of mixed domestic-industrial wastewater using cyanobacteria. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1503-16. [PMID: 18726623 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company (ASDCO), Alexandria, Egypt has two primary treatment plants, the eastern and the western wastewater treatment plants (EWTP and WWTP) that receive mixed domestic-industrial influents and discharge into L. Mariut. The lake is subjected therefore to severe levels of pollution and dominated by members of cyanobacteria that can cope with the high pollution load in the lake water. Isolation and utilization of the locally generated cyanobacterial biomass for remediation processes of highly toxic pollutants offers a very efficient and cheap tool for governmental or private industrial activities in Alexandria and will generate a source of revenue in Egyptian localities. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the biodegradation and biosorption capacity of some potential cyanobacterial species dominating the lake ecosystem toward organic and inorganic contaminants polluting the primary-treated effluents of the EWTP and WWTP. The primary effluents were subjected to biological treatment using three axenic cyanobacterial strains (Anabaena oryzae, Anabaena variabilis and Tolypothrix ceytonica) as batch system for 7 days. Removal efficiencies (RE) of the different contaminants were evaluated and compared. Results confirmed the high efficiencies of the investigated species for the removal of the target contaminants which were species and contaminant-dependent. BOD5 and COD recorded 89.29 and 73.68% as maximum RE(s) achieved by Anabaena variabilis and Anabaena oryzae, respectively. The highest RE of the TSS recorded 64.37% achieved by Tolypothrix ceytonica, while 38.84% was recorded as the highest TSD RE achieved by Anabaena variabilis. Tolypothrix ceytonica also exhibited the highest RE for FOG recorded 93.75%. Concerning the contaminant metals, Tolypothrix ceytonica showed the highest biosorption capacity where 86.12 and 94.63% RE were achieved for Zn and Cu, respectively. In conclusion, results of the present study confirmed the advantageous potential of using the tested cyanobacterial species for the treatment of contaminated wastewater. Results also clearly showed the quality improvement of the discharged wastewater which in turn will eliminate or at least minimize the expected deterioration of the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam El-Bestawy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horria Ave. El-Shatby, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt.
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