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Pan X, Shen J, Hong Y, Wu Y, Guo D, Zhao L, Bu X, Ben L, Wang X. Comparative Analysis of Growth, Survival, and Virulence Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Imported Meat. Microorganisms 2024; 12:345. [PMID: 38399749 PMCID: PMC10891628 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen with worldwide prevalence. Understanding the variability in the potential pathogenicity among strains of different subtypes is crucial for risk assessment. In this study, the growth, survival, and virulence characteristics of 16 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from imported meat in China (2018-2020) were investigated. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and lag phase (λ) were evaluated using the time-to-detection (TTD) method and the Baranyi model at different temperatures (25, 30, and 37 °C). Survival characteristics were determined by D-values and population reduction after exposure to heat (60, 62.5, and 65 °C) and acid (HCl, pH = 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5). The potential virulence was evaluated via adhesion and invasion to Caco-2 cells, motility, and lethality to Galleria mellonella. The potential pathogenicity was compared among strains of different lineages and subtypes. The results indicate that the lineage I strains exhibited a higher growth rate than the lineage II strains at three growth temperatures, particularly serotype 4b within lineage I. At all temperatures tested, serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b consistently demonstrated higher heat resistance than the other subtypes. No significant differences in the log reduction were observed between the lineage I and lineage II strains at pH 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. However, the serotype 1/2c strains exhibited significantly low acid resistance at pH 2.5. In terms of virulence, the lineage I strains outperformed the lineage II strains. The invasion rate to Caco-2 cells and lethality to G. mellonella exhibited by the serotype 4b strains were higher than those observed in the other serotypes. This study provides meaningful insights into the growth, survival, and virulence of L. monocytogenes, offering valuable information for understanding the correlation between the pathogenicity and subtypes of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Pan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.P.); (Y.H.); (X.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Jinling Shen
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China; (J.S.); (D.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.P.); (Y.H.); (X.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Yufan Wu
- Centre of Analysis and Test, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Dehua Guo
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China; (J.S.); (D.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lina Zhao
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China; (J.S.); (D.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiangfeng Bu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.P.); (Y.H.); (X.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Leijie Ben
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.P.); (Y.H.); (X.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.P.); (Y.H.); (X.B.); (L.B.)
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Xia J, Luo Y, Chen M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Deng S, Xu J, Han Y, Sun J, Jiang L, Song H, Cheng C. Characterization of a DsbA family protein reveals its crucial role in oxidative stress tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0306023. [PMID: 37823664 PMCID: PMC10715225 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03060-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The adaption and tolerance to various environmental stresses are the fundamental factors for the widespread existence of Listeria monocytogenes. Anti-oxidative stress is the critical mechanism for the survival and pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes. The thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) systems are known to contribute to the anti-oxidative stress of L. monocytogenes, but whether the Dsb system has similar roles remains unknown. This study demonstrated that the DsbA family protein Lmo1059 of L. monocytogenes participates in bacterial oxidative stress tolerance, with Cys36 as the key amino acid of its catalytic activity and anti-oxidative stress ability. It is worth noting that Lmo1059 was involved in the invading and cell-to-cell spread of L. monocytogenes. This study lays a foundation for further understanding the specific mechanisms of oxidative cysteine repair and antioxidant stress regulation of L. monocytogenes, which contributes to an in-depth understanding of the environmental adaptation mechanisms for foodborne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaru Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Simin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology &College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hugon AM, Golos TG. Listeria monocytogenes infection in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells with exposure to progesterone and estradiol-17beta in a gestational infection model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550068. [PMID: 37503025 PMCID: PMC10370168 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food-borne pathogen associated with serious pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and meningitis. Although Lm infection within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is well studied, little is known about the influence sex hormones may have on listeriosis. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) not only have receptors within the GI tract but are significantly increased during pregnancy. The presence of these hormones may play a role in susceptibility to listeriosis during pregnancy. Caco-2 cell monolayers were grown on trans-well inserts in the presence of E2, P4, both E2 and P4, or no hormones (control). Cells were inoculated with Lm for 1 hour, before rinsing with gentamycin and transfer to fresh media. Trans-epithelial resistance was recorded hourly, and bacterial burden of the apical media, intracellular lysates, and basal media were assessed at 6 hours post inoculation. There were no significant differences in bacterial replication when directly exposed to sex steroids, and Caco-2 cell epithelial barrier function was not impacted during culture with Lm. Addition of P4 significantly reduced intracellular bacterial burden compared to E2 only and no hormone controls. Interestingly, E2 only treatment was associated with significantly increased Lm within the basal compartment, compared to reduction in the intracellular and apical layers. These data indicate that increased circulating sex hormones alone do not significantly impact intestinal epithelial barrier integrity during listeriosis, but that addition of P4 and E2, alone or in combination, was associated with reduced epithelial cell bacterial burden and apical release of Lm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Liu D, Bai X, Helmick HDB, Samaddar M, Amalaradjou MAR, Li X, Tenguria S, Gallina NLF, Xu L, Drolia R, Aryal UK, Moreira GMSG, Hust M, Seleem MN, Kokini JL, Ostafe R, Cox A, Bhunia AK. Cell-surface anchoring of Listeria adhesion protein on L. monocytogenes is fastened by internalin B for pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112515. [PMID: 37171960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) is a secreted acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) that anchors to an unknown molecule on the Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) surface, which is critical for its intestinal epithelium crossing. In the present work, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identify internalin B (InlB) as the primary ligand of LAP (KD ∼ 42 nM). InlB-deleted and naturally InlB-deficient Lm strains show reduced LAP-InlB interaction and LAP-mediated pathology in the murine intestine and brain invasion. InlB-overexpressing non-pathogenic Listeria innocua also displays LAP-InlB interplay. In silico predictions reveal that a pocket region in the C-terminal domain of tetrameric LAP is the binding site for InlB. LAP variants containing mutations in negatively charged (E523S, E621S) amino acids in the C terminus confirm altered binding conformations and weaker affinity for InlB. InlB transforms the housekeeping enzyme, AdhE (LAP), into a moonlighting pathogenic factor by fastening on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Manalee Samaddar
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xilin Li
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas L F Gallina
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luping Xu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biological Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Bindley Bioscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia Moreira
- Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jozef L Kokini
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Boonsilp S, Nealiga MJ, Wangchuk K, Homkaew A, Wongsuk T, Thuncharoon H, Suksomchit P, Wasipraphai D, Chaturongakul S, Dubbs P. Differential Interaction between Invasive Thai Group B Streptococcus Sequence Type 283 and Caco-2 Cells. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101917. [PMID: 36296194 PMCID: PMC9611625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence in Southeast Asia of invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in adults by sequence type (ST) 283 is suggested to be associated with fish consumption. Genotyping of 55 GBS clinical isolates revealed that 33/44 invasive isolates belonged to ST283/capsular polysaccharide type (CPS) III. This included 15/16 isolates recovered from younger adults aged 16–36 years. Seven ST283/CPSIII isolates from the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or joint fluid were selected by the patient’s age at random to perform interaction studies with intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers. The invasion efficiency profiles from this study classified these isolates into two groups; a higher invasion efficiency group 1 recovered from patients aged between 23 and 36 years, and a lower invasion efficiency group 2 recovered from the elderly and neonate. Intracellular survival tests revealed that only group 1 members could survive inside Caco-2 cells up to 32 h without replication. Additionally, all isolates tested were able to traverse across polarized Caco-2 monolayers. However, the timing of translocation varied among the isolates. These results indicated the potential of GBS invasion via the gastrointestinal tract and showed phenotypic variations in invasiveness, intracellular survival, and translocation efficiency between genetically closely related ST283 isolates infecting young adults and those infecting the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphan Boonsilp
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Marea Jikka Nealiga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kinley Wangchuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Homkaew
- Microbiological Unit, Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Thanwa Wongsuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | | | - Paveesuda Suksomchit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Daranee Wasipraphai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Padungsri Dubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Emerging Bacterial Infections, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Rahman MA, Sahoo N, Yemmireddy V. Analysis of Sanitizer Rotation on the Susceptibility, Biofilm Forming Ability and Caco-2 Cell Adhesion and Invasion of Listeria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090961. [PMID: 36145393 PMCID: PMC9502273 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitizer use conditions on the susceptibility, biofilm forming ability and pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes. Two different strains of L. monocytogenes and a non-pathogenic L. innocua were exposed to sodium hypochlorite, benzalkonium chloride and peroxyacetic acid at different concentrations (4 to 512 ppm) and treatment times (30 s to 5 min), respectively. Under the tested conditions, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in reduction was observed among the three tested sanitizers. A reduction of 1 to 8 log CFU/mL was observed depending upon the sanitizer concentration and treatment times. The survived cells at the highest sublethal concentration and treatment time of a particular sanitizer upon re-exposure to the same or different sanitizer showed either no change or increased susceptibility when compared to parent strains. Upon repeated exposure to sanitizers at progressively increasing concentrations from 1 to 128 ppm, L. innocua was able to survive concentrations of up to 32 ppm benzalkonium chloride and 64 ppm peroxyacetic acid treatments, respectively. At the tested sub-lethal concentrations, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in biofilm formation was observed among the tested strains. Caco-2 interaction with L. innocua showed a reduction in invasion ability with sublethal concentrations of sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asfakur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Veerachandra Yemmireddy
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-956-665-7198
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Zhou C, Zou Y, Huang J, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Ye K. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Intestinal Organoids Infected by Listeria monocytogenes Strains with Different Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116231. [PMID: 35682909 PMCID: PMC9181811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes, consisting of 13 serotypes, is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen that causes different host reactions depending on its serotypes. In this study, highly toxic L. monocytogenes 10403s resulted in more severe infections and lower survival rates. Additionally, to investigate the remodeling of the host proteome by strains exhibiting differential toxicity, the cellular protein responses of intestinal organoids were analyzed using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and high-performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. The virulent strain 10403s caused 102 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated proteins, while the low virulent strain M7 caused 188 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated proteins. Based on the analysis of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG databases, the expressions of differential proteins in organoids infected by L. monocytogenes 10403s (virulent strain) or M7 (low virulent strain) were involved in regulating essential processes such as the biological metabolism, the energy metabolism, and immune system processes. The results showed that the immune system process, as the primary host defense response to L. monocytogenes, comprised five pathways, including ECM−receptor interaction, the complement and coagulation cascades, HIF-1, ferroptosis, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. As for the L. monocytogenes 10403s vs. M7 group, the expression of differential proteins was involved in two pathways: systemic lupus erythematosus and transcriptional mis-regulation in cancer. All in all, these results revealed that L. monocytogenes strains with different toxicity induced similar biological functions and immune responses while having different regulations on differential proteins in the pathway.
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Iglesias MA, Kroning IS, Ramires T, Cunha CEP, Moreira GMSG, Camargo AC, Mendonça M, Nero LA, Conceição FR, Lopes GV, DA Silva WP. Genetic Profiles and Invasion Ability of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Bovine Carcasses in Southern Brazil. J Food Prot 2022; 85:591-596. [PMID: 34995347 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The goals of this study were to evaluate the persistence and the virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from beef carcasses obtained in processing facilities in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), invasion ability in human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116), internalin A (InlA) expression by Western blot, and identification of mutation points in inlA. PFGE profiles demonstrated that L. monocytogenes isolates were grouped based on their previously identified lineages and serogroups (lineage I: serogroup IIb, n = 2, and serogroup IVb, n = 5; lineage II: serogroup IIc, n = 5). Isolates with indistinguishable genetic profiles through this method were obtained from different slaughterhouses and sampling steps, with as much as a 3-year interval. Seven isolates showed high invasion ability (2.4 to 7.4%; lineage I, n = 6, and lineage II, n = 1) in HCT and expressed InlA. Five isolates showed low cell invasion ability (0.6 to 1.4%; lineage I, n = 1, and lineage II, n = 4) and did not express InlA, and two of them (lineage II, serogroup IIc) presented mutations in inlA that led to premature stop codon type 19 at position 326 (GAA → TAA). The results demonstrated that most L. monocytogenes isolates from lineage I expressed InlA and were the most invasive in HCT, indicating their high virulence potential, whereas most isolates from lineage II showed attenuated invasion because of nonexpression of InlA or the presence of premature stop codon type 19 in inlA. The obtained results demonstrated that L. monocytogenes with indistinguishable PFGE profiles can persist or be reintroduced in beef processing facilities in the studied region and that differences in their virulence potential are based on their lineages and serogroups. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Iglesias
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabela S Kroning
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos E P Cunha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M S G Moreira
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anderson C Camargo
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Reprodução de Animais de Produção, Universidade Federal Rural do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha DA Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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9
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Tsai H, Wang Y, Liao C, Su C, Huang C, Chiu M, Yeh Y. Safety and the probiotic potential of
Bifidobacterium animalis
CP‐9. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2211-2228. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Yun Tsai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Chin Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chorng‐An Liao
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Yan Su
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Ph. D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Min‐Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yao‐Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan
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10
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Park E, Ha J, Oh H, Kim S, Choi Y, Lee Y, Kim Y, Seo Y, Kang J, Yoon Y. High Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Duck: Antibiotic and Heat Resistance, Virulence, and Genetics of the Isolates. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:324-334. [PMID: 33987552 PMCID: PMC8115007 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the genetic and virulence characteristics of the
Listeria monocytogenes from smoked ducks. L.
monocytogenes was isolated by plating, and the isolated colonies
were identified by PCR. All the obtained seven L. monocytogenes
isolates possessed the virulence genes (inlA,
inlB, plcB, and hlyA) and
a 385 bp actA amplicon. The L. monocytogenes
isolates (SMFM2018 SD 1-1, SMFM 2018 SD 4-1, SMFM 2018 SD 4-2, SMFM 2018 SD 5-2,
SMFM 2018 SD 5-3, SMFM 2018 SD 6-2, and SMFM 2018 SD 7-1) were inoculated in
tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing 0.6% yeast extract at 60°C,
followed by cell counting on tryptic soy agar (TSA) containing 0.6% yeast
extract at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10 min. We identified five heat resistant isolates
compared to the standard strain (L. monocytogenes ATCC13932),
among which three exhibited the serotype 1/2b and D-values of 5.41, 6.48, and
6.71, respectively at 60°C. The optical densities of the cultures were
regulated to a 0.5 McFarland standard to assess resistance against nine
antibiotics after an incubation at 30°C for 24 h. All isolates were
penicillin G resistant, possessing the virulence genes (inlA,
inlB, plcB, and hlyA) and
the 385-bp actA amplicon, moreover, three isolates showed
clindamycin resistance. In conclusion, this study allowed us to characterize
L. monocytogenes isolates from smoked ducks, exhibiting
clindamycin and penicillin G resistance, along with the 385-bp
actA amplicon, representing higher invasion efficiency than
the 268-bp actA, and the higher heat resistance serotype
1/2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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11
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Antibiofilm activity of shikonin against Listeria monocytogenes and inhibition of key virulence factors. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Studies on host-foodborne bacteria in intestinal three-dimensional cell culture model indicate possible mechanisms of interaction. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:31. [PMID: 33458785 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-02996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spheroids of intestinal cells (Caco-2) were used to evaluate the adhesion/invasion ability of Listeria monocytogenes (pathogen) and Lactobacillus sakei 1 (potential probiotic). Besides, transcriptomic analyses of Caco-2 cells in three dimensional cultures were done, with the aim of revealing possible host-foodborne bacteria interactions. Result of adhesion assay for L. monocytogenes in Caco-2 spheroids was 22.86 ± 0.33%, but it was stimulated in acidic pH (4.5) and by the presence of 2% sucrose (respectively, 32.56 ± 1.35% and 33.25 ± 1.26%). Conversely, the invasion rate of L. monocytogenes was lower at pH 4.5, in comparison with non-stressed controls (18.89 ± 1.05% and 58.65 ± 0.30%, respectively). L. sakei 1 adhered to Caco-2 tridimensional cell culture (27.30 ± 2.64%), with no invasiveness. There were 19 and 21 genes down and upregulated, respectively, in tridimensional Caco-2 cells, upon infection with L. monocytogenes, which involved immunity, apoptosis; cytoprotective responses, cell signalling-regulatory pathways. It was evidenced despite activation or deactivation of several pathways in intestinal cells to counteract infection, the pathogen was able to hijack many host defense mechanisms. On the other hand, the probiotic candidate L. sakei 1 was correlated with decreased transcription of two genes in Caco-2 cells, though it stimulated the expression of 14 others, with diverse roles in immunity, apoptosis, cytoprotective response and cell signalling-regulatory pathways. Our data suggest the use of tridimensional cell culture to mimic the intestinal epithelium is a good model for gathering broad information on the putative mechanisms of interaction between host and bacteria of importance for food safety, which can serve as a basis for further in-depth investigation.
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13
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Xu L, Bai X, Tenguria S, Liu Y, Drolia R, Bhunia AK. Mammalian Cell-Based Immunoassay for Detection of Viable Bacterial Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575615. [PMID: 33329436 PMCID: PMC7732435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of live pathogens is of paramount importance to ensure food safety. At present, nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction and antibody-based lateral flow assays are the primary methods of choice for rapid detection, but these are prone to interference from inhibitors, and resident microbes. Moreover, the positive results may neither assure virulence potential nor viability of the analyte. In contrast, the mammalian cell-based assay detects pathogen interaction with the host cells and is responsive to only live pathogens, but the short shelf-life of the mammalian cells is the major impediment for its widespread application. An innovative approach to prolong the shelf-life of mammalian cells by using formalin was undertaken. Formalin (4% formaldehyde)-fixed human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell line, HCT-8 on 24-well tissue culture plates was used for the capture of viable pathogens while an antibody was used for specific detection. The specificity of the Mammalian Cell-based ImmunoAssay (MaCIA) was validated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium as model pathogens and further confirmed against a panel of 15 S. Enteritidis strains, 8 S. Typhimurium, 11 other Salmonella serovars, and 14 non-Salmonella spp. The total detection time (sample-to-result) of MaCIA with artificially inoculated ground chicken, eggs, milk, and cake mix at 1–10 CFU/25 g was 16–21 h using a traditional enrichment set up but the detection time was shortened to 10–12 h using direct on-cell (MaCIA) enrichment. Formalin-fixed stable cell monolayers in MaCIA provide longer shelf-life (at least 14 weeks) for possible point-of-need deployment and multi-sample testing on a single plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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14
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Sun J, Hang Y, Han Y, Zhang X, Gan L, Cai C, Chen Z, Yang Y, Song Q, Shao C, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Cheng C, Song H. Deletion of glutaredoxin promotes oxidative tolerance and intracellular infection in Listeria monocytogenes. Virulence 2020; 10:910-924. [PMID: 31680614 PMCID: PMC6844310 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1685640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide glutaredoxin systems of bacterial cytoplasm favor reducing conditions for the correct disulfide bonding of functional proteins, and therefore were employed by bacteria to defend against oxidative stress. Listeria monocytogenes has been shown to encode a putative glutaredoxin, Grx (encoded by lmo2344), while the underlying roles remain unknown. Here we suggest an unexpected role of L. monocytogenes Grx in oxidative tolerance and intracellular infection. The recombinant Grx was able to efficiently catalyze the thiol-disulfide oxidoreduction of insulin in the presence of DTT as an election donor. Unexpectedly, the deletion of grx resulted in a remarkably increased tolerance and survival ability of this bacteria when exposed to various oxidizing agents, including diamide, and copper and cadmium ions. Furthermore, loss of grx significantly promoted bacterial invasion and proliferation in human epithelial Caco-2 cells and murine macrophages, as well as a notably increasing invasion but not cell-to-cell spread in the murine fibroblasts L929 cells. More importantly, L. monocytogenes lacking the glutaredoxin exhibited more efficient proliferation and recovery in the spleens and livers of the infected mice, and hence became more virulent by upregulating the virulence factors, InlA and InlB. In summary, we here for the first time demonstrated that L. monocytogenes glutaredoxin plays a counterintuitive role in bacterial oxidative resistance and intracellular infection, which is the first report to provide valuable evidence for the role of glutaredoxins in bacterial infection, and more importantly suggests a favorable model to illustrate the functional diversity of bacterial Grx systems during environmental adaption and host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Gan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Quanjiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changyong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Dong Q, Zhang W, Guo L, Niu H, Liu Q, Wang X. Influence of Lactobacillus plantarum individually and in combination with low O2-MAP on the pathogenic potential of Listeria monocytogenes in cabbage. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Lewis R, Bolocan AS, Draper LA, Ross RP, Hill C. The Effect of a Commercially Available Bacteriophage and Bacteriocin on Listeria monocytogenes in Coleslaw. Viruses 2019; 11:E977. [PMID: 31652871 PMCID: PMC6893746 DOI: 10.3390/v11110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing consumer attitudes show an increased interest in non-chemical antimicrobials in food preservation and safety. This greater interest of consumers in more 'natural' or 'clean-label' food interventions is complicated by concurrent demands for minimally processed, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods with long shelf lives. Two viable interventions are bacteriophage (phage) and bacteriocins, a number of which have already been approved for use in food safety. Listeriosis is a serious foodborne infection which affects at-risk members of the population. Listeriosis incidence has increased between 2008 and 2015 and has a case fatality rate of up to 20% with antibiotic intervention. Here, we tested an intervention to attempt to control a pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes strain in a food model using two of these alternative antimicrobials. Phage P100 on its own had a significant effect on L. monocytogenes ScottA numbers in coleslaw over a 10-day period at 4 °C (p ≤ 0.001). A combination of P100 and Nisaplin® (a commercial formulation of the lantibiotic bacteriocin, nisin) had a significant effect on the pathogen (p ≤ 0.001). P100 and Nisaplin® in combination were more effective than Nisaplin® alone, but not P100 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Lewis
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Andrei Sorin Bolocan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine A Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
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17
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Miao X, Liu H, Zheng Y, Guo D, Shi C, Xu Y, Xia X. Inhibitory Effect of Thymoquinone on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 Biofilm Formation and Virulence Attributes Critical for Human Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:304. [PMID: 31508379 PMCID: PMC6718631 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of thymoquinone (TQ) against Listeria monocytogenes, and to examine its inhibitory effects on biofilm formation, motility, hemolysin production, and attachment-invasion of host cells. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TQ against eight different L. monocytogenes strains ranged from 6.25-12.50 μg/mL. Crystal violet staining showed that TQ clearly reduced biofilm biomass at sub-MICs in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that TQ inhibited biofilm formation on glass slides and induced an apparent collapse of biofilm architecture. At sub-MICs, TQ effectively inhibited the motility of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115, and significantly impacted adhesion to and invasion of human colon adenocarcinoma cells as well as the secretion of listeriolysin O. Supporting these findings, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that TQ down-regulated the transcription of genes associated with motility, biofilm formation, hemolysin secretion, and attachment-invasion in host cells. Overall, these findings confirm that TQ has the potential to be used to combat L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Sino-US Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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18
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Drolia R, Bhunia AK. Crossing the Intestinal Barrier via Listeria Adhesion Protein and Internalin A. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:408-425. [PMID: 30661918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cell lining provides the first line of defense, yet foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes can overcome this barrier; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Though the host M cells in Peyer's patch and the bacterial invasion protein internalin A (InlA) are involved, L. monocytogenes can cross the gut barrier in their absence. The interaction of Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) with the host cell receptor (heat shock protein 60) disrupts the epithelial barrier, promoting bacterial translocation. InlA aids L. monocytogenes transcytosis via interaction with the E-cadherin receptor, which is facilitated by epithelial cell extrusion and goblet cell exocytosis; however, LAP-induced cell junction opening may be an alternative bacterial strategy for InlA access to E-cadherin and its translocation. Here, we summarize the strategies that L. monocytogenes employs to circumvent the intestinal epithelial barrier and compare and contrast these strategies with other enteric bacterial pathogens. Additionally, we provide implications of recent findings for food safety regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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19
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Jahid IK, Mizan MFR, Myoung J, Ha SD. Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm, exoprotease, and quorum sensing responses to co-cultivation with diverse foodborne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria on crab surfaces. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:1079-1092. [PMID: 30698028 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1519069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dual species interactions on biofilm formation by Aeromonas hydrophila in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes were examined. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed to identify N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules secreted by monocultures and dual cultures grown in crab broth. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe attachment and biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens inhibited biofilm formation by A. hydrophila on the crab surface, without affecting their own biofilm-forming abilities. Dual biofilms of S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, or P. carotovorum did not affect A. hydrophila biofilm formation. Exoprotease, AHL, and AI-2 levels were significantly reduced in dual cultures of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens with A. hydrophila, supporting the relationship between quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Dual-species biofilms were studied in their natural environment and in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Daedeok-Myun , Anseong , Gyunggido , South Korea
- b Department of Microbiology , Jessore University of Science and Technology , Bangladesh
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Daedeok-Myun , Anseong , Gyunggido , South Korea
| | - Jinjong Myoung
- c Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University , Deokjin-dong 1ga, Deokjin-gu , Jeonju-si , Jeollabuk-do , South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Daedeok-Myun , Anseong , Gyunggido , South Korea
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Poimenidou SV, Dalmasso M, Papadimitriou K, Fox EM, Skandamis PN, Jordan K. Virulence Gene Sequencing Highlights Similarities and Differences in Sequences in Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2a and 4b Strains of Clinical and Food Origin From 3 Different Geographic Locations. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1103. [PMID: 29922249 PMCID: PMC5996115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prfA-virulence gene cluster (pVGC) is the main pathogenicity island in Listeria monocytogenes, comprising the prfA, plcA, hly, mpl, actA, and plcB genes. In this study, the pVGC of 36 L. monocytogenes isolates with respect to different serotypes (1/2a or 4b), geographical origin (Australia, Greece or Ireland) and isolation source (food-associated or clinical) was characterized. The most conserved genes were prfA and hly, with the lowest nucleotide diversity (π) among all genes (P < 0.05), and the lowest number of alleles, substitutions and non-synonymous substitutions for prfA. Conversely, the most diverse gene was actA, which presented the highest number of alleles (n = 20) and showed the highest nucleotide diversity. Grouping by serotype had a significantly lower π value (P < 0.0001) compared to isolation source or geographical origin, suggesting a distinct and well-defined unit compared to other groupings. Among all tested genes, only hly and mpl were those with lower nucleotide diversity in 1/2a serotype than 4b serotype, reflecting a high within-1/2a serotype divergence compared to 4b serotype. Geographical divergence was noted with respect to the hly gene, where serotype 4b Irish strains were distinct from Greek and Australian strains. Australian strains showed less diversity in plcB and mpl relative to Irish or Greek strains. Notable differences regarding sequence mutations were identified between food-associated and clinical isolates in prfA, actA, and plcB sequences. Overall, these results indicate that virulence genes follow different evolutionary pathways, which are affected by a strain's origin and serotype and may influence virulence and/or epidemiological dominance of certain subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V. Poimenidou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marion Dalmasso
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Edward M. Fox
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Panagiotis N. Skandamis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kieran Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
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CodY-Mediated c-di-GMP-Dependent Inhibition of Mammalian Cell Invasion in Listeria monocytogenes. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00457-17. [PMID: 29229701 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00457-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP suppress virulence in diverse pathogenic bacteria, yet mechanisms are poorly characterized. In the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, high c-di-GMP levels inhibit mammalian cell invasion. Here, we show that invasion is impaired because of the decreased expression levels of internalin genes whose products are involved in invasion. We further show that at high c-di-GMP levels, the expression of the entire virulence regulon is suppressed, and so is the expression of the prfA gene encoding the master activator of the virulence regulon. Analysis of mechanisms controlling prfA expression pointed to the transcription factor CodY as a c-di-GMP-sensitive component. In high-c-di-GMP strains, codY gene expression is decreased, apparently due to the lower activity of CodY, which functions as an activator of codY transcription. We found that listerial CodY does not bind c-di-GMP in vitro and therefore investigated whether c-di-GMP levels affect two known cofactors of listerial CodY, branched-chain amino acids and GTP. Our manipulation of branched-chain amino acid levels did not perturb the c-di-GMP effect; however, our replacement of listerial CodY with the streptococcal CodY homolog, whose activity is GTP independent, abolished the c-di-GMP effect. The results of this study suggest that elevated c-di-GMP levels decrease the activity of the coordinator of metabolism and virulence, CodY, possibly via lower GTP levels, and that decreased CodY activity suppresses L. monocytogenes virulence by the decreased expression of the PrfA virulence regulon.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is a pathogen causing listeriosis, a disease responsible for the highest mortality rate among foodborne diseases. Understanding how the virulence of this pathogen is regulated is important for developing treatments to decrease the frequency of listerial infections in susceptible populations. In this study, we describe the mechanism through which elevated levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP inhibit listerial invasion in mammalian cells. Inhibition is caused by the decreased activity of the transcription factor CodY that coordinates metabolism and virulence.
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Lukic J, Jancic I, Mirkovic N, Bufan B, Djokic J, Milenkovic M, Begovic J, Strahinic I, Lozo J. Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus salivarius differently modulate early immunological response of Wistar rats co-administered with Listeria monocytogenes. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:809-822. [PMID: 28856909 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the light of the increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics, one of the main global strategies in applied science is development of alternative treatments, which would be safe both for the host and from the environmental perspective. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to test whether two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Lactococcus lactis BGBU1-4 and Lactobacillus salivarius BGHO1, could be applied as safe supplements for Listeria infection. Two major research objectives were set: to compare the effects of BGBU1-4 and BGHO1 on early immune response in gut tissue of Wistar rats co-administered with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19111 and next, to test how this applies to their usage as therapeutics in acute ATCC19111 infection. Intestinal villi (IV), Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were used for the analysis. The results showed that BGHO1 increased the mRNA expression of innate immune markers CD14, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in PP and IV, and, in parallel, caused a decrease of listeriolysin O (LLO) mRNA expression in same tissues. In MLN of BGHO1 treated rats, LLO expression was increased, along with an increase of the expression of OX-62 mRNA and CD69, pointing to the activation of adaptive immunity. On the other hand, in BGBU1-4 treated rats, there was no reduction of LLO mRNA expression and no induction of innate immunity markers in intestinal tissue. Additionally, CD14 and IL-1β, as well as LLO, but not OX-62 mRNA and CD69 expression, were elevated in MLN of BGBU1-4 treated rats. However, when applied therapeutically, both, BGBU1-4 and BGHO1, lowered Listeria count in spleens of infected rats. Our results not only reveal the potential of LAB to ameliorate Listeria infections, but suggest different immunological effects of two different LAB strains, both of which could be effective in Listeria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lukic
- 1 Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Jancic
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Mirkovic
- 1 Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Bufan
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Djokic
- 1 Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Milenkovic
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Begovic
- 1 Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Strahinic
- 1 Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Lozo
- 1 Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia.,3 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Iglesias M, Viñas I, Colás-Medà P, Collazo C, Serrano J, Abadias M. Adhesion and invasion of Listeria monocytogenes and interaction with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG after habituation on fresh-cut pear. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Reddy S, Austin F. Adhesion and Invasion Assay Procedure Using Caco-2 Cells for Listeria monocytogenes. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2267. [PMID: 34541252 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important Gram-positive foodborne pathogen that is a particular problem in ready-to-eat food. It has an ability to survive in harsh conditions like refrigeration temperatures and high salt concentrations and is known to cross intestinal, placental and blood-brain barriers. Several cancerous cell lines like cervical, liver, dendritic, intestinal and macrophages have been used to study in vitro propagation and survival of listeria in human cells. Human intestinal epithelial cells have been used to study how listeria crosses the intestinal barrier and cause infection. The protocol in this articles describes the procedures to grow Caco-2 cells, maintain cells and use them for adhesion and invasion assays. During adhesion assay the cells are incubated with listeria for 30 min but in invasion assay the cell growth is arrested at several time points after infection to monitor the growth and survival rate of listeria in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Reddy
- College of Veterinary Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - Frank Austin
- College of Veterinary Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
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Colás-Medà P, Viñas I, Oliveira M, Anguera M, Serrano JC, Abadias M. Exposure to minimally processed pear and melon during shelf life could modify the pathogenic potential of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2017; 62:275-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ait Seddik H, Bendali F, Cudennec B, Drider D. Anti-pathogenic and probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from feces of Algerian infants and adults. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:244-254. [PMID: 28093322 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-seven (67) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates belonging to Lactobacillus genus were isolated from human feces and tested for their auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity in order to establish their adhesion capabilities, a prerequisite for probiotic selection. Strains with the upmost auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity scores were identified by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing as Lactobacillus plantarum (p25lb1 and p98lb1) and Lactobacillus salivarius (p85lb1 and p104lb1). These strains were also able to adhere to human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, with percentages ranging from 4.68 to 9.59%. They displayed good survival under conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal environment and remarkably impeded adhesion and invasion of human Caco-2 by Listeria monocytogenes and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. It should also be noted that Lb. plantarum p98lb1 was able to reduce in vitro cholesterol concentration by about 32%, offering an additional health attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ait Seddik
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; Univ. Lille, INRA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Univ. Lille, INRA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Djamel Drider
- Univ. Lille, INRA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Chairatana P, Nolan EM. Molecular basis for self-assembly of a human host-defense peptide that entraps bacterial pathogens. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13267-76. [PMID: 25158166 PMCID: PMC4183631 DOI: 10.1021/ja5057906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human α-defensin 6 (HD6) is a 32-aa cysteine-rich peptide of the innate immune system. Although HD6 is a member of an antimicrobial peptide family, it exhibits negligible antibacterial activity in vitro. Rather, HD6 possesses a unique innate immune mechanism whereby it self-assembles into oligomers that capture pathogens to prevent microbial invasion of the intestinal epithelium and subsequent dissemination. Molecular-level understanding for why HD6 functions differently from other human defensins remains unclear. To further elucidate the HD6 self-assembly process and its biological activity, we developed robust protocols for obtaining native and mutant HD6 in high purity from overexpression in Escherichia coli. We combined biophysical characterization with biological assays to probe HD6 structure and function. We report that native HD6 readily self-assembles into elongated fibrils observable by transmission electron microscopy, agglutinates both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, and prevents the human gastrointestinal pathogen Listeria monocytogenes from invading cultured mammalian cells. Mutation of hydrophobic residues (F2A, I22T, V25T, F29A) perturbs self-assembly and results in attenuated biological activity. In particular, the F2A and F29A mutants do not form fibrils under our experimental conditions and neither agglutinate bacteria nor prevent L. monocytogenes invasion. In total, our results demonstrate that the hydrophobic effect is essential for promoting HD6 self-assembly and innate immune function, and indicate that HD6 may provide host defense against Listeria in the gut. This investigation provides a timely description of how variations in amino acid sequence confer diverse physiological functions to members of the defensin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoom Chairatana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Chen LH, Köseoğlu VK, Güvener ZT, Myers-Morales T, Reed JM, D'Orazio SEF, Miller KW, Gomelsky M. Cyclic di-GMP-dependent signaling pathways in the pathogenic Firmicute Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004301. [PMID: 25101646 PMCID: PMC4125290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized key components and major targets of the c-di-GMP signaling pathways in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, identified a new c-di-GMP-inducible exopolysaccharide responsible for motility inhibition, cell aggregation, and enhanced tolerance to disinfectants and desiccation, and provided first insights into the role of c-di-GMP signaling in listerial virulence. Genome-wide genetic and biochemical analyses of c-di-GMP signaling pathways revealed that L. monocytogenes has three GGDEF domain proteins, DgcA (Lmo1911), DgcB (Lmo1912) and DgcC (Lmo2174), that possess diguanylate cyclase activity, and three EAL domain proteins, PdeB (Lmo0131), PdeC (Lmo1914) and PdeD (Lmo0111), that possess c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. Deletion of all phosphodiesterase genes (ΔpdeB/C/D) or expression of a heterologous diguanylate cyclase stimulated production of a previously unknown exopolysaccharide. The synthesis of this exopolysaccharide was attributed to the pssA-E (lmo0527-0531) gene cluster. The last gene of the cluster encodes the fourth listerial GGDEF domain protein, PssE, that functions as an I-site c-di-GMP receptor essential for exopolysaccharide synthesis. The c-di-GMP-inducible exopolysaccharide causes cell aggregation in minimal medium and impairs bacterial migration in semi-solid agar, however, it does not promote biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. The exopolysaccharide also greatly enhances bacterial tolerance to commonly used disinfectants as well as desiccation, which may contribute to survival of L. monocytogenes on contaminated food products and in food-processing facilities. The exopolysaccharide and another, as yet unknown c-di-GMP-dependent target, drastically decrease listerial invasiveness in enterocytes in vitro, and lower pathogen load in the liver and gallbladder of mice infected via an oral route, which suggests that elevated c-di-GMP levels play an overall negative role in listerial virulence. Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitously present in the environment, highly adaptable and tolerant to various stresses. L. monocytogenes is also a foodborne pathogen associated with the largest foodborne outbreaks in recent US history. Signaling pathways involving the second messenger c-di-GMP play important roles in increased stress survival of proteobacteria and mycobacteria, yet roles of c-di-GMP signaling pathways in L. monocytogenes have remained unexplored. Here, we identified and systematically characterized functions of the proteins involved in c-di-GMP synthesis, degradation and sensing. We show that elevated c-di-GMP levels in L. monocytogenes result in synthesis of a previously unknown exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation, inhibits motility in semi-solid media, and importantly, enhances bacterial tolerance to commonly used disinfectants as well as desiccation. These properties of the exopolysaccharide may increase listerial survival in food processing plants as well as on produce during transportation and storage. Elevated c-di-GMP levels also grossly diminish listerial invasiveness in enterocytes in vitro, and impair bacterial accumulation in selected mouse organs during oral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Volkan K. Köseoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Zehra T. Güvener
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Tanya Myers-Morales
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. F. D'Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kurt W. Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Mark Gomelsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jaradat ZW, Al Mousa W, Elbetieha A, Al Nabulsi A, Tall BD. Cronobacter spp.--opportunistic food-borne pathogens. A review of their virulence and environmental-adaptive traits. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1023-1037. [PMID: 24878566 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.073742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Cronobacter consists of a diverse group of Gram-negative bacilli and comprises seven species: Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter malonaticus, Cronobacter muytjensii, Cronobacter turicensis, Cronobacter dublinensis, Cronobacter universalis and Cronobacter condimenti. Cronobacter are regarded as opportunistic pathogens, and have been implicated in newborn and infant infections, causing meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteraemia or sepsis. Cronobacter virulence is believed to be due to multiple factors. Some strains were found to produce diarrhoea or cause significant fluid accumulation in suckling mice. Two iron acquisition systems (eitCBAD and iucABCD/iutA), Cronobacter plasminogen activator gene (cpa), a 17 kb type VI secretion system (T6SS), and a 27 kb filamentous haemagglutinin gene (fhaBC) and associated putative adhesins locus are harboured on a family of RepFIB-related plasmids (pESA3 and pCTU1), suggesting that these are common virulence plasmids; 98% of 229 tested Cronobacter strains possessed these plasmids. Even though pESA3 and pCTU1 share a common backbone composed of the repA gene and eitCBAD and iucABCD/iutA gene clusters, the presence of cpa, T6SS and FHA loci depended on species, demonstrating a strong correlation with the presence of virulence traits, plasmid type and species. Other factors were observed, in that Cronobacter form biofilms, and show unusual resistance to heat, dry and acid stress growth conditions. The outer-membrane protein A is probably one of the best-characterized virulence markers of Cronobacter. Furthermore, it was reported that Cronobacter employ phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt signalling, which activates protein kinase C-α and impairs the host cell's mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, in order to invade cells. Cronobacter can also use immature dendritic cells and macrophages to escape the immune response. This review addresses the various virulence and environmental-adaptive characteristics possessed by members of the genus Cronobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad W Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Waseem Al Mousa
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Elbetieha
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Anas Al Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ben D Tall
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Virulence Assessment, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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30
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Borcan AM, Huhulescu S, Munteanu A, Rafila A. Listeria monocytogenes - characterization of strains isolated from clinical severe cases. J Med Life 2014; 7 Spec No. 2:42-8. [PMID: 25870672 PMCID: PMC4391364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes became an increasing pathogen involved more frequently in sporadic severe illnesses and outbreaks of foodborne infections. This study investigates in vitro susceptibility of 26 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from the clinical specimens collected between March 2009 and November 2013, from 24 patients hospitalized in three medical institutions in Bucharest. All isolates were tested by disk diffusion method to 15 antimicrobial agents, by using disk diffusion tests. Among the 26 clinical L. monocytogenes isolates tested, no multidrug resistant strains were detected, but 18 (72%) were found to be resistant to at least one clinically relevant antibiotic. Among them, 18 clinical isolates were resistant against ciprofloxacin also. Resistance to Ciprofloxacin was particularly noticed to the strains in Romania. Serological and molecular typing by Multiplex PCR method detected two molecular types 1/2 a, 3a and 1/2 b, 3b, as to the more frequent isolated among studied cases. These types of L. monocytogenes could be associated to the higher pathogenic activity of immunodeficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Borcan
- ”Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Huhulescu
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - A Munteanu
- National Institute for Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Rafila
- ”Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne intracellular pathogen, is responsible for about 300 deaths every year in the USA. It has the ability to escape host defense mechanisms and causes listeriosis more frequently in immunocompromised individuals. Virulence mechanisms in L. monocytogenes are highly regulated and tightly controlled. A number of virulence factors that play important roles in pathogenesis of listeriosis have been identified and characterized. This review highlights the power of comparative genomics and functional genomics in identifying genes and proteins involved in the infection process. These genes and proteins are potentially useful as biomarkers for detecting virulent L. monocytogenes. This review also focuses on developments in the in vivo and in vitro models used in characterization of listerial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Reddy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Starkville, MS, 39762-6100, USA
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Effect of Bacteriocins and Conditions that Mimic Food and Digestive Tract on Biofilm Formation, In Vitro Invasion of Eukaryotic Cells and Internalin Gene Expression by Listeria monocytogenes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2013; 5:153-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms and planktonic cultures to hydrogen peroxide in food processing environments. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:2008-13. [PMID: 23132560 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that Listeria monocytogenes formed biofilms on the surface of food processing equipment, and may survive sanitization treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes grown in either a biofilm or planktonic culture when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Twelve strains of biofilm-forming L. monocytogenes and their planktonic counterparts were treated with various concentrations of H(2)O(2) (1, 6, and 10%), and the cell survival was then determined at 10-min exposure intervals. When grown as a biofilm, L. monocytogenes was significantly more resistant to H(2)O(2) than under planktonic culture conditions. Planktonic L. monocytogenes strains exhibited significantly different susceptibility to 1% H(2)O(2). Equally interestingly, biofilms of the 12 L. monocytogenes strains also inhibited different survival rates after being treated with 6 and 10% H(2)O(2). However, most of the biofilms recovered to a population of 2-9 log CFU/glass fiber filter (GFF) after a 24-h re-growth period. These results indicate that there was no significant correlation between the H(2)O(2) resistance of biofilm- and planktonic-cultured cells, and suggest that different mechanisms for the resistance to sanitation or disinfection underly the persistence of certain strains in food-processing environments.
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Upadhyay A, Johny AK, Amalaradjou MAR, Ananda Baskaran S, Kim KS, Venkitanarayanan K. Plant-derived antimicrobials reduce Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors in vitro, and down-regulate expression of virulence genes. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 157:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Studies on the pathogenesis and survival of different culture forms of Listeria monocytogenes to pulsed UV-light irradiation after exposure to mild-food processing stresses. Food Microbiol 2012; 30:330-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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dos Santos SA, de Andrade Júnior DR, de Andrade DR. TNF-α production and apoptosis in hepatocytes after Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium invasion. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2011; 53:107-12. [PMID: 21537759 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion of hepatocytes by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) can stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release and induce apoptosis. In this study, we compared the behavior of hepatocytes invaded by three L. monocytogenes serotypes (LM-4a, LM-4b and LM-1/2a) and by ST to understand which bacterium is more effective in the infectious process. We quantified TNF-α release by ELISA, apoptosis rates by annexin V (early apoptosis) and TUNEL (late apoptosis) techniques. The cell morphology was studied too. TNF-α release rate was highest in ST-invaded hepatocytes. ST and LM-1/2a induced the highest apoptosis production rates evaluated by TUNEL. LM-4b produced the highest apoptosis rate measured by annexin. Invaded hepatocytes presented various morphological alterations. Overall, LM-4b and LM-1/2a proved to be the most efficient at cell invasion, although ST adapted faster to the environment and induced earlier hepatocyte TNF-α release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sânia Alves dos Santos
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Invasiveness of Listeria monocytogenes strains of Caco-2 cells in response to a period of extreme salt stress reflecting salt-curing and rehydration of cod (Gadus morhua L.). Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Amalaradjou MAR, Narayanan A, Venkitanarayanan K. Trans-cinnamaldehyde decreases attachment and invasion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in urinary tract epithelial cells by modulating virulence gene expression. J Urol 2011; 185:1526-31. [PMID: 21334666 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the primary bacterium causing urinary tract infection in humans. Attachment and invasion of urinary tract epithelial cells by UPEC is the first critical step in establishing a successful urinary tract infection. We investigated the efficacy of subinhibitory concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde to inhibit uropathogenic E. coli attachment and invasion of human uroepithelial cells. We also determined the trans-cinnamaldehyde effect on uropathogenic E. coli genes encoding virulence factors critical for uroepithelial cell bacterial attachment and invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polystyrene 24-well plates seeded with uroepithelial cells were inoculated with uropathogenic E. coli (about 6.0 log cfu) and subinhibitory concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde (0, 325, 560 and 750 μM), and incubated for 60 minutes at 37C. Uroepithelial cells were washed and lysed to enumerate adhered uropathogenic E. coli populations. For the invasion assay uroepithelial cells were treated with gentamicin after incubation and lysed to enumerate invaded uropathogenic E. coli. Also, the trans-cinnamaldehyde effect on uropathogenic E. coli genes encoding attachment and invasion associated virulence factors was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Trans-cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased uroepithelial cell attachment and invasion by uropathogenic E. coli (p <0.05). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that trans-cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased the expression of major genes involved in uropathogenic E. coli attachment and invasion of host tissue (p <0.05). The down-regulating effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde on these genes potentially translated into decreased ability of uropathogenic E. coli to attach and invade bladder cells. CONCLUSIONS Trans-cinnamaldehyde may potentially be used as a safe, effective antimicrobial to control uropathogenic E. coli infection. Followup studies in animal models are warranted.
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Mathakiya R, Nayak A. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates by CAMP test. Vet World 2011. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Hsueh HY, Yueh PY, Yu B, Zhao X, Liu JR. Expression of Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 collagen-binding protein gene in Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 increases its adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12182-12191. [PMID: 21070005 DOI: 10.1021/jf1035756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The collagen-binding protein gene cnb was cloned from the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strain Pg4. The DNA sequence of the cnb gene (792 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 263 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 28.5 kDa. The cnb gene was constructed so as to constitutively express under the control of the Lactococcus lactis lacA promoter and was transformed into Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, a strain isolated from dairy products with poor ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopic and flow cytometric analysis of the transformed strain Lb. casei pNZ-cnb indicated that Cnb was displayed on its cell surface. Lb. casei pNZ-cnb not only showed a higher ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells but also exhibited a higher competition ability against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes adhesion to Caco-2 cells than Lb. casei ATCC 393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yun Hsueh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Listeria monocytogenes uses Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) to promote bacterial transepithelial translocation and induces expression of LAP receptor Hsp60. Infect Immun 2010; 78:5062-73. [PMID: 20876294 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00516-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes interaction with the intestinal epithelium is a key step in the infection process. We demonstrated that Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) promotes adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and facilitates extraintestinal dissemination in vivo. The LAP receptor is a stress response protein, Hsp60, but the precise role for the LAP-Hsp60 interaction during Listeria infection is unknown. Here we investigated the influence of physiological stressors and Listeria infection on host Hsp60 expression and LAP-mediated bacterial adhesion, invasion, and transepithelial translocation in an enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell model. Stressors such as heat (41°C), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (100 U), and L. monocytogenes infection (10(4) to 10(6) CFU/ml) significantly (P < 0.05) increased plasma membrane and intracellular Hsp60 levels in Caco-2 cells and consequently enhanced LAP-mediated L. monocytogenes adhesion but not invasion of Caco-2 cells. In transepithelial translocation experiments, the wild type (WT) exhibited 2.7-fold more translocation through Caco-2 monolayers than a lap mutant, suggesting that LAP is involved in transepithelial translocation, potentially via a paracellular route. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) suppression of Hsp60 in Caco-2 cells reduced WT adhesion and translocation 4.5- and 3-fold, respectively, while adhesion remained unchanged for the lap mutant. Conversely, overexpression of Hsp60 in Caco-2 cells enhanced WT adhesion and transepithelial translocation, but not those of the lap mutant. Furthermore, initial infection with a low dosage (10(6) CFU/ml) of L. monocytogenes increased plasma membrane and intracellular expression of Hsp60 significantly, which rendered Caco-2 cells more susceptible to subsequent LAP-mediated adhesion and translocation. These data provide insight into the role of LAP as a virulence factor during intestinal epithelial infection and pose new questions regarding the dynamics between the host stress response and pathogen infection.
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Comparison of invasiveness among surface-adherent variants of Listeria monocytogenes in Caco-2 cell culture assays. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 138:166-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bueno VF, Banerjee P, Banada PP, José de Mesquita A, Lemes-Marques EG, Bhunia AK. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates of food and human origins from Brazil using molecular typing procedures and in vitro cell culture assays. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2010; 20:43-59. [PMID: 20104385 DOI: 10.1080/09603120903281283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The spreading of diseases through foods is a worldwide concern. Here, molecular and in vitro cell-culture assays were employed to characterize 63 Brazilian Listeria monocytogenes isolates (food, 47; clinical, 16). Serotype 4b was the most predominant (49%) followed by (1/2)b (30%), (1/2)a (10%), (1/2)c (6%), 3c (3%) and 3b (2%). Ribotyping yielded 17 ribopatterns, which were grouped into four phylogenetic clusters. Cluster A comprised of 39/63 isolates primarily of food origin, and clusters B, C and D contained both food and clinical isolates. Isolates were positive for virulence determinants prfA, hlyA and inlA: clinical isolates were more invasive to Caco-2 cells and expressed high levels of inlA transcripts than the food isolates. Highly invasive isolates also provoked more Ped-2E9 cells to die by apoptosis than the weakly-invasive strains. These data demonstrate a strong genetic relatedness among clinical and food isolates and suggest transmission of a subset of L. monocytogenes strains from food to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter F Bueno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Banerjee P, Franz B, Bhunia AK. Mammalian cell-based sensor system. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 117:21-55. [PMID: 20091291 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Use of living cells or cellular components in biosensors is receiving increased attention and opens a whole new area of functional diagnostics. The term "mammalian cell-based biosensor" is designated to biosensors utilizing mammalian cells as the biorecognition element. Cell-based assays, such as high-throughput screening (HTS) or cytotoxicity testing, have already emerged as dependable and promising approaches to measure the functionality or toxicity of a compound (in case of HTS); or to probe the presence of pathogenic or toxigenic entities in clinical, environmental, or food samples. External stimuli or changes in cellular microenvironment sometimes perturb the "normal" physiological activities of mammalian cells, thus allowing CBBs to screen, monitor, and measure the analyte-induced changes. The advantage of CBBs is that they can report the presence or absence of active components, such as live pathogens or active toxins. In some cases, mammalian cells or plasma membranes are used as electrical capacitors and cell-cell and cell-substrate contact is measured via conductivity or electrical impedance. In addition, cytopathogenicity or cytotoxicity induced by pathogens or toxins resulting in apoptosis or necrosis could be measured via optical devices using fluorescence or luminescence. This chapter focuses mainly on the type and applications of different mammalian cell-based sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Banerjee
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Department of Food & Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, 35762, USA
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Burkholder KM, Bhunia AK. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium adhesion and cytotoxicity during epithelial cell stress is reduced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Gut Pathog 2009; 1:14. [PMID: 19589170 PMCID: PMC2716363 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiological stressors may alter susceptibility of the host intestinal epithelium to infection by enteric pathogens. In the current study, cytotoxic effect, adhesion and invasion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to Caco-2 cells exposed to thermal stress (41°C, 1 h) was investigated. Probiotic bacteria have been shown to reduce interaction of pathogens with the epithelium under non-stress conditions and may have a significant effect on epithelial viability during infection; however, probiotic effect on pathogen interaction with epithelial cells under physiological stress is not known. Therefore, we investigated the influence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus gasseri on Salmonella adhesion and Salmonella-induced cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells subjected to thermal stress. Results Thermal stress increased the cytotoxic effect of both S. Typhimurium (P = 0.0001) and nonpathogenic E. coli K12 (P = 0.004) to Caco-2 cells, and resulted in greater susceptibility of cell monolayers to S. Typhimurium adhesion (P = 0.001). Thermal stress had no significant impact on inflammatory cytokines released by Caco-2 cells, although exposure to S. Typhimurium resulted in greater than 80% increase in production of IL-6 and IL-8. Blocking S. Typhimurium with anti-ShdA antibody prior to exposure of Salmonella decreased adhesion (P = 0.01) to non-stressed and thermal-stressed Caco-2 cells. Pre-exposure of Caco-2 cells to L. rhamnosus GG significantly reduced Salmonella-induced cytotoxicity (P = 0.001) and Salmonella adhesion (P = 0.001) to Caco-2 cells during thermal stress, while L. gasseri had no effect. Conclusion Results suggest that thermal stress increases susceptibility of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells to Salmonella adhesion, and increases the cytotoxic effect of Salmonella during infection. Use of L. rhamnosus GG as a probiotic may reduce the severity of infection during epithelial cell stress. Mechanisms by which thermal stress increases susceptibility to S. Typhimurium colonization and by which L. rhamnosus GG limits the severity of infection remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Burkholder
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2009, USA.
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Nestler U, Rollnik S, Schulz C, Chakraborty T, Domann E, Hain T. Expression of the reporter genes lacZ and EGFP in human glioblastoma cells using Listeria monocytogenes as vector for gene transfer. Neurol Res 2009; 31:859-68. [PMID: 19215661 DOI: 10.1179/174313209x403896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma has become a model target for viral gene therapy approaches. To circumvent some of the inherent problems of viral vectors, we examined the feasibility of Listeria monocytogenes for foreign gene expression in glioblastoma cells. METHODS The internalin-dependent uptake of L. monocytogenes into human glioma cell lines and into 22 cell cultures obtained during neurosurgery was studied by in vitro infection assays. Internalization rates of wild-type L. monocytogenes were compared with a deletion mutant and to four strains with plasmid-based recomplementation of the internalin A/B operon. For gene transfer experiments, plasmids encoding lacZ or EGFP under control of the cytomegalovirus promotor were transfected into Listeriae. Incubation times in cell culture were studied regarding infection of cells, intracellular listerial replication and reporter gene translation. Gene transfer efficiency was determined by beta-galactosidase activity and by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The internalin-defective strain (DeltainlAB2) showed less uptake compared with the wild type. An increased invasion rate was observed in strain DeltainlAB2 + inlB(PinlA) overexpressing internalin B; complementation of the entire operon (DeltainlAB2 + inlAB(PinlA)) revealed a synergistic effect. For gene transfer experiments into glioblastoma cells, the pathogenic strain 4bL312 was employed, and efficiencies up to 5% were achieved. DISCUSSION Internalins A and B are major determinants for listerial uptake into neuroepithelial tumors. The L. monocytogenes vector system enables foreign gene expression in glioblastoma cells. Ongoing research deals with optimization of transfection efficiencies, with the use of less pathogenic substrains and the cloning of suicide gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Nestler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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Liu D, Lawrence ML, Ainsworth AJ, Austin FW. Toward an improved laboratory definition of Listeria monocytogenes virulence. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 118:101-15. [PMID: 17727992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that encompasses a diversity of strains with varied virulence. The ability to rapidly determine the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes strains is integral to the control and prevention campaign against listeriosis. Early methods for assessing L. monocytogenes virulence include in vivo bioassays and in vitro cell assays. While in vivo bioassays provide a measurement of all virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes, they are not applied routinely due to their reliance on experimental animals whose costs have become increasingly prohibitive. As a low cost alternative, in vitro cell assays are useful for estimating the virulence of L. monocytogenes strains. However, these assays are often slow, and at times variable. Prior attempts to ascertain L. monocytogenes virulence by targeting virulence-associated proteins and genes have been largely unsuccessful, since many of the assay targets are present in both virulent and avirulent strains. Recent identification of novel virulence-specific genes (particularly internalin gene inlJ) has opened a new avenue for rapid, sensitive, and precise differentiation of virulent L. monocytogenes strains from avirulent strains. The application of DNA sequencing technique also offers an additional tool for assessing L. monocytogenes virulence potential. By providing an update on the laboratory methods that have been reported for the determination of L. monocytogenes pathogenicity, this review discusses future research needs that may help achieve an improved laboratory definition of L. monocytogenes virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyou Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, PO Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Li L, Ojcius DM, Yan J. Comparison of invasion of fibroblasts and macrophages by high- and low-virulence Leptospira strains: colonization of the host-cell nucleus and induction of necrosis by the virulent strain. Arch Microbiol 2007; 188:591-8. [PMID: 17622516 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The infection cycle of low- and high-virulence strains of Leptospira interrogans was compared in fibroblasts and macrophages. L. interrogans serovar Lai strain Lai was used as a representative high-virulence strain, while L. interrogans serovars Pomona strain Luo was used as a low-virulence strain. L. biflexa serovar Patoc strain Patoc I, a nonparasitic strain of Leptospira, was used as a control. Both the high- and low-virulence strains could adhere to fibroblasts and macrophages using one or both ends of the spirochete, which was followed by phagocytosis of both strains. Both strains adhered more strongly to macrophages than fibroblasts. However, the high-virulence strain could invade the host-cell nucleus, while the low-virulence strain remained in phagosomes. The L. biflexa strain neither adhered to nor invaded either cell type. Both of the L. interrogans strains also induced cell death (mostly necrosis) of macrophages, whether or not the spirochetes were viable, suggesting that leptospiral virulence is unrelated to macrophage death. However, the high-virulence strain induced mainly necrosis in fibroblasts, while the low-virulence strain induced more apoptosis. Thus, the main feature distinguishing the two L. interrogans strains is the ability of the high-virulence strain to invade the host-cell nucleus and induce pro-inflammatory necrosis in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Kim T, Jung Y, Silva J, Danviriyakul S. Detection and Rapid Purification of Internalin B as a Protein Marker inListeria monocytogenes. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430701410571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jensen A, Larsen MH, Ingmer H, Vogel BF, Gram L. Sodium chloride enhances adherence and aggregation and strain variation influences invasiveness of Listeria monocytogenes strains. J Food Prot 2007; 70:592-9. [PMID: 17388046 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.3.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Some subtypes of Listeria monocytogenes can persist in the food-processing industry, but the reasons for such persistence are not known. In the present study, 10 strains of L. monocytogenes representing known persistent randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) types from fish processing plants were compared to eight strains of different RAPD type and origin (clinical, food, and animal). All 18 strains of L. monocytogenes had similar growth patterns at different temperatures (5 or 37 degrees C) or different salinities (0.5 or 5% NaCl), and all strains formed a thin layer of adhered cells on a plastic surface when cultured in tryptone soya broth (TSB) with a total of 1% glucose. Many ready-to-eat foods, such as cold-smoked fish, contain NaCl at concentrations of 2 to 5%, and NaCl is present in the processing environment. Adding NaCl to TSB changed the adhesion patterns of all strains, and all adhered better when NaCl was added. Also, the addition of NaCl caused a marked aggregation of 13 of the strains; however, 5 of the 18 strains did not aggregate in the presence of up to 5% NaCl. The aggregates stuck to the plastic surface, and this occurred in all but one of the persistent RAPD types. Four strains represented one particular RAPD type that has been isolated as a persistent RAPD type in several fish processing plants for up to 10 years. Because this RAPD type often can contaminate fish products, it is important to address its potential virulence. The 18 strains differed markedly in their ability to invade Caco-2 cells, and the four strains representing the universal persistent RAPD type were the least invasive (10(2) to 10(3) CFU/ml), whereas other strains invaded Caco-2 cells at levels of 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml. Five of the 18 strains belonged to the genetic lineage 1 and were the most invasive. Although the most commonly isolated persistent RAPD type was low invasive, it is important to understand why moderate salinity facilitates aggregation and biofilm formation, for this understanding can be beneficial in developing procedures to reduce processing plant contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jensen
- Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Department of Seafood Research, Søltofts Plads, DTU bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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